1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:07,160 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hi everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to This 3 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:10,400 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast where we rip out 4 00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:14,480 Speaker 1: a page from the history books every day. Today is 5 00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: November nineteen. The day was November nine, a battle broke 6 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:32,559 Speaker 1: out in Surabaya, Indonesia, between Indonesians who supported independence in 7 00:00:32,640 --> 00:00:37,120 Speaker 1: British and British Indian forces. Though the Battle of Surabaya 8 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:40,680 Speaker 1: resulted in the death of thousands of Indonesians, it was 9 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:44,479 Speaker 1: an important struggle in the Indonesian National Revolution and is 10 00:00:44,520 --> 00:00:48,760 Speaker 1: commemorated as a Day of Heroism in Indonesia. By the 11 00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:52,640 Speaker 1: mid twentieth century, Indonesia had largely been under Dutch rule 12 00:00:52,720 --> 00:00:57,520 Speaker 1: for three centuries, but during World War Two, Japan invaded 13 00:00:57,560 --> 00:01:01,440 Speaker 1: and occupied the Dutch East Indies, ending Dutch colonial rule 14 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:06,679 Speaker 1: in Indonesia and stirring support for Indonesian nationalism. Movements seeking 15 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:09,679 Speaker 1: independence from Dutch rule had been active since the early 16 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:13,960 Speaker 1: nineteen hundreds, but the Japanese encouraged Indonesian independence to gain 17 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: support in their war effort and broke down the infrastructure 18 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:20,160 Speaker 1: that the Dutch had built in the colony. The Japanese 19 00:01:20,240 --> 00:01:25,000 Speaker 1: even provided Indonesians with military training. In September of nineteen 20 00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:28,360 Speaker 1: forty four, the Prime Minister of Japan promised the Dutch 21 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:33,000 Speaker 1: East Indies its independence in the future. After Japan surrendered 22 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 1: in World War Two in August of nineteen forty five, 23 00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:38,679 Speaker 1: the Dutch planned on re establishing their rule in Indonesia, 24 00:01:39,280 --> 00:01:41,840 Speaker 1: and British forces were ordered to the area to prepare 25 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:46,039 Speaker 1: Indonesia for the return of the Dutch, but Indonesian nationalists 26 00:01:46,040 --> 00:01:49,720 Speaker 1: took the chance to proclaim Indonesia's independence and Sucardino and 27 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:53,240 Speaker 1: Mohammad Hata became president and vice president of the new state. 28 00:01:54,360 --> 00:01:58,000 Speaker 1: As news of the independence declarations spread across the Indonesian islands, 29 00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:01,240 Speaker 1: more people began to support the idea of a revolution. 30 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:06,360 Speaker 1: The Japanese had supplied Indonesian nationalists with weapons. As Allied 31 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,560 Speaker 1: troops moved into Indonesia and the Japanese, Dutch and British 32 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:13,760 Speaker 1: attempted to assert their dominance, a diplomatic and armed struggle ensued. 33 00:02:14,919 --> 00:02:18,959 Speaker 1: On September nineteenth ninety five, Dutch internees raised the Dutch 34 00:02:19,040 --> 00:02:22,600 Speaker 1: flag at the Hotel Yamato and Surabaya, East Java, with 35 00:02:22,680 --> 00:02:27,359 Speaker 1: the support of the Japanese. This inflamed tensions with Indonesian nationalists, 36 00:02:27,600 --> 00:02:29,919 Speaker 1: who ripped the blue stripe off of the Dutch flag 37 00:02:29,960 --> 00:02:33,720 Speaker 1: at the hotel. British troops arrived in Surabaya with a 38 00:02:33,800 --> 00:02:37,440 Speaker 1: small Dutch military contingent in October, aiming to take weapons 39 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: from the Japanese and Indonesians and send Japanese troops back 40 00:02:40,560 --> 00:02:44,600 Speaker 1: to Japan, but the Indonesians did not hand over their weapons. 41 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:49,960 Speaker 1: Fighting broke out between Indonesians, Dutch and Eurasians. On October 42 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:53,240 Speaker 1: twenty around six thousand British Indian troops under the command 43 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:57,520 Speaker 1: of Brigadier A. W. S. Malabi, entered Surabaya. They were 44 00:02:57,560 --> 00:03:00,960 Speaker 1: sent in to evacuate European internees, and Malaby made an 45 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:03,720 Speaker 1: agreement that the British would not ask Indonesian troops to 46 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,680 Speaker 1: hand over their weapons and that British Indian troops would 47 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:09,280 Speaker 1: stay within an a hundred meter perimeter of the harbor, 48 00:03:10,360 --> 00:03:14,160 Speaker 1: but they occupied key places across Surabaya, and on October, 49 00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:18,760 Speaker 1: Jakarta based General Hawthorne organized an air drop of leaflets 50 00:03:19,080 --> 00:03:24,600 Speaker 1: that demanded Surabaya's forces surrendered their weapons. Indonesians armed with 51 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:29,520 Speaker 1: bamboo spears, molotov cocktails, pistols, and semi automatic machine guns 52 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:33,840 Speaker 1: went up against the British troops in Surabaya. The President, 53 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: vice President and Defense Minister flew into the city and 54 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:41,800 Speaker 1: they negotiated a ceasefire, but fighting continued anyway, and Brigadier 55 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:46,520 Speaker 1: Malaby was killed in the confusion on October. At that point, 56 00:03:46,600 --> 00:03:49,839 Speaker 1: the British decided to take Surabaya by force. They sent 57 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:55,520 Speaker 1: in more forces, tanks, warships, and armed aircraft. On November nine, 58 00:03:55,560 --> 00:03:58,520 Speaker 1: the British warned the Indonesians that a full scale assault 59 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:02,320 Speaker 1: would commence if they did not surrender. The next day, 60 00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:04,960 Speaker 1: the British began to attack the city, and over the 61 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:08,560 Speaker 1: next couple of weeks, thousands of people died, were injured, 62 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:12,920 Speaker 1: or fled the city. Though the Indonesians resisted, they lost 63 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:17,400 Speaker 1: the battle. Still, the Battle of Sarabia demonstrated the strength 64 00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:21,240 Speaker 1: of the Republican resistance in Indonesia, and the Indonesian National 65 00:04:21,279 --> 00:04:25,360 Speaker 1: Revolution ended in nineteen forty nine with the Netherlands recognizing 66 00:04:25,400 --> 00:04:30,839 Speaker 1: Indonesian sovereignty over the United States of Indonesia. Today, November 67 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:34,920 Speaker 1: ten is celebrated as Heroes Day in Indonesia. I'm Eve 68 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:37,719 Speaker 1: Jeffcote and hopefully you know a little more about history 69 00:04:37,760 --> 00:04:41,400 Speaker 1: today than you did yesterday. Feel free to share your 70 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:44,920 Speaker 1: thoughts or your innermost feelings with us and with other 71 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:50,640 Speaker 1: listeners on social media at t D I HC podcast, 72 00:04:51,800 --> 00:04:53,560 Speaker 1: or if you want to get a little more fancy, 73 00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:56,520 Speaker 1: you can send us an email at this Day at 74 00:04:56,560 --> 00:05:00,320 Speaker 1: i heart media dot com. Thanks for listen, inning and 75 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:12,840 Speaker 1: we'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from i heeart Radio, 76 00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 77 00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:16,760 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.