1
00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,040
Speaker 1: Hey, everyone, Technically you're getting two days in History today

2
00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:05,680
Speaker 1: because we were running two episodes from the History Vault.

3
00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:08,880
Speaker 1: You'll also here two hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson.

4
00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:16,240
Speaker 1: Hope you enjoy. Welcome to this Day in History class.

5
00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:20,959
Speaker 1: It's July. Confederate spy Belle Boyd was captured on this

6
00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:24,640
Speaker 1: day in eighteen sixty two. Let's start with the tiny

7
00:00:24,640 --> 00:00:28,160
Speaker 1: bit about her life. She was born in Martinsburg, Virginia,

8
00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:30,640
Speaker 1: which is now in West Virginia, on May ninth of eight.

9
00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:34,440
Speaker 1: She was the oldest of eight children. Kind of a tomboy,

10
00:00:34,640 --> 00:00:37,760
Speaker 1: was also at same time raised to be a proper

11
00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:41,920
Speaker 1: Southern lady. She attended Mount Washington Female College, and she

12
00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:44,879
Speaker 1: had a formal society debut in Washington, d c. In

13
00:00:44,920 --> 00:00:48,640
Speaker 1: eighteen sixty. But the Civil War started not long after

14
00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:51,720
Speaker 1: her debut. She was seventeen at the time. She came

15
00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:54,600
Speaker 1: back home to Martinsburg to raise money for the war

16
00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:57,200
Speaker 1: and to serve as a nurse. Her father had also

17
00:00:57,360 --> 00:01:00,560
Speaker 1: volunteered for the Confederate Army. They were kind of an

18
00:01:00,560 --> 00:01:04,039
Speaker 1: outlier in Martinsburg, though there were a lot of Union

19
00:01:04,200 --> 00:01:08,080
Speaker 1: supporters in Martinsburg and in all of the territory that

20
00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:11,520
Speaker 1: would become West Virginia. West Virginia would become a state

21
00:01:11,600 --> 00:01:16,320
Speaker 1: on June eighteen sixty three after seceding from Virginia, and

22
00:01:16,760 --> 00:01:20,360
Speaker 1: West Virginia didn't join the South in the fight for slavery.

23
00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:24,959
Speaker 1: On July three, Federal troops occupied Martinsburg, and then, according

24
00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:28,120
Speaker 1: to Boyd's own account, they heard that she had a

25
00:01:28,120 --> 00:01:31,560
Speaker 1: bunch of Confederate flags hanging in her room. They came

26
00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:33,680
Speaker 1: to her house to take the flags down and then

27
00:01:33,720 --> 00:01:37,000
Speaker 1: to replace them with a Union flag, but her family

28
00:01:37,040 --> 00:01:39,520
Speaker 1: got rid of all those flags before they got there.

29
00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:43,840
Speaker 1: They raised their Federal flag anyway, and then during the

30
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:49,320
Speaker 1: argument that followed, a soldier from the north quote addressed

31
00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:52,600
Speaker 1: my mother and myself in language as offensive as it

32
00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:56,880
Speaker 1: is possible to conceive, was from Boyd's own writing, So

33
00:01:57,160 --> 00:02:00,880
Speaker 1: according to Boyd's account, she shot him and he died,

34
00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:05,720
Speaker 1: but a Union officer ruled this to be a justifiable homicide,

35
00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:09,160
Speaker 1: so Boyd was allowed to remain free. But a detail

36
00:02:09,280 --> 00:02:12,400
Speaker 1: of Union soldiers were put around her home, either to

37
00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:14,720
Speaker 1: protect her or to keep an eye on her, it's

38
00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:18,240
Speaker 1: not clear which, and she started talking to them, listening

39
00:02:18,280 --> 00:02:22,040
Speaker 1: to them, eavesdropping on their conversations and then passing that

40
00:02:22,200 --> 00:02:26,359
Speaker 1: information onto the Confederacy. By the fall of eighteen sixty one,

41
00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:30,200
Speaker 1: she was working as a courier for Confederate intelligence, but

42
00:02:30,320 --> 00:02:33,400
Speaker 1: she wasn't using any kind of code or disguising her

43
00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:37,840
Speaker 1: handwriting in any way, so when someone found a letter

44
00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:41,679
Speaker 1: in her handwriting signed with the name Belle, they naturally

45
00:02:41,760 --> 00:02:45,280
Speaker 1: questioned her. Apparently, though they didn't think a seventeen year

46
00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:48,080
Speaker 1: old girl could do that much damage, so they didn't

47
00:02:48,080 --> 00:02:51,040
Speaker 1: take her into custody. She kept on flirting and eavesdropping

48
00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,400
Speaker 1: and her efforts to get more information and pass it

49
00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:56,280
Speaker 1: on to the Confederacy. In eighteen sixty two, she learned

50
00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,280
Speaker 1: that General James Shields was planning to take most of

51
00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:02,799
Speaker 1: his troops out of Front Royal to aid in an

52
00:03:02,840 --> 00:03:06,120
Speaker 1: assault on Richmond, so she passed that information along this

53
00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:08,800
Speaker 1: time though in code, along with some other ten bits

54
00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:12,240
Speaker 1: she had heard about what's going on. Then she heard

55
00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:15,600
Speaker 1: that the Union was going to burn the bridges around

56
00:03:15,840 --> 00:03:18,560
Speaker 1: Front Royal, and she tried to get that message to

57
00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:23,560
Speaker 1: General Thomas J. Jackson that Stonewall Jackson, nobody was willing

58
00:03:23,639 --> 00:03:26,680
Speaker 1: to get in between the two armies to deliver that message. Though,

59
00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:31,079
Speaker 1: so she did it herself under fire the whole time.

60
00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:34,280
Speaker 1: Jackson speeded up his attack. He managed to save the

61
00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:38,080
Speaker 1: bridges and capture some weapons and supplies, and then Belle

62
00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:41,400
Speaker 1: Boyd continued on with her spy work. She earned nicknames

63
00:03:41,440 --> 00:03:46,000
Speaker 1: like LaBelle Rebel and the Cleopatra of the Secession. All

64
00:03:46,040 --> 00:03:48,160
Speaker 1: this went on until the Secretary of War and when

65
00:03:48,160 --> 00:03:50,680
Speaker 1: Stanton issued a warrant for her arrest and she was

66
00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,880
Speaker 1: captured on July two. She was taken to the Old

67
00:03:54,920 --> 00:03:58,120
Speaker 1: Capitol Prison in Washington and then released after a month

68
00:03:58,200 --> 00:04:01,640
Speaker 1: in a prisoner exchange. She was arrested again though in

69
00:04:01,760 --> 00:04:04,360
Speaker 1: July of eighteen sixty three, and then served for six

70
00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:07,560
Speaker 1: months before she became ill with typhoid. After all of this,

71
00:04:07,760 --> 00:04:10,520
Speaker 1: she really could no longer work as a spy for

72
00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:14,400
Speaker 1: the Confederacy anymore. She was way too recognizable. She left

73
00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:18,280
Speaker 1: for England, taking some messages to Confederate supporters there with her.

74
00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:21,440
Speaker 1: She got married in England, but her husband died not

75
00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:24,480
Speaker 1: long after, and she was pregnant at the time. She

76
00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:28,480
Speaker 1: wrote a two volume book called Belle Boyd in Camp

77
00:04:28,520 --> 00:04:31,160
Speaker 1: in Prison to try to support herself and her child.

78
00:04:31,839 --> 00:04:34,640
Speaker 1: Then she also tried to support herself through a stage career.

79
00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:37,279
Speaker 1: She got married a second time and then later died

80
00:04:37,279 --> 00:04:39,679
Speaker 1: of a heart attack on June tenth of nine hundred.

81
00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:43,080
Speaker 1: You can learn more about Bell Boyd in the July

82
00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:47,360
Speaker 1: four episode Stuffy Miss in History Class, and you can

83
00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:50,400
Speaker 1: subscribe to the Day in History Class on Apple podcasts,

84
00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:54,200
Speaker 1: Google podcasts, and whatever else you get your podcasts. Tomorrow,

85
00:04:54,279 --> 00:05:05,480
Speaker 1: we'll go to South Africa for a short lived republic. Hi,

86
00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:09,560
Speaker 1: I'm Eves and welcome to this Day in History Class,

87
00:05:10,080 --> 00:05:13,440
Speaker 1: a show that on covers history one day at a time.

88
00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:25,920
Speaker 1: The day was July eight thirty six. The Arch Drill,

89
00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:31,839
Speaker 1: a commemorative triumphal arch in Paris, was inaugurated in eighteen

90
00:05:31,839 --> 00:05:35,479
Speaker 1: oh five. Napoleon's troops defeated a Russian and Austrian army

91
00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:40,120
Speaker 1: and Austerlitz. It resulted in the Treaty of Pressbourg and

92
00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:43,800
Speaker 1: it was a big victory for Napoleon. To celebrate the

93
00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:48,160
Speaker 1: victory and honor the Grand Army, Napoleon commissioned the construction

94
00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:51,719
Speaker 1: of a triumphal arch. In eighteen o six. It was

95
00:05:51,800 --> 00:05:54,680
Speaker 1: decided that the location for the monument would be the

96
00:05:54,720 --> 00:05:59,040
Speaker 1: place de Lui and Jean shall grind and Jean Arnew

97
00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:02,960
Speaker 1: Reymond would be the architects. In August of that year,

98
00:06:03,279 --> 00:06:07,640
Speaker 1: construction began on the Arch de Triof. By eighteen ten,

99
00:06:07,839 --> 00:06:11,919
Speaker 1: construction was nowhere near completed, but Napoleon wanted to honor

100
00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:16,159
Speaker 1: his new wife Marie Luis with a grand entrance into Paris,

101
00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,360
Speaker 1: so he had a full size model of the arch

102
00:06:19,440 --> 00:06:21,880
Speaker 1: built out of wood and painted cloth at the site.

103
00:06:22,839 --> 00:06:26,320
Speaker 1: Chal Grand then tweaked the design, but he died in

104
00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:31,520
Speaker 1: eighteen eleven. Louis Robert Goust took his place, but three

105
00:06:31,600 --> 00:06:36,040
Speaker 1: years later Napoleon abdicated as emperor and the Bourbon Restoration began.

106
00:06:37,160 --> 00:06:40,960
Speaker 1: Work on the arch came to a halt a decade later.

107
00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:46,000
Speaker 1: In eighteen twenty four, architect Jean nicola Leo was tasked

108
00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:50,120
Speaker 1: with redesigning the arch, but after we Oh was removed

109
00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,679
Speaker 1: from his post a couple of times, Guillaume Abelle Bluey

110
00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:56,960
Speaker 1: worked on the arch until his completion in eighteen thirty six.

111
00:06:57,240 --> 00:07:00,880
Speaker 1: Under the reign of King Louis Philippe. The Arch du

112
00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:04,679
Speaker 1: Trient was inaugurated on July twenty nine, eighteen thirty six,

113
00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:09,840
Speaker 1: fifteen years after Napoleon died. It cost nine point three

114
00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:14,280
Speaker 1: million Francs. It got its official consecration on December fift

115
00:07:14,680 --> 00:07:19,360
Speaker 1: eighteen forty, when a hearse carrying Napoleon's corpse passed underneath

116
00:07:19,400 --> 00:07:24,080
Speaker 1: the arch. Chagrin's neo classical design of the arch took

117
00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:28,040
Speaker 1: inspiration from the Roman arch of Titus. It stands one

118
00:07:28,120 --> 00:07:31,240
Speaker 1: hundred and sixty four ft or fifty meters high and

119
00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:34,360
Speaker 1: one hundred and forty eight feet or forty five ms wide.

120
00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:40,240
Speaker 1: Francois Ruda, Jean Pierre Corteau and Antoine at Texts created

121
00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:43,480
Speaker 1: the sculptures of military victories on the facades of the

122
00:07:43,600 --> 00:07:47,480
Speaker 1: arches pedestals. These were created in the last three years

123
00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,400
Speaker 1: of the monument's construction. The names of hundreds of French

124
00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,160
Speaker 1: generals are on the inside walls of the arch, a

125
00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:57,760
Speaker 1: process that caused much debate among families of generals who

126
00:07:57,840 --> 00:08:01,280
Speaker 1: were left out. The names of the major battles fought

127
00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:05,120
Speaker 1: during the First French Republic in Napoleon's Empire are also

128
00:08:05,200 --> 00:08:08,880
Speaker 1: inscribed on the vault. There are roses on the ceiling

129
00:08:08,920 --> 00:08:13,120
Speaker 1: of the Arc d'u trionf and allegorical figures representing characters

130
00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:17,320
Speaker 1: in Roman mythology are on the arcades. The tomb of

131
00:08:17,360 --> 00:08:21,360
Speaker 1: the Unknown Soldier, a Gray Front unknown military service member

132
00:08:21,400 --> 00:08:26,239
Speaker 1: who died in wartime, lies beneath the arch. There's also

133
00:08:26,320 --> 00:08:29,400
Speaker 1: a museum inside the arch and an eternal flame that's

134
00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:34,199
Speaker 1: rekindled every evening. Many victory marches have passed the arch,

135
00:08:34,679 --> 00:08:38,559
Speaker 1: including the Germans in eighteen seventy one and nineteen forty

136
00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:42,680
Speaker 1: and the French and the Allies in nineteen eighteen nineteen

137
00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:47,000
Speaker 1: forty four. In nineteen forty five, the Arc du Trillon

138
00:08:47,320 --> 00:08:50,319
Speaker 1: was the tallest triumphal arch at the time of its completion,

139
00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:54,119
Speaker 1: but its size has since been surpassed by the Monumento

140
00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:58,079
Speaker 1: Alla Revolution in Mexico City and the Arch of Triumph

141
00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:02,440
Speaker 1: and Pyongyange. I'm Eve Jeff Cote, and hopefully you know

142
00:09:02,559 --> 00:09:05,800
Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

143
00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:10,319
Speaker 1: If you feel like correcting my pronunciation or my accent

144
00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:13,080
Speaker 1: on anything that I've said in the show, feel free

145
00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:16,720
Speaker 1: to leave a very kind comment on Twitter, Instagram or

146
00:09:16,800 --> 00:09:22,400
Speaker 1: Facebook at t d i h C podcast. Thanks for

147
00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:25,640
Speaker 1: joining me on this trip through time. See you here

148
00:09:26,080 --> 00:09:34,719
Speaker 1: in the exact same spot tomorrow. For more podcasts for

149
00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:37,040
Speaker 1: my Heart Radio, visit the i Heart Radio app Apple

150
00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:39,400
Speaker 1: Podcasts or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.