1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: The Stay in History Class. It's a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:07,440 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey guys, welcome to this Day in History class, 3 00:00:07,840 --> 00:00:11,360 Speaker 1: where we bring you a new tidbit from history every day. 4 00:00:13,800 --> 00:00:25,279 Speaker 1: Today is August second, nineteen. The day was August second eight. 5 00:00:27,360 --> 00:00:31,400 Speaker 1: Barretta Maria Julia Lutz was born in South Paulo, Brazil. 6 00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:35,879 Speaker 1: Lutes is remembered as a dedicated feminist and diplomat and 7 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:41,280 Speaker 1: accomplished scientists. Barrett was born into an upper middle class family. 8 00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:44,919 Speaker 1: Her mother was Amy Fowler, a British nurse who had 9 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:49,840 Speaker 1: cared for people with leprosy in Hawaii. Adolpho Lutes, Barta's 10 00:00:49,880 --> 00:00:55,040 Speaker 1: father was a Swiss Brazilian physician and epidemiologist who specialized 11 00:00:55,080 --> 00:00:59,560 Speaker 1: in tropical medicine. Barrette went to primary school in Brazil, 12 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:02,960 Speaker 1: but she traveled to Europe to finish her studies. She 13 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:07,440 Speaker 1: attended the University of Paris Sorbone, studying natural sciences and 14 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:12,880 Speaker 1: concentrating on zoology. In nineteen eighteen, she received a degree 15 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:17,120 Speaker 1: in biology from the Sorbone. After she graduated, she returned 16 00:01:17,200 --> 00:01:21,600 Speaker 1: to Brazil. In nineteen nineteen, she took a high civil 17 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:25,160 Speaker 1: service post as secretary at the National Museum of Rio 18 00:01:25,240 --> 00:01:29,360 Speaker 1: de Janeiro, But while in Europe she had been paying 19 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:32,759 Speaker 1: attention to the suffragists and gained interest in the struggle 20 00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:37,039 Speaker 1: for women's right to vote. In Brazil, she began advocating 21 00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:41,240 Speaker 1: for women's suffrage and equal access to education in public office. 22 00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:44,880 Speaker 1: Though she did not believe that the militant actions of 23 00:01:44,920 --> 00:01:48,680 Speaker 1: suffragists in Britain would work in Brazil, she did believe 24 00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:51,360 Speaker 1: that women needed to organize in their fight for rights. 25 00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:56,120 Speaker 1: She published a call to Brazilian women which said, in part, 26 00:01:56,720 --> 00:02:00,000 Speaker 1: I am proposing the establishment of a League of Brazilian Women, 27 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:03,840 Speaker 1: and I am not proposing an association of suffragettes who 28 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:08,280 Speaker 1: would break windows along the streets, but rather of Brazilians 29 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:11,800 Speaker 1: who understand that a woman ought not to live parasitically 30 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:15,959 Speaker 1: based on her sex, taking advantage of man's animal instincts, 31 00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:20,160 Speaker 1: but rather be useful, educate herself and her children, and 32 00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:24,960 Speaker 1: become capable of performing those political responsibilities which the future 33 00:02:25,040 --> 00:02:29,520 Speaker 1: cannot fail to allot her. Lutes began serving as director 34 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:32,880 Speaker 1: of the Administrative Commission in the League of Brazilian Women, 35 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:37,040 Speaker 1: an organization that was established in nineteen nineteen and had 36 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:41,200 Speaker 1: the motto aid and Elevate women, but Loots would go 37 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: on to found her own organization. Together with a teacher 38 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:49,519 Speaker 1: and author named Maria Leserga ji Mura, she established the 39 00:02:49,639 --> 00:02:54,000 Speaker 1: League for the Intellectual Emancipation of Women in nineteen twenty. 40 00:02:54,720 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 1: Unlike other organizations and publications that emphasized Christian morality and 41 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:02,720 Speaker 1: we're feel and thropic, the League was secular and did 42 00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:07,000 Speaker 1: not take a charitable approach. It focused on employment and 43 00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:12,200 Speaker 1: suffrage and promoted women's intellectual freedom through rational and scientific education. 44 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: Its program was publicized through articles in the press, petitions, 45 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:22,600 Speaker 1: and proclamations. In ninete, the name of the organization was 46 00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: shortened to the League for the Emancipation of Women, and political, 47 00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:32,040 Speaker 1: legal and economic issues took precedent over intellectual freedom. In 48 00:03:32,120 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: nineteen two, LUTs traveled to Baltimore, Maryland as Brazil's delegate 49 00:03:36,760 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 1: to the Pan American Conference of Women. There she consulted 50 00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:44,120 Speaker 1: feminists and suffrage leaders on strategies for the movement in Brazil. 51 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:48,560 Speaker 1: She was elected vice president of the Pan American Association 52 00:03:48,640 --> 00:03:52,120 Speaker 1: for South America, and when she went back to Brazil, 53 00:03:52,480 --> 00:03:55,960 Speaker 1: she established the Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women, 54 00:03:56,400 --> 00:03:59,960 Speaker 1: which had representatives from all of the Brazilian states, women's 55 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:05,880 Speaker 1: professional organizations, and social action and charity groups. The organization 56 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:09,560 Speaker 1: focused on and was supported by middle and upper class 57 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:13,720 Speaker 1: women in urban areas and some impoverished women, as many 58 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:17,280 Speaker 1: were illiterate and therefore ineligible to vote, were turned off 59 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:20,919 Speaker 1: of the organization and Loots for this reason, but the 60 00:04:20,960 --> 00:04:25,159 Speaker 1: Federation did have programs and initiatives that helped lower class women, 61 00:04:25,640 --> 00:04:29,640 Speaker 1: including ones that focused on shorter working hours, health issues 62 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:33,440 Speaker 1: for rural women, and access to secondary education for girls. 63 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:37,880 Speaker 1: The campaign for women's right to vote was contentious, even 64 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:41,440 Speaker 1: among Latin American feminists, who did not all agree on 65 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:44,039 Speaker 1: the value of the vote to their cause or were 66 00:04:44,120 --> 00:04:48,479 Speaker 1: more concerned with other social and economic issues. Either way, 67 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:53,159 Speaker 1: Loots continued to campaign for women's suffrage, established more organizations, 68 00:04:53,440 --> 00:04:57,760 Speaker 1: and take more leadership positions. She worked on the drafting 69 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:01,800 Speaker 1: committee for Brazil's new constitution, which was adopted in nineteen 70 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:06,080 Speaker 1: thirty four and women gain the right to vote. She 71 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:09,360 Speaker 1: got a law degree in nineteen thirty three. She entered 72 00:05:09,360 --> 00:05:13,520 Speaker 1: into politics, but the establishment of the dictatorial Estado Novo 73 00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:18,120 Speaker 1: or a New State, ended women's participation in electoral politics. 74 00:05:19,279 --> 00:05:22,880 Speaker 1: The women's movement lost momentum and people were split over 75 00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 1: the effectiveness of Lutz's leadership. She turned her attention back 76 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: to her patology. Lukes became director of the Botanical Section 77 00:05:31,760 --> 00:05:34,760 Speaker 1: of the National Museum, a position she held until she 78 00:05:34,839 --> 00:05:40,200 Speaker 1: retired in nineteen sixty four. She died in nineteen seventy six. 79 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: Several species of frauds and lizards are named after Verita Lutz. 80 00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:48,680 Speaker 1: I'm Eve Jeff Coote and hopefully you know a little 81 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:52,479 Speaker 1: more about history today than you did yesterday. Get more 82 00:05:52,520 --> 00:05:56,880 Speaker 1: Notes from History on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at t 83 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:01,320 Speaker 1: d I h the podcast We'll see you here in 84 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:07,400 Speaker 1: the same place tomorrow. 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