WEBVTT - Caterpillars: Nature's Magicians

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, everybody, we're coming to your town, so you better

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<v Speaker 2>in Orlando, Florida, on August twelfth, Nashville, Tennessee on September sixth,

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<v Speaker 2>and wind it all up here in Atlanta on September ninth.

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<v Speaker 1>Yes, and you can get all the info you need

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<v Speaker 1>and links to tickets which are on sale now at

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<v Speaker 2>Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh and there's

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<v Speaker 1>Chuck and there's Jerry. The three of us just inchin

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<v Speaker 1>along in life together, trying to make do, making our

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<v Speaker 1>way in the world today. It takes everything with go

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<v Speaker 1>oh yeah, and this is Stuff you should Know. Cheers, Cheers, Chuck, cheers.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, if it's an episode where we say mouth parts, I.

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<v Speaker 1>Knew you're gonna say this.

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<v Speaker 2>Then we're going back to the old school from our

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<v Speaker 2>let's not say former colleague, Tracy is still our colleague.

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<v Speaker 2>We just never see anyone anymore, right fully, But Tracy

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<v Speaker 2>Wilson a co host of The Stuff You Missed in

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<v Speaker 2>History Class along with Holly. They're wonderful. They've been around

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<v Speaker 2>for years. They're icons of podcasting. Tracy used to write

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<v Speaker 2>a bunch of insect articles for HowStuffWorks dot com back

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<v Speaker 2>in the day.

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<v Speaker 1>She very legendarily stayed up for seventy two straight hours

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<v Speaker 1>and wrote like more than two dozen insect articles in

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<v Speaker 1>that time. They just got weirder as the time went on.

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<v Speaker 2>I almost believe that for a second. But Tracy always

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<v Speaker 2>does a great job with those, or did a great job,

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<v Speaker 2>And most of most of the insect articles we've ever

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<v Speaker 2>used have been Tracy's original, like the ticks and the

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<v Speaker 2>fleas and I don't think ants, but bees probably was.

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<v Speaker 1>She's the master of it for sure.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, she wrote a lot of them, and this

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<v Speaker 2>one about caterpillars was from Tracy, along with stuff from

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<v Speaker 2>World at List in the eighty eight and Breeding Butterflies

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<v Speaker 2>dot com. But I just realized today when I was

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<v Speaker 2>researching this some more that we haven't done butterflies yet, No,

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<v Speaker 2>which is shocking.

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<v Speaker 1>We've done one.

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<v Speaker 2>We did the wings like that you're desk, Okay.

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<v Speaker 1>That's what it was. Yeah, And we talked about them

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<v Speaker 1>in the Animal Migration episode two.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but not a standalone on butterflies. So we're going

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<v Speaker 2>to talk about their their counterpart. And one of the

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<v Speaker 2>facts of the episode already for me is that but

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<v Speaker 2>caterpillars that eventually turned into butterflies, it's the same species.

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<v Speaker 2>It's still the same thing.

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<v Speaker 1>Right.

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<v Speaker 2>We should never knew that we should do it too.

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<v Speaker 1>You didn't.

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<v Speaker 2>I just figured it, like, well, now it's something else like.

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<v Speaker 1>In huh, but did you know about the transformation and

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<v Speaker 1>the chrysalis or cocoon and everything? Did you know that?

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<v Speaker 2>Was sure? I knew how it happened, but I thought

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<v Speaker 2>it was like Presto Chaninjo. Now you're you're not whatever

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<v Speaker 2>Latin name you are, You're a new Latin name.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh gotcha. So like they just became a completely different

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<v Speaker 1>animal basically, or a different insect. Yeah, okay, I gotcha. Yeah, No,

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<v Speaker 1>they're the same thing. They're just configured differently, like a transformer,

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<v Speaker 1>Like they go for the box to robot with the

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<v Speaker 1>gun that's right, you know, but in a much more organic,

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<v Speaker 1>soupy way, as we'll see you. I love this one, Chuck.

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<v Speaker 1>Like every kid knows about caterpillars to go look at

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<v Speaker 1>them in the garden and everything, and they're super cute

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<v Speaker 1>and weird looking, and you learn the hard way not

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<v Speaker 1>to touch some of them. But I did not know

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of this stuff either, and it's endlessly fascinating

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<v Speaker 1>to me, especially if you step back and think about

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<v Speaker 1>a life stage where an organism undergoes such a complete

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<v Speaker 1>transformation that their cells, they break themselves down to their

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<v Speaker 1>cells and then are rebuilt into a new version. Not

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<v Speaker 1>that many animals do that, and scientists aren't exactly sure

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<v Speaker 1>how or even why that evolved. Although why it's kind

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<v Speaker 1>of teleological, but how that evolved. It's just this really

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<v Speaker 1>bizarre thing that we're so aware of, we kind of

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<v Speaker 1>just take for granted until you really stop and think

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<v Speaker 1>about it. I love caterpillars, I guess, is what I'm

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<v Speaker 1>trying to say.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And it was also one of those where I

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<v Speaker 2>just I kept looking and kept looking. I was like,

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<v Speaker 2>how has just this been sitting here under our noses

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<v Speaker 2>all this time? I don't know, because it's right up

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<v Speaker 2>our alley to talk about something like caterpillars, and we're

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<v Speaker 2>gonna do that right now.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah. One of the reasons why they are so different

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<v Speaker 1>and they're configured differently is that a caterpillar's life is

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<v Speaker 1>the larval stage of an adult moth or butterfly. That's

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<v Speaker 1>probably the best easy definition of a caterpillar. The reason

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<v Speaker 1>that it's configured differently than its adult form is because

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<v Speaker 1>in the larval stage, its entire life is pooping, eating, pooping, molting, eating,

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<v Speaker 1>pooping molting. That's what I saw the caterpillar's life described

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<v Speaker 1>as over the course of five different molts. As we'll see,

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<v Speaker 1>that's all it does. That's all it wants to do.

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<v Speaker 1>It just wants to eat. So it's designed essentially as

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<v Speaker 1>an eating machine.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, kind of shark like. And as Tracy points out,

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<v Speaker 2>like it's a very singular purpose. And the same butterfly

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<v Speaker 2>has a singular purpose later on, which is propagating the species,

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<v Speaker 2>if you know what I'm saying. But the caterpillar, yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>it's very shark like. All it does is eat and

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<v Speaker 2>store food and poop it out. And they eat so

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<v Speaker 2>much that apparently they say that they can eat as

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<v Speaker 2>much as twenty seven times their body size and their

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<v Speaker 2>fairly short life. Yeah, and they can end up being

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<v Speaker 2>about one hundred times bigger at the by the time

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<v Speaker 2>they go to pupe eight, which is when they you know,

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<v Speaker 2>hole up and turn into the butterfly as when they

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<v Speaker 2>pop out of that little egg that they also eat.

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<v Speaker 1>That's amazing. And if you want to see something just astounding,

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<v Speaker 1>go look up a caterpillar egg or butterfly egg. I

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<v Speaker 1>don't know which one you'd call it, but they look

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<v Speaker 1>like little have you ever seen vasaline glass huhuh? They

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<v Speaker 1>look like little like ornate vasaline glass vases.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they're very pretty.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I mean everything about butterflies are just great. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm on board with them fully.

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<v Speaker 2>But yeah, that thing, I mean, it starts eating, it

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<v Speaker 2>eats its way out of the egg. Then it's as well,

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<v Speaker 2>I'll just eat the rest of the egg. And you

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<v Speaker 2>know I'm gonna start I'm gonna go ahead and eat

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<v Speaker 2>this leaf that the egg is sitting on as well

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<v Speaker 2>while I'm at it.

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<v Speaker 1>Uh huh.

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<v Speaker 2>And they said, wow, I really like eating. Maybe I

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<v Speaker 2>should just keep eating for the rest of my life.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, each one suddenly turns into Augustus g loop and

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<v Speaker 1>just keeps going from there.

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<v Speaker 2>That's exactly right.

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<v Speaker 1>So I said that at molts. Apparently it molts five

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<v Speaker 1>to diferent times, and the reason why it molts is

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<v Speaker 1>because it eats so much it outgrows its skin.

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<v Speaker 2>It's amazing.

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<v Speaker 1>It has a mechanism where it releases an enzyme. There's

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<v Speaker 1>a hormone that says, hey, you're getting a little your

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<v Speaker 1>closes are getting a little tight. Maybe it's time to mold.

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<v Speaker 1>And that releases an enzyme that basically dissolves its attachment

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<v Speaker 1>to the exoskeleton. And then the new, bigger version pops

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<v Speaker 1>out of the old exoskeleton, walks away, and guess what

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<v Speaker 1>it does immediately after it starts eating again.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it tries to outgrow that suits.

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<v Speaker 1>And it does that five times in its larval stage

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<v Speaker 1>as a caterpillar.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, these molts are called in stars. Did you say

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<v Speaker 2>that's the.

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<v Speaker 1>That's the period of its life between molts.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, so five in stars in between molts. Like

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<v Speaker 2>you said, all it's doing is just eating, trying to

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<v Speaker 2>get a larger suit size. But here's another cool fact

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<v Speaker 2>is they believe that not only do caterpillars have a

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<v Speaker 2>memory that lasts like a mold or two. But they

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<v Speaker 2>even think There are researchers at Georgetown that have sort

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<v Speaker 2>of proven that. I'm not how you sort of prove something,

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<v Speaker 2>but they feel pretty good about the fact that they

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<v Speaker 2>think that a butterfly remembers being a caterpillar.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, they've done this at least one study that showed

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<v Speaker 1>that if they trained it to avoid certain smells as

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<v Speaker 1>one of its last in stars, it will remember that

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<v Speaker 1>as an adult butterfly, that it will avoid those same smells.

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<v Speaker 1>That's pretty cool because, as you'll see, what happens in

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<v Speaker 1>the chrysalis is so mind bending and nuts that the

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<v Speaker 1>idea that it can remember anything is it's pretty pretty amazing.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, for sure, I didn't even consider that. That

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<v Speaker 2>is really hard to process.

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<v Speaker 1>So let's talk about the body. Like you said, it

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<v Speaker 1>has mouth parts very important because it eats, eats, eats,

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<v Speaker 1>and the rest of its body is essentially a storage

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<v Speaker 1>facility for that food that it eats and that it

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<v Speaker 1>breaks down and stores. Essentially, it's fat. They're very fatty.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I get the idea that the the inner body

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<v Speaker 2>movement through that body tube never stops it's just a

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<v Speaker 2>conveyor belt almost of food coming in and poop leaving.

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<v Speaker 1>That's that's my impression too.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the caterpillar is six legged. If you're like, whoa chuck,

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<v Speaker 2>I've seen a caterpillar or two in my day, and

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<v Speaker 2>they have tons of little legs. Those are not real legs.

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<v Speaker 2>They only have six genuine legs, meaning that they have

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<v Speaker 2>segments and joints. The rest of those are called pro legs,

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<v Speaker 2>and there are a lot of those, and they move

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<v Speaker 2>all up the length of the abdomen of the caterpillar.

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<v Speaker 2>And at the end of those little pro legs they

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<v Speaker 2>have little suction cups, little hooks. Basically, is it a crochet?

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<v Speaker 2>Do you think I think that'schet.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm going with crochet.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they're called cruschettes and the yeah crotchets a crack rocket.

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<v Speaker 2>Isn't that what those really fast motorcycles are called. Sure, okay,

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<v Speaker 2>I didn't know if that was, you know, a dirty

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<v Speaker 2>thing to say or not.

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<v Speaker 1>No, No, that's all over. It's like douchebag. It was

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<v Speaker 1>at one time like not very nice, but now everybody

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<v Speaker 1>says it so evenly, like PG. Thirteen movies.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, I thought you meant it was okay to say, yes,

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<v Speaker 2>you're a real douchebag.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, Oh no, no, no, it's not still not, but

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<v Speaker 1>it's not like, you know, a horrid thing to say

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<v Speaker 1>like it used to.

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<v Speaker 2>I gotcha because someone called me one the other day

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<v Speaker 2>in the car and I was like, oh, I thank you.

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<v Speaker 2>Did they really No? No, they don't have bones, of course,

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<v Speaker 2>but they do have lots. They're very muscly. If you

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<v Speaker 2>compare them to a human, we have about six hundred

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<v Speaker 2>and twenty nine muscles. Caterpillars have four thousand muscles. Because

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<v Speaker 2>those muscles, that's the way they're moving, you know. They

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<v Speaker 2>they move in a little wave from front to back,

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<v Speaker 2>front to back, Yes, front to back, back to front,

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<v Speaker 2>back to front. How did I mess that up?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, it depends on which the direction they're going.

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<v Speaker 2>I guess, well, I guess so, and they move in

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<v Speaker 2>in a couple of ways. One of two ways is

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<v Speaker 2>sometimes they're crawling, which means they're moving all of those

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<v Speaker 2>pro legs and legs at the same time in sequence,

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<v Speaker 2>or they do what it sounds like an inchworm does. Right.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I don't know why they didn't identify them as

0:11:26.720 --> 0:11:28.840
<v Speaker 1>inch worms, but that's what they're talking about. They can

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<v Speaker 1>move in little arches where they bring their their front

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<v Speaker 1>to their back and their back together, making a mound

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<v Speaker 1>out of their middle their abdomen, and then they stretch

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<v Speaker 1>the front out and they bring the back up, and

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<v Speaker 1>then they stretch the front up. That's what an inch

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<v Speaker 1>worm does. And that's basically one of two ways. The

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<v Speaker 1>other way for a caterpillar to move, either as a

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<v Speaker 1>wave undulating. There's a lot of like really cool videos

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<v Speaker 1>of caterpillars moving or inching along.

0:11:54.520 --> 0:11:57.360
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and I never looked close enough at an inch

0:11:57.400 --> 0:12:01.240
<v Speaker 2>worm to figure out why they move that way. And

0:12:01.280 --> 0:12:03.760
<v Speaker 2>I feel like a dummy now because it seems obvious

0:12:04.160 --> 0:12:07.400
<v Speaker 2>they move that way because their middle section doesn't have legs, right,

0:12:07.800 --> 0:12:10.480
<v Speaker 2>It's pretty The front pulls the back because those are

0:12:10.480 --> 0:12:12.040
<v Speaker 2>where the legs are, and the legs go let me

0:12:12.120 --> 0:12:14.000
<v Speaker 2>catch up. It's like a little cute accordion.

0:12:14.160 --> 0:12:16.760
<v Speaker 1>And it's really neat to see. When you watch a

0:12:16.800 --> 0:12:20.120
<v Speaker 1>close up of a centipede, I keep wanting to say centipede,

0:12:20.120 --> 0:12:24.520
<v Speaker 1>but that's definitely a different animal. Caterpillars pro legs moving

0:12:25.440 --> 0:12:28.280
<v Speaker 1>as they attach themselves. Like you said, they have a

0:12:28.360 --> 0:12:31.679
<v Speaker 1>suction cup they just attach themselves to like the branch

0:12:31.760 --> 0:12:35.040
<v Speaker 1>or whatever that they're walking on. And if you watch

0:12:35.080 --> 0:12:41.839
<v Speaker 1>it in close enough detail, yes, excellent, Chuck, you can

0:12:41.920 --> 0:12:44.360
<v Speaker 1>really see those suction cups working and it's pretty cool.

0:12:44.920 --> 0:12:48.440
<v Speaker 2>It's awesome. Most things on a caterpillar are small, obviously,

0:12:48.480 --> 0:12:51.360
<v Speaker 2>including their little islets. They have twelve of those are

0:12:51.400 --> 0:12:54.800
<v Speaker 2>called stemata, and they if you do look closely though,

0:12:54.800 --> 0:12:56.800
<v Speaker 2>it's really cool looking. They have their arrange in a

0:12:56.800 --> 0:13:00.959
<v Speaker 2>semicircle sort of wrapping around the head.

0:13:01.240 --> 0:13:04.320
<v Speaker 1>Like what's his name from Reading Rainbow but on Star

0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:05.440
<v Speaker 1>Trek the next generation?

0:13:06.640 --> 0:13:09.280
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, lebar Burton. Like his eye wear.

0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:11.560
<v Speaker 1>Yes, yeah, that's what I said.

0:13:11.559 --> 0:13:12.920
<v Speaker 2>It would be on top of his head though, right,

0:13:13.040 --> 0:13:16.120
<v Speaker 2>like like a headband. I think is it more on

0:13:16.160 --> 0:13:17.320
<v Speaker 2>the front? I thought it was more on top.

0:13:17.760 --> 0:13:19.440
<v Speaker 1>I thought it was on the front, but you could

0:13:19.440 --> 0:13:20.600
<v Speaker 1>be right, it could be on top.

0:13:21.200 --> 0:13:23.520
<v Speaker 2>It's kind of hard to tell with the caterpillar head.

0:13:23.440 --> 0:13:26.240
<v Speaker 1>Right exactly. You don't really know what's what. It's kind

0:13:26.240 --> 0:13:28.000
<v Speaker 1>of like a studio baker. You can't tell which way

0:13:28.040 --> 0:13:34.480
<v Speaker 1>it's going, right that our aged listeners love a good

0:13:34.520 --> 0:13:35.560
<v Speaker 1>studi baker, Joe.

0:13:36.040 --> 0:13:40.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, there's well, little guys like damn skippy. Uh. So

0:13:40.880 --> 0:13:44.240
<v Speaker 2>those stamata they can identify light and darkness, but caterpillars

0:13:44.280 --> 0:13:47.720
<v Speaker 2>are are basically blind. Uh, They're for sure color blind.

0:13:48.559 --> 0:13:50.160
<v Speaker 2>And they just like I said, they can see sort

0:13:50.160 --> 0:13:52.000
<v Speaker 2>of light and dark and shadow and stuff like that,

0:13:52.480 --> 0:13:56.480
<v Speaker 2>but they are not like they're not crawling around seeing things.

0:13:56.480 --> 0:13:59.040
<v Speaker 2>They're kind of feeling their way around with those antennae

0:13:59.040 --> 0:14:03.199
<v Speaker 2>that they have. But although those antennae only handle taste

0:14:03.200 --> 0:14:04.920
<v Speaker 2>and smell, so I don't even know why I said that.

0:14:05.400 --> 0:14:08.360
<v Speaker 1>So they also breathe in a really interesting way. They

0:14:08.360 --> 0:14:10.960
<v Speaker 1>breathe through spiracles, which are holes in the side of

0:14:11.000 --> 0:14:14.720
<v Speaker 1>the caterpillar, and they breathe in oxygen. It goes directly

0:14:14.720 --> 0:14:17.920
<v Speaker 1>to the trachea, and they breathe out carbon dioxide. And

0:14:18.040 --> 0:14:21.200
<v Speaker 1>as they move, it's kind of like breathing in and

0:14:21.240 --> 0:14:24.880
<v Speaker 1>breathing out. That's like a byproduct of their movement, and

0:14:24.920 --> 0:14:26.640
<v Speaker 1>it all goes to that trichia, like I said, and

0:14:26.680 --> 0:14:30.560
<v Speaker 1>the trachia just diffuses it to the tissue throughout the body.

0:14:30.880 --> 0:14:33.920
<v Speaker 1>They have blood, it's called hemolymph like most insects blood,

0:14:34.160 --> 0:14:36.720
<v Speaker 1>but it doesn't it's not used to transport oxygen. It

0:14:36.720 --> 0:14:40.280
<v Speaker 1>transports things like hormones that trigger molting and things like that,

0:14:40.320 --> 0:14:43.120
<v Speaker 1>but the oxygen just diffuses throughout the body.

0:14:44.000 --> 0:14:46.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you know, an inch worm, it is like a

0:14:46.440 --> 0:14:49.880
<v Speaker 2>little accordion. And if you could figure out how to

0:14:49.920 --> 0:14:55.560
<v Speaker 2>build and insert a tiny little like wooden reed in

0:14:55.640 --> 0:14:59.160
<v Speaker 2>each sphiracle, that little thing might sound like an accordion

0:14:59.200 --> 0:15:02.520
<v Speaker 2>as it moved pretty neat, kind of cruel to I imagine.

0:15:02.760 --> 0:15:06.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I mean probably if you're sticking wood in the

0:15:06.520 --> 0:15:09.320
<v Speaker 1>tiny breathing holes of a caterpillar.

0:15:09.080 --> 0:15:10.440
<v Speaker 2>I don't think it would. Don't try that.

0:15:11.280 --> 0:15:14.040
<v Speaker 1>By the way, Chuck, did I tell you that caterpillar

0:15:14.120 --> 0:15:18.600
<v Speaker 1>is from the old French chateapellos, which means shaggy cat.

0:15:19.080 --> 0:15:22.360
<v Speaker 2>Oh, like the actor Timothy Chateapellos. Is that you know

0:15:22.440 --> 0:15:23.680
<v Speaker 2>that's Timothy Shallomey.

0:15:23.720 --> 0:15:27.800
<v Speaker 1>Sorry, right, yeah, Timothy Shaggy cat would be that name.

0:15:27.880 --> 0:15:29.120
<v Speaker 2>Kind of looks like a shaggy cat.

0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:31.960
<v Speaker 1>But apparently they think it was the the is it

0:15:32.000 --> 0:15:37.360
<v Speaker 1>the wooly bully caterpillar? That? Yeah, they think that that

0:15:37.480 --> 0:15:40.120
<v Speaker 1>was the original shaggy cat and it's just kind of

0:15:40.120 --> 0:15:42.600
<v Speaker 1>caught on from there. But that's where caterpillar comes from.

0:15:43.120 --> 0:15:46.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And speaking of wily bully. You notice on caterpillars

0:15:46.480 --> 0:15:49.680
<v Speaker 2>a lot of times those little hairs or little quills

0:15:49.720 --> 0:15:53.400
<v Speaker 2>or spines, those are called Oh man, we've even had

0:15:53.440 --> 0:15:56.880
<v Speaker 2>scientists tell us how to pronounce that ae. Is it? Stay?

0:15:57.840 --> 0:15:58.760
<v Speaker 1>That's what I think it is.

0:15:58.840 --> 0:16:02.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's either that or we've been getting it wrong.

0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:04.520
<v Speaker 2>I can't remember. But everyone is like in science guys.

0:16:04.520 --> 0:16:09.040
<v Speaker 2>Anytimes it's ae, you pronounce the blank and I can't

0:16:09.080 --> 0:16:13.720
<v Speaker 2>remember which one it is. Oh, it's either sete or setae.

0:16:13.800 --> 0:16:15.600
<v Speaker 2>And now we're gonna get more emails. And maybe I

0:16:15.600 --> 0:16:17.440
<v Speaker 2>should just put a sticky note on my laptop so

0:16:17.440 --> 0:16:20.440
<v Speaker 2>I'll always remember that. But that's what they're called, and

0:16:20.520 --> 0:16:24.320
<v Speaker 2>they have a lot of functions. They can deter things

0:16:24.320 --> 0:16:27.400
<v Speaker 2>that want to eat caterpillars because a lot of times

0:16:27.400 --> 0:16:30.800
<v Speaker 2>these things carry little irritants and toxins. And you just

0:16:30.840 --> 0:16:33.080
<v Speaker 2>put a pin in that for our very final segment

0:16:33.120 --> 0:16:38.800
<v Speaker 2>at the end. But you said, yeah, but you can get,

0:16:40.440 --> 0:16:42.960
<v Speaker 2>you know, little little irritated bumps. Sometimes if you handle

0:16:42.960 --> 0:16:43.600
<v Speaker 2>the wrong caterpillar.

0:16:43.640 --> 0:16:45.360
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, and you shouldn't handle a category can get

0:16:45.440 --> 0:16:48.080
<v Speaker 1>much worse than that too. Yeah, if you've ever touched

0:16:48.080 --> 0:16:50.680
<v Speaker 1>a caterpillar, that's why I was referring to earlier like

0:16:50.720 --> 0:16:53.240
<v Speaker 1>as a kid, I remember touching one and just being like,

0:16:53.280 --> 0:16:57.480
<v Speaker 1>oh my god, what what just happened? And it hurt

0:16:57.640 --> 0:17:01.200
<v Speaker 1>very badly, I remember distinctly, but I still love caterpillars

0:17:01.240 --> 0:17:01.600
<v Speaker 1>after that.

0:17:02.640 --> 0:17:06.400
<v Speaker 2>I remember, Uh, there was one kind and someone will

0:17:06.400 --> 0:17:08.600
<v Speaker 2>know what kind ofness is, but I think it was

0:17:08.600 --> 0:17:13.199
<v Speaker 2>sort of yellow and black. Uh. And we would, you know,

0:17:13.320 --> 0:17:16.200
<v Speaker 2>put our finger on the ground and the caterpillar would

0:17:16.200 --> 0:17:19.960
<v Speaker 2>crawl up our hand and then we would like get

0:17:19.960 --> 0:17:22.320
<v Speaker 2>a leaf and have it crawl off. So I don't

0:17:22.320 --> 0:17:24.080
<v Speaker 2>think we harmed the caterpillar. We were just sitting it

0:17:24.200 --> 0:17:26.240
<v Speaker 2>kind of crawl on us for a minute. But uh.

0:17:26.240 --> 0:17:28.160
<v Speaker 2>And I wasn't touching the spine, so I never got

0:17:28.160 --> 0:17:31.479
<v Speaker 2>that irritation. But I used to love doing that, and

0:17:31.520 --> 0:17:34.720
<v Speaker 2>I just thought that was so cool that they I

0:17:34.720 --> 0:17:37.520
<v Speaker 2>guess now knowing that they're blind, that there's like crawling

0:17:37.560 --> 0:17:39.439
<v Speaker 2>on a stick, and it's like, now I'm crawling on

0:17:39.440 --> 0:17:40.200
<v Speaker 2>a finger.

0:17:40.240 --> 0:17:42.560
<v Speaker 1>Right, Yeah that's cute.

0:17:42.920 --> 0:17:44.600
<v Speaker 2>But yeah, you wouldn't stick like kid fingers.

0:17:44.600 --> 0:17:47.240
<v Speaker 1>You wouldn't have been touching the hair like structures, so

0:17:47.320 --> 0:17:48.880
<v Speaker 1>it wouldn't have stung you. It's not like I don't

0:17:48.920 --> 0:17:50.959
<v Speaker 1>think it's an active process. I think it's a passive

0:17:51.000 --> 0:17:53.240
<v Speaker 1>thing where you just touch it and they're not like

0:17:53.359 --> 0:17:56.000
<v Speaker 1>die die die. It's just like, right, you just touched

0:17:56.000 --> 0:17:57.640
<v Speaker 1>it and it did its thing.

0:17:58.680 --> 0:18:01.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Yeah, I get the fear in the caterpillars even like,

0:18:01.280 --> 0:18:04.879
<v Speaker 2>sorry man, and you know it shouldn't touch me, but sorry.

0:18:05.080 --> 0:18:08.160
<v Speaker 1>Most caterpillars seem rather chill, but not all of them are.

0:18:08.640 --> 0:18:11.280
<v Speaker 1>I was not happy to find this out. I find

0:18:11.320 --> 0:18:16.399
<v Speaker 1>this rather unpleasant. But there's some species of caterpillars in

0:18:16.440 --> 0:18:20.720
<v Speaker 1>Hawaii that are actually carnivores. Far and away, most species

0:18:20.760 --> 0:18:26.879
<v Speaker 1>of caterpillars, and hence butterflies are are herbivores. They just

0:18:27.000 --> 0:18:30.400
<v Speaker 1>eat leaves, that's what they do. They eat leaves and shoots. Wait,

0:18:30.520 --> 0:18:36.160
<v Speaker 1>eat shoots and leaves. So there's the ones in Hawaii.

0:18:36.560 --> 0:18:40.240
<v Speaker 1>They'll eat snails. And not only do they eat snails,

0:18:40.320 --> 0:18:44.040
<v Speaker 1>it's really awful. They tie the snails to say, like

0:18:44.080 --> 0:18:46.560
<v Speaker 1>a twig or a leaf or something using spinnerets. They

0:18:46.640 --> 0:18:50.199
<v Speaker 1>have silk producing organs, and they'll tie the snail, the

0:18:50.200 --> 0:18:52.439
<v Speaker 1>whole shell and all to like a twig so the

0:18:52.480 --> 0:18:54.679
<v Speaker 1>snail can't get away. And then they climb into the

0:18:54.680 --> 0:18:56.680
<v Speaker 1>shell and eat the snail alive.

0:18:57.680 --> 0:18:58.960
<v Speaker 2>It is horrifying.

0:18:59.359 --> 0:19:01.800
<v Speaker 1>I don't like a particular kind of caterpillar, but I

0:19:01.880 --> 0:19:02.600
<v Speaker 1>like all the rest.

0:19:03.359 --> 0:19:05.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, they tie it down and eat it.

0:19:06.040 --> 0:19:08.920
<v Speaker 1>So awful. Imagine it just coming into your house too,

0:19:08.960 --> 0:19:11.159
<v Speaker 1>and you're like, please know, and you have no escape

0:19:11.160 --> 0:19:12.520
<v Speaker 1>and that's that.

0:19:13.440 --> 0:19:16.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it was pretty horrifying to read that and frankly disappointing.

0:19:16.680 --> 0:19:25.159
<v Speaker 2>But there's also a brand, a brand in Australia. They

0:19:25.240 --> 0:19:27.159
<v Speaker 2>lay their eggs and ant hills and when they come out,

0:19:27.240 --> 0:19:29.639
<v Speaker 2>they will eat those ants. But aside from that, in

0:19:29.720 --> 0:19:35.520
<v Speaker 2>the Hawaiian they, like you said, are strictly herbivores and

0:19:35.640 --> 0:19:40.359
<v Speaker 2>they are using those leaves also to camouflage themselves. They

0:19:40.400 --> 0:19:43.320
<v Speaker 2>have a lot of great mechanisms to keep this not

0:19:43.400 --> 0:19:46.600
<v Speaker 2>quite octopus level, but they seem like they're you know,

0:19:47.080 --> 0:19:48.760
<v Speaker 2>I don't know if it's wrong to use words smart,

0:19:48.800 --> 0:19:52.520
<v Speaker 2>but they know to like feed under leaves so birds

0:19:52.560 --> 0:19:57.280
<v Speaker 2>can't see them. They also have some natural camouflage, like

0:19:57.359 --> 0:20:01.359
<v Speaker 2>sometimes those eyes can look like the fake eyes can

0:20:01.400 --> 0:20:02.080
<v Speaker 2>look like snake.

0:20:02.160 --> 0:20:03.040
<v Speaker 1>Did you see that one?

0:20:03.760 --> 0:20:05.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah it looks like a snake.

0:20:05.040 --> 0:20:07.880
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it looks like a bright green snake. And Apparently

0:20:07.920 --> 0:20:10.840
<v Speaker 1>they'll arrange themselves sometimes to make it look like a

0:20:10.960 --> 0:20:14.719
<v Speaker 1>long snake, Like three hundred caterpillars will get together and

0:20:14.800 --> 0:20:17.000
<v Speaker 1>line up and it's like, wow, there's a snake. No,

0:20:17.160 --> 0:20:18.760
<v Speaker 1>it's a line of caterpillars.

0:20:19.200 --> 0:20:22.159
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, Like a lot of them are solitary caterpillars, but

0:20:22.200 --> 0:20:26.720
<v Speaker 2>there is what was the one in particular that traveling.

0:20:26.320 --> 0:20:29.240
<v Speaker 1>Groups gregarious caterpillars.

0:20:29.720 --> 0:20:31.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I get the feeling. Those are the ones that

0:20:31.320 --> 0:20:33.720
<v Speaker 2>might do the old snake one too.

0:20:33.960 --> 0:20:36.640
<v Speaker 1>Yes, I think those are swallow tails and they might

0:20:36.640 --> 0:20:39.480
<v Speaker 1>be gregarious. Yeah. So I say we take a break, Chuck,

0:20:39.840 --> 0:20:41.960
<v Speaker 1>and then we'll come back and I propose that we

0:20:42.040 --> 0:20:44.240
<v Speaker 1>talked more about caterpillars.

0:20:44.880 --> 0:20:57.320
<v Speaker 3>Let's do it, jow.

0:21:06.520 --> 0:21:08.880
<v Speaker 1>Okay, So you mentioned a couple of things that they

0:21:08.880 --> 0:21:11.800
<v Speaker 1>do to protect themselves. Camouflage, just eating a little bit

0:21:11.800 --> 0:21:14.639
<v Speaker 1>on the underside of a leaf. There's a lot of

0:21:14.680 --> 0:21:17.640
<v Speaker 1>other things that they can do too. There's so many

0:21:17.640 --> 0:21:21.840
<v Speaker 1>different species of caterpillar, because again we're talking about moths

0:21:21.880 --> 0:21:24.720
<v Speaker 1>and butterflies, they're not just all the same thing. That

0:21:24.760 --> 0:21:28.160
<v Speaker 1>they've developed all sorts of really interesting means of defense.

0:21:28.880 --> 0:21:33.440
<v Speaker 1>One of the ways they say the best defense is

0:21:33.560 --> 0:21:37.199
<v Speaker 1>shooting your poop out. And there's a type of caterpillar

0:21:37.240 --> 0:21:41.120
<v Speaker 1>that does that. I think it's it's the silver spotted skipper,

0:21:41.600 --> 0:21:45.280
<v Speaker 1>and skipper is basically a type of butterfly, and it

0:21:45.359 --> 0:21:49.120
<v Speaker 1>shoots its waist called frast it's poop as far as

0:21:49.359 --> 0:21:53.720
<v Speaker 1>five feet from itself in order to keep predators from

0:21:53.760 --> 0:21:56.040
<v Speaker 1>being able to track it back to its source.

0:21:57.000 --> 0:22:02.640
<v Speaker 2>That explains that old saying, you ain't nothing but caterpillar frass.

0:22:03.119 --> 0:22:05.200
<v Speaker 2>M I never knew what they You're.

0:22:05.080 --> 0:22:07.080
<v Speaker 1>Really good at jumping, that's what they say to you.

0:22:08.640 --> 0:22:10.399
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And that's one of the things they do, like

0:22:10.520 --> 0:22:12.840
<v Speaker 2>several other things, which is it all sort of falls

0:22:12.840 --> 0:22:16.679
<v Speaker 2>to the umbrella of I don't want anyone to know

0:22:16.760 --> 0:22:20.280
<v Speaker 2>I'm like even here, so a poop will be a

0:22:20.280 --> 0:22:23.720
<v Speaker 2>big giveaway obviously. Another as if like they love to eat.

0:22:23.800 --> 0:22:27.320
<v Speaker 2>If if a predator sees a ton of chewed up

0:22:27.400 --> 0:22:30.400
<v Speaker 2>leaves everywhere, they're gonna be like, ooh, the caterpillars nearby.

0:22:30.440 --> 0:22:32.840
<v Speaker 2>I love to eat those things. So as much as

0:22:32.880 --> 0:22:36.240
<v Speaker 2>those caterpillars love to eat, it is their singular purpose

0:22:36.240 --> 0:22:40.280
<v Speaker 2>in life. They will many times just eat little bits

0:22:40.760 --> 0:22:44.120
<v Speaker 2>off of many many leaves to kind of disguise the fact,

0:22:44.200 --> 0:22:46.679
<v Speaker 2>like no caterpillar here, there's just a few nibbles here

0:22:46.720 --> 0:22:49.679
<v Speaker 2>and there. Yeah, leaf, rather than just yeah, rather than

0:22:49.760 --> 0:22:53.280
<v Speaker 2>just like taking a leaf down to its spine.

0:22:53.000 --> 0:22:55.760
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, which any even the dumbest of birds can be, like,

0:22:55.800 --> 0:22:57.520
<v Speaker 1>there's a caterpillar around here.

0:22:57.680 --> 0:22:59.360
<v Speaker 2>And you know they want to do that, but they

0:22:59.400 --> 0:22:59.960
<v Speaker 2>still don't do it.

0:23:00.359 --> 0:23:05.800
<v Speaker 1>No, caterpillars have tremendous self control, you doo. We mentioned

0:23:05.800 --> 0:23:08.159
<v Speaker 1>that they have spinnerets that they can spin silk, and

0:23:08.200 --> 0:23:10.240
<v Speaker 1>they use it to great effect in all sorts of

0:23:10.240 --> 0:23:16.920
<v Speaker 1>different ways, including defense. Apparently, some kinds of caterpillars will

0:23:17.320 --> 0:23:20.000
<v Speaker 1>like spin a little thing of silk that they'll attach

0:23:20.040 --> 0:23:22.240
<v Speaker 1>to the leaf they're on, and when a predator comes,

0:23:22.280 --> 0:23:25.639
<v Speaker 1>they just jump off, basically like John McClean and die Hard,

0:23:26.160 --> 0:23:28.840
<v Speaker 1>and they're attached to the silk. So they swing into

0:23:29.920 --> 0:23:32.760
<v Speaker 1>a window in the Knokotomi building and then climb back

0:23:32.800 --> 0:23:35.320
<v Speaker 1>up when the bird goes away. But they just jump

0:23:35.359 --> 0:23:38.080
<v Speaker 1>off the leaf to get away. I'll bet that's pretty

0:23:38.160 --> 0:23:39.160
<v Speaker 1>neat to see.

0:23:39.040 --> 0:23:42.480
<v Speaker 2>That's right. And to combat jet lag, they make fists

0:23:42.520 --> 0:23:43.040
<v Speaker 2>with their toes.

0:23:43.240 --> 0:23:44.679
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, what do you know?

0:23:44.960 --> 0:23:47.119
<v Speaker 2>I wonder if they leap I'd like to see that

0:23:47.240 --> 0:23:49.439
<v Speaker 2>in slow motion. I wonder if all those legs and

0:23:49.520 --> 0:23:53.120
<v Speaker 2>pro legs at once do that in concert, that would

0:23:53.160 --> 0:23:53.640
<v Speaker 2>be pretty cool.

0:23:53.720 --> 0:23:55.920
<v Speaker 1>Or if they inch, they just shoot themselves off. They

0:23:55.920 --> 0:23:58.720
<v Speaker 1>inch so quickly that shoots them right off of the leaf.

0:23:59.440 --> 0:24:02.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. So yeah, that's one use of the silk is

0:24:03.359 --> 0:24:07.119
<v Speaker 2>like literal climbing rope. And like we said, like the

0:24:07.720 --> 0:24:11.720
<v Speaker 2>solo caterpillar, which is many of the Wan's say brands,

0:24:11.840 --> 0:24:17.239
<v Speaker 2>what a dummy varieties species here you go. You know,

0:24:17.280 --> 0:24:20.120
<v Speaker 2>there's going around, they're eating, they're they're laying an egg.

0:24:20.600 --> 0:24:24.080
<v Speaker 2>They're using the silk as as like a lasso. Or

0:24:24.080 --> 0:24:27.560
<v Speaker 2>maybe they might make a little nest. Like we said earlier,

0:24:27.560 --> 0:24:31.399
<v Speaker 2>maybe they might restrain that that snail. But those gregarious

0:24:31.480 --> 0:24:34.359
<v Speaker 2>kinds that live in big groups, they really get going

0:24:34.440 --> 0:24:39.000
<v Speaker 2>with the silk production. They make big nests in trees

0:24:39.040 --> 0:24:40.080
<v Speaker 2>and around tree trunks.

0:24:40.359 --> 0:24:41.760
<v Speaker 1>You've probably seen them before.

0:24:42.000 --> 0:24:45.560
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, they're like big tents. Basically, if you've seen

0:24:45.600 --> 0:24:48.760
<v Speaker 2>big you know it looks like sort of a really

0:24:48.800 --> 0:24:51.760
<v Speaker 2>dense spider web. I guess sometimes those are spiders, right.

0:24:52.040 --> 0:24:54.199
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, there's some kinds of spiders that do that, but

0:24:54.240 --> 0:24:56.480
<v Speaker 1>I think probably more often than not. What you're seeing

0:24:56.480 --> 0:24:58.760
<v Speaker 1>are gregarious caterpillars getting together.

0:24:59.359 --> 0:25:04.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but they also use their little spinnerets as like

0:25:04.520 --> 0:25:07.040
<v Speaker 2>a trail, like, hey, we're all going this way and

0:25:07.080 --> 0:25:09.600
<v Speaker 2>we're gonna lay this little trail and we know that.

0:25:09.680 --> 0:25:10.879
<v Speaker 2>You know, if you want to get home, this is

0:25:10.920 --> 0:25:11.520
<v Speaker 2>how you get home.

0:25:11.680 --> 0:25:15.119
<v Speaker 1>What's neat is those trails are often intergenerational, and so

0:25:15.480 --> 0:25:19.560
<v Speaker 1>like an older and older generation will leave there that

0:25:19.560 --> 0:25:22.120
<v Speaker 1>that silk for the next generation to use, and that

0:25:22.119 --> 0:25:25.119
<v Speaker 1>next generation then can grow bigger and stronger because they

0:25:25.160 --> 0:25:27.960
<v Speaker 1>didn't have to use that energy to create the silk

0:25:28.200 --> 0:25:31.040
<v Speaker 1>for that that leads to the to the food source.

0:25:31.240 --> 0:25:32.400
<v Speaker 1>I thought that was pretty nice.

0:25:32.920 --> 0:25:37.520
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, like handy down silk, yeah exactly, Or like you

0:25:37.560 --> 0:25:39.440
<v Speaker 2>know a link of rope that grandpa gave you.

0:25:39.680 --> 0:25:43.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, same thing, hand me down silk length of rope

0:25:43.320 --> 0:25:43.880
<v Speaker 1>from grandpa.

0:25:44.640 --> 0:25:45.119
<v Speaker 2>What else?

0:25:46.119 --> 0:25:48.920
<v Speaker 1>There's another thing too that we haven't quite figured out,

0:25:48.960 --> 0:25:51.639
<v Speaker 1>and we I mean the entomology world, and by we

0:25:51.840 --> 0:25:57.000
<v Speaker 1>also mean them that it may or may not be

0:25:57.160 --> 0:26:00.680
<v Speaker 1>advantageous to live in a gregarious community as opposed to

0:26:00.720 --> 0:26:05.280
<v Speaker 1>being solitary. Because yes, it's easier to build a big

0:26:05.320 --> 0:26:07.400
<v Speaker 1>shelter for yourself if you have a bunch of other

0:26:07.440 --> 0:26:10.960
<v Speaker 1>friends helping you. It's easier to find food if you

0:26:11.000 --> 0:26:13.080
<v Speaker 1>have other people looking at the same time you are,

0:26:13.119 --> 0:26:15.879
<v Speaker 1>and then telling you what they found. But at the

0:26:15.880 --> 0:26:19.359
<v Speaker 1>same time, you're also competing with those same people or

0:26:19.359 --> 0:26:21.600
<v Speaker 1>those same caterpillars. I should say, yeah, and that's a

0:26:21.600 --> 0:26:23.959
<v Speaker 1>big that can be a big problem too. I like it.

0:26:24.000 --> 0:26:27.960
<v Speaker 2>Caterpillars are people too, exactly, and if there's a disease,

0:26:28.000 --> 0:26:31.320
<v Speaker 2>you know it's gonna spread pretty readily within that population

0:26:32.119 --> 0:26:35.040
<v Speaker 2>if they're all living together. But I think, you know,

0:26:35.080 --> 0:26:37.000
<v Speaker 2>we've held off long enough. We should we should talk

0:26:37.000 --> 0:26:41.600
<v Speaker 2>about that metamorphosis, which is what everyone wants to know about,

0:26:42.080 --> 0:26:44.880
<v Speaker 2>and that is basically a caterpillar is doing its thing.

0:26:45.240 --> 0:26:48.399
<v Speaker 2>It's going through those molts. It's that fifth molt. And

0:26:48.440 --> 0:26:51.760
<v Speaker 2>they say, you know what, it's been great, But I

0:26:51.760 --> 0:26:54.080
<v Speaker 2>think I'm tired of eating. Finally, m M. I'm going

0:26:54.119 --> 0:26:56.560
<v Speaker 2>to go off and wander off into the woods. I'm

0:26:56.560 --> 0:26:59.480
<v Speaker 2>going to find a safe spot and I'm going to

0:26:59.720 --> 0:27:03.040
<v Speaker 2>pew everybody, and when you see me again, I will

0:27:03.040 --> 0:27:05.520
<v Speaker 2>be the most beautiful thing you've ever seen.

0:27:05.640 --> 0:27:10.040
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, pretty neat. And this is where the terminology gets

0:27:10.080 --> 0:27:13.800
<v Speaker 1>really confusing if you do any research on.

0:27:13.760 --> 0:27:17.879
<v Speaker 2>This, Yeah, it can for sure. So the pupa.

0:27:17.840 --> 0:27:21.199
<v Speaker 1>Is often referred to as the form, the body form

0:27:21.760 --> 0:27:28.040
<v Speaker 1>that the centipede that the caterpillar is in as it

0:27:28.240 --> 0:27:33.520
<v Speaker 1>enters the transformation. Right, Yes, it's actually the life stage

0:27:33.600 --> 0:27:36.920
<v Speaker 1>like the caterpillar is the larval life stage, the butterfly

0:27:37.040 --> 0:27:39.320
<v Speaker 1>or the moth is the adult. The pupa is the

0:27:39.320 --> 0:27:42.400
<v Speaker 1>life stage in between. But for all intents and purposes,

0:27:42.400 --> 0:27:46.000
<v Speaker 1>you can also say that's a butterfly pupa, although or

0:27:46.320 --> 0:27:51.560
<v Speaker 1>that's a moth pupa. Right, that's the easiest, most understandable

0:27:51.560 --> 0:27:53.560
<v Speaker 1>part of it. It starts to get really strange from

0:27:53.600 --> 0:27:58.199
<v Speaker 1>there because the butterfly caterpillar when it emerges from that

0:27:58.240 --> 0:28:02.240
<v Speaker 1>fifth mold, it has a she'll kind of skin on it,

0:28:02.880 --> 0:28:06.119
<v Speaker 1>and over time, when it turns upside down and hangs

0:28:06.119 --> 0:28:09.880
<v Speaker 1>from a leaf and begins its transformation, that skin hardens

0:28:10.119 --> 0:28:13.040
<v Speaker 1>and it forms basically the protective layer that's going to

0:28:13.119 --> 0:28:17.960
<v Speaker 1>protect that that caterpillar turned butterfly as it undergoes its transformation,

0:28:18.800 --> 0:28:23.480
<v Speaker 1>and that's called the crystalis But just butterfly caterpillars do that, right, not.

0:28:23.560 --> 0:28:27.000
<v Speaker 2>Moths, I think that's right.

0:28:27.320 --> 0:28:30.400
<v Speaker 1>And then I think it's just moths because they don't

0:28:30.400 --> 0:28:34.679
<v Speaker 1>form chrysalis or crysalie. They are the only ones to

0:28:34.720 --> 0:28:37.280
<v Speaker 1>spin a cocoon to protect themselves.

0:28:36.800 --> 0:28:40.000
<v Speaker 2>Correct, right, And that cocoon starts out kind of soft,

0:28:40.000 --> 0:28:43.480
<v Speaker 2>but that eventually hardens as well. But I think that's right.

0:28:44.880 --> 0:28:49.120
<v Speaker 2>But the chrysalis itself is is not some like shell

0:28:49.200 --> 0:28:51.680
<v Speaker 2>they build like it. It is It is the thing.

0:28:51.880 --> 0:28:53.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's the outer layer of skin.

0:28:54.240 --> 0:28:57.480
<v Speaker 2>Okay, yeah, because it can actually twitch and move as

0:28:57.520 --> 0:29:01.560
<v Speaker 2>a defense. Yeah, Like it's it's a thing thinking sentient, well,

0:29:01.560 --> 0:29:04.680
<v Speaker 2>not thinking necessarily, but it is a shell that is

0:29:05.000 --> 0:29:07.240
<v Speaker 2>a living thing. It's not like let me build this,

0:29:07.840 --> 0:29:10.920
<v Speaker 2>you know, this thing to get into. It is the

0:29:10.920 --> 0:29:11.800
<v Speaker 2>thing that it is in.

0:29:11.920 --> 0:29:15.480
<v Speaker 1>Right, So imagine if you underwent this transformation, you probably

0:29:15.520 --> 0:29:18.320
<v Speaker 1>go off into a corner and kind of ball up,

0:29:18.480 --> 0:29:20.680
<v Speaker 1>maybe in a bit of a fetal position. But then

0:29:20.760 --> 0:29:23.840
<v Speaker 1>imagine as part of this process, all of your skin

0:29:23.960 --> 0:29:28.320
<v Speaker 1>fused together and turned into like an outer shell rather

0:29:28.440 --> 0:29:31.880
<v Speaker 1>than you know this this you know, this thing covering you.

0:29:31.960 --> 0:29:34.760
<v Speaker 1>It's it's like this now this big ball that you're

0:29:34.840 --> 0:29:38.200
<v Speaker 1>now kind of separated from inside and you're doing your

0:29:38.200 --> 0:29:40.360
<v Speaker 1>thing inside. Oh yeah, that's kind of like what the

0:29:40.400 --> 0:29:41.280
<v Speaker 1>chrysalis is like.

0:29:42.120 --> 0:29:45.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and so we mentioned the silk like the uses

0:29:45.440 --> 0:29:47.000
<v Speaker 2>as like a climbing rope and stuff like that and

0:29:47.040 --> 0:29:49.800
<v Speaker 2>to build little nests. It really comes in handy when

0:29:49.800 --> 0:29:54.160
<v Speaker 2>it's time to pupate because they use this silk in

0:29:54.240 --> 0:29:56.480
<v Speaker 2>a variety of ways. There's there's more than one way

0:29:56.520 --> 0:29:57.960
<v Speaker 2>to skin a cat, and there's more than one way

0:29:57.960 --> 0:30:01.800
<v Speaker 2>for a caterpillar to metamorphosize. Sometimes, like you said, they

0:30:01.880 --> 0:30:04.960
<v Speaker 2>hang upside down from that leaf, so they've spun like

0:30:05.000 --> 0:30:08.760
<v Speaker 2>a little silk pad that attaches to something. Sometimes they

0:30:08.760 --> 0:30:11.640
<v Speaker 2>create like a little hammock. Sometimes they make like a

0:30:11.640 --> 0:30:15.720
<v Speaker 2>little sling in concert with a stick. There are different

0:30:15.720 --> 0:30:17.920
<v Speaker 2>ways that they can do this, but it always involves

0:30:18.040 --> 0:30:21.400
<v Speaker 2>using silk to sort of stabilize itself, either upside down

0:30:21.480 --> 0:30:24.600
<v Speaker 2>or right side, upper sideways or whatever. And then they

0:30:24.640 --> 0:30:27.840
<v Speaker 2>start to do that thing, whether it's a moth spinning

0:30:27.840 --> 0:30:33.920
<v Speaker 2>that cocoon or just the gradual transformation of caterpillar into chrysalis.

0:30:34.320 --> 0:30:37.200
<v Speaker 1>Right and then so once that happens, once the cocoon

0:30:37.360 --> 0:30:43.040
<v Speaker 1>is full or the crysalis is hardened, This and one

0:30:43.080 --> 0:30:46.320
<v Speaker 1>of the most amazing things that on Earth happens in there.

0:30:46.600 --> 0:30:49.200
<v Speaker 1>And it's neat because we've gotten to the point where

0:30:49.200 --> 0:30:53.800
<v Speaker 1>we have photography that can peer inside of this without

0:30:53.800 --> 0:30:58.440
<v Speaker 1>harming the caterpillar. And they have like time lapse videos

0:30:58.480 --> 0:31:01.600
<v Speaker 1>of this transformation. And as the thing turns more and

0:31:01.640 --> 0:31:05.360
<v Speaker 1>more into what's obviously like a butterfly or moth, and

0:31:05.400 --> 0:31:08.800
<v Speaker 1>you see it hanging upside down just forming it looks

0:31:09.960 --> 0:31:14.640
<v Speaker 1>it looks like a cross between an hr Geiger painting

0:31:15.400 --> 0:31:21.040
<v Speaker 1>and Michael Crichton's Coma, the movie version. It's really neat,

0:31:21.360 --> 0:31:23.920
<v Speaker 1>but it also gives you this It has this kind

0:31:23.920 --> 0:31:26.840
<v Speaker 1>of regal and majestic feel to it as well. I

0:31:27.800 --> 0:31:29.840
<v Speaker 1>produced a lot of emotions in me apparently.

0:31:30.640 --> 0:31:35.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean it's this isn't the science y explanation,

0:31:35.880 --> 0:31:39.960
<v Speaker 2>but it's almost as if you can take a tray

0:31:40.160 --> 0:31:44.520
<v Speaker 2>of put a bunch of spaghetti and meatballs in a

0:31:44.600 --> 0:31:46.880
<v Speaker 2>dish and cover it up and then when you open

0:31:46.920 --> 0:31:50.760
<v Speaker 2>it up it's a lasagna. Yeah, and you're like, how

0:31:50.800 --> 0:31:54.120
<v Speaker 2>did that happen? Like how did that even happen?

0:31:54.360 --> 0:31:58.640
<v Speaker 1>So this is how it happens. The caterpillar breaks itself

0:31:58.680 --> 0:32:03.720
<v Speaker 1>down to a soup of cells, like it's basically like

0:32:03.760 --> 0:32:06.520
<v Speaker 1>a caterpillar soup for a while, and some of the

0:32:06.640 --> 0:32:11.240
<v Speaker 1>cells keep their form generally, or at least stay attached

0:32:11.280 --> 0:32:15.040
<v Speaker 1>to one another. So those leg cells, yeah, they change.

0:32:15.160 --> 0:32:18.400
<v Speaker 1>They look different like a caterpillar's actual true legs, look

0:32:18.440 --> 0:32:20.640
<v Speaker 1>different from the butterfly's true legs, but they're still the

0:32:20.680 --> 0:32:23.880
<v Speaker 1>same cells. They're just they rearrange themselves a little bit.

0:32:24.640 --> 0:32:28.600
<v Speaker 1>Most of the other cells just completely come apart, turn

0:32:28.680 --> 0:32:32.480
<v Speaker 1>into imaginal cells, which are analogous to our stem cells,

0:32:32.960 --> 0:32:34.960
<v Speaker 1>and that they can turn into any kind of cell.

0:32:35.360 --> 0:32:39.960
<v Speaker 1>And then it reconfigures itself using the same cells, same amount,

0:32:40.080 --> 0:32:45.840
<v Speaker 1>same everything into a butterfly. It reconfigures itself over the

0:32:45.880 --> 0:32:47.160
<v Speaker 1>course of about two weeks.

0:32:48.120 --> 0:32:52.000
<v Speaker 2>It's unbelievable. Yeah, it really is. Like my brain breaks

0:32:52.480 --> 0:32:54.360
<v Speaker 2>every time I try to make sense, especially when you

0:32:54.360 --> 0:32:56.680
<v Speaker 2>see what comes out mm hmm, you know. I mean,

0:32:56.680 --> 0:33:00.320
<v Speaker 2>if it came out looking like a dung beetle like

0:33:00.360 --> 0:33:03.120
<v Speaker 2>that would still be awesome. But to come out looking

0:33:03.160 --> 0:33:06.040
<v Speaker 2>like a butterfly with those iridescent wings yea, and the

0:33:06.120 --> 0:33:08.720
<v Speaker 2>little faces on those wings, it's just unbelievable. And I

0:33:08.720 --> 0:33:12.920
<v Speaker 2>guess I mean, evolutionarily speaking, this is all to eventually

0:33:12.960 --> 0:33:14.280
<v Speaker 2>get to like a pollinator.

0:33:15.320 --> 0:33:18.000
<v Speaker 1>I don't understand it. This is where I think they

0:33:18.080 --> 0:33:21.040
<v Speaker 1>that science has kind of thrown off. They're like, the

0:33:21.040 --> 0:33:24.080
<v Speaker 1>best explanation I saw is that it's better than having

0:33:25.440 --> 0:33:28.400
<v Speaker 1>two things compete for the same food source. But that

0:33:28.960 --> 0:33:32.880
<v Speaker 1>doesn't really make any sense, you know, because that doesn't

0:33:32.880 --> 0:33:35.280
<v Speaker 1>make any sense to me at all. I don't understand that.

0:33:35.360 --> 0:33:37.360
<v Speaker 1>But that was the best explanation I saw, and I

0:33:37.400 --> 0:33:38.520
<v Speaker 1>didn't even understand it.

0:33:38.600 --> 0:33:42.120
<v Speaker 2>So as to the why, yeah, yeah.

0:33:42.120 --> 0:33:47.240
<v Speaker 1>Like it's just so strange's I just don't understand it.

0:33:47.400 --> 0:33:50.800
<v Speaker 1>And everything goes through life stages. We go through puberty,

0:33:51.120 --> 0:33:55.640
<v Speaker 1>we become adults, we go from infant babies to grown adults.

0:33:56.120 --> 0:33:59.280
<v Speaker 1>But there's not a period where we stop and over

0:33:59.320 --> 0:34:02.680
<v Speaker 1>the course of two weeks completely reconfigure ourselves into a

0:34:02.720 --> 0:34:05.239
<v Speaker 1>new form. There's not that many things out there that

0:34:05.320 --> 0:34:08.600
<v Speaker 1>do do that, and we just don't fully understand why

0:34:08.680 --> 0:34:11.120
<v Speaker 1>it happens, and maybe we never will, and I think

0:34:11.160 --> 0:34:12.400
<v Speaker 1>that'd be just fine.

0:34:12.760 --> 0:34:15.239
<v Speaker 2>Although I would argue that the Josh Clark I knew

0:34:15.640 --> 0:34:19.000
<v Speaker 2>fifteen years ago his caterpillar like has now emerged as

0:34:19.000 --> 0:34:19.880
<v Speaker 2>a beautiful butterfly.

0:34:20.040 --> 0:34:25.480
<v Speaker 1>Thank you. I remember reading when Christopher Hitchins became a Conservative.

0:34:26.120 --> 0:34:29.520
<v Speaker 1>One of the Liberal members of parliament said that this

0:34:29.600 --> 0:34:32.919
<v Speaker 1>is one of the rare instances where the butterfly turns backward. Lug.

0:34:33.400 --> 0:34:36.680
<v Speaker 2>Oh no, yeah, wow, I'd like to hear what that exit.

0:34:37.000 --> 0:34:38.640
<v Speaker 1>I think I read that in two thousand and seven

0:34:38.680 --> 0:34:39.880
<v Speaker 1>and it still stuck with me.

0:34:40.320 --> 0:34:42.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's a good one. We didn't take our second break,

0:34:42.960 --> 0:34:43.239
<v Speaker 2>did we.

0:34:43.440 --> 0:34:44.120
<v Speaker 1>Nope, it's time.

0:34:44.239 --> 0:34:46.640
<v Speaker 2>All right, well let's take our second break. We'll probably

0:34:46.680 --> 0:34:49.440
<v Speaker 2>still be talking about this metamorphosis, you know when we

0:34:49.520 --> 0:34:51.160
<v Speaker 2>come back, So just be prepared.

0:35:01.760 --> 0:35:03.440
<v Speaker 1>Softly jaw.

0:35:07.239 --> 0:35:14.680
<v Speaker 2>So all right, I mean, I guess we're done talking

0:35:14.680 --> 0:35:20.879
<v Speaker 2>about metamorphosis. It's called holo metabolism. Yeah, that full transformation.

0:35:21.760 --> 0:35:23.960
<v Speaker 2>And I don't think he said it takes a couple

0:35:24.000 --> 0:35:24.720
<v Speaker 2>of weeks generally.

0:35:24.840 --> 0:35:28.160
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I saw about two weeks something like that on average.

0:35:28.239 --> 0:35:30.120
<v Speaker 1>It can be more or less depending on the weather

0:35:30.160 --> 0:35:30.600
<v Speaker 1>and stuff.

0:35:30.800 --> 0:35:33.239
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, And I took it as depending on the weather.

0:35:33.360 --> 0:35:35.480
<v Speaker 2>Meaning is that they don't want to do this in

0:35:35.520 --> 0:35:38.680
<v Speaker 2>the middle of winter. So if they get started and

0:35:38.840 --> 0:35:41.800
<v Speaker 2>like winter comes early, maybe it'll they'll just stay in

0:35:41.880 --> 0:35:43.080
<v Speaker 2>there for a few months. Is that right?

0:35:43.160 --> 0:35:46.400
<v Speaker 1>There are some species that over winter in their cocoon

0:35:46.600 --> 0:35:49.279
<v Speaker 1>or in their chrysalis, and that's just part of their thing.

0:35:49.360 --> 0:35:51.799
<v Speaker 1>But I saw that there's that the ideal there's an

0:35:51.800 --> 0:35:54.440
<v Speaker 1>ideal temperature. That's what I took it to mean. Oh okay,

0:35:54.480 --> 0:35:57.120
<v Speaker 1>and that the ideal temperature is twenty one degree celsius.

0:35:57.160 --> 0:35:59.879
<v Speaker 1>And get this, buddy, I converted to affarent height using

0:36:00.560 --> 0:36:01.680
<v Speaker 1>we talked about the other day.

0:36:01.719 --> 0:36:02.560
<v Speaker 2>So you did it yourself.

0:36:03.080 --> 0:36:05.880
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's like, uh, I I love it down. I

0:36:05.880 --> 0:36:07.799
<v Speaker 1>could do it again if I wanted to, but I'm

0:36:07.800 --> 0:36:09.480
<v Speaker 1>just gonna find what I wrote down. I think it's

0:36:09.520 --> 0:36:13.080
<v Speaker 1>like eighty eight eighty nine degrees fahrenheits.

0:36:12.400 --> 0:36:15.640
<v Speaker 2>All right, I love it when after all.

0:36:15.520 --> 0:36:17.600
<v Speaker 1>These eighty one it's eighty one, you're.

0:36:17.480 --> 0:36:19.680
<v Speaker 2>Still brave enough to put yourself out there with math.

0:36:20.000 --> 0:36:22.520
<v Speaker 1>Here, I'll just do this, okay. So here we find

0:36:22.600 --> 0:36:25.640
<v Speaker 1>fahrenheit from twenty one degree celsius. So it's twenty one

0:36:26.000 --> 0:36:29.560
<v Speaker 1>plus thirty two. Okay, we're getting everything back equal again.

0:36:29.800 --> 0:36:33.680
<v Speaker 1>So what is that fifty six times one point eight

0:36:33.880 --> 0:36:35.600
<v Speaker 1>I believe comes to eighty one.

0:36:36.760 --> 0:36:41.200
<v Speaker 2>When was the last time you did sort of written

0:36:41.239 --> 0:36:43.520
<v Speaker 2>down long division or something like that.

0:36:44.400 --> 0:36:45.960
<v Speaker 1>Oh, it's been a long time. By the way, it's

0:36:46.000 --> 0:36:46.919
<v Speaker 1>eighty four point six.

0:36:46.960 --> 0:36:49.240
<v Speaker 2>Eighty four point six. Can you still do that stuff?

0:36:50.760 --> 0:36:53.840
<v Speaker 1>I don't know, probably if I gave enough time to it. Sure,

0:36:54.080 --> 0:36:56.480
<v Speaker 1>I just just it's not a part of my life.

0:36:56.920 --> 0:36:57.760
<v Speaker 1>Yeah anymore.

0:36:58.040 --> 0:37:00.480
<v Speaker 2>I actually don't know if I remember how to do

0:37:00.560 --> 0:37:05.359
<v Speaker 2>long division. I recently because Ruby is starting, you know,

0:37:05.440 --> 0:37:09.399
<v Speaker 2>like this past year started like multiplication and stuff and

0:37:09.960 --> 0:37:12.120
<v Speaker 2>came at me with like a three digit times of

0:37:12.160 --> 0:37:14.799
<v Speaker 2>two digit and I was like, oh, you know what,

0:37:14.840 --> 0:37:16.640
<v Speaker 2>it was like, I got it. I got it. I remember,

0:37:16.920 --> 0:37:18.600
<v Speaker 2>and I remember how to do that and to carry

0:37:18.600 --> 0:37:22.920
<v Speaker 2>the stuff. But I definitely don't think I could do

0:37:22.960 --> 0:37:25.400
<v Speaker 2>long division anymore. I don't. I sort of remember, but

0:37:25.480 --> 0:37:27.920
<v Speaker 2>I don't think I would fully be able to complete

0:37:27.920 --> 0:37:28.960
<v Speaker 2>a problem.

0:37:29.000 --> 0:37:31.560
<v Speaker 1>By the way. I know I brushed past it because

0:37:31.600 --> 0:37:33.920
<v Speaker 1>I don't handle compliments that well. But I do appreciate

0:37:33.960 --> 0:37:37.080
<v Speaker 1>the comment about me metamorphosizing into a butterfly.

0:37:37.640 --> 0:37:40.480
<v Speaker 2>That was a joke. I'm just kidding.

0:37:40.480 --> 0:37:41.960
<v Speaker 1>We'll definitely edit this part.

0:37:42.080 --> 0:37:44.719
<v Speaker 2>No, it was for sure true. I appreciate you appreciating that.

0:37:45.280 --> 0:37:48.360
<v Speaker 1>So did we just come back from ad break? Is

0:37:48.400 --> 0:37:50.040
<v Speaker 1>that really on here?

0:37:50.160 --> 0:37:52.400
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's what's going on. But we can wrap it

0:37:52.480 --> 0:37:56.640
<v Speaker 2>up and talk about caterpillar management, because here's the deal.

0:37:57.760 --> 0:38:03.000
<v Speaker 2>Caterpillars eat leaves, and you know they can they can

0:38:03.040 --> 0:38:05.960
<v Speaker 2>eat garden stuff if you have a garden that you're planting,

0:38:06.560 --> 0:38:09.879
<v Speaker 2>But it's not that big a deal. Like, individual caterpillars

0:38:09.920 --> 0:38:13.640
<v Speaker 2>are not gonna ravage your garden and spoil your garden.

0:38:14.480 --> 0:38:18.920
<v Speaker 2>If you have big groups of those gregarious caterpillars, they

0:38:18.920 --> 0:38:23.080
<v Speaker 2>can cause problems. But you know, if you see caterpillars

0:38:23.239 --> 0:38:26.279
<v Speaker 2>in your garden, don't like, don't overreact and be like,

0:38:26.280 --> 0:38:29.759
<v Speaker 2>I gotta, I gotta start killing all these caterpillars. You know,

0:38:30.360 --> 0:38:33.759
<v Speaker 2>take a breath, assess your problem. Are they ravaging your

0:38:33.800 --> 0:38:36.120
<v Speaker 2>garden or do you just have some caterpillars here and there,

0:38:36.560 --> 0:38:38.440
<v Speaker 2>like because you want those butterflies later on, don't you.

0:38:39.360 --> 0:38:41.719
<v Speaker 1>Right, Yeah, definitely that's a big part. And it's not

0:38:41.840 --> 0:38:45.319
<v Speaker 1>just for their beauty either. Caterpillars and butterflies alike are

0:38:45.360 --> 0:38:48.680
<v Speaker 1>a food source for birds, which is sad, but that's

0:38:48.760 --> 0:38:51.480
<v Speaker 1>part of the circle of life, I guess. So that's

0:38:51.480 --> 0:38:54.840
<v Speaker 1>one reason alone. They're also probably even more important for

0:38:54.880 --> 0:39:00.520
<v Speaker 1>your garden. Pollinators. Yeah, big time pollinators was a dead

0:39:00.560 --> 0:39:03.600
<v Speaker 1>milkman joke in there. I couldn't quite I couldn't quite

0:39:03.600 --> 0:39:07.640
<v Speaker 1>make it. But so they pollinate their food source, and

0:39:07.840 --> 0:39:11.439
<v Speaker 1>most caterpillars, although all of them eat leaves, and again,

0:39:11.480 --> 0:39:14.640
<v Speaker 1>like we said, they're eating machines, the amount of damage

0:39:14.680 --> 0:39:17.759
<v Speaker 1>they're doing is really kind of pales in comparison to

0:39:17.800 --> 0:39:21.080
<v Speaker 1>the benefits you get from having them in your ecosystem.

0:39:21.160 --> 0:39:22.520
<v Speaker 1>So for the most part, you want to just leave

0:39:22.560 --> 0:39:23.600
<v Speaker 1>them alone. Yeah.

0:39:23.680 --> 0:39:25.799
<v Speaker 2>I mean, there's a whole section if you're interested on

0:39:26.000 --> 0:39:29.839
<v Speaker 2>how to kill and get rid of caterpillars at holstuffworks

0:39:29.840 --> 0:39:32.200
<v Speaker 2>dot com in this article, but I don't even feel

0:39:32.200 --> 0:39:34.360
<v Speaker 2>like talking about it, to be honest.

0:39:34.800 --> 0:39:37.600
<v Speaker 1>Well, let's talk about gregarious caterpillars because those are the

0:39:37.640 --> 0:39:41.640
<v Speaker 1>ones that really are problematic. They can on a bad

0:39:41.760 --> 0:39:45.200
<v Speaker 1>year or a good year for the gregarious caterpillars, they

0:39:45.239 --> 0:39:49.440
<v Speaker 1>can consume up to a quarter of the leaves in

0:39:49.480 --> 0:39:53.520
<v Speaker 1>a forest. Yeah, and they if they attack the same

0:39:53.600 --> 0:39:56.919
<v Speaker 1>tree enough times, they'll kill a tree. So gypsy moth

0:39:57.080 --> 0:40:00.000
<v Speaker 1>caterpillars are gregarious and they're well known for killing tree

0:40:00.280 --> 0:40:02.520
<v Speaker 1>just from eating the leaves off of it. That's how

0:40:02.560 --> 0:40:05.239
<v Speaker 1>much damage they can do. And they can also harm

0:40:05.280 --> 0:40:09.839
<v Speaker 1>crops too, so gregarious caterpillars you actually probably do want

0:40:09.880 --> 0:40:11.880
<v Speaker 1>to get rid of if you come across it. But

0:40:11.920 --> 0:40:14.400
<v Speaker 1>the key is prevention, Like you look for the eggs

0:40:14.520 --> 0:40:17.399
<v Speaker 1>which form a ring around like a tree branch, and

0:40:17.600 --> 0:40:20.359
<v Speaker 1>take care of those. Then, like, don't try to deal

0:40:20.400 --> 0:40:22.360
<v Speaker 1>with them later, it's going to be too late. You

0:40:22.400 --> 0:40:26.080
<v Speaker 1>want to be proactive. They say the best defense is

0:40:27.160 --> 0:40:29.640
<v Speaker 1>shooting your poop five feet away from you.

0:40:29.760 --> 0:40:31.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean, I guess if you're in forest management

0:40:31.719 --> 0:40:34.360
<v Speaker 2>or if you're a farmer and it has like a

0:40:34.400 --> 0:40:36.840
<v Speaker 2>literal effect on your crops and your forests and stuff

0:40:36.880 --> 0:40:40.520
<v Speaker 2>like that. They're out there, you know, burning tents and

0:40:40.600 --> 0:40:43.840
<v Speaker 2>nests and things like that, but that's not something you

0:40:43.840 --> 0:40:46.120
<v Speaker 2>should go out and try to do because that's you

0:40:46.120 --> 0:40:48.240
<v Speaker 2>don't want to catch something on a tree on fire.

0:40:50.480 --> 0:40:51.200
<v Speaker 2>Just not a good idea.

0:40:51.239 --> 0:40:52.960
<v Speaker 1>But can you just see somebody trying to get rid

0:40:52.960 --> 0:40:56.440
<v Speaker 1>of caterpillars like that and you just started a wildfire?

0:40:56.880 --> 0:40:59.520
<v Speaker 2>Yes? I can't, I really can.

0:41:01.320 --> 0:41:03.839
<v Speaker 1>It's hilarious if you think about it, it's so doode

0:41:03.880 --> 0:41:04.160
<v Speaker 1>it is.

0:41:05.760 --> 0:41:07.920
<v Speaker 2>Should we finish up with the assassin caterpillar?

0:41:08.160 --> 0:41:09.799
<v Speaker 1>Well? Can I talk about one more thing? You don't

0:41:09.800 --> 0:41:11.600
<v Speaker 1>want to talk about just for a second, because I

0:41:11.600 --> 0:41:14.440
<v Speaker 1>think it's kind of nuts as well. Okay, there's a

0:41:14.440 --> 0:41:19.839
<v Speaker 1>bacterium called Basillis thryingienis I believe ET for short. This

0:41:19.920 --> 0:41:22.920
<v Speaker 1>is a bacteria that people purposely introduce as a as

0:41:22.960 --> 0:41:26.640
<v Speaker 1>a caterpillar control measure, and it goes in and create

0:41:26.680 --> 0:41:30.480
<v Speaker 1>It produces holes in the caterpillars gut and leads to sepsis,

0:41:30.480 --> 0:41:32.399
<v Speaker 1>and it dies a painful death a few days after

0:41:32.560 --> 0:41:36.960
<v Speaker 1>being infected. This is considered organic gardening. The problem is

0:41:37.000 --> 0:41:40.400
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't just target caterpillars you don't want it. It

0:41:40.400 --> 0:41:43.640
<v Speaker 1>targets all caterpillars. And it's also a pretty terrible way

0:41:43.680 --> 0:41:46.960
<v Speaker 1>to die. So I think I'm with you, Chuck Man.

0:41:47.000 --> 0:41:49.799
<v Speaker 1>I think you just you say the caterpillars are here

0:41:49.800 --> 0:41:51.560
<v Speaker 1>to stay as long as they're not gregarious. I'm just

0:41:51.600 --> 0:41:55.120
<v Speaker 1>gonna let them live and let live. Yeah, okay, I

0:41:55.160 --> 0:41:57.120
<v Speaker 1>just wanted to get on that soapbox for a second.

0:41:57.160 --> 0:42:00.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I'm with you. So I mentioned the assassin capor pillar.

0:42:00.880 --> 0:42:05.799
<v Speaker 2>This is the Linomia obliqua or the giant silkworm moth,

0:42:06.800 --> 0:42:10.400
<v Speaker 2>or the assassin caterpillar. It is the deadliest caterpillar in

0:42:10.440 --> 0:42:15.520
<v Speaker 2>the world, and there have been supposedly several hundred people

0:42:15.840 --> 0:42:20.239
<v Speaker 2>in South America that have died from the toxin injected

0:42:20.840 --> 0:42:24.560
<v Speaker 2>from this caterpillar quills from the sette. Yeah, I think

0:42:24.840 --> 0:42:28.759
<v Speaker 2>it takes a lot. Like even if one of them,

0:42:29.200 --> 0:42:31.400
<v Speaker 2>you know, injected some toxin into you, you're going to

0:42:31.440 --> 0:42:33.719
<v Speaker 2>be uncomfortable and it probably won't feel great. But I

0:42:33.719 --> 0:42:37.239
<v Speaker 2>think you need to get like, you know, twenty to

0:42:37.280 --> 0:42:40.120
<v Speaker 2>one hundred times that to actually kill you. Yet it

0:42:40.160 --> 0:42:40.840
<v Speaker 2>still happens.

0:42:40.920 --> 0:42:44.400
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it does. Apparently it's responsible for five hundred deaths

0:42:44.600 --> 0:42:47.680
<v Speaker 1>around South America I think total, like in all time

0:42:48.000 --> 0:42:51.080
<v Speaker 1>as far as documented goes. Yeah, it takes a lot,

0:42:51.120 --> 0:42:53.680
<v Speaker 1>like I think twenty to one hundred times to kill you.

0:42:54.200 --> 0:42:57.120
<v Speaker 1>But the way that it kills you is it's anticoagulant,

0:42:57.120 --> 0:43:01.040
<v Speaker 1>a very powerful one, and you die of inturn bleeding essentially.

0:43:01.320 --> 0:43:02.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's a it's a blood thinner.

0:43:03.719 --> 0:43:07.920
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and that's that actually is being studied. The toxins

0:43:07.960 --> 0:43:12.840
<v Speaker 1>in that particular caterpillar being studied for its usefulness in biomedicine.

0:43:12.920 --> 0:43:15.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I think they're only what is it, there's like

0:43:15.200 --> 0:43:20.320
<v Speaker 2>thirty two species of Linomia, but only two of those

0:43:21.000 --> 0:43:25.640
<v Speaker 2>have that blood thinner venom, the obliqua and then the achillis.

0:43:26.000 --> 0:43:27.920
<v Speaker 1>But the rest will still sting you. It's just not

0:43:27.960 --> 0:43:31.160
<v Speaker 1>going to kill you. It'll still hurt. That's South America.

0:43:31.200 --> 0:43:33.360
<v Speaker 1>In North America, the biggest one we have is the

0:43:33.440 --> 0:43:41.719
<v Speaker 1>puss caterpillar. Puss megalopige upper cularis the southern flannel moth,

0:43:42.400 --> 0:43:46.479
<v Speaker 1>and just accidentally brushing it can cause excruciating pain I've seen.

0:43:46.600 --> 0:43:50.480
<v Speaker 1>So just be careful, like admire caterpillars with your eyes,

0:43:50.520 --> 0:43:51.719
<v Speaker 1>not with your hands.

0:43:52.000 --> 0:43:54.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I guess I got lucky as a kid by

0:43:54.640 --> 0:43:56.719
<v Speaker 2>just letting them crawl on me for a minute. But yeah,

0:43:56.920 --> 0:43:58.440
<v Speaker 2>I never I never felt that sting.

0:43:59.719 --> 0:44:03.440
<v Speaker 1>There's one other thing too, The Eastern tent caterpillars are problematic,

0:44:03.560 --> 0:44:07.000
<v Speaker 1>especially in places like Kentucky, because they cause what's called

0:44:07.080 --> 0:44:12.400
<v Speaker 1>mayor reproductive loss syndrome, where just I think fifty grams

0:44:12.400 --> 0:44:15.440
<v Speaker 1>which is a tenth of a pound of these caterpillars

0:44:15.800 --> 0:44:18.520
<v Speaker 1>ingested by a horse while it's foraging can cause it

0:44:18.560 --> 0:44:24.640
<v Speaker 1>to lose its fetus, have a stillborn berth, all sorts

0:44:24.680 --> 0:44:26.480
<v Speaker 1>of crazy stuff, so much so that it has a

0:44:26.480 --> 0:44:29.480
<v Speaker 1>whole syndrome named after and it's just from eating these caterpillars.

0:44:30.160 --> 0:44:33.120
<v Speaker 1>Oh wow, isn't that crazy? That is this is a

0:44:33.120 --> 0:44:36.160
<v Speaker 1>good one. I thought you'd like that. Yeah, caterpillars are great.

0:44:36.160 --> 0:44:38.399
<v Speaker 1>I think we should do a two parter with butterflies.

0:44:38.880 --> 0:44:43.040
<v Speaker 2>Oh should we sure? I think Tracy wrote that one too.

0:44:44.120 --> 0:44:45.680
<v Speaker 1>Okay, I say we get on a bench.

0:44:45.960 --> 0:44:47.719
<v Speaker 2>I was going to suggest that, but then I thought,

0:44:47.840 --> 0:44:48.520
<v Speaker 2>is that too much?

0:44:48.920 --> 0:44:51.799
<v Speaker 1>I don't know, I don't know. I guess they don't

0:44:51.800 --> 0:44:53.160
<v Speaker 1>have to come out back to back. They can be

0:44:53.200 --> 0:44:54.120
<v Speaker 1>companion pieces.

0:44:54.160 --> 0:44:55.759
<v Speaker 2>How about that we're back to back and then we

0:44:55.760 --> 0:44:57.200
<v Speaker 2>can skip the metamorphosis marms.

0:44:59.160 --> 0:45:02.120
<v Speaker 1>Well, while we're figuring that out, I say, everybody, it's

0:45:02.120 --> 0:45:03.120
<v Speaker 1>time for listener mail.

0:45:04.960 --> 0:45:07.040
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to call this stuff you should know acrossy.

0:45:07.840 --> 0:45:11.480
<v Speaker 2>I was very excited because one of our listeners, well

0:45:11.480 --> 0:45:13.279
<v Speaker 2>I'll just read it. I'll let you hang on that

0:45:13.280 --> 0:45:16.400
<v Speaker 2>for a second. Hey, guys, When my wife Katie and

0:45:16.440 --> 0:45:19.160
<v Speaker 2>I were dating, we would meet up at lunch to

0:45:19.160 --> 0:45:21.959
<v Speaker 2>do the daily crossword together. I proposed to her twenty

0:45:22.000 --> 0:45:25.520
<v Speaker 2>years ago using a crossword I constructed myself, and years

0:45:25.560 --> 0:45:27.880
<v Speaker 2>later it's not only crosswords, but stuff you should know

0:45:28.440 --> 0:45:31.239
<v Speaker 2>that keeps our marriage life vibrant. It gives us something

0:45:31.280 --> 0:45:33.000
<v Speaker 2>to talk about every week, and needless to say, your

0:45:33.040 --> 0:45:37.280
<v Speaker 2>recent episode on crossword puzzles brought our life together full circle.

0:45:38.000 --> 0:45:40.640
<v Speaker 2>About ten years after we married, I became a published

0:45:40.640 --> 0:45:44.920
<v Speaker 2>crossword constructor and have been. I've continued ever since with

0:45:44.960 --> 0:45:48.040
<v Speaker 2>puzzles in La Times, Wall Street Journal, New York Times,

0:45:48.040 --> 0:45:52.919
<v Speaker 2>among others. So, Jeff is pretty experience is a cross

0:45:52.960 --> 0:45:55.840
<v Speaker 2>the maker. As a thank you for a wonderful episode,

0:45:55.840 --> 0:45:59.120
<v Speaker 2>I'm sending you an original puzzle, the stuff you should know,

0:45:59.200 --> 0:46:03.560
<v Speaker 2>theme you to enjoyed. Wow, And I haven't done it yet.

0:46:03.600 --> 0:46:07.799
<v Speaker 2>It is printed out in my office. A sent me,

0:46:08.280 --> 0:46:10.680
<v Speaker 2>just a you know, send us. It's not a digital version,

0:46:10.719 --> 0:46:13.680
<v Speaker 2>so I can't I can't do it on my phone.

0:46:13.680 --> 0:46:15.719
<v Speaker 2>I got to get out the old pencil nice, which

0:46:15.719 --> 0:46:17.800
<v Speaker 2>would be kind of fun, and I can't wait to

0:46:17.840 --> 0:46:20.160
<v Speaker 2>tackle it. I've just been waiting for the right window

0:46:20.200 --> 0:46:24.399
<v Speaker 2>of time. And that is from Jeff Stillman and big

0:46:24.400 --> 0:46:26.080
<v Speaker 2>shout out to Jeff and his wife Katie.

0:46:26.760 --> 0:46:28.600
<v Speaker 1>I don't know how I missed that one, but I'm

0:46:28.640 --> 0:46:30.400
<v Speaker 1>glad you called it out because I can't wait to

0:46:30.440 --> 0:46:32.120
<v Speaker 1>do that puzzle too. So thanks Jeff.

0:46:32.440 --> 0:46:35.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, got Jeff Stillman, go look at your emails

0:46:35.440 --> 0:46:36.399
<v Speaker 2>and print that sucker out.

0:46:36.600 --> 0:46:40.080
<v Speaker 1>Yes, well, thank you to you both, Jeff and Katie.

0:46:40.120 --> 0:46:41.560
<v Speaker 1>And if you want to be like Jeff and send

0:46:41.640 --> 0:46:44.919
<v Speaker 1>us some amazing thing that's fine with us, you can

0:46:45.040 --> 0:46:53.000
<v Speaker 1>send it via email to stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com.

0:46:53.200 --> 0:46:56.080
<v Speaker 2>Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

0:46:56.200 --> 0:46:59.640
<v Speaker 2>more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple

0:46:59.640 --> 0:47:02.320
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