1 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:13,520 Speaker 1: From Mediator's World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:17,479 Speaker 1: Kel's We Can Review with Ryan kel Kell and now 3 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:23,079 Speaker 1: Here's Kel. Australian real estate agents might be kicking themselves 4 00:00:23,160 --> 00:00:27,120 Speaker 1: this week for overlooking a skyscraper taller than the Empire 5 00:00:27,240 --> 00:00:31,040 Speaker 1: State Building that was just discovered in their backyard. Though 6 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:35,280 Speaker 1: to be fair, this particular skyscraper is a little harder 7 00:00:35,320 --> 00:00:40,920 Speaker 1: to see than most, given that it's completely underwater. In fact, 8 00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:45,200 Speaker 1: it's a detached part of Australia's famous Great Barrier Reef, 9 00:00:45,520 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: the largest coral reef in the world. Which if you 10 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:52,520 Speaker 1: don't know the Great Barrier Reef, then you obviously don't 11 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:57,680 Speaker 1: know Kurt Russell in Captain Ron, And according to Captain Ron, 12 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:00,560 Speaker 1: the Great Barrier Reef is a great eccent of a 13 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:05,039 Speaker 1: gun that runs the whole coast. The Captain is speaking 14 00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:08,600 Speaker 1: of Australia. By the way, wait the Great Barrier read 15 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:13,800 Speaker 1: you heard it? Huh, smart lady. Although scientists have long 16 00:01:13,880 --> 00:01:17,280 Speaker 1: known about several free standing parts of the Great Barrier Reef, 17 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:20,479 Speaker 1: this is the first new part of that great big 18 00:01:20,520 --> 00:01:23,480 Speaker 1: reef to be found more than a hundred and twenty years, 19 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:27,800 Speaker 1: and it is enormous. The funnel shaped tower is almost 20 00:01:27,800 --> 00:01:32,280 Speaker 1: a mile wide at its base, then rises five dred 21 00:01:32,360 --> 00:01:36,200 Speaker 1: meters until its pinnacle SIT's just forty meters below the 22 00:01:36,240 --> 00:01:40,000 Speaker 1: ocean surface. This tower wasn't made with cranes swinging I 23 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:44,399 Speaker 1: beams around. This tower grew. The coral built up incredibly 24 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:48,520 Speaker 1: gradually over millions of years. As the Earth's tectonic plates moved, 25 00:01:48,920 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 1: the ocean floor kept gradually dropping, and a little by little, 26 00:01:52,320 --> 00:01:54,960 Speaker 1: the coral kept growing so that it could keep the 27 00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:58,200 Speaker 1: allergae that provides it with oxygen close enough to the 28 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:02,680 Speaker 1: sun to maintain photosynthesis. Last we checked these algae. We're 29 00:02:02,680 --> 00:02:06,640 Speaker 1: not wearing hard hats, but with the diversity of species 30 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:09,560 Speaker 1: that live on the reef, you can never be completely sure. 31 00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:12,960 Speaker 1: We are sure, however, that this is where our high 32 00:02:13,040 --> 00:02:17,280 Speaker 1: rise construction metaphor will end. You're welcome if you're having 33 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:20,560 Speaker 1: a hard time imagining this mile wide at the base 34 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:25,080 Speaker 1: natural tower that grew itself to five hundred meters or 35 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:28,160 Speaker 1: one thousand, six d forty feet just to be near 36 00:02:28,200 --> 00:02:31,920 Speaker 1: the sun. It's not that different than the sequoia or 37 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:35,200 Speaker 1: climbing vine that grows up to the same goal of 38 00:02:35,280 --> 00:02:39,360 Speaker 1: monopolizing sunlight were in human terms, would be similar to 39 00:02:39,480 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 1: some of those folks. I was just visiting Louisiana, who 40 00:02:42,639 --> 00:02:46,160 Speaker 1: rebuild their homes on higher and higher pilings after every 41 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:50,639 Speaker 1: storm surge. So how could something so huge go unnoticed 42 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:54,320 Speaker 1: for so long? You may ask, well, the normal way, 43 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:57,120 Speaker 1: as I suppose, maybe the tower was a bit of 44 00:02:57,160 --> 00:03:05,880 Speaker 1: an introvert, a late bloomer time. The reality is we 45 00:03:05,919 --> 00:03:09,120 Speaker 1: actually know way less about the deep ocean than you 46 00:03:09,200 --> 00:03:12,680 Speaker 1: might think. As you go deeper into the water, things 47 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:15,760 Speaker 1: get less and less welcoming. Pressure gets high enough to 48 00:03:15,800 --> 00:03:19,400 Speaker 1: crush regular submarines. At the base of this new coral tower, 49 00:03:19,680 --> 00:03:22,880 Speaker 1: a human would feel about seven hundred and seventy five 50 00:03:22,919 --> 00:03:26,760 Speaker 1: pounds per square inch of pressure. A grizzly bear has 51 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:29,360 Speaker 1: a bite force of a little over a thousand p s. 52 00:03:29,360 --> 00:03:32,560 Speaker 1: I temperatures get freezing cold, and the light from the 53 00:03:32,600 --> 00:03:36,720 Speaker 1: sun is completely cut off. Humans are just inventing the 54 00:03:36,720 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 1: technology to overcome those factors, and so we're still guessing 55 00:03:40,480 --> 00:03:43,400 Speaker 1: about most of what happens down there. We have better 56 00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:45,760 Speaker 1: maps of the Moon and Mars than we do of 57 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:50,240 Speaker 1: our own ocean floor, but using sonar technology, this team 58 00:03:50,280 --> 00:03:53,000 Speaker 1: of scientists off the coast of Australia is making a 59 00:03:53,120 --> 00:03:56,160 Speaker 1: much more detailed map of the ocean in and around 60 00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:59,640 Speaker 1: the Great Barrier Reef. Their research ship, the foul Core, 61 00:04:00,040 --> 00:04:03,360 Speaker 1: sends out powerful sound waves, then measures the echoes that 62 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:06,480 Speaker 1: come back from the structures on the ocean floor. Using 63 00:04:06,520 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: that information, they can draw maps and in this case, 64 00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:13,280 Speaker 1: notice this enormous reef that's been right under everyone's nose. 65 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:18,719 Speaker 1: Finding an entirely new reef structure is incredibly cool and thrilling. 66 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:22,000 Speaker 1: But what's even better news is it looks like life 67 00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:26,200 Speaker 1: is thriving all over this tower. The Great Barrier Reef 68 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:30,839 Speaker 1: has taken a beating from climate change, pollution, over fishing, bleaching, 69 00:04:31,080 --> 00:04:34,800 Speaker 1: periodic blooms of crown of thorn starfish which actually eat 70 00:04:34,839 --> 00:04:39,240 Speaker 1: the coral, and yes, even I am sure plenty of 71 00:04:39,400 --> 00:04:43,720 Speaker 1: real life characters like Captain Ron. But life on this 72 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:47,560 Speaker 1: newly discovered tower seems to be healthy and scientists are 73 00:04:47,600 --> 00:04:51,680 Speaker 1: now busy studying the sharks, shellfish, turtles, and thousands of 74 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:55,280 Speaker 1: other species who live there. The deepest spot in the ocean, 75 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:59,599 Speaker 1: the Marianas Trench, has been measured at thirty five thousand, 76 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:02,880 Speaker 1: eight feet below the surface of the ocean. We know 77 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:05,560 Speaker 1: it exists, but it is a place we as humans 78 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:10,080 Speaker 1: quite factually may never ever see the top of this 79 00:05:10,160 --> 00:05:14,480 Speaker 1: new Coral Tower extension. SIT's only forty below the waves 80 00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:19,719 Speaker 1: and was until now just as unknown as the deepest, coldest, 81 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:23,400 Speaker 1: darkest place on our planet, which is kind of exciting 82 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:28,839 Speaker 1: right Lots to be discovered out their kids. This week 83 00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:33,160 Speaker 1: we've got rodent dentistry, fish in a barrel, and cuddly sharks. 84 00:05:33,200 --> 00:05:37,400 Speaker 1: But first I'm gonna tell you about my week and 85 00:05:37,560 --> 00:05:41,040 Speaker 1: my week as well as the Cow's Week in Review podcast, 86 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:44,960 Speaker 1: as everyone knows, is sponsored by Steel Power Equipment, the 87 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:49,200 Speaker 1: maker of the finest chainsaws, be they battery operated or gas. 88 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:52,280 Speaker 1: And what's more, as we creep into the holidays, which 89 00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:56,000 Speaker 1: typically I wouldn't be thinking about, but you know, anything 90 00:05:56,080 --> 00:05:58,839 Speaker 1: after this election cycle is more enticing than living in 91 00:05:58,839 --> 00:06:02,240 Speaker 1: the now, so be thinking of those little indispensable steel 92 00:06:02,320 --> 00:06:06,279 Speaker 1: pruning shears, perfect for fish collar and game bird leg removal. 93 00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:11,080 Speaker 1: They fit perfectly in a stocking. Honestly, even for the 94 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:13,920 Speaker 1: not so adventurous person in your life. A set of 95 00:06:13,960 --> 00:06:18,320 Speaker 1: steel shears is a highly versatile, four season type of gift. 96 00:06:18,839 --> 00:06:21,400 Speaker 1: You can trim branches in the yard, cut shooting lanes 97 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:24,160 Speaker 1: in the stand, make that duck blind look sharp, and 98 00:06:24,240 --> 00:06:26,560 Speaker 1: keep them in the kitchen just as I do for 99 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:28,599 Speaker 1: the rest of the season. It's a lot of bang 100 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:33,520 Speaker 1: for your buck. Anyway. This week, my lovely lady friend 101 00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:36,279 Speaker 1: and I went out to try to get her antelope. 102 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:39,760 Speaker 1: She drew a tag her very first one. We went 103 00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:43,480 Speaker 1: and looked around preseason things looked promising. Not a ton 104 00:06:43,520 --> 00:06:46,880 Speaker 1: of public land, but a lot of block management areas, 105 00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:50,719 Speaker 1: which is Montana's version of private land with a state 106 00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:55,160 Speaker 1: funded public access component. This is a really great program. 107 00:06:55,760 --> 00:06:59,039 Speaker 1: Landowners get paid for hunter days. The landowner works with 108 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: the biologist outline the specific rules for the property, like 109 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,680 Speaker 1: what species can be hunted, how many hunters per day, 110 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:09,920 Speaker 1: where hunters can drive, or if they should only walk 111 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:15,160 Speaker 1: on the property. The block management program, when treated properly, 112 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: as a win win ranchers and farmers are able to 113 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:21,160 Speaker 1: reduce the amount of crop and feed damage caused by 114 00:07:21,160 --> 00:07:25,560 Speaker 1: wildlife and get some compensation on top of that. It's 115 00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 1: a precarious situation, though, as it depends on people to 116 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:32,560 Speaker 1: behave like good neighbors. It is up to all hunters 117 00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: to police each other to make sure this program continues. 118 00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:39,720 Speaker 1: In this particular antalope unit, the b m A program 119 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:43,400 Speaker 1: is the bulk of the hunting opportunity, Meaning if it 120 00:07:43,520 --> 00:07:47,640 Speaker 1: went away because some bad actors drove through fields or 121 00:07:47,680 --> 00:07:52,000 Speaker 1: tore up muddy roads, that tag, for most people would 122 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,640 Speaker 1: be more of a symbolic antalope tag as opposed to 123 00:07:55,680 --> 00:08:00,280 Speaker 1: an opportunity to take an antelope. Anyway, I was fortunate 124 00:08:00,440 --> 00:08:04,240 Speaker 1: enough to follow along as two antelope, a doe and 125 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:07,320 Speaker 1: her near adult size fawn, fed toward a draw on 126 00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:11,000 Speaker 1: a field. My friend Sam managed to get within sixty 127 00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:14,080 Speaker 1: one yards. She made a great shot and the dough 128 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:17,440 Speaker 1: went down. Now what happened next? As I have seen 129 00:08:17,480 --> 00:08:21,120 Speaker 1: many times in my guiding career, the boyfriend girlfriend, her 130 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:24,840 Speaker 1: husband wife dynamic is not always the dynamic in which 131 00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:28,880 Speaker 1: information freely flows back and forth. Did you not tell 132 00:08:28,920 --> 00:08:32,160 Speaker 1: me you were an assassin? You don't tell me. I 133 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:37,080 Speaker 1: tell you twenty times, you never listen. Our relationship, surprisingly 134 00:08:37,400 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: or not, is no different. So Sam took along the 135 00:08:41,160 --> 00:08:43,680 Speaker 1: how to get a Dear bandana from the meat eater 136 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:47,880 Speaker 1: store and paid more attention to it than me for instructions, 137 00:08:48,360 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: and it all worked out well. I can't find better 138 00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:53,680 Speaker 1: meat in the freezer. I'll tell you that much now. 139 00:08:53,720 --> 00:08:57,320 Speaker 1: A butchering note. As we butchered the antelope last night, 140 00:08:57,679 --> 00:08:59,960 Speaker 1: a number of listeners wrote in to tell me about 141 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:04,120 Speaker 1: lopping shears as a standard butchering tool. I use the 142 00:09:04,280 --> 00:09:07,920 Speaker 1: steel loppers on this antelope, and I gotta tell you 143 00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:11,760 Speaker 1: a cut bone in roasts nice, even rib racks, and 144 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:14,200 Speaker 1: I won't look back. That tool is going to be 145 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:17,720 Speaker 1: with me on every butchering job, way better than a saw. 146 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:20,320 Speaker 1: So thank you for all those folks who hit me 147 00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:25,160 Speaker 1: to that. Moving on to the snort report, we got 148 00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:28,440 Speaker 1: our first limited sharp tails together. Snort was making me 149 00:09:28,520 --> 00:09:32,080 Speaker 1: a little frustrated because she was not finishing her retrieves, 150 00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: as in, not bringing the bird to hand because she 151 00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:37,959 Speaker 1: wanted to go find more birds. I told her that's 152 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:44,199 Speaker 1: how pointers behave, not retrievers. Side note, A plucked roasted 153 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:49,360 Speaker 1: sharp tail grouse is really fantastic table fair. Moving on 154 00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:53,200 Speaker 1: quick stopping the mail desk, Tyler Stoltz, you have a 155 00:09:53,360 --> 00:09:58,000 Speaker 1: real long winded buddy named Rob ken Singer. Rob says 156 00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:00,640 Speaker 1: you have helped him out a ton and are a 157 00:10:00,720 --> 00:10:04,520 Speaker 1: fine representative of both are armed forces and of a 158 00:10:04,559 --> 00:10:08,839 Speaker 1: true conservationist. So first, thank you on behalf of all 159 00:10:08,880 --> 00:10:12,200 Speaker 1: of us, both for spreading the conservation ethos and for 160 00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:15,080 Speaker 1: your service, and thank you to Rob as well. The 161 00:10:15,160 --> 00:10:18,240 Speaker 1: second part of this was the question what to get 162 00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:22,640 Speaker 1: the outdoors person that has everything. Focus on the small stuff. 163 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:27,439 Speaker 1: Fire starters, sharpeners, water purification drops. I like aquam era, 164 00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:32,520 Speaker 1: down booties, elkin, turkey, diaphragms, external read calls are all 165 00:10:32,559 --> 00:10:35,840 Speaker 1: excellent gifts for the outdoors person in your life who 166 00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:39,439 Speaker 1: has it all. There's nothing better than stumbling onto a 167 00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:43,239 Speaker 1: good sounding call, especially if it's one you've never considered. 168 00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:47,679 Speaker 1: Thanks for writing in and good luck this season. Next up, 169 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: just a general address. I've gotten several emails, messages, etcetera 170 00:10:53,080 --> 00:10:57,959 Speaker 1: asking for more economical outdoor clothing suggestions. Hunting specific and 171 00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:03,120 Speaker 1: outdoor branded stuff is ex pensive. Army surplus stores, how 172 00:11:03,160 --> 00:11:07,520 Speaker 1: I have first clothed myself, are even expensive these days. 173 00:11:08,200 --> 00:11:11,319 Speaker 1: But see if you can't find some army surplus pants 174 00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:15,400 Speaker 1: and hit the thrift shops for anything wool. My grandma 175 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:17,760 Speaker 1: used to work at the St. Vincent de Paul thrift 176 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:21,000 Speaker 1: store and she would collect wool sweaters, lambs, wool, v 177 00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:24,640 Speaker 1: next sweaters, anything for fifty to seventy five cents apiece, 178 00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:28,360 Speaker 1: and I hunted and guided in that stuff which was 179 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:31,480 Speaker 1: never meant to be outdoor clothing for a long time. 180 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:35,040 Speaker 1: If you truly have the desire to go, you'll figure 181 00:11:35,080 --> 00:11:37,559 Speaker 1: out how to make it happen. Just be safe when 182 00:11:37,600 --> 00:11:41,520 Speaker 1: you do realize the limitations of what you have. Those 183 00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:44,040 Speaker 1: inclement weather day is when you will get soaked to 184 00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:46,360 Speaker 1: the bone, stay in the tent or the lean to 185 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:49,520 Speaker 1: rip a big fire, and enjoy the lack of cell service. 186 00:11:50,040 --> 00:11:53,880 Speaker 1: By spending time outside, you'll develop a much better sense 187 00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:56,720 Speaker 1: of what you need to acquire or upgrade two to 188 00:11:56,840 --> 00:12:00,560 Speaker 1: eventually spend even more time in the woods. But don't 189 00:12:00,640 --> 00:12:04,760 Speaker 1: let a lack of what you perceive as necessary stuff 190 00:12:05,040 --> 00:12:08,600 Speaker 1: to keep you from going outside. Don't wait on the 191 00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:11,240 Speaker 1: perfect tent or the perfect pair of boots your scope. 192 00:12:11,679 --> 00:12:14,480 Speaker 1: You've got to get out there. There's no substitute for 193 00:12:14,600 --> 00:12:21,280 Speaker 1: time in the woods. Moving on to the otter desk Otters, 194 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:25,720 Speaker 1: the oceans, master of deception. Sure we've seen them all 195 00:12:25,760 --> 00:12:30,440 Speaker 1: looking cuddly and holding hands, maybe floating in a bathtub, juggling, 196 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:34,720 Speaker 1: befriending baby tigers, and cuddling in open water. In fact, 197 00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:37,760 Speaker 1: if I can Hold on a second, I'm gonna search 198 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:43,559 Speaker 1: cute otters on YouTube right now. Uh, look at that 199 00:12:43,600 --> 00:12:46,960 Speaker 1: little guy playing with beach ball. Darn that they got me. 200 00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:51,440 Speaker 1: They always do. But don't be fooled, folks. Otters are 201 00:12:51,720 --> 00:12:58,160 Speaker 1: killers like a tiny little jaws. Recently, the shores of 202 00:12:58,200 --> 00:13:02,680 Speaker 1: Simon's Town, False Bay, South Africa, have seen resident otters 203 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:07,080 Speaker 1: killing sharks to eat their very nutritious livers, hearts, and 204 00:13:07,160 --> 00:13:11,160 Speaker 1: male reproductive organs before discarding the rest of the carcass. 205 00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:14,200 Speaker 1: That's not the type of otter behavior that's going to 206 00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:17,959 Speaker 1: make a motivational poster in your kids classroom, now, isn't. 207 00:13:20,559 --> 00:13:23,520 Speaker 1: Local rangers were puzzled over the last few months when 208 00:13:23,520 --> 00:13:27,040 Speaker 1: the partially gutted remains of shy sharks continued to show 209 00:13:27,120 --> 00:13:31,720 Speaker 1: up on beaches, until they eventually spotted the slippery, furbearing 210 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:35,360 Speaker 1: predators doing the deed. According to local Falls Bay marine 211 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:40,120 Speaker 1: biologist Alison Coke, most people think of sharks only as predators, 212 00:13:40,120 --> 00:13:43,400 Speaker 1: but they are often prey to a variety of other animals. 213 00:13:43,920 --> 00:13:47,080 Speaker 1: Most sharks are not apex predators, but what we call 214 00:13:47,360 --> 00:13:51,360 Speaker 1: meso or middle predators. It's only the largest sharks like 215 00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:55,160 Speaker 1: great whites tigers and bulls, which we consider apex or 216 00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:59,160 Speaker 1: top order predators, and even these are prey for killer whales. 217 00:13:59,720 --> 00:14:02,640 Speaker 1: In False Bay and the surrounding regions, there have been 218 00:14:02,679 --> 00:14:05,800 Speaker 1: several cases of great white shark carcasses being found with 219 00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 1: their livers missing. Killer whales are believed to be responsible. 220 00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:14,319 Speaker 1: These cape clawless otters, the second largest freshwater species of otter, 221 00:14:14,679 --> 00:14:18,160 Speaker 1: weighing in on average between twelve and fifty pounds, with 222 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:21,280 Speaker 1: a few recorded up towards eighty pounds and five feet 223 00:14:21,320 --> 00:14:24,720 Speaker 1: in length, aren't quite big enough to take down jaws, 224 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:28,920 Speaker 1: but the abundant shy sharks or haplow blefarus are an 225 00:14:28,920 --> 00:14:33,080 Speaker 1: easier target. The name shy shark comes from a distinctive 226 00:14:33,080 --> 00:14:36,520 Speaker 1: defensive behavior in which the shark curls into a circle 227 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:39,960 Speaker 1: and covers its eyes with its tail. Who wins the 228 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:45,200 Speaker 1: cute award in this predator prey relationship. Now the reality 229 00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:49,120 Speaker 1: in this case and all others involving the Mustelid family 230 00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:53,440 Speaker 1: is otters or voracious predators. They use extremely sensitive whiskers 231 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:55,560 Speaker 1: as sensors in the water to pick up the movements 232 00:14:55,560 --> 00:14:59,280 Speaker 1: of potential prey like frogs, crabs, and when they're feeling 233 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:02,960 Speaker 1: more confident unt these sharks. Here's one more way to 234 00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:07,000 Speaker 1: think about it. If otters were bad at hunting, would 235 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:10,840 Speaker 1: there be so many videos of them just playing online? No. 236 00:15:11,560 --> 00:15:16,240 Speaker 1: Animals with free time earn it by being efficient predators. 237 00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 1: The natural predators of the otters, aside from humans, of course, 238 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:25,560 Speaker 1: are pythons, fish, eagles, and crocodiles. But I'd watch out 239 00:15:25,600 --> 00:15:28,840 Speaker 1: if I were them. That little juggling beach ball trick 240 00:15:28,920 --> 00:15:32,000 Speaker 1: you find otters doing on YouTube might lure you in, 241 00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:36,400 Speaker 1: but remember, by the time you realize he's actually juggling 242 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:44,840 Speaker 1: a bloody shark heart, it's gonna be too late. Next up, 243 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:49,040 Speaker 1: Royal Sturgeon, a story that has it all at king 244 00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:52,840 Speaker 1: his treasure and underwater mystery and a barrel filled with 245 00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:58,080 Speaker 1: a giant prehistoric fish. A Danish fleet sailed in the 246 00:15:58,160 --> 00:16:00,840 Speaker 1: name of King Hans and the Baltics see some five 247 00:16:00,960 --> 00:16:03,520 Speaker 1: hundred and thirty five years ago, when a one hundred 248 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:08,040 Speaker 1: and fifteen foot long ship named Gribbs Hunting caught fire 249 00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:10,400 Speaker 1: and sent sailors in their treasure to the bottom of 250 00:16:10,440 --> 00:16:14,280 Speaker 1: the sea. King Hans set sail from Copenhagen with his 251 00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:19,280 Speaker 1: fleet bound for Kalmar, Sweden in with a pile of 252 00:16:19,360 --> 00:16:22,920 Speaker 1: fancy stuff, meant to impress the Swedes and convince them 253 00:16:22,960 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: to join a Scandinavian union with Denmark and Norway. The 254 00:16:27,080 --> 00:16:29,840 Speaker 1: king made it to Sweden, but his favorite ship did not. 255 00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:34,400 Speaker 1: It burned. Five centuries passed before archaeologists learned of the 256 00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:37,840 Speaker 1: wreck of the gribbs Hunding in Swedish waters in two thousand. 257 00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:42,080 Speaker 1: In two thousand fifteen, the wreck garnered worldwide attention when 258 00:16:42,080 --> 00:16:47,920 Speaker 1: the almost perfectly preserved ships crocodilian like dog figurehead was 259 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:51,600 Speaker 1: brought to the surface. Over the next four years, divers 260 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:56,120 Speaker 1: pulled up some pretty cool stuff chain mail, crossbows, bones, 261 00:16:56,480 --> 00:17:01,000 Speaker 1: glass and cap stands, but nothing was years cool as 262 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:05,880 Speaker 1: the barrel found last year revealing a well preserved Atlantic sturgeon. 263 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:09,639 Speaker 1: The fish offers biologists a rare glimpse into what the 264 00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:14,720 Speaker 1: Baltic Sea looked like before modern human interference. Nowadays, Atlantic 265 00:17:14,760 --> 00:17:18,080 Speaker 1: sturgeon are classified as critically endangered by the i u 266 00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:21,280 Speaker 1: c N Red List of Threatened Species, as their numbers 267 00:17:21,359 --> 00:17:25,600 Speaker 1: have dwindled due to overfishing and habitat loss. Atlantic sturgeon 268 00:17:25,680 --> 00:17:28,640 Speaker 1: were prized for their eggs, which were valued as high 269 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:32,679 Speaker 1: quality caviar during the late eighteen hundreds, people flocked to 270 00:17:32,720 --> 00:17:36,200 Speaker 1: the east coast looking for this cavea. Folks even called 271 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:39,720 Speaker 1: it the Black gold Rush. Close to seven million pounds 272 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:42,879 Speaker 1: of sturgeon were reportedly caught in eighteen eighty seven, but 273 00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:46,159 Speaker 1: by nineteen o five the catch declined to only twenty 274 00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:49,600 Speaker 1: thousand pounds, and by nineteen eighty nine only four hundred 275 00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:53,680 Speaker 1: pounds of sturgeon were recorded. So was King Hans a 276 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:57,600 Speaker 1: caviare guy? Maybe he might have been carrying the fish 277 00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:01,200 Speaker 1: for food or Researchers at Lundon University believe it could 278 00:18:01,240 --> 00:18:05,000 Speaker 1: have been a propaganda tool, a sign of status heading 279 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:08,679 Speaker 1: to the negotiations, and even a possible gift for the 280 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:12,480 Speaker 1: Swedish region and court. Maybe King Hans was just a 281 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:17,480 Speaker 1: visual and literal person saying, hey, Sweden and Denmark and Union, 282 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,159 Speaker 1: that can't be beat. It'll be like shooting fish in 283 00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:23,520 Speaker 1: a barrel. Just look at my literal fish in a barrel. 284 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:27,240 Speaker 1: We may never know these things, but it's fun to guess. 285 00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:31,480 Speaker 1: Atlantic sturgeon are slow growing and late maturing, and have 286 00:18:31,560 --> 00:18:34,320 Speaker 1: been recorded to reach up to fourteen feet in length 287 00:18:34,480 --> 00:18:37,879 Speaker 1: and well beyond sixty years of age. Analysis of skull 288 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:40,800 Speaker 1: bones and scoots. The Army plating on these fish showed 289 00:18:40,800 --> 00:18:43,480 Speaker 1: that this fish measured about six and a half feet long. 290 00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:49,080 Speaker 1: Still more than of this underwater shipwreck remains unexplored. What 291 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:51,880 Speaker 1: else will they find? It doesn't matter, really, it won't 292 00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:57,080 Speaker 1: be as interesting as this fish in a barrel. Moving on, Peter, 293 00:18:57,640 --> 00:19:00,240 Speaker 1: the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals when a 294 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:04,119 Speaker 1: battle recently when Costco and other retailers agreed to stop 295 00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:08,120 Speaker 1: selling coconut milk and other coconut products sourced from certain 296 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:12,240 Speaker 1: suppliers from Thailand after PETA uncovered that the growers that 297 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:15,919 Speaker 1: were supplying the coconuts were using monkeys on leashes to 298 00:19:15,960 --> 00:19:19,160 Speaker 1: do the harvesting. We might have our differences with PETA, 299 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:22,159 Speaker 1: but we're all in full agreement that the suffering of 300 00:19:22,200 --> 00:19:25,159 Speaker 1: animals is a big deal and definitely not worth it 301 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:28,399 Speaker 1: for a dollarp of non dairy creamer or some cooking 302 00:19:28,440 --> 00:19:32,680 Speaker 1: oil approved by the Paleo diet. The monkeys are definitely 303 00:19:32,760 --> 00:19:35,840 Speaker 1: expert at accessing the coconuts, but if they don't get 304 00:19:35,840 --> 00:19:38,840 Speaker 1: paid and they don't get to keep the coconuts, that's 305 00:19:38,920 --> 00:19:42,600 Speaker 1: pretty unfair. Maybe we can look forward to an update 306 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:47,479 Speaker 1: to Upton Sinclair's classic expose of working conditions the jungle, 307 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:50,879 Speaker 1: and this time the title might make even more sense 308 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:54,640 Speaker 1: if you know the characters are animals. Before too long, 309 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:57,480 Speaker 1: there might be a whole range of animal labor unions. 310 00:19:57,880 --> 00:20:01,160 Speaker 1: The Damn Builders Local eight for the beavers, the two 311 00:20:01,240 --> 00:20:04,960 Speaker 1: forty two Sanitation Union for oysters and muscles filtering water, 312 00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:08,919 Speaker 1: and even those construction worker corals from the top of 313 00:20:08,920 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: the show might have some representation, provided they pay their dues. 314 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:21,960 Speaker 1: Of course, solidarity jokes aside show me economic benefit of housing, feeding, 315 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:27,240 Speaker 1: and cleaning up after monkeys over buying a ladder. Moving on, 316 00:20:27,600 --> 00:20:29,399 Speaker 1: We cover a lot of kinds of pollution here on 317 00:20:29,480 --> 00:20:32,120 Speaker 1: Col's weekend review, but here's a new one for US 318 00:20:32,760 --> 00:20:36,959 Speaker 1: light pollution. As humans build more cities town than suburbs, 319 00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:39,680 Speaker 1: the light from our buildings goes out in all directions, 320 00:20:40,080 --> 00:20:44,520 Speaker 1: and as we expand our illumination into habitat, animals have 321 00:20:44,680 --> 00:20:48,240 Speaker 1: to adjust to the light. But how exactly do they adjust? 322 00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:52,320 Speaker 1: A recently published study in the journal Ecography tells us 323 00:20:52,359 --> 00:20:56,960 Speaker 1: an amazing amount about this artificially lit nightlife. Scientists tracked 324 00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:59,640 Speaker 1: the behavior of pumas and mule deer across the Inner 325 00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:03,880 Speaker 1: Mountain West one seventeen pumas and four D eighty six 326 00:21:03,960 --> 00:21:07,680 Speaker 1: mule deer to be exact, all fitted with radio collars. 327 00:21:08,119 --> 00:21:11,879 Speaker 1: The scientists also scrutinized one thousand, five hundred and sixty 328 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:16,280 Speaker 1: two cash site locations, or places where mountain lions successfully 329 00:21:16,359 --> 00:21:20,200 Speaker 1: hid their deer. Mountain lions will often cash or store 330 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:23,440 Speaker 1: their kills and tidy little bundles covered in pine needles 331 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,560 Speaker 1: or brush. If you live in an urban area infested 332 00:21:26,600 --> 00:21:29,359 Speaker 1: with deer and you do, in fact have mountain lions 333 00:21:29,359 --> 00:21:32,160 Speaker 1: in your state, do little getting off the beaten path 334 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:35,520 Speaker 1: this winter and poke around. I've found a lot of 335 00:21:35,640 --> 00:21:39,520 Speaker 1: lion cashes within a quarter mile of housing developments. Those 336 00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:41,280 Speaker 1: cats got to go where the food is, you know. 337 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:46,480 Speaker 1: These scientists meanwhile also built a map using satellite imaging 338 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:50,439 Speaker 1: of all the human made light across Nevada, Utah, and 339 00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:55,160 Speaker 1: parts of California, Oregon, Idaho, Arizona, and New Mexico. This 340 00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:58,800 Speaker 1: is a particularly interesting zone because it contains both the 341 00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:02,680 Speaker 1: darkest places and United States, and also a significant number 342 00:22:02,720 --> 00:22:07,200 Speaker 1: of ever growing metropolises and countless suburbs. The scientists then 343 00:22:07,280 --> 00:22:11,199 Speaker 1: followed the colored animals across that map. So are the 344 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:13,919 Speaker 1: pumas and mule deer dancing together to the light of 345 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:21,280 Speaker 1: humanity's disco ball. No, but the effects of light pollution 346 00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:24,520 Speaker 1: are clear. Deer that lived in areas with more artificial 347 00:22:24,600 --> 00:22:28,359 Speaker 1: light moved away from their traditional crepuscular patterns, meaning that 348 00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:31,240 Speaker 1: they were more active both during the day and through 349 00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:34,480 Speaker 1: the night instead of sticking to more normal morning and 350 00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:38,639 Speaker 1: evening activity times. Pumas, like most cats, were a little 351 00:22:38,640 --> 00:22:41,560 Speaker 1: harder to pin down. The cats living in the brightest 352 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:45,040 Speaker 1: areas chose the darkest spots they could find to take 353 00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:49,000 Speaker 1: down their deer, possibly using those places as traps for 354 00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:52,000 Speaker 1: deer looking to get out of brighter places where they 355 00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:55,720 Speaker 1: were more exposed. But cats living in the low and 356 00:22:55,880 --> 00:22:59,480 Speaker 1: medium night light areas chose brighter spots for their kills, 357 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:03,600 Speaker 1: maybe because deer were drawn to those slightly lighter places 358 00:23:03,640 --> 00:23:07,399 Speaker 1: to forage, or perhaps it's that the brightest areas also 359 00:23:07,480 --> 00:23:10,479 Speaker 1: had the most human activity while the low and medium 360 00:23:10,600 --> 00:23:14,639 Speaker 1: night light areas had less. Scientists will continue to study 361 00:23:14,680 --> 00:23:17,880 Speaker 1: how our light changes the patterns of wildlife, but we've 362 00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:20,920 Speaker 1: probably got a while before any mule deer are going 363 00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:23,480 Speaker 1: to be doing the electric slide on the glowing dance floor, 364 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:28,359 Speaker 1: which is improbable, I'll admit, but it is at the 365 00:23:28,400 --> 00:23:31,800 Speaker 1: same time oddly feasible if you accept the fact that 366 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:35,240 Speaker 1: the amount of light we put out right now affects 367 00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:39,040 Speaker 1: animal behavior, So how will the amount of light we 368 00:23:39,119 --> 00:23:42,400 Speaker 1: put out in twenty years from now affect animal behavior? 369 00:23:43,080 --> 00:23:46,359 Speaker 1: If you interested, and I encourage you to be, check 370 00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:49,600 Speaker 1: out dark sky dot org for a list of ways 371 00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:54,920 Speaker 1: to make your home, street, town city a dark sky city. 372 00:23:55,920 --> 00:23:58,720 Speaker 1: Moving on to the desk that nobody wants to visit, 373 00:23:59,119 --> 00:24:03,120 Speaker 1: the dentist. No one likes to go to the dentist, 374 00:24:03,240 --> 00:24:06,240 Speaker 1: but any scientists worth her salt is always on the 375 00:24:06,280 --> 00:24:09,960 Speaker 1: lookout for a good idea, no matter the source. Dr 376 00:24:10,040 --> 00:24:14,320 Speaker 1: Pam Gill, a paleobiologist at the University of Bristol, is 377 00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,399 Speaker 1: just that kind of opportunist. When one of her co 378 00:24:17,600 --> 00:24:19,879 Speaker 1: workers turned up the lab with a gap in his 379 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:22,600 Speaker 1: smile and said that the missing tooth was being X 380 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:25,560 Speaker 1: rayed so that his dentist could learn more about his health, 381 00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:29,560 Speaker 1: Dr Gil had a flash of insight. Why not x 382 00:24:29,640 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 1: ray the teeth of the fossil lives rodents her lab 383 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:36,280 Speaker 1: was studying, And we're not talking any old fossil lives rodents. 384 00:24:36,320 --> 00:24:40,639 Speaker 1: Here we're talking two hundred million year old morganical codons, 385 00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:45,080 Speaker 1: possibly the world's first mammals. It turns out that the 386 00:24:45,119 --> 00:24:48,919 Speaker 1: teeth of these rodents growing annular rings like trees, and 387 00:24:48,960 --> 00:24:51,880 Speaker 1: so by shooting X rays at these ancient teeth, which 388 00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,040 Speaker 1: are no bigger than the head of a pin, Dr 389 00:24:54,119 --> 00:24:56,399 Speaker 1: Gil and her team were able to count those rings 390 00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:59,320 Speaker 1: and learn the age of these ancestors of today's mice 391 00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:03,880 Speaker 1: and voles. But they found surprised them. Modern rodents typically 392 00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:06,520 Speaker 1: don't live longer than two or three years. They have 393 00:25:06,720 --> 00:25:11,240 Speaker 1: very fast metabolisms, meaning their hearts beat fast, they breathe fast, 394 00:25:11,320 --> 00:25:14,240 Speaker 1: they move fast. This takes a toll on them and 395 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:17,399 Speaker 1: makes for a shorter lifespan. But after looking at the 396 00:25:17,440 --> 00:25:20,800 Speaker 1: scans of the two million year old rodent teeth, there 397 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:24,400 Speaker 1: were a shocking number of rings, in some cases as 398 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:28,240 Speaker 1: many as fourteen, suggesting that these rodents lived for much 399 00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:32,600 Speaker 1: much longer than their modern day and counterparts. Scientists think 400 00:25:32,680 --> 00:25:36,399 Speaker 1: that a slower pace of life was responsible for this lifespan. 401 00:25:37,040 --> 00:25:41,480 Speaker 1: These ancient mammals may have lived more like reptiles, conserving 402 00:25:41,520 --> 00:25:44,720 Speaker 1: their energy and so managing to stick around for much 403 00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:48,920 Speaker 1: longer sounds like what was good advice for early mammals 404 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:53,200 Speaker 1: is good advice for contemporary mammals. Take it easy and 405 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:59,440 Speaker 1: avoid the dentist. You'll live longer. Ah. That's all I've 406 00:25:59,480 --> 00:26:02,000 Speaker 1: got for you this week. Thanks so much for listening, 407 00:26:02,280 --> 00:26:04,919 Speaker 1: and as per usual, let me know what's happening in 408 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,359 Speaker 1: your neck of the woods by writing in to a 409 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:10,960 Speaker 1: s k C. A l Let's ask Cal at the 410 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:14,400 Speaker 1: meat Eater dot com. Thanks for listening and I'll talk 411 00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:15,160 Speaker 1: to you next week.