1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,440 Speaker 1: Now here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on 2 00:00:03,560 --> 00:00:06,920 Speaker 1: iHeart Radio, and welcome back to Coast to Coast George 3 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:09,280 Speaker 1: Nori with you. Ralph ellis back with us. Trained in 4 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:13,840 Speaker 1: mineral surveying, but became a computer analyst. He then retrained 5 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:18,120 Speaker 1: himself as a flying instructor and airline captain. Ralph has 6 00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:21,640 Speaker 1: been exploring biblical and natural history for more than forty years, 7 00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:25,439 Speaker 1: has written at least fourteen books on many of these subjects. 8 00:00:25,440 --> 00:00:29,320 Speaker 1: He has also written and influenced peer reviewed paper on 9 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:32,440 Speaker 1: climate change. Ralph, welcome to the show. Good to have 10 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:36,600 Speaker 1: you with us, Good to be with you, George. Yeah, 11 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:39,519 Speaker 1: and it's good morning over him. Absolutely. I gotta tell 12 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:43,000 Speaker 1: you my twenty one year old granddaughter has her commercial 13 00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:46,800 Speaker 1: pilot's license and has been offered a job by United 14 00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:49,199 Speaker 1: when she gets her thousand hours, of which he's got 15 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: about four hundred. Now, isn't that something twenty one years old? Yeah? Yeah, 16 00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:55,880 Speaker 1: Well you've got to start at some age, but that 17 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:57,840 Speaker 1: will be great if you can get into the majors. 18 00:00:58,400 --> 00:01:01,520 Speaker 1: I was in the smaller airlines, you might say, and 19 00:01:01,560 --> 00:01:06,200 Speaker 1: it was less stable. Did you have fun? Ah? Yeah, 20 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:09,039 Speaker 1: we had fun. Although aviation has changed a great deal 21 00:01:09,120 --> 00:01:12,240 Speaker 1: in the forty years that I was associated with it, 22 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:15,280 Speaker 1: so it's a very different animal. Now I'm convince Ralph 23 00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:18,280 Speaker 1: that the solar system through the Sun is heating up. 24 00:01:18,319 --> 00:01:22,800 Speaker 1: What do you think of that? The TSI they call it, 25 00:01:22,840 --> 00:01:27,440 Speaker 1: the total Solar index has not changed. So the total 26 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:32,399 Speaker 1: amount of energy from the Sun never changes within plus 27 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:35,680 Speaker 1: or minus half a percent. The only thing that really changes, 28 00:01:35,880 --> 00:01:39,839 Speaker 1: which is still being investigated, but not by many people, 29 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:42,120 Speaker 1: only by friends Mark, I think is the name of 30 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:47,680 Speaker 1: the guy, is the magnetic flux from the Sun. Now 31 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:50,440 Speaker 1: that does change quite a bit, and there are some 32 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:55,600 Speaker 1: people investigating to see whether the magnetic flux will actually change. 33 00:01:55,720 --> 00:01:59,000 Speaker 1: Whether that's like on the Earth, what's going on with 34 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:05,960 Speaker 1: the other star about ice ages, meltings and things like that. Well, yes, 35 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,600 Speaker 1: if you want to talk about modern climate, yeah, there 36 00:02:09,720 --> 00:02:12,680 Speaker 1: is no evidence that CO two is causing that, and 37 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:17,519 Speaker 1: that's something they don't talk about very much. And we 38 00:02:17,919 --> 00:02:20,920 Speaker 1: have an idea that CO two is not necessarily the 39 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:24,800 Speaker 1: controlling agent a because of my peer review paper that 40 00:02:24,880 --> 00:02:30,000 Speaker 1: I wrote, Modulation of Ice ages by dust An Albedo. 41 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:34,640 Speaker 1: Now that's concerned with ice ages in the past. But 42 00:02:35,160 --> 00:02:37,840 Speaker 1: you know what, happens in the past might reflect on 43 00:02:37,880 --> 00:02:42,920 Speaker 1: the future on you current warming, and we sort of 44 00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:47,200 Speaker 1: know that CO two is not involved because the troposphere 45 00:02:47,360 --> 00:02:51,680 Speaker 1: is not warming now. When they started this CO two 46 00:02:52,040 --> 00:02:56,480 Speaker 1: greenhouse warming business, they predicted that the tropical troposphere that's 47 00:02:56,560 --> 00:02:59,560 Speaker 1: from you know, five hundred foot up to thirty thousand 48 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:04,480 Speaker 1: foot in the atmosphere, that would warm, because that is 49 00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:09,000 Speaker 1: the very basis of the greenhouse warming effect, is a 50 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:13,400 Speaker 1: warmer troposphere. Now that has never really happened to the 51 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: extent that they said it would, and therefore we can 52 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,000 Speaker 1: be fairly sure that it's not CO two that's causing 53 00:03:20,040 --> 00:03:23,600 Speaker 1: the warming. How many trackable ice ages have we had 54 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:27,440 Speaker 1: ralph on this planet. We've had about eight of the 55 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:32,520 Speaker 1: major ones, so from eight hundred thousand years ago is 56 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:36,000 Speaker 1: when these big ice ages started, and we've had eight. 57 00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:39,720 Speaker 1: So they last for about one hundred thousand years, so 58 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:43,240 Speaker 1: we get about ninety thousand years of cooling and then 59 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:46,600 Speaker 1: ten thousand years of warming, which is known as an interglacial. 60 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: And we are in an interglacial now, it's known as 61 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:54,880 Speaker 1: the Holocene, and it's been going on for about about 62 00:03:54,880 --> 00:04:00,680 Speaker 1: fifteen thousand years or so. Why are they so cyclical. Ralph, Well, 63 00:04:00,800 --> 00:04:03,120 Speaker 1: that's a very good question that this is why I 64 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,880 Speaker 1: got involved in this actually is because nobody has explained 65 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:12,200 Speaker 1: why these ice ages actually occur. We know it's something 66 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:16,040 Speaker 1: to do with orbital cycles, because these orbital cycles can 67 00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:19,599 Speaker 1: change the amount of sunlight, the strength of the sunlight 68 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:24,960 Speaker 1: hitting the northern and southern latitudes high latitudes, so you know, 69 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:29,160 Speaker 1: up in Canada sort of thing, and by a significant amount, 70 00:04:29,200 --> 00:04:32,719 Speaker 1: you know, twenty five thirty percent. You know, it's quite 71 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:36,680 Speaker 1: a large increase in strength of the sun during one 72 00:04:36,720 --> 00:04:40,320 Speaker 1: of these peaks in the cycle. It's a twenty two 73 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:44,359 Speaker 1: thousand year cycle. So we've known it's something to do 74 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:48,080 Speaker 1: with that for quite some time. But there is a 75 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:52,560 Speaker 1: problem which was never explained until my peer review paper 76 00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:56,880 Speaker 1: on this, in that many of these peaks in this 77 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:03,919 Speaker 1: strength of sunlight orbital cycles do not cause any warming. 78 00:05:04,720 --> 00:05:07,919 Speaker 1: Now that's odd because you have a cycle and the 79 00:05:08,080 --> 00:05:12,839 Speaker 1: only acts once in every four or five times do 80 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:16,920 Speaker 1: you actually get an interclacial And that's very difficult to explain, 81 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:19,880 Speaker 1: and it was never explained previously when they were trying 82 00:05:19,920 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: to use CO two as the feedback agent that was 83 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:31,240 Speaker 1: actually controlling and assisting in interclacials. So and my idea, 84 00:05:31,279 --> 00:05:33,920 Speaker 1: of course, has nothing to do with COO two. It 85 00:05:33,960 --> 00:05:37,040 Speaker 1: has to do with dust on ice sheets, and we 86 00:05:37,080 --> 00:05:39,400 Speaker 1: have an ice age. When we have an ice age, Ralph, 87 00:05:39,480 --> 00:05:42,440 Speaker 1: what's the definition of that, I mean, what happens during 88 00:05:42,480 --> 00:05:49,040 Speaker 1: an ice age? Well, the polar regions will cool by 89 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:53,320 Speaker 1: up to fourteen degrees centigrade, so what's that is about 90 00:05:53,360 --> 00:05:59,880 Speaker 1: twenty eight fahrenheit or something, and both poles will cool. 91 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:04,200 Speaker 1: The tropics don't. The tropics will only go in fahrenheit terms. 92 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:08,840 Speaker 1: They will reduce by about four or five degrees in fahrenheit. 93 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:12,159 Speaker 1: But the poles really cooled down over a long, long 94 00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:17,680 Speaker 1: period of time, ninety thousand years. They're cooling, and you 95 00:06:17,760 --> 00:06:20,159 Speaker 1: get these great ice sheets which come down almost to 96 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:24,599 Speaker 1: sort of New York Ish, that sort of far south, 97 00:06:25,200 --> 00:06:27,560 Speaker 1: and so it's a very very different climate. And then 98 00:06:27,600 --> 00:06:31,560 Speaker 1: suddenly all of that ice disappears. Within five thousand years, 99 00:06:31,920 --> 00:06:35,880 Speaker 1: all of that ice will melt. So it's an incredibly fast, 100 00:06:36,640 --> 00:06:42,479 Speaker 1: very intensive process. So we have to be looking for 101 00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:46,800 Speaker 1: a feedback agent that is very very powerful. And that's 102 00:06:46,839 --> 00:06:50,160 Speaker 1: what CO two never explained. It's just simply not powerful 103 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:53,880 Speaker 1: enough to actually do that. Now, have we had ice 104 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:58,040 Speaker 1: ages where there were humans around or not. Yeah, humans 105 00:06:58,040 --> 00:06:59,760 Speaker 1: are around, that's for sure. We've been around for a 106 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:04,400 Speaker 1: million years or so, that is what's currently thought. Obviously 107 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:08,839 Speaker 1: we didn't live that far north because of the ice sheets. 108 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:12,680 Speaker 1: And we're going to talk about megaliths later on. The 109 00:07:13,080 --> 00:07:18,680 Speaker 1: major megaliths in England, Stonehenge and Avebury are just about 110 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:22,360 Speaker 1: clear of the ice sheets. So the ice sheets came 111 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:24,600 Speaker 1: down to about where I am. I suppose down to 112 00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: Chester Liverpool sort of way Manchester, that sort of far south, 113 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:35,840 Speaker 1: and then they stopped at that point. So yeah, I 114 00:07:35,840 --> 00:07:38,520 Speaker 1: don't think England would have been a very satisfactory place 115 00:07:38,560 --> 00:07:41,720 Speaker 1: to live really during the ice age, but certainly France 116 00:07:41,760 --> 00:07:44,160 Speaker 1: and Spain and places like that, no problem at all. 117 00:07:44,200 --> 00:07:47,240 Speaker 1: It would have been very balmy and nice. We had 118 00:07:47,240 --> 00:07:50,160 Speaker 1: a guest who was past Don Ralph, who has written 119 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:53,880 Speaker 1: books about coming ice ages. He believes we're in one 120 00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 1: now starting. But the cover of his book, which was 121 00:07:57,160 --> 00:08:01,920 Speaker 1: not by fire but by ice, was the picture of 122 00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:06,120 Speaker 1: a city with tall skyscrapers and he had the ice 123 00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:09,600 Speaker 1: up to the top of the skyscraper. Will it get 124 00:08:09,640 --> 00:08:15,880 Speaker 1: that high? Oh? Yeah? The ice sheets were three kilometers. Oh, 125 00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:20,640 Speaker 1: my god, ten thousand foot huge. Oh yeah, over Canada. 126 00:08:20,680 --> 00:08:22,520 Speaker 1: I mean, that's a lot of ice. That's why it 127 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:25,600 Speaker 1: caused such a change in the climate and a change 128 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: in the sea levels. The sea levels went down by 129 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:30,680 Speaker 1: one hundred and fifty meters. What's that. That's sort of 130 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:34,920 Speaker 1: like four hundred and fifty foot or something. So yeah, 131 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:40,679 Speaker 1: it made huge, great changes, and yes, that you would 132 00:08:40,679 --> 00:08:44,480 Speaker 1: get at that amount of ice. Now, looking forward to 133 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:49,480 Speaker 1: the next ice age, we're in a benign era in 134 00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:54,680 Speaker 1: these orbital cycles, so they fluctuate and they change depending 135 00:08:54,720 --> 00:08:58,000 Speaker 1: on the eccentricity of the orbit of the Earth, and 136 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:01,880 Speaker 1: for the next fifty thousand years or seventy thousand years, 137 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:06,880 Speaker 1: we're in a period when we don't have very big fluctuations, 138 00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:10,680 Speaker 1: and so to get an ice age you need what 139 00:09:10,720 --> 00:09:13,880 Speaker 1: I call a great winter. So we have great summers 140 00:09:13,880 --> 00:09:16,640 Speaker 1: and great winters, and they act very much like a 141 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:21,280 Speaker 1: normal summer and winter, except they last twenty two thousand years. 142 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:24,960 Speaker 1: And the next great winter, which we're just going into now, 143 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:29,760 Speaker 1: is very mild. I would say we're almost at the 144 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:32,800 Speaker 1: bottom of it, so it's not a very deep great winter, 145 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:36,360 Speaker 1: and so I don't know if it's cool enough to 146 00:09:36,520 --> 00:09:39,920 Speaker 1: actually force another ice age. And the other thing is, 147 00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:43,200 Speaker 1: of course, with my paper that I've written, we know 148 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,320 Speaker 1: exactly how to overcome an ice age. Now we can 149 00:09:47,400 --> 00:09:51,199 Speaker 1: actually with our technology, we can overcome them and prevent 150 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:53,760 Speaker 1: the next ice an. I now, some regions in the 151 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:57,560 Speaker 1: United States have had a very mild winter so far. 152 00:09:57,720 --> 00:10:01,520 Speaker 1: I mean in Saint Louis in the Midwest, as temperatures 153 00:10:01,520 --> 00:10:05,000 Speaker 1: of sixty seventy degrees, have had quite a quite a 154 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:08,400 Speaker 1: deep winter, an awful lot of snow in California, which 155 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:12,719 Speaker 1: they've not had for the like tex Exactly. Why does 156 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:16,400 Speaker 1: it fluctuate like that? Oh, it always has if you 157 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:19,680 Speaker 1: look at the climate for places like California. This is 158 00:10:19,679 --> 00:10:22,400 Speaker 1: what I don't like about climate science is they don't 159 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:28,280 Speaker 1: tell you about the history of the climate. California has 160 00:10:28,320 --> 00:10:32,000 Speaker 1: had droughts and floods, you know, it's like Australia. It's 161 00:10:32,040 --> 00:10:34,000 Speaker 1: a land of droughts and floods, and it's been doing 162 00:10:34,040 --> 00:10:37,520 Speaker 1: that for hundreds of years. One of the good guys 163 00:10:37,559 --> 00:10:40,240 Speaker 1: who points all of this out is Tony Heller. If 164 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:42,720 Speaker 1: you look up on his site, and he likes going 165 00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:45,880 Speaker 1: into the past and digging into the past and saying, 166 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:49,080 Speaker 1: actually this happened a hundred years ago. This happened one 167 00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:53,360 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty years ago. These climate events which they 168 00:10:53,440 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 1: like to blame on, you know, CO two and global warming, 169 00:10:57,640 --> 00:11:02,120 Speaker 1: have happened in the past. There are some truths with 170 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:05,520 Speaker 1: which they're not telling you. The big one in America 171 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:11,400 Speaker 1: is that tornadoes in America, the number of strong tornadoes 172 00:11:11,559 --> 00:11:15,319 Speaker 1: F three to F five tornadoes has been going down, 173 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:22,000 Speaker 1: decreasing for seventy years. Wow, And they won't tell you that. 174 00:11:22,040 --> 00:11:23,880 Speaker 1: But that's that's standard data. You've only got to go 175 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:30,840 Speaker 1: onto the NOAH website, NAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 176 00:11:31,280 --> 00:11:35,880 Speaker 1: Administration or something administration, go onto their site, or just 177 00:11:35,960 --> 00:11:40,840 Speaker 1: do an image search, you know, for the graph strong tornadoes. 178 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:44,120 Speaker 1: Look it up, and they have been going down for 179 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:46,600 Speaker 1: seventy years. The other one they won't tell you about 180 00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:53,720 Speaker 1: is that hurricanes tropical cyclones in general have been going 181 00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:58,199 Speaker 1: down for one hundred and twenty years. They've been decreasing. 182 00:11:58,440 --> 00:12:03,240 Speaker 1: Are the ones that are around film big. Yeah, there's 183 00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:06,080 Speaker 1: been slight changes in the size of them. But there 184 00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:08,559 Speaker 1: are two sites you can go on to check this data. 185 00:12:08,679 --> 00:12:13,560 Speaker 1: One is doctor Ryan mao Ue I think it's spelt 186 00:12:13,679 --> 00:12:17,120 Speaker 1: and he does the satellite data, So that's from nineteen 187 00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:23,440 Speaker 1: seventy six or something and it's remained static since that time. 188 00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:26,800 Speaker 1: And then the other one is a paper. It's a 189 00:12:26,880 --> 00:12:31,000 Speaker 1: recent paper. It came out in just late last year, 190 00:12:31,040 --> 00:12:39,320 Speaker 1: I think, and that's by chand at Ol decreasing decreasing 191 00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:45,280 Speaker 1: hurricane frequency during global warming or something it's called, and 192 00:12:45,520 --> 00:12:51,040 Speaker 1: that measures. It's got a graph there of tropical site 193 00:12:51,040 --> 00:12:56,840 Speaker 1: clones from about eighteen eighteen fifty or something and it's 194 00:12:56,880 --> 00:12:59,680 Speaker 1: been going down ever since that time. So when they're 195 00:12:59,679 --> 00:13:04,320 Speaker 1: talking about, you know, hurricanes are getting worse, tornadoes are 196 00:13:04,360 --> 00:13:08,719 Speaker 1: getting worse, that is completely not true. And you can 197 00:13:08,760 --> 00:13:11,280 Speaker 1: look up the data yourself and see that they are 198 00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:16,160 Speaker 1: lying to you. And if if they're only cherry picking 199 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:19,200 Speaker 1: data or giving you the wrong data, that is no 200 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:25,120 Speaker 1: longer science. That is politics basically, and that's what they're playing. Well, 201 00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:27,640 Speaker 1: what can't you into interest with the ice age in 202 00:13:27,720 --> 00:13:32,000 Speaker 1: climate change? Well is mainly because you know, I'm a 203 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:35,439 Speaker 1: I'm a truth seeker. I'm My normal job in this 204 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:40,600 Speaker 1: regard is looking at the historicity of biblical texts, which 205 00:13:40,640 --> 00:13:43,880 Speaker 1: I've been very successful at. I've written twelve books on that. 206 00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:48,640 Speaker 1: I think you know, finding the biblical characters in the 207 00:13:48,720 --> 00:13:52,360 Speaker 1: historical records. So it's a search for the truth. And 208 00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:55,040 Speaker 1: I've always been interested in climate because I mean, that's 209 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:56,880 Speaker 1: been a part of my job. I've been a pilot 210 00:13:56,880 --> 00:14:01,920 Speaker 1: for forty years. We searched the weather and the climate 211 00:14:02,080 --> 00:14:06,079 Speaker 1: every time you go into work, basically, and I came 212 00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 1: across just by accident, you know, this site that was 213 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:13,680 Speaker 1: talking about ice ages, and they didn't know how ice 214 00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:18,280 Speaker 1: ages worked. This was, you know, ten years ago or so. 215 00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:21,800 Speaker 1: The paper was written six years ago, and I couldn't 216 00:14:21,840 --> 00:14:25,440 Speaker 1: believe that in the twenty first century nobody knew how 217 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:29,640 Speaker 1: ice ages worked, how they were controlled, because it was 218 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:34,080 Speaker 1: quite apparent that CO two was not responsible. There's a 219 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:38,120 Speaker 1: little thing about ice ages that is kept very quiet 220 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:44,920 Speaker 1: when because they say that CO two is the feedback agent. 221 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:50,200 Speaker 1: Of course, so when CO two is high during ice ages, 222 00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:54,840 Speaker 1: the world cools, and when CO two is low, the 223 00:14:55,000 --> 00:15:00,640 Speaker 1: world warms. It's a contrarian response because of course we're 224 00:15:00,680 --> 00:15:05,480 Speaker 1: told that CO two is the primary feedback controlling temperature, 225 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:09,640 Speaker 1: and yet during the ice ages the temperature does the 226 00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:13,520 Speaker 1: complete opposite. Are there some areas on the planets, Ralph 227 00:15:13,640 --> 00:15:17,240 Speaker 1: that will escape in ice age, or does the entire 228 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:21,800 Speaker 1: planet get hit everything apart from the tropics. The tropics 229 00:15:21,840 --> 00:15:25,760 Speaker 1: doesn't change much at all, but North and South are 230 00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:29,160 Speaker 1: both hit by the ice age. It gets cold in 231 00:15:29,360 --> 00:15:33,840 Speaker 1: both ends of the planet. But the other oddity is 232 00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:41,120 Speaker 1: that all of the interglacials are northern hemisphere interglacials, so 233 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:46,160 Speaker 1: these orbital cycles they are equal and opposite. So you 234 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:48,760 Speaker 1: get a cycle in the north and then a cycle 235 00:15:48,800 --> 00:15:54,880 Speaker 1: in the south, but all of the interglacials are associated 236 00:15:54,920 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 1: with northern cycles. And again that would not happen. If 237 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:04,560 Speaker 1: two was the feedback agent, you would get them on 238 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:08,920 Speaker 1: either North or south orbital cycles, but we don't. We 239 00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:12,080 Speaker 1: only get them in the north. And again CO two 240 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:15,760 Speaker 1: not would not do that. So you have to have 241 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:21,520 Speaker 1: a different feedback agent. And my feedback agent is dust, 242 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:27,880 Speaker 1: not CO two. And that's interesting because it has implications 243 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:31,160 Speaker 1: for modern climate. You know, if CO two is not 244 00:16:31,320 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 1: the major operators during ice ages, then perhaps it's not 245 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:40,840 Speaker 1: the major operator during the modern climate. Did the c 246 00:16:41,040 --> 00:16:45,000 Speaker 1: O two levels during the dinosaur era excel or exceed 247 00:16:45,120 --> 00:16:48,960 Speaker 1: what we have today? Oh yes, yeah, During the Jurassic 248 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:53,600 Speaker 1: and Cretaceous they were six times higher than now. So 249 00:16:53,720 --> 00:16:58,520 Speaker 1: we didn't have any factories and plants in those days. Yeah, yeah, 250 00:16:58,560 --> 00:17:01,359 Speaker 1: we didn't have any of that. But also the biosphere 251 00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:05,640 Speaker 1: was fine. You know, you have the Gretta the Gremlin 252 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:09,400 Speaker 1: with their tales of doom. You know, if CO two 253 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:14,119 Speaker 1: goes above a certain level, every everything on Earth will die. Well, sorry, 254 00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:18,040 Speaker 1: during the Jurassic Era and the Cretaceous, CO two was 255 00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 1: six times higher and the biosphere thrived because CO two 256 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:28,600 Speaker 1: is plant food. Of course plants love it. Without CO two, 257 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:32,400 Speaker 1: all life on Earth will die. It's gone. We will 258 00:17:32,440 --> 00:17:34,679 Speaker 1: come to that with the ice ages. But during the 259 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:40,679 Speaker 1: Jurassic era that you know, the enormous size of dinosaurs 260 00:17:40,960 --> 00:17:46,480 Speaker 1: was only caused by extra CO two. What would you know, 261 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:51,720 Speaker 1: what would you do with four billion people who lived 262 00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:56,560 Speaker 1: in an ice age area when this is happening. You 263 00:17:56,960 --> 00:18:00,679 Speaker 1: will evacuate them, yeah you would. And you couldn't live 264 00:18:00,760 --> 00:18:04,120 Speaker 1: up in the north, not with three kilometers of ice 265 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:07,760 Speaker 1: on top of the continents, so everyone would have to 266 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:12,640 Speaker 1: retreat down to the tropical regions. And how long would 267 00:18:12,640 --> 00:18:16,680 Speaker 1: it take to melt? How long would all that ice melt? 268 00:18:16,720 --> 00:18:20,720 Speaker 1: How long? Well, it took ninety thousand years to build 269 00:18:20,960 --> 00:18:23,920 Speaker 1: in the last ice age and only five thousand years 270 00:18:23,960 --> 00:18:26,800 Speaker 1: to get rid of it, then Melt's pretty darn fast. 271 00:18:27,160 --> 00:18:30,400 Speaker 1: Listen to more Coast to Coast AM every weeknight at 272 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:33,399 Speaker 1: one am Eastern, and go to Coast to Coast am 273 00:18:33,480 --> 00:18:34,480 Speaker 1: dot com for more