1 00:00:09,520 --> 00:00:14,080 Speaker 1: Horror. Can I ask you a hypothetical question? I'm not 2 00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:17,599 Speaker 1: a big fan of speculation. Well, my question is, what 3 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:21,400 Speaker 1: if you liked hypothetical questions? Isn't that a hypothetical question 4 00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:26,400 Speaker 1: in itself? That's right, exactly, it's a hypo hypothetical question. 5 00:00:26,520 --> 00:00:29,000 Speaker 1: In that case, I guess I would be very happy 6 00:00:29,080 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: right now if I like hypothetical questions. In that universe 7 00:00:32,840 --> 00:00:35,839 Speaker 1: in which you do like hypothetical questions, I've got one 8 00:00:35,880 --> 00:00:40,279 Speaker 1: for you, all right, I am hypothetically excited. So do 9 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:45,000 Speaker 1: you worry about dramatic ways that the world might hypothetically end? 10 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:47,519 Speaker 1: I think I worry about any kind of way that 11 00:00:47,560 --> 00:00:51,720 Speaker 1: the world might end, both the dramatic and the documentary. 12 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:55,040 Speaker 1: You mean in the actually hurtling down the road from 13 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:57,960 Speaker 1: to us from the future sort of imminent disasters that 14 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:01,320 Speaker 1: we're ignoring mostly because the are inconvenient. Well, what do 15 00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: you mean by dramatic? Like A like a like if 16 00:01:03,520 --> 00:01:06,240 Speaker 1: the world turned into a giant banana or something that 17 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:08,480 Speaker 1: would be dramatic. But I hadn't mind things like, you know, 18 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:11,679 Speaker 1: getting zapped by an alien ray, or maybe the whole 19 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:15,559 Speaker 1: planet falling into a wormhole, or maybe getting smashed into 20 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:19,559 Speaker 1: some rogue asteroid or comment. Oh man, well, I wasn't 21 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:24,679 Speaker 1: worried before, but I am now. Well, be sure these 22 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:27,440 Speaker 1: are just hypothetical questions, and so all your worries are 23 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:32,280 Speaker 1: also hypothetical. I am hypothetically terrified. Well, let me hypothetically 24 00:01:32,319 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: reassure you you probably should worry about all that stuff. Hi. 25 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:54,800 Speaker 1: I'm Daniel. I'm a particle physicist. And I'm Jorge. I'm 26 00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:59,320 Speaker 1: a physical cartoonist and the creator of PhD Comms. And 27 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:03,040 Speaker 1: this is our podcast, Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe, 28 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:06,240 Speaker 1: a production of My Heart Radio which we try to 29 00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:08,560 Speaker 1: take you on a trip out into the universe to 30 00:02:08,639 --> 00:02:13,800 Speaker 1: explore all of the amazing and incredible and potentially universe 31 00:02:13,919 --> 00:02:16,320 Speaker 1: and earth ending things that can happen. That's right. We 32 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:20,320 Speaker 1: explore the real, we explore the conceptual, We explore the hypothetical, 33 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:24,160 Speaker 1: the universe in which Daniel starts the podcast instead of Joge. 34 00:02:24,320 --> 00:02:26,320 Speaker 1: I wonder if people are a little bit freaked up 35 00:02:26,360 --> 00:02:31,280 Speaker 1: by that. Listeners, you are in that universe. This is 36 00:02:31,360 --> 00:02:34,160 Speaker 1: this is a hypothetical podcast right now. Now, we love 37 00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:36,160 Speaker 1: to talk about things that happened in the universe, Things 38 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:39,640 Speaker 1: we understand, things we don't understand, but we've noticed in 39 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:42,520 Speaker 1: our emails that we've been getting a lot of hypothetical 40 00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:45,720 Speaker 1: questions like what would happen if? And so today on 41 00:02:45,800 --> 00:02:49,840 Speaker 1: the podcast, we'll be talking about one very dramatic question 42 00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:53,320 Speaker 1: that people have been writing in about today's topic is 43 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:02,560 Speaker 1: what would happen if the Sun became a black hole? 44 00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:06,640 Speaker 1: We need some dramatic music there. Not a white hole, 45 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:10,120 Speaker 1: not a rose hole, not something else entirely, but the 46 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: sun became a black hole. And I think this is 47 00:03:12,639 --> 00:03:16,040 Speaker 1: a fascinating question because I think people are intrigued by 48 00:03:16,040 --> 00:03:18,600 Speaker 1: the concept of black holes, but they also find them 49 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:23,280 Speaker 1: mysterious and dangerous, you know, And so they're dangerous. I 50 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:25,880 Speaker 1: think the blackness of it, and you know, the mystery 51 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: of it makes it a little scary. Yeah, And the 52 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:31,840 Speaker 1: the idea that, you know, we're comfortable here on Earth, 53 00:03:32,240 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 1: but we live in a tiny little shell of gas 54 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:38,120 Speaker 1: on the crust, you know, on this cool crust floating 55 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:42,600 Speaker 1: above Magna, in a crazy, dramatic, powerful universe that could 56 00:03:42,640 --> 00:03:46,200 Speaker 1: snuff us out in a moment without even noticing or caring. 57 00:03:46,720 --> 00:03:49,400 Speaker 1: And so I think maybe this question reflects people's like 58 00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: feeling that our life on this planet is precarious, right, 59 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:55,440 Speaker 1: that there's things out there that are incredibly powerful and 60 00:03:55,560 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 1: dangerous and uh, you know, and they wonder like could 61 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:01,120 Speaker 1: these things happen to us? Are most of the questions 62 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:05,200 Speaker 1: we get hypothetically about, uh, the end of the world 63 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 1: and things like this. No, No, most of them are, hey, 64 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,720 Speaker 1: can you explain this? Or you said this on the 65 00:04:10,760 --> 00:04:13,720 Speaker 1: podcast and I didn't understand, um, And I'm happy to 66 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:16,599 Speaker 1: answer those questions. But sometimes they are a bit more dramatic, 67 00:04:16,760 --> 00:04:19,760 Speaker 1: and hey, maybe these are just questions from script writers 68 00:04:19,800 --> 00:04:23,240 Speaker 1: working out their ideas, you know, um, and it's so 69 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:26,479 Speaker 1: awesome send us your ideas. We love to dig into them. 70 00:04:26,560 --> 00:04:30,039 Speaker 1: But this one is not a crazy question, right, because 71 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:33,120 Speaker 1: I think maybe a lot of people know about black holes, 72 00:04:33,200 --> 00:04:36,120 Speaker 1: and maybe a lot of people have heard that black 73 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:40,320 Speaker 1: holes come from stars, right from suns, that's right, Yeah, 74 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: I mean the end a black hole is just a 75 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:45,400 Speaker 1: really a dense clump of mass, dense enough so that 76 00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:48,080 Speaker 1: even light cannot escape. And you know, stars are also 77 00:04:48,200 --> 00:04:50,800 Speaker 1: dense clumps of mass, and you're right, end point of 78 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: a life of some stars is a black hole. And 79 00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:56,680 Speaker 1: so I wouldn't say it's not a crazy question, but 80 00:04:56,760 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: it's it's not a super crazy question. Yeah, absolutely, there's 81 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:03,400 Speaker 1: some some reason to that. We'll dig into that. But 82 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:07,360 Speaker 1: before before we do, I thought, let's see if this 83 00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:10,000 Speaker 1: is something people wonder about. If this people worry about, 84 00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:13,760 Speaker 1: what do people think would happen if the sun became 85 00:05:13,800 --> 00:05:16,800 Speaker 1: a black hole? And so I walked around on the 86 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:19,279 Speaker 1: streets and these questions. I did not ask of people 87 00:05:19,279 --> 00:05:21,280 Speaker 1: that you see Irvine, because I was out of town 88 00:05:21,279 --> 00:05:24,719 Speaker 1: for the summer. But it's a rather international crowd. Folks 89 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:29,440 Speaker 1: in Heathrow Airport, folks on the streets, important Portugal folks anywhere. 90 00:05:29,480 --> 00:05:32,440 Speaker 1: I found them speaking English, and we're willing to answer questions. 91 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:35,080 Speaker 1: Are you serious? Really? Yes, absolutely you were. This is 92 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:38,320 Speaker 1: our our international plot. That's right. I'm probably breaking all 93 00:05:38,360 --> 00:05:42,960 Speaker 1: sorts of international laws about recording people. But you know, 94 00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:47,159 Speaker 1: for you listen release for you'll hear a variety of 95 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:50,240 Speaker 1: accents and a variety of ideas. Awesome, So think about 96 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:52,800 Speaker 1: it for a second. Well, what do you think would 97 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:56,120 Speaker 1: happen if the sun, if our sun, our lovely, bright, 98 00:05:56,200 --> 00:05:58,800 Speaker 1: beautiful sun, became a black hole? What do you think 99 00:05:58,800 --> 00:06:03,839 Speaker 1: would happen? Here's what be had to say. Well, I 100 00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: guess we would suck in. We would be sucked in 101 00:06:06,920 --> 00:06:09,360 Speaker 1: if you used it will be really dark outside. Then 102 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:13,760 Speaker 1: after that we can improve where lights some sense, we 103 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:17,240 Speaker 1: can't solve the problem. Solve that problem, however, Chetska is 104 00:06:17,279 --> 00:06:21,040 Speaker 1: going to be the bigger problem. The Earth will whenish 105 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,240 Speaker 1: in the black hall. But this is not an option, 106 00:06:24,360 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 1: I think, because no, I have no idea. A lot 107 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: would happen, although we probably wouldn't know about it for 108 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:34,400 Speaker 1: eight minutes. We're far too close to be in a 109 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:38,000 Speaker 1: stable or with a black hole. Even if this of 110 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:42,400 Speaker 1: one solar mass, we would disappear into the into the Sun. 111 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:46,040 Speaker 1: That would be very difficult for farmers. I think the 112 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:50,160 Speaker 1: Sun would go through various phases before that, of its 113 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:59,800 Speaker 1: its core helium expanding or something changing gravitational forces. So 114 00:06:59,839 --> 00:07:03,119 Speaker 1: I think by the time the Sun became a black hole, 115 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:08,880 Speaker 1: we would be either well fried or well suffocated or something. 116 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:12,440 Speaker 1: All right, not a lot of sunny answers or optimistic. 117 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:15,440 Speaker 1: A lot of a lot of bad things happened here, 118 00:07:15,560 --> 00:07:17,960 Speaker 1: and people nobody thought it would be good news. Right, 119 00:07:20,600 --> 00:07:24,600 Speaker 1: Nobody said yes, that sounds awesome. Finally my plan has 120 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:28,120 Speaker 1: come to fruition. No no evil villains out there, planning 121 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:30,640 Speaker 1: to make this happen. Um. There's sort of two categories 122 00:07:30,640 --> 00:07:33,080 Speaker 1: of answers. I thought, like one is people thought, well, 123 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:35,720 Speaker 1: that's just the end, because there's a black hole nearby. 124 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:39,400 Speaker 1: We're getting sucked in, right an The other one because 125 00:07:39,400 --> 00:07:42,000 Speaker 1: that's what black holes do. They suck. That's what they do. 126 00:07:44,440 --> 00:07:49,160 Speaker 1: Black holes suck. Um. And the other category is, you know, well, 127 00:07:49,280 --> 00:07:51,440 Speaker 1: if the black the sun becomes a black hole, then 128 00:07:51,440 --> 00:07:53,400 Speaker 1: it's no longer a sun, and we sort of rely 129 00:07:53,680 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 1: on the sun being a sun providing light and heat, 130 00:07:57,400 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: and so that would also kind of suck in a 131 00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:01,280 Speaker 1: different way. I like the person who said it would 132 00:08:01,320 --> 00:08:08,520 Speaker 1: be bad news for farmers exactly, like like just farmers. 133 00:08:08,680 --> 00:08:11,960 Speaker 1: Everyone else would be cool with it, but farmers they 134 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:14,200 Speaker 1: won't get that, you know, farmers tank. Yeah. Well, you 135 00:08:14,240 --> 00:08:16,760 Speaker 1: know that answer came from a guy who runs a 136 00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:19,040 Speaker 1: farm in Portugal, and so maybe that was on the 137 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 1: forefront of his mind. Is that possible? Could our son 138 00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:24,240 Speaker 1: become a black hole? And you know, there we can 139 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:27,640 Speaker 1: give a pretty definitive answer, right there is almost no 140 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:30,920 Speaker 1: universe in which our son becomes a black hole. And 141 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:35,920 Speaker 1: that might be surprised or farmers everywhere or relie you 142 00:08:35,960 --> 00:08:40,000 Speaker 1: can hear Jorge stopping to pack his emergency go bag. No, 143 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:45,320 Speaker 1: it's not something that power down. Hey, I didn't get 144 00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:47,760 Speaker 1: an invite to your emergency spaceship. Why is that you 145 00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:50,400 Speaker 1: powered the thing up? You're packing it, and you had 146 00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:54,040 Speaker 1: your own I thought, oh, man, awkward, I thought you had. 147 00:08:54,120 --> 00:08:56,479 Speaker 1: You should have talked about this. It's kind of embarrassing. 148 00:08:57,000 --> 00:08:59,480 Speaker 1: Some stars become a black hole, and the basic idea 149 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: is gotta have enough mass, right, you don't have enough 150 00:09:02,559 --> 00:09:05,960 Speaker 1: mass to create enough gravity to pull the thing together 151 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:09,040 Speaker 1: to make a black hole, then you just get sort 152 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 1: of a dense blob of stuff. Anything above like six 153 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:16,120 Speaker 1: or eight, maybe ten masses of our sun solar masses 154 00:09:16,440 --> 00:09:19,840 Speaker 1: can become a black hole. Um, stars that are smaller 155 00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:23,160 Speaker 1: than that don't have enough gravity to squeeze things together 156 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:25,440 Speaker 1: to become a black hole. That doesn't sound like a 157 00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:28,320 Speaker 1: very safe margin of error, you know what I mean? Like, 158 00:09:28,480 --> 00:09:30,280 Speaker 1: if our son was just you know, a couple of 159 00:09:30,320 --> 00:09:33,439 Speaker 1: times bigger, it would totally pretty possible. I don't know, 160 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:35,440 Speaker 1: the Sun is pretty big, dude, So we're talking about 161 00:09:35,440 --> 00:09:37,600 Speaker 1: a huge amount of stuff you need to add, Like 162 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:40,760 Speaker 1: ten solar masses is not just like the change in 163 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:44,280 Speaker 1: your pockets. Right, it's a huge amount of stuff, I guess. 164 00:09:44,320 --> 00:09:49,080 Speaker 1: I mean, how confident are you on that map? You know, 165 00:09:49,320 --> 00:09:51,480 Speaker 1: is it like it would never be able to turn 166 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:54,000 Speaker 1: into a black hole, or is it like not likely 167 00:09:54,040 --> 00:09:55,679 Speaker 1: to get turned into a black or he starts to 168 00:09:55,720 --> 00:10:00,080 Speaker 1: power up his spaceship again, I can hear it. Know, 169 00:10:00,200 --> 00:10:02,400 Speaker 1: we're fairly certain that the Sun is not going to 170 00:10:02,440 --> 00:10:04,720 Speaker 1: become a black hole. But that doesn't mean that, like 171 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:08,000 Speaker 1: it's all cool, right the Sun. We did talked about 172 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 1: this on a whole other podcast. The Sun is going 173 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:13,600 Speaker 1: to end its life when it's done with its fusion cycle. 174 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:15,760 Speaker 1: And when that and before that happens, it's going to 175 00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:19,280 Speaker 1: expand and get huge, and the radius of the Sun 176 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:22,600 Speaker 1: will be larger than the orbit of the Earth, meaning 177 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:26,200 Speaker 1: that the Earth will be inside the Sun. Right, And 178 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:28,600 Speaker 1: so even though the Sun is not going to end 179 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:31,559 Speaker 1: its life as a black hole, that doesn't mean that 180 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:33,760 Speaker 1: when the Sun ends its life, will all still be 181 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:36,439 Speaker 1: happily here on Earth, farming in Portugal. We won't even 182 00:10:36,440 --> 00:10:38,320 Speaker 1: need to see this black yeah, exactly if it, if 183 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:40,160 Speaker 1: it could turn into a black hole, we wouldn't even 184 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:42,600 Speaker 1: survive see it. Yes, So it doesn't actually even really 185 00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 1: matter if the Sun becomes a black hole or a 186 00:10:45,040 --> 00:10:47,200 Speaker 1: white dwarf, which is much more likely, because we will 187 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:50,200 Speaker 1: be toast either way, unless, of course, we all cram 188 00:10:50,280 --> 00:10:52,760 Speaker 1: onto Jorge Special Spaceship and we can just watch the 189 00:10:52,800 --> 00:10:56,079 Speaker 1: party from the safety of Pluto. How big is this 190 00:10:56,120 --> 00:11:01,720 Speaker 1: big ship anywhere? Now you went ahead and told everyone, Daniel, 191 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:04,480 Speaker 1: thanks a lot. You know, only our listeners, which of 192 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:09,000 Speaker 1: course are the most intelligent, best looking, privileged people on Earth. 193 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:11,640 Speaker 1: That's right. If you had to self select, you have 194 00:11:11,760 --> 00:11:16,560 Speaker 1: to select the population of people to say, from humanity obviously, 195 00:11:17,160 --> 00:11:21,840 Speaker 1: now boarding Zone A for Jorge Spaceship, our premium listeners, Daniel, 196 00:11:21,920 --> 00:11:27,320 Speaker 1: Jorge explain the universe. Oh sorry, you haven't listened to 197 00:11:27,360 --> 00:11:32,120 Speaker 1: all of our podcast episodes. Oh but you know, some 198 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:34,480 Speaker 1: people might be wondering about about what I said there 199 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:37,240 Speaker 1: because another podcast we said that you could take anything 200 00:11:37,280 --> 00:11:39,120 Speaker 1: and make it a black hole, right, like and take 201 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:42,360 Speaker 1: a baseball and you make it small enough, you can 202 00:11:42,360 --> 00:11:44,520 Speaker 1: make it a black hole. And that's true, right. All 203 00:11:44,559 --> 00:11:47,520 Speaker 1: you need is a certain density of stuff. Um, but 204 00:11:47,679 --> 00:11:50,439 Speaker 1: for stars you do need a certain density. But to 205 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:54,320 Speaker 1: get to that density you need a minimum mass because 206 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,000 Speaker 1: there's there are things that are preventing stars from just 207 00:11:57,040 --> 00:12:00,760 Speaker 1: falling in. Right. The reason everything like your pillow and 208 00:12:00,800 --> 00:12:04,160 Speaker 1: your hamster doesn't don't become black holes is because there 209 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:08,280 Speaker 1: are other forces preventing them from becoming super dense. And 210 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:12,760 Speaker 1: so for stars to have enough gravity to overcome the 211 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:15,600 Speaker 1: barriers to that density, they have to have a certain mass. 212 00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:17,600 Speaker 1: I think what you're saying is that technically the Sun 213 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,200 Speaker 1: could become a black hole, right, Like, if the hand 214 00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:24,719 Speaker 1: of God reached out and grabbed the Sun and squished it, 215 00:12:24,720 --> 00:12:27,800 Speaker 1: it could become a black hole. But naturally, left to 216 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:31,160 Speaker 1: its own devices, our sun can't won't ever turn into 217 00:12:31,200 --> 00:12:33,600 Speaker 1: black That's right. Exactly, if the hand we got reached 218 00:12:33,640 --> 00:12:36,600 Speaker 1: out and squeezed all the mass in the Sun down 219 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:40,079 Speaker 1: to a ball about three kilometers wide or smaller, then 220 00:12:40,120 --> 00:12:42,199 Speaker 1: it would be dense enough to be a black hole. 221 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:46,320 Speaker 1: But there's physics that prevent that from happening, right, Squeezing 222 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,000 Speaker 1: that stuff down would take a force that gravity can't do, 223 00:12:49,240 --> 00:12:52,160 Speaker 1: and so gravity not being the hand of God, can't 224 00:12:52,280 --> 00:12:55,360 Speaker 1: turn this mass into a black hole. But wait, into 225 00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:57,800 Speaker 1: a ball three kilometers white, But then how big would 226 00:12:57,800 --> 00:12:59,920 Speaker 1: the hole be? Would the whole bet three kilometers why 227 00:13:00,320 --> 00:13:03,199 Speaker 1: you mean like I mean, like theon the event horizon life. 228 00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:06,199 Speaker 1: If you've got all the mass of the Sun into 229 00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:09,559 Speaker 1: a sphere three kilometers wide or less than the black hole, 230 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:13,199 Speaker 1: the event horizon would be three kilometers, right, And again, 231 00:13:13,240 --> 00:13:15,840 Speaker 1: we don't know what's going on inside the event horizon 232 00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:17,439 Speaker 1: of a black hole. We don't know if all that 233 00:13:17,480 --> 00:13:20,080 Speaker 1: stuff is squeezed in at a little point at the 234 00:13:20,120 --> 00:13:23,400 Speaker 1: center of singularity or sort of quantum fuzzed out, or 235 00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:26,480 Speaker 1: if it's you know, distributing its some sort of weird pattern. 236 00:13:26,559 --> 00:13:30,320 Speaker 1: We don't know, and actually doesn't even really matter um 237 00:13:30,360 --> 00:13:32,520 Speaker 1: from a gravitational point of view, And that's the point 238 00:13:32,559 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about later. If you're on the outside 239 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:38,920 Speaker 1: of a sphere, then the only thing that matters to 240 00:13:38,960 --> 00:13:41,560 Speaker 1: affect how much gravity there is is just how much 241 00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:44,480 Speaker 1: stuff there is in the inside of that sphere. Like 242 00:13:44,600 --> 00:13:47,200 Speaker 1: you're standing on the surface of the Earth, the force 243 00:13:47,240 --> 00:13:50,880 Speaker 1: of gravity from the Earth depends only on your distance 244 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:53,400 Speaker 1: from the center of the Earth and how much mass 245 00:13:53,600 --> 00:13:57,079 Speaker 1: there is in the Earth. If you rearrange stuff inside 246 00:13:57,120 --> 00:14:00,120 Speaker 1: the Earth, it doesn't change how much you weigh and 247 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:03,640 Speaker 1: change the force of gravity, right, which which is cool 248 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:05,320 Speaker 1: to think that if you go down to your basement, 249 00:14:05,400 --> 00:14:08,000 Speaker 1: you literally weigh a little bit less, right, a little 250 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:10,720 Speaker 1: bit more, sorry, a little bit more. You get an airplane, 251 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:12,800 Speaker 1: you weigh less because you're further from the center of 252 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:16,240 Speaker 1: the Earth, and so you have a smaller force. But 253 00:14:16,600 --> 00:14:18,960 Speaker 1: if if you go down into your basement, then there's 254 00:14:19,040 --> 00:14:22,840 Speaker 1: less earth down. No, you're right, yeah, you're right. Yeah. 255 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:27,000 Speaker 1: If you drill into the earth, right, yeah, then there 256 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:31,000 Speaker 1: is less earth inside that sphere whose radius is your 257 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:33,880 Speaker 1: distance from the center of the Earth. Yes, you're absolutely right. 258 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:36,800 Speaker 1: So as you drill into the earth, your weight drops 259 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:38,960 Speaker 1: because eventually goes down to zero as you get to 260 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,800 Speaker 1: the center of the Earth if you're exactly the center 261 00:14:41,800 --> 00:14:44,200 Speaker 1: of the Earth, and the gravity from all the bits 262 00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:47,360 Speaker 1: cancels and you feel no force of gravity. So if 263 00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:49,040 Speaker 1: you're trying to lose weight, just go down to your 264 00:14:49,040 --> 00:14:53,960 Speaker 1: basement and yourself or or get an airplane. Interestingly, the 265 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:57,400 Speaker 1: force of gravity. Force of gravity is strongest on the surface, right, 266 00:14:57,600 --> 00:15:01,080 Speaker 1: because as you leave the surface, you increase the radius 267 00:15:01,080 --> 00:15:03,400 Speaker 1: from the center. The mass need is the same, but 268 00:15:03,560 --> 00:15:06,360 Speaker 1: the radius increases, and if you drill down as the earth, 269 00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:10,040 Speaker 1: the mass decreases faster than the radius squared term. So 270 00:15:10,080 --> 00:15:14,120 Speaker 1: the surface of the Earth is where you are the heaviest. Well, um, 271 00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:17,280 Speaker 1: we were talking about black holes though, that's right, um, 272 00:15:17,360 --> 00:15:19,840 Speaker 1: But the point is if you took all the mass 273 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:22,440 Speaker 1: of the Sun and you squeezed it into a ball 274 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:25,440 Speaker 1: three kilometers of radius or less, it would be a 275 00:15:25,480 --> 00:15:30,680 Speaker 1: black hole. But physics can't accomplish that. So right, so 276 00:15:30,960 --> 00:15:33,280 Speaker 1: you know, hey, if aliens came by and they did 277 00:15:33,320 --> 00:15:35,640 Speaker 1: something weird to the Sun, they could turn the Sun 278 00:15:35,720 --> 00:15:38,520 Speaker 1: into a black hole. So let's explore that scenario where 279 00:15:38,680 --> 00:15:41,680 Speaker 1: the hand of God or aliens turned the Sun into 280 00:15:41,720 --> 00:15:44,680 Speaker 1: a black hole. What would happen. Let's get into that. So, 281 00:15:44,840 --> 00:15:48,080 Speaker 1: assuming that it does happen, let's find out what it 282 00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:55,800 Speaker 1: means for us. But first let's take a quick break. 283 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:05,400 Speaker 1: All right, So the hand of God Daniel came down 284 00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:08,840 Speaker 1: and or went up and squished the Sun down into 285 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:13,320 Speaker 1: a black hole and uh, or Aliens went out there 286 00:16:13,320 --> 00:16:15,800 Speaker 1: and use some special machine to turn our son into 287 00:16:15,880 --> 00:16:18,840 Speaker 1: a black hole. What does that mean for us? Yeah? 288 00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:20,200 Speaker 1: What does that mean for us? And I think a 289 00:16:20,200 --> 00:16:22,600 Speaker 1: lot of people think, well, black holes suck stuff in, 290 00:16:23,040 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: and so if there's a black hole that nearby, it 291 00:16:24,960 --> 00:16:27,560 Speaker 1: would just suck us in, right, and that would be 292 00:16:27,600 --> 00:16:30,320 Speaker 1: the end. And a lot of people we interviewed said that, 293 00:16:30,760 --> 00:16:34,000 Speaker 1: But remember that gravity is not all powerful. Right. There 294 00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:37,880 Speaker 1: is already a very strong gravitational force towards the center 295 00:16:37,880 --> 00:16:40,440 Speaker 1: of our Solar system from the mass of the Sun. 296 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:43,360 Speaker 1: But the Earth is not getting sucked into the Sun 297 00:16:43,480 --> 00:16:47,240 Speaker 1: right now? Right? Why not? Because the Earth is in orbit. 298 00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:50,240 Speaker 1: It has too much velocity. Right. You can think of 299 00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:53,680 Speaker 1: an orbit. It's sort of like constantly falling towards the 300 00:16:53,760 --> 00:16:57,560 Speaker 1: center and missing because you have too much forward velocity. 301 00:16:57,720 --> 00:16:59,680 Speaker 1: And that's what the Earth is doing that falling. Would 302 00:16:59,680 --> 00:17:01,920 Speaker 1: you miss so you come back around and you miss again, 303 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:03,960 Speaker 1: and you come back around and you miss again. That's 304 00:17:03,960 --> 00:17:06,879 Speaker 1: when being an orbit really mean. Yeah, sort of like 305 00:17:06,920 --> 00:17:10,560 Speaker 1: forever falling down the stairs. Right. And if the Sun 306 00:17:10,640 --> 00:17:13,320 Speaker 1: became a black hole, it wouldn't change the mass of 307 00:17:13,400 --> 00:17:15,680 Speaker 1: the Sun, right, We're talking about just squeezing the Sun 308 00:17:15,760 --> 00:17:18,280 Speaker 1: down to a smaller radius that becomes a black hole. 309 00:17:18,640 --> 00:17:21,840 Speaker 1: It doesn't change the mass. And the gravitational forces we 310 00:17:21,840 --> 00:17:24,160 Speaker 1: were saying a minute ago depends just on two things. 311 00:17:24,600 --> 00:17:28,400 Speaker 1: The total mass inside that sphere, right, the sphere that's 312 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,439 Speaker 1: the radius um that's your radius from the center of 313 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:35,000 Speaker 1: the mass um. That's you mean, like all the maths, 314 00:17:35,040 --> 00:17:38,680 Speaker 1: it's closer to you to the center of the Sun 315 00:17:38,800 --> 00:17:41,520 Speaker 1: or the black yes, exactly um. And so if you're 316 00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:44,639 Speaker 1: just squeezing the Sun smaller, that doesn't change that number. 317 00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:47,919 Speaker 1: So it depends on that that the mass, and it 318 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:50,840 Speaker 1: depends on your distance from the center of the mass, right, 319 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:53,520 Speaker 1: and that number is not going to change either. So 320 00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:56,000 Speaker 1: you could take the Sun and squeeze into a black hole, 321 00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,840 Speaker 1: it wouldn't change the Earth's orbital dynamics at all. Just 322 00:18:00,040 --> 00:18:03,240 Speaker 1: because it's a black hole doesn't mean it magically has 323 00:18:03,280 --> 00:18:07,800 Speaker 1: a greater gravitational poll. It's the same gravitational force. Nothing 324 00:18:07,840 --> 00:18:10,479 Speaker 1: magic happens when it becomes a black hole, that's right. 325 00:18:10,520 --> 00:18:14,880 Speaker 1: The only thing that changes is the gravitational effect um 326 00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:17,200 Speaker 1: on things that are super close to the black hole. 327 00:18:17,359 --> 00:18:20,800 Speaker 1: Before the Sun became a black hole. In this hypothetical example, 328 00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:23,159 Speaker 1: the closest you could get to it is the surface 329 00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:26,159 Speaker 1: of the Sun. That's where the strongest gravitational force was. 330 00:18:26,440 --> 00:18:30,159 Speaker 1: Right Now, because you've squeezed the Sun down, you can 331 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:34,040 Speaker 1: get closer, and so there is a stronger gravitational force, 332 00:18:34,280 --> 00:18:36,399 Speaker 1: right because you can get closer to this, to this 333 00:18:36,560 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 1: mass than just the surface of the Sun, than the 334 00:18:39,480 --> 00:18:42,120 Speaker 1: radius to the Sun, because now you shrunk the radius down. 335 00:18:42,800 --> 00:18:46,119 Speaker 1: So there is a region, a new region where the 336 00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:49,119 Speaker 1: gravitational force is stronger than anything used to be. But 337 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:51,360 Speaker 1: the Earth is not in that region, and the gravitational 338 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:54,320 Speaker 1: force at the rateus the Earth doesn't change at all. 339 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:57,439 Speaker 1: So the Earth would just orbit this black hole the 340 00:18:57,480 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 1: way the Earth orbited the Sun. I think it might 341 00:18:59,840 --> 00:19:02,719 Speaker 1: make we help people to think about, like maybe not 342 00:19:02,840 --> 00:19:05,119 Speaker 1: like a dramatic collapse into a black hole, but just 343 00:19:05,240 --> 00:19:08,480 Speaker 1: like imagine the Sun you know, shrinks a little bit, 344 00:19:08,520 --> 00:19:11,480 Speaker 1: you know, like gets a little bit more dance or compact, 345 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:13,679 Speaker 1: or if it like fluffs up a little bit and 346 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:16,240 Speaker 1: gets a little bit bigger and fluffier, it's still the 347 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:20,840 Speaker 1: same amount of mass. And so our orbit wouldn't be 348 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:23,080 Speaker 1: effective if the Sun got a little bit fluffier or 349 00:19:23,119 --> 00:19:25,880 Speaker 1: a little bit denser. Right, that's exactly right. So if 350 00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:28,720 Speaker 1: the Sun shrank by one percent, right, and the mass 351 00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:31,760 Speaker 1: did the same, it wouldn't change our orbit. And so 352 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:39,240 Speaker 1: if it shrank by or yeah, we still be going 353 00:19:39,280 --> 00:19:42,800 Speaker 1: around the exact same orbit. Yeah, exactly, And and things 354 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:45,399 Speaker 1: do orbit black holes, right, The most direct way that 355 00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:48,560 Speaker 1: we've seen black holes is from stuff orbiting them. There's 356 00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:50,199 Speaker 1: a black hole in the center of our galaxy, and 357 00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:53,240 Speaker 1: we see stars moving around it, and we can calculate 358 00:19:53,280 --> 00:19:55,480 Speaker 1: the mass that black hole based on the orbit of 359 00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:59,200 Speaker 1: the stars. We see gas orbiting black holes and being 360 00:19:59,240 --> 00:20:01,920 Speaker 1: squeezed in the sage by the title forces and emitting 361 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:05,720 Speaker 1: crazy radiation, and so we see stuff orbiting black holes. 362 00:20:05,800 --> 00:20:08,120 Speaker 1: Stuff does orbit. It's not like everything near a black 363 00:20:08,119 --> 00:20:12,040 Speaker 1: hole just automatically get sucked in, right, And so the 364 00:20:12,040 --> 00:20:14,240 Speaker 1: same thing would happen here. Well, I guess the part 365 00:20:14,320 --> 00:20:16,399 Speaker 1: that is tripping me up is that, you know, I 366 00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:21,439 Speaker 1: can imagine the Sun collapsing ten percent and still the 367 00:20:21,440 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 1: Earth goes around on the same orbit. But you know, 368 00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:27,479 Speaker 1: at some point the Sun, you know, something sort of 369 00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:30,639 Speaker 1: magical happens, right, like suddenly becomes a black hole and 370 00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:33,359 Speaker 1: you have an event horizon and you see the black dot. 371 00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:37,040 Speaker 1: And so you're telling me that really, nothing sort of 372 00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:40,840 Speaker 1: magical happens, right, like nothing from our point of view, 373 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:43,800 Speaker 1: nothing changes, Like the fact that it suddenly became a 374 00:20:43,840 --> 00:20:47,680 Speaker 1: black hole doesn't suddenly make it like a bigger sucker. 375 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:51,120 Speaker 1: That's right. It doesn't make it bigger sucker stuff at 376 00:20:51,119 --> 00:20:55,080 Speaker 1: our radius, right, so you know, one a U nine 377 00:20:55,119 --> 00:20:59,280 Speaker 1: million miles from the Earth, the force of gravity doesn't change. Also, 378 00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:02,280 Speaker 1: at where the surface of the Sun used to be, 379 00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:04,879 Speaker 1: the force of gravity hasn't changed, because again you're at 380 00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:07,639 Speaker 1: the same distance, right, and the same amount of stuff. 381 00:21:08,040 --> 00:21:11,040 Speaker 1: But now I say you were like at half the 382 00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:13,960 Speaker 1: radius of the old sun. Right, this is a place 383 00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:16,760 Speaker 1: you can see that's now empty space that used to 384 00:21:16,760 --> 00:21:18,680 Speaker 1: be the center of the Sun. So you couldn't get there. 385 00:21:19,119 --> 00:21:23,000 Speaker 1: But now there's a spot there where there's incredibly strong gravity. 386 00:21:23,280 --> 00:21:26,040 Speaker 1: You can get closer and closer to the surface. Remember, 387 00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:29,000 Speaker 1: as we said before, the strongest gravity of any object 388 00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:31,800 Speaker 1: is at its surface, and now that surface is much 389 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:35,639 Speaker 1: much closer to the center of all the mass, and 390 00:21:35,680 --> 00:21:38,960 Speaker 1: so on the surface the gravity is much much stronger. 391 00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:42,159 Speaker 1: So it is sort of magical in that way. So 392 00:21:42,200 --> 00:21:43,920 Speaker 1: it's it's sort of like you open up new real 393 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:46,800 Speaker 1: estate in our solar system, but you you sort of 394 00:21:46,800 --> 00:21:48,520 Speaker 1: don't want to be in the real estate because the 395 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:51,640 Speaker 1: gravitational forces are going to be crazy. Exactly. You've opened 396 00:21:51,680 --> 00:21:53,919 Speaker 1: up new, crazy, intense real estate, but it's on a 397 00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:57,680 Speaker 1: crazy hill, and you don't want to buy there exactly, um, 398 00:21:57,760 --> 00:22:01,040 Speaker 1: because you're just gonna roll right down into the ocean. Um. 399 00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:03,800 Speaker 1: And and so you know, people might feel like, oh, well, 400 00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:06,280 Speaker 1: how can it not change anything to create a black hole? 401 00:22:06,320 --> 00:22:09,240 Speaker 1: It does change something, right, It just doesn't change anything 402 00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:13,119 Speaker 1: outside the radius of the old Sun because they're the 403 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:16,960 Speaker 1: gravity is the same. It wouldn't affect our orbit, right, 404 00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:19,280 Speaker 1: Like the Earth would still take a year to go 405 00:22:19,359 --> 00:22:23,080 Speaker 1: around it, and we would probably still spin one once 406 00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:26,399 Speaker 1: a day. Um, but it would probably have other pretty 407 00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:30,040 Speaker 1: bad effects, right, yeah, absolutely, all right, let's get into that. 408 00:22:30,160 --> 00:22:45,399 Speaker 1: But first let's take another quick break. All right. I know, 409 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:48,639 Speaker 1: so if the Sun became a black hole suddenly, we 410 00:22:48,640 --> 00:22:51,439 Speaker 1: wouldn't affect our orbit, right, We would still go around 411 00:22:51,440 --> 00:22:53,760 Speaker 1: in once a year, and we would still spin around 412 00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:58,840 Speaker 1: one a day, but it would have other kind of 413 00:22:58,880 --> 00:23:01,600 Speaker 1: bad effects, right, that's right. If you have solar panels 414 00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:04,440 Speaker 1: on your roof and you're using them to power your tesla, 415 00:23:04,480 --> 00:23:07,960 Speaker 1: for example, then you're gonna need to figure something else 416 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:11,760 Speaker 1: out because if the Sun becomes a black hole, it's 417 00:23:11,960 --> 00:23:15,960 Speaker 1: no longer fusing and no longer giving off light, and 418 00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:19,520 Speaker 1: that light is the source of all energy and you know, 419 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,720 Speaker 1: animation of life on Earth. And so yeah, again pretty 420 00:23:23,800 --> 00:23:28,359 Speaker 1: dark eight minutes later, and uh, sort of never lighten 421 00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,439 Speaker 1: up again. It would be basically nighttime forever. Wait, so 422 00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:35,320 Speaker 1: that a black hole is totally cold, right, It's not 423 00:23:35,359 --> 00:23:38,399 Speaker 1: emitting any radiation or light. It might be emitting some 424 00:23:38,680 --> 00:23:41,800 Speaker 1: very very low level of radiation called Hawking radiation, but 425 00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:46,399 Speaker 1: that's never been experimentally confirmed. And even if it is, 426 00:23:46,480 --> 00:23:50,080 Speaker 1: it's a tiny amount of radiation. And I mean the 427 00:23:50,119 --> 00:23:53,560 Speaker 1: amount of radiation the Sun currently gives out is incredible. 428 00:23:53,920 --> 00:23:58,280 Speaker 1: I mean it's almost a hundred million miles away, and 429 00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:01,600 Speaker 1: yet it can burn you, right, can fry your eyeballs 430 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:04,280 Speaker 1: if you stare at it for a few seconds. So 431 00:24:04,359 --> 00:24:06,679 Speaker 1: the amount of radiation coming off that thing is huge. 432 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:10,560 Speaker 1: Now you suddenly just delete all that radiation, right, and 433 00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:13,720 Speaker 1: so the Solar system becomes a very dark place very quickly. 434 00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:16,000 Speaker 1: Wait what happens to all that radiation? It just stays 435 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:19,399 Speaker 1: inside of the black hole. Now, well, the radiation comes 436 00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:22,639 Speaker 1: from fusion, right, Like, where does that radiation come from? 437 00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:25,480 Speaker 1: The Sun is a huge ball of plasma. It's fusing 438 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:29,679 Speaker 1: and releasing energy, right, and a black hole is not 439 00:24:29,760 --> 00:24:32,840 Speaker 1: doing that. A black hole. Usually a black hole's form 440 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:36,040 Speaker 1: when a star can no longer do fusion, right, because 441 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:39,000 Speaker 1: the fusion is preventing a star from collapsing. Gravity is 442 00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:42,240 Speaker 1: pulling the star in trying to squeeze it down, and 443 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:45,639 Speaker 1: a fusion is this explosion. It's constantly happens blowing the 444 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:48,480 Speaker 1: star up to keep it from getting squeezed down. And 445 00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:51,520 Speaker 1: so if the aliens come and they squeeze the Sun 446 00:24:52,080 --> 00:24:55,720 Speaker 1: into a tiny little black hole, then you know, who 447 00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:59,120 Speaker 1: knows what's going on inside there, but nothing is coming out? Yeah? Wow, 448 00:24:59,359 --> 00:25:03,119 Speaker 1: So it would be super weird, right because like if 449 00:25:03,160 --> 00:25:06,960 Speaker 1: it happened right now, we wouldn't feel the difference right away, 450 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:09,480 Speaker 1: you know, like we would still be able to walk around. 451 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:12,160 Speaker 1: The Earth would still be spinning, we'd still be going 452 00:25:12,240 --> 00:25:15,880 Speaker 1: in an orbit, but it just be like complete night 453 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:19,480 Speaker 1: all the time exactly. I mean we'd have great we 454 00:25:19,520 --> 00:25:21,440 Speaker 1: do with great astronomy for a while, right until we 455 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:28,000 Speaker 1: ran in a power and food exactly. Yeah, no light, 456 00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:31,720 Speaker 1: no heat right, Um, that would be pretty bad. And 457 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:33,719 Speaker 1: we rely on the Sun for a lot of stuff. 458 00:25:33,920 --> 00:25:35,880 Speaker 1: You know. It fascinating to me though I didn't realize 459 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:39,280 Speaker 1: until recently that life on Earth didn't start in a 460 00:25:39,359 --> 00:25:42,400 Speaker 1: way that was taking advantage of the sun. Right. Photosynthesis 461 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:45,439 Speaker 1: took a while to develop, like you know, hundreds of 462 00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:48,240 Speaker 1: millions of years, so very very early life on Earth 463 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:51,760 Speaker 1: didn't rely directly on the Sun the way all life 464 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:54,000 Speaker 1: on Earth are almost all life and Earth currently does 465 00:25:54,600 --> 00:25:57,640 Speaker 1: it relied on like geo thermal energy, right, energy from 466 00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:00,479 Speaker 1: the heat of the Earth. Yeah, exactly. So there might 467 00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:02,560 Speaker 1: be other sources of energy you could tap into. You 468 00:26:02,560 --> 00:26:05,040 Speaker 1: have to drill down into the earth and and find 469 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,639 Speaker 1: some warmth there, um, but it would be pretty dismal. 470 00:26:09,080 --> 00:26:11,760 Speaker 1: Your teslas certainly wouldn't be running very long. You could 471 00:26:11,760 --> 00:26:15,040 Speaker 1: get energy maybe from the center of the Earth, right 472 00:26:15,119 --> 00:26:18,320 Speaker 1: and power up lamps to grow your vegetables. Would that 473 00:26:18,359 --> 00:26:22,000 Speaker 1: be possible. That would be possible, Yeah, but not for 474 00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:24,399 Speaker 1: feeding billions of people. I mean, we have a huge 475 00:26:24,520 --> 00:26:26,320 Speaker 1: fusion reactor out there in the center of the solar 476 00:26:26,359 --> 00:26:30,320 Speaker 1: system just just pumping out energy, and we're just psiphing 477 00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:32,600 Speaker 1: off a tiny little fraction of it to grow all 478 00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:35,560 Speaker 1: of our plants to feed all of our people, um. 479 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:37,800 Speaker 1: And so we lose that. We do not have something 480 00:26:37,840 --> 00:26:39,880 Speaker 1: that we can just like slot into place. We don't 481 00:26:39,880 --> 00:26:42,720 Speaker 1: have a backup star, you know, a backup source of 482 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:44,880 Speaker 1: energy that can replace the Sun. Not yet. In fact, 483 00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:48,040 Speaker 1: we're getting more and more reliant on solar energy because 484 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:51,080 Speaker 1: because we treat it as a renewable source of energy. 485 00:26:51,160 --> 00:26:53,879 Speaker 1: And so I read recently that like now in the 486 00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:57,639 Speaker 1: US at least or in Texas even um wind and 487 00:26:57,720 --> 00:27:02,560 Speaker 1: solar power are providing war energy than coal. Right, coal 488 00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:05,920 Speaker 1: is stored energy. We're digging up from the earth. Well, 489 00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:08,679 Speaker 1: which is good news, right, it is good news. Of course, 490 00:27:09,359 --> 00:27:11,880 Speaker 1: the hand of God comes down and smells out the sun, 491 00:27:12,880 --> 00:27:16,160 Speaker 1: which the people in Texas um. You know, I don't 492 00:27:16,160 --> 00:27:18,679 Speaker 1: know where I'm going. I don't know either, but I 493 00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:20,720 Speaker 1: don't know where this podcast is going because it sounds 494 00:27:20,720 --> 00:27:23,920 Speaker 1: like we're sort of promoting coal as backup for alien 495 00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:27,600 Speaker 1: invasion or something. I'm not sure. Yeah, yeah, Just to 496 00:27:27,600 --> 00:27:30,639 Speaker 1: be clear, we don't expect the hand of God or 497 00:27:30,680 --> 00:27:33,359 Speaker 1: aliens to turn our son into a platform anytime. So 498 00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:37,080 Speaker 1: it's all those solar panels that is probably the best 499 00:27:37,119 --> 00:27:40,440 Speaker 1: thing for us right now. Yes, exactly. We are just 500 00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:44,080 Speaker 1: exploring crazy hypotheticals in today's podcast. We are not giving 501 00:27:44,080 --> 00:27:47,760 Speaker 1: you survivalist advice. We're going to be on the cover 502 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:52,560 Speaker 1: of Coal magazine, scientists come out in favor of coal. 503 00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:56,040 Speaker 1: There we go, you're the one percent, Daniel Um. And 504 00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:58,000 Speaker 1: you know, there's other interesting things like you get no 505 00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:00,920 Speaker 1: more light from the sun, you get no more heat 506 00:28:00,960 --> 00:28:04,080 Speaker 1: from the sun. You also there'll be no more solar radiation, 507 00:28:04,160 --> 00:28:07,120 Speaker 1: which means like no solar wind. And the solar wind 508 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:09,920 Speaker 1: is these charge particles that come off of the Sun. 509 00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:12,199 Speaker 1: You know, also a product of fusion that give you 510 00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:16,160 Speaker 1: things like you know, the Northern lights, and so not 511 00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:18,080 Speaker 1: only would we have night all the time, but we 512 00:28:18,080 --> 00:28:21,720 Speaker 1: wouldn't even have you know, cool fancy glowing lights in 513 00:28:21,720 --> 00:28:23,680 Speaker 1: the North and South Pole. Although I feel like that 514 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:26,880 Speaker 1: would be the least of our worries, you know, if 515 00:28:26,920 --> 00:28:28,680 Speaker 1: the sun went out. If the sun went out, yeah, 516 00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:31,200 Speaker 1: but you know, um, I figure at least you'd be 517 00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:33,880 Speaker 1: able to have great night camping. But you know, all right, 518 00:28:33,960 --> 00:28:36,960 Speaker 1: well it sounds like it wouldn't if the Sun turned 519 00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:39,360 Speaker 1: into a black hole. You know, it wouldn't be a 520 00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:43,680 Speaker 1: total collapse of humanity right away, right, Things would sort 521 00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:46,600 Speaker 1: of still keep going. But eventually, Um, having no sun 522 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,120 Speaker 1: would be bad news for other reasons other than physics. 523 00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:52,280 Speaker 1: That's right. If the sun went black hole. You wouldn't 524 00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:54,080 Speaker 1: die in the way you might have expected, but you 525 00:28:54,160 --> 00:29:01,200 Speaker 1: almost certainly will. I don't that's something that's right. But 526 00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:03,240 Speaker 1: we don't expect the Sun to become a black hole. 527 00:29:03,480 --> 00:29:06,080 Speaker 1: And though we do expect the Sun to expend its 528 00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 1: fuel and end its life as a cozy white dwarf, 529 00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:12,160 Speaker 1: that also won't happen for billions of years. And so 530 00:29:12,320 --> 00:29:15,160 Speaker 1: none of this is a reason to forget the very 531 00:29:15,320 --> 00:29:19,400 Speaker 1: real ways in which we, we humans, might extinguish ourselves 532 00:29:19,680 --> 00:29:23,880 Speaker 1: or destroy our planet by worrying about crazy, hypothetical astronomical 533 00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:27,840 Speaker 1: problems that are very unlikely to bother us. But I 534 00:29:27,840 --> 00:29:29,760 Speaker 1: think it's it's sort of tells you a little bit 535 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:32,040 Speaker 1: about how physics works, you know. It's sort of interesting 536 00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:35,200 Speaker 1: to think that even if something like this happened, a 537 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:38,840 Speaker 1: lot of physics would just still keep going. Yeah, physics 538 00:29:38,840 --> 00:29:42,120 Speaker 1: never quits, right and just keeps chugging along. All right. Well, 539 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:44,840 Speaker 1: we hope you enjoyed that discussion didn't get to alarm, 540 00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:49,560 Speaker 1: and please remember to still get those solar panels um 541 00:29:49,640 --> 00:29:52,680 Speaker 1: and that wind energy. Please, that's right. And if you 542 00:29:52,720 --> 00:29:55,840 Speaker 1: are the aliens listening to this podcast, please don't turn 543 00:29:55,880 --> 00:29:58,760 Speaker 1: the sun into a black hole. We need it all right, Well, 544 00:29:58,760 --> 00:30:00,960 Speaker 1: thanks for listening. We go to joined that. And if 545 00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:03,320 Speaker 1: you have questions about weird things that might be out 546 00:30:03,360 --> 00:30:05,440 Speaker 1: there in the universe, weird things that might happen to 547 00:30:05,560 --> 00:30:08,959 Speaker 1: our planet, please send us an email to Questions at 548 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:12,800 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge dot com. We love your questions, crazy 549 00:30:13,200 --> 00:30:24,720 Speaker 1: or not, hypothetical or conceptual. See you next time. If 550 00:30:24,800 --> 00:30:27,840 Speaker 1: you still have a question after listening to all these explanations, 551 00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:30,880 Speaker 1: please drop us a line. We'd love to hear from you. 552 00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:33,720 Speaker 1: You can find us at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at 553 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:37,200 Speaker 1: Daniel and Jorge That's one word, or email us at 554 00:30:37,480 --> 00:30:41,160 Speaker 1: Feedback at Daniel and Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening, 555 00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:43,880 Speaker 1: and remember that Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe is 556 00:30:43,920 --> 00:30:47,440 Speaker 1: a production of I Heart Radio or more podcast from 557 00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:51,200 Speaker 1: my Heart Radio. Visit the I heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 558 00:30:51,320 --> 00:31:00,120 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. M