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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff Mom never told you?

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Speaker 1: From house stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Kristen and I'm Caroline. Caroline. I don't

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Speaker 1: know if you have noticed a similar thing among your girlfriends,

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Speaker 1: but as we have progressed now into our later twenties

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Speaker 1: approaching the thirties, no big deal. Um. The term baby

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Speaker 1: fever seems to come up in conversation more because a

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Speaker 1: lot of girlfriends are in longer term relationships settling down,

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Speaker 1: and inevitably it seems that the next thing to pop

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Speaker 1: up is do you want a baby? And this even

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Speaker 1: comes up for friends of mine who are not in relationships,

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Speaker 1: but who really all of a sudden are thinking and

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Speaker 1: talking about babies, and we walk by babies and there

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Speaker 1: have fits of baby joy. Yeah. I uh that that

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Speaker 1: has happened to some of my friends. I have witnessed that.

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Speaker 1: I myself have not experienced it, but I get like

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Speaker 1: that when I see puppies. So I have puppy fever. Yes.

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Speaker 1: Separate podcast and according to Time Magazine in a September

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Speaker 1: two thousand and eleventh study. The article that was published,

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Speaker 1: they defined baby fever as the quote irrepressible, inexplicable urge

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Speaker 1: to make a baby, just whip one up. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: sort of like an obsession almost, And we'll get into

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Speaker 1: it later, but baby fever can be something that you

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Speaker 1: have constantly. I have a friend who, from the time

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Speaker 1: we were practically babies, wanted a baby, and she has

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Speaker 1: a son now and she couldn't be happier and he's

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Speaker 1: a great kid. Then I have other friends who, you know,

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Speaker 1: we never really thought about it, never really talked about it,

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Speaker 1: but all of a sudden, they hit a certain age

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Speaker 1: where they were found themselves in a very serious relationship

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Speaker 1: and all of a sudden it was like babies. So

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Speaker 1: it can kind of come up in different ways. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And the reason there was a baby fever fever in

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Speaker 1: two thousand eleven because of a study that came out

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Speaker 1: of Kansas State University, UH and it was published by

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Speaker 1: a husband and wife team, Gary and Sandra Brace, and

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Speaker 1: they studied the phenomenon of baby fever for ten years

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Speaker 1: and found that it is in fact a genuine physical

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Speaker 1: and emotional phenomenon. Yeah. Gary Brace said that baby fever

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Speaker 1: to go on and define it a little bit more.

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Speaker 1: Is this idea out in popular media that at some

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Speaker 1: point in their lives people get this sudden change in

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Speaker 1: their desire to have children. And there are a lot

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Speaker 1: of things that go along with that. Symptoms, you know,

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Speaker 1: the way that you feel, the way that you behave

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Speaker 1: a lot of things kind of change when the baby

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Speaker 1: fever hits. Yeah. I mean I will say that I've

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Speaker 1: had probably mild cases of baby fever, you know, from

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Speaker 1: more like like a two day virus or something that

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Speaker 1: will come and go. And uh, most recently I noticed

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Speaker 1: that I was just walking down the street and a

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Speaker 1: little stroller past with a cute baby inside. Was anyone

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Speaker 1: pushing it or was the baby just roll mystry It

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Speaker 1: was just rolling down the street by itself. Kid was

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Speaker 1: taking himself out for a stroll. And uh, oh man,

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Speaker 1: I was I surprised myself at how adorable I thought

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Speaker 1: that child was. I was just like, well, oh, I

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Speaker 1: would just like to scoop you wait, no, no, I

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Speaker 1: don't keep walking. Um So, And the thing is about

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Speaker 1: baby fever is that it's not necessarily linked to the

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Speaker 1: biological clock, which is something we have not done a

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Speaker 1: podcast on that we probably should um. And it varies

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Speaker 1: from person to person like you. I have friends who

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Speaker 1: seem to have wanted a child since they were children, UM,

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Speaker 1: to people who don't want kids at all, UM. And

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Speaker 1: it can change within you over time, like my you know,

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Speaker 1: different brushes with it, your hourly changes in your baby desire. UM.

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Speaker 1: Possible explanations for the FEVA include the socio cultural view,

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Speaker 1: which is that people, especially women, people are acculturated to

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Speaker 1: crave babies, like we're nurturers where mommy's we want to

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Speaker 1: take care of everybody. So we're just built in our

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Speaker 1: DNA to crave babies, to have them, not to eat them,

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Speaker 1: of course. Yeah, I mean we give little girls baby

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Speaker 1: dolls as toys. I mean we I mean from from childhood.

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Speaker 1: Yet it's it's literally put in their arms. Yeah. And

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Speaker 1: Gary Brace said that related to the socio cultural view,

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Speaker 1: that people might think they want to have children because

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Speaker 1: they are supposed to have children. And I'm these people

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Speaker 1: will remain nameless, but I have known people who maybe

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Speaker 1: they should not have had kids, but it was just

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Speaker 1: sort of like the next step, like we're grown up,

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Speaker 1: so now we do this. So that's that's a thing. Um.

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Speaker 1: And but you know what, the socio cultural view, according

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Speaker 1: to the Brazes study, was not found to be that

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Speaker 1: great of a predictor of how strongly someone felt a

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Speaker 1: desire to have children. And then next up they tested

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Speaker 1: out something called the byproduct view, which is the idea

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Speaker 1: that people want to fulfill an urge to nurture. And

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Speaker 1: this isn't quite as gendered as that socio cultural view, um,

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Speaker 1: but it's just this idea that we innately, um, want

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Speaker 1: to take care of something. Yeah, especially as we you know,

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Speaker 1: get older, mature, get into relationships and whatnot. Um. The

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Speaker 1: theory that they found to be most accurate is the

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Speaker 1: adaptionist view, which is that baby fever is an emotional

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Speaker 1: signal that subconsciously hints to the brain that it might

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Speaker 1: might be a good time to have a baby. Uh,

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Speaker 1: why wait, have a baby? Um. They found that the

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Speaker 1: things that really affected how people thought about babies, baby fever,

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Speaker 1: having their own children, um is whether you had positive

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Speaker 1: or negative exposure to children in your life. And you're

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Speaker 1: basically what you thought about the trade offs, whether you

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Speaker 1: thought it was worth it as far as education, career, money,

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Speaker 1: social life to give up some things in favor of

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Speaker 1: gaining different things with having a child, which means that

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Speaker 1: if you perhaps they're in a relationship with someone who's

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Speaker 1: come down with a major case of baby fever, male

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Speaker 1: or female, if you want to possibly uh chill out

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Speaker 1: those symptoms, uh find I don't know, a daycare and

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Speaker 1: just have them hang out with kids who throw temper tantrums.

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Speaker 1: And really, because it's that negative exposure that the bracest

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Speaker 1: found will will turn you off from that baby fever. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And I mean there are a lot of people who

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Speaker 1: and we've talked about this to kind of in different

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Speaker 1: respects and too in episodes, but you know there are

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Speaker 1: people who once they get a little older and they've

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Speaker 1: really been out in the world, some people just decide

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Speaker 1: they don't want to give up a particular lifestyle sure

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Speaker 1: to have children. But other people are like, I will

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Speaker 1: give up whatever it takes to have bundles of joy

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Speaker 1: of my own. So digging into this BRACE study a

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Speaker 1: little bit more, the way that they investigated baby fever

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Speaker 1: and um how much men and women exhibit it was

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Speaker 1: that they had people rank their desires of sex, money, fame,

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Speaker 1: and having a kid, and they found that baby fever

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Speaker 1: exists in both genders. UM, But how frequently a desired

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Speaker 1: for a baby occurred did very according to gender. Not

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Speaker 1: so surprisingly, women more often were like, yes, I want

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Speaker 1: a baby more than I want sex, whereas guys were like, um,

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Speaker 1: I want sex. I mean i'll take a kid, but

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Speaker 1: i'll take a kid. I mean if it's part of

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Speaker 1: the package. Whatever. A tooth thousand seven finished study finished

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Speaker 1: as in Finland not whatever. Uh this is in the

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Speaker 1: Journal of Evolutionary Psychology surveyed men and women as to

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Speaker 1: whether they had experienced a strong wish to have a child,

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Speaker 1: and found that seventy eight percent of women had experienced

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Speaker 1: this strong desire, but fifty eight percent of men had

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Speaker 1: as well. That's a lot of dudes. And I I

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Speaker 1: also have known guy friends who have talked about really

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Speaker 1: wanting kids, who are all about it, and we'll do

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Speaker 1: this similar thing of when we walking down the street

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Speaker 1: and like, look at that cool kid. Yeah, a baseball.

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Speaker 1: I don't know what I'm hanging out. I want to have. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they want to have my little buddy, like those commercials

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Speaker 1: from the eighties. UM. In this study, this two thousand

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Speaker 1: and seven study, they found that women in their thirties

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Speaker 1: and forties reported having longed for children, often more frequently

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Speaker 1: than younger or older women. Uh So, I don't know.

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Speaker 1: Maybe that's just a lifestyle thing. Maybe you're in your

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Speaker 1: wild twenties and then as you start to settle down

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Speaker 1: in your thirties, you're like, I, I want to have

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Speaker 1: a child, and you have that thought more often than

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Speaker 1: you did when you in your twenties. And then for men,

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Speaker 1: it's a similar kind of pattern of the longing for

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Speaker 1: a kid increasing with age. And I feel like that

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Speaker 1: might have also something to do with that socio cultural

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Speaker 1: aspect of well, you've done all these things, your life

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Speaker 1: is set up. Society says, well, now raise something. And

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Speaker 1: there's the issues of like I want to pass on

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Speaker 1: my name or my genes and my whatever whatever alab

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Speaker 1: a you jokes, yeah exactly, and then hate you when

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Speaker 1: they turned thirteen. Some to do on Mother's Day. I

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Speaker 1: don't know. But there are also a lot of people,

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Speaker 1: and this is from that Finnish study as well, who

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Speaker 1: have never had a strong desire for kids. Um and

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Speaker 1: thirty nine point three percent of childless woman report that,

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Speaker 1: and fifty four point nine percent of childless men saying yeah,

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Speaker 1: I just really never never was into the whole idea. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they did point out that it's much more common

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Speaker 1: for a woman to try to persuade the man to

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Speaker 1: have a child, and they site empty arms syndrome like,

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Speaker 1: you know, this strong overwhelming physical and emotional desire to

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Speaker 1: just hold something like that's why you get a puppy.

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Speaker 1: Uh Andy. They say that, you know, there are hormonally

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Speaker 1: related changes connected to pregnancy, and these two things are

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Speaker 1: highly gendered. Obviously. The pregnancy obviously is highly gendered. If

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Speaker 1: you've had a kid, or you've experienced pregnancy before, you're

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Speaker 1: more likely to have baby fever. Again. Yeah, and I

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Speaker 1: think I have read articles where it talks about how

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Speaker 1: for men, especially once the uh their partner has the

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Speaker 1: first child, their chances of really wanting the second one

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Speaker 1: even more so than uh than the wife. Yeah, good illustration.

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Speaker 1: Not that this is entirely accurate. I'm just totally gonna

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Speaker 1: pick on my friends Clay and Jessica. Um, but Jessica

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Speaker 1: had wanted kids. She was an only child and had

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Speaker 1: wanted a brood of like thirty children since she was little.

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Speaker 1: Had always wanted a lot of kids because she hated

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Speaker 1: being an only child. So she and her husband get

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Speaker 1: pregnant and she's like she's doing the nesting thing. Know,

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Speaker 1: she's buying the joys and the clothes and she's getting

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Speaker 1: everything all set and she's so excited and you know

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Speaker 1: she's staying at home and rebin or belly and whatnot. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 1: Clay is like rock climbing and at the gym and

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Speaker 1: going out to the bars. And they had a huge,

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Speaker 1: like giant fight about it. But once she's like, I

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Speaker 1: just hope that once the baby comes, you actually want

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Speaker 1: to spend time with your family, you know, pregnancy Mormons anyway,

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Speaker 1: Um yeah, once the baby came, of course, he was

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Speaker 1: absolutely in love with this child. But it's just a

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Speaker 1: different experience for the person carrying the child and the

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Speaker 1: person who's just like kind of along for the ride

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Speaker 1: during the pregnancy, who's rock climbing for nine months. Um yeah.

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Speaker 1: That finished study also put forth a couple of different

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Speaker 1: explanations for why we get this desire for or by

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Speaker 1: by we some of us, I should say, get this

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Speaker 1: desire for babies. And they suggest that it might have

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Speaker 1: been evolved through mate selection. And it's essentially this notion

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Speaker 1: that men and women who are sympathetic to babies and

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Speaker 1: like the idea of having kids display themselves as good

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Speaker 1: prospective parents. And as far as another reason, you know,

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Speaker 1: as related to evolution genetics, Uh, this whole baby desire

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Speaker 1: may appear as a result of psychophysical changes. And they

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Speaker 1: say that early in our evolution, most women were mothers,

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Speaker 1: and all women were exposed daily to babies and infants.

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Speaker 1: So really the default mode of the female body, they say,

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Speaker 1: is to have experienced both nurturing and pregnancies by the

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Speaker 1: early twenties. So there's like a troop wire that kind

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Speaker 1: of goes off, and your early twenties, it's like, oh,

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Speaker 1: what what should I be nurturing something? Where's something for

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Speaker 1: me to hold? And so they say that therefore, longing

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Speaker 1: for a baby can develop as a byproduct of hormonal

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Speaker 1: changes that evolved to prepare women for motherhood. Well, there's

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Speaker 1: also one other point that was raised in this study,

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Speaker 1: because it seems like baby fever, as this sort of

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Speaker 1: cultural thing is relatively new, and it i also have

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Speaker 1: something to do with the fact that women have greater

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Speaker 1: control over fertility because of birth control, and now it's

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Speaker 1: more of a choice as to when we do or

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Speaker 1: don't have a child. I feel like the idea of

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Speaker 1: baby fever being something that is talked about in terms

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Speaker 1: of like do you want one or not? Because I guess,

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Speaker 1: you know, think about it. A while ago, it was

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Speaker 1: just assumed like he would have a child, probably whether

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Speaker 1: you wanted one or not. Yeah, you you definitely followed

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Speaker 1: a path, a path, you know. You you you might go

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Speaker 1: to school, then you get married, then you of course

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Speaker 1: are going to have a family and retire and raise

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Speaker 1: those kids and whatnot. Now it's definitely more of like

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Speaker 1: a well are you with anybody? Are you in a

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Speaker 1: serious relationship? Are you going to wait until you are

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Speaker 1: to have a child? Like decisions? Make a decision, yeah,

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Speaker 1: because I mean also the marriage rates were so young,

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Speaker 1: you don't really have time to even wait around for

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Speaker 1: the thief that to strike exactly. Just ask Betty draper Um. So,

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Speaker 1: what though, are the symptoms of baby fever aside from

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Speaker 1: this kind of nebulous desire. I mean, we know what

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Speaker 1: what it is that is wanted, i e. Baby, but

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Speaker 1: what does that feel like? Well? The Finnish study that

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Speaker 1: we were talking about earlier broke it down and I

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Speaker 1: was really surprised, I mean because like I said, this

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Speaker 1: is not anything I have had personal experience with. But

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Speaker 1: there are women who have actual physical symptoms UM. This

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Speaker 1: They cite unbelievable aching the womb, feeling burned, pinched and convulsed,

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Speaker 1: breast that feel heavy in response to seeing a baby,

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Speaker 1: So like actual physical like I'm looking at a baby

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Speaker 1: and I just want to freakingt hold it. Yeah. Some

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Speaker 1: of the women on a more emotional level described their

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Speaker 1: womb demanding something like feeling, you know, a gentle knocking

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Speaker 1: in their uterus. Yeah, like a temptation, they say, you know,

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Speaker 1: a temptation that went against common sense. So maybe, like

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Speaker 1: you know how I said earlier, you know, you have

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Speaker 1: to make a decision. Are you going to wait until

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Speaker 1: you're in a serious relationship or married or whatever? You know,

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Speaker 1: you have to if if your life isn't in the

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Speaker 1: right place that you wanted to be. Maybe this baby

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Speaker 1: fever is going against common sense. So you have a

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Speaker 1: little bit of anxiety longing. They describe it as sometimes

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Speaker 1: a burden um. And then there might be more mental

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Speaker 1: symptoms of dreams, uncontrollable thoughts, fear of death, and loneliness,

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Speaker 1: low self esteem, and not so surprisingly also envy of

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Speaker 1: mothers and pregnant peers. Yeah, and this envy or low

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Speaker 1: self esteem can actually affect your behavior sometimes. Women in

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Speaker 1: this study said that they felt such envy uh and

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Speaker 1: kind of baby fever and everything that they actually ended

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Speaker 1: relationships with friends who had babies, like they did not

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Speaker 1: even want to be around women who were mothers. Well,

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Speaker 1: I mean, and imagine, like how if we're thinking about

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Speaker 1: this in terms of um, I mean, baby fever makes

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Speaker 1: it sound like something crazily the women do. But I

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Speaker 1: can understand that kind of anxiety and starry and difficulty

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Speaker 1: being around pregnant people if you are a woman who

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Speaker 1: you know, stay, you're settled down and you're trying to

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Speaker 1: have a child and you cannot you know, if you

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Speaker 1: are infertile and are having those kind of issues, I'm

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Speaker 1: sure it can be incredibly difficult to experience. Um. But

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Speaker 1: if it can also lead to behavior that is kind

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Speaker 1: of risky choosing to have have unprotected sex for instance,

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Speaker 1: or yeah, like some people will go off their preferred

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Speaker 1: form of birth control and not tell their partner things

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Speaker 1: like that, And that's part of the whole coercion persuasion thing.

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Speaker 1: And there's the whole you know, like making a partner

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Speaker 1: choose between child and divorce is one of the things

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Speaker 1: that was cited in the studies You you make me,

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Speaker 1: this is one fever that cannot be cured by cowbell um.

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Speaker 1: One of the triggers they mentioned. Age. We've touched on

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Speaker 1: that early twenties is a big period. Then thirty five,

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Speaker 1: so we're right around that that that second stage of

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Speaker 1: baby is coming. Yeah, and then things like biological clock.

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Speaker 1: While they're not entirely connected, it's the same thing like, Okay,

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Speaker 1: I'm getting older, Like what am I doing with my life?

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Speaker 1: There's also falling in love, feeling like you're secure in

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Speaker 1: a relationship. Now, I gotta stay. Of all of the

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Speaker 1: baby fever sources that we did run across, babel dot

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Speaker 1: com offered an interesting list of signs that you have

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Speaker 1: baby fever, which includes pretending you're pregnant, um not minding

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Speaker 1: when kids are crying. You just want to hold that

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Speaker 1: little screaming baby. Uh. You talk about babies constantly. You

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Speaker 1: stop in the baby aisle at the grocery store, maybe

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Speaker 1: just to pick up some baby food, just a sample,

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Speaker 1: just in case. You offered a babysit for free. All

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Speaker 1: the time you get the feeling that someone is missing

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Speaker 1: and you want to have sex more, but not because

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Speaker 1: you love it, because you're hoping that the birth control

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Speaker 1: fails and you oopsie baby. Yeah. So we've gone around

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Speaker 1: and around and around talking about how baby fever does

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Speaker 1: affect a lot of us, a majority of men and women,

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Speaker 1: but there's still a large population of women and men

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Speaker 1: of course, but women are kind of the dominant ones

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Speaker 1: in this conversation, UM who have had an equally strong

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Speaker 1: desire to remain child free. We've done an episode on

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Speaker 1: the child free lifestyle, and it's something that you know,

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Speaker 1: you really do have to fight for against those sort

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Speaker 1: of socio cultural forces that that might say, hey, where's

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Speaker 1: where's the baby, where's the beef? Yes, where where is

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Speaker 1: the baby beef? UM? One theory about women who don't

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Speaker 1: want to have children or um don't have baby fever

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Speaker 1: whatsoever is that perhaps they have a high testosterone level

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Speaker 1: or were exposed to above average testosterone in the womb.

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Speaker 1: And before you get like touchy into offensive and think

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Speaker 1: I'm talking smack, I mean I don't have any baby

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Speaker 1: fever right now either. This is just another episode where

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Speaker 1: I question whether my testosterone levels are elevated. UM. And

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Speaker 1: the same way that a lot of women and men

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Speaker 1: have had a constant desire, you know, over the years,

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Speaker 1: to have a baby one day, there are just as

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Speaker 1: many people who have had a constant lack of interest

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Speaker 1: in children. And this this lack of desire basically can

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Speaker 1: end up especially if you've had it forever, if you've

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Speaker 1: ever since you were a kid, you didn't like playing

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Speaker 1: with dolls, you didn't really care about other children or

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Speaker 1: babies or whatever. Um, it really becomes a defining part

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Speaker 1: of your identity because if you grow up with this

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Speaker 1: thing in your head, like I'm not gonna have children,

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Speaker 1: it kind of becomes a part of who you are.

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Speaker 1: And author Laura Scott said that she did a survey

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Speaker 1: and found that seventy seventy percent of the women she

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Speaker 1: surveyed had no desire to have a child and no

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Speaker 1: maternal instinct. So that's that's a big chunk. Obviously, that's

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Speaker 1: not everybody. Yeah, I mean, I'm sure it's a specific population.

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Speaker 1: Um and some some coral it's to people who choose

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Speaker 1: to and desire to remain child free. That's coming from

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Speaker 1: Christen Park, a sociologist. UM are that they are both

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Speaker 1: men and women tend to be more educated, more likely

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Speaker 1: to work in professional occupations, more likely to live in

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Speaker 1: urban areas, less religious, and less conventional. Uh. But there's

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Speaker 1: also it makes sense. You hear that a lot about

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Speaker 1: like higher income, higher education with people who don't have kids.

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Speaker 1: But guess what, it's because kids are a massive financial

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Speaker 1: and time investment. Um, So you know, I think the

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Speaker 1: moral of the story is that baby fever exists for

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Speaker 1: men and women alike, but it is not the rule. No,

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Speaker 1: it's not the rule. I also think baby fever should

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Speaker 1: be treated very very carefully by the person who has

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Speaker 1: it and that person's partner, because you might have baby fever,

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Speaker 1: but it might not be something that's good for you

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Speaker 1: or your family. It might not even be And and

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Speaker 1: I'm sorry if I if I sound harsh or whatever

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Speaker 1: when I say this, but it might not even be genuine.

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Speaker 1: It might just be like this emotional kind of termoil

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Speaker 1: you're going through for whatever reason. Maybe you've had three

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Speaker 1: kids and you kind of have baby fever for a

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Speaker 1: fourth one, but maybe that's not right for you or

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Speaker 1: your family. So yeah, and and also just because you

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Speaker 1: have baby fever, don't start like pressuring your family or

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Speaker 1: avoiding friends who have babies. Don't become a trickster in

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Speaker 1: the bedroom. Okay, out for that wink. So, so who's

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Speaker 1: had baby fever? To raise your hands and guys out there,

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Speaker 1: what we want to hear from you too? Because, like

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Speaker 1: I said, why do you guys want some babies? So

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Speaker 1: you can send us your letters about baby fever at

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Speaker 1: mom stuff at Discovery dot com. And uh, we have

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Speaker 1: a couple of letters here on a lighter note about

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Speaker 1: jock straps. So this first one is coming from Angela

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Speaker 1: and she says has always excellent podcast. I think I

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Speaker 1: just finished listening to the Athletics Support podcast and thought

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Speaker 1: I would share a funny little story. About a month ago,

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Speaker 1: my brother texted me while they were out shopping for

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Speaker 1: a cup from my young nephew to wear during softball.

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Speaker 1: My nephew thought that they all looked too big, but

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Speaker 1: he found a chine strap that he thought would be

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Speaker 1: the right size. Great stuff to embarrass him with in

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Speaker 1: about twenty years. You just replaying this podcast? Ah yeah,

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Speaker 1: This one is from Zoe, same topic. She says, I

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Speaker 1: hate that I know this, but I have a brother

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Speaker 1: who's three years older than me and was a catcher

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Speaker 1: in high school baseball. The nut cup I hate that

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Speaker 1: it is called that, she says, is removable from the

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Speaker 1: fabric and it can be washed in the dishwasher. See

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Speaker 1: that contradicts what that other person told us that you

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Speaker 1: shouldn't do that, she says. Then the fabric is thrown

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Speaker 1: in the clothes wash. Sure, it is very disturbing and

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Speaker 1: potentially scarring for a twelve year old girl to empty

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Speaker 1: the dishwasher and have to remove her brother's nut cup.

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Speaker 1: Disclaimer those were her words online. So thank you, Zoe, Yes,

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Speaker 1: thanks to everyone who has written in with nut cup

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Speaker 1: stories and so much more. Mom Stuff at discovery dot

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00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,640
Speaker 1: com is where you can send your emails. You can

408
00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:26,800
Speaker 1: also send us a note on Facebook and tweet us

409
00:23:26,840 --> 00:23:30,680
Speaker 1: at Mom's Stuff podcast. And if you want to learn

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00:23:30,720 --> 00:23:33,440
Speaker 1: so much more about babies and where they come from,

411
00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:36,000
Speaker 1: you can head over to our website It's how stuff

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00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:41,560
Speaker 1: works dot com for more on this and thousands of

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Speaker 1: other topics. Does it how stuff works dot Com brought

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Speaker 1: to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. It's ready,

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Speaker 1: Are you