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Speaker 1: Hey, y'all were rerunning two episodes today in Troy, the

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Speaker 1: show What's Up? Everyone. Welcome to this day in History class,

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Speaker 1: where we bring you a new tidbit from history every day.

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Speaker 1: The day was June six, n Soviet Russian computer engineer

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Speaker 1: Alexey podget Off launched a video game he called Tetris. Today,

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Speaker 1: Tetris is one of the best selling video games of

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Speaker 1: all time. Pogetnov have been working at the doubt Nietschen

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Speaker 1: Computing Center of the Academy of Science of the U

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Speaker 1: s s R. In Moscow as an artificial intelligence researcher.

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Speaker 1: When the lab was sent new software, researchers there would

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Speaker 1: figure out the software's power by writing a program for it.

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Speaker 1: Poget Off would sometimes makes games as the simple programs.

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Speaker 1: One game that podget Off particularly liked was Pentominoes. A

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Speaker 1: penomeno is a plane geometric figure made by joining five

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Speaker 1: squares of the same size together edge to edge. In

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Speaker 1: nine four podget Knov realized that Pentominoes could be part

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Speaker 1: of a good computer game, but there are twelve variations

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Speaker 1: of Pentominoes, which Pogetnov thought was too many, so he

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Speaker 1: decided to go with Tetraminos, which used four squares and

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Speaker 1: have only seven variations. He was working on a computer

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Speaker 1: called the Electronica sixty, which had a text based display,

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Speaker 1: so he had to create the puzzle pieces using letters.

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Speaker 1: Then he set up the procedures for the game, which

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Speaker 1: are fairly simple. The player flips and rotates puzzle pieces

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Speaker 1: of different colors and shapes as they fall so they

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Speaker 1: fit together. As the pieces form solid rose rose disappeared

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Speaker 1: to make room for more. The player loses when a

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Speaker 1: puzzle piece hits the top of the screen. Once the

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Speaker 1: game was where mind, he and his colleagues founded enjoyable.

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Speaker 1: The game was soon ported to a PC. Pogetnoff called

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Speaker 1: the game Tetris, which was a combination of the words

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Speaker 1: tetraumino and tennis. The first playable version of the game

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Speaker 1: was released on June six. N Early on players used

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Speaker 1: floppy disk to copy and share the game. It quickly

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Speaker 1: spread across Moscow, and soon the PC version was sent

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Speaker 1: to Hungary. Pirate it versions spread to western countries. In Hungary,

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Speaker 1: the game was put on display in a software exhibit

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Speaker 1: at the Hungarian Institute of Technology. Hungarian programmers had made

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Speaker 1: versions of the game for other computers, including the Apple Too.

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Speaker 1: Owner of Andromeda Software Limited, Robert Stein, saw the game

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Speaker 1: there and found out poget Knoff was the creator, but

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Speaker 1: poget Knov had granted his rights to the game to

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Speaker 1: the government for ten years. Electron North Technica or l

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Speaker 1: ORG was a state owned organization that controlled the export

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Speaker 1: of computer software from the Soviet Union. It was responsible

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Speaker 1: for licensing Tetris, and it handled all rights to the game.

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Speaker 1: L OR licensed Tetris to Stein, who licensed it to

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Speaker 1: distributors A Spectrum Holloby and Mirror Self Limited in the

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Speaker 1: US and UK, respectively. The version Spectrum Holobite design had

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Speaker 1: Russian theme, imagery and music. Tetris was one of the

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Speaker 1: first pieces of software to be exported from the Soviet

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Speaker 1: Union to the United States. After some conflict over the

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Speaker 1: right to distribute Tetris on devices other than computers, l

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Speaker 1: OR signed rights for an arcade version over to Atari

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Speaker 1: and non Japanese console and handheld rights over to Nintendo.

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Speaker 1: A copy of Tetris came bundled with every game Boy,

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Speaker 1: helping spur the device's success. Even though Tetris was becoming

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Speaker 1: a hit around the world, Podjetnov did not make much

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Speaker 1: money in the beginning, but in when the Russian license expired,

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Speaker 1: the rights to the game went back to podgeting Off

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Speaker 1: and he began to collect royalties. He and game license

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Speaker 1: or Hank Rogers founded the Tetris Company, which owns Tetris

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Speaker 1: rights worldwide. I'm each Jefco and hopefully you know a

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Speaker 1: little more about history today than you did yesterday. If

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Speaker 1: you're so inclined, you can follow us at T D

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Speaker 1: I h C Podcasts on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. And

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Speaker 1: if you're interested in learning even more about history, then

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Speaker 1: I suggest you listen to another podcast I host called Unpopular.

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Speaker 1: In it, you'll hear the stories of people in history

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Speaker 1: who challenge the status quo to create meaningful change, even

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Speaker 1: when their descent had serious consequences, and I'll try to

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Speaker 1: parse what their descent can teach us about protests and

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Speaker 1: contrarianism today. Thanks again for listening, and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey, y'all,

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Speaker 1: I'm Eves, and welcome to This dand History Class, a

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Speaker 1: podcast where we peeled back a layer of history every day.

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Speaker 1: I hope you all are doing well. I'm still here

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Speaker 1: in my closet, but I am so excited that I

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Speaker 1: still get to bring you a new episode of this

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Speaker 1: podcast every single day. I hope you all are holding

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Speaker 1: up and I hope that this podcast is bringing you

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Speaker 1: some spot of joy every single day. But that said,

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Speaker 1: on with the show. The day was June six. Kameha

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Speaker 1: may Had the Third, the third king of the Kingdom

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Speaker 1: of Hawaii, ascended to the throne. Kamehamy Had the Third

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Speaker 1: was Hawaii's longest reigning monarch. Kamehamy Had the Third was

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Speaker 1: the son of Kamehamyhad the First and the younger brother

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Speaker 1: of Kamehamiha the Second. Kamehami Had the Second and one

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Speaker 1: of his wives, Kamamalu, died in eighteen twenty four in

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Speaker 1: London after contracting measles. On June six, less than a

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Speaker 1: year after the death of his brother, Kawi Kayoli took

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Speaker 1: the throne as Kamehameha the Third. He was young when

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Speaker 1: he ascended to the throne, so he initially shared his

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Speaker 1: rule with Kahamanu. Kamanu was the Kuhina Nui or queen regent,

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Speaker 1: and she was also his stepmother. She embraced Christianity and

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Speaker 1: before Kamehameha the Third took the throne. She had issued

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Speaker 1: edicts that were based on the moral teachings of the Bible.

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Speaker 1: Kahumanu placed emphasis on education, and she instituted laws against murder, theft, adultery,

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Speaker 1: and brawling. But in eighteen thirty two, Kamanu died. At

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Speaker 1: that point, Kamehameha's sister he now took Kahamanu's place, but

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Speaker 1: the next year Kamehameha assumed power in his own right.

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Speaker 1: For a short time, Kamehameha rebelled against his Christian teacher Jings,

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Speaker 1: but he soon settled into his role and worked to

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Speaker 1: formalize Hawaiian government. In eighteen thirty eight, former missionary William

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Speaker 1: Richards resigned from the church and became a political advisor.

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Speaker 1: He taught the king and his counselor's Western ideas of

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Speaker 1: law and economics. That year, Kameha Mayha promulgated the Declaration

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Speaker 1: of Rights, as well as an Edict of Toleration, which

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Speaker 1: was issued under the threat of force by the French government.

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Speaker 1: Under the Edict, Roman Catholicism was legalized, and in eighteen

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Speaker 1: forty Kamehameha enacted Hawaii's first constitution. The constitution was greatly

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Speaker 1: influenced by Europeans, Americans, and Protestant missionaries. The introduction of

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Speaker 1: the constitution marked the beginning of a new era of

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Speaker 1: constitutional monarchy. Kamehameha established judicial and executive branches of government.

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Speaker 1: In eighteen forty three, British Captain Lord George Poult pressured

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Speaker 1: Kamehameha into relinquishing the Hawaiian kingdom Tosh rule, but about

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Speaker 1: five months later British Admiral Richard Thomas restored Hawaiian sovereignty.

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Speaker 1: At the end of this period, Kameha Mayha gave a

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Speaker 1: speech in which he said, quote, the life of the

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Speaker 1: land is perpetuated in righteousness. This statement became Hawaii's state motto.

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Speaker 1: Under the Mahela at eight Kameha Maha established a system

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Speaker 1: of land ownership. Land was divided among chiefs, the king,

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Speaker 1: and the government, and by eighteen fifty commoners and foreigners

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Speaker 1: could on land outright. Many commoners, though, did not know

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Speaker 1: about the distribution. Another constitution in eighteen fifty two expanded

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Speaker 1: the declaration of rights, and it put more techs on

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Speaker 1: the monarch. By eighteen fifty three, the US was considering

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Speaker 1: the annexation of Hawaii under Kamehameha's rule, British influence decreased

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Speaker 1: in Hawaii, while US influence increased. When kamehamehad took the throne,

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Speaker 1: there were about one and fifty thousand native people living

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Speaker 1: in Hawai, but because of epidemics, that number would be

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Speaker 1: cut in half during his reign. The California Gold Rush

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Speaker 1: brought more trade, but it also brought smallpox, which wiped

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Speaker 1: out a lot of the Hawaiian population. Kamehameha died suddenly

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Speaker 1: in eighteen fifty four. He was succeeded about his nephew

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Speaker 1: and adopted son, Kamehameha the Fourth. I'm each Jeff Cote

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Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today

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Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. And if you have any comments

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Speaker 1: our suggestions, you can send them to us at this

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Speaker 1: day at i heeart media dot com. Feel free to

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Speaker 1: leave a comment or share your thoughts with other listeners

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Speaker 1: on social media where at t d i HC podcast

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Speaker 1: on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Thanks so much for listening

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Speaker 1: to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. For more

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