1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:08,719 Speaker 1: in history today on with the show. Greetings everyone, welcome 3 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:11,400 Speaker 1: to this day in History class, where we bring you 4 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:22,520 Speaker 1: a new tidbit from history every day. The day was 5 00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:29,240 Speaker 1: ju in Paris during the June Days Uprising, a French 6 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:34,200 Speaker 1: photographer named Charlotte Francois Tibau took the first photograph used 7 00:00:34,200 --> 00:00:38,919 Speaker 1: to illustrate a newspaper report. The June Days Uprising occurred 8 00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:43,920 Speaker 1: after the French Second Republic instituted democratic reforms. One such 9 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:47,760 Speaker 1: reform was the creation of the National Workshops, which provided 10 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:51,680 Speaker 1: work for the unemployed. But a new assembly of mainly 11 00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:55,480 Speaker 1: moderates and conservatives was elected and they shut down the 12 00:00:55,560 --> 00:01:01,320 Speaker 1: National Workshops. Employed and unemployed workers, student and other supporters 13 00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:04,120 Speaker 1: joined up to protest workers being cut off the state 14 00:01:04,160 --> 00:01:09,160 Speaker 1: payroll and the rolling back of radical social reforms. On 15 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:13,720 Speaker 1: June twenty two, eighteen forty eight, protesters staged a demonstration 16 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:17,040 Speaker 1: against the government's decree that eighteen to twenty four year 17 00:01:17,080 --> 00:01:19,560 Speaker 1: olds in the workshops had to join the army and 18 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:23,560 Speaker 1: older people had to join public works projects, and on 19 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:27,240 Speaker 1: the twenty three the so called June Day's Uprising began 20 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:30,360 Speaker 1: when barricades went up in many working class sections of 21 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:33,520 Speaker 1: the city, the National Guard was sent to Paris to 22 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:38,440 Speaker 1: stop the writing. General Louis Lugene Cavignac used artillery against 23 00:01:38,440 --> 00:01:41,880 Speaker 1: the barricades, and after just four days of conflict, the 24 00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: uprising had ended and the working class movement had been suppressed. 25 00:01:46,640 --> 00:01:50,360 Speaker 1: More than ten thousand Parisians were arrested, of which several 26 00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:54,640 Speaker 1: thousand were eggs out to Algeria as punishment. Several thousand 27 00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:59,720 Speaker 1: troops and Parisians were killed during this uprising. Photographer Charlotte 28 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:04,560 Speaker 1: front Swatchi Bow took three Daguerreo types, two on June 29 00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:08,520 Speaker 1: and the other on the morning of June. A Daguera 30 00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:11,880 Speaker 1: type invented by Louis Daguerre in eighteen thirty nine is 31 00:02:11,919 --> 00:02:14,840 Speaker 1: a photographic image on a silver plated sheet of copper. 32 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:19,560 Speaker 1: Tibaut took the photos from four Rue du Faubourg du temp, 33 00:02:20,200 --> 00:02:23,480 Speaker 1: a home owned by a market gardener named Jean Pierre Pivert. 34 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:27,519 Speaker 1: Tibau also stayed in that house in eighteen forty eight 35 00:02:27,560 --> 00:02:31,960 Speaker 1: and eighteen forty nine. The first two photos Tibou took 36 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 1: show a deserted street the route du Faubourg du Temple 37 00:02:36,320 --> 00:02:40,520 Speaker 1: with barricades at intersections, and one of them, a woman 38 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:43,560 Speaker 1: in a white hat named Pauline Pompon, appears to look 39 00:02:43,560 --> 00:02:47,160 Speaker 1: at the photographer from a nearby window, and the other 40 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 1: the woman is not at the open window. The photo 41 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:54,440 Speaker 1: taken on the is a blurrier, but shows the same 42 00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:59,600 Speaker 1: street with cannons, soldiers and shopkeepers present after General Lamoriciere's attack. 43 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:03,200 Speaker 1: He took the photo from a rooftop above the street. 44 00:03:04,160 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 1: Woodcuts were made from the image, including the woman and 45 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 1: the one taking on the twenty six, and those wood 46 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:13,359 Speaker 1: engravings were published alongside a story about the uprising and 47 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:18,080 Speaker 1: the weekly newspaper Lily Streon in early July. The engravings 48 00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: were also published in a special issue of Journet ils 49 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: revolution Da eighteen forty eight in August of that year. 50 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 1: The images are considered the earliest photos to a company 51 00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:33,560 Speaker 1: and newspaper report. Before photographs existed, news articles were accompanied 52 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:38,200 Speaker 1: by illustrations, but early on photographers deemed news events worthy 53 00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 1: of capturing. Hermann Bo, known for his photos of Hamburg, Germany, 54 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:45,400 Speaker 1: after it was destroyed by a fire in May of 55 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:48,440 Speaker 1: eighteen forty two, took what are considered some of the 56 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:52,000 Speaker 1: first ever photographs of a news event, and in April 57 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:55,960 Speaker 1: of eighteen forty eight the newspaper Illustrated London News printed 58 00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:59,920 Speaker 1: to Daguera types. The Muse door Say in Paris per 59 00:04:00,080 --> 00:04:02,000 Speaker 1: just two of t bows de Gara types at a 60 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:05,280 Speaker 1: Southebys auction in two thousand two. The other was donated 61 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:10,080 Speaker 1: to the Carnavale Museum in nine. I'm Eve Jeff Coote 62 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:12,800 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 63 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:16,800 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. And if you haven't gotten your 64 00:04:16,800 --> 00:04:20,240 Speaker 1: fill of history after listening to today's episode, you can 65 00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:25,000 Speaker 1: follow us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at t d 66 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:29,320 Speaker 1: I h C podcast And if you are so inclined, 67 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:32,520 Speaker 1: you can listen to a new podcast I host called Unpopular, 68 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:35,360 Speaker 1: which is about people in history who resisted the status 69 00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:39,360 Speaker 1: quo and we're persecuted for it. Thanks again for listening 70 00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:46,600 Speaker 1: and we'll see you tomorrow. Hey y'all, I'm Eves and 71 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:49,359 Speaker 1: welcome to This Day in History class, a podcast for 72 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: people who truly believe that you learned something new every day. 73 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:04,520 Speaker 1: The day was nineteen seventy eight. The rainbow flag, made 74 00:05:04,520 --> 00:05:08,479 Speaker 1: specifically to represent the LGBTQ community, was flown for the 75 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:11,600 Speaker 1: first time at the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade. 76 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:15,320 Speaker 1: Over the years since his creation, the rainbow flag has 77 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:19,760 Speaker 1: become an international symbol, both to celebrate LGBTQ pride and 78 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:23,719 Speaker 1: in the fight for lgbt Q rights. The rainbow flag 79 00:05:23,760 --> 00:05:26,960 Speaker 1: was designed by Gilbert Baker. Born in nineteen fifty one 80 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:30,839 Speaker 1: in Chanout, Kansas, Baker gravitated towards art and fashion design 81 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:33,720 Speaker 1: at a very young age. He was drafted into the 82 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: United States Army in nineteen seventy, where he experienced a 83 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:42,040 Speaker 1: significant amount of homophobia. Eventually stationed in San Francisco as 84 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:44,760 Speaker 1: an army medic, he found a sense of community there 85 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:48,919 Speaker 1: in the burgeoning post Stonewall gay rights movement. He decided 86 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:51,880 Speaker 1: to stay in San Francisco after his honorable discharge from 87 00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:55,839 Speaker 1: the military. Baker design banners for various pro gay and 88 00:05:55,880 --> 00:06:00,880 Speaker 1: anti war protests. Over time, people began suggesting that Baker 89 00:06:00,960 --> 00:06:03,720 Speaker 1: design and create a symbol specifically for the gay and 90 00:06:03,800 --> 00:06:07,680 Speaker 1: lesbian rights movement. Until that point, many people used paint 91 00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:11,560 Speaker 1: triangles as a pride symbol. During World War Two, Nazis 92 00:06:11,640 --> 00:06:15,480 Speaker 1: used pink triangles to mark suspected gay males and concentration 93 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:18,960 Speaker 1: camps and the gay community had reclaimed the symbol as 94 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:22,040 Speaker 1: a symbol of pride, but many people were calling for 95 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:24,960 Speaker 1: a new original symbol to represent the gay rights movement. 96 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:28,200 Speaker 1: One such person was Harvey Milk, who was a friend 97 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:31,039 Speaker 1: of Baker's. Milk had recently been sworn in as the 98 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:35,719 Speaker 1: first openly gay elected official in California. Baker felt that 99 00:06:35,760 --> 00:06:38,680 Speaker 1: the different colors of the rainbow represented the variety of 100 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:42,880 Speaker 1: people in sexualities that made up the LGBT hugh community. 101 00:06:43,400 --> 00:06:46,880 Speaker 1: The original flag consisted of eight stripes, with each symbolizing 102 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:50,600 Speaker 1: something different. He assembled a group of around thirty volunteers 103 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:53,400 Speaker 1: who died and sowed the flags at a laundry mat 104 00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:58,400 Speaker 1: and a gay community center. On June, the flag was 105 00:06:58,480 --> 00:07:01,760 Speaker 1: raised in the United Nations Alza in San Francisco for 106 00:07:01,800 --> 00:07:05,200 Speaker 1: the Gay Freedom Day Parade. The flag gained even more 107 00:07:05,279 --> 00:07:08,120 Speaker 1: noticed by the public a few months later when Harvey 108 00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:11,600 Speaker 1: Milk was assassinated at San Francisco City Hall on November. 109 00:07:13,120 --> 00:07:16,400 Speaker 1: Demand for the flag skyrocketed. In the wake of the assassination, 110 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:20,760 Speaker 1: the Paramount Flag Company in San Francisco began mass producing 111 00:07:20,760 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 1: the flag as demand increased. The flag went through a 112 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:28,240 Speaker 1: few different iterations. The color hot pink was removed from 113 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:31,080 Speaker 1: the flag design since it was too hard to find 114 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:34,360 Speaker 1: for mass production and ray It became the top stripe, 115 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:38,200 Speaker 1: which was consistent with a rainbow in nature. Turquoise was 116 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,040 Speaker 1: later dropped and the rainbow flag became the sixth stripe 117 00:07:41,080 --> 00:07:45,120 Speaker 1: design most commonly seen today. The flag has also been 118 00:07:45,120 --> 00:07:49,520 Speaker 1: the subject of controversy. In John Stout, a resident of 119 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:53,520 Speaker 1: West Hollywood, sued his landlord for attempting to prohibit him 120 00:07:53,560 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 1: from flying the flag on his balcony. Stout won the lawsuit. 121 00:07:57,960 --> 00:08:00,720 Speaker 1: In two thousand four, as a form of test against 122 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:04,720 Speaker 1: the Australian government's refusal to recognize same sex marriages, a 123 00:08:04,800 --> 00:08:08,640 Speaker 1: group of LGBTQ activists planted the rainbow flag on the 124 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:12,280 Speaker 1: uninhabited corral Sea Island's territory off the coast of Australia 125 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:15,560 Speaker 1: and claimed it as an independent micro nation for the 126 00:08:15,600 --> 00:08:19,920 Speaker 1: gay community. Besides the rainbow flag, there are other flags 127 00:08:19,960 --> 00:08:24,840 Speaker 1: that represent LGBTQ communities, like the transgender Pride flag created 128 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 1: by Monica Helms. Baker enjoyed a successful career as a 129 00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:33,200 Speaker 1: vexilographer or flag designer. By the time he died in 130 00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:36,560 Speaker 1: two thousand, seventeen, he hadn't made a significant amount of 131 00:08:36,559 --> 00:08:40,160 Speaker 1: money from creating the rainbow flag, and he never copyrighted 132 00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:42,960 Speaker 1: the design because he wanted it to belong to everyone. 133 00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:46,640 Speaker 1: He once said, the following the moment I knew that 134 00:08:46,679 --> 00:08:49,880 Speaker 1: the flag was beyond my own personal experience, that it 135 00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:52,560 Speaker 1: wasn't just something I was making, but was something that 136 00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 1: was happening, was the March on Washington. From my home 137 00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:59,839 Speaker 1: in San Francisco. I watched the march on c SPAN 138 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:04,040 Speaker 1: and saw hundreds of thousands of people carrying and waving 139 00:09:04,120 --> 00:09:08,439 Speaker 1: rainbow flags. On a skill I never imagined the flag 140 00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:12,080 Speaker 1: lives on as a ubiquitous and internationally recognized symbol of 141 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:16,679 Speaker 1: LGBTQ pride. I'm each Jeff Coote and hopefully you know 142 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:19,640 Speaker 1: a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 143 00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:23,120 Speaker 1: And if you have any comment ser suggestions, feel free 144 00:09:23,160 --> 00:09:25,360 Speaker 1: to send them our way. We're at T D I 145 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:29,120 Speaker 1: h C Podcast on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We can 146 00:09:29,120 --> 00:09:31,440 Speaker 1: also hit us up via email where at this day 147 00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:34,880 Speaker 1: at iHeart media dot com. And a special shout out 148 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:38,280 Speaker 1: today to Alexis and two Chandler, the super producers on 149 00:09:38,360 --> 00:09:42,000 Speaker 1: this show, who has always continued to do amazing work 150 00:09:42,600 --> 00:09:48,839 Speaker 1: by For more podcasts from i Heeart Radio, visit the 151 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:51,520 Speaker 1: iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 152 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:52,360 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.