1 00:00:01,600 --> 00:00:05,400 Speaker 1: The art world. It is essentially a money laundering business. 2 00:00:05,920 --> 00:00:08,680 Speaker 1: The best fakes are still hanging on people's walls. You know, 3 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:12,559 Speaker 1: they don't even know or suspect that their fakes. I'm 4 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:17,000 Speaker 1: Alec Baldwin and this is a podcast about deception, greed, 5 00:00:17,079 --> 00:00:20,680 Speaker 1: and forgery in the art world. I just walked in 6 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:25,759 Speaker 1: and saw this bright red painting presuming to be a Rothko. 7 00:00:26,480 --> 00:00:30,120 Speaker 1: Of course, art forgeries only happen because there's money to 8 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:33,879 Speaker 1: be made, a lot of money. I'm listening to what 9 00:00:33,960 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 1: they're paying for these things. It was an incredible mansi money. 10 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:44,040 Speaker 1: You knew the painting was fake. Um Listen to Art 11 00:00:44,080 --> 00:00:48,040 Speaker 1: Fraud starting February one on the I Heart Radio app, 12 00:00:48,080 --> 00:01:00,320 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. Look for 13 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:03,800 Speaker 1: your children's eyes and you will discover the true magic 14 00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:07,479 Speaker 1: of a forest. Find a forest near you and start 15 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:10,680 Speaker 1: exploring it. Discover the forest dot Org, brought to you 16 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:17,240 Speaker 1: by the United States Forest Service and the AD Council. Mama, 17 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:27,360 Speaker 1: what does the chicken say? Uh? Draft? Draft? Really, giraffe didraft? 18 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:29,800 Speaker 1: You're not gonna get it all right. Just make sure 19 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:31,800 Speaker 1: you know the big stuff, like making sure your kids 20 00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:34,280 Speaker 1: are buckled correctly in the Right Seat for their agent's eyes. 21 00:01:34,480 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: Get It Right Visits n h S a dot gov 22 00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:41,319 Speaker 1: slash The Right Seat brought to you by the National 23 00:01:41,360 --> 00:01:47,720 Speaker 1: Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the AD Council. Welcome to 24 00:01:47,760 --> 00:01:54,480 Speaker 1: Behind the Police, a production of I Heart Radio. Welcome 25 00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:59,600 Speaker 1: Back to Behind the Police, the special miniseries for Behind 26 00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:01,320 Speaker 1: the Bass Huts, which is normally a show that I 27 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:03,720 Speaker 1: Robert Evans do about the worst people in all of history. 28 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:07,040 Speaker 1: But for these weeks and these these episodes, is a 29 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:10,960 Speaker 1: deep dive into the entire history of American police, the 30 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:16,200 Speaker 1: greatest bastards of them all, collection of them. Yeah. Uh. 31 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:19,360 Speaker 1: My guest in this journey into the history of police 32 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:23,200 Speaker 1: stem uh is my friend Jason Petty, better known as 33 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:26,200 Speaker 1: the hip hop artist propaganda Jason. How are you doing today? 34 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:32,000 Speaker 1: We'll sup happy Joe. The actual the actual one day 35 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:36,880 Speaker 1: of Independence. Yes, the day that like we as a 36 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:41,840 Speaker 1: nation kind of sort of started to begin to try 37 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: to live up to the promises made at our founding, 38 00:02:44,280 --> 00:02:48,840 Speaker 1: except not for women. Uh. Yeah, there's still another. We're 39 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:52,600 Speaker 1: still waiting for another. Uh, there's another independence coming soon. 40 00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:57,080 Speaker 1: It's been a rough couple of been a rough couple 41 00:02:57,120 --> 00:03:02,919 Speaker 1: of centuries. Guys. Um. Yeah, yeah. In fact, the MATS 42 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:07,080 Speaker 1: page A proclamation was two years before this because the 43 00:03:07,080 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 1: war wasn't done and still we were waiting on Texas 44 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: and still we were waiting on Texas and in some 45 00:03:12,639 --> 00:03:15,639 Speaker 1: ways still are still. Yeah, as a Texan, I could 46 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:19,560 Speaker 1: I think it's still kind of waiting on Texas. So um, 47 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:22,560 Speaker 1: in honor of I mean this, it won't be Juneteenth 48 00:03:22,560 --> 00:03:26,399 Speaker 1: anymore when these episodes drop. But these two episodes this week, 49 00:03:26,480 --> 00:03:29,840 Speaker 1: we're we're going real deep into um, the history of 50 00:03:29,960 --> 00:03:33,639 Speaker 1: racism and policing. Um. The That's that's what these next 51 00:03:33,639 --> 00:03:35,080 Speaker 1: two episodes are going to be. And then after that 52 00:03:35,080 --> 00:03:36,560 Speaker 1: we're going to kind of get back to a broader 53 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:39,520 Speaker 1: history of policing and come up to the modern era. 54 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:42,280 Speaker 1: We'll talk about the war on drugs and cops and stuff. 55 00:03:42,320 --> 00:03:46,600 Speaker 1: But but this, this is these two episodes are going 56 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:48,920 Speaker 1: to be more focused onto something that I think is 57 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: critical but not very well known to most people. You know. 58 00:03:51,640 --> 00:03:54,360 Speaker 1: Usually there's there's one aspect to which kind of what 59 00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:56,040 Speaker 1: we're talking about is known today, which is that if 60 00:03:56,080 --> 00:03:58,320 Speaker 1: you if you wound up at a protest recently, which 61 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:00,880 Speaker 1: I assume a lot of you have, of you may 62 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:04,040 Speaker 1: have heard the venerable left wing protest chant. Cops and 63 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:07,240 Speaker 1: clan go hand in hand. Um, And if you're a 64 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:09,400 Speaker 1: fan of rage against the machine, I'm sure you're familiar 65 00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:12,280 Speaker 1: with their their similar lines. Some of those that workforces 66 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:16,920 Speaker 1: are the same that burn crosses. Uh. And you know, uh, 67 00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:20,120 Speaker 1: we we talked a bit about how, you know, the 68 00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:23,279 Speaker 1: sort of story spreading about slave patrols and how that 69 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:25,080 Speaker 1: was the origin of policing and how that was you know, 70 00:04:25,200 --> 00:04:27,640 Speaker 1: partly true but not entirely accurate because it was more 71 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:31,479 Speaker 1: complicated than that. This is a case where the the 72 00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:34,720 Speaker 1: kind of like pithy chance uh and social media posts 73 00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:38,919 Speaker 1: and stuff actually are really accurate. Like that. That's what 74 00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:45,039 Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about today. Yeah, so in in in 75 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:51,400 Speaker 1: a very veiled defense for everybody else that didn't have 76 00:04:51,480 --> 00:04:54,480 Speaker 1: to live these realities. Like there's some realities like something 77 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:58,640 Speaker 1: like a red lining, Like I understand, I understand that 78 00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:02,000 Speaker 1: there is a wide out of people. You have to 79 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:04,680 Speaker 1: go out of your way unless you're black to know 80 00:05:04,760 --> 00:05:07,040 Speaker 1: what redlining is because it doesn't affect you, you know 81 00:05:07,080 --> 00:05:09,760 Speaker 1: what I'm saying. So I'm gonna give you that I 82 00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:12,919 Speaker 1: don't know the script, but I know, based on what 83 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:16,080 Speaker 1: the way that Robert's leading in, I have an idea 84 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:18,800 Speaker 1: that I'm probably gonna know these stories, but I'm pretty 85 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:21,040 Speaker 1: sure you don't because they ain't affected you. You never 86 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:24,880 Speaker 1: thought about redlining, because you never There was never a 87 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:27,760 Speaker 1: time that your grandparents was looking at the neighborhood and 88 00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:31,480 Speaker 1: was like, we can't live here. And it's not because 89 00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:34,599 Speaker 1: you couldn't afford to live here. It's because you wasn't 90 00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:36,760 Speaker 1: allowed to live here, you know what I'm saying. So 91 00:05:37,240 --> 00:05:39,360 Speaker 1: I understand that you don't know this. There's probably things 92 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:41,200 Speaker 1: in your life, like we could talk about some Native 93 00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:43,520 Speaker 1: American heritage and stories and stuff like that that you 94 00:05:43,600 --> 00:05:46,520 Speaker 1: probably would have no idea unless you went out in 95 00:05:46,600 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 1: your way. I went out of my way to learn 96 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:52,200 Speaker 1: those things because I understand what it means to be 97 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:56,359 Speaker 1: an oppressed person. So strap in, this is about to 98 00:05:56,360 --> 00:06:01,800 Speaker 1: be earth shattering for you. It's it's gonna be right. Um. So, 99 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:04,279 Speaker 1: in the immediate wake of the war, you remember, after 100 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:06,719 Speaker 1: part one, you know, we kind of ended on slave 101 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,560 Speaker 1: patrols just turned in right into police departments. Um. But 102 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:11,839 Speaker 1: in the immediate way to the war, a lot of 103 00:06:11,839 --> 00:06:14,960 Speaker 1: the South, which you know occupied by the United States Military, 104 00:06:15,040 --> 00:06:18,000 Speaker 1: the Union Military um and millions of black men had 105 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,000 Speaker 1: suddenly gained the right to vote for the first time, 106 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:22,440 Speaker 1: like kind of right around that same period, and historians 107 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:25,520 Speaker 1: generally call the the time from eighteen sixty to eighteen 108 00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:29,240 Speaker 1: seventies seven in the former South reconstruction, and it was 109 00:06:29,279 --> 00:06:32,239 Speaker 1: a time of great hope for black Americans. Seven hundred 110 00:06:32,279 --> 00:06:35,240 Speaker 1: black men were elected to public office, including two senators 111 00:06:35,279 --> 00:06:38,240 Speaker 1: and fourteen members of the House of Representatives, which when 112 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:40,920 Speaker 1: you consider that, like a huge chunk of those men 113 00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:43,560 Speaker 1: had been slaves a couple of years earlier, like that's 114 00:06:43,560 --> 00:06:48,680 Speaker 1: in that's maybe the rapidest turn around from not from 115 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:52,359 Speaker 1: politically being you know, not a person to being in 116 00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:56,040 Speaker 1: power that like has ever happened. Thirteen hundred black men 117 00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:59,120 Speaker 1: and women were appointed to various government jobs during this period. 118 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:02,800 Speaker 1: Free men pulled their resources, They formed companies, Some of 119 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:05,240 Speaker 1: them fought to receive back wages, and even tried to 120 00:07:05,279 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 1: take land from their former masters. It was generally not successful, 121 00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:11,480 Speaker 1: but attempts were made and all across the South. Groups 122 00:07:11,480 --> 00:07:14,440 Speaker 1: of freedmen also formed militias, sometimes using the rifles with 123 00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:18,120 Speaker 1: which they had served in the Union Army and obviously. Um, 124 00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:22,240 Speaker 1: a lot of white folks weren't happy with this. Yeah, 125 00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:25,200 Speaker 1: it worked. It's like, so they go, you know, we're 126 00:07:25,200 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: just gonna let them. You forget that, especially in the South, 127 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:34,000 Speaker 1: the vast majority of the population were freed slaves. So 128 00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:36,400 Speaker 1: just by the sheer numbers, if you let us vote, 129 00:07:36,400 --> 00:07:39,240 Speaker 1: we're gonna vote in our own people. Yeah, it's you're 130 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:45,920 Speaker 1: not going to be in charge anymore. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. 131 00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:49,760 Speaker 1: So this was a pickle for um, for the white supremacists. 132 00:07:49,880 --> 00:07:52,920 Speaker 1: We we we could say that fairly. Um. Yeah, And 133 00:07:53,040 --> 00:07:56,360 Speaker 1: outside of the transition of slave patrols to police departments, 134 00:07:56,400 --> 00:07:58,000 Speaker 1: a lot of white people just sort of on their 135 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:00,440 Speaker 1: own attempted to put newly freed black people in their 136 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:03,880 Speaker 1: place by using the law to to you know, suppress them. 137 00:08:04,280 --> 00:08:06,520 Speaker 1: Laws were passed throughout the old slave states that banned 138 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:09,440 Speaker 1: vagrancy or being out in public without a visible means 139 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:12,120 Speaker 1: of support. You might recognize this as the same tactic 140 00:08:12,240 --> 00:08:14,760 Speaker 1: used a little bit later to stop union workers from 141 00:08:14,840 --> 00:08:17,880 Speaker 1: organizing in other parts of the country. Um, so that 142 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: is kind of we can we we can see some 143 00:08:19,920 --> 00:08:22,680 Speaker 1: sometimes the exact same tactic being used for very different 144 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:26,040 Speaker 1: groups of of oppressed Americans. But it is. It's the 145 00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:28,000 Speaker 1: same thing. Like, what do we just make it illegal 146 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:32,880 Speaker 1: for them to be outside? Yeah? So um. In this case, 147 00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:36,040 Speaker 1: vagrancy laws were used to force black people to take employment, 148 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:38,400 Speaker 1: generally a sharecropper. So you make it illegal to be 149 00:08:38,440 --> 00:08:41,679 Speaker 1: outside without a job. That forces people to take jobs. 150 00:08:41,920 --> 00:08:45,000 Speaker 1: And since like you don't want to go to jail, 151 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:47,240 Speaker 1: your choice, like you have to very quickly get whatever 152 00:08:47,320 --> 00:08:49,800 Speaker 1: job you can get, which means people, you know, the 153 00:08:49,880 --> 00:08:51,960 Speaker 1: power is in the hands of the person offering you 154 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:54,400 Speaker 1: the job, which means they could give you a job 155 00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: that's basically slavery, which is in fact, what a lot 156 00:08:57,160 --> 00:09:03,520 Speaker 1: of sharecropping job share cropping? Yeah. Um, so again not 157 00:09:03,679 --> 00:09:06,559 Speaker 1: quite slavery, but also not nearly as far from being 158 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:10,080 Speaker 1: slavery as it really ought to have been. Slavery light, Yeah, 159 00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:12,480 Speaker 1: slavery light. A little bit of diet. It's like the 160 00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:17,040 Speaker 1: Coke zero of human beings. That's one calorie. Yeah, it 161 00:09:17,160 --> 00:09:21,120 Speaker 1: is better for you, but not very much better. Yeah, 162 00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:24,640 Speaker 1: not very much better. Um, and it'll probably give you 163 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:31,760 Speaker 1: a brain tumor. Um. I want to I'll cut that 164 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:34,199 Speaker 1: bed out off. Coke zero wants to sponsor the podcast. 165 00:09:34,280 --> 00:09:37,560 Speaker 1: I will take your money yeah, so I want to 166 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:41,040 Speaker 1: kick off our quotations in this episode with one from 167 00:09:41,040 --> 00:09:43,959 Speaker 1: the absolutely critical book that everybody ought to read, The 168 00:09:44,120 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 1: End of Policing by Alex Vitalete. Anyone on the roads 169 00:09:48,679 --> 00:09:51,640 Speaker 1: without proof of employment was quickly subjected to police action. 170 00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:54,520 Speaker 1: Local police were the essential front door of the twin 171 00:09:54,679 --> 00:09:58,440 Speaker 1: evils of convict leasing and prison farms. Local sheriffs would 172 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:01,240 Speaker 1: arrest free blacks on flimsy to non exist in evidence, 173 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:04,040 Speaker 1: then drive them into a cruel and inhuman justice system 174 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:07,120 Speaker 1: whose punishments often resulted in death. These same sheriffs and 175 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:10,360 Speaker 1: judges also received kickbacks and in some cases generated lists 176 00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:13,160 Speaker 1: of fit and hard working blacks to be incarcerated on 177 00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:15,439 Speaker 1: behalf of employers who had then leased them out to 178 00:10:15,480 --> 00:10:19,520 Speaker 1: perform forced labor for profit. Douglas Blackman chronicles the appalling 179 00:10:19,559 --> 00:10:22,360 Speaker 1: conditions of mines and lumber camps, where thousands perished. But 180 00:10:22,440 --> 00:10:24,800 Speaker 1: the Jim Crow era policing had become a central tool 181 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:28,600 Speaker 1: of maintaining racial inequality throughout the South, supplemented by ad 182 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:31,360 Speaker 1: hoc vigilante such as the ku Klux Klan, which often 183 00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:36,560 Speaker 1: worked closely with and was populated by local police. Good 184 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:39,840 Speaker 1: little summary of how it all went down. Yeah, yep, 185 00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:45,120 Speaker 1: so the motherfucking KKK um. Let's come on, get into 186 00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:47,280 Speaker 1: a baby. Now. We've done a whole two potter on 187 00:10:47,320 --> 00:10:49,200 Speaker 1: the history of the clan, the first and the second 188 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:51,959 Speaker 1: clan at least on Behind the Bastards already, So if 189 00:10:51,960 --> 00:10:54,600 Speaker 1: you want a detailed history of both of those organizations, 190 00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:56,200 Speaker 1: you can check that out. It's in it's in the 191 00:10:56,200 --> 00:10:58,240 Speaker 1: Behind the Bastards feed. But I'm gonna give a little 192 00:10:58,240 --> 00:10:59,920 Speaker 1: bit of an overview before we dig into the cop 193 00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:03,880 Speaker 1: you know, specific stuff. The KKK formed initially in Pulaski, Tennessee, 194 00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:10,640 Speaker 1: in eighteen sixty six. First like saying Pulaski. Pulaski. Yeah, 195 00:11:10,679 --> 00:11:12,480 Speaker 1: it's a fun name of a town. It's a shame 196 00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:17,480 Speaker 1: all of the terrorism. Anyway, The very first KKK cell 197 00:11:17,679 --> 00:11:19,880 Speaker 1: was formed by a bunch of board drunk and pretty 198 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:23,000 Speaker 1: well off Confederate veterans. They dressed up like wizards, and 199 00:11:23,040 --> 00:11:25,400 Speaker 1: they gave themselves absurd titles and went out at night 200 00:11:25,880 --> 00:11:29,240 Speaker 1: uh costumed as the ghosts of Confederate veterans in order 201 00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:32,440 Speaker 1: to scare freed black people. One of the KKK founders 202 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:34,760 Speaker 1: happened to own the local newspaper and he published a 203 00:11:34,760 --> 00:11:38,240 Speaker 1: bunch of mysterious letters from a grand cyclops, all of 204 00:11:38,280 --> 00:11:40,960 Speaker 1: which made the clan seem cool and mysterious and powerful. 205 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:43,720 Speaker 1: This early meme, and that's really what the KKK was 206 00:11:43,760 --> 00:11:46,040 Speaker 1: at the start, spread very quickly throughout the South, and 207 00:11:46,080 --> 00:11:48,360 Speaker 1: soon thousands of white dudes were dressing like ghosts and 208 00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:52,560 Speaker 1: terrorizing black people, generally while drunk as all hell. Sometimes 209 00:11:52,559 --> 00:11:55,199 Speaker 1: they wore dresses, other times they pretended to be aliens. 210 00:11:55,320 --> 00:11:57,439 Speaker 1: They did this because it was fun, but also because 211 00:11:57,480 --> 00:12:00,720 Speaker 1: it made their abuse more impactful. And her fantastic book 212 00:12:00,800 --> 00:12:03,719 Speaker 1: Ku Klux, Elaine Parsons explains this in a way that 213 00:12:03,760 --> 00:12:05,400 Speaker 1: I think is really important when it comes to just 214 00:12:05,440 --> 00:12:08,640 Speaker 1: sort of understanding modern right wing street violence and why 215 00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:10,320 Speaker 1: a lot of it seems so silly, like a lot 216 00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:12,640 Speaker 1: of the ways they dress up that act are so 217 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:16,880 Speaker 1: on that surface absurd quote Ku Klux endeavored to portray 218 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:20,440 Speaker 1: victims entirely rational fear of their physical violence, as though 219 00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:24,120 Speaker 1: it were superstition or gullibility. The victim, telling Lee, failed 220 00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:27,320 Speaker 1: to get the joke, allowing himself to be frightened by 221 00:12:27,520 --> 00:12:31,839 Speaker 1: ghosts or devils. Get the joke, Yeah, they didn't get 222 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:37,880 Speaker 1: the joke. Shot at you. Yeah, yeah, you know, while 223 00:12:37,920 --> 00:12:40,920 Speaker 1: I'm hanging from my neck. Yeah you get it. Yeah, 224 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:43,000 Speaker 1: we hung you from a tree and we were dressed 225 00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:45,760 Speaker 1: as aliens, don't You don't get the joke? Ye, scared 226 00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:50,320 Speaker 1: of aliens? Yeah, yeah, there it is. Yeah, fucking fascists 227 00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:54,440 Speaker 1: are always yeah what Yeah, at some point you have 228 00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:58,400 Speaker 1: to explain to me and one of these bastard episodes 229 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:05,320 Speaker 1: why far right fascists are just not funny. Yeah. It's 230 00:13:05,320 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 1: because it's not funny. It's because comedy, um, good comedy 231 00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:15,640 Speaker 1: requires uh, what's the word I'm looking for here? Um empathy? Right, 232 00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:18,680 Speaker 1: Like you have to understand other people in order to 233 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:22,520 Speaker 1: say things that are funny to them. There it is, yeah, 234 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:27,920 Speaker 1: thank you? Yeah. So um yeah, many, if not most, 235 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:31,280 Speaker 1: of these early clansmen were former slave patrol members, and 236 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:34,040 Speaker 1: a sizeable number of these early clansmen, in addition to 237 00:13:34,080 --> 00:13:37,080 Speaker 1: being former slaver patrol members, were also current law enforcement 238 00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:39,800 Speaker 1: you know, sheriffs and the like. There was also, outside 239 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:41,880 Speaker 1: of you know, even the clan, just a huge amount 240 00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:44,800 Speaker 1: of vigilante violence directed against black people during this time, 241 00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:48,240 Speaker 1: and it all does sort of bleed together. One Edgefield County, 242 00:13:48,240 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 1: South Carolina, military officer like a U. S. Military officer 243 00:13:51,880 --> 00:13:54,920 Speaker 1: stationed in the in the former Confederacy in eighteen sixty six, 244 00:13:54,920 --> 00:13:58,720 Speaker 1: wrote this quote. Two men white had killed a Negro, 245 00:13:58,800 --> 00:14:01,280 Speaker 1: plus cut the ear off on another the evening before, 246 00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:04,080 Speaker 1: about five miles left of my encampment. It is presumed 247 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:06,880 Speaker 1: they belonged to a regular organized band of guerrillas which 248 00:14:06,880 --> 00:14:10,360 Speaker 1: infests that country. It is practiced among these monsters either 249 00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 1: to kill or mutilate any colored people who unluckily falls 250 00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:15,680 Speaker 1: into their power. None of the colored people dared to 251 00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:17,559 Speaker 1: sleep in their houses at night, but had to take 252 00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:20,320 Speaker 1: refuge in the surrounding country. Some part of the peaceful, 253 00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:22,760 Speaker 1: loyal white population are well acquainted with the haunts of 254 00:14:22,800 --> 00:14:25,720 Speaker 1: these depredators, but dread them. Would they betray them? As 255 00:14:25,760 --> 00:14:27,960 Speaker 1: there is no protective power in the country. They are 256 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,520 Speaker 1: a terror to the loyal population at night. These ruffians, 257 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:33,640 Speaker 1: besotted with drink, rave and tear like prairie Indians through 258 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:35,920 Speaker 1: the streets of the city. The civil law is powerless 259 00:14:35,920 --> 00:14:39,640 Speaker 1: to protect against such desperadoes. That's interesting because it gives 260 00:14:39,640 --> 00:14:41,880 Speaker 1: you an idea of how terrifying it was during this period, 261 00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:44,760 Speaker 1: how these people acted. It gives you also, like a 262 00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:46,280 Speaker 1: look into the head of sort of I guess what 263 00:14:46,320 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 1: you'd call like a white ally who was also still 264 00:14:48,440 --> 00:14:53,320 Speaker 1: really racist against Native Americans, Like, yeah, there's a prairie Indian. 265 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:56,360 Speaker 1: That's what that is of all the whole sentence. That's 266 00:14:56,360 --> 00:14:58,960 Speaker 1: what I caught where I was like, wait what it's 267 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:01,880 Speaker 1: like you're you're so uh what do we talk? Yeah? 268 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:04,440 Speaker 1: I was like yeah, it's like the record skipped. But 269 00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:06,440 Speaker 1: I was just like yeah, man, yeah, man, yeah, man, 270 00:15:06,520 --> 00:15:09,120 Speaker 1: hold up. Yeah, it's kind of like you want to 271 00:15:09,160 --> 00:15:12,000 Speaker 1: be really proud of like Ulysses Simpson Grant because you know, 272 00:15:12,040 --> 00:15:15,000 Speaker 1: as flawed as he was, he beat the Confederacy. He 273 00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:18,560 Speaker 1: was pretty committed to to black people not being slaves. 274 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 1: He was committed to them having the right to vote. 275 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:22,520 Speaker 1: He did some really good stuff as present for black people. 276 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:31,360 Speaker 1: Real terrible record with the Native America, just like real bad. Yeah. Um, 277 00:15:31,480 --> 00:15:34,760 Speaker 1: so you know, we have we do have a couple 278 00:15:34,880 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: of of of of founding members of this country that 279 00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:41,280 Speaker 1: we can be comprehensively proud of, but they're pretty much 280 00:15:41,320 --> 00:15:44,400 Speaker 1: just Thomas Paine actually, when just basically and and and 281 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:49,080 Speaker 1: John Brown. Yeah, yeah, yeah, John Brown, there was a 282 00:15:49,080 --> 00:15:51,560 Speaker 1: neat moment in his history where he was like asked 283 00:15:51,600 --> 00:15:54,120 Speaker 1: by some white folks he lived around to help them 284 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:56,880 Speaker 1: clear out a group of Native Americans from the community, 285 00:15:57,080 --> 00:15:59,160 Speaker 1: and he was like, I'd rather clear your ass out 286 00:15:59,160 --> 00:16:05,200 Speaker 1: of here. Yeah, good guy, John Brown. So, um, civil 287 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:08,240 Speaker 1: law was often powerless to stop these kind of bands 288 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:12,000 Speaker 1: of marauding white terrorists in this or insurgents really in 289 00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:14,880 Speaker 1: this period of time. Um, but civil law was also 290 00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:17,360 Speaker 1: often on board with this kind of violence. So it 291 00:16:17,440 --> 00:16:20,240 Speaker 1: was a mix of we really have no resources to 292 00:16:20,240 --> 00:16:22,680 Speaker 1: stop these people, and we also don't want to stop 293 00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:25,080 Speaker 1: these people. Uh. And a good example of how this 294 00:16:25,160 --> 00:16:27,840 Speaker 1: looked comes from the case of Union County, South Carolina. 295 00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: That town included a virulent cell of klansmen roughly organized 296 00:16:31,920 --> 00:16:35,440 Speaker 1: around a local criminal named Bill Fawcett. Now, Fawcett had 297 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:38,040 Speaker 1: been a member of another anti black guerrilla band known 298 00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:41,240 Speaker 1: to Union troops as Slickers previously, he and his friends 299 00:16:41,240 --> 00:16:44,280 Speaker 1: seemed to have slid rather seamlessly into becoming klansmen once 300 00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:46,600 Speaker 1: that was the hip new way to be racist terrorists. 301 00:16:47,080 --> 00:16:50,680 Speaker 1: Fawcett was repeatedly arrested for disorderly conduct and violence, but 302 00:16:50,760 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 1: he had good connections to local law enforcement, and he 303 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:55,400 Speaker 1: and his friends were also tied heavily into the wealthy 304 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:57,960 Speaker 1: gentry in the Union County, so they never really did 305 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:00,880 Speaker 1: any hard time because they were good smugglers and they 306 00:17:00,880 --> 00:17:03,760 Speaker 1: helped keep the rich people in the county well supplied 307 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:06,359 Speaker 1: with tax free liquor. One of the wealthy men who 308 00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:10,680 Speaker 1: supported Fawcett and his vigilante activities was James Rice Rogers. 309 00:17:11,080 --> 00:17:13,600 Speaker 1: He sold the illegal liquor that Fawcett smuggled, and he 310 00:17:13,680 --> 00:17:16,360 Speaker 1: was also the county sheriff in eighteen seventy. So that's 311 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:22,720 Speaker 1: back around the uh and again we're seeing kind of 312 00:17:22,760 --> 00:17:24,320 Speaker 1: the same thing we are seeing in like the big 313 00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:26,320 Speaker 1: you know, northern cities in this period of time where 314 00:17:26,320 --> 00:17:29,280 Speaker 1: the police are intimately tied with vice, right you know. 315 00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:32,879 Speaker 1: Um So, on the night of December thirty one, eighteen seventy, 316 00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:35,240 Speaker 1: Union County was struck by a series of violent rates. 317 00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:39,200 Speaker 1: And this kind of originated from a clash between white 318 00:17:39,200 --> 00:17:43,000 Speaker 1: and black folks that still very complex. It started when 319 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,399 Speaker 1: two of Fawcett's men set out to deliver a barrel 320 00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:47,760 Speaker 1: of illegal whiskey and they were stopped on the road 321 00:17:47,760 --> 00:17:50,479 Speaker 1: by a checkpoint of black militiamen. And these guys were 322 00:17:50,480 --> 00:17:52,840 Speaker 1: actually from two different black militias who had set up 323 00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:55,600 Speaker 1: patrols in the area they lived because there were bands 324 00:17:55,600 --> 00:17:57,800 Speaker 1: of armed clans been writing about and those clansmen had 325 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:01,119 Speaker 1: killed people recently. Um. Not black people would also like 326 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:06,960 Speaker 1: white Republicans in this period. Um, so they yeah, yeah, 327 00:18:07,840 --> 00:18:11,440 Speaker 1: they're they're killing Republicans. Publican meant something different back then, Yeah, 328 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:15,199 Speaker 1: sure did so. Um. There's these bands of you know, 329 00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:17,680 Speaker 1: armed klansmen running around killing people, and so black folks 330 00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:20,160 Speaker 1: set up militias to protect their neighborhoods, right, so they're 331 00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:23,399 Speaker 1: doing like armed community self defense. And this this group 332 00:18:23,480 --> 00:18:26,400 Speaker 1: of faucets you know men start driving up to one 333 00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:28,760 Speaker 1: of these uh, one of these checkpoints with a barrel 334 00:18:28,760 --> 00:18:32,119 Speaker 1: of illegal whiskey um, and this militia holds Fawcett's men 335 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,400 Speaker 1: up and they demand their hand over the whiskey. Um. 336 00:18:34,440 --> 00:18:36,240 Speaker 1: It's kind of unclear if they're just if they just 337 00:18:36,280 --> 00:18:38,440 Speaker 1: want the whiskey because they're like, oh hey, let's get 338 00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:41,280 Speaker 1: some whiskey, um, or if they're more like you guys 339 00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:43,960 Speaker 1: are sketchy as hell. Um, you kind of seem like 340 00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:46,560 Speaker 1: the clan dudes because these guys were both probably klansmen 341 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:48,320 Speaker 1: who have been writing around and like, we want to 342 00:18:48,359 --> 00:18:51,199 Speaker 1: see what the hell is up. And obviously these these 343 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:53,960 Speaker 1: white dudes weren't willing to like listen to what a 344 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:56,480 Speaker 1: bunch of black militias said, and they write off, and 345 00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:59,840 Speaker 1: so the black militiamen opened fire at their wagon. Uh. 346 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:03,000 Speaker 1: I'm gonna quote from historian A. Lane Parsons here. Perhaps 347 00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:05,240 Speaker 1: it was important to the pickets or those who fired, 348 00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:08,120 Speaker 1: that white men not dismissed their armed demands and drive 349 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:11,359 Speaker 1: breezily by. Such pickets were part of how power operated 350 00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:13,719 Speaker 1: in Union, and to mobilize the resources to set one 351 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:16,640 Speaker 1: up only to have it dismissed might have serious consequences. 352 00:19:16,840 --> 00:19:18,880 Speaker 1: Perhaps the shots were not about the whiskey at all. 353 00:19:19,040 --> 00:19:21,320 Speaker 1: There is some reason to suspect that Stevens, who's one 354 00:19:21,359 --> 00:19:24,920 Speaker 1: of the men driving that whiskey train, having passed through 355 00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:27,120 Speaker 1: the organized group, would have headed straight to Fawcett, which 356 00:19:27,160 --> 00:19:29,040 Speaker 1: might well have led to trouble, not unlike that which 357 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:31,320 Speaker 1: was caused by shooting. So like, they might have been 358 00:19:31,359 --> 00:19:33,080 Speaker 1: worried that these people were going to go back to 359 00:19:33,080 --> 00:19:35,439 Speaker 1: the clan and try to organize an attack on the 360 00:19:35,440 --> 00:19:38,920 Speaker 1: picket and so and trouble definitely followed, you know them, 361 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:41,720 Speaker 1: shooting at the wagon. Both the Fawcetts men immediately got 362 00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:43,480 Speaker 1: out of the wagon and fled, but one of them 363 00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,000 Speaker 1: was caught and he was executed by the militia, and 364 00:19:46,119 --> 00:19:48,240 Speaker 1: his body was posed in a matter similar to how 365 00:19:48,320 --> 00:19:51,680 Speaker 1: clansmen in the area had posed recently executed black men. 366 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:56,159 Speaker 1: Parsons continues. The black militia here was replicating the subculture 367 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:59,200 Speaker 1: of collective violence with which Union County ins were familiar. 368 00:19:59,400 --> 00:20:01,280 Speaker 1: Picketing a road to defend one of their own from 369 00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:04,520 Speaker 1: attack was conventional Union County behavior, as probably was the 370 00:20:04,520 --> 00:20:07,720 Speaker 1: shakedown of Steven's. Even shooting after the retreating figures of 371 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:10,240 Speaker 1: Stevens and Robinson as they ran their picket would perhaps 372 00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:13,560 Speaker 1: not have been particularly abnormal and as gunhappy a culture 373 00:20:13,560 --> 00:20:16,119 Speaker 1: as Union Counties, the killing of Stevens made it a 374 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:19,199 Speaker 1: much more serious matter of course. Militiaman, however, might have 375 00:20:19,240 --> 00:20:23,560 Speaker 1: miscalibrated elite's willingness to support Fawcett's marginal men, giving Steven's 376 00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:26,320 Speaker 1: limital status he was a criminal. Had the militia been 377 00:20:26,359 --> 00:20:28,320 Speaker 1: composed of white members, it seems likely that the whole 378 00:20:28,320 --> 00:20:31,240 Speaker 1: affair would have blown over. Indeed, when Steven's peer, Thomas 379 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:34,440 Speaker 1: Jefferson Greer, had been shot just months earlier. His assailant, 380 00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:37,200 Speaker 1: who was another white guy, had enjoyed widespreads public support, 381 00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:39,760 Speaker 1: but again, John Sanders had been a white man. The 382 00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:42,000 Speaker 1: fact that a black militia had killed a white guy 383 00:20:42,200 --> 00:20:45,159 Speaker 1: was not okay to local white elites, and so large 384 00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:48,080 Speaker 1: armed groups of white men formed up and started confiscating 385 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:53,920 Speaker 1: militia weapons from black homes, disarming them first. Yeah. So 386 00:20:53,920 --> 00:21:00,399 Speaker 1: so like they, I get a bunch of pushback from said, 387 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:06,480 Speaker 1: you know, uh anarchists, boogoloo dudes who are like low 388 00:21:06,520 --> 00:21:08,240 Speaker 1: key bugleloo but don't want to admit it. You know 389 00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:13,400 Speaker 1: what I'm saying, um saying like I don't understand why 390 00:21:13,440 --> 00:21:15,919 Speaker 1: black people don't arm themselves, like you're doing all this 391 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:18,600 Speaker 1: peaceful protests. Maybe you should, like you yelling at us 392 00:21:18,600 --> 00:21:21,480 Speaker 1: about being malicious coming out here heavenly armed. Maybe y'all 393 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: should start heavily being heavily armed, as if we ain't 394 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:30,080 Speaker 1: never thought of that, like like I would. What makes 395 00:21:30,119 --> 00:21:33,960 Speaker 1: you think we that thought ain't crossed our mind yet? 396 00:21:34,200 --> 00:21:36,040 Speaker 1: You know what I'm saying, Like, do you want me 397 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:38,760 Speaker 1: to go? You did a thing on them offered act already. 398 00:21:38,840 --> 00:21:40,399 Speaker 1: You know what I'm saying, We did that already, But 399 00:21:40,480 --> 00:21:42,600 Speaker 1: like this what years is? What year you're talking about 400 00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: right now? Yeah, it's this. I'm a big I'm a 401 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:49,879 Speaker 1: supporter of of of of not just black people, members 402 00:21:49,880 --> 00:21:54,200 Speaker 1: of marginalized groups, particularly as we continue to hurdle towards 403 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:59,560 Speaker 1: an uncertain future. Considering armed self defense. Yes, like, yeah, 404 00:21:59,600 --> 00:22:03,240 Speaker 1: that's been done a lot, and historically there's a lot 405 00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:06,280 Speaker 1: more armed white people. So it's still like, it's not 406 00:22:06,359 --> 00:22:11,479 Speaker 1: the solution. It's not the solution, and like, why you 407 00:22:11,520 --> 00:22:13,360 Speaker 1: think we ain't thought it at? Like do you think 408 00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:17,560 Speaker 1: we ain't thought of at This has been tried before 409 00:22:18,280 --> 00:22:20,639 Speaker 1: and and sometimes it does work. We'll be we'll actually 410 00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:23,080 Speaker 1: gonna be talking about this a few times in this episode. 411 00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:26,159 Speaker 1: It's not like like again, I I'm one of the 412 00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:30,679 Speaker 1: anarchists being like consider it. You know it's I'm not 413 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:32,920 Speaker 1: saying consider it, but these people talking to me as 414 00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 1: if we never thought about you know what I'm saying 415 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:39,360 Speaker 1: from the fucking beginning, From the beginning, what makes you 416 00:22:39,480 --> 00:22:44,800 Speaker 1: think like you come home, bro, and yeah what happens? 417 00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:47,600 Speaker 1: You know, the black people in Union County are organized 418 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:49,960 Speaker 1: and they are armed and white people start going door 419 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:53,720 Speaker 1: to door and taking guns out of it. Yes, and 420 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:57,040 Speaker 1: the reality of like and I love the part of 421 00:22:57,040 --> 00:23:00,240 Speaker 1: that passage that was like this is not abnorm more 422 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,360 Speaker 1: like what what what I wish I could run through 423 00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:08,080 Speaker 1: all of the streets of America and explain is our 424 00:23:08,280 --> 00:23:13,560 Speaker 1: countin American culture is violent, like we are. All of 425 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:18,240 Speaker 1: your statues are war heroes were founded on a protest. 426 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:23,600 Speaker 1: This is a violent culture. And our country, our power structures, 427 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:28,320 Speaker 1: they respond to violence. So I just don't like, I'm 428 00:23:28,320 --> 00:23:30,479 Speaker 1: not telling you this is the right way. I'm just 429 00:23:30,520 --> 00:23:32,960 Speaker 1: telling you this is the ocean you swimming in. You 430 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:36,480 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. Right, we are saltwater fishies. That's 431 00:23:36,480 --> 00:23:40,280 Speaker 1: where we are. We are a violent culture. So you 432 00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:45,920 Speaker 1: mad at somebody else who's who's experiencing violence, right, Like, 433 00:23:45,920 --> 00:23:49,760 Speaker 1: like it's become bit on those experiencing violence to remain peaceful. 434 00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:52,960 Speaker 1: Just it means like I don't think you want to 435 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:54,720 Speaker 1: you asking me to be a fresh water fish in 436 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:57,119 Speaker 1: a saltwater ocean, Like, I just don't know what to 437 00:23:57,160 --> 00:24:01,440 Speaker 1: tell you. The water is violent. So this is what's 438 00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:05,639 Speaker 1: going to happen. Yeah yeah, so um yeah, So the 439 00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:08,359 Speaker 1: white folks start taking all the guns of the black 440 00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:11,000 Speaker 1: people who are in malicious um. And they also arrest 441 00:24:11,119 --> 00:24:13,439 Speaker 1: dozens of black men, many of men whom had no 442 00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:16,880 Speaker 1: ties to the malitious. Now, some of these men attempted 443 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:19,840 Speaker 1: to resist, but they ultimately decided that a gunfight would 444 00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:22,840 Speaker 1: do them no good. Uh. They basically were like hold 445 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:25,159 Speaker 1: up in a house that was surrounded by white folks, 446 00:24:25,160 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 1: and they had the choice do we defend ourselves or 447 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:29,720 Speaker 1: do we give ourselves up? And kind of the decision was, 448 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:32,520 Speaker 1: if we defend ourselves, we will either kill or injure 449 00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:34,800 Speaker 1: some of these white folks and they will be really 450 00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:37,160 Speaker 1: angry when they finished killing us because there's a lot 451 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:39,200 Speaker 1: more of them, and they're gonna burn down every black 452 00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:43,760 Speaker 1: house in the neighborhood. Right that, Yeah, they like white 453 00:24:43,760 --> 00:24:46,960 Speaker 1: people at this time and even and at that time 454 00:24:46,960 --> 00:24:48,880 Speaker 1: and in this time, but mostly at that time. Are 455 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:55,960 Speaker 1: the elevation saying like you elevate the moment, like dial 456 00:24:56,080 --> 00:24:58,480 Speaker 1: the eat up. You know what I'm saying. So these 457 00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:02,400 Speaker 1: folks like give themselves up to say the neighborhood. Um. Now, 458 00:25:02,480 --> 00:25:05,400 Speaker 1: for several days, the white elites in Union County debated 459 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:08,080 Speaker 1: over this list of randomly arrested black men that they 460 00:25:08,080 --> 00:25:10,639 Speaker 1: had and decided basically, we're credit aside, how many of 461 00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:13,440 Speaker 1: them should can we punish and how many of them 462 00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:17,080 Speaker 1: can we spare without provoking a broader race riot among like, 463 00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:19,320 Speaker 1: because you know, there were like a chunk of folks 464 00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:22,240 Speaker 1: in power who are like who understood like, most of 465 00:25:22,240 --> 00:25:24,880 Speaker 1: these arrests are bullshit, but also we have to punish 466 00:25:24,920 --> 00:25:27,960 Speaker 1: some black people more or less at random, otherwise the 467 00:25:28,160 --> 00:25:30,320 Speaker 1: poor white folks in the county are going to go 468 00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:32,719 Speaker 1: on a race riot. So there's like this big debate 469 00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:35,879 Speaker 1: with the local elites. And Alice Walker, the head of 470 00:25:35,880 --> 00:25:38,560 Speaker 1: a local black militia, gets arrested on his way to 471 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:40,720 Speaker 1: travel to the governor to warn him about what's happening 472 00:25:40,760 --> 00:25:43,520 Speaker 1: in Union County. Now Walker hadn't been present at any 473 00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:45,359 Speaker 1: of the events that had sparked this, but he was 474 00:25:45,400 --> 00:25:47,800 Speaker 1: hated by the most racist of the local whites because 475 00:25:47,840 --> 00:25:50,320 Speaker 1: he was the organizer of a black militia, so local 476 00:25:50,400 --> 00:25:53,520 Speaker 1: law enforcement decided that his death would go really far 477 00:25:53,600 --> 00:25:56,800 Speaker 1: in calming the white mob. Now Walker had supporters who 478 00:25:56,800 --> 00:25:59,240 Speaker 1: were ready to rally to his defense, armed, but again 479 00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:01,600 Speaker 1: he told them not to um. He was innocent, and 480 00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:03,600 Speaker 1: he was certain that a court case would bear out 481 00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:06,120 Speaker 1: his innocence, but he never got the chance to actually, 482 00:26:06,160 --> 00:26:08,440 Speaker 1: you know, do that. On January five, a huge gang 483 00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:11,159 Speaker 1: of ku Kux klansmen rated the Union County jail and 484 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:14,000 Speaker 1: abducted five arrested black men, who also happened to be 485 00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:17,840 Speaker 1: prominent local Republicans Parsons rights quote. It is not possible 486 00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:20,120 Speaker 1: to name any of the members of the costumed group, 487 00:26:20,200 --> 00:26:22,040 Speaker 1: but because though not all of the men were on 488 00:26:22,080 --> 00:26:24,320 Speaker 1: horseback and were costumed, we can imagine that many of 489 00:26:24,359 --> 00:26:26,680 Speaker 1: the group's members were elites. From the size of the group. 490 00:26:26,760 --> 00:26:29,359 Speaker 1: Even if we accept only a cautious estimate, it seems 491 00:26:29,400 --> 00:26:31,680 Speaker 1: likely that they came from adjoining counties. There's a good 492 00:26:31,680 --> 00:26:33,960 Speaker 1: deal of evidence that some of Fawcett's friends were present 493 00:26:33,960 --> 00:26:36,440 Speaker 1: in a leadership role at this event, and one man 494 00:26:36,480 --> 00:26:38,679 Speaker 1: who was later named by witnesses to the raid as 495 00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:40,920 Speaker 1: a leader of the clan mob that abducted all these 496 00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:45,159 Speaker 1: black men was Fawcett's good buddy, Sheriff Rice Rogers. Um. 497 00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:47,120 Speaker 1: So again, yeah, the ship, that's how they get into 498 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:49,199 Speaker 1: the jail is the sheriff as a klansman and he 499 00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:53,119 Speaker 1: lets him him in. Yeah, yeah, and you know, obviously 500 00:26:53,359 --> 00:26:57,000 Speaker 1: what you're expecting happens to these black men and it's tragic. Yeah. Um, 501 00:26:57,240 --> 00:27:00,840 Speaker 1: and it's it's possible even that. Like, so, there was 502 00:27:00,920 --> 00:27:02,560 Speaker 1: one of the things that did happen when the KKK 503 00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:04,560 Speaker 1: showed up at this jail is they struggled with a 504 00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:08,639 Speaker 1: deputy to get the keys. Um. And it's heavily suspected 505 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:11,840 Speaker 1: by historians, including Elaine Parsons, that this was all kind 506 00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:13,879 Speaker 1: of an act um and that it's likely that the 507 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:17,200 Speaker 1: deputy who struggled with the clan after giving up the keys, 508 00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:19,840 Speaker 1: put on a clan costume and engaged in the raid 509 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:24,720 Speaker 1: after being robbed. Yeah, yeah, I can totally picture that, Hey, 510 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:27,520 Speaker 1: don't take my key, don't take my key. Look, I'm 511 00:27:27,560 --> 00:27:31,680 Speaker 1: doing the right thing. Yeah. And it is like again 512 00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:35,280 Speaker 1: a lot and this this this I highlight this story 513 00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:38,280 Speaker 1: because I think specific stories are kind of useful in 514 00:27:38,440 --> 00:27:41,919 Speaker 1: getting people emotionally involved. But this is one of this happened. 515 00:27:42,359 --> 00:27:45,720 Speaker 1: We will never know how many times constantly, Um, like 516 00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:48,320 Speaker 1: the whole idea of a mob showing up at the 517 00:27:48,400 --> 00:27:51,720 Speaker 1: jail and the officers handing over the keys or straight 518 00:27:51,800 --> 00:27:54,639 Speaker 1: up just participating in the raid of the jail with 519 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:58,240 Speaker 1: clan robes On was a constant story during this period. 520 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:02,200 Speaker 1: Um Now as a rule, local law enforcement either again 521 00:28:02,480 --> 00:28:05,560 Speaker 1: helped actively or turned a blind eye to clan violence 522 00:28:05,560 --> 00:28:09,119 Speaker 1: out of fear. Watching from Washington, d C. President U. S. 523 00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:11,479 Speaker 1: Grant was shocked by what seemed to be nothing so 524 00:28:11,560 --> 00:28:14,640 Speaker 1: much as a resurgent Confederate movement in his you know, 525 00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:17,720 Speaker 1: in his country. So when he had come to power, 526 00:28:17,840 --> 00:28:20,600 Speaker 1: Granted believed that the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, which 527 00:28:20,640 --> 00:28:23,119 Speaker 1: guaranteed black men the right to vote, would solve the 528 00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,040 Speaker 1: problem of securing the rights of newly freed black people. 529 00:28:26,359 --> 00:28:28,720 Speaker 1: He was taken by surprise by the vicious string of 530 00:28:28,800 --> 00:28:32,439 Speaker 1: murders that followed black emancipation and chat Noogat Tennessee, a 531 00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:35,399 Speaker 1: black man named Andrew Flowers defeated the white candidate for 532 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,400 Speaker 1: Justice of the Peace in an eighteen seventy election. Despite 533 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:40,360 Speaker 1: the fact that this man had just been elected justice 534 00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:42,920 Speaker 1: police were nowhere in evidence while klansman whipped and beat 535 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:45,479 Speaker 1: him and told him that no inward would hold office 536 00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:50,640 Speaker 1: in the United States. Again common story, Yeah and survived. 537 00:28:50,800 --> 00:28:53,760 Speaker 1: Yeah again, Hey, why don't you just put black people 538 00:28:53,760 --> 00:29:00,000 Speaker 1: in office? You think we ain't thought it at Yeah, 539 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:03,240 Speaker 1: gotta deal with the problem of mass violence being done 540 00:29:03,240 --> 00:29:06,959 Speaker 1: to black people in support of white supremacy. Not always 541 00:29:06,960 --> 00:29:09,560 Speaker 1: by white people, but in support of white supremacy. Because 542 00:29:09,760 --> 00:29:14,240 Speaker 1: we'll talk next week about how how having black officers 543 00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:16,760 Speaker 1: and police departments works, because it doesn't always work the 544 00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:20,920 Speaker 1: way you might suspect, because white supremacy. Yeah, we're talking 545 00:29:20,920 --> 00:29:25,800 Speaker 1: to the first one. Whiteness is a thing. Yeah, you 546 00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:32,880 Speaker 1: know what isn't the ku klux jus. No, that's not 547 00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:35,240 Speaker 1: that's not what I mean. Yeah, you know that's the 548 00:29:35,320 --> 00:29:38,200 Speaker 1: harsh Let's not analyze that too much. Right now, let's 549 00:29:38,240 --> 00:29:40,840 Speaker 1: just go through the episode one Funk the Police. It's 550 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:47,800 Speaker 1: time for an ad bk fuk the Police. Products. The 551 00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:52,600 Speaker 1: Black Effect Presents features honest conversations and exclusive interviews, a 552 00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:57,000 Speaker 1: space for artists, everyday people and listeners to amplify, elevate, 553 00:29:57,240 --> 00:30:01,280 Speaker 1: and empower black voices with great conversation. Make sure to 554 00:30:01,280 --> 00:30:04,520 Speaker 1: listen to The Black Effect Presents podcast on I Heart Radio, 555 00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:11,000 Speaker 1: Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcast. Hi. I'm 556 00:30:11,120 --> 00:30:14,160 Speaker 1: Robert sex Reese, host of The Doctor sex re Show, 557 00:30:14,600 --> 00:30:17,600 Speaker 1: and every episode I listened to people talk about their 558 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,520 Speaker 1: sex and intimacy issues and yes, I despise every minute 559 00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:25,800 Speaker 1: of it, and she she made mistakes too, ill everyone 560 00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:28,680 Speaker 1: at her wedding. But hell is real. We're all trapped 561 00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:31,440 Speaker 1: here and there's nothing any of us can do about it. 562 00:30:31,720 --> 00:30:34,560 Speaker 1: So join me, won't You? Listen to the Doctors Sex 563 00:30:34,640 --> 00:30:37,280 Speaker 1: re Show every Tuesday on the I Heart Radio app, 564 00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:41,280 Speaker 1: Apple Podcast, or wherever you get your podcast. Make sure 565 00:30:41,320 --> 00:30:44,000 Speaker 1: to check out drink Champs, your number one music podcast 566 00:30:44,040 --> 00:30:46,720 Speaker 1: on the Black Effect Podcast Network. Host n O r 567 00:30:46,760 --> 00:30:48,600 Speaker 1: E and d J E f N sat down with 568 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:54,040 Speaker 1: artists and icon Ya, which Vulture called one most significant interviews. 569 00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:56,840 Speaker 1: I literally had to go like Danos and I don't 570 00:30:56,840 --> 00:30:58,640 Speaker 1: want to have to be the villain. But when I 571 00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:02,800 Speaker 1: went and did the Donda thing, he returned and abody 572 00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:05,840 Speaker 1: had to sit back and watch the real leader. Check 573 00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:08,920 Speaker 1: out drink Champ's conversation with Yea and many more legendary 574 00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:11,720 Speaker 1: artists each and every Friday on the I Heart Radio app, 575 00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:14,720 Speaker 1: Apple Podcast, or where ever you listen to your favorite shows. 576 00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:23,120 Speaker 1: We're back, Oh my gosh. You know what I love 577 00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:25,680 Speaker 1: is being back from ADS because it means that we 578 00:31:25,720 --> 00:31:29,600 Speaker 1: can talk more about the horrific history of racism and 579 00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:32,479 Speaker 1: law enforcement, terror and trauma. That's it's inside of my 580 00:31:32,560 --> 00:31:38,480 Speaker 1: DNA and it passed on generationally. Yes, should have had 581 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:41,480 Speaker 1: an air horn there, so uh. Starting in eighteen seventy 582 00:31:41,640 --> 00:31:44,960 Speaker 1: U President Grant began to lobby Congress to give him 583 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:48,280 Speaker 1: power to do something about the clan because again, local 584 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:52,320 Speaker 1: law enforcement was actively aiding and abetting the KK. In 585 00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:56,240 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy and eighteen seventy one, Congress passed the enforcement as. 586 00:31:56,720 --> 00:31:59,280 Speaker 1: These protected the rights of black men to vote, hold office, 587 00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:02,080 Speaker 1: and serve on reason and generally enjoy equal protection under 588 00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,800 Speaker 1: the law. The Ku Klux Klan Acts, as they came 589 00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:06,920 Speaker 1: to be known, allowed President Grant to call up the 590 00:32:07,040 --> 00:32:09,479 Speaker 1: army to order in order to arrest and break up 591 00:32:09,520 --> 00:32:13,000 Speaker 1: the bands of disguised night marauders. And we're gonna be 592 00:32:13,040 --> 00:32:15,720 Speaker 1: like critical of law enforcement on this podcast, but we 593 00:32:15,800 --> 00:32:17,800 Speaker 1: gotta be fair when it's important to be fair, and 594 00:32:17,920 --> 00:32:21,360 Speaker 1: federal law enforcement did a pretty decent job on breaking 595 00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:25,680 Speaker 1: up the clan. Yeah, yeah, yeah, this is this is 596 00:32:25,680 --> 00:32:28,640 Speaker 1: where things get really complicated, prop because a lot of 597 00:32:28,680 --> 00:32:31,720 Speaker 1: the credit for this goes to Amos Ackerman, the Attorney 598 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:35,400 Speaker 1: General of the United States. Ackerman joined the Republican Party 599 00:32:35,440 --> 00:32:37,600 Speaker 1: after the Civil War and became one of the nation's 600 00:32:37,600 --> 00:32:41,320 Speaker 1: most strenuous advocates for black suffrage. He was like, black 601 00:32:41,320 --> 00:32:43,640 Speaker 1: people have the right to vote and hold office, and 602 00:32:43,680 --> 00:32:46,239 Speaker 1: we will I I will make sure we enforce this 603 00:32:46,280 --> 00:32:50,680 Speaker 1: with fucking riflemen if we have to. Um. Historian William S. 604 00:32:50,760 --> 00:32:54,080 Speaker 1: Mcpheeley said of Ackerman that quote no Attorney general before 605 00:32:54,200 --> 00:32:56,720 Speaker 1: or since has been more vigorous in the prosecution of 606 00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:59,640 Speaker 1: cases designed to protect the lives and rights of black Americans. 607 00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:03,080 Speaker 1: And here's where things get complicated, because before he was 608 00:33:03,120 --> 00:33:07,480 Speaker 1: a Republican, before he was the Attorney General, Amos Ackerman 609 00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:14,160 Speaker 1: volunteered and fought in the Confederate Army. People have layers 610 00:33:14,960 --> 00:33:21,920 Speaker 1: of complication. People are complicated. They in them contain many yeah. Um. 611 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:23,880 Speaker 1: And this if for Amos this seems to have been 612 00:33:23,920 --> 00:33:25,160 Speaker 1: like he was. It seems to have been more a 613 00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:26,760 Speaker 1: matter of, like you hear about these folks who are 614 00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:30,080 Speaker 1: like really loyal to their state for reasons I have 615 00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:32,520 Speaker 1: trouble understanding. Like, he doesn't seem to have joined the 616 00:33:32,520 --> 00:33:36,040 Speaker 1: Confederate Army specifically to fight for slavery, although he fought 617 00:33:36,120 --> 00:33:38,360 Speaker 1: for slavery because that's what the Confederate Army fought for. 618 00:33:38,680 --> 00:33:40,280 Speaker 1: But in his mind, I think it was more like, 619 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:42,320 Speaker 1: I'm really loyal to Georgia. I don't know, I can't 620 00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:44,760 Speaker 1: get in ahead of that guy, but I guess if 621 00:33:44,800 --> 00:33:49,040 Speaker 1: you can make that up, he tried to afterwards. Um, 622 00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:56,120 Speaker 1: so I want to give it to the possibility that people, uh, 623 00:33:56,200 --> 00:33:59,479 Speaker 1: probably hundreds of them at the time, you know, like 624 00:33:59,520 --> 00:34:02,000 Speaker 1: you said, just was like, look, we're down. Here is 625 00:34:02,040 --> 00:34:03,840 Speaker 1: what we do. We're fighting far our way of life. 626 00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:06,280 Speaker 1: I guess that's right. And in the middle of that 627 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:10,000 Speaker 1: finally had this like, you know, this is bullshit, you 628 00:34:10,080 --> 00:34:12,520 Speaker 1: know I'm saying, and was like, but if you're the 629 00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:17,160 Speaker 1: onliest person for miles talking like this, it's probably hard 630 00:34:17,200 --> 00:34:21,880 Speaker 1: to find some good community and you're probably gonna fumble, 631 00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:25,279 Speaker 1: and then you become this guy to where you're like, hey, 632 00:34:25,280 --> 00:34:27,279 Speaker 1: there's one thing I can do. I could probably like 633 00:34:27,520 --> 00:34:30,800 Speaker 1: dismantle this clan thing. That's the thing to do, you 634 00:34:30,880 --> 00:34:33,000 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. Yeah, if there's a thing that 635 00:34:33,080 --> 00:34:35,799 Speaker 1: can make up for volunteering to serve in the Confederate Army, 636 00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:39,359 Speaker 1: I guess it's dismantling the KKK. I guess, yeah, Like 637 00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:43,400 Speaker 1: that's a good that's a good good artist. Yeah. Yeah, 638 00:34:44,120 --> 00:34:47,400 Speaker 1: So the worst clan violence was in South Carolina, and 639 00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:50,680 Speaker 1: Grant declared martial law in that state, citing a condition 640 00:34:50,719 --> 00:34:54,520 Speaker 1: of lawlessness. He suspended habeas corpus uh, and numerous clansmen 641 00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:57,920 Speaker 1: were rounded up by federal authorities, including Sheriff Rice Rogers, 642 00:34:58,200 --> 00:35:00,680 Speaker 1: who we have been talking about a lot of a 643 00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:03,880 Speaker 1: lot of Sheriff Scott dropped pulled up in this. So 644 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:07,120 Speaker 1: the Senate held extensive hearings where hundreds of black victims 645 00:35:07,120 --> 00:35:08,719 Speaker 1: of the clan were allowed to tell their stories to 646 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:12,080 Speaker 1: the nation. Under Ackerman's direction, six hundred clansmen were convicted 647 00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:14,640 Speaker 1: and sixty five of them sent to a federal penitentiary. 648 00:35:14,719 --> 00:35:17,200 Speaker 1: By eighteen seventy two, the clan was no longer a 649 00:35:17,239 --> 00:35:21,000 Speaker 1: meaningful force in the United States. Frederick Douglas himself said 650 00:35:21,040 --> 00:35:24,000 Speaker 1: that without President Grant's actions, black Americans would have been 651 00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:27,120 Speaker 1: trapped again in a condition almost identical to slavery. That 652 00:35:27,280 --> 00:35:29,520 Speaker 1: is probably true, but it's also true that Grant kind 653 00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:32,520 Speaker 1: of botched the landing on this one, firing Ackerman to 654 00:35:32,600 --> 00:35:35,319 Speaker 1: appease his political rivals and commuting the sentences of some 655 00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:39,480 Speaker 1: clansmen in a bid for reconciliations. So again I can't 656 00:35:39,520 --> 00:35:43,720 Speaker 1: stand here. You know, let's be fair. Um. But also 657 00:35:43,840 --> 00:35:46,720 Speaker 1: you know, it is fair to say that Ulysses Simon 658 00:35:46,880 --> 00:35:50,480 Speaker 1: Simpson Grant was probably the best presidential advocate for black 659 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:54,920 Speaker 1: rights that existed until at least f DR. That's I 660 00:35:54,960 --> 00:35:57,680 Speaker 1: was gonna say, like, yeah, why not to the New Deal? 661 00:35:57,880 --> 00:36:02,480 Speaker 1: You know, yeah, even like even he got an asterisk 662 00:36:02,520 --> 00:36:05,520 Speaker 1: next to ye Yeah, a couple of them. Yeah. So 663 00:36:06,920 --> 00:36:10,320 Speaker 1: terrorism was, however, briefly out as a method of suppress, 664 00:36:10,360 --> 00:36:13,160 Speaker 1: of repressing Black Americans and enforcing white supremacy, or at 665 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:15,279 Speaker 1: least terrorism and kind of an organized fashion because we're 666 00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:18,480 Speaker 1: gonna talk about lynching later. Um. This left the law 667 00:36:18,520 --> 00:36:22,920 Speaker 1: and law enforcement as the last organized refuge for white supremacists. 668 00:36:23,239 --> 00:36:25,320 Speaker 1: The Black Codes had been made i llegal in eighteen 669 00:36:25,360 --> 00:36:27,720 Speaker 1: sixty eight, when the Fourteenth Amendment gave black people equal 670 00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:30,880 Speaker 1: protection under the law. Um, But in eighteen seventy seven, 671 00:36:30,920 --> 00:36:33,880 Speaker 1: the first Jim Crow laws began to be passed, mandating 672 00:36:33,920 --> 00:36:37,279 Speaker 1: separate public spaces for black and white people. Suddenly, white 673 00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:39,319 Speaker 1: and black people were now expected by law to use 674 00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:42,759 Speaker 1: separate schools, libraries, water fountains, and restaurants. The police could 675 00:36:42,800 --> 00:36:45,400 Speaker 1: no longer arrest black men for voting, although that absolutely 676 00:36:45,440 --> 00:36:48,320 Speaker 1: still happened, but they could arrest black people for entering 677 00:36:48,400 --> 00:36:52,280 Speaker 1: white spaces. The clan was gone, but the police remained, 678 00:36:52,360 --> 00:36:54,279 Speaker 1: and for decades they took over the hard work of 679 00:36:54,400 --> 00:36:59,600 Speaker 1: enforcing white supremacy from the terrorists. In nineteen fifteen, William J. Simmons, 680 00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:02,960 Speaker 1: former minister, performed a real active resurrection and brought the 681 00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,279 Speaker 1: KKK back to life. Now, Simmons had been a big 682 00:37:06,320 --> 00:37:08,880 Speaker 1: nerd for things like the Masons and other fraternal societies 683 00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:10,120 Speaker 1: that were a big part of life back in the 684 00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:12,200 Speaker 1: day clubs where men would gather and dress up in 685 00:37:12,239 --> 00:37:15,760 Speaker 1: costumes and do silly rituals and generally get drunk. Simmons 686 00:37:15,760 --> 00:37:17,759 Speaker 1: wanted to make a society of his own, and he 687 00:37:17,800 --> 00:37:20,719 Speaker 1: decided that reviving the old KKK would be easiest because 688 00:37:20,719 --> 00:37:23,319 Speaker 1: then he could cash in on the clan's name recognition 689 00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:25,839 Speaker 1: and branding. Again, I cover all this in that two 690 00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:27,560 Speaker 1: part or that we we already did on the show, 691 00:37:27,719 --> 00:37:29,320 Speaker 1: but before we move on to the cops stuff, the 692 00:37:29,320 --> 00:37:31,279 Speaker 1: important thing to know is that the second clan was 693 00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:34,240 Speaker 1: fucking huge, while the first had been a relatively small 694 00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:38,120 Speaker 1: group of terrorists the second Clan had its terrorists, but 695 00:37:38,200 --> 00:37:41,480 Speaker 1: it was largely a social club that included millions of Americans. 696 00:37:41,480 --> 00:37:43,440 Speaker 1: At its height, they had a summer camp like. It 697 00:37:43,560 --> 00:37:48,360 Speaker 1: was not quite the same thing. Yeah, they sold branded 698 00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:50,919 Speaker 1: equipment and stuff like, and in a lot of ways 699 00:37:50,920 --> 00:37:53,680 Speaker 1: they were basically a pyramid scheme. Simmons engaged a pr 700 00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:56,200 Speaker 1: firm to help him repackage this old terrorist group as 701 00:37:56,239 --> 00:37:58,920 Speaker 1: a cool club for families. By nineteen twenty, the whole 702 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:00,839 Speaker 1: thing had gone viral name and wide, and the claim 703 00:38:00,880 --> 00:38:04,000 Speaker 1: did engage in pushing racist laws. But for the folks 704 00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:06,560 Speaker 1: at the top, I think more than even a force 705 00:38:06,640 --> 00:38:09,680 Speaker 1: for racism, the clan was a grift right now. There 706 00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:12,279 Speaker 1: were a lot of racists in like everyone in the 707 00:38:12,320 --> 00:38:13,880 Speaker 1: clan was a racist still, and there were a lot 708 00:38:13,920 --> 00:38:16,799 Speaker 1: of racists who were like the old clansman kind of 709 00:38:16,800 --> 00:38:19,600 Speaker 1: at the top. Making money was more the goal than 710 00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:25,120 Speaker 1: anything else. Um yeah, uh so uh. In ninety one, 711 00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:27,440 Speaker 1: Simmons gave an interview to the Atlanta Journal that was 712 00:38:27,480 --> 00:38:29,640 Speaker 1: basically his sales pitch to the nation for the Ku 713 00:38:29,719 --> 00:38:31,920 Speaker 1: Klux Klan from a right up in the National Museum 714 00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:35,960 Speaker 1: of American History website quote while explicitly advocating white supremacy. 715 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:38,560 Speaker 1: Simmons played up his group's commitment to law and order, 716 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,560 Speaker 1: promoted their enforcement of prohibition, and even boasted of his 717 00:38:41,600 --> 00:38:44,719 Speaker 1: own police credentials. He claimed members at every level of 718 00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:47,480 Speaker 1: law enforcement belonged to his organization and that the local 719 00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:49,520 Speaker 1: sheriff was often one of the first to join when 720 00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:52,719 Speaker 1: the clan came to a town. Ominously, Simmons declared that 721 00:38:52,920 --> 00:38:55,000 Speaker 1: the sheriff of Fulton County knows where he can get 722 00:38:55,040 --> 00:38:57,080 Speaker 1: two members of the clan in a moment's called to 723 00:38:57,160 --> 00:39:01,440 Speaker 1: suppress anything in the way of lawlessness. There it is. Yeah, 724 00:39:01,520 --> 00:39:03,839 Speaker 1: and he wasn't blowing hot air when he said this. 725 00:39:04,040 --> 00:39:07,440 Speaker 1: In Anaheim, California, Klansmen won four out of five seats 726 00:39:07,440 --> 00:39:11,440 Speaker 1: on the city council, dominating local politics until nineteen. They 727 00:39:11,560 --> 00:39:14,240 Speaker 1: voted to allow officers who are clan members to patrol 728 00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:18,080 Speaker 1: wearing their full KKK uniform instead of their normal police uniform. 729 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:21,279 Speaker 1: Non police clansmen were also allowed to patrol and interrogate 730 00:39:21,320 --> 00:39:24,080 Speaker 1: citizens in the streets. I guess want you guys to 731 00:39:24,080 --> 00:39:27,880 Speaker 1: know that anaheims where Disneyland is, so just just like 732 00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:34,200 Speaker 1: let this let that sink in Anaheim. Anaheim Disneyland. Is 733 00:39:34,239 --> 00:39:37,520 Speaker 1: you want to go to downtown Disney it's Anaheim. Yeah. 734 00:39:37,560 --> 00:39:41,919 Speaker 1: The City Council of Anaheim, who are klansmen, are like, yeah, 735 00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:44,560 Speaker 1: cops can just wear their clan uniforms to do their job. 736 00:39:45,680 --> 00:39:49,080 Speaker 1: It's just a club, yeah, yeah, And the clan uniform 737 00:39:49,120 --> 00:39:51,719 Speaker 1: basically is the same as the police uniform. So like, 738 00:39:51,800 --> 00:39:56,120 Speaker 1: we're good. So I don't understand the problem. You know 739 00:39:56,719 --> 00:39:59,640 Speaker 1: this this is probably something for episode five, But just 740 00:39:59,719 --> 00:40:04,759 Speaker 1: like when I think to myself, like how anyone can 741 00:40:04,800 --> 00:40:09,279 Speaker 1: get their brain around even at that time, after the 742 00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:11,600 Speaker 1: law to change, after you fought the war, I just 743 00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:16,440 Speaker 1: think at the core it's because you, like, black people 744 00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:21,200 Speaker 1: are just You're still just functional. You're still just a 745 00:40:21,920 --> 00:40:24,359 Speaker 1: in the brain of the white supremacist at the time, 746 00:40:24,400 --> 00:40:26,239 Speaker 1: and I think sometimes the stain of that's still here 747 00:40:26,239 --> 00:40:30,239 Speaker 1: now where it's like you are you're an appliance. Black 748 00:40:30,239 --> 00:40:33,359 Speaker 1: people are an appliance, right, So when you can make 749 00:40:33,400 --> 00:40:37,200 Speaker 1: an appliance out of our entire bodies, that slavery, right So, 750 00:40:37,440 --> 00:40:40,560 Speaker 1: and then you move that into mass incarceration to where 751 00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:44,160 Speaker 1: you like, okay and segregation and stuff like that, like 752 00:40:44,160 --> 00:40:48,520 Speaker 1: who wants to live in the house with their cows right, 753 00:40:48,600 --> 00:40:52,120 Speaker 1: because you're just in your washing machine doesn't have rights. 754 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:55,719 Speaker 1: It's just a washing machine. You know. So when you 755 00:40:55,880 --> 00:40:58,680 Speaker 1: if you think of an entire person because of their 756 00:40:58,719 --> 00:41:03,080 Speaker 1: color as just a function for yourself, and it's not 757 00:41:03,120 --> 00:41:05,400 Speaker 1: even just black people, it's like even people that like 758 00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:11,640 Speaker 1: if your argument against uh, you know, supporting immigrant rights, 759 00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:15,200 Speaker 1: especially immigrants of Latin American, you know, people is like, well, 760 00:41:15,560 --> 00:41:19,239 Speaker 1: well who's going to pick our cotton or pick our strawberries? 761 00:41:19,280 --> 00:41:23,560 Speaker 1: Who's gonna be You still see these people as an appliance, 762 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:26,279 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. So when I got my 763 00:41:26,360 --> 00:41:30,040 Speaker 1: ten thousand new followers, that's saying support black voices. I 764 00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:32,720 Speaker 1: wanted to be like, yo, thank you for coming. Here's 765 00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:37,640 Speaker 1: ten other things. I am bad. You know, I got daughters, 766 00:41:37,840 --> 00:41:40,440 Speaker 1: I'm lactose in tolerant. You know what I'm saying. I 767 00:41:40,480 --> 00:41:45,120 Speaker 1: think butters disgusting. It's because you're still see me as 768 00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,480 Speaker 1: an appliance, you know what I'm saying. So if if 769 00:41:50,520 --> 00:41:54,880 Speaker 1: if I'm just the if I'm just the cow, if 770 00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:57,160 Speaker 1: I'm just the function, so even if it's a function 771 00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:59,560 Speaker 1: of you learning from me, I'm still just it's still 772 00:41:59,600 --> 00:42:02,560 Speaker 1: just you. Hility, If it's a function of y'are just 773 00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:05,520 Speaker 1: supposed to pick our fields. You don't get rights. Y'all 774 00:42:05,560 --> 00:42:11,279 Speaker 1: live over there. And I don't understand why the damn 775 00:42:11,400 --> 00:42:15,239 Speaker 1: refrigerator wants me to treat it like an equal, you 776 00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:18,359 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying, Like you're just the refrigeration, Like 777 00:42:18,640 --> 00:42:21,719 Speaker 1: shut up, you know what, man here, we need to 778 00:42:21,960 --> 00:42:25,640 Speaker 1: figure out something to make the damn cows and pigs 779 00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:29,600 Speaker 1: understand that they just cows and pigs, you know what 780 00:42:29,640 --> 00:42:32,480 Speaker 1: I'm saying. So to me, it's like if if that's 781 00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:35,600 Speaker 1: where your brain goes, Damn, I went on a rant. 782 00:42:35,960 --> 00:42:40,160 Speaker 1: But if that's where your brain goes, that's why it's 783 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:43,720 Speaker 1: so like mind boggling to this to these clans people, 784 00:42:43,920 --> 00:42:46,640 Speaker 1: was just like I don't understand why these black people 785 00:42:46,719 --> 00:42:51,360 Speaker 1: keep asking to sit at our tables. Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, 786 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:54,279 Speaker 1: And that's yeah. I mean like but like that that 787 00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:57,360 Speaker 1: is sort of that's this is a really important thing 788 00:42:57,400 --> 00:42:59,640 Speaker 1: to understand because Jim we usually talk about Jim Crow 789 00:43:00,239 --> 00:43:02,200 Speaker 1: like white people usually talk about Jim Crow. I'm thinking 790 00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:04,080 Speaker 1: back to like how I've taught about it, like it 791 00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:06,319 Speaker 1: was this terrible thing that happened that was done to 792 00:43:06,360 --> 00:43:08,200 Speaker 1: black people, which it is was. It was a crime, 793 00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:11,440 Speaker 1: but also what Jim Crow was is the foundation of 794 00:43:11,520 --> 00:43:14,359 Speaker 1: law enforcement. Law enforcement in this country was still very 795 00:43:14,440 --> 00:43:17,360 Speaker 1: much in flux and being formalized when Jim Crow started. 796 00:43:17,400 --> 00:43:20,720 Speaker 1: It was really fucking new. Like the first police department 797 00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:23,120 Speaker 1: had only started in eighteen thirty eight. Jim Crow starts 798 00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:26,839 Speaker 1: in eighteen seventy seven. So US law enforcement and much, 799 00:43:26,880 --> 00:43:31,560 Speaker 1: if not most of this country is is founded um 800 00:43:31,600 --> 00:43:33,560 Speaker 1: at this like more or less at the same time 801 00:43:33,600 --> 00:43:35,960 Speaker 1: as Jim Crow, which means that US law enforcement is 802 00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:40,080 Speaker 1: founded in large part to keep the appliances in the 803 00:43:40,080 --> 00:43:44,520 Speaker 1: eyes of the white elite separated from the white elite. 804 00:43:44,680 --> 00:43:51,279 Speaker 1: Like that that yeah, um so yeah important point. Um so. 805 00:43:51,400 --> 00:43:54,480 Speaker 1: The second Clan was also real popular in Oregon, maybe 806 00:43:54,600 --> 00:43:56,840 Speaker 1: more popular in Oregon than it was anywhere else in 807 00:43:56,840 --> 00:43:59,920 Speaker 1: the country. And patient zero for the Oregon Clan was 808 00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:05,080 Speaker 1: the southern town of Medford, which is not Bedford, which 809 00:44:05,120 --> 00:44:08,480 Speaker 1: is where you go Shakespeare in the Park. Yeah, No, 810 00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:11,120 Speaker 1: that's Ashland, which is right next to Medford, right, And 811 00:44:11,120 --> 00:44:17,600 Speaker 1: and Ashland is a very different city, but like, yeah, 812 00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:20,799 Speaker 1: there's great tea house I love. I actually like like 813 00:44:21,320 --> 00:44:23,480 Speaker 1: Medford and Ashland are both like right next to each 814 00:44:23,480 --> 00:44:26,080 Speaker 1: other and both in one of the prettiest parts of Oregon. 815 00:44:26,080 --> 00:44:28,800 Speaker 1: And that's one of the prettiest places in the entire planet. 816 00:44:28,880 --> 00:44:30,480 Speaker 1: Like I've been all over the damn world, I haven't 817 00:44:30,480 --> 00:44:32,799 Speaker 1: found anywhere. I found some places that are like up 818 00:44:32,840 --> 00:44:35,120 Speaker 1: there with with that part of Oregon, but I haven't 819 00:44:35,120 --> 00:44:37,600 Speaker 1: done anything that I find pretty like fucking gorgeous place. 820 00:44:37,840 --> 00:44:42,000 Speaker 1: But also Medford has a real long history of straight 821 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:45,240 Speaker 1: up fascism right into the present day. Um, the mayor 822 00:44:45,320 --> 00:44:47,080 Speaker 1: of the town of Phoenix, I think it was Phoenix, 823 00:44:47,080 --> 00:44:49,760 Speaker 1: which is like right outside of Medford, basically a suburb 824 00:44:49,800 --> 00:44:53,080 Speaker 1: of Medford. The mayor two or three days ago, drove 825 00:44:53,120 --> 00:44:55,600 Speaker 1: his car into a crowd of Black Lives Matter protesters. 826 00:44:56,560 --> 00:45:05,800 Speaker 1: The mayor, yeah, so the issues go continue. Yeah, I 827 00:45:06,080 --> 00:45:13,400 Speaker 1: could see my face rightw wow. So, um, Medford is 828 00:45:13,440 --> 00:45:16,480 Speaker 1: where Luther Powell, the klegal sent by the National Clan 829 00:45:16,920 --> 00:45:19,880 Speaker 1: to establish the clan in Oregon, set up the state's 830 00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:23,279 Speaker 1: first KKK outpost. He gained initial recruits by pointing to 831 00:45:23,320 --> 00:45:26,680 Speaker 1: the massive bootlegging problem in nearby Jackson County and making 832 00:45:26,680 --> 00:45:29,120 Speaker 1: the case that the Clan could help with law and order. 833 00:45:29,280 --> 00:45:31,080 Speaker 1: And I'm gonna quote now from a paper by Ben 834 00:45:31,120 --> 00:45:35,200 Speaker 1: Bruce of Chapman University. Powell sold the clan to potential 835 00:45:35,200 --> 00:45:37,239 Speaker 1: followers not as a brotherhood of bigotry, but as a 836 00:45:37,239 --> 00:45:42,360 Speaker 1: beacon of patriotism, cultural conservatism, and social order. According to Powell, 837 00:45:42,400 --> 00:45:45,560 Speaker 1: the clan was there to uphold traditional American society against 838 00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:48,880 Speaker 1: the threat of the Roaring twenties. Specifically, pal emphasized the 839 00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:51,600 Speaker 1: clan support for the enforcement of Prohibition. In a matter 840 00:45:51,640 --> 00:45:54,080 Speaker 1: of weeks, pal had sworn over a hundred men into 841 00:45:54,120 --> 00:45:58,000 Speaker 1: the Invisible Empire, most of who were policemen. Clan expert 842 00:45:58,080 --> 00:46:01,080 Speaker 1: and author David Chalmers describes the clan under Palace being 843 00:46:01,200 --> 00:46:05,040 Speaker 1: in the law and order business. Luther palace recruiting success 844 00:46:05,040 --> 00:46:07,279 Speaker 1: in Medford cannot be quantified by lists of names on 845 00:46:07,320 --> 00:46:10,799 Speaker 1: paper on membership dues alone. With his newfound support from 846 00:46:10,800 --> 00:46:14,520 Speaker 1: local police officers, pal accused Medford County of insufficient prohibition 847 00:46:14,600 --> 00:46:17,759 Speaker 1: enforcement policies. He then spearheaded the successful recall of the 848 00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:20,719 Speaker 1: county sheriff. Within a month, the mayor of Medford was 849 00:46:20,800 --> 00:46:26,759 Speaker 1: dressed in white robes as well. So Medford again this 850 00:46:26,800 --> 00:46:29,360 Speaker 1: is and this happens. We're talking about Anaheim and Medford, 851 00:46:29,360 --> 00:46:30,839 Speaker 1: and like We'll talk about a couple of other cities, 852 00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:32,520 Speaker 1: but this is happening all over the U. S. We're 853 00:46:32,560 --> 00:46:36,160 Speaker 1: like whole city governments and the whole police departments are like, yeah, 854 00:46:36,200 --> 00:46:40,359 Speaker 1: what if we're just klansmen too, This is fine? Yeah yeah. 855 00:46:40,440 --> 00:46:44,560 Speaker 1: So pal success perfectly embodies what made the second clan 856 00:46:44,680 --> 00:46:47,480 Speaker 1: much more successful than the first. The first KKK was 857 00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:52,880 Speaker 1: literally an insurgent terrorist army. The new KKK positioned itself 858 00:46:52,920 --> 00:46:56,759 Speaker 1: as a force for law and order, standing alongside the 859 00:46:56,840 --> 00:47:01,480 Speaker 1: state in order to help keep white people safe. Um, 860 00:47:01,480 --> 00:47:05,239 Speaker 1: it was a It was again not a vigilante like 861 00:47:05,719 --> 00:47:09,319 Speaker 1: terrorist organization, but instead the same kind of designated vigilante 862 00:47:09,360 --> 00:47:11,480 Speaker 1: force if you remember that from our first couple of episodes, 863 00:47:11,960 --> 00:47:16,200 Speaker 1: designated vigilante force like the police. And that's why it 864 00:47:16,239 --> 00:47:18,560 Speaker 1: was often like a lot of local clan cells were 865 00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:23,360 Speaker 1: majority police officers. So Powell moved on quickly from Medford 866 00:47:23,400 --> 00:47:26,000 Speaker 1: to Portland, as most people who visit Medford tend to do. 867 00:47:26,440 --> 00:47:29,000 Speaker 1: Within months, the city had thousands of clansmen, and it 868 00:47:29,080 --> 00:47:32,240 Speaker 1: may have garnered more KKK members more quickly than any 869 00:47:32,280 --> 00:47:37,200 Speaker 1: other city. Now, again, this rapid success in Portland came 870 00:47:37,560 --> 00:47:39,719 Speaker 1: in part from the fact that the clan was seen 871 00:47:39,760 --> 00:47:44,200 Speaker 1: as respectable. Shortly after opening, the Portland Clan Chapter partnered 872 00:47:44,239 --> 00:47:48,320 Speaker 1: openly with the Portland Police Bureau. Since the Portland Police 873 00:47:48,360 --> 00:47:50,800 Speaker 1: Bureau only had a hundred and fifty men at this point, 874 00:47:51,000 --> 00:47:54,640 Speaker 1: it considered itself understaffed, and the Mayor of Portland decided 875 00:47:54,680 --> 00:47:58,200 Speaker 1: to appoint a vigilante police auxiliary, and he allowed the 876 00:47:58,280 --> 00:48:02,280 Speaker 1: KKK to pick the members. These men received police powers 877 00:48:02,320 --> 00:48:05,920 Speaker 1: and firearms, but their names were kept hidden, effectively turning 878 00:48:05,920 --> 00:48:08,759 Speaker 1: themselves into a secret police force. I should note here 879 00:48:09,200 --> 00:48:12,040 Speaker 1: that during the recent protests in Portland, a commander of 880 00:48:12,040 --> 00:48:15,640 Speaker 1: the Portland Police Ports Force sent out a directive ordering 881 00:48:15,680 --> 00:48:18,480 Speaker 1: police officers to cover up their names and replace them 882 00:48:18,480 --> 00:48:22,319 Speaker 1: with numbers that could only be traced back to names internally. Um, 883 00:48:22,360 --> 00:48:25,760 Speaker 1: just a fun little thing. Portland Police Bureau, same force 884 00:48:25,840 --> 00:48:29,920 Speaker 1: that partnered openly with the clan. Cool stuff. Oh my god. 885 00:48:32,520 --> 00:48:39,560 Speaker 1: Portland's where there's where on where on burn Side in 886 00:48:39,800 --> 00:48:43,960 Speaker 1: m ok you can go to a park of just 887 00:48:44,239 --> 00:48:49,799 Speaker 1: food trucks and you can get craft like vegan waffles. 888 00:48:50,880 --> 00:48:55,759 Speaker 1: That's in Portland. And the cops are claim members and 889 00:48:55,840 --> 00:49:00,120 Speaker 1: the yeah, yeah, yeah exactly. I've heard a lot at 890 00:49:00,160 --> 00:49:02,399 Speaker 1: you Portland's I've heard a lot of cops and clan 891 00:49:02,480 --> 00:49:05,000 Speaker 1: go hand in hand chance in port in the Portland 892 00:49:05,040 --> 00:49:08,480 Speaker 1: streets recently, and I obviously a lot of people believe that, 893 00:49:08,560 --> 00:49:11,040 Speaker 1: but I don't know if those people know that. Literally, 894 00:49:11,120 --> 00:49:14,640 Speaker 1: the Portland Police Bureau had an official arrangement with the KKK. 895 00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:24,360 Speaker 1: Yeah seriously, you know. Yeah, no, you're literally correct in 896 00:49:24,440 --> 00:49:27,600 Speaker 1: a very direct way, not just in a these guys 897 00:49:27,600 --> 00:49:29,880 Speaker 1: are secretly clan memberis but no, no, no, like the 898 00:49:29,960 --> 00:49:34,920 Speaker 1: PPB had an arrangement. Yeah, cool stuff, So a story. 899 00:49:35,120 --> 00:49:37,600 Speaker 1: Oregon also had a major clan problem, and this is 900 00:49:37,640 --> 00:49:39,680 Speaker 1: because it was the most diverse city in the state, 901 00:49:39,719 --> 00:49:41,440 Speaker 1: which meant at this point didn't mean that it was 902 00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:44,080 Speaker 1: the most the least lowest number of white people, and 903 00:49:44,160 --> 00:49:46,360 Speaker 1: meant that it had like basically, it had the most 904 00:49:46,600 --> 00:49:48,759 Speaker 1: the highest number of Catholic people who came from weird 905 00:49:48,800 --> 00:49:52,040 Speaker 1: parts of Europe like right that and again, the second 906 00:49:52,040 --> 00:49:55,360 Speaker 1: clan in this period, some historians will argue, was actually 907 00:49:55,520 --> 00:49:59,279 Speaker 1: more racist and violent against Catholics and Jewish people, or 908 00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:02,080 Speaker 1: at least as racist and violent as it was to 909 00:50:02,160 --> 00:50:05,120 Speaker 1: black people. Like this is it is like they've broadened 910 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:09,240 Speaker 1: their their spate of hatred um, and obviously it found 911 00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:12,959 Speaker 1: a healthy base of resentful Protestant white people in a Storia. 912 00:50:13,120 --> 00:50:15,799 Speaker 1: Clan leaders brought in anti Catholic speakers to rile up 913 00:50:15,800 --> 00:50:18,600 Speaker 1: the public, and they rallied themselves around enforcing vice laws 914 00:50:18,600 --> 00:50:21,680 Speaker 1: that the police had not handled to their satisfaction. Primarily, 915 00:50:21,719 --> 00:50:25,320 Speaker 1: they went after prohibition violators and prostitutes. On June seventeenth, 916 00:50:25,440 --> 00:50:28,400 Speaker 1: ninety two, the clan sent both local newspapers and the 917 00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:31,000 Speaker 1: sheriff a letter demanding that he take action against the 918 00:50:31,040 --> 00:50:34,680 Speaker 1: whistle in the heart of a local bootlegging operation. Two 919 00:50:34,719 --> 00:50:36,799 Speaker 1: weeks before the letter, two people had died in a 920 00:50:36,840 --> 00:50:39,520 Speaker 1: drunken accident after leaving the whistle in. The clan led 921 00:50:39,560 --> 00:50:41,080 Speaker 1: her to the sheriff threatened to take care of the 922 00:50:41,120 --> 00:50:43,720 Speaker 1: problem if he failed to do so. On June nineteenth, 923 00:50:43,840 --> 00:50:46,759 Speaker 1: the KKK sent fifty men into the whistle In. They 924 00:50:46,760 --> 00:50:49,279 Speaker 1: were met by Sheriff's deputies, who had been called ironically 925 00:50:49,360 --> 00:50:52,279 Speaker 1: by the bootleggers inside. The sheriff arrested both men, and 926 00:50:52,320 --> 00:50:54,799 Speaker 1: the whole incident became something of a local scandal. The 927 00:50:54,880 --> 00:50:57,359 Speaker 1: clan used it to petition for a recall election, which 928 00:50:57,360 --> 00:51:00,720 Speaker 1: they again succeeded. In getting their candidate one a recall election, 929 00:51:00,760 --> 00:51:03,040 Speaker 1: giving them control of a story a sheriff's department, and 930 00:51:03,080 --> 00:51:06,759 Speaker 1: soon after they swept local government elections too. Variations of 931 00:51:06,760 --> 00:51:09,160 Speaker 1: the story repeated themselves all over Oregon, and the clan 932 00:51:09,239 --> 00:51:12,320 Speaker 1: was eventually successful in electing their own candidate for Governor, 933 00:51:12,520 --> 00:51:17,160 Speaker 1: Walter I. Pierce. His regime passed the Oregon Compulsory School Bill, 934 00:51:17,200 --> 00:51:19,800 Speaker 1: which required all children from eight to fifteen to attend 935 00:51:19,840 --> 00:51:22,680 Speaker 1: public school. That sounds innocuous enough on the surface, but 936 00:51:22,719 --> 00:51:24,720 Speaker 1: the purpose of the bill was to destroy all Catholic 937 00:51:24,760 --> 00:51:27,360 Speaker 1: schools because those were not public. And again, the KKK 938 00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:30,839 Speaker 1: really hates Catholics, and definitely the Oregon Clan is more 939 00:51:30,880 --> 00:51:33,280 Speaker 1: anti Catholic than it is anti Black, but only because 940 00:51:33,400 --> 00:51:36,480 Speaker 1: there's not a whole lot of black people in Oregon, right, yeah, yeah, yeah. 941 00:51:36,520 --> 00:51:38,600 Speaker 1: It was like it's like ninety percent white people at 942 00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:41,520 Speaker 1: this point. So that's why the KKK is so focused 943 00:51:41,600 --> 00:51:45,680 Speaker 1: on although they also focus a lot on Japanese and 944 00:51:45,760 --> 00:51:48,680 Speaker 1: Chinese immigrants, and like this governor that they elect pushes 945 00:51:48,680 --> 00:51:51,279 Speaker 1: a bill to basically make it impossible to move to 946 00:51:51,320 --> 00:51:54,319 Speaker 1: Oregon or work in Oregon as an Asian person, and 947 00:51:54,440 --> 00:51:56,640 Speaker 1: you know, the both the anti compulsory bill and the 948 00:51:57,520 --> 00:52:00,640 Speaker 1: anti Asians bills like those get struck down. Um, and 949 00:52:00,760 --> 00:52:03,879 Speaker 1: this governor who is backed by the clan winds up 950 00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:06,040 Speaker 1: kind of turning on the clan, not because he's a 951 00:52:06,080 --> 00:52:09,640 Speaker 1: good guy, but because, um, he doesn't he thinks that 952 00:52:09,800 --> 00:52:12,000 Speaker 1: after he gets elected, he doesn't really feel loyal to 953 00:52:12,000 --> 00:52:15,560 Speaker 1: the clan anymore. Like so anyway, it's a complicated story, 954 00:52:15,600 --> 00:52:18,719 Speaker 1: but it's the clan. I'm just like man like y'all 955 00:52:19,560 --> 00:52:21,839 Speaker 1: since I feel like when I the more I learned 956 00:52:21,880 --> 00:52:25,000 Speaker 1: about them, I'm just like man, y'all are all over 957 00:52:25,040 --> 00:52:28,839 Speaker 1: the place where I just sometimes I can't even draw 958 00:52:28,960 --> 00:52:31,560 Speaker 1: the I can't even connect the dots of their hatred, 959 00:52:31,760 --> 00:52:35,120 Speaker 1: like how like how are how are we talking about 960 00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:37,680 Speaker 1: Jews right now? Like where it's like when did we 961 00:52:37,680 --> 00:52:40,200 Speaker 1: get to that? You know? Or I just I can 962 00:52:40,280 --> 00:52:42,520 Speaker 1: imagine I would love to see a skit where somebody's 963 00:52:42,560 --> 00:52:46,000 Speaker 1: trying to complain where where uh some new kids in 964 00:52:46,040 --> 00:52:48,000 Speaker 1: the back of the room at the clan meeting and 965 00:52:48,080 --> 00:52:51,080 Speaker 1: can't keep up with like wait, we're talking about Catholics? 966 00:52:51,080 --> 00:52:56,360 Speaker 1: Now what what what they do? Wait with what's the 967 00:52:56,360 --> 00:52:57,799 Speaker 1: problem with you know what? I'm saying like, just like, 968 00:52:57,880 --> 00:53:00,920 Speaker 1: I can't even this is a bleat tangent, but I'm 969 00:53:00,960 --> 00:53:02,480 Speaker 1: just like, yeah, I just I can't keep up. Man. 970 00:53:02,520 --> 00:53:06,000 Speaker 1: I'm like, yeah, just heang man, at least be consistent. 971 00:53:06,760 --> 00:53:12,920 Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, yeah, um break Oh yeah we should That 972 00:53:13,080 --> 00:53:17,120 Speaker 1: was smooth. Thank you. Yeah, here's have a have a 973 00:53:17,120 --> 00:53:25,200 Speaker 1: handful of products, buckaroos. After thirty years, it's time to 974 00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:27,719 Speaker 1: return to the halls of West Beverly High and hang 975 00:53:27,760 --> 00:53:30,040 Speaker 1: out at the peach pit. On the podcast nine O 976 00:53:30,160 --> 00:53:33,480 Speaker 1: two one OMG joined Jenny Garth and Tori Spelling for 977 00:53:33,520 --> 00:53:36,120 Speaker 1: a rewatch of the hit series Beverly Hills nine O 978 00:53:36,239 --> 00:53:38,880 Speaker 1: two one oh. From the very beginning, we get to 979 00:53:39,040 --> 00:53:42,080 Speaker 1: tell the fans all of the behind the scenes stories 980 00:53:42,080 --> 00:53:45,320 Speaker 1: to actually happen, so they know what happened on camera, obviously, 981 00:53:45,480 --> 00:53:47,680 Speaker 1: but we can tell them all the good stuff that 982 00:53:47,680 --> 00:53:50,400 Speaker 1: happened off camera. Get all the juicy details of every 983 00:53:50,440 --> 00:53:53,319 Speaker 1: episode that you've been wondering about for decades. As nine 984 00:53:53,360 --> 00:53:56,200 Speaker 1: O two one oh, super fan and radio host Sissany 985 00:53:56,400 --> 00:53:59,359 Speaker 1: sits in with Jenny and Tory two reminisce, reflect and 986 00:53:59,440 --> 00:54:03,200 Speaker 1: relive each moment from Brandon and Kelly's first kiss to shouting, 987 00:54:03,320 --> 00:54:07,360 Speaker 1: Donna Martin graduates, you have an amazing memory. You remember 988 00:54:07,400 --> 00:54:10,640 Speaker 1: everything about the entire ten years that we filmed that show, 989 00:54:10,920 --> 00:54:14,520 Speaker 1: and you remember absolutely nothing of the ten years that 990 00:54:14,560 --> 00:54:17,799 Speaker 1: we filmed that show. Listen to nine O two one 991 00:54:17,840 --> 00:54:20,680 Speaker 1: OMG on the I Heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or 992 00:54:20,680 --> 00:54:24,360 Speaker 1: wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Tanya Sam, host of 993 00:54:24,400 --> 00:54:27,840 Speaker 1: the Money Moves podcast powered by Greenwood. This daily podcast 994 00:54:27,840 --> 00:54:29,840 Speaker 1: will help give you the keys to the Kingdom of 995 00:54:29,840 --> 00:54:34,120 Speaker 1: financial stability, wealth and abundance with celebrity guests like Rick Ross, 996 00:54:34,160 --> 00:54:38,160 Speaker 1: Amanda Sells, Angela y Roland Martin, JB. Smooth, and Terrell Owens. 997 00:54:38,280 --> 00:54:40,920 Speaker 1: Tune in to learn how to turn liabilities into assets 998 00:54:40,960 --> 00:54:46,560 Speaker 1: and make your money moves. Subscribe to The Money Moves 999 00:54:46,560 --> 00:54:49,120 Speaker 1: Podcast powered by Greenland on the I Heart Radio app 1000 00:54:49,200 --> 00:54:51,880 Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts, and make sure you 1001 00:54:51,960 --> 00:54:55,920 Speaker 1: leave a review. I'm Colleen with Join me the host 1002 00:54:55,960 --> 00:54:58,640 Speaker 1: of Eating Wall Broke podcast While I eat a Meal 1003 00:54:58,719 --> 00:55:02,920 Speaker 1: created by self made entrepreneurs, influencers and celebrities over a 1004 00:55:02,960 --> 00:55:05,239 Speaker 1: meal they once eight when they were broke. Today I 1005 00:55:05,280 --> 00:55:09,960 Speaker 1: have the lovely aj Crimson, the official Princess of comfin Asia, 1006 00:55:10,239 --> 00:55:13,600 Speaker 1: kidding and Asia the Professor. We're here on TV wall 1007 00:55:13,760 --> 00:55:16,520 Speaker 1: Broke and today I'm gonna break down my meal that 1008 00:55:16,640 --> 00:55:19,160 Speaker 1: got me through a time when I was broken. Listen 1009 00:55:19,200 --> 00:55:21,680 Speaker 1: to Eating while Broke on the I Heart Radio app, 1010 00:55:21,800 --> 00:55:28,360 Speaker 1: on Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcasts. We're back. 1011 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:32,759 Speaker 1: We have returned, and we're talking still about the Oregon Clan. 1012 00:55:32,920 --> 00:55:35,960 Speaker 1: So the Oregon kk hit K success in local and 1013 00:55:36,000 --> 00:55:38,359 Speaker 1: state politics give them the legitimacy they needed to feel 1014 00:55:38,360 --> 00:55:41,720 Speaker 1: comfortable carrying out acts of violence. On April eleventh, nineteen, 1015 00:55:42,320 --> 00:55:45,120 Speaker 1: a twenty two year old Latino man named Sam Johnson 1016 00:55:45,160 --> 00:55:46,480 Speaker 1: was grabbed in the middle of the night by a 1017 00:55:46,520 --> 00:55:49,080 Speaker 1: group of robed klansmen. They dragged him into the forest 1018 00:55:49,120 --> 00:55:51,399 Speaker 1: and they hung him from a tree quote not long 1019 00:55:51,520 --> 00:55:53,680 Speaker 1: enough to kill him, but sufficiently long to give him 1020 00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:57,400 Speaker 1: a glance into eternity. According to a local paper, While 1021 00:55:57,400 --> 00:55:59,640 Speaker 1: he lay on the ground recovering, the mob told him 1022 00:55:59,640 --> 00:56:01,319 Speaker 1: that he had to leave town or they would come 1023 00:56:01,360 --> 00:56:04,360 Speaker 1: back and kill him. This semi lynching was again reported 1024 00:56:04,400 --> 00:56:06,479 Speaker 1: on in the local paper, but no arrests were made. 1025 00:56:06,680 --> 00:56:09,480 Speaker 1: The county sheriff was almost certainly one of the men 1026 00:56:09,520 --> 00:56:12,359 Speaker 1: who abducted Sam, called him a bad actor who just 1027 00:56:12,400 --> 00:56:16,920 Speaker 1: hadn't done anything serious enough to get arrested, so he 1028 00:56:16,960 --> 00:56:19,520 Speaker 1: doesn't have a criminal record, but he was. We decided 1029 00:56:19,560 --> 00:56:25,160 Speaker 1: he was a criminal, so it's fine. Yeah. The sheriff 1030 00:56:25,200 --> 00:56:27,719 Speaker 1: accused him of bootlegging without any evidence and washed his 1031 00:56:27,760 --> 00:56:30,520 Speaker 1: hands of the case. On March eighteenth, a Catholic piano 1032 00:56:30,600 --> 00:56:33,239 Speaker 1: salesman named JF. Hale was assaulted in the same way, 1033 00:56:33,320 --> 00:56:35,760 Speaker 1: taking a gunpoint into the woods and then hung almost 1034 00:56:35,760 --> 00:56:38,080 Speaker 1: to death. This time the demand was made that Hale 1035 00:56:38,160 --> 00:56:41,160 Speaker 1: drop a lawsuit against another Medford man for an unpaid debt, 1036 00:56:41,200 --> 00:56:43,520 Speaker 1: and that he also leave town. The sheriff said the 1037 00:56:43,560 --> 00:56:49,759 Speaker 1: kidnapping two was of no local interest, which it's also 1038 00:56:49,840 --> 00:56:52,799 Speaker 1: worth noting that there was a recent h well last year, 1039 00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:55,600 Speaker 1: a trans black woman who was murdered in the city 1040 00:56:55,600 --> 00:56:58,600 Speaker 1: of Portland's um and the death was written on Well 1041 00:56:58,719 --> 00:57:00,919 Speaker 1: who died in the city of port The police ruled 1042 00:57:00,920 --> 00:57:03,160 Speaker 1: it a suicide. There's a lot that shady about it. 1043 00:57:03,200 --> 00:57:05,000 Speaker 1: The family has asked for it to be investigated, and 1044 00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:07,960 Speaker 1: the police said that investigating it, uh further was not 1045 00:57:08,040 --> 00:57:10,960 Speaker 1: of local interest. Um, so that's cool. That's a cool thing. 1046 00:57:11,000 --> 00:57:13,960 Speaker 1: That Again, I got to point out how this never 1047 00:57:14,000 --> 00:57:16,640 Speaker 1: stopped and has never really even slowed down in a 1048 00:57:16,680 --> 00:57:22,240 Speaker 1: lot of ways. This this is this playbook has ever 1049 00:57:22,440 --> 00:57:29,200 Speaker 1: failed these fools? Yes? Yeah uh. On April two, a 1050 00:57:29,200 --> 00:57:31,680 Speaker 1: black railroad worker who had just been released from jail 1051 00:57:31,680 --> 00:57:34,760 Speaker 1: over prohibition violation was kidnapped hung again in order to 1052 00:57:34,800 --> 00:57:37,000 Speaker 1: flee the town. As he ran away, he heard men 1053 00:57:37,040 --> 00:57:40,280 Speaker 1: shouting back at him can you run inward, while some 1054 00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:42,800 Speaker 1: in the crowd fired at his feet with their revolvers. 1055 00:57:43,520 --> 00:57:45,880 Speaker 1: By this point, local media had begun covering the clan 1056 00:57:45,920 --> 00:57:48,960 Speaker 1: subductions and outraged articles. One in the Medford Mail Tribune 1057 00:57:49,000 --> 00:57:51,560 Speaker 1: revealed that the state clan leadership had actually sent notes 1058 00:57:51,600 --> 00:57:54,320 Speaker 1: to individual members within the county with instructions on how 1059 00:57:54,320 --> 00:57:58,120 Speaker 1: to carry out these necktie attacks. The clanton denied these 1060 00:57:58,160 --> 00:57:59,880 Speaker 1: letters since they had not been sent on a fi 1061 00:58:00,200 --> 00:58:07,040 Speaker 1: clan letterhead. Again, they had a lot of products, had 1062 00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:09,240 Speaker 1: a lot of products and services actually in this period, 1063 00:58:10,040 --> 00:58:14,440 Speaker 1: because it wasn't all letter hit. They sold insurance. Yeah, 1064 00:58:14,480 --> 00:58:18,800 Speaker 1: this is incredible. So klegal. H. E. Griffith, who was 1065 00:58:18,840 --> 00:58:21,560 Speaker 1: the guy who had taken over the Medford clan, demanded 1066 00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:24,560 Speaker 1: and your name is can you say his his title? Again? 1067 00:58:24,640 --> 00:58:33,440 Speaker 1: Just legal? Just klegal? I I yeah, I'm just yeah, 1068 00:58:33,800 --> 00:58:36,400 Speaker 1: exercises that women do to keep Oh yes, yes, it 1069 00:58:36,480 --> 00:58:42,200 Speaker 1: does sound like that. Yeah. Now so h Griffith prop 1070 00:58:42,360 --> 00:58:47,959 Speaker 1: thank you, hey girl, dad. Yeah, you know what I'm saying. Yeah. So. Um, 1071 00:58:48,040 --> 00:58:50,400 Speaker 1: the Medford Mail Tribune like writes a letter about how 1072 00:58:50,400 --> 00:58:53,040 Speaker 1: the clan is very obviously behind all this, and the 1073 00:58:53,040 --> 00:58:55,600 Speaker 1: guy in charge of the Medford Clan demands to that 1074 00:58:55,640 --> 00:58:57,520 Speaker 1: the newspaper give him a chance to respond, and the 1075 00:58:57,560 --> 00:59:00,040 Speaker 1: Medford Mail Tribune lets him release his statement through the 1076 00:59:00,120 --> 00:59:03,439 Speaker 1: paper denying any role in the semi lynchings. Gotta gotta 1077 00:59:03,480 --> 00:59:07,320 Speaker 1: tell both sides of the story, um Ben Bruce writes, 1078 00:59:07,400 --> 00:59:11,360 Speaker 1: quote klegal A g. Griffith gave an official statement denying 1079 00:59:11,400 --> 00:59:13,920 Speaker 1: any prior knowledge of the aforementioned event events, as well 1080 00:59:13,960 --> 00:59:16,920 Speaker 1: as the clan's alleged involvement. Griffith accused the local papers 1081 00:59:16,960 --> 00:59:20,120 Speaker 1: of severely misrepresenting the facts. In the same article, Griffith 1082 00:59:20,160 --> 00:59:23,320 Speaker 1: endorsed the clan as a regular, fraternal, patriotic, and benevolent 1083 00:59:23,400 --> 00:59:26,880 Speaker 1: order that stands for pure Americanism, protection of pure womanhood, 1084 00:59:27,000 --> 00:59:31,200 Speaker 1: free speech and press, free public schools, restricted immigration, white supremacy, 1085 00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:34,520 Speaker 1: and law and order, and consistently assists all law officers 1086 00:59:34,520 --> 00:59:39,960 Speaker 1: in the performance of their duties. Um, that's cool. Surprisingly, 1087 00:59:40,200 --> 00:59:42,800 Speaker 1: the people of Medford did not believe these denials, or 1088 00:59:42,800 --> 00:59:45,439 Speaker 1: at least enough of them didn't. That public outrage did 1089 00:59:45,520 --> 00:59:48,480 Speaker 1: force a trial, which occurred nearly a year later. Nineteen 1090 00:59:48,520 --> 00:59:51,640 Speaker 1: clansmen were charged with participating in the necktie parties, as 1091 00:59:51,680 --> 00:59:53,480 Speaker 1: they came to be known. One of the men was 1092 00:59:53,520 --> 00:59:58,520 Speaker 1: the former police chief of Medford, Good Lord. The main 1093 00:59:58,560 --> 01:00:01,320 Speaker 1: witness was JF. Hale, the piano salesman, but the state 1094 01:00:01,400 --> 01:00:04,440 Speaker 1: decided he was not a reputable citizen, largely because his 1095 01:00:04,480 --> 01:00:14,960 Speaker 1: son had been born out of wedlock. It is the twenties. Uh, 1096 01:00:15,200 --> 01:00:20,440 Speaker 1: it's it's cool. All charges against the klansmen were dropped. 1097 01:00:20,680 --> 01:00:23,840 Speaker 1: Ye oh yeah, so you remember that You remember last 1098 01:00:23,920 --> 01:00:29,520 Speaker 1: year that at that um that uh anti abortion protests 1099 01:00:29,520 --> 01:00:32,160 Speaker 1: where that little boy was like eye to eye with 1100 01:00:32,200 --> 01:00:35,320 Speaker 1: that Native American man and like the the whole picture went. 1101 01:00:36,960 --> 01:00:42,520 Speaker 1: Remember that. Yeah, So this that what you're just explaining 1102 01:00:43,320 --> 01:00:48,800 Speaker 1: explains in a lot of ways why everybody looked at 1103 01:00:48,800 --> 01:00:54,400 Speaker 1: that moment and saw two different things. Because the what 1104 01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:56,880 Speaker 1: what the terror that a lot of us are talking about, 1105 01:00:56,920 --> 01:01:01,360 Speaker 1: like why this was so frustrating was because the the 1106 01:01:01,520 --> 01:01:05,520 Speaker 1: ambiguity of this kid's face of just being like he 1107 01:01:05,640 --> 01:01:08,640 Speaker 1: is just a kid. He is kind of smirking, right, 1108 01:01:08,960 --> 01:01:10,440 Speaker 1: and you could say, well, we didn't do anything. He 1109 01:01:10,560 --> 01:01:12,520 Speaker 1: interrupt the guy he's just standing there looking at it. Me. 1110 01:01:12,560 --> 01:01:15,680 Speaker 1: If they're at his own protests, it's fine. But when 1111 01:01:15,720 --> 01:01:18,680 Speaker 1: you hear stories like this, what And I can't say 1112 01:01:18,680 --> 01:01:20,880 Speaker 1: because I'm not in that kid's head and I wasn't there. 1113 01:01:21,280 --> 01:01:24,880 Speaker 1: I'm just saying, when I look at it, I see 1114 01:01:24,920 --> 01:01:29,560 Speaker 1: the history. You're explaining, the idea that you that these 1115 01:01:29,640 --> 01:01:33,880 Speaker 1: boys can function without any imputant. What's the world I'm 1116 01:01:33,920 --> 01:01:39,880 Speaker 1: looking for? Imputant, punitive, they're impunity. What's the word I'm 1117 01:01:39,920 --> 01:01:42,720 Speaker 1: looking for. I don't know. But the point is they're 1118 01:01:42,720 --> 01:01:45,080 Speaker 1: not gonna get in trouble, That's what I'm trying to say. Right, 1119 01:01:45,400 --> 01:01:48,640 Speaker 1: so you can always lean back and be like, what, 1120 01:01:48,880 --> 01:01:51,920 Speaker 1: I didn't do anything. So and I just remembered how 1121 01:01:51,960 --> 01:01:57,400 Speaker 1: many times in my own life recognizing that smirk, knowing 1122 01:01:57,480 --> 01:02:01,080 Speaker 1: that no matter what this kid did did, no matter 1123 01:02:01,120 --> 01:02:03,120 Speaker 1: how terrible it is, no no matter how much evidence I have, 1124 01:02:04,160 --> 01:02:06,800 Speaker 1: he will not be punished, you know what I'm saying. 1125 01:02:07,120 --> 01:02:10,760 Speaker 1: So that's the like so whether I know what this 1126 01:02:10,840 --> 01:02:13,160 Speaker 1: kid was thinking or not, it's like, this is what 1127 01:02:13,240 --> 01:02:16,120 Speaker 1: America saw. There was two America's one of the one 1128 01:02:16,120 --> 01:02:19,760 Speaker 1: side of America saw this kid has. This kid's gonna 1129 01:02:19,880 --> 01:02:22,440 Speaker 1: there's no matter what, he's not gonna get in trouble. 1130 01:02:23,600 --> 01:02:26,360 Speaker 1: And this is this is why when we finally do 1131 01:02:26,480 --> 01:02:30,120 Speaker 1: reform law enforcement, you know, uh, disband the police and 1132 01:02:30,120 --> 01:02:32,960 Speaker 1: replace it with something better. One of the federal agencies 1133 01:02:33,000 --> 01:02:36,280 Speaker 1: we need is a is a federal branch that is 1134 01:02:36,320 --> 01:02:38,840 Speaker 1: just a groups of people who go door to door 1135 01:02:39,400 --> 01:02:42,160 Speaker 1: and just give people one solid punch in the face 1136 01:02:42,200 --> 01:02:44,160 Speaker 1: when they really deserve it, when they like they don't. 1137 01:02:44,160 --> 01:02:45,720 Speaker 1: We shouldn't be sending him to prison. They didn't do 1138 01:02:45,760 --> 01:02:47,600 Speaker 1: a prison thing. Like you were a dick, and now 1139 01:02:47,640 --> 01:02:50,800 Speaker 1: you're gonna get hit in the face. Yeah yeah, a 1140 01:02:50,880 --> 01:02:56,960 Speaker 1: good slapping, Yeah yeah, somebody the damn face. Yeah yeah. Uh, 1141 01:02:57,000 --> 01:02:59,080 Speaker 1: I think it's back from get shipped, which is like 1142 01:02:59,120 --> 01:03:01,600 Speaker 1: a face in of a fist. Is the is the 1143 01:03:01,640 --> 01:03:05,120 Speaker 1: direct translation? Yeah, Yeah, Sometimes people just need to get 1144 01:03:05,160 --> 01:03:06,960 Speaker 1: like not hard, not enough to do damage. Like we'll 1145 01:03:07,000 --> 01:03:11,080 Speaker 1: train these people to deliver like legally appropriate slaps and punches, 1146 01:03:11,080 --> 01:03:13,560 Speaker 1: but like you were a deck and somebody needs to 1147 01:03:13,600 --> 01:03:16,160 Speaker 1: fucking smack you, and like it should be a group 1148 01:03:16,200 --> 01:03:18,160 Speaker 1: of of of men and women in suits who come 1149 01:03:18,200 --> 01:03:21,200 Speaker 1: to your door and say, like you have been selected 1150 01:03:21,200 --> 01:03:23,280 Speaker 1: to get smacked in the face because you were a 1151 01:03:23,320 --> 01:03:27,920 Speaker 1: dick and you need to know it. That's my suggestion. Um, 1152 01:03:28,120 --> 01:03:32,200 Speaker 1: not a bad one. Yeah. So Oregon's clan was relatively 1153 01:03:32,280 --> 01:03:35,120 Speaker 1: non violent, and I again this totally tells you how 1154 01:03:35,200 --> 01:03:37,959 Speaker 1: bad the second clan was. We're calling like lynch ng's 1155 01:03:38,480 --> 01:03:42,560 Speaker 1: that don't kill anybody, relatively non violent compared to the 1156 01:03:42,640 --> 01:03:46,200 Speaker 1: clan in Oklahoma, for example, had a horrifically violent clan 1157 01:03:46,400 --> 01:03:48,840 Speaker 1: that also eventually wound up in charge of most a 1158 01:03:48,840 --> 01:03:51,800 Speaker 1: lot of the the different state or or like local 1159 01:03:51,920 --> 01:03:54,760 Speaker 1: cities and departments, police departments and stuff. Um. And it 1160 01:03:54,840 --> 01:03:57,840 Speaker 1: was also comparatively non violent when you sort of put 1161 01:03:57,920 --> 01:04:02,280 Speaker 1: it against the clan in Indiana for example. There in Indiana, 1162 01:04:02,360 --> 01:04:05,760 Speaker 1: the KKK was successful in infiltrating a local civilian law 1163 01:04:05,880 --> 01:04:10,560 Speaker 1: enforcement agency, the Horse Thief Detective Association. Now, this odd 1164 01:04:10,600 --> 01:04:13,160 Speaker 1: group got its start in the eighteen forties and it's 1165 01:04:13,160 --> 01:04:16,480 Speaker 1: members were basically licensed vigilantes with the right to protect 1166 01:04:16,600 --> 01:04:18,960 Speaker 1: property via violence. And as you can guess by the name. 1167 01:04:19,000 --> 01:04:22,240 Speaker 1: They started to prosecute horse thieves. Right, law enforcement can't 1168 01:04:22,240 --> 01:04:24,920 Speaker 1: catch all these horse thieves, will deputize civilians, will give 1169 01:04:24,920 --> 01:04:26,840 Speaker 1: them the right to like arrest and funk up people 1170 01:04:26,840 --> 01:04:29,000 Speaker 1: to stop horse thievery. But they also had kind of 1171 01:04:29,000 --> 01:04:33,000 Speaker 1: broader rights to enforce laws. Um. Now, the birth of 1172 01:04:33,000 --> 01:04:35,960 Speaker 1: the automobile reduced the Horse Thief Detective Association to in 1173 01:04:36,280 --> 01:04:39,480 Speaker 1: somewhat irrelevant group. But when the KKK came to Indiana 1174 01:04:39,520 --> 01:04:42,080 Speaker 1: in the early nineteen twenties, they saw that, like, there 1175 01:04:42,160 --> 01:04:45,880 Speaker 1: was this organization that civilians who are klansmen could join 1176 01:04:46,000 --> 01:04:48,200 Speaker 1: and it would give them the right to carry out 1177 01:04:48,320 --> 01:04:51,840 Speaker 1: violence with state backing. So they start flooding the h 1178 01:04:51,920 --> 01:04:54,280 Speaker 1: d t A with membership, and they also start giving 1179 01:04:54,280 --> 01:04:56,800 Speaker 1: existing members in the h d t A free and 1180 01:04:56,880 --> 01:05:00,520 Speaker 1: subsidized membership in the KKK because the see that, like, 1181 01:05:00,560 --> 01:05:02,720 Speaker 1: this weird little organization gives them the right to enforce 1182 01:05:02,760 --> 01:05:05,400 Speaker 1: the law in Indiana without like having to get elected 1183 01:05:05,400 --> 01:05:09,440 Speaker 1: sheriff or anything or put you know, even recruit police officers. 1184 01:05:09,480 --> 01:05:12,120 Speaker 1: So the Indiana Clan starts pouring money into the h 1185 01:05:12,200 --> 01:05:15,000 Speaker 1: d t A and offering their existing members low priced 1186 01:05:15,120 --> 01:05:17,560 Speaker 1: entry into the clan quote as sworn members of h 1187 01:05:17,680 --> 01:05:20,080 Speaker 1: d t A chapters, clansmen in the state essentially formed 1188 01:05:20,080 --> 01:05:22,680 Speaker 1: an armed, officially sanctioned force that would allow them to 1189 01:05:22,800 --> 01:05:26,640 Speaker 1: enact their agenda under the guise of legitimate law enforcement. Now. 1190 01:05:26,680 --> 01:05:29,760 Speaker 1: In his work on the clan in Indiana, historian Leonard J. 1191 01:05:29,840 --> 01:05:32,680 Speaker 1: Moore details membership records from nineteen twenty five that showed 1192 01:05:32,680 --> 01:05:36,520 Speaker 1: that over twenty of the state's eligible population, white Protestant 1193 01:05:36,640 --> 01:05:40,560 Speaker 1: native born males belonged to the KKK, and some counties 1194 01:05:40,600 --> 01:05:44,000 Speaker 1: that number exceeded thirty three. In Marion County, which included 1195 01:05:44,000 --> 01:05:46,800 Speaker 1: the city of Indianapolis, over a quarter of eligible men 1196 01:05:46,880 --> 01:05:49,200 Speaker 1: belonged to the Ku Klux Klan, some twenty five thousand 1197 01:05:49,240 --> 01:05:51,760 Speaker 1: members in total, many of whom held dual membership in 1198 01:05:51,760 --> 01:05:54,760 Speaker 1: the h d t A chapter. Okay, wait, m hm 1199 01:05:55,480 --> 01:05:59,040 Speaker 1: uh they paid dues. Yeah, yeah, no, it was a 1200 01:05:59,040 --> 01:06:03,200 Speaker 1: for profit in debt. Yeah, I remember that, which I forgot. 1201 01:06:03,240 --> 01:06:06,640 Speaker 1: How lame that even makes it even more lame. Yeah, 1202 01:06:06,720 --> 01:06:13,640 Speaker 1: they're they're paid to be in here. More so lame. 1203 01:06:13,960 --> 01:06:18,280 Speaker 1: It's pretty cool. So I'm gonna quote again from a historian, 1204 01:06:18,360 --> 01:06:23,040 Speaker 1: Leonard J. Moore quote, uh as horse thief detectives. The 1205 01:06:23,080 --> 01:06:26,480 Speaker 1: Indiana Clan came down on bootleggers, organized labor immigrants, and 1206 01:06:26,560 --> 01:06:30,440 Speaker 1: African American populations, and one incident related in Elliott Jaspin's 1207 01:06:30,440 --> 01:06:32,960 Speaker 1: book Buried in the Bitter Waters, they helped expel black 1208 01:06:33,000 --> 01:06:35,880 Speaker 1: citizens from the mining town of Blandford in western Indiana. 1209 01:06:36,120 --> 01:06:38,960 Speaker 1: On January eighteenth, nineteen twenty three, a young girl from 1210 01:06:38,960 --> 01:06:41,440 Speaker 1: Blandford reported that she had been abducted and assaulted by 1211 01:06:41,440 --> 01:06:44,560 Speaker 1: an African American man. Within forty eight hours, several hundred 1212 01:06:44,600 --> 01:06:47,560 Speaker 1: white towns folk met and demanded that all black residents leave, 1213 01:06:47,840 --> 01:06:50,040 Speaker 1: beginning with unmarried men who were to be outside town 1214 01:06:50,080 --> 01:06:52,880 Speaker 1: limits by that evening. Within a week, all black residents 1215 01:06:52,880 --> 01:06:56,240 Speaker 1: of Blandford, approximately fifty people had fled. That exodus was 1216 01:06:56,280 --> 01:06:59,080 Speaker 1: overseen by Harry Newland, the sheriff of a million county 1217 01:06:59,080 --> 01:07:01,400 Speaker 1: and himself a clansmen, along with members of the Dana 1218 01:07:01,560 --> 01:07:03,720 Speaker 1: h d t A and the Help Township h d 1219 01:07:03,800 --> 01:07:05,880 Speaker 1: t A, two of the four chapters in the area. 1220 01:07:06,160 --> 01:07:08,919 Speaker 1: The Help Township chapter alone included over a dozen members 1221 01:07:08,960 --> 01:07:12,160 Speaker 1: of the clan, including its captain. African American citizens both 1222 01:07:12,160 --> 01:07:14,680 Speaker 1: in Blandford and the surrounding county felt forced to comply 1223 01:07:14,720 --> 01:07:17,840 Speaker 1: and departed in mass As Jaspin notes, the nineteen cents 1224 01:07:17,880 --> 01:07:20,760 Speaker 1: has recorded well over two hundred black residents in Vermilion County. 1225 01:07:21,080 --> 01:07:24,720 Speaker 1: In nineteen thirty, that number was less than seventy. That's 1226 01:07:24,720 --> 01:07:28,520 Speaker 1: an active of ethnic cleansing. That's what we call ethnic cleansing. Yeah, 1227 01:07:28,560 --> 01:07:34,360 Speaker 1: that's what that's called. Yeah. Yeah, so the k Indiana 1228 01:07:34,480 --> 01:07:38,400 Speaker 1: all the KKK was active all throughout And again think 1229 01:07:38,400 --> 01:07:41,680 Speaker 1: about this, Think about this civilian group with law enforcement 1230 01:07:41,720 --> 01:07:46,320 Speaker 1: powers enforcing white supremacy. When you think about, for example, 1231 01:07:46,520 --> 01:07:49,760 Speaker 1: armed members of far right Molissia's showing up to support 1232 01:07:49,760 --> 01:07:55,160 Speaker 1: the police at protests. Um, yeah, that's so. The KKK 1233 01:07:55,360 --> 01:07:57,480 Speaker 1: was active all throughout the United States during this period, 1234 01:07:57,520 --> 01:08:00,520 Speaker 1: eventually reaching a peak of like four million members. Exists 1235 01:08:00,600 --> 01:08:03,200 Speaker 1: no accurate nationwide count for how many people were forced 1236 01:08:03,200 --> 01:08:04,760 Speaker 1: out of their homes by the clan, how many were 1237 01:08:04,760 --> 01:08:06,920 Speaker 1: assaulted by them, are killed by them, just as there 1238 01:08:06,960 --> 01:08:10,320 Speaker 1: exists no comprehensive accounting for how often this behavior occurred, 1239 01:08:10,320 --> 01:08:13,400 Speaker 1: either with the consent or the enthusiastic help of the police. 1240 01:08:14,040 --> 01:08:16,320 Speaker 1: In either case, it may be a mistake to even 1241 01:08:16,360 --> 01:08:19,880 Speaker 1: attempt to quantify the KKK's part in this specifically because 1242 01:08:19,880 --> 01:08:22,160 Speaker 1: the violence of both the First and Second Clan occurred 1243 01:08:22,200 --> 01:08:25,400 Speaker 1: within a much broader context of mass violence against black 1244 01:08:25,439 --> 01:08:28,880 Speaker 1: people by white people with the express consent of law enforcement. 1245 01:08:29,280 --> 01:08:32,320 Speaker 1: This violence started up during reconstruction and continued all the 1246 01:08:32,360 --> 01:08:36,040 Speaker 1: way into nineteen fifty. We tend to call it lynching today, 1247 01:08:36,240 --> 01:08:38,320 Speaker 1: although it took a variety of forms, and we will 1248 01:08:38,320 --> 01:08:40,519 Speaker 1: never know how many black men were killed during this period, 1249 01:08:40,560 --> 01:08:44,320 Speaker 1: but the Equal Justice Initiative estimates sixty five hundred at 1250 01:08:44,320 --> 01:08:47,160 Speaker 1: the minimum. These murders occurred at a steady pace, with 1251 01:08:47,200 --> 01:08:49,360 Speaker 1: intermittent eruptions that were spurred on by a mix of 1252 01:08:49,360 --> 01:08:52,880 Speaker 1: economic recessions, war, and white resentment of black success. And 1253 01:08:52,920 --> 01:08:56,040 Speaker 1: all that brings me to the story of the Red 1254 01:08:56,160 --> 01:09:02,320 Speaker 1: Summer of nineteen nineteen. Have you heard of this prop Yes, yeah, yeah, 1255 01:09:02,120 --> 01:09:04,919 Speaker 1: I'm gonna guess I think because of the show Watchmen. 1256 01:09:05,000 --> 01:09:07,360 Speaker 1: Actually a lot more white people know about Tulsa now, 1257 01:09:07,400 --> 01:09:09,439 Speaker 1: which we'll be talking about in part two. I don't 1258 01:09:09,439 --> 01:09:12,120 Speaker 1: think very many. I didn't know about fucking Red Summer 1259 01:09:12,160 --> 01:09:16,639 Speaker 1: until like a week or two ago. So four, Part 1260 01:09:16,680 --> 01:09:19,160 Speaker 1: four Jesus, Part four for the week, Part two for 1261 01:09:19,200 --> 01:09:21,920 Speaker 1: the week. Okay, well, okay, yeah, the next episode we 1262 01:09:21,960 --> 01:09:25,520 Speaker 1: will talk about Tulsa. This episode, this is uh yeah, 1263 01:09:25,600 --> 01:09:29,439 Speaker 1: Red Summer nineteen nineteen. Again, this is the type of 1264 01:09:29,479 --> 01:09:32,559 Speaker 1: stuff that, like, like I said before, if it's not 1265 01:09:32,720 --> 01:09:36,320 Speaker 1: in your experience, yeah you you'd have to go out 1266 01:09:36,320 --> 01:09:40,720 Speaker 1: of your way to know this, um. But if it is, 1267 01:09:41,000 --> 01:09:44,639 Speaker 1: it's like, this is why I will always hammer like, 1268 01:09:45,640 --> 01:09:48,479 Speaker 1: you know, having a good strong sense of self, a 1269 01:09:48,560 --> 01:09:55,720 Speaker 1: sense of community, and then having relationships across communities, you 1270 01:09:55,720 --> 01:09:58,960 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. So that now you don't sound 1271 01:09:59,000 --> 01:10:02,120 Speaker 1: like an asshole when you don't know what you're talking 1272 01:10:02,120 --> 01:10:04,479 Speaker 1: about because you don't know people from other places, you 1273 01:10:04,520 --> 01:10:07,559 Speaker 1: know what I'm saying. So this is so so yeah. 1274 01:10:07,600 --> 01:10:11,760 Speaker 1: So anyway, this ship won't be in your textbooks and 1275 01:10:11,760 --> 01:10:16,120 Speaker 1: it's not going to be no, uh, you're lucky if 1276 01:10:16,120 --> 01:10:18,640 Speaker 1: you get a paragraph on the Red Summer in a 1277 01:10:18,800 --> 01:10:21,400 Speaker 1: in a textbook, and not all texts. Mind sure didn't 1278 01:10:21,439 --> 01:10:24,320 Speaker 1: have it. It is in some textbooks because some of 1279 01:10:24,320 --> 01:10:26,840 Speaker 1: the articles I read on it, like we're specifically analyzing 1280 01:10:26,840 --> 01:10:31,120 Speaker 1: how it's covered in textbooks, but again, generally about a paragraph. Now, 1281 01:10:31,400 --> 01:10:33,720 Speaker 1: the Red Summer is the name given by Double A 1282 01:10:33,760 --> 01:10:37,080 Speaker 1: CP leader James Weldon Johnson for the months in nineteen 1283 01:10:37,160 --> 01:10:41,479 Speaker 1: nineteen when a wave of racist riots. Race riots is 1284 01:10:41,520 --> 01:10:44,240 Speaker 1: often the term, I think racist riots is more accurate. 1285 01:10:44,560 --> 01:10:50,360 Speaker 1: Woke out against black communities in Charleston, South Carolina, Longview, Texas, Bisbee, Arizona, Washington, 1286 01:10:50,479 --> 01:10:54,960 Speaker 1: d C. Chicago, Knoxville, Omaha, and Elane, Arkansas. At least 1287 01:10:54,960 --> 01:10:56,960 Speaker 1: a hundred and fifty people were killed in the violence, 1288 01:10:57,040 --> 01:10:59,240 Speaker 1: and a hundred or so more lynched, but it's probably 1289 01:10:59,240 --> 01:11:01,320 Speaker 1: more like a thousand and dead. You'll you'll hear again, 1290 01:11:01,360 --> 01:11:02,920 Speaker 1: we don't We're not gonna We're never gonna get a 1291 01:11:02,960 --> 01:11:06,000 Speaker 1: good accounting. Um. And I hope the listeners here like 1292 01:11:06,120 --> 01:11:09,280 Speaker 1: as he gets into this story again, just like we said, 1293 01:11:09,560 --> 01:11:11,439 Speaker 1: you know, to the militia folks that are like, how 1294 01:11:11,479 --> 01:11:14,519 Speaker 1: come black people don't arm? And when we say, you 1295 01:11:14,560 --> 01:11:17,920 Speaker 1: think we ain't thought it at right now, as you read, 1296 01:11:18,040 --> 01:11:20,320 Speaker 1: as you listen to this story, when people say, well, 1297 01:11:20,320 --> 01:11:22,439 Speaker 1: how come you don't build your own businesses and support 1298 01:11:22,520 --> 01:11:25,760 Speaker 1: your own community and start your own capitalistic spaces, let 1299 01:11:25,760 --> 01:11:32,879 Speaker 1: me say, you think we ain't thought it at yeah? Yeah, Um. 1300 01:11:32,920 --> 01:11:36,479 Speaker 1: So obviously you know, clan members were involved with and 1301 01:11:36,520 --> 01:11:38,679 Speaker 1: behind a great deal of a violence of Red Summer, 1302 01:11:38,720 --> 01:11:41,759 Speaker 1: but not not necessarily most of it, although in Pittsburgh 1303 01:11:41,800 --> 01:11:44,760 Speaker 1: the KKK chapter posted up notices around a black neighborhood 1304 01:11:44,760 --> 01:11:48,120 Speaker 1: which stated the war is over Negroes. Stay in your place. 1305 01:11:48,200 --> 01:11:51,000 Speaker 1: If you don't, will put you there um, which is 1306 01:11:51,000 --> 01:11:53,719 Speaker 1: a little ironic because a lot of Red Summer involved 1307 01:11:53,720 --> 01:11:57,439 Speaker 1: white crowds going into black neighbors coming coming into Yeah, 1308 01:11:57,439 --> 01:12:02,439 Speaker 1: exactly mine and our own business fucking. While plansmen were 1309 01:12:02,479 --> 01:12:06,280 Speaker 1: regular drivers of violence during Red Summer, uniformed police officers 1310 01:12:06,920 --> 01:12:09,400 Speaker 1: played at least as larger role, maybe even a larger one. 1311 01:12:09,640 --> 01:12:12,280 Speaker 1: One of the first riots started in Chicago on July 1312 01:12:13,040 --> 01:12:16,240 Speaker 1: after a black child mistakenly swam into a chunk of 1313 01:12:16,320 --> 01:12:19,960 Speaker 1: beach that was whites only under Jim Crow. White people 1314 01:12:20,000 --> 01:12:22,839 Speaker 1: on the beach saw this child, Eugene Williams, and started 1315 01:12:22,880 --> 01:12:25,360 Speaker 1: pelting him with rocks. Every time he would attempt to 1316 01:12:25,400 --> 01:12:27,439 Speaker 1: come to shore, they would throw more rocks at him. 1317 01:12:27,600 --> 01:12:31,240 Speaker 1: He eventually drowned. This brought a cloud crowd of furious 1318 01:12:31,320 --> 01:12:34,719 Speaker 1: black citizens out. More rocks were thrown. A white officer 1319 01:12:34,800 --> 01:12:37,760 Speaker 1: showed up, observed the situation, and decided to arrest a 1320 01:12:37,800 --> 01:12:42,160 Speaker 1: black guy. This for obvious reasons helped push tensions in 1321 01:12:42,240 --> 01:12:45,400 Speaker 1: Chicago to a boiling point. The resulting riot led to 1322 01:12:45,520 --> 01:12:48,519 Speaker 1: thirty eight, mostly black deaths, and the police responded with 1323 01:12:48,560 --> 01:12:51,559 Speaker 1: a mix of completely neglect, often allowing the white mobs 1324 01:12:51,560 --> 01:12:54,160 Speaker 1: to do violence, and occasional acts of giving a ship, 1325 01:12:54,200 --> 01:12:56,040 Speaker 1: possibly due to the presence of black men on the 1326 01:12:56,120 --> 01:12:59,200 Speaker 1: Chicago p D. The most example notable example of this 1327 01:12:59,320 --> 01:13:01,960 Speaker 1: was probably the Chicago police holding back a white mob 1328 01:13:02,040 --> 01:13:04,759 Speaker 1: from burning down a hospital filled with mostly black patients. 1329 01:13:05,200 --> 01:13:08,160 Speaker 1: The only CPD officer to die during the riot was 1330 01:13:08,200 --> 01:13:12,080 Speaker 1: a black man. Red summer actually continued into the fall, 1331 01:13:12,160 --> 01:13:15,200 Speaker 1: and one of its bloodiest hot spots was Phillips County, Arkansas. 1332 01:13:15,560 --> 01:13:18,360 Speaker 1: On September thirty, small group of black people gathered at 1333 01:13:18,360 --> 01:13:22,080 Speaker 1: a rural church to organize a sharecroppers union. Two police, 1334 01:13:22,120 --> 01:13:24,280 Speaker 1: white policemen showed up, and they had been sent there 1335 01:13:24,280 --> 01:13:27,600 Speaker 1: specifically to stop the union from organizing. So again we 1336 01:13:27,640 --> 01:13:29,600 Speaker 1: do have some interchange with what we talked about in 1337 01:13:29,600 --> 01:13:32,160 Speaker 1: the last episode, where the police exist to stop unions 1338 01:13:32,160 --> 01:13:35,640 Speaker 1: for wealthy people. Anyway, um, so they claimed they were 1339 01:13:35,640 --> 01:13:38,479 Speaker 1: looking for a bootlegger and what happened next is unclear, 1340 01:13:38,680 --> 01:13:41,400 Speaker 1: but a gunfight broke out and one officer was killed, 1341 01:13:41,439 --> 01:13:44,360 Speaker 1: almost certainly in self defense by the people in that meeting. 1342 01:13:44,760 --> 01:13:47,759 Speaker 1: The local sheriff sent out a call for armed random 1343 01:13:47,760 --> 01:13:51,000 Speaker 1: white dudes to quote hunt Mr. Inward, and he did 1344 01:13:51,040 --> 01:13:53,120 Speaker 1: not use the in word. Yeah, I mean he used 1345 01:13:53,120 --> 01:13:54,679 Speaker 1: the in word, but he didn't, you know, he used 1346 01:13:54,680 --> 01:13:58,160 Speaker 1: the real one, hunt Mr. Inward in his lair. Hundreds 1347 01:13:58,160 --> 01:14:00,320 Speaker 1: of white dudes from all over the area and even 1348 01:14:00,320 --> 01:14:03,080 Speaker 1: from the adjoining state of Mississippi showed up in Phillips 1349 01:14:03,080 --> 01:14:06,240 Speaker 1: County with guns. They opened fire wildly at every black 1350 01:14:06,280 --> 01:14:09,519 Speaker 1: person they saw, with the enthusiastic consent and help of 1351 01:14:09,560 --> 01:14:13,160 Speaker 1: the police. Frank Moore, a black farmer, survived the massacre. 1352 01:14:13,400 --> 01:14:15,920 Speaker 1: He later recalled the white sent word that they was 1353 01:14:15,960 --> 01:14:18,160 Speaker 1: coming down here to kill every inn where they found. 1354 01:14:18,400 --> 01:14:20,320 Speaker 1: There were three hundred or four hundred or more white 1355 01:14:20,360 --> 01:14:24,040 Speaker 1: men with guns, shooting and killing women and children. Now, 1356 01:14:24,080 --> 01:14:26,360 Speaker 1: of course klansmen were involved, and some of those clansmen 1357 01:14:26,400 --> 01:14:29,200 Speaker 1: were likely police officers, but the violence in Phillips County 1358 01:14:29,240 --> 01:14:32,519 Speaker 1: was backed by state and local officials, lawmen, and business owners, 1359 01:14:32,640 --> 01:14:35,639 Speaker 1: not just a vigilante social club. The official death toll 1360 01:14:35,760 --> 01:14:38,600 Speaker 1: was eleven black men and five white men killed. The 1361 01:14:38,680 --> 01:14:41,200 Speaker 1: real number of murdered black people is believed to range 1362 01:14:41,240 --> 01:14:44,679 Speaker 1: from anywhere from one hundred to two hundred and thirties seven. 1363 01:14:45,160 --> 01:14:47,519 Speaker 1: At one point, the white mobs were aided by federal 1364 01:14:47,560 --> 01:14:50,519 Speaker 1: troops as well. Local reporters helped the government cover up 1365 01:14:50,560 --> 01:14:52,960 Speaker 1: the massacre by claiming the violence had been white self 1366 01:14:53,000 --> 01:14:57,160 Speaker 1: defense against a black uprising. One Arkansas Gazette article opened 1367 01:14:57,160 --> 01:15:05,000 Speaker 1: with the headline Negro's plan to kill all whites. Good lord, Yeah, 1368 01:15:05,200 --> 01:15:09,080 Speaker 1: you can just make it up and yo, like going 1369 01:15:09,160 --> 01:15:14,479 Speaker 1: into like some of these specific communities just to color, 1370 01:15:14,720 --> 01:15:17,879 Speaker 1: just to color some of the story. We're becoming a fluid, 1371 01:15:18,439 --> 01:15:21,240 Speaker 1: especially the ones in South Carolina. They were like, okay, listen, 1372 01:15:21,320 --> 01:15:24,840 Speaker 1: you don't want to do business with us. Fine, So 1373 01:15:25,080 --> 01:15:27,919 Speaker 1: we were saying it was opening banks, selling their own homes, 1374 01:15:28,240 --> 01:15:31,559 Speaker 1: starting their own businesses, growing their own crops. Was like, okay, 1375 01:15:31,680 --> 01:15:34,960 Speaker 1: it's fine, Fine, we don't have to live together. It's fine, 1376 01:15:35,320 --> 01:15:37,519 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. And then all of the sudden, 1377 01:15:37,560 --> 01:15:39,479 Speaker 1: somebody just come knocking down. It's like, what do you 1378 01:15:40,640 --> 01:15:45,360 Speaker 1: and you know, specifically sparked by that community, share croppers 1379 01:15:45,360 --> 01:15:47,759 Speaker 1: in the community being like, we need to agitate together 1380 01:15:47,840 --> 01:15:51,480 Speaker 1: to have a better deal in a legal and constitutionally 1381 01:15:51,479 --> 01:15:53,800 Speaker 1: protected way. Oh, now you're shooting at us. Now, now 1382 01:15:53,840 --> 01:15:56,559 Speaker 1: you're shooting at us. It was just like you're like, okay, wait, okay, 1383 01:15:56,640 --> 01:15:59,320 Speaker 1: so we're not three fist human anymore. The law applies 1384 01:15:59,360 --> 01:16:02,880 Speaker 1: to us. It seems like this system of sharecropping don't work. 1385 01:16:02,920 --> 01:16:05,080 Speaker 1: Maybe we should work together and figure out a better 1386 01:16:05,080 --> 01:16:08,560 Speaker 1: way to I mean, I mean, we we were citizens. 1387 01:16:08,560 --> 01:16:11,680 Speaker 1: Now we have this right, We have this right. All 1388 01:16:11,800 --> 01:16:15,559 Speaker 1: guess we don't know you're shooting us. Okay, this is 1389 01:16:15,640 --> 01:16:18,479 Speaker 1: just like the Oh I was in fear of my life. 1390 01:16:18,520 --> 01:16:23,680 Speaker 1: Bullshit that cops every day they were uprising. You'll hear 1391 01:16:23,720 --> 01:16:27,240 Speaker 1: that again in the next episode two. Yeah, they were 1392 01:16:27,400 --> 01:16:30,120 Speaker 1: mining their own business. I was afraid of the woman 1393 01:16:30,280 --> 01:16:36,120 Speaker 1: sleeping in her own house. It's it's uh, you know, 1394 01:16:37,160 --> 01:16:40,200 Speaker 1: I'm not a big chairman mal fan um, but when 1395 01:16:40,240 --> 01:16:43,160 Speaker 1: he said political power comes from the barrel of a gun, 1396 01:16:43,840 --> 01:16:47,519 Speaker 1: he was not incorrect. Like, and that's what you see here, 1397 01:16:47,640 --> 01:16:52,439 Speaker 1: right right, That's what that's what Red Summer is. Um. Yeah, 1398 01:16:52,520 --> 01:16:54,559 Speaker 1: And I recognize things are getting a little bit muddled 1399 01:16:54,560 --> 01:16:56,360 Speaker 1: here in this podcast about the history of the police 1400 01:16:56,479 --> 01:16:59,479 Speaker 1: visa be the difference between the vigilante violence, the KKK violence, 1401 01:16:59,520 --> 01:17:02,120 Speaker 1: the police violence. The police violence that is KKK violence. 1402 01:17:02,120 --> 01:17:05,559 Speaker 1: And that's because very real history is always muddled, and 1403 01:17:05,920 --> 01:17:09,320 Speaker 1: in this period police were often perpetrators and lynch ings 1404 01:17:09,320 --> 01:17:12,840 Speaker 1: and white mob violence against black people. They also more 1405 01:17:12,920 --> 01:17:15,720 Speaker 1: often failed to intervene in this sort of thing, and 1406 01:17:15,760 --> 01:17:18,720 Speaker 1: they did sometimes fight against it um often because there 1407 01:17:18,720 --> 01:17:20,439 Speaker 1: were black officers on the force, but there were in 1408 01:17:20,479 --> 01:17:22,400 Speaker 1: this period. It is important to note some very brave 1409 01:17:22,439 --> 01:17:24,760 Speaker 1: white officers who were like, this isn't fucking okay, and 1410 01:17:24,920 --> 01:17:28,760 Speaker 1: I'm not trying to erase those people, but nationwide, as 1411 01:17:28,800 --> 01:17:33,000 Speaker 1: a coal police completely failed to defend black citizens in 1412 01:17:33,080 --> 01:17:36,360 Speaker 1: any organized, meaningful way during the Red Summer of nineteen nineteen. 1413 01:17:36,600 --> 01:17:39,800 Speaker 1: White people initiated more or less add percent of the 1414 01:17:39,880 --> 01:17:42,560 Speaker 1: violence during this summer, and law enforcement consistently failed to 1415 01:17:42,600 --> 01:17:45,960 Speaker 1: protect them. In Washington, d C. While white mobs marched 1416 01:17:46,000 --> 01:17:49,320 Speaker 1: through black neighborhoods, firing wildly, the police response was so 1417 01:17:49,439 --> 01:17:51,920 Speaker 1: lackluster that the mayor was had to call in the 1418 01:17:51,960 --> 01:17:54,960 Speaker 1: military in order to protect the city's black citizens. The 1419 01:17:55,040 --> 01:17:58,200 Speaker 1: individual racism of white officers mixed with the simple reality 1420 01:17:58,240 --> 01:18:00,800 Speaker 1: that police had never been intended to protect poor neighborhoods 1421 01:18:00,880 --> 01:18:03,760 Speaker 1: or businesses in an organized fashion left black people with 1422 01:18:03,840 --> 01:18:06,880 Speaker 1: no option but to protect themselves. And to tell that 1423 01:18:06,920 --> 01:18:08,719 Speaker 1: story in brief, I'm going to quote from an article 1424 01:18:08,760 --> 01:18:13,839 Speaker 1: in teen Vogue by Ursula wolf Rocca. Quote. In Knoxville, Tennessee, 1425 01:18:13,920 --> 01:18:17,160 Speaker 1: armed black men organized themselves to successfully repel hundreds of 1426 01:18:17,160 --> 01:18:19,599 Speaker 1: white rioters that who had already destroyed the county jail 1427 01:18:19,640 --> 01:18:23,240 Speaker 1: with a battering ram and dynamite. In Chicago, African Americans 1428 01:18:23,280 --> 01:18:25,720 Speaker 1: formed self defense units after days of white terror in 1429 01:18:25,760 --> 01:18:28,640 Speaker 1: their neighborhoods. Many of these defenders were veterans among the 1430 01:18:28,640 --> 01:18:31,080 Speaker 1: three hundred and seventy thousand black men inducted into the 1431 01:18:31,160 --> 01:18:33,880 Speaker 1: army during World War One, who hoped fighting for democracy 1432 01:18:33,920 --> 01:18:36,800 Speaker 1: abroad might finally secure their first class citizenship at home. 1433 01:18:37,120 --> 01:18:40,080 Speaker 1: The mob violence in Chicago convinced Harry Haywood, a veteran 1434 01:18:40,120 --> 01:18:43,000 Speaker 1: of the all black three hundred and seventy Infantry Regiment, 1435 01:18:43,160 --> 01:18:45,479 Speaker 1: he had made a mistake. As he explained, I had 1436 01:18:45,479 --> 01:18:48,240 Speaker 1: been fighting the wrong war. The Germans weren't the enemy. 1437 01:18:48,400 --> 01:18:51,920 Speaker 1: The enemy was right here at home in Washington. Yeah, 1438 01:18:52,840 --> 01:18:56,679 Speaker 1: there it is. Yeah, the muddle is the I love 1439 01:18:56,720 --> 01:19:00,360 Speaker 1: that you said, muddled because that's the point. Yeah, that's 1440 01:19:00,400 --> 01:19:02,120 Speaker 1: the point we're trying to make. When it comes to 1441 01:19:02,200 --> 01:19:06,559 Speaker 1: policing in America, it is muddled. I can't I should 1442 01:19:06,560 --> 01:19:08,840 Speaker 1: be able to tell the difference. I should be able 1443 01:19:08,880 --> 01:19:12,080 Speaker 1: to go. That is the clan. These are the police 1444 01:19:12,439 --> 01:19:16,240 Speaker 1: I should be And that's our point. I can't tell 1445 01:19:16,280 --> 01:19:22,920 Speaker 1: the difference. That's the point. Yep, yep. Mayna continue that 1446 01:19:23,000 --> 01:19:26,040 Speaker 1: quote about black self defense. During Red Summer in Washington, 1447 01:19:26,120 --> 01:19:28,640 Speaker 1: d C. Seventeen year old Kerry Johnson opened fire on 1448 01:19:28,680 --> 01:19:31,120 Speaker 1: men breaking into her home while a thousand white rioters 1449 01:19:31,160 --> 01:19:34,400 Speaker 1: laid siege to her neighborhood. In Anniston, Alabama, in December 1450 01:19:34,439 --> 01:19:37,320 Speaker 1: of nineteen eighteen, a black veteran sergeant Edgar Caldwell was 1451 01:19:37,439 --> 01:19:39,360 Speaker 1: ordered out of the white section of a street car. 1452 01:19:39,560 --> 01:19:41,599 Speaker 1: He refused, kicked out of the car, and set upon 1453 01:19:41,680 --> 01:19:44,840 Speaker 1: by the white motorman and conductor. Caldwell shot his pistol twice, 1454 01:19:44,920 --> 01:19:48,400 Speaker 1: killing one of his attackers. Though uncoordinated, when looked at together, 1455 01:19:48,439 --> 01:19:50,599 Speaker 1: these hundreds of moments in and leading up to nineteen 1456 01:19:50,680 --> 01:19:53,719 Speaker 1: nineteen read is an awesome display of collective black agency 1457 01:19:53,760 --> 01:19:58,320 Speaker 1: and self preservation. So again, black arms self defense often 1458 01:19:58,600 --> 01:20:01,040 Speaker 1: is overwhelmed by again the year number of white people 1459 01:20:01,040 --> 01:20:03,800 Speaker 1: their additional resources. They're backing of the state. But it 1460 01:20:03,840 --> 01:20:06,000 Speaker 1: also works out sometimes and it saves a lot of 1461 01:20:06,040 --> 01:20:07,840 Speaker 1: lives when it does. So I don't want to be 1462 01:20:07,880 --> 01:20:12,120 Speaker 1: saying like it's not at tactic that succeeds it historically 1463 01:20:12,200 --> 01:20:17,840 Speaker 1: has um. In two thousand sixteen, City Councilwoman Angelia Williams 1464 01:20:17,840 --> 01:20:20,280 Speaker 1: took to the stage at an in double a cp luncheon. 1465 01:20:20,680 --> 01:20:23,759 Speaker 1: She told the crowd that modern racists had quote taken 1466 01:20:23,760 --> 01:20:26,160 Speaker 1: off their white hats and white sheeted robes and put 1467 01:20:26,160 --> 01:20:28,799 Speaker 1: on police uniforms. Some of them have put on shirts 1468 01:20:28,800 --> 01:20:30,680 Speaker 1: and ties his policy makers, and some of them have 1469 01:20:30,720 --> 01:20:33,840 Speaker 1: put on robes as judges. This did not go over well, 1470 01:20:33,880 --> 01:20:36,600 Speaker 1: and she was roundly pillaried by law enforcement officials. A 1471 01:20:36,640 --> 01:20:39,040 Speaker 1: lot of them were like Democrats, and a wide variety 1472 01:20:39,080 --> 01:20:42,720 Speaker 1: of elected local Democrats. Um. But if Councilwoman Williams had 1473 01:20:42,720 --> 01:20:45,000 Speaker 1: wanted to bring up recent cases of folks who worked 1474 01:20:45,040 --> 01:20:48,000 Speaker 1: forces and also burnt crosses, she would not have had 1475 01:20:48,040 --> 01:20:50,800 Speaker 1: to google hard. In two thousand twelve, a Little Rock, 1476 01:20:50,920 --> 01:20:54,080 Speaker 1: Arkansas officer who attended at least one KKK meeting, shot 1477 01:20:54,080 --> 01:20:56,439 Speaker 1: and killed a fifteen year old black child. In two 1478 01:20:56,479 --> 01:21:00,240 Speaker 1: thousand fifteen, video leaked of Anniston, Alabama, police off Sir 1479 01:21:00,320 --> 01:21:02,800 Speaker 1: Joshua dogg Roll delivering a speech for the League of 1480 01:21:02,800 --> 01:21:05,320 Speaker 1: the South. Now, the League of the South is a 1481 01:21:05,439 --> 01:21:08,680 Speaker 1: neo Confederate organization and for all intents and purposes, just 1482 01:21:08,720 --> 01:21:11,080 Speaker 1: addressed up rebranding of the KKK that tries to look 1483 01:21:11,080 --> 01:21:13,680 Speaker 1: a little bit more palatable. These motherfucker's marched with the 1484 01:21:13,760 --> 01:21:16,920 Speaker 1: Nazis in Charlottesville in two thousand and seventeen. Doggerel had 1485 01:21:16,960 --> 01:21:20,040 Speaker 1: joined the League in nineteen. He'd been a police officer 1486 01:21:20,120 --> 01:21:22,760 Speaker 1: since two thousands six. He talked openly about the League 1487 01:21:22,760 --> 01:21:25,040 Speaker 1: of the South to his fellow officers. He advised them 1488 01:21:25,040 --> 01:21:27,280 Speaker 1: to join, and he held meetings at a steakhouse very 1489 01:21:27,320 --> 01:21:30,200 Speaker 1: close to the police station. He posted pro Confederate content 1490 01:21:30,280 --> 01:21:34,000 Speaker 1: on his Facebook, including pictures of early KKK leaders. Doggerel's 1491 01:21:34,040 --> 01:21:37,519 Speaker 1: clan affiliations were doubly concerning, giving Anniston's history. In May 1492 01:21:37,560 --> 01:21:40,080 Speaker 1: of nineteen sixty one, the Freedom Writers had shown up 1493 01:21:40,120 --> 01:21:42,840 Speaker 1: in town to protest against segregation and Jim Crow. They 1494 01:21:42,840 --> 01:21:46,120 Speaker 1: were assaulted by a massive klansmen who slashed their tires, 1495 01:21:46,280 --> 01:21:48,519 Speaker 1: broke their bus windows, and tried to light the bus 1496 01:21:48,520 --> 01:21:51,479 Speaker 1: on fire with them in it. The Anniston Police Department 1497 01:21:51,479 --> 01:21:54,400 Speaker 1: was headquartered a block away from this, a little closer 1498 01:21:54,400 --> 01:21:56,880 Speaker 1: than the steakhouse where Officer dogg Roll With decades later 1499 01:21:56,920 --> 01:21:59,880 Speaker 1: hold meetings. Anniston officers failed to arrive at the scene 1500 01:21:59,880 --> 01:22:02,680 Speaker 1: of crime untill hours later. No one was arrested. They 1501 01:22:02,720 --> 01:22:04,719 Speaker 1: may have been late because a number of them probably 1502 01:22:04,760 --> 01:22:06,400 Speaker 1: had to change out of their robes and into their 1503 01:22:06,479 --> 01:22:10,519 Speaker 1: uniforms because they were there. Yeah, because they were trying 1504 01:22:10,560 --> 01:22:14,400 Speaker 1: to burn the bust down. Yes. Now, I cannot point 1505 01:22:14,720 --> 01:22:17,080 Speaker 1: you to any specific act of racial violence that Officer 1506 01:22:17,160 --> 01:22:19,919 Speaker 1: dogg Role committed while in uniform, as it is damnably 1507 01:22:19,920 --> 01:22:22,360 Speaker 1: hard to get good information on police misbehavior from the 1508 01:22:22,439 --> 01:22:25,599 Speaker 1: very best police departments, and Anniston is not one of those. 1509 01:22:25,880 --> 01:22:28,720 Speaker 1: But significant evidence suggests that Officer dog Role in his 1510 01:22:28,840 --> 01:22:33,559 Speaker 1: membership in what is a Confederate organization is not a 1511 01:22:33,600 --> 01:22:37,000 Speaker 1: one off from an article in the Guardian quote. Although 1512 01:22:37,040 --> 01:22:39,519 Speaker 1: it is unusual to be for a police officer to 1513 01:22:39,560 --> 01:22:42,160 Speaker 1: be so open about his involvement in an extremist organization, 1514 01:22:42,240 --> 01:22:45,080 Speaker 1: for decades, anti government white supremacist groups have been attempting 1515 01:22:45,120 --> 01:22:47,840 Speaker 1: to recruit police officers into their ranks. It is something 1516 01:22:47,880 --> 01:22:50,479 Speaker 1: a lot of folks are overlooking, says v Ta B. Johnson, 1517 01:22:50,520 --> 01:22:53,800 Speaker 1: an assistant professor of law at Georgetown University. Police forces 1518 01:22:53,840 --> 01:22:56,400 Speaker 1: are becoming more interested in talking about implicit bias, the 1519 01:22:56,479 --> 01:22:59,320 Speaker 1: unconscious racial biases we carry with us as Americans, but 1520 01:22:59,360 --> 01:23:02,040 Speaker 1: people aren't really addressing the explicit biases that are present 1521 01:23:02,120 --> 01:23:05,000 Speaker 1: on police forces. According to Johnson's research, there have been 1522 01:23:05,000 --> 01:23:07,280 Speaker 1: at least a hundred different scandals and more than forty 1523 01:23:07,320 --> 01:23:10,639 Speaker 1: different states involving police officers who have sent racist emails 1524 01:23:10,640 --> 01:23:13,040 Speaker 1: and text messages or made racist comments on social media 1525 01:23:13,120 --> 01:23:16,040 Speaker 1: since the nineteen nineties. A recent investigation by the Center 1526 01:23:16,040 --> 01:23:18,519 Speaker 1: for Investigative Reporting found that hundreds of active duty and 1527 01:23:18,560 --> 01:23:21,479 Speaker 1: retired law enforcement officers from around the country were members 1528 01:23:21,520 --> 01:23:24,560 Speaker 1: of Confederate, anti government and anti Islam groups on Facebook. 1529 01:23:24,680 --> 01:23:26,920 Speaker 1: But there's no official record of officers who are tied 1530 01:23:26,920 --> 01:23:29,880 Speaker 1: to white supremacists or other extremist groups. Because in the US, 1531 01:23:30,120 --> 01:23:32,880 Speaker 1: there's no federal policy for screening or monitoring the countries 1532 01:23:32,920 --> 01:23:35,840 Speaker 1: eight hundred thousand plus law enforcement officers for extremist views. 1533 01:23:36,080 --> 01:23:38,519 Speaker 1: The eighteen thousand or so police departments across the country 1534 01:23:38,560 --> 01:23:43,120 Speaker 1: are largely left to police themselves now of course. Yeah 1535 01:23:43,520 --> 01:23:47,840 Speaker 1: that's a good call. Yeah, yeah, I have a suggestion. 1536 01:23:48,400 --> 01:23:52,040 Speaker 1: If they police themselves, why don't we police ourselves? I 1537 01:23:52,080 --> 01:24:02,680 Speaker 1: mean apparently as Yeah, what's it? Like? I just you 1538 01:24:02,760 --> 01:24:08,360 Speaker 1: can't people think we you think we're making this stuff 1539 01:24:08,479 --> 01:24:10,599 Speaker 1: up when we say, yo, cops are racist. I'm trying 1540 01:24:10,640 --> 01:24:13,280 Speaker 1: to tell you it's racism over the area. Like what, like, 1541 01:24:14,000 --> 01:24:20,280 Speaker 1: I just what what possible gain do any of us 1542 01:24:20,360 --> 01:24:28,040 Speaker 1: have accusing falsely an entire organization to be racist, Like 1543 01:24:28,040 --> 01:24:30,360 Speaker 1: what like what what do you think my end game 1544 01:24:30,360 --> 01:24:35,719 Speaker 1: would be? There's no like, I gained nothing from making 1545 01:24:35,760 --> 01:24:39,799 Speaker 1: this stuff up. Yeah, it's and again like people always 1546 01:24:39,800 --> 01:24:41,840 Speaker 1: focus on like you know, oh, well you know, that's 1547 01:24:41,840 --> 01:24:43,760 Speaker 1: not that many police officers, you know when you you 1548 01:24:43,880 --> 01:24:45,519 Speaker 1: you read them the numbers like that compared to how 1549 01:24:45,560 --> 01:24:47,040 Speaker 1: many there are, and it's like, well, no, that those 1550 01:24:47,080 --> 01:24:51,400 Speaker 1: are the ones that individual activists have for after hours, 1551 01:24:51,439 --> 01:24:55,679 Speaker 1: probably for each individual officer trapped down and verified because again, 1552 01:24:55,720 --> 01:24:58,599 Speaker 1: the government's not looking at us. But also, let's say 1553 01:24:58,640 --> 01:25:01,360 Speaker 1: there's a block party that happened next to your house, 1554 01:25:01,439 --> 01:25:04,920 Speaker 1: right hundred people. One of those people shoots you in 1555 01:25:04,960 --> 01:25:07,519 Speaker 1: the arm with a handgun for no reason. And everyone 1556 01:25:07,560 --> 01:25:11,440 Speaker 1: else in the crowd hangs out around them and does nothing. Um, 1557 01:25:11,479 --> 01:25:13,160 Speaker 1: and you complain about it and they're like, well it 1558 01:25:13,200 --> 01:25:15,439 Speaker 1: was only one of us that shot you. Does does 1559 01:25:15,520 --> 01:25:19,640 Speaker 1: that matter? Not at all? Yeah, they're kind of all 1560 01:25:19,720 --> 01:25:22,080 Speaker 1: pieces of ship, right, you kind of all just let 1561 01:25:22,120 --> 01:25:27,040 Speaker 1: me later. Yeah, kind of a ship party. Yeah, like 1562 01:25:27,280 --> 01:25:32,080 Speaker 1: you are your home. Yeah. In two thousands seventeen, a 1563 01:25:32,200 --> 01:25:35,839 Speaker 1: classified FBI counter terrorism policy guide was obtained by the Intercept. 1564 01:25:35,880 --> 01:25:37,360 Speaker 1: I don't know how they got this, but there are 1565 01:25:37,479 --> 01:25:40,599 Speaker 1: actually quite a few police FBI agents who are real 1566 01:25:40,680 --> 01:25:44,719 Speaker 1: piste about this problem and seemed to be vigorously leaking 1567 01:25:44,760 --> 01:25:48,280 Speaker 1: information to the press. Um In a section focused on 1568 01:25:48,320 --> 01:25:51,160 Speaker 1: how the bureau lists individuals on a terrorism watch list, 1569 01:25:51,240 --> 01:25:53,639 Speaker 1: the author's note that quote and again the authors being 1570 01:25:53,800 --> 01:25:59,280 Speaker 1: FBI domestic terrorism investigations focused on militia extremist, white supremacist extremists, 1571 01:25:59,280 --> 01:26:02,160 Speaker 1: and sovereign sit A and extremists often have identified active 1572 01:26:02,200 --> 01:26:05,280 Speaker 1: links to law enforcement officers. The FBI goes on to 1573 01:26:05,360 --> 01:26:07,439 Speaker 1: note that they had to alter some of their policies 1574 01:26:07,479 --> 01:26:09,760 Speaker 1: when dealing with local law enforcement to account for the 1575 01:26:09,760 --> 01:26:11,720 Speaker 1: fact that so many of them are members of extremist 1576 01:26:11,720 --> 01:26:17,800 Speaker 1: groups like isn't too many. Yeah, we gotta like we've 1577 01:26:17,800 --> 01:26:20,200 Speaker 1: had to change how we interact with cops as the 1578 01:26:20,280 --> 01:26:25,840 Speaker 1: FBI because we're scared of you. Motherfucker's. One of the 1579 01:26:25,880 --> 01:26:29,200 Speaker 1: one of the justifiable criticisms of of the series we're 1580 01:26:29,200 --> 01:26:30,880 Speaker 1: doing is that we're not really going to lean into 1581 01:26:30,920 --> 01:26:33,080 Speaker 1: the FBI much because I've kind of determined to focus 1582 01:26:33,120 --> 01:26:36,800 Speaker 1: on like cops, like like normal police law, like the 1583 01:26:37,080 --> 01:26:39,360 Speaker 1: folks in the street. Even though there is a very 1584 01:26:39,400 --> 01:26:43,519 Speaker 1: long and well worth discussing history of racism within the FBI. Um, 1585 01:26:43,600 --> 01:26:45,200 Speaker 1: we talk about that quite a bit, and our two 1586 01:26:45,200 --> 01:26:47,960 Speaker 1: part are on the bastards who killed the Black panthers. Yeah, 1587 01:26:48,000 --> 01:26:50,599 Speaker 1: we didn't. We'll get into it a bit next week. Um, 1588 01:26:50,680 --> 01:26:53,640 Speaker 1: but we're going to focus really on like you know, 1589 01:26:53,760 --> 01:26:56,840 Speaker 1: beat cops essentially, like what leads to them police departments, 1590 01:26:57,200 --> 01:26:59,760 Speaker 1: just because I can't. We can't do this for like 1591 01:26:59,800 --> 01:27:02,439 Speaker 1: to straight weeks. Um, we both have other stuff we 1592 01:27:02,479 --> 01:27:06,640 Speaker 1: gotta deal with. Um. Yeah. The term ghost skins is 1593 01:27:06,680 --> 01:27:09,280 Speaker 1: often used by white supremacists to refer to folks who 1594 01:27:09,280 --> 01:27:12,200 Speaker 1: basically hide their power level to gain respected jobs in 1595 01:27:12,240 --> 01:27:15,519 Speaker 1: society and advanced white supremacy. Law enforcement is for a 1596 01:27:15,560 --> 01:27:18,519 Speaker 1: particularly prized field for these ghost skins because it gives 1597 01:27:18,520 --> 01:27:21,880 Speaker 1: them virtually unchecked opportunities to do violence to non white people. 1598 01:27:22,240 --> 01:27:24,759 Speaker 1: One example of this would be a gang of officers 1599 01:27:24,760 --> 01:27:27,679 Speaker 1: within the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department who in ninete 1600 01:27:28,400 --> 01:27:31,080 Speaker 1: embarked on a campaign of vandalism and the beating and 1601 01:27:31,160 --> 01:27:34,080 Speaker 1: torturing of black Californians. Have you heard of the Lynwood 1602 01:27:34,200 --> 01:27:39,120 Speaker 1: Vikings prop Yes, I have, Yeah. The Lynwood Vikings were 1603 01:27:39,160 --> 01:27:42,839 Speaker 1: a violent Neo Nazi gang that committed arson and murder 1604 01:27:42,840 --> 01:27:47,400 Speaker 1: and torture on black Californians. And the gang was entirely 1605 01:27:47,520 --> 01:27:51,360 Speaker 1: made up of Los Angeles County Sheriff's officers. It was 1606 01:27:51,400 --> 01:27:56,360 Speaker 1: a Neo Nazi gang that was all Sheriff's officers. Let 1607 01:27:56,360 --> 01:27:59,040 Speaker 1: that sink in. Let that sink in. And now think 1608 01:27:59,120 --> 01:28:01,600 Speaker 1: of the young man who was recently found hung to 1609 01:28:01,680 --> 01:28:06,960 Speaker 1: death in Palmdale, California, and who was declared a suicide 1610 01:28:07,439 --> 01:28:11,919 Speaker 1: by Los Angeles Sheriff's Department, and then the Los Angeles 1611 01:28:11,920 --> 01:28:14,599 Speaker 1: Sheriff's Department was in a gunfight with his half brother 1612 01:28:14,640 --> 01:28:18,000 Speaker 1: where they killed him a couple of days later, And 1613 01:28:18,080 --> 01:28:21,320 Speaker 1: that it is reported that the Palmdale Chunk of the 1614 01:28:21,320 --> 01:28:24,160 Speaker 1: Los Angeles Sheriff's Department has what they called the news 1615 01:28:24,200 --> 01:28:28,280 Speaker 1: called cliques within it that were you might call them gangs, 1616 01:28:28,560 --> 01:28:32,040 Speaker 1: maybe like the Lynwood Vikings. Because this keeps happening weird, 1617 01:28:32,600 --> 01:28:36,680 Speaker 1: because this is not history. It's yeah, yeah, people need 1618 01:28:36,720 --> 01:28:39,919 Speaker 1: to know more about the Lynwood Vikings. Um yeah yeah, 1619 01:28:40,200 --> 01:28:45,639 Speaker 1: so uh yeah, it's it's cool. We're gonna talk about 1620 01:28:45,720 --> 01:28:49,880 Speaker 1: John Burge in Chicago in the next episode. Um, but 1621 01:28:50,439 --> 01:28:52,640 Speaker 1: for right now. The intercept goes on to give a 1622 01:28:52,680 --> 01:28:54,720 Speaker 1: couple of other examples, and I'm gonna quote from their 1623 01:28:54,800 --> 01:28:57,519 Speaker 1: article again. In Cleveland, officials found that a number of 1624 01:28:57,560 --> 01:29:00,640 Speaker 1: police officers had scrolled racist or Nazi graphy throughout their 1625 01:29:00,640 --> 01:29:03,719 Speaker 1: department's locker rooms. In Texas, to police officers were fired 1626 01:29:03,720 --> 01:29:05,760 Speaker 1: when it was discovered that they were klansmen. One of 1627 01:29:05,800 --> 01:29:08,080 Speaker 1: them said he had tried to boost the organization's membership 1628 01:29:08,120 --> 01:29:10,599 Speaker 1: by giving an application to a fellow officer he thought 1629 01:29:10,600 --> 01:29:16,160 Speaker 1: shared his white, Christian heterosexual values. Now, in two thousand fifteen, 1630 01:29:16,280 --> 01:29:20,040 Speaker 1: to his very minor credit, FBI Director James Comey acknowledged 1631 01:29:20,080 --> 01:29:22,080 Speaker 1: in a speech that all of us in law enforcement 1632 01:29:22,160 --> 01:29:24,240 Speaker 1: must be honest enough to acknowledge that much of our 1633 01:29:24,320 --> 01:29:27,400 Speaker 1: history is not pretty. This is about as close as 1634 01:29:27,400 --> 01:29:29,200 Speaker 1: you're going to get to having an actual member of 1635 01:29:29,280 --> 01:29:32,400 Speaker 1: law enforce enforcement admit that, in fact, the cops and 1636 01:29:32,439 --> 01:29:36,880 Speaker 1: the clan regularly do go hand in hand. Um yeah, 1637 01:29:37,280 --> 01:29:44,360 Speaker 1: so good stuff. Take a deep breath, everybody, good stuff. Yeah, 1638 01:29:45,080 --> 01:29:52,439 Speaker 1: whoo whoo to the rest of us. Yeah yeah, we're 1639 01:29:52,479 --> 01:29:58,640 Speaker 1: gonna talk about lynching on Thursday. Um, and we're going 1640 01:29:58,680 --> 01:30:02,360 Speaker 1: to talk about how the police defeated lynching by something 1641 01:30:02,400 --> 01:30:09,639 Speaker 1: that's arguably as bad. So yeah, yeah, yeah, I feel 1642 01:30:09,840 --> 01:30:14,840 Speaker 1: wonderful right now. I am. I didn't we didn't should 1643 01:30:14,840 --> 01:30:18,760 Speaker 1: have maybe not schedule this recording session for June tenth. 1644 01:30:18,840 --> 01:30:23,240 Speaker 1: I do feel I do feel bad about that's the day. 1645 01:30:23,880 --> 01:30:26,320 Speaker 1: My emotions are all over the place right now. Nah, 1646 01:30:26,479 --> 01:30:28,720 Speaker 1: it's all good, you know what I'm saying, Like, you know, 1647 01:30:28,840 --> 01:30:31,160 Speaker 1: in a lot of ways, like like we were talking 1648 01:30:31,200 --> 01:30:34,120 Speaker 1: off camera or off camera off mike, like, yeah, I don't, 1649 01:30:35,280 --> 01:30:38,559 Speaker 1: I don't know, because it's never actually we've never had 1650 01:30:38,600 --> 01:30:41,080 Speaker 1: to celebrate this holiday with anybody else. So there's no 1651 01:30:41,160 --> 01:30:44,479 Speaker 1: actual traditions for June. Yeah, except for to think about 1652 01:30:45,800 --> 01:30:48,479 Speaker 1: what all this ship. We didn't went through the fact 1653 01:30:48,520 --> 01:30:50,240 Speaker 1: that we survived it. You know what I'm saying. That's 1654 01:30:50,280 --> 01:30:52,240 Speaker 1: usually which and then we go down to you know, 1655 01:30:52,400 --> 01:30:57,680 Speaker 1: Crenshaw and eat some barbecue. But I'm like, this is 1656 01:30:57,720 --> 01:31:01,280 Speaker 1: actually great. It's like look and and maybe we'll end 1657 01:31:01,280 --> 01:31:03,360 Speaker 1: it on a high note. It's like and yet we 1658 01:31:03,439 --> 01:31:08,800 Speaker 1: still exist, Yeah, and yet we still are here. Yeah, 1659 01:31:09,080 --> 01:31:13,400 Speaker 1: and like have been forcing the situation to suck less 1660 01:31:13,880 --> 01:31:20,320 Speaker 1: consistently for a couple of centuries of of fighting like 1661 01:31:20,479 --> 01:31:27,479 Speaker 1: trench like the emotional equivalent of trench warfare. Um, yeah, yeah, yeah, 1662 01:31:27,600 --> 01:31:30,120 Speaker 1: And I guess a good tradition for white folks like 1663 01:31:30,200 --> 01:31:33,120 Speaker 1: myself and like Sophie is too, is to do this. 1664 01:31:33,160 --> 01:31:43,200 Speaker 1: It's just been June tenth going like Jesus Christ, good God. Um, 1665 01:31:43,400 --> 01:31:45,360 Speaker 1: prop you got any plug doubles to plug before we 1666 01:31:45,439 --> 01:31:49,320 Speaker 1: roll out of here? Yeah, propit pop dot com. Uh 1667 01:31:49,600 --> 01:31:53,280 Speaker 1: got a bunch of new merge. Um. California has now 1668 01:31:53,360 --> 01:31:56,400 Speaker 1: required face masks, So I got some face masks there. Yeah. 1669 01:31:56,720 --> 01:32:02,439 Speaker 1: Here that flat earther neighbors required by Yeah you got 1670 01:32:02,520 --> 01:32:06,120 Speaker 1: flat earther neighbors. Can we just pause for that way? 1671 01:32:06,200 --> 01:32:12,840 Speaker 1: I mean statistically now, Yeah, there's like I had the 1672 01:32:12,880 --> 01:32:16,559 Speaker 1: building make like red signs that say to wear face masks, 1673 01:32:16,600 --> 01:32:19,400 Speaker 1: and the Elevator and Karen and Ken I don't know 1674 01:32:19,439 --> 01:32:21,800 Speaker 1: their fucking names. I hate them of course, of course, 1675 01:32:21,880 --> 01:32:24,960 Speaker 1: just walk around like deep deep deep, and then I'm like, hey, 1676 01:32:24,960 --> 01:32:26,640 Speaker 1: how about a face mask and they kind of just 1677 01:32:26,680 --> 01:32:29,080 Speaker 1: look at me like I've said something in a language 1678 01:32:29,080 --> 01:32:33,720 Speaker 1: they don't understand and runaway. Yeah. Yeah, so yeah, go 1679 01:32:33,760 --> 01:32:36,360 Speaker 1: get some coffee, Go get some face masks. Got some 1680 01:32:36,400 --> 01:32:42,320 Speaker 1: new water flask too, best merch you guys, dude, thank you. 1681 01:32:42,680 --> 01:32:45,599 Speaker 1: And it's all earth friendly. It's all like zero waste, 1682 01:32:46,240 --> 01:32:47,880 Speaker 1: like that's how it works, you know what I'm saying, 1683 01:32:48,160 --> 01:32:52,640 Speaker 1: recyclable the materials. Recyclable is recycled material. You know what 1684 01:32:52,680 --> 01:32:55,800 Speaker 1: I'm saying. I'm out here. I'm out here like being 1685 01:32:55,840 --> 01:33:03,120 Speaker 1: a good part of Portland's or earth sensitive. Hell yeah, 1686 01:33:03,160 --> 01:33:12,439 Speaker 1: well that's the episode. Um, go go do some stuff. Yeah. 1687 01:33:13,040 --> 01:33:15,200 Speaker 1: Behind the Police is a production of I Heart Radio. 1688 01:33:15,400 --> 01:33:18,080 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the iHeart 1689 01:33:18,160 --> 01:33:22,120 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. 1690 01:33:22,760 --> 01:33:24,720 Speaker 1: What's up, guys, I'm a shop Blau and I am 1691 01:33:24,760 --> 01:33:26,439 Speaker 1: Troy Millions and we are the host of the Earn 1692 01:33:26,479 --> 01:33:29,680 Speaker 1: Your Leisure podcast where we break down business models and 1693 01:33:29,760 --> 01:33:32,439 Speaker 1: examine the latest trends in finance. We hold court and 1694 01:33:32,479 --> 01:33:35,040 Speaker 1: have exclusive interviews with some of the biggest names of business, sport, 1695 01:33:35,080 --> 01:33:38,200 Speaker 1: and entertainment, from DJ Khaled to Mark Cuban, Rick Ross 1696 01:33:38,200 --> 01:33:40,960 Speaker 1: and Shaquille O'Neil. I mean our alumni list is expansive. 1697 01:33:41,040 --> 01:33:43,599 Speaker 1: Listen in as our guests reveal their business models, hardships 1698 01:33:43,600 --> 01:33:45,760 Speaker 1: and triumphs and their respective fields. The knowledge is in 1699 01:33:45,880 --> 01:33:48,760 Speaker 1: death and the questions are always delivered from your standpoint. 1700 01:33:48,920 --> 01:33:50,600 Speaker 1: We want to know what you want to know. We 1701 01:33:50,760 --> 01:33:53,800 Speaker 1: talk to the legends of business, sports and entertainment about 1702 01:33:53,840 --> 01:33:56,320 Speaker 1: how they got their start and most importantly, how they 1703 01:33:56,360 --> 01:33:58,759 Speaker 1: make their money. Earn your Leisia is a college business 1704 01:33:58,760 --> 01:34:00,840 Speaker 1: class mixed with pop culture. I want to learn about 1705 01:34:00,840 --> 01:34:03,599 Speaker 1: the real estate game. Unclear is how the stock market works. 1706 01:34:03,680 --> 01:34:06,120 Speaker 1: We got you interested in starting a trucking company or 1707 01:34:06,240 --> 01:34:09,080 Speaker 1: vendor machine business. Not really sure about how taxes or 1708 01:34:09,080 --> 01:34:11,759 Speaker 1: credit work. We got it all covered. The Earnie Leisure 1709 01:34:11,800 --> 01:34:14,840 Speaker 1: podcast is available now. Listen to Ernie Leisure on the 1710 01:34:14,840 --> 01:34:18,760 Speaker 1: Black Effect podcast Network, I Heart Radio, app, Apple Podcast, 1711 01:34:18,840 --> 01:34:26,599 Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts. Raffie is the voice 1712 01:34:26,720 --> 01:34:30,520 Speaker 1: of some of the happiest songs of our generation. Baby 1713 01:34:32,560 --> 01:34:36,200 Speaker 1: So who is the man behind Baby Bluga? Every human 1714 01:34:36,240 --> 01:34:40,679 Speaker 1: being wants to feel respected. When we start with young, 1715 01:34:41,640 --> 01:34:45,360 Speaker 1: all good things can grow from there. I'm Chris Garcia, comedian, 1716 01:34:45,520 --> 01:34:48,519 Speaker 1: new Dad and host of Finding Raffie, a new podcast 1717 01:34:48,560 --> 01:34:51,800 Speaker 1: from my Heart Radio and Fatherly. Listen every Tuesday on 1718 01:34:51,880 --> 01:34:54,800 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app or wherever you get your podcasts. 1719 01:34:55,439 --> 01:34:58,880 Speaker 1: From Cavalry Audio comes the new true crime podcast, The 1720 01:34:58,920 --> 01:35:02,040 Speaker 1: Shadow Girls. I grew up near the banks of the 1721 01:35:02,040 --> 01:35:04,880 Speaker 1: Green River and in the shadow of the killer that 1722 01:35:05,000 --> 01:35:09,040 Speaker 1: bears its name. Prosecutor described him as a serial killer survant. 1723 01:35:09,320 --> 01:35:12,679 Speaker 1: But this podcast isn't only about tracking down the killer. 1724 01:35:13,080 --> 01:35:16,160 Speaker 1: It's about the victims. We stayed in the woods. He 1725 01:35:16,240 --> 01:35:18,799 Speaker 1: always liked to go into words. Listen to The Shadow 1726 01:35:18,840 --> 01:35:22,160 Speaker 1: Girls on the I Heart Radio app, on Apple Podcasts, 1727 01:35:22,360 --> 01:35:24,320 Speaker 1: or wherever you get your podcasts.