1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:04,120 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from houstuff 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast Time 3 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:16,240 Speaker 1: to Blame in Chalk Reporting And I'm Sair Dowdy and 4 00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:19,840 Speaker 1: we are continuing on with our block of spooky podcasts 5 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:23,919 Speaker 1: in honor of the Halloween season and what would Halloween be, 6 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,960 Speaker 1: of course without witches, one of the classic scary figures 7 00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:31,960 Speaker 1: of Halloween. A classic Halloween costumes. Oh yeah, no matter 8 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:34,800 Speaker 1: what age you are, right, A classic Halloween costume. Yeah, 9 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:37,239 Speaker 1: I've done it. You have. Did you do it as 10 00:00:37,280 --> 00:00:39,879 Speaker 1: a as a child, like a cute witch, or did 11 00:00:39,920 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 1: you do like the sexy witch adult costume? I was 12 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:46,360 Speaker 1: a child, but I timed it pretty perfectly for when 13 00:00:46,400 --> 00:00:49,320 Speaker 1: a lot of my baby teeth were coming out out, 14 00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:52,760 Speaker 1: and so I think I did end up looking half cute, 15 00:00:52,840 --> 00:00:55,600 Speaker 1: half scary because I was missing quite a few teeth 16 00:00:55,640 --> 00:00:58,800 Speaker 1: at the time. Nice, I like it. So, I mean, 17 00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 1: we're we're joking about the costumes and the association with 18 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:05,399 Speaker 1: the season. But this is why for this podcast, we're 19 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:08,200 Speaker 1: taking a look at one of the iconic which related 20 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:12,199 Speaker 1: events from history, the Salem Witch Trials. Now this isn't 21 00:01:12,200 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: the first time that this podcast is touched on the 22 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:17,280 Speaker 1: Salem Witch Trials. We should say that right up front. 23 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:19,680 Speaker 1: Candis and Josh did a show in two thousand and 24 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:22,920 Speaker 1: eight about something called Urget and its connection to the trials, 25 00:01:22,920 --> 00:01:24,399 Speaker 1: and we're going to talk about that a little bit 26 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:27,959 Speaker 1: today too. But since this was only a three minute 27 00:01:27,959 --> 00:01:30,959 Speaker 1: podcast that they did, and there are new theories emerging 28 00:01:31,040 --> 00:01:33,560 Speaker 1: all the time about the trials, including a new one 29 00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:36,319 Speaker 1: that made head lunch just this year, we figured they 30 00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:38,880 Speaker 1: warranted a closer look. Yeah. Plus it's one that we 31 00:01:38,959 --> 00:01:41,319 Speaker 1: still get requests for, and we still get requests for 32 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:44,520 Speaker 1: topics we've covered. We figured they might have second legs. 33 00:01:44,560 --> 00:01:47,800 Speaker 1: So of course, especially if you're from the US to 34 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:51,200 Speaker 1: this is probably a topic you do know, you think 35 00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:55,080 Speaker 1: you might even know it well. But just ask yourself 36 00:01:55,120 --> 00:01:57,760 Speaker 1: before we start, how much do you really know about 37 00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:00,040 Speaker 1: the Salem Witch Trials. I mean, we both sorted of 38 00:02:00,160 --> 00:02:03,080 Speaker 1: this before we got into it, and and you know 39 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:06,800 Speaker 1: the basic story, but it's amazing how many details sort 40 00:02:06,800 --> 00:02:10,400 Speaker 1: of get glossed over. Yeah, thinking about Salem and those 41 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:13,840 Speaker 1: events in sixte two, for a lot of people conjuous 42 00:02:13,880 --> 00:02:18,040 Speaker 1: of these images of rebellious young women being burned at 43 00:02:18,040 --> 00:02:21,560 Speaker 1: the stake but that image is really wrong in more 44 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:24,680 Speaker 1: ways than one. First Off, it wasn't just women who 45 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,959 Speaker 1: were convicted of witchcraft and condemned to die in colonial 46 00:02:27,960 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 1: Massachusetts that year. And secondly, burning really didn't have anything 47 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:35,400 Speaker 1: to do with it. Now. We'll get more into that later, 48 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: but before we give too much away and go into 49 00:02:38,240 --> 00:02:41,040 Speaker 1: the theories of why the witch trials happened to begin with, 50 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:43,480 Speaker 1: we need to recount the story for those of you 51 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:46,400 Speaker 1: who aren't totally sure what happened or do you need 52 00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:49,240 Speaker 1: some brushing up on it. So it all started in 53 00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:53,160 Speaker 1: early six nine two in Salem Village, which is present 54 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:57,280 Speaker 1: day Danvers, Massachusetts. Salem Village was about eight miles from 55 00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:01,320 Speaker 1: Salem Town, which was the real of local power and 56 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:05,480 Speaker 1: became what is today Salem, Massachusetts, so too towns Salem 57 00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:09,960 Speaker 1: Village Phalem Town got it so in around January or 58 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:13,079 Speaker 1: February of that year, Elizabeth Paris, who is the nine 59 00:03:13,160 --> 00:03:16,320 Speaker 1: year old daughter of Salem Village as minister at the time, 60 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,919 Speaker 1: a Reverend Samuel Paris, and the reverends eleven year old niece, 61 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:24,520 Speaker 1: Abigail Williams, they both started to act very strangely. For 62 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:28,720 Speaker 1: one thing, they started having these sort of raving fits. 63 00:03:28,760 --> 00:03:32,680 Speaker 1: They would scream, they would throw things. They also contorted 64 00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: themselves into strange positions, and they made weird sounds. Uh. 65 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:40,120 Speaker 1: For example, they would run around on all fours and 66 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:44,520 Speaker 1: bark like a dog. They complained of fever also and pain, 67 00:03:44,760 --> 00:03:47,320 Speaker 1: so there was an element of actual sickness to this 68 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,440 Speaker 1: as well. It seemed right. So one by one other 69 00:03:50,480 --> 00:03:54,000 Speaker 1: girls in town, including the eleven year old and Putnam, 70 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,760 Speaker 1: Mary Walcott, and seventeen year old Mercy Lewis, they all 71 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:01,040 Speaker 1: started to suffer from the same symptom. So, of course 72 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:03,880 Speaker 1: you can imagine all these girls in town not feeling well, 73 00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:07,320 Speaker 1: acting strangely. The adults in town are concerned, and so 74 00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:10,880 Speaker 1: they call in the doctor William Griggs to examine the girls. 75 00:04:11,520 --> 00:04:15,640 Speaker 1: He checksamilt, but is not able to figure out what's 76 00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:18,960 Speaker 1: wrong with them. None of the remedies he attempts seemed 77 00:04:19,000 --> 00:04:21,839 Speaker 1: to help at all, so finally he declares that the 78 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:26,760 Speaker 1: cause of the girl's quote affliction must be something supernatural. 79 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:29,400 Speaker 1: It's certainly beyond his powers as a doctor, so it 80 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:33,359 Speaker 1: must be from beyond, And at this time such a 81 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:36,360 Speaker 1: diagnosis would have been acceptable. I mean, it sounds kind 82 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:38,600 Speaker 1: of like a cop out now. But according to an 83 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:42,320 Speaker 1: article by Jeff Bloomberg and the Smithsonian, many people around 84 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:44,920 Speaker 1: this time did believe in witches and witchcraft, and they 85 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: thought that the devil gave which is the power to 86 00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:51,160 Speaker 1: harm people in exchange for the witch is loyalty. And 87 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,920 Speaker 1: just as evidence of this belief at the time, Bloomberg 88 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:59,200 Speaker 1: points to a witchcraft craze that swept Europe from the 89 00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:03,240 Speaker 1: fourteenth through the seventeenth century. Thousands of women were executed 90 00:05:03,279 --> 00:05:06,719 Speaker 1: as witches during this time, so saying that these girls 91 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:10,200 Speaker 1: were affected by something or afflicted by something that was supernatural, 92 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:12,880 Speaker 1: was not an unusual thing to say at all, right, 93 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:16,680 Speaker 1: And I mean another example of I guess evidence of 94 00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:20,280 Speaker 1: this was that Cotton Mather had recently published a work 95 00:05:20,320 --> 00:05:24,760 Speaker 1: called Memorable Providences, which described a woman suspected of witchcraft, 96 00:05:24,839 --> 00:05:29,040 Speaker 1: and apparently one of her victims acted kind of the 97 00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:32,280 Speaker 1: way the girls in Salem Village were acting. According to 98 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:35,320 Speaker 1: Douglas Linder and an article on the University of Missouri 99 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:38,679 Speaker 1: Kansas City website on the Trials, so the Salem girls 100 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:41,880 Speaker 1: seemed to fit what was at this point of a 101 00:05:41,960 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: pattern for how which victims might act almost exactly so Okay, 102 00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:50,800 Speaker 1: if these girls are the victim of witchcraft, say we 103 00:05:50,920 --> 00:05:54,680 Speaker 1: buy this. They're acting just like victims of witchcraft are 104 00:05:54,680 --> 00:05:57,560 Speaker 1: supposed to act, and you know, we believe that this 105 00:05:57,640 --> 00:06:01,240 Speaker 1: is possible. So who were the witches then that had 106 00:06:01,240 --> 00:06:05,320 Speaker 1: targeted them? Well, when press, the girls named three women 107 00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:10,039 Speaker 1: as the guilty parties. Tituba, the Paris's West Indian slave. 108 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:14,120 Speaker 1: Paris had been a planter and a merchant in Barbados, 109 00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:16,760 Speaker 1: so their slave had come along with them when they 110 00:06:16,760 --> 00:06:21,000 Speaker 1: moved to Massachusetts. Also accused was a beggar named Sarah 111 00:06:21,040 --> 00:06:24,719 Speaker 1: Good and another woman named Sarah Osborne, who had lived 112 00:06:24,720 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 1: with her second husband before they were married, so she 113 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:29,800 Speaker 1: had kind of a scandalous past. All the witches have 114 00:06:29,880 --> 00:06:33,280 Speaker 1: to be Sarah's I don't know. Um, So, just going 115 00:06:33,279 --> 00:06:35,440 Speaker 1: into the background of these three ladies, how did they 116 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:38,120 Speaker 1: end up being the ones who were accused? I mean, Dablina, 117 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:39,880 Speaker 1: you just sort of hinted at one of them. But 118 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:43,720 Speaker 1: Tichibo was an obvious choice because of her background, and 119 00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:47,360 Speaker 1: it was said that she had told the girl's voodoo stories, 120 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:51,800 Speaker 1: maybe even practice magic. Maybe the girls had participated in 121 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:56,760 Speaker 1: fortune telling activities, and perhaps she even encouraged this influence. 122 00:06:56,760 --> 00:06:59,360 Speaker 1: I mean on the surface, especially looking back at it, 123 00:06:59,360 --> 00:07:03,120 Speaker 1: it seems like of fun activities for these preteen girls 124 00:07:03,120 --> 00:07:08,880 Speaker 1: to do. Fortune telling sounds like pretty standard sleepover stuff. 125 00:07:09,160 --> 00:07:12,480 Speaker 1: I don't know, not the video, but student keeps coming 126 00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:15,960 Speaker 1: up in these Halloween podcasts this year. It does. It's 127 00:07:15,960 --> 00:07:19,040 Speaker 1: it's maybe our theme of the season. I'm not sure so, 128 00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:22,600 Speaker 1: but anyway, teach about her connection to these girls and 129 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:25,400 Speaker 1: her background made her seem like a pretty obvious choice 130 00:07:25,400 --> 00:07:28,520 Speaker 1: for them to denounce as a witch. And according to 131 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:30,920 Speaker 1: an article by Benjamin C. Ray in the Journal of 132 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:35,640 Speaker 1: American Academy of Religious Studies, there is actually no documentation 133 00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: that names the girls by name and confirms that they 134 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:42,360 Speaker 1: were involved in such activities. So it makes sense, but 135 00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:45,000 Speaker 1: if you actually look for the evidence to back it up, 136 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:48,640 Speaker 1: it's not really there, right Regardless, the three women were 137 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:52,800 Speaker 1: arrested and they were thrown in jail on March the first. 138 00:07:52,840 --> 00:07:55,600 Speaker 1: They were interrogated by magistrates in front of an audience, 139 00:07:55,640 --> 00:07:58,160 Speaker 1: and they were asked things like are you a witch? 140 00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:03,440 Speaker 1: And have you seen Satan? So point blank it was 141 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:06,400 Speaker 1: put up. They were asked in a way that I mean, 142 00:08:06,440 --> 00:08:09,120 Speaker 1: obviously the people who were asking them assumed that they 143 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:11,720 Speaker 1: were already guilty. They were also put to a kind 144 00:08:11,800 --> 00:08:15,840 Speaker 1: of test. The afflicted girls, as they were known, were 145 00:08:15,960 --> 00:08:19,760 Speaker 1: brought before them and started contorting and having their fits 146 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:22,280 Speaker 1: in the presence of these women, and this was seen 147 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:25,000 Speaker 1: as proof that they were in the presence of witches 148 00:08:25,040 --> 00:08:28,560 Speaker 1: who were causing their strange behavior. And there was testimony 149 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:32,400 Speaker 1: to people testified against these three women. Villagers would come 150 00:08:32,440 --> 00:08:36,240 Speaker 1: forward and offer evidence of things like my cheese went bad, 151 00:08:36,400 --> 00:08:40,199 Speaker 1: or my live stock died shortly after one of these 152 00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:45,280 Speaker 1: ladies had visited my home, um very everyday life sort 153 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 1: of things, but attributed to the presence of a witch. 154 00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: The women, of course denied guilt. But then somewhere along 155 00:08:53,559 --> 00:08:59,280 Speaker 1: the way, Tittuba did something really unexpected. She confessed. She 156 00:08:59,400 --> 00:09:03,160 Speaker 1: said that a tall black man, who to the interrogators 157 00:09:03,160 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: would have obviously been Satan, came to her and wanted 158 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:09,880 Speaker 1: her to sign his book and to do his work, 159 00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:12,440 Speaker 1: and she said she did sign that book, and she 160 00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:15,880 Speaker 1: admitted to being a witch, and also said that several 161 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:19,680 Speaker 1: other women, including Good and Osborne, were witches as well, 162 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:22,800 Speaker 1: and that they had all flown around on poles together. 163 00:09:23,559 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 1: So the three women were kept in jail, and this confession, 164 00:09:28,559 --> 00:09:31,360 Speaker 1: the fact that she did confess, really did convince a 165 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:35,359 Speaker 1: lot of people who were originally skeptical of the situation, 166 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:39,439 Speaker 1: skeptical about these girls and their fits and all of it. 167 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:42,000 Speaker 1: It seemed pretty legit at this point, well, right, because 168 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:44,480 Speaker 1: why would you confess to something if you hadn't done it, 169 00:09:44,600 --> 00:09:48,000 Speaker 1: especially something that was this bat Clearly your life would 170 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:51,760 Speaker 1: be on the line, right, So soon more girls became 171 00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 1: afflicted with these strange fits, and many more people were 172 00:09:55,360 --> 00:09:58,360 Speaker 1: accused of witchcraft along the way, including a lot of women. 173 00:09:59,040 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: For example, just name a few, Bridget Bishop, who was 174 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:04,959 Speaker 1: a sixty year old tavern owner known for being very 175 00:10:05,040 --> 00:10:10,040 Speaker 1: gossipy and promiscuous. Also Susannah Martin, a woman who potentially 176 00:10:10,040 --> 00:10:13,679 Speaker 1: stood to inherit a lot from her father. Rebecca Nurse, 177 00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:17,240 Speaker 1: Pious seventy one year old woman. According to an article 178 00:10:17,240 --> 00:10:20,240 Speaker 1: in Newsweek by Lara Shapiro, she was the matriarch of 179 00:10:20,240 --> 00:10:23,440 Speaker 1: a large family. So we can see some similarities to 180 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:26,079 Speaker 1: some of between some of these women here already, right. 181 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:28,880 Speaker 1: But then probably one of the most shocking people to 182 00:10:28,920 --> 00:10:31,440 Speaker 1: be accused was Dorcas Good, who was the four or 183 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:35,199 Speaker 1: five year old daughter of Sarah Good, and she was 184 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:37,439 Speaker 1: the first child to be accused and thrown in jail. 185 00:10:37,480 --> 00:10:40,640 Speaker 1: According to Shapiro's article, they had to make a special 186 00:10:40,679 --> 00:10:44,240 Speaker 1: set of chains for her because the usual shackles were 187 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:48,720 Speaker 1: too large. They're sad, so the afflicted girls. I mean, 188 00:10:48,920 --> 00:10:51,439 Speaker 1: you have to wonder how did this four or five 189 00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:54,000 Speaker 1: year old girl get accused in the first place. But 190 00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:59,360 Speaker 1: the afflicted girls in town said that Dorcas had bitten them, 191 00:10:59,400 --> 00:11:02,120 Speaker 1: had pinched them, said that they had seen her doing that, 192 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:05,760 Speaker 1: even though these attacks weren't visible to anyone else. She 193 00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:09,000 Speaker 1: apparently was in jail for eight months. Are her mother 194 00:11:09,080 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 1: get carried off to the gallows? Really maybe one of 195 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:17,080 Speaker 1: the satter parts of an already sad story. So, as 196 00:11:17,160 --> 00:11:19,800 Speaker 1: we hinted in the intro, it wasn't just females who 197 00:11:19,800 --> 00:11:22,960 Speaker 1: were accused, though several men were arrested at this time 198 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,400 Speaker 1: as well. One was tavern owner John Proctor, who becomes 199 00:11:26,400 --> 00:11:29,760 Speaker 1: a central figure in Arthur Miller's A Crucible if you've 200 00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:33,079 Speaker 1: read that, And he really spoke up at the time, 201 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:35,840 Speaker 1: and like others who spoke out against what was going on, 202 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:39,480 Speaker 1: he paid a price for that. Another man was the 203 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:43,000 Speaker 1: village's former minister George Burrows, who was living in Maine 204 00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:46,040 Speaker 1: in sixteen ninety two. He was accused of being the 205 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:49,920 Speaker 1: ringleader of all the witches. Just a note here. This 206 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:52,360 Speaker 1: is an example of how it wasn't just people in 207 00:11:52,480 --> 00:11:56,040 Speaker 1: Salem Village who were affected by this witch hunt. According 208 00:11:56,120 --> 00:11:58,800 Speaker 1: to an article by Richard Latner in the Journal of 209 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:02,880 Speaker 1: Social History, of the total one fifty one witches whose 210 00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: residence is known, they came from twenty five different communities 211 00:12:07,559 --> 00:12:10,959 Speaker 1: in New England. So not a super local problem, right, 212 00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:13,000 Speaker 1: But we are getting a little bit ahead of ourselves. 213 00:12:13,080 --> 00:12:16,480 Speaker 1: We're talking about totals and stuff like that. Of course, 214 00:12:16,559 --> 00:12:19,719 Speaker 1: once accusations started flying and more and more people were 215 00:12:19,760 --> 00:12:22,880 Speaker 1: locked up, they couldn't just be left to languish in 216 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:27,520 Speaker 1: jail for one thing. Jails were reaching capacity and things 217 00:12:27,559 --> 00:12:32,120 Speaker 1: were starting to get out of control. So on May 218 00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:35,240 Speaker 1: Governor William Phipps ordered the creation of a new court 219 00:12:35,320 --> 00:12:37,960 Speaker 1: to hear the witchcraft cases. It was called the Court 220 00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:41,280 Speaker 1: of Oyer and Terminer, which meant to hear and to 221 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:45,360 Speaker 1: decide respectively. William Stowton, a friend of Cotton Mather, was 222 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:49,280 Speaker 1: appointed Chief Justice here and the court was considered kind 223 00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:52,920 Speaker 1: of controversial even by contemporary standards, mainly because it allowed 224 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:58,920 Speaker 1: something known as spectral evidence, already found sketchy. Basically, spectral 225 00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:02,360 Speaker 1: evidence was testimony you that consisted of things like dreams 226 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: and visions. So for example, as an accuser, you could 227 00:13:05,880 --> 00:13:09,560 Speaker 1: say you were visited or tormented by a suspect specter 228 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:12,000 Speaker 1: and that would be accepted. We're actually going to have 229 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:16,160 Speaker 1: another podcast coming up that has some spectral evidence in it. 230 00:13:16,240 --> 00:13:20,480 Speaker 1: But according to Ray's article, this went against quote thirty 231 00:13:20,559 --> 00:13:24,640 Speaker 1: years of judicial restraint in resolving complaints about witchcraft. I 232 00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:27,840 Speaker 1: thought that was a really interesting point that these witchcraft 233 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: trials of earlier days weren't as intense as that they 234 00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:37,080 Speaker 1: had not allowed so much to be included in the trials, right, 235 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:39,560 Speaker 1: which makes you start to wonder even more about the 236 00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:42,600 Speaker 1: motivations and things, which will discuss later on. Well, yeah, 237 00:13:42,640 --> 00:13:47,120 Speaker 1: and there was another issue about this court, another thing 238 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:50,280 Speaker 1: that the court allowed which was quite lax and quite 239 00:13:50,280 --> 00:13:53,920 Speaker 1: out of the ordinary. Usually, accusers were required to post 240 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:57,760 Speaker 1: a monetary bond for prosecution of their complaints, so that 241 00:13:57,840 --> 00:14:02,880 Speaker 1: kept people from just filing countless frivolous complaints accusing somebody 242 00:14:02,920 --> 00:14:05,600 Speaker 1: of witchcraft just because you know, your cheese went bad 243 00:14:06,080 --> 00:14:11,000 Speaker 1: and because you didn't like them. Yeah, something just an 244 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:16,480 Speaker 1: everyday annoyance becomes of legitimate to to file a complaint 245 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:18,959 Speaker 1: if you can just do that willy nilly. But according 246 00:14:18,960 --> 00:14:23,080 Speaker 1: to Ray's article, the Court of Oil and Terminer didn't 247 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:27,560 Speaker 1: require this monetary bond, so there was just an endless 248 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:33,280 Speaker 1: stream of accusations, arrests, hearings for petty grievances people had. 249 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:36,880 Speaker 1: The hearings became something of a spectacle to almost like 250 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:40,560 Speaker 1: a show, because they were open to the community. And 251 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:44,840 Speaker 1: at the hearings, like those early interrogations, the so called 252 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:48,280 Speaker 1: afflicted girls were put on display to help prove guilt 253 00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:51,520 Speaker 1: or innocence, and the accused seldom had a chance in 254 00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:55,080 Speaker 1: these situations, No, they really didn't. The first one that 255 00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:58,120 Speaker 1: went to court was Bridget Bishop's case. She was the 256 00:14:58,440 --> 00:15:03,000 Speaker 1: tavern owner, right, she didn't admit to practicing witchcraft and 257 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:06,880 Speaker 1: instead she said, quote, I'm as innocent as the child unborn. 258 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:11,240 Speaker 1: She was convicted though, on June tenth two and was 259 00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:13,840 Speaker 1: hanged on what later came to be known as Gallows 260 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:18,320 Speaker 1: Hill in Salem. And that's the point to to get into. 261 00:15:18,440 --> 00:15:21,400 Speaker 1: In fact, all of the people convicted in the Salem, 262 00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:24,480 Speaker 1: which chials were hanged. No one was burned at the state. 263 00:15:24,560 --> 00:15:28,480 Speaker 1: That's a misconception. One man who was accused of seventy 264 00:15:28,520 --> 00:15:31,880 Speaker 1: one year old Giles Corey, was pressed to death with 265 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:36,200 Speaker 1: heavy stones because he refused to stand trial. He didn't 266 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:39,160 Speaker 1: want to be convicted because he knew that if he was, 267 00:15:39,400 --> 00:15:42,560 Speaker 1: his farm would go to the state instead of his relations. 268 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:46,640 Speaker 1: But he also wasn't about to admit to which a witchcraft. Yeah, 269 00:15:46,720 --> 00:15:48,440 Speaker 1: because he thought the whole thing was kind of a 270 00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:53,000 Speaker 1: particulous Yes. According to Ray's articles, some folks followed Titubus 271 00:15:53,040 --> 00:15:57,000 Speaker 1: example of confessing and naming other suspects. And you might 272 00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:00,720 Speaker 1: wonder why they would want to name their suspects, why 273 00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:02,360 Speaker 1: would they want to bring other people into this, And 274 00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:04,360 Speaker 1: it's because they saw that this was a way to 275 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:08,320 Speaker 1: get your trial postponed indefinitely. But of course that just 276 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:11,880 Speaker 1: perpetuated the whole thing because then more people are accused 277 00:16:11,880 --> 00:16:14,240 Speaker 1: and brought into this web. This is of course why 278 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:17,680 Speaker 1: Arthur Miller got interested in this in this topic, to 279 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:20,920 Speaker 1: compare it to things that were happening in his era. 280 00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:24,560 Speaker 1: But um, many people were hanged that summer. I mean 281 00:16:24,560 --> 00:16:27,920 Speaker 1: the difference between the people not being burned at the stake. 282 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:30,240 Speaker 1: There were still a lot of people who were executed, 283 00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:34,760 Speaker 1: but by early fall, the atmosphere surrounding this whole witch 284 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:38,720 Speaker 1: hunt started to change, and according to Bloomberg's article, both 285 00:16:38,720 --> 00:16:42,200 Speaker 1: cotton mother and his father Increased. Mother, who was by 286 00:16:42,200 --> 00:16:45,440 Speaker 1: that point president of Harvard, spoke out against the use 287 00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:49,200 Speaker 1: of spectral evidence, and Increase even wrote quote, it were 288 00:16:49,240 --> 00:16:53,440 Speaker 1: better that ten suspected witches should escape than one innocent 289 00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:57,440 Speaker 1: person be condemned. Um. Other people also began to point 290 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 1: out the obvious that so many other wise good, respectable 291 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:04,920 Speaker 1: people couldn't all be witches. I mean, come on, how 292 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:08,480 Speaker 1: many witches can there be in one town? Seems like 293 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:12,200 Speaker 1: a good point. Another point made by Boston minister Samuel 294 00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:17,520 Speaker 1: Willard was basically, hey, if the devil can make a 295 00:17:17,600 --> 00:17:20,680 Speaker 1: specter of a guilty person appear, couldn't the devil also 296 00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:23,919 Speaker 1: make the specter of an innocent person appear to someone too? 297 00:17:24,119 --> 00:17:28,680 Speaker 1: It seems likely, seems likely may be convinced by these points, 298 00:17:28,760 --> 00:17:31,680 Speaker 1: or maybe if you're taking a more cynical point of view. 299 00:17:31,800 --> 00:17:35,400 Speaker 1: Because his wife was also a question in regards to witchcraft, 300 00:17:35,920 --> 00:17:38,840 Speaker 1: the governor ordered that spectral evidence could no longer be 301 00:17:38,920 --> 00:17:42,359 Speaker 1: allowed in court, and October twenty nine he dissolved the 302 00:17:42,359 --> 00:17:45,280 Speaker 1: Court of Oyer and termine Are altogether, replacing it with 303 00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:49,720 Speaker 1: the Superior Court of Judicature. Without the use of spectral evidence, 304 00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:52,760 Speaker 1: only three out of fifty six accused people were convicted, 305 00:17:53,040 --> 00:17:56,080 Speaker 1: and those three were eventually pardoned, along with everyone else 306 00:17:56,080 --> 00:17:59,080 Speaker 1: who was imprisoned at the time. Ultimately, though it really 307 00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:02,040 Speaker 1: was too little, too late for a lot of people. 308 00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:06,320 Speaker 1: Nineteen people had been hanged, one press to death, others 309 00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:09,720 Speaker 1: had died in jail, and according to Lender's article, even 310 00:18:09,760 --> 00:18:12,879 Speaker 1: a couple of dogs had been executed, as which is 311 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:17,960 Speaker 1: accomplices um. Several people involved, ultimately, including a judge and 312 00:18:18,119 --> 00:18:22,080 Speaker 1: several jurors, later publicly admitted that they had been in 313 00:18:22,080 --> 00:18:26,000 Speaker 1: the wrong. They apologized, and in seventeen o two a 314 00:18:26,119 --> 00:18:29,359 Speaker 1: court even declared that the trials were unlawful, and in 315 00:18:29,480 --> 00:18:33,320 Speaker 1: seventeen eleven a bill was passed that restored the rights 316 00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:36,200 Speaker 1: and the good names of those who had been accute, 317 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:40,560 Speaker 1: so a lot of backtracking pretty shortly after the trials happened. 318 00:18:40,640 --> 00:18:43,239 Speaker 1: Right That bill also gave six hundred pounds to the 319 00:18:43,240 --> 00:18:47,440 Speaker 1: heirs of the accused, as restitution. It did take tune 320 00:18:47,480 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: and fifty years though, for Massachusetts to formally apologize for 321 00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:53,679 Speaker 1: what had happened in sixteen ninety two. That happened in 322 00:18:53,760 --> 00:18:58,080 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty seven. Alright, so time to get to the furies. 323 00:18:58,119 --> 00:19:02,000 Speaker 1: Apologies have been taken care are of what happened, and 324 00:19:02,400 --> 00:19:05,760 Speaker 1: it's interesting, so much time, so many studies on this, 325 00:19:05,960 --> 00:19:09,800 Speaker 1: but scholars have yet to agree what really happened in Salem, 326 00:19:09,880 --> 00:19:12,240 Speaker 1: what was going on. I mean, of course, the whole 327 00:19:12,280 --> 00:19:15,359 Speaker 1: thing started with these girls acting funny, and that's a 328 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:18,320 Speaker 1: pretty good place for for us to start. There is 329 00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:21,640 Speaker 1: the ergot theory that Josh and Candas discussed in their 330 00:19:21,680 --> 00:19:25,560 Speaker 1: earlier episode Ergot if you haven't listened to that that podcast. 331 00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:30,159 Speaker 1: It's a fungus that thrives in warmth damp climates and 332 00:19:30,280 --> 00:19:32,680 Speaker 1: can be found in rye and if you eat foods 333 00:19:32,720 --> 00:19:35,920 Speaker 1: that have been contaminated by it, it can affect your 334 00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:39,920 Speaker 1: central nervous system, causing things like muscle spasms and delusions 335 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:43,440 Speaker 1: and hallucinations. It contains one of the main ingredients in 336 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:47,680 Speaker 1: a drug LSD, and hence the hallucinations, and that might 337 00:19:47,760 --> 00:19:51,640 Speaker 1: explain what some of the girls were seeing. Many say 338 00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:53,760 Speaker 1: because it had been a cold winter and a humid 339 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:57,399 Speaker 1: spring and summer in six that conditions were perfect for 340 00:19:57,520 --> 00:20:00,600 Speaker 1: erget contamination of rye grain. It's also said that there 341 00:20:00,600 --> 00:20:02,760 Speaker 1: had been a crop failure that could have forced the 342 00:20:02,800 --> 00:20:07,840 Speaker 1: Puritans to eat freshly harvested rye. So Linda Corporeal came 343 00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:11,280 Speaker 1: up with this theory published in Science in ninety six, 344 00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:13,960 Speaker 1: that urg it was to blame for the girl's behavior, 345 00:20:14,520 --> 00:20:17,919 Speaker 1: and some other clues point to this as a possibility. Also, 346 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:21,560 Speaker 1: for example, some animals in the area, I think we're 347 00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:27,359 Speaker 1: also affected. In six some cows died and it's suspected 348 00:20:27,400 --> 00:20:29,879 Speaker 1: that they might have been affected by the ergot. But 349 00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:34,840 Speaker 1: according to an article by Alan Wolfe in Clinical Toxicology, 350 00:20:34,920 --> 00:20:37,840 Speaker 1: there are also a few reasons why ergot poisoning is 351 00:20:37,880 --> 00:20:44,040 Speaker 1: an unlikely cause. One, there's no verification of the crop failure. Two, 352 00:20:44,480 --> 00:20:49,520 Speaker 1: there were none of the constitutional residual effects typical of ergotism, 353 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:54,600 Speaker 1: such as weakness, strictures, dementia. So the the after effects 354 00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:58,160 Speaker 1: after the delusions path and then make the best one 355 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:02,040 Speaker 1: here the symptoms of the girls. The afflicted girls could 356 00:21:02,080 --> 00:21:04,800 Speaker 1: be turned on and off depending on the audience. You 357 00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:07,200 Speaker 1: know they're in front of the three witches. They've been 358 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:12,600 Speaker 1: accused and suddenly they're having their their affliction. That's a 359 00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:16,200 Speaker 1: pretty good point, yeah, because if you actually had or 360 00:21:16,280 --> 00:21:18,840 Speaker 1: get poisoning, from what I understand, you can't just turn 361 00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:23,320 Speaker 1: it on and off like that exactly. Other theories, of course, 362 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,919 Speaker 1: for what caused the Salem witch trials, what caused these 363 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:29,040 Speaker 1: girls to act this way, and for all these people 364 00:21:29,080 --> 00:21:32,879 Speaker 1: to accuse their neighbors of witchcraft, They range from gender 365 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:37,960 Speaker 1: related reasons, political theories, to local feuds. Raised article is 366 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:41,480 Speaker 1: all about religious tension, saying that it was a struggle 367 00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:44,439 Speaker 1: between those who followed Reverend Paris and went to his 368 00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:48,280 Speaker 1: church and the people in town who were non church going, 369 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:51,639 Speaker 1: and that's where the struggle came from. There are also 370 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:56,160 Speaker 1: economic theories. One prevailing theory is that if you look 371 00:21:56,240 --> 00:21:59,000 Speaker 1: at a map of Salem village, you can divide it 372 00:21:59,040 --> 00:22:02,440 Speaker 1: in half, and on one half of the accusers, who 373 00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:05,800 Speaker 1: were mostly farmers whose way of life was being threatened 374 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 1: by the other commercial and also more secular side of 375 00:22:09,359 --> 00:22:11,760 Speaker 1: town and the merchant class who lived there. This is 376 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:14,359 Speaker 1: the theory I remember learning about in school. It's um 377 00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:16,600 Speaker 1: I know I mentioned in our bronte episode. I could 378 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 1: think of that little map with the water supply going 379 00:22:20,359 --> 00:22:22,720 Speaker 1: under the cemetery. I can think of this map to 380 00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:26,600 Speaker 1: Salem Village versus Salem Town and and how clear it 381 00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:30,320 Speaker 1: was where the accusers lived and where the accused right. Well, 382 00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:33,119 Speaker 1: the most recent theory has to do with the weather. 383 00:22:34,040 --> 00:22:37,439 Speaker 1: US researchers, including Emily Aust who is a University of 384 00:22:37,520 --> 00:22:41,560 Speaker 1: Chicago economics professor, shows that the trials may have been 385 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:45,080 Speaker 1: caused by a spell of cold weather that occurred in sixteo. 386 00:22:45,160 --> 00:22:48,720 Speaker 1: And so, I mean, why cold weather, you're probably wondering. Apparently, 387 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:52,960 Speaker 1: which hunts have often coincided with cold weather because people 388 00:22:53,040 --> 00:22:56,360 Speaker 1: fall on hard times during cold weather, they lose crops, 389 00:22:56,440 --> 00:22:59,600 Speaker 1: and they believe that witches can control the weather. So 390 00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:03,879 Speaker 1: obviously the witches must be responsible for their partship. I 391 00:23:03,880 --> 00:23:06,960 Speaker 1: think that's something that Molly and Kristen of Steph Mom 392 00:23:06,960 --> 00:23:09,760 Speaker 1: Never Told You mentioned a while back in an episode 393 00:23:09,800 --> 00:23:14,040 Speaker 1: they did on on which is the hard times coming 394 00:23:14,080 --> 00:23:19,879 Speaker 1: from external problems like bad weather, uh, coinciding with the 395 00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:23,800 Speaker 1: spike in which accusations. I mean, it makes sense if 396 00:23:23,800 --> 00:23:26,399 Speaker 1: you look at it from from a big picture, but 397 00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:30,000 Speaker 1: of course, if we look at this story, it means 398 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:32,720 Speaker 1: a whole lot more now than what just happened in Salem. 399 00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:35,960 Speaker 1: And we talked a little bit about Arthur Miller's play already, 400 00:23:36,040 --> 00:23:39,560 Speaker 1: but it's just fallen into our our general vocabulary even 401 00:23:40,080 --> 00:23:42,159 Speaker 1: it has. I mean, we've talked about Arthur Miller a 402 00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 1: little bit in this podcast, and I know you and 403 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:48,320 Speaker 1: Ben mentioned him and the McCarthyism and your McCarthy ism episode, 404 00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:53,200 Speaker 1: because Miller used the Trials as an allegory for McCarthy ism. 405 00:23:53,240 --> 00:23:55,600 Speaker 1: But there are other ways in which we've brought this 406 00:23:55,800 --> 00:23:59,159 Speaker 1: into popular culture, so to speak, as well. There's an 407 00:23:59,240 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 1: article that Gretchen Adams wrote an O Age magazine of History, 408 00:24:03,760 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: and she points out how it's become over the years 409 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:11,440 Speaker 1: just a way to it's a metaphor that is used 410 00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:14,720 Speaker 1: to just basically malign your opponents in any way. I 411 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,919 Speaker 1: mean when interesting example she brought up was the Civil 412 00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:22,560 Speaker 1: War and how Confederates would use it as a way 413 00:24:22,760 --> 00:24:29,360 Speaker 1: to kind of characterize Northerners and abolitionists, you know, characterizing 414 00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:32,360 Speaker 1: it as a witch hunt against them. And we throw 415 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,119 Speaker 1: around the term witch hunt all the time to describe things. 416 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:38,479 Speaker 1: It's always clear what somebody means when they when they 417 00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:41,639 Speaker 1: use that term. Um, I don't know if if we 418 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:44,280 Speaker 1: should talk about Salem a little bit too. Used to 419 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:47,720 Speaker 1: live in Massachusetts, I'm sure you have have visited the 420 00:24:47,760 --> 00:24:51,119 Speaker 1: town today. I did, although I can't really speak to 421 00:24:51,119 --> 00:24:53,760 Speaker 1: it that much. I just spent one really kind of 422 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:56,800 Speaker 1: short day there because I didn't realize, as you should 423 00:24:56,840 --> 00:24:59,399 Speaker 1: all know, if you ever visit Salem, especially during the 424 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:02,760 Speaker 1: Halloween se and you have to make reservations to see 425 00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:04,760 Speaker 1: a lot of the things that you want to see. 426 00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:07,159 Speaker 1: And I just sort of hopped on a train with 427 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:09,040 Speaker 1: some friends and went out there in my first year 428 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:12,480 Speaker 1: in Massachusetts and wandered around the town wondering what to 429 00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:15,320 Speaker 1: do and where everything was. And it was very unorganized, 430 00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:16,960 Speaker 1: and I think we just ended up like having ice 431 00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:20,440 Speaker 1: cream or something. I think I have similar advice. I 432 00:25:20,760 --> 00:25:24,040 Speaker 1: went there with my now fiance a few years ago, 433 00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:28,840 Speaker 1: and um, you know, I was expecting, oh, which stuff 434 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:31,640 Speaker 1: will just be everywhere. I don't need to plan for this, 435 00:25:31,760 --> 00:25:35,639 Speaker 1: I'll just go see cool historical site. I didn't realize, 436 00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:38,239 Speaker 1: and this was a little naive of me, that, of 437 00:25:38,280 --> 00:25:43,120 Speaker 1: course there is a huge which entertainment industry in Salem. 438 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:45,120 Speaker 1: There is, and so if you just go off the map. 439 00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:48,640 Speaker 1: You're going to go to the haunted witch House, not 440 00:25:48,720 --> 00:25:51,040 Speaker 1: the real witch House. I did fortunately end up at 441 00:25:51,080 --> 00:25:56,359 Speaker 1: the at the main surviving historical site in Salem, which 442 00:25:56,520 --> 00:26:01,080 Speaker 1: is the one of the judges homes. H You can 443 00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,920 Speaker 1: walk around, you can see where's his kids left Tina. 444 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:07,560 Speaker 1: They have the crib and everything set up, and think 445 00:26:08,119 --> 00:26:11,840 Speaker 1: he came home every night after those trials into this house. 446 00:26:11,880 --> 00:26:14,639 Speaker 1: So it is it is cool that there is some 447 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:19,600 Speaker 1: surviving stuff in this um in this city from an 448 00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:22,120 Speaker 1: event that happened so long ago. Though of course there's 449 00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:24,680 Speaker 1: nothing wrong with going to the commercial haunt of the house. 450 00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:27,960 Speaker 1: I think I would have settled for that. Well, I 451 00:26:27,960 --> 00:26:30,400 Speaker 1: don't know. We know how you feel now about haunted houses, 452 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:32,879 Speaker 1: that's true. I don't know why I said that. I 453 00:26:32,920 --> 00:26:35,639 Speaker 1: would have been freaked out, but it was during the 454 00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:42,679 Speaker 1: daytime anyway, so I probably would have been fine. All right, 455 00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:46,000 Speaker 1: So let's move on to some listener meal to Lena. 456 00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:53,159 Speaker 1: What do we have today, Well, we have another frequently requested, 457 00:26:53,359 --> 00:26:57,640 Speaker 1: very frequent. We have a postcard featuring the Dion Quinns. 458 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:00,439 Speaker 1: We have a postcard here from a listener, Greg and 459 00:27:00,480 --> 00:27:04,320 Speaker 1: it's from North Bay, Ontario in Canada, and he says, Hi, 460 00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:06,840 Speaker 1: on our recent visit back home, I decided to bring 461 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:09,600 Speaker 1: my daughters to the Dion Quent's Museum. There's is an 462 00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,560 Speaker 1: incredible story. On one hand, it was a story of 463 00:27:12,600 --> 00:27:15,120 Speaker 1: great hope during a time of depression. On the other 464 00:27:15,119 --> 00:27:18,159 Speaker 1: it was a story of exploitation and abuse of governmental power. 465 00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:21,680 Speaker 1: Add that Amelia Earhart crossed their paths and it would 466 00:27:21,720 --> 00:27:24,000 Speaker 1: make this a great subject to cover in your podcast. 467 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,960 Speaker 1: So thank you Greg for the suggestion. Rest assured we 468 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:30,320 Speaker 1: get that all the time. You people really want to 469 00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:32,320 Speaker 1: hear about them. It is a really cute postcard though 470 00:27:32,359 --> 00:27:35,600 Speaker 1: it's one of it's like a hand tinted card and 471 00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:39,760 Speaker 1: so it's five little girls all in mint green dresses 472 00:27:40,359 --> 00:27:42,960 Speaker 1: with their doctor I believe. Yeah. And it's a really 473 00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:45,159 Speaker 1: cool way to get a request because it's sort of 474 00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:50,080 Speaker 1: a visual reminder all the time, like, hey this topic, 475 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:53,240 Speaker 1: so do an episode on a it's on the list. 476 00:27:54,040 --> 00:27:56,440 Speaker 1: So thank you very much Greg for that. We also 477 00:27:56,440 --> 00:27:59,160 Speaker 1: got a really cool postcard from Mongolia, which was from 478 00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:03,520 Speaker 1: one of our Peace Corps listeners, listener Lauren and Um, 479 00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:05,920 Speaker 1: I've just always like giving a shout out to all 480 00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:08,320 Speaker 1: the folks we have listening while they're in the Peace Corps. 481 00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:10,959 Speaker 1: And I'm not sure how many postcards we've gotten from 482 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:15,320 Speaker 1: Mongolia before too. It gets true, even the postcard looks 483 00:28:15,680 --> 00:28:20,119 Speaker 1: pretty isolated. So thank you. Thanks to everybody again who 484 00:28:20,240 --> 00:28:23,680 Speaker 1: sent cool postcards over the summer and keeps on sending 485 00:28:23,720 --> 00:28:26,280 Speaker 1: them our way too. It's very fun to get camp. 486 00:28:26,359 --> 00:28:28,760 Speaker 1: If you would like to send us a note in 487 00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:31,239 Speaker 1: another way, you can email us at History Podcast at 488 00:28:31,240 --> 00:28:34,240 Speaker 1: Discovery dot com, or you can look us up on 489 00:28:34,240 --> 00:28:36,960 Speaker 1: Facebook and we're on Twitter inst in history and we 490 00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:39,760 Speaker 1: do as you might imagine, have an article on the 491 00:28:39,760 --> 00:28:43,440 Speaker 1: Salem which trials. You can search for that and type 492 00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:47,520 Speaker 1: in Salem All on our homepage at www dot how 493 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:54,440 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com for more on this and thousands 494 00:28:54,440 --> 00:29:00,000 Speaker 1: of other topics. Is it how stuff works dot com. 495 00:29:00,720 --> 00:29:09,200 Speaker 1: The cousins named the lake basins named the Lake w 496 00:29:09,880 --> 00:29:09,920 Speaker 1: E