1 00:00:03,040 --> 00:00:06,840 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind, a production of iHeartRadio. 2 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:15,360 Speaker 2: Hey you welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind. My 3 00:00:15,440 --> 00:00:16,360 Speaker 2: name is Robert. 4 00:00:16,120 --> 00:00:18,239 Speaker 3: Lamb and I am Joe McCormick. 5 00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:21,040 Speaker 2: And in this episode, we're going to be diving into 6 00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:26,040 Speaker 2: ancient Egyptian mythology once more to discuss an important deity 7 00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:30,159 Speaker 2: connected to the topic of resurrection, which I think was 8 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:32,959 Speaker 2: probably on my mind over the weekend due to, first 9 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,760 Speaker 2: of all, it was the Easter holiday. Also on Weird 10 00:00:36,800 --> 00:00:39,440 Speaker 2: House Cinema, which is of our Friday episode and the 11 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 2: Stuff to Blow Your Mind podcast feed, we talked about 12 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:46,559 Speaker 2: Doctor Five's Rises again. I did not think about this 13 00:00:46,800 --> 00:00:49,319 Speaker 2: in terms of the holiday at all. I didn't think, oh, 14 00:00:49,320 --> 00:00:52,720 Speaker 2: this is our Easter selection. But then I noticed our 15 00:00:52,760 --> 00:00:56,760 Speaker 2: social media posts about it on Easter Sunday and it's like, 16 00:00:57,160 --> 00:00:59,360 Speaker 2: you know, talking about the rise of Doctor Five's He's 17 00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:01,200 Speaker 2: Rising again, and I was like, oh, wow, we sort 18 00:01:01,240 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 2: of accidentally nailed it there. 19 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:05,959 Speaker 3: It's a movie that has so many resurrections. It has 20 00:01:06,440 --> 00:01:10,560 Speaker 3: Doctor Fibes himself coming out of a sort of a 21 00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:14,119 Speaker 3: chemically induced slumber where at the end of the first 22 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:17,160 Speaker 3: movie he replaces his blood with embalming fluid and then 23 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:20,240 Speaker 3: goes to sleep in a giant glass contraption under the floor. 24 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:22,679 Speaker 3: At the beginning of this movie, he wakes up again, 25 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:25,040 Speaker 3: So that's one sense of rising, though I guess it's 26 00:01:25,120 --> 00:01:28,760 Speaker 3: questionable whether he technically died or not there, so he 27 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:31,040 Speaker 3: rises at the beginning of the movie. There the rest 28 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:34,440 Speaker 3: of the movie is about him trying to literally resurrect 29 00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:38,280 Speaker 3: his wife Victoria played by Carolyn Monroe from the dead. 30 00:01:38,520 --> 00:01:40,399 Speaker 3: She sort of spins the whole movie in a glass 31 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:42,679 Speaker 3: display case, and he is going to take her to 32 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:46,160 Speaker 3: a temple in ancient Egypt under which lies the secret 33 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:49,720 Speaker 3: to resurrection and eternal life. And he departs the end 34 00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:52,600 Speaker 3: of the movie on a barge singing somewhere over the 35 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:55,800 Speaker 3: rainbow to take Carolyn Monroe down there and bring her 36 00:01:55,880 --> 00:01:59,040 Speaker 3: back to life. And I would mention a third resurrection 37 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:03,200 Speaker 3: in the film, which is that the character Vulnavia, which 38 00:02:03,560 --> 00:02:06,840 Speaker 3: is melted like sort of a robot clockwork organism. We're 39 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:09,960 Speaker 3: not exactly sure. From the first movie, it's doctor Phibes's 40 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:14,160 Speaker 3: hinchwoman who helps him commit his quote amazing murders. She 41 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:16,280 Speaker 3: is melted by acid at the end of the first 42 00:02:16,280 --> 00:02:21,080 Speaker 3: movie and then just inexplicably comes back in the second movie. Also, 43 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:24,640 Speaker 3: they resurrect Terry Thomas. Remember, yeah, he bites it in 44 00:02:24,680 --> 00:02:26,560 Speaker 3: the first movie, and then he just comes back playing 45 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:29,359 Speaker 3: a totally separate character in the second movie. And I 46 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 3: think that motif of coming back in bodily form but 47 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:37,680 Speaker 3: playing a different character, maybe maybe it may have some 48 00:02:37,760 --> 00:02:39,880 Speaker 3: thematic resonance. That's right. 49 00:02:41,040 --> 00:02:44,399 Speaker 2: So what we're gonna We're gonna be talking about Osirius. 50 00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:48,800 Speaker 2: I don't think Osyrus came up in Doctor fivee rises again, 51 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:51,320 Speaker 2: maybe they made passing reference to him. I think I 52 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:54,400 Speaker 2: made passing reference to Osirius when we were talking about 53 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:59,120 Speaker 2: the film. But this is a deity best known for 54 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:04,359 Speaker 2: his connections to fertility, to the ancient Egyptian underworld, and 55 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:06,320 Speaker 2: to rights of mummification. 56 00:03:06,840 --> 00:03:08,800 Speaker 3: So, you know, I've seen lots of depictions of the 57 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,680 Speaker 3: god o Cyrus before I was familiar with the imagery 58 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:15,360 Speaker 3: associated with him. But something I had never noticed until 59 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 3: I was reading up in preparation for this episode is 60 00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:21,600 Speaker 3: that while on the top half of his body, he 61 00:03:21,720 --> 00:03:24,360 Speaker 3: is often depicted, you know, looking kind of like a 62 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:26,680 Speaker 3: like a king or a pharaoh, you know, very stately, 63 00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:29,200 Speaker 3: with a beard, with his with his face exposed under 64 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:31,160 Speaker 3: the crown and all that. If you look down at 65 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:34,640 Speaker 3: the lower part of his body, apparently his legs are 66 00:03:34,720 --> 00:03:39,400 Speaker 3: depicted wrapped together in the in the wrappings of mummification, 67 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 3: so it's like the bottom half of his body is 68 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:43,600 Speaker 3: already mummified. 69 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:47,120 Speaker 2: That's right. Yeah, And I invite listeners who are in 70 00:03:47,120 --> 00:03:49,560 Speaker 2: a position to do so safely, to go ahead and 71 00:03:49,560 --> 00:03:54,160 Speaker 2: look up some images of historical depictions of Osiris from 72 00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:57,480 Speaker 2: ancient Egypt. Yeah, he's generally depicted as a mummified king, 73 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:01,720 Speaker 2: you know, bound as in is in the wrappings of mummification. 74 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:05,920 Speaker 2: His skin, as is exposed, you know, in his face 75 00:04:05,960 --> 00:04:09,520 Speaker 2: and neck and hands, is apparently either black or green. 76 00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 2: I tend to find more images of green color choices 77 00:04:12,880 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 2: though that may have at one point signified putrification and death, 78 00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:20,720 Speaker 2: but came to symbolize his connection to the cycle of 79 00:04:20,800 --> 00:04:25,960 Speaker 2: death and life, of resurrection and rebirth, particularly resurrection and 80 00:04:25,960 --> 00:04:29,440 Speaker 2: rebirth linked to that of plant life. On top of this, 81 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:32,240 Speaker 2: he is generally depicted as wearing a crown, and he 82 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:38,599 Speaker 2: brandishes a crook and a flail, so strong agricultural vibes already. 83 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:40,839 Speaker 3: But also with power and authority, you know, it's the 84 00:04:40,880 --> 00:04:44,000 Speaker 3: crook and the flail and the autaf crown, the crown 85 00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:46,000 Speaker 3: I think of Upper Egypt. This is the imagery of 86 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:46,360 Speaker 3: a king. 87 00:04:46,680 --> 00:04:49,359 Speaker 2: Yeah, absolutely so he is. He is very much like 88 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:53,720 Speaker 2: an embodimentum of a mummified king. So let's get a 89 00:04:53,760 --> 00:04:57,080 Speaker 2: little bit into the myth of Osiris. Now, standard caveat 90 00:04:57,120 --> 00:05:00,240 Speaker 2: with mythology. You know, as usually is the case, we're 91 00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:03,479 Speaker 2: not dealing with a singular idea from a singular time 92 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:07,520 Speaker 2: and place, but rather a figure and associated narratives that 93 00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:10,960 Speaker 2: stirred in the minds of ancient peoples for thousands of years. 94 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:14,200 Speaker 2: We have various accounts of Osiris to go off of, 95 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:18,480 Speaker 2: but our understanding of Osiris is also incomplete, and indeed, 96 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:20,960 Speaker 2: we don't know with one hundred percent certainty what his 97 00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:24,480 Speaker 2: name even means. It might well mean the Mighty One, 98 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 2: but I think there are some other ideas out there. 99 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:32,320 Speaker 2: There's plenty that experts have had to piece together about 100 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:38,400 Speaker 2: Osiris that is not explicitly obvious in the source material. Now, 101 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:41,200 Speaker 2: one of the books that I turned to for this 102 00:05:41,279 --> 00:05:43,760 Speaker 2: episode is the two thousand and two book Egyptian Mythology 103 00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:47,800 Speaker 2: by Geraldine Pinch. Pinch also points out that we don't 104 00:05:47,839 --> 00:05:52,279 Speaker 2: know when, how, and where Osiris was first worshiped. He 105 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:55,520 Speaker 2: might have kicked things off as kind of a deified 106 00:05:55,640 --> 00:05:59,560 Speaker 2: pre dynastic king. He might have been an old vegetation spirit, 107 00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:03,599 Speaker 2: a god, or even a mother goddess. And I'm also 108 00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:05,840 Speaker 2: assuming based on this that you know, there might have 109 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:09,920 Speaker 2: been some interplay between these concepts, you know, various varied 110 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:13,640 Speaker 2: possible origins, gods that are combined into new gods and 111 00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:18,960 Speaker 2: so forth. Now, Pinch summarizes the sort of the what 112 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:21,520 Speaker 2: you might think of as the canonical rise and fall 113 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:26,760 Speaker 2: and resurrection of Osiris, pointing out that first of all, 114 00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:30,240 Speaker 2: he's generally thought to have been born with a crown 115 00:06:30,279 --> 00:06:33,560 Speaker 2: on his head. So taking that concept of born a king, 116 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,560 Speaker 2: that is theay referenced in Christian hymns, sometimes referring to Jesus, 117 00:06:38,120 --> 00:06:39,640 Speaker 2: but taking it to a literal degree. 118 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,560 Speaker 3: Ah, So, whereas a lot of kings, say, might be 119 00:06:43,640 --> 00:06:46,160 Speaker 3: born with a right to the throne that has then 120 00:06:46,279 --> 00:06:49,920 Speaker 3: recognized in a coronation by placing the crown upon their head, 121 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:53,839 Speaker 3: that this king is born with the crown already there, like, 122 00:06:53,880 --> 00:06:56,359 Speaker 3: it doesn't need to be recognized. 123 00:06:55,920 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 2: Exactly king at his birth literally because he's look, he's 124 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:01,159 Speaker 2: wearing a little crown. I guess maybe the crown grows 125 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:02,760 Speaker 2: with him. I mean, he's a god. He can do 126 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:07,159 Speaker 2: these things. And fortunately his mother was also a god, 127 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:09,880 Speaker 2: so he was the eldest son. It is that of 128 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:12,840 Speaker 2: the earth god Geb and the sky god as Newt. 129 00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 2: So in many respects, he is the place where earth 130 00:07:16,440 --> 00:07:21,560 Speaker 2: and sky converge. He's the very horizon. Now. Pinch shares 131 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:24,880 Speaker 2: that some accounts allude to him overcoming his father in 132 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:29,520 Speaker 2: a vicious dynastic struggle for rule, and one late text 133 00:07:29,960 --> 00:07:34,400 Speaker 2: claims that he died for the first time during this struggle. However, 134 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:37,320 Speaker 2: she stresses that no accounts of Osiris's rule and his 135 00:07:37,400 --> 00:07:41,800 Speaker 2: death survive from before the Greco Roman period concerning this issue, 136 00:07:41,920 --> 00:07:45,040 Speaker 2: so but one way or another, he comes to reign 137 00:07:45,080 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 2: over Egypt with his sister consort Isis at his side. 138 00:07:48,960 --> 00:07:51,560 Speaker 2: But of course this rule does not last according to 139 00:07:51,560 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 2: the pyramid texts of the Late Old Kingdom, so these 140 00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:57,840 Speaker 2: are for more than four thousand years ago. Osiris was 141 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:01,040 Speaker 2: murdered by his brother Seth or Seth, who we've talked 142 00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:03,320 Speaker 2: about on the show before, in part because there is 143 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:06,680 Speaker 2: some mystery and disagreement on what the set animal or 144 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:12,360 Speaker 2: Seth animal is that his iconography is based upon. But anyway, 145 00:08:12,400 --> 00:08:16,080 Speaker 2: we have this this brother Seth strikes his brother down 146 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:19,960 Speaker 2: and tramples him and or drowns him in the Nile River, 147 00:08:20,360 --> 00:08:23,120 Speaker 2: and Pinch writes that a double death may have been 148 00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:25,000 Speaker 2: deemed necessary to kill a god. 149 00:08:25,280 --> 00:08:27,840 Speaker 3: Okay, So, one way or another, either drowned in the 150 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:31,480 Speaker 3: water or trampled or both, Osiris is dead. 151 00:08:31,760 --> 00:08:35,200 Speaker 2: That's right, He's overthrown, He's been murdered. And one way 152 00:08:35,280 --> 00:08:39,640 Speaker 2: or another, Osiris's dead body becomes fragmented, either via a 153 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:43,680 Speaker 2: deliberate chopping up of his corpse by Seth or possibly 154 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 2: due to decomposition. In either event, the dead body of 155 00:08:47,400 --> 00:08:51,640 Speaker 2: Osiris becomes divided into in some cases fourteen pieces, though 156 00:08:51,679 --> 00:08:55,439 Speaker 2: sometimes it's like forty two pieces. A certain number of 157 00:08:55,520 --> 00:09:01,559 Speaker 2: pieces of the dead god come into circulation here. And 158 00:09:02,040 --> 00:09:05,920 Speaker 2: I think this varies from something that happens right away again, 159 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:07,600 Speaker 2: like I've killed you and now I'm going to chop 160 00:09:07,600 --> 00:09:11,520 Speaker 2: you up, to something that Seth does later, like comes 161 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:16,800 Speaker 2: and despoils the corpse of Osiris, or something that happens 162 00:09:16,880 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 2: naturally later on. In any case, the pieces are either 163 00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:22,360 Speaker 2: scattered or become scattered. 164 00:09:22,760 --> 00:09:25,480 Speaker 3: Okay, so yeah, that's something I don't know if I 165 00:09:25,520 --> 00:09:29,160 Speaker 3: ever understood before. Do the pieces come apart as something 166 00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:31,280 Speaker 3: that his enemy does to him? Is it kind of 167 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:35,400 Speaker 3: a William Wallace situation or is it more kind of 168 00:09:35,400 --> 00:09:37,720 Speaker 3: a some kind of magical principle at work. 169 00:09:38,080 --> 00:09:41,360 Speaker 2: Yeah, based on my understanding of the different accounts that 170 00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:43,199 Speaker 2: are looking at here, it looks like it does vary, 171 00:09:44,400 --> 00:09:47,960 Speaker 2: and it also seems to vary whether those pieces stays 172 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:52,200 Speaker 2: to some degree scattered or are truly brought together again. 173 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 2: It kind of I guess it kind of depends on 174 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:58,600 Speaker 2: what sort of concepts are important to the story. That 175 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:00,960 Speaker 2: may make more sense when I start talking about specifics 176 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:03,720 Speaker 2: here in a minute. But in any event, it falls 177 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:06,880 Speaker 2: to Isis to gather the pieces of the fallen Osiris 178 00:10:07,240 --> 00:10:10,960 Speaker 2: and seek his resurrection via powerful magic, with the aid 179 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,520 Speaker 2: of Annibus, an underworld deity and thought a god of 180 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:17,800 Speaker 2: magic who've also talked about on the show before. Now, 181 00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:22,080 Speaker 2: Isis herself was the mother and throne goddess, so each 182 00:10:22,120 --> 00:10:25,320 Speaker 2: Egyptian king is her child. It falls to her to 183 00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:29,120 Speaker 2: find and gather the pieces of slain Osiris to assemble 184 00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:32,480 Speaker 2: him and hold a long vigil over the corpse along 185 00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:36,120 Speaker 2: with their sister Nephthus, and they use a spoken magic, 186 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:39,400 Speaker 2: Pinch says, to drive away Seth the disturber. So I 187 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:41,560 Speaker 2: guess there's this idea that even as they are trying 188 00:10:41,559 --> 00:10:45,600 Speaker 2: to bring him back, Seth is trying to disrupt their attempt. 189 00:10:45,720 --> 00:10:50,040 Speaker 3: Almost like a scavenger or predatory animal circling. Yeah. 190 00:10:50,480 --> 00:10:55,120 Speaker 2: Now, during this reassembly, Osiris is He's described by Pinch 191 00:10:55,160 --> 00:10:58,520 Speaker 2: as the inert one. So all of the pieces of 192 00:10:58,559 --> 00:11:02,040 Speaker 2: Osiris are either in hair together or assembled into a 193 00:11:02,080 --> 00:11:07,000 Speaker 2: hole except for his fallas. And remember again that Osiris 194 00:11:07,080 --> 00:11:10,640 Speaker 2: is also a god of fertility, and by this Fallus 195 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 2: or depending on the story, by a flash of divine fire, 196 00:11:14,800 --> 00:11:19,040 Speaker 2: whatever the case Isis becomes pregnant with the son by 197 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:23,440 Speaker 2: the deceased god. And this son is going to be Horace, 198 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:28,200 Speaker 2: the son destined to overcome Seth. So she raises Horace 199 00:11:28,240 --> 00:11:30,480 Speaker 2: in the marshes. She has to raise him in safety 200 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 2: and secrecy until he is old enough to challenge his 201 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:37,640 Speaker 2: father's usurper, which he does. He defeats Seth and he 202 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:38,880 Speaker 2: becomes the new ruler. 203 00:11:39,280 --> 00:11:40,959 Speaker 3: Now I think you're going to get into this in 204 00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:43,320 Speaker 3: a minute. But that part of the myth is important 205 00:11:43,320 --> 00:11:47,240 Speaker 3: because this will come to have a great significance for 206 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:51,080 Speaker 3: the succession in the real world of divine kingship as 207 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:52,280 Speaker 3: a concept in Egypt. 208 00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 2: Right now. Another interesting part here is that despite Osiris's 209 00:11:57,800 --> 00:12:02,959 Speaker 2: connection with the concept of resurrection by many definitions or 210 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 2: in certainly sort of modern interpretations, and I guess like 211 00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:09,680 Speaker 2: dungeons and dragons to interpretations, he is not truly resurrected 212 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:12,839 Speaker 2: at this point. He does not become living flesh again. 213 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:15,720 Speaker 2: He is not resurrected into this world. 214 00:12:15,920 --> 00:12:18,120 Speaker 3: Right and this will be an important point of contention 215 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:20,240 Speaker 3: for a question that I think we're going to get 216 00:12:20,240 --> 00:12:24,520 Speaker 3: into in part two of this series about the concept 217 00:12:24,559 --> 00:12:28,680 Speaker 3: of resurrection in ancient religions. But yeah, Osiris is not 218 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 3: thought to be raised back to the form and the 219 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:36,120 Speaker 3: place where he originally lived. There is a instead, he 220 00:12:36,240 --> 00:12:38,880 Speaker 3: goes on living, but it is in a new form 221 00:12:39,080 --> 00:12:41,040 Speaker 3: in a new world. There is in a sense a 222 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:42,240 Speaker 3: new Osiris. 223 00:12:42,559 --> 00:12:45,880 Speaker 2: That's right. So basically, the higher powers and other powers 224 00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:49,080 Speaker 2: of note here decide that okay, Osiris, you were just, 225 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:53,400 Speaker 2: but your death was not just. So therefore he's permitted 226 00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:56,400 Speaker 2: to leave his now mummified body and become the Lord 227 00:12:56,440 --> 00:12:59,360 Speaker 2: of the dead in the afterlife, the judge and ruler 228 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:01,840 Speaker 2: of the kingdom of the dead. And it seems like 229 00:13:01,880 --> 00:13:05,480 Speaker 2: a pretty cool gig to have a Pinch points out that. 230 00:13:06,920 --> 00:13:07,240 Speaker 3: Quote. 231 00:13:07,240 --> 00:13:09,640 Speaker 2: At all periods. There are a few texts that describe 232 00:13:09,679 --> 00:13:13,840 Speaker 2: Osiris as a terrifying figure who dispatches demon messengers to 233 00:13:13,920 --> 00:13:16,640 Speaker 2: drag the living into the gloomy realm of the dead. 234 00:13:17,240 --> 00:13:20,960 Speaker 2: So inert but not powerless by any means, and he 235 00:13:21,080 --> 00:13:23,920 Speaker 2: is just he is an appropriate judge. He said to 236 00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:27,440 Speaker 2: rule over the dead as when enifer, which either means 237 00:13:27,520 --> 00:13:30,760 Speaker 2: the one whose body did not decay, and we see 238 00:13:30,760 --> 00:13:33,840 Speaker 2: that again his connection to mummification and rights of mummification. 239 00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:36,520 Speaker 2: Though I think it's also, according to Pinch, sometimes translated 240 00:13:36,559 --> 00:13:40,520 Speaker 2: as the beneficent One. This was also apparently the title 241 00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:55,319 Speaker 2: for the high priest of Osiris in religious traditions. These 242 00:13:55,360 --> 00:14:00,160 Speaker 2: are the basic core myths concerning Osiris to consider, but 243 00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:02,440 Speaker 2: you know, we always go deeper than that, like what 244 00:14:02,480 --> 00:14:04,319 Speaker 2: are we to make of these myths? What do people 245 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:07,280 Speaker 2: think they meant? What did they signify? Why did they 246 00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:12,480 Speaker 2: have such you know, cultural significance, And again we have 247 00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:17,760 Speaker 2: to realize that understandings and interpretations change over time. Middle 248 00:14:17,840 --> 00:14:20,920 Speaker 2: Kingdom rituals seem to associate the body of Osiris with 249 00:14:21,040 --> 00:14:25,360 Speaker 2: barley and the trampling seth. Again, remember the trampling being 250 00:14:25,440 --> 00:14:29,560 Speaker 2: part of the murder of Osiris. There seems to be 251 00:14:29,880 --> 00:14:32,960 Speaker 2: a strong case for associating that trampling with the donkeys 252 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:37,920 Speaker 2: that would thresh the grain via trampling, thus linking his 253 00:14:38,040 --> 00:14:41,720 Speaker 2: death and resurrection in this earliest known example to the 254 00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:43,840 Speaker 2: cyclical reaping and sowing of crops. 255 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:48,160 Speaker 3: Yes, and again asterisk on the word resurrection there. But 256 00:14:48,480 --> 00:14:51,640 Speaker 3: you know, it's an interesting thing how people often do 257 00:14:51,760 --> 00:14:57,240 Speaker 3: associate religious ideas of resurrection with the cycles of life, 258 00:14:57,440 --> 00:15:00,120 Speaker 3: in the cycles of plant life in the seasons. But 259 00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:02,800 Speaker 3: when you were talking about donkeys threshing grain, you know, 260 00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:06,240 Speaker 3: I made another kind of association there, which is that 261 00:15:06,320 --> 00:15:09,560 Speaker 3: the grain begins as something that is from the living plant, 262 00:15:09,960 --> 00:15:14,000 Speaker 3: but then when it is is put through agricultural processing, 263 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:16,680 Speaker 3: it is in a way reborn, and it doesn't go 264 00:15:16,760 --> 00:15:19,560 Speaker 3: on to live again as a plant, but instead it 265 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 3: goes on to live in a different way. It becomes 266 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:25,520 Speaker 3: something else, which is grain and ultimately food. 267 00:15:26,160 --> 00:15:30,680 Speaker 2: Yeah, these different sort of phase changes occur. It has 268 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:34,520 Speaker 2: also pointed out that you would have these ethyphallic figures 269 00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:39,400 Speaker 2: of Osiris that would be planted with crops, so they 270 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:42,560 Speaker 2: would have like a representation of the god planted with 271 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:46,000 Speaker 2: the grains, planted with the seeds that you know, that 272 00:15:46,040 --> 00:15:48,600 Speaker 2: would that would help enable everything to grow into its 273 00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:49,200 Speaker 2: next form. 274 00:15:49,600 --> 00:15:52,480 Speaker 3: If if phallic, does that mean that's a representation of 275 00:15:52,520 --> 00:15:53,520 Speaker 3: the god with an erection? 276 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:59,120 Speaker 2: Yes, that's the literal, different definition though. I was looking 277 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:01,200 Speaker 2: at an image of one of these figures in the 278 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:05,080 Speaker 2: British Museum's website and and I'm not sure that that's 279 00:16:05,120 --> 00:16:09,520 Speaker 2: really as pronounced in this image, but but that is 280 00:16:09,600 --> 00:16:11,160 Speaker 2: that is all. That's how it's classified. 281 00:16:11,520 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 3: Oh wait, I see it. 282 00:16:13,760 --> 00:16:18,240 Speaker 2: Well, it's well compared to it's not as it's not 283 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:21,000 Speaker 2: as as obvious as one might expect. 284 00:16:21,400 --> 00:16:23,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's certainly not as obvious as you might see. 285 00:16:23,720 --> 00:16:27,720 Speaker 3: And like some other statuary from the ancient world. 286 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:31,000 Speaker 2: Well, I assume the thing is Ocyrus is wrapped in bandages, 287 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,160 Speaker 2: so it's like it's he's not naked. 288 00:16:34,520 --> 00:16:34,720 Speaker 3: Now. 289 00:16:34,760 --> 00:16:37,320 Speaker 2: There were also New Kingdom period traditions that linked o 290 00:16:37,440 --> 00:16:41,720 Speaker 2: Cyrus to water, with all the liquids of his putrefying 291 00:16:41,760 --> 00:16:44,920 Speaker 2: body being linked to the annual inundation of the Nile, 292 00:16:45,680 --> 00:16:48,760 Speaker 2: and not necessarily just putrefying liquids like you know, just 293 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:52,280 Speaker 2: the various liquids of the body, but also like putrification 294 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:54,560 Speaker 2: liquids thrown in there. So I don't want to make 295 00:16:54,600 --> 00:16:57,440 Speaker 2: it sound like it's all gross or anything. And at 296 00:16:57,520 --> 00:16:59,960 Speaker 2: least one tradition holding that his body parts are bare. 297 00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:02,960 Speaker 2: It's scattered sites throughout Egypt and the tomb of the 298 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:06,160 Speaker 2: left leg on the Nile island of Baiga. I've also 299 00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:08,320 Speaker 2: seen this place referred to simply as the tomb of 300 00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:11,960 Speaker 2: Osiris Uh. Anyway, different traditions hold that this is the 301 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:15,639 Speaker 2: source of the inundation. Now I'm thinking about the underworld 302 00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:18,200 Speaker 2: and the cosmos of the ancient Egyptians, which I think, 303 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:19,919 Speaker 2: on one hand, it's easy to think of that, Okay, 304 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:22,720 Speaker 2: this is these are the worlds beyond our world, but 305 00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:26,920 Speaker 2: also they're kind of tied to to what is seen 306 00:17:27,040 --> 00:17:33,320 Speaker 2: and what is not seen, but kind of implied. Basically. 307 00:17:33,400 --> 00:17:35,080 Speaker 2: The one area I want to touch on here is 308 00:17:35,080 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 2: the idea of the sun bargs the manget, the boat 309 00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:42,080 Speaker 2: of millions of years that travels through the sky with 310 00:17:42,160 --> 00:17:46,160 Speaker 2: the sun and then down each night over the horizon 311 00:17:46,359 --> 00:17:49,320 Speaker 2: and then through the underworld to emerge once more on 312 00:17:49,359 --> 00:17:51,600 Speaker 2: the other side. And of course there's there's fighting that 313 00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:53,439 Speaker 2: takes place. It is like a kind of a it's 314 00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:57,879 Speaker 2: a perilous journey for the Sun through the underworld to 315 00:17:58,000 --> 00:17:59,800 Speaker 2: come back again when the sun rises. 316 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:02,440 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's a whole quest. It's a whole quest line. 317 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:05,280 Speaker 2: Yeah, which is which is at once again very epic 318 00:18:05,320 --> 00:18:09,120 Speaker 2: and otherworldly, but also tied directly to what we observe 319 00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:11,880 Speaker 2: occurring with the sun. Like, okay, the sun goes here 320 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:15,040 Speaker 2: and then it goes under seemingly and comes back. What's 321 00:18:15,119 --> 00:18:17,200 Speaker 2: going on there? And then we have this mythic extrapolation 322 00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:20,080 Speaker 2: of that. But according to Pinch. 323 00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 3: It's singing somewhere over the rainbow. 324 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:26,159 Speaker 2: According to Pinch, the New Kingdom under and the New 325 00:18:26,240 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 2: Kingdom Underworld books specify that during the darkest hour of 326 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:34,040 Speaker 2: the night, the god that is that is driving the 327 00:18:34,080 --> 00:18:39,520 Speaker 2: sun barge ray or raw passes through the underworld chamber 328 00:18:39,560 --> 00:18:42,960 Speaker 2: where the body of Osiris rests, and in this moment 329 00:18:43,359 --> 00:18:47,040 Speaker 2: they become one soul and this allows Osyrus and all 330 00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:50,080 Speaker 2: the dead to live again. M So, now that we've 331 00:18:50,200 --> 00:18:54,000 Speaker 2: established some of the basics about this underworld fertility god. 332 00:18:55,119 --> 00:18:57,320 Speaker 2: I wanted to get into the cult of Osiris a 333 00:18:57,320 --> 00:19:00,640 Speaker 2: bit more. Again, we don't know exactly when or how 334 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:04,280 Speaker 2: Osiris was first worshiped, or indeed the earliest form or 335 00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 2: forms that he took in these ancient Egyptian belief systems, 336 00:19:08,400 --> 00:19:11,280 Speaker 2: but over time he becomes vitally linked with the cycle 337 00:19:11,320 --> 00:19:15,520 Speaker 2: of life and death, with crops, with the inundation, with mummification, 338 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:17,440 Speaker 2: and the promise of resurrection. 339 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:20,480 Speaker 3: And just a note on terminology. When we talk about 340 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:23,840 Speaker 3: things like the cult of Osiris, cult in that sense 341 00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 3: does not have the negative connotations that cult has in 342 00:19:26,520 --> 00:19:28,440 Speaker 3: the modern world. That's just the term you use for 343 00:19:28,520 --> 00:19:31,399 Speaker 3: like any any group in the ancient world that is 344 00:19:31,600 --> 00:19:33,639 Speaker 3: devoted to the care and worship of a god. 345 00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:36,560 Speaker 2: Right now, one topic that I was really taken with 346 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:40,800 Speaker 2: was discussion of the popularity of Osiris, and to a 347 00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:44,479 Speaker 2: certain extent, the overall popularity of the ancient Egyptian religion, because, 348 00:19:44,960 --> 00:19:47,639 Speaker 2: on one hand, I don't remember where I read this, 349 00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:51,680 Speaker 2: but I know I've read commentary that the ancient Egyptian 350 00:19:51,720 --> 00:19:56,120 Speaker 2: religion was something very much all of the desert of 351 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:59,399 Speaker 2: this nile nourished region and something that just did not 352 00:19:59,520 --> 00:20:02,840 Speaker 2: travel and was not picked up by other cultures in 353 00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:06,800 Speaker 2: a meaningful deeper way. But on the other hand, the 354 00:20:06,800 --> 00:20:10,640 Speaker 2: trappings of ancient Egypt clearly have fascinated other cultures for 355 00:20:10,680 --> 00:20:14,840 Speaker 2: an exceedingly long period of time, often in these waves 356 00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:19,119 Speaker 2: of Egyptomania, as it's sometimes termed. So I really wanted 357 00:20:19,119 --> 00:20:21,679 Speaker 2: to get into this latter idea a bit more so 358 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:24,840 Speaker 2: I turned to various sections dealing with Osiris in the 359 00:20:24,880 --> 00:20:29,520 Speaker 2: excellent twenty sixteen book Egyptomania, A History of Fascination, Obsession, 360 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 2: and Fantasy by Ronald H. 361 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:32,640 Speaker 3: Fritz. 362 00:20:33,119 --> 00:20:38,200 Speaker 2: Okay, so Fritz mentions that the aforementioned pyramid texts from 363 00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,440 Speaker 2: more than four thousand years ago refer to differing ideas 364 00:20:41,440 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 2: about life and death, but also they bring up the 365 00:20:44,960 --> 00:20:50,000 Speaker 2: rising popularity of Osiris within the pantheon. And I was 366 00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:52,600 Speaker 2: thinking about this as well. I think this is something 367 00:20:52,680 --> 00:20:55,960 Speaker 2: interesting to observe in religion, that it's mostly within these 368 00:20:55,960 --> 00:20:59,199 Speaker 2: polytheistic traditions that you really get to see or in 369 00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:01,320 Speaker 2: the and or magic and this idea of the rise 370 00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:05,400 Speaker 2: and fall of particular gods and goddesses, as well as 371 00:21:05,440 --> 00:21:10,000 Speaker 2: the more like straightforward adoption of foreign originating gods into 372 00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:13,760 Speaker 2: a given pantheon. You know, we've discussed examples of this before, 373 00:21:14,440 --> 00:21:17,560 Speaker 2: but there's not there's either no room for this or 374 00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:20,159 Speaker 2: not as much room for this in monotheistic traditions. 375 00:21:20,640 --> 00:21:23,040 Speaker 3: Yeah, I mean, I guess it depends on the specific 376 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:26,359 Speaker 3: monotheistic religion, but yes, like growing up a lot of people, 377 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:28,840 Speaker 3: this is another one of the many ways that if 378 00:21:28,880 --> 00:21:31,200 Speaker 3: you grow up in a certain religious context, you might 379 00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:34,800 Speaker 3: just assume that all religions are similar to your religion. 380 00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:37,600 Speaker 3: So like growing up in a Christian context, I think 381 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:41,240 Speaker 3: a lot of people think that all religions have a 382 00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:44,639 Speaker 3: quote jealous God, like the like the Abrahamic faiths. Do 383 00:21:44,840 --> 00:21:46,720 Speaker 3: you know a God who says you shall worship me 384 00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:50,199 Speaker 3: and me alone? And there's basically one right way to 385 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:52,800 Speaker 3: have a religion, and it's it's the one you've got, 386 00:21:53,280 --> 00:21:56,440 Speaker 3: whereas with a lot of polytheistic religions, it's it's much 387 00:21:56,480 --> 00:22:00,200 Speaker 3: more free form. You know that you can add God 388 00:22:00,359 --> 00:22:02,520 Speaker 3: on to the list of gods that you worship, you 389 00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,080 Speaker 3: can remove gods, you can sort of like just shift 390 00:22:05,160 --> 00:22:08,840 Speaker 3: your focus wherever you think it is best. And that 391 00:22:09,119 --> 00:22:12,040 Speaker 3: doesn't compute Like a lot of Christians look back on 392 00:22:12,440 --> 00:22:15,480 Speaker 3: the pagan context of the Roman Empire, say, and they 393 00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:19,480 Speaker 3: don't realize that. Like when you would be preaching about 394 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:23,040 Speaker 3: Jesus to Roman pagans, to a lot of them, they 395 00:22:23,119 --> 00:22:25,160 Speaker 3: just be hearing about this is well, this is another god. 396 00:22:25,240 --> 00:22:25,399 Speaker 1: You know. 397 00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:28,800 Speaker 3: I've got Apollo, and I've got Jupiter and these other 398 00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:31,520 Speaker 3: gods that I worship, and here somebody's talking about a 399 00:22:31,520 --> 00:22:34,639 Speaker 3: new one. Oh, except this is weird. They're telling me 400 00:22:34,680 --> 00:22:37,199 Speaker 3: that if I worship this new one, if I worship Christ, 401 00:22:37,280 --> 00:22:40,200 Speaker 3: I can't worship any of the others anymore. That would 402 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:41,720 Speaker 3: be weird and different. 403 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:44,639 Speaker 2: Yeah, it's like downloading apps for your phone, right, Like, 404 00:22:44,720 --> 00:22:46,720 Speaker 2: what's this one do? This is a new one. Sounds useful. 405 00:22:46,760 --> 00:22:48,920 Speaker 2: I'll get it too. Whoa this one says, I can't 406 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,159 Speaker 2: use any other apps. I've just I've got to use 407 00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:55,480 Speaker 2: this one universal app for everything. Yeah, does it work? 408 00:22:55,560 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 2: Is what it sounds like. If it's promises to do everything, 409 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,240 Speaker 2: it probably doesn't do them as well as these specialized 410 00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:02,520 Speaker 2: apps that I already had. 411 00:23:02,840 --> 00:23:05,520 Speaker 3: But to come back to your original example, yes, sort 412 00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:07,840 Speaker 3: of the rise and fall in the popularity of various 413 00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:11,679 Speaker 3: gods within these polytheistic pantheons where you can believe in 414 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:14,280 Speaker 3: multiple gods and devote whatever time and care you think 415 00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:18,320 Speaker 3: is appropriate to each one of them. I guess. You know, 416 00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:22,200 Speaker 3: the institution of a monotheistic faith like Christianity would be 417 00:23:22,240 --> 00:23:24,919 Speaker 3: an outlier there where it's like suddenly you pick that, 418 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:27,240 Speaker 3: you pick the new God, the Christ, and you can't 419 00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:29,800 Speaker 3: believe in any of the others anymore. That one goes 420 00:23:29,880 --> 00:23:31,760 Speaker 3: right to the top. But with the others, yeah, you 421 00:23:31,800 --> 00:23:33,880 Speaker 3: do get to see these fluctuations over time. 422 00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:36,239 Speaker 2: Yeah, like some of the Christian examples we've looked at 423 00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:38,760 Speaker 2: in the past, it's like, oh, your God, actually it 424 00:23:38,800 --> 00:23:40,960 Speaker 2: can be part of this religion. But I'm sorry, they're 425 00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,359 Speaker 2: a demon now, Yeah, the demons were rebel angels that 426 00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:47,760 Speaker 2: our God defeated, so but yeah, we can work them 427 00:23:47,800 --> 00:23:51,199 Speaker 2: in as that. But then again, I was thinking about this, 428 00:23:51,280 --> 00:23:54,000 Speaker 2: it's like, well, well, we've also looked at examples where, 429 00:23:54,600 --> 00:23:59,680 Speaker 2: you know, in various Greek myths where something that was 430 00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:03,000 Speaker 2: one a deity for a particular time and place then 431 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:06,119 Speaker 2: later on becomes more of a supporting character or a 432 00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:07,359 Speaker 2: monster or something. 433 00:24:07,119 --> 00:24:07,760 Speaker 3: To that effect. 434 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:11,600 Speaker 2: So it's something that takes place just in general, I guess, 435 00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:14,200 Speaker 2: and is not particular to monotheistic or polytheistic. 436 00:24:15,359 --> 00:24:15,840 Speaker 3: One way I. 437 00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:17,399 Speaker 2: Kept thinking of it those kind of like if you 438 00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:20,640 Speaker 2: had like a stock ticker for belief. You know, it's 439 00:24:20,640 --> 00:24:23,399 Speaker 2: like polytheism, you have a lot of different stocks that 440 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:26,119 Speaker 2: are going up and down. But under monotheism, like you're 441 00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:29,760 Speaker 2: supposed to just have the one stock. Yeah, and you're 442 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,120 Speaker 2: either all invested in that or people are falling out 443 00:24:32,119 --> 00:24:34,720 Speaker 2: of interest of that. I don't know. It's not a 444 00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:39,240 Speaker 2: perfect way of thinking about it, but it does seem like, 445 00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:44,120 Speaker 2: certainly with the polytheistic religions of the Greeks and the Romans, 446 00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:47,720 Speaker 2: there is a lot more openness to hey, there's a 447 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:51,720 Speaker 2: new god this other country has, let's take a look 448 00:24:51,720 --> 00:24:53,760 Speaker 2: at it. Let's see what worshiping this god is, Like, 449 00:24:53,800 --> 00:24:54,840 Speaker 2: what's going to this cult? 450 00:24:54,880 --> 00:24:54,960 Speaker 1: Like? 451 00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:58,600 Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, there's a lot of just absorption of other figures. 452 00:24:58,920 --> 00:25:01,640 Speaker 3: One example that I I was just reading about earlier today. Again, 453 00:25:01,720 --> 00:25:03,600 Speaker 3: I think we're going to talk about this more in 454 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:07,119 Speaker 3: the second episode is there's a Greek figure sometimes referred 455 00:25:07,119 --> 00:25:09,200 Speaker 3: to as a god. He was like a mortal lover 456 00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:12,879 Speaker 3: of Aphrodite named Adonis, who is very much thought to 457 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:17,679 Speaker 3: have been derived from other deities other ancient Near Eastern 458 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:24,480 Speaker 3: deities like Mesopotamian agriculture gods such as Tamuz or DEMUSI. 459 00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:28,320 Speaker 3: So it's just here's a cult figure from one part 460 00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:31,520 Speaker 3: of the world is absorbed into the number of gods 461 00:25:31,560 --> 00:25:33,280 Speaker 3: believed in in a different part of the world. 462 00:25:33,680 --> 00:25:35,159 Speaker 2: I just want to add a quick note since we 463 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:38,440 Speaker 2: are talking at least briefly here about monotheism and polytheism, 464 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:41,400 Speaker 2: and in an episode that deals with ancient Egyptian religion, 465 00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:43,680 Speaker 2: where we're not going to have time to get into 466 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,400 Speaker 2: discussion of and Autanism here. But of course that has 467 00:25:47,440 --> 00:25:49,520 Speaker 2: been like a discussion I think we've touched on in 468 00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:52,960 Speaker 2: the past, where as some experts agree or disagree on 469 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:58,200 Speaker 2: whether Autanism is truly a monotheistic religion or should be 470 00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:01,920 Speaker 2: thought of as such. So that's a whole different subject 471 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:02,720 Speaker 2: for another time. 472 00:26:03,440 --> 00:26:06,520 Speaker 3: The short version is one ancient Egyptian king tried to 473 00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:10,880 Speaker 3: elevate a particular deity from the Egyptian pantheon above all 474 00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:15,560 Speaker 3: others and make that the exclusive focus of state worship. 475 00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:18,359 Speaker 3: But yeah, you can read more about that if you 476 00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:19,159 Speaker 3: go look up Autum. 477 00:26:19,359 --> 00:26:22,399 Speaker 2: Yeah, and basically after that king's death, everyone's like, well, 478 00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:24,080 Speaker 2: let's go back to the other thing. We were doing 479 00:26:24,359 --> 00:26:26,600 Speaker 2: where maybe not as into the sun disc as we 480 00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:40,000 Speaker 2: were pretending to be anyway, back to a cyrus here. So, 481 00:26:40,200 --> 00:26:43,800 Speaker 2: Fritz writes that the Old Kingdom, so this is roughly 482 00:26:44,200 --> 00:26:47,840 Speaker 2: twenty seven hundred to twenty two hundred BC, was more rigid, 483 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:51,040 Speaker 2: was more formal, but that the Middle Kingdom to follow, 484 00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:55,200 Speaker 2: also known as the Period of Reunification from twenty forty 485 00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:59,320 Speaker 2: to seventeen eighty two BC, it was more balance, more sympathetic. 486 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:02,239 Speaker 2: There's great literacy, there is more of a melding of 487 00:27:02,240 --> 00:27:05,280 Speaker 2: sort of high mythology and the folklore of the people, 488 00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:08,159 Speaker 2: and the rulers of this period promoted the worship of 489 00:27:08,160 --> 00:27:13,560 Speaker 2: Osiris and the cult symphasis on resurrection and the afterlife. Now, 490 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:16,200 Speaker 2: I think it's easy to take this last bit for granted, 491 00:27:17,560 --> 00:27:20,520 Speaker 2: because if you adhere to a religion, or you're closely 492 00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:23,800 Speaker 2: aligned with one or one or more religions via your culture, 493 00:27:23,880 --> 00:27:27,440 Speaker 2: your upbringing, or just your general interests, then the continuation 494 00:27:27,520 --> 00:27:30,760 Speaker 2: of the soul is not a radical concept. It's like 495 00:27:30,800 --> 00:27:34,119 Speaker 2: it's hard to put yourself in a mindset where someone 496 00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:37,439 Speaker 2: is coming at you with some radically new concept of 497 00:27:38,400 --> 00:27:41,520 Speaker 2: religious continuation of the soul of some sort of immortality 498 00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:44,119 Speaker 2: of the soul, someone saying, hey, guess what, you know 499 00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:46,800 Speaker 2: that part of you that feels special inside your consciousness 500 00:27:46,840 --> 00:27:49,480 Speaker 2: and heart and all of that. What if that doesn't 501 00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:52,679 Speaker 2: have to be annihilated when you die? And I have 502 00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:55,679 Speaker 2: to stress. I say this as someone who was raised 503 00:27:55,680 --> 00:28:00,080 Speaker 2: in a Protestant church that even now sometimes for me 504 00:28:00,280 --> 00:28:03,720 Speaker 2: it's more challenging to exercise or entertain a worldview in 505 00:28:03,760 --> 00:28:07,720 Speaker 2: which there is no continuation of the human soul after death. 506 00:28:08,080 --> 00:28:10,880 Speaker 2: And that's regardless of logic or reason. It's just such 507 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:13,400 Speaker 2: a huge part of not only the Christian worldview view 508 00:28:13,400 --> 00:28:17,159 Speaker 2: but also the mainstream worldview that of course what we 509 00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:20,439 Speaker 2: have is special, and that somehow it continues on in 510 00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:23,760 Speaker 2: one form or another, either directly aligned with some sort 511 00:28:23,760 --> 00:28:26,119 Speaker 2: of belief system or just you know, in sort of 512 00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:29,600 Speaker 2: the general pop culture sense of like spirits and angels 513 00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:32,520 Speaker 2: and like, there's just something that must live on after 514 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:35,880 Speaker 2: we die in our physical bodies. And there's nothing wrong 515 00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:38,040 Speaker 2: with that concept, I think, at least just when it's 516 00:28:38,040 --> 00:28:40,080 Speaker 2: employed in a way that gives us hope and peace, 517 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:42,920 Speaker 2: though of course it can also be used for opposite aims. 518 00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:46,760 Speaker 2: But to bring us back to this period, in which 519 00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:49,240 Speaker 2: like the Cult of Osiris is rising and it's becoming 520 00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:52,120 Speaker 2: more and more popular. Imagine a religious world and a 521 00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:56,840 Speaker 2: worldview in which the afterlife is largely unavailable. It exists, 522 00:28:57,480 --> 00:29:01,400 Speaker 2: but it's not for the common people, not for most people. 523 00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:04,840 Speaker 2: It is for a very small percentage of people. It 524 00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:10,080 Speaker 2: is like the equivalent of like extreme opulent wealth in 525 00:29:10,120 --> 00:29:14,080 Speaker 2: our world, you know, like it is the SuperMansion with 526 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:18,480 Speaker 2: the apocalypse bunker. You know it is. This is only 527 00:29:18,560 --> 00:29:22,880 Speaker 2: for a very small, very slender portion of society. It 528 00:29:22,960 --> 00:29:26,080 Speaker 2: is not for you. But during the Middle Kingdom you 529 00:29:26,160 --> 00:29:30,760 Speaker 2: have this ongoing democratization of the afterlife, fritz It describes, 530 00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:34,200 Speaker 2: and this was enhanced by the cult of Osiris. So 531 00:29:34,240 --> 00:29:36,480 Speaker 2: I want to read a passage from Fritzer where he 532 00:29:36,480 --> 00:29:39,800 Speaker 2: goes through an example of this quote. Prior to the 533 00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:43,560 Speaker 2: Middle Kingdom, Egyptians believed that all people possessed a ka, 534 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:47,640 Speaker 2: or a soul or life force, but only rulers possessed 535 00:29:47,640 --> 00:29:52,320 Speaker 2: a ba, which was the individual uniqueness that constitutes a personality. 536 00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:56,160 Speaker 2: It required the ka and the Ba to be kept 537 00:29:56,280 --> 00:30:00,160 Speaker 2: united or at least in close proximity for immortality in 538 00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:03,120 Speaker 2: the afterlife. When the people of the Middle kingdom came 539 00:30:03,120 --> 00:30:06,360 Speaker 2: to believe that all humans had a ba. They were 540 00:30:06,640 --> 00:30:10,360 Speaker 2: conceding that everyone could enjoy the after life if the 541 00:30:10,400 --> 00:30:15,800 Speaker 2: proper burial rituals were followed. Yeah, so suddenly it's available 542 00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,880 Speaker 2: to everyone who at least can undergo the proper rituals. 543 00:30:19,080 --> 00:30:22,480 Speaker 2: And so you saw certain rituals become more popular and 544 00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:25,440 Speaker 2: are more present in the archaeological record, such as the 545 00:30:25,520 --> 00:30:30,720 Speaker 2: use of shabti statues. They begin to appear in more tombs. 546 00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:35,000 Speaker 2: These would have been like little representations of servants, servants 547 00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,960 Speaker 2: that would work for the deceased in the afterlife, like 548 00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:41,040 Speaker 2: this will be buried with you, and now you will 549 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:43,320 Speaker 2: have a servant to help you in the afterlife. This 550 00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:45,640 Speaker 2: sort of general idea we see in various other religions 551 00:30:45,680 --> 00:30:51,560 Speaker 2: as well. Okay, and so osiris becomes very popular within Egypt. 552 00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:55,920 Speaker 2: But then eventually the ancient Greeks and then the ancient 553 00:30:56,000 --> 00:31:00,000 Speaker 2: Romans they also get a whiff of osiris and they're like, oh, 554 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,680 Speaker 2: we would like some of that as well. He points 555 00:31:02,680 --> 00:31:05,080 Speaker 2: out that the ancient Greeks and Romans were some of 556 00:31:05,120 --> 00:31:10,040 Speaker 2: the initial egyptomaniacs, and while the Greeks found on the 557 00:31:10,080 --> 00:31:13,480 Speaker 2: whole that the religion of the Egyptians was profoundly different 558 00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:16,160 Speaker 2: from their own. They were intrigued by its systems of 559 00:31:16,240 --> 00:31:19,719 Speaker 2: magic and by it, you know, its deities, just as 560 00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:22,920 Speaker 2: we are intrigued by these things today. And they did 561 00:31:22,960 --> 00:31:27,440 Speaker 2: recognize some fundamental similarities. He writes that the Greeks frequently 562 00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:32,800 Speaker 2: attempted to synchronize the gods of other cultures with their own, 563 00:31:33,240 --> 00:31:38,040 Speaker 2: and they certainly did this with the Egyptians. And actually, 564 00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:43,080 Speaker 2: for some Greek writers, these fundamental similarities were incredibly important. 565 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:46,280 Speaker 3: Right, So they might say, actually, we're talking about the 566 00:31:46,320 --> 00:31:49,000 Speaker 3: same god when we say this God and they say 567 00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:51,520 Speaker 3: that God. But we just have different names for the 568 00:31:51,520 --> 00:31:52,600 Speaker 3: same one here. 569 00:31:52,680 --> 00:31:54,320 Speaker 2: Right, And they seem to take it even a step 570 00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:57,120 Speaker 2: beyond that, because it's one thing to say, well, you know, 571 00:31:57,200 --> 00:31:59,600 Speaker 2: I have my concept of God and you have yours 572 00:32:00,240 --> 00:32:01,520 Speaker 2: on the same you know where else, really on the 573 00:32:01,560 --> 00:32:06,000 Speaker 2: same wavelength. But it's another to say your yours came first. 574 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:09,280 Speaker 2: I'm pretty sure mine's just a knockoff of yours, you know. 575 00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:13,200 Speaker 2: And we kind of see this. According to Fritz So, 576 00:32:13,280 --> 00:32:17,920 Speaker 2: fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus concluded that knowledge of 577 00:32:17,960 --> 00:32:22,400 Speaker 2: the gods spread from Egyptian origins to the Greeks. So 578 00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:25,400 Speaker 2: it's like, well, the Egyptians discovered the gods first, and 579 00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:28,959 Speaker 2: we just followed. We learned of this from them, And anyway, 580 00:32:28,960 --> 00:32:31,720 Speaker 2: he ends up drawing numerous lines between Greek gods and 581 00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:35,360 Speaker 2: possible Egyptian origins, though Fritz points out that there are 582 00:32:35,440 --> 00:32:37,680 Speaker 2: there are clear exceptions to this line of thinking, such 583 00:32:37,720 --> 00:32:42,680 Speaker 2: as Poseidon, who was apparently brought to Greece more from 584 00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:46,640 Speaker 2: the direction of Libya. Still, others made these connections. To 585 00:32:46,760 --> 00:32:49,960 Speaker 2: Plutarch made these connections, so there seems to have been 586 00:32:50,200 --> 00:32:52,920 Speaker 2: at the very least like a recognized heritage in all 587 00:32:52,960 --> 00:32:56,080 Speaker 2: of this. Now that and certainly the Greeks and the 588 00:32:56,160 --> 00:32:59,080 Speaker 2: Romans were particularly taken by not only a Cyrus, but 589 00:32:59,120 --> 00:33:03,640 Speaker 2: also isis Here's another bit from Fritz that I want 590 00:33:03,680 --> 00:33:07,120 Speaker 2: to read. Quote. Although in the modern stereotype the Egyptian 591 00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:11,280 Speaker 2: religion is depicted as mystical, mysterious and magical, Greek and 592 00:33:11,400 --> 00:33:14,840 Speaker 2: Roman visitors did not see it in this way. Plutarch's 593 00:33:14,840 --> 00:33:19,560 Speaker 2: staunchly defended Egyptian religion as rational and ethical rather than 594 00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:23,160 Speaker 2: merely superstitious. Herodotus went so far as to credit the 595 00:33:23,160 --> 00:33:27,240 Speaker 2: Egyptians with the invention of the common practices of ancient religion, 596 00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:31,040 Speaker 2: such as altars, statues, and temples dedicated to the various gods. 597 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,640 Speaker 2: The cult of Isis became so populated that it spread 598 00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:39,080 Speaker 2: throughout the lands of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman Empire. 599 00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:43,720 Speaker 3: I mean, first of all, ancient Egypt was simply so ancient, 600 00:33:43,920 --> 00:33:48,760 Speaker 3: like there were these remnants of great civilizations that had 601 00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:52,080 Speaker 3: been around for so long. We've mentioned this on the 602 00:33:52,080 --> 00:33:56,480 Speaker 3: show before, but the astounding fact that to the Romans, 603 00:33:56,640 --> 00:34:00,800 Speaker 3: like Plutarch, you know, the old King of Egypt, the 604 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:04,760 Speaker 3: pyramids were older to them than the Roman Empire is 605 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:10,240 Speaker 3: to us. The distance of history there is is crazy 606 00:34:10,280 --> 00:34:14,320 Speaker 3: to believe. So so there's there. On one hand, ancient 607 00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:18,000 Speaker 3: Egypt was just so evidently ancient as a great civilization, 608 00:34:18,800 --> 00:34:21,360 Speaker 3: you could imagine things, many things you had might have 609 00:34:21,400 --> 00:34:24,000 Speaker 3: come from it. But then also, as you're saying, there's 610 00:34:24,080 --> 00:34:26,800 Speaker 3: just this clear spread of say, the cult of Isis. 611 00:34:27,239 --> 00:34:30,400 Speaker 2: Yeah, and at the same time, yes, sometimes attributing things 612 00:34:30,480 --> 00:34:35,279 Speaker 2: to the Egyptians that that they probably didn't invent, Like 613 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:41,799 Speaker 2: Fritz mentions that that Diodorus credited of Cyrus with the 614 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:45,520 Speaker 2: invention of great cultivation and ultimately wine making, though there 615 00:34:45,560 --> 00:34:48,600 Speaker 2: does not seem to be evidence of this, you know 616 00:34:48,640 --> 00:34:52,160 Speaker 2: that they're that wine and great cultivation has an Egyptian 617 00:34:52,200 --> 00:34:55,960 Speaker 2: origin now, but eventually we do see more of a 618 00:34:56,000 --> 00:35:01,320 Speaker 2: full on appropriation and recreation of Egyptian concepts. And in 619 00:35:01,440 --> 00:35:03,360 Speaker 2: one of the strong examples of this, and one of 620 00:35:03,360 --> 00:35:07,560 Speaker 2: the concerns of Cyrus is the god so rapists, this 621 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:12,239 Speaker 2: would have been a Greco Egyptian syncretic deity. So it's 622 00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:17,839 Speaker 2: it's like an amalgam of both Cyrus and in Oppus, 623 00:35:18,080 --> 00:35:20,319 Speaker 2: as well as aspects of various Greek deities, like I 624 00:35:20,320 --> 00:35:23,160 Speaker 2: think there's a little Zeus and Hades in there. This 625 00:35:23,160 --> 00:35:25,520 Speaker 2: would have been a being that would have that would 626 00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:31,240 Speaker 2: have become popular on under the Ptolemaic rule. But still 627 00:35:31,239 --> 00:35:34,399 Speaker 2: that doesn't mean that, for instance, that doesn't really seem 628 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:37,400 Speaker 2: to impact Isis. Based on what I've read, the worship 629 00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:40,520 Speaker 2: of Isis may have spread even more in Roman culture. 630 00:35:40,880 --> 00:35:44,200 Speaker 2: Worship of Isis would travel along trade routes through the 631 00:35:44,239 --> 00:35:48,400 Speaker 2: Mediterranean world into Spain and even to the British Isles, 632 00:35:48,480 --> 00:35:52,360 Speaker 2: so I think there I've read articles about archaeological evidence 633 00:35:52,440 --> 00:35:56,320 Speaker 2: of Isis worship, like ancient Isis worship in London. So 634 00:35:56,360 --> 00:35:59,399 Speaker 2: I'm not talking about like later periods of Egyptomania where 635 00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:02,800 Speaker 2: you had occultists and so forth bringing in the concept 636 00:36:02,840 --> 00:36:08,839 Speaker 2: of isis, but kind of like original Isis worship, if 637 00:36:08,880 --> 00:36:11,160 Speaker 2: you will. But then again to the point, and I 638 00:36:11,200 --> 00:36:13,640 Speaker 2: don't want to go through all the examples of egypt Domania. 639 00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:16,719 Speaker 2: I do recommend everyone check out that book, because this 640 00:36:16,840 --> 00:36:20,520 Speaker 2: is a book that deals not only with like ancient 641 00:36:20,880 --> 00:36:25,239 Speaker 2: Egyptian religion and culture in its origin, but also these 642 00:36:25,320 --> 00:36:28,320 Speaker 2: various levels of egypt Domania from like you know, dealing 643 00:36:28,320 --> 00:36:31,120 Speaker 2: with examples from say the Victorian world and the Renaissance 644 00:36:31,560 --> 00:36:35,680 Speaker 2: on up through like trashy be movies if like you know, 645 00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:39,239 Speaker 2: brief breakdowns of some really bad Mummy movies. But they 646 00:36:39,239 --> 00:36:43,960 Speaker 2: are examples of at least the reverberations of international and 647 00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:49,480 Speaker 2: multicultural interest in ancient Egypt. And it may in many 648 00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:51,360 Speaker 2: cases it might not be that deep. You know, it 649 00:36:51,480 --> 00:36:53,040 Speaker 2: might be just like, oh, I kind of like how 650 00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:54,880 Speaker 2: this looks and this sounds weird to me, so I'm 651 00:36:54,880 --> 00:36:57,000 Speaker 2: gonna make a horror movie. But it's still you know, 652 00:36:57,120 --> 00:37:02,799 Speaker 2: reverberations are the same energy. But we'll mention one really 653 00:37:02,840 --> 00:37:07,520 Speaker 2: quickly so during Renaissance Egypt Doomania, there was still a 654 00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:11,040 Speaker 2: fair amount of pull toward Osiris. There's a character that 655 00:37:11,280 --> 00:37:15,560 Speaker 2: was an Italian who was originally named Giovanni Nani who 656 00:37:15,560 --> 00:37:18,160 Speaker 2: lived fourteen thirty two through fifteen oh two, went by 657 00:37:18,160 --> 00:37:24,040 Speaker 2: the name Viterbo, and he made various connections between Etruscan 658 00:37:24,120 --> 00:37:27,560 Speaker 2: traditions and the Egyptians. But he even went so far 659 00:37:27,560 --> 00:37:32,880 Speaker 2: as to claim that the Boreses were the descendants of Osiris. 660 00:37:33,160 --> 00:37:36,480 Speaker 2: I'm not sure what sort of supporting material he made 661 00:37:36,520 --> 00:37:41,279 Speaker 2: for that, but in anyway, Osiris would continue to serve 662 00:37:41,320 --> 00:37:45,600 Speaker 2: as a central figure in various waves of Egyptomania moving forward. 663 00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:51,879 Speaker 2: So Osiris is invoked in various occultist movements. In Osiris 664 00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:56,319 Speaker 2: is definitely invoked by various ancient astronaut writers, and you 665 00:37:56,400 --> 00:38:00,640 Speaker 2: also see the use of Osiris in the movements of 666 00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:03,719 Speaker 2: Afrocentrists and also afro Futurists. It's just, I mean, he 667 00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:07,640 Speaker 2: is a powerful figure mythologically, and of course he's going 668 00:38:07,680 --> 00:38:09,719 Speaker 2: to We're going to keep coming back to him and 669 00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:12,440 Speaker 2: finding new ways to sort of think about him and 670 00:38:12,520 --> 00:38:14,319 Speaker 2: new ways to invoke him. 671 00:38:14,680 --> 00:38:16,920 Speaker 3: Okay, well, I think maybe that will do it for 672 00:38:17,080 --> 00:38:20,600 Speaker 3: part one of our series on Osiris, but we've got 673 00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:22,759 Speaker 3: more to talk about next time. That's right. 674 00:38:23,200 --> 00:38:26,839 Speaker 2: We shall return in a part two and that will 675 00:38:26,880 --> 00:38:30,560 Speaker 2: be on Thursday. In the meantime, certainly write in if 676 00:38:30,600 --> 00:38:34,480 Speaker 2: you have feedback on this episode of other examples of osiris, 677 00:38:34,560 --> 00:38:37,680 Speaker 2: or isisigyptomania that you want to bring up. Everything is 678 00:38:37,760 --> 00:38:40,160 Speaker 2: fair game, but just a reminder. Stuff Blow your Mind 679 00:38:40,239 --> 00:38:42,800 Speaker 2: is primarily a science and culture podcast, with core episodes 680 00:38:42,800 --> 00:38:45,759 Speaker 2: on Tuesdays and Thursdays. On Mondays we do listener mail. 681 00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:47,960 Speaker 2: On Wednesdays we do a short form episode, and on 682 00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:50,279 Speaker 2: Fridays we set aside most serious concerns to just talk 683 00:38:50,320 --> 00:38:53,240 Speaker 2: about a weird film on Weird House Cinema. 684 00:38:53,400 --> 00:38:57,040 Speaker 3: Huge thanks as always to our excellent audio producer JJ Posway. 685 00:38:57,200 --> 00:38:58,759 Speaker 3: If you would like to get in touch with us 686 00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:01,280 Speaker 3: with feedback on this episode or any other, to suggest 687 00:39:01,360 --> 00:39:03,759 Speaker 3: topic for the future, or just to say hello, you 688 00:39:03,760 --> 00:39:06,520 Speaker 3: can email us at contact at stuff to Blow your 689 00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:07,399 Speaker 3: Mind dot com. 690 00:39:14,840 --> 00:39:17,799 Speaker 1: Stuff to Blow Your Mind is production of iHeartRadio. For 691 00:39:17,880 --> 00:39:20,640 Speaker 1: more podcasts from my Heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, 692 00:39:20,800 --> 00:39:37,359 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.