WEBVTT - M Jackson: Glacier Expert 0:00:04.880 --> 0:00:09.320 You know, I have been working with glaciers for decades now, 0:00:09.440 --> 0:00:13.200 and I'm going back to the same glaciers in the Arctic. 0:00:13.720 --> 0:00:16.320 These are glaciers that I have come to know year 0:00:16.320 --> 0:00:20.240 after years, as friends, as physical bodies. I can close 0:00:20.320 --> 0:00:22.639 my eyes and tell you how these glaciers smell and 0:00:22.880 --> 0:00:29.080 sound and feel. That was scientists Dr M. Jackson, who 0:00:29.080 --> 0:00:33.520 has made glaciers her life's work. Glaciers, she says, are 0:00:33.600 --> 0:00:38.400 our global library. They reveal Earth's past and future. But 0:00:38.520 --> 0:00:42.640 while glaciers are in trouble, Dr Jackson isn't ready to 0:00:42.680 --> 0:00:45.599 give in to pessimism, and she tells us how we 0:00:45.760 --> 0:00:50.040 all can help. I'm a land vere and this is 0:00:50.080 --> 0:00:53.880 senecas on women to hear. We are bringing you one 0:00:53.920 --> 0:00:57.800 hundred of the world's most inspiring and history making women. 0:00:57.960 --> 0:01:02.240 You need to hear. Dr M. Jackson is an expert 0:01:02.240 --> 0:01:06.400 on glaciers and the Arctic for the National Geographic Society. 0:01:07.560 --> 0:01:11.720 She's written two books about glaciers, including The Secret Lives 0:01:11.760 --> 0:01:16.080 of Glaciers. Glacier, she says, are vital to protecting the 0:01:16.120 --> 0:01:19.360 world from climate change, and she's going to give us 0:01:19.400 --> 0:01:23.119 a whole new way to think about them. Listen and 0:01:23.240 --> 0:01:28.319 learn why Dr M Jackson is one of Seneca's women 0:01:28.400 --> 0:01:35.080 to hear. I'm speaking today with Dr M Jackson, geographer 0:01:35.080 --> 0:01:39.800 and expert on glaciers. Welcome, Dr Jackson, thank you so 0:01:39.880 --> 0:01:43.680 much for having me today. Now you're a self described 0:01:43.760 --> 0:01:48.040 glacier nerd as well as an arctic expert. So tell 0:01:48.160 --> 0:01:50.960 us what is a glacier? That is, what makes a 0:01:51.040 --> 0:01:55.360 glacier a glacier? And why are glaciers so critical to 0:01:55.440 --> 0:01:58.920 life on Earth? That is a great question and a 0:01:59.000 --> 0:02:03.160 huge one. So we have our classic scientific definition of 0:02:03.160 --> 0:02:07.320 what a glacier is, which is a perennial body of 0:02:07.480 --> 0:02:11.720 land ice that exists, right, But what really is that? 0:02:11.880 --> 0:02:17.200 What is land ice? What does it mean to exist perennially? Right? 0:02:17.639 --> 0:02:22.119 So we have this scientific definition, but across our whole planet, 0:02:22.639 --> 0:02:26.040 glaciers means so much more to many many different people. 0:02:26.120 --> 0:02:29.320 And from a scientific lens, I think about what is 0:02:29.360 --> 0:02:34.280 a glacier? It's our global library. These are snowflakes that 0:02:34.320 --> 0:02:38.320 have fallen over the last hundreds of years, thousands of years, 0:02:38.440 --> 0:02:43.040 millions of years. That has each one falls, it records 0:02:43.160 --> 0:02:46.080 what our planet is doing, what our pollen county is, 0:02:46.080 --> 0:02:49.040 what our temperature is, what our sentiments are and it 0:02:49.080 --> 0:02:52.960 records it for a global library. And that's what I 0:02:53.000 --> 0:02:55.240 think about every time I interact with a new glacier, 0:02:55.720 --> 0:03:00.000 because the glaciers they're not only record, but they influence. 0:03:01.120 --> 0:03:03.800 Why are glaciers crucial to life on Earth? Because of 0:03:03.840 --> 0:03:10.200 how they impact our global world? Glaciers they influence our 0:03:10.440 --> 0:03:15.000 local weather patterns, They make weather, Isn't that crazy? They 0:03:15.080 --> 0:03:18.000 influence how much water is on our planet today, whether 0:03:18.200 --> 0:03:21.160 our planet is as it is right now rather wet, 0:03:21.440 --> 0:03:25.079 high ocean levels, lots of rain and precipitation, or when 0:03:25.080 --> 0:03:27.680 we look in our past we can be much drier. 0:03:28.520 --> 0:03:31.240 The weather you experience when you walk outside of your house, 0:03:32.040 --> 0:03:35.600 it's brought to you by your local glaciers. Wow, it's 0:03:35.680 --> 0:03:38.840 just so fascinating to hear you talk about this. So 0:03:39.040 --> 0:03:43.000 given how important glaciers are for all the reasons you 0:03:43.120 --> 0:03:46.960 just stated, what is the condition of the world's glaciers 0:03:47.080 --> 0:03:51.600 right now and what does that tell us about climate change? Yes, 0:03:51.680 --> 0:03:53.760 so lots of different ways to look at glaciers and 0:03:53.800 --> 0:03:56.960 what their conditions are right now. We can say we 0:03:56.960 --> 0:04:01.080 have about two hundred thousand glaciers, then it wide and 0:04:01.080 --> 0:04:04.480 if you start including smaller glaciers like little glacier ats. 0:04:04.520 --> 0:04:07.840 We could say we have about four glaciers and that 0:04:07.960 --> 0:04:10.760 number it can be important in some ways because when 0:04:10.760 --> 0:04:13.360 we look at our glaciers, we can say we're losing 0:04:13.400 --> 0:04:17.240 our mass. Our glaciers globally there are exceptions, but globally 0:04:17.320 --> 0:04:21.880 are getting smaller and smaller as they respond to increasing 0:04:21.880 --> 0:04:26.400 climatic changes and decrease in size. Our number of glaciers, though, 0:04:27.120 --> 0:04:31.440 it is actually increasing because our larger glacier systems are 0:04:31.520 --> 0:04:34.560 breaking down. So when you see headlines in the future 0:04:34.600 --> 0:04:37.039 that say, hey, we have more glaciers on this planet, 0:04:37.320 --> 0:04:41.880 always be skeptical. We are losing mass as our larger 0:04:41.880 --> 0:04:45.080 glacier systems are breaking apart. So we have so many 0:04:45.080 --> 0:04:48.840 glaciers melting now correct, we have the majority of our 0:04:48.880 --> 0:04:52.080 planets ice is melting. And what that tells us about 0:04:52.160 --> 0:04:56.880 climate change is that the impacts of climatic changes are increasing. 0:04:57.800 --> 0:05:02.400 So tell us about your work. How much time, for example, 0:05:02.640 --> 0:05:07.000 do you spend on actual glaciers, What do you love 0:05:07.040 --> 0:05:11.880 about it? And what was your most memorable or uninspiring 0:05:12.000 --> 0:05:15.320 moment on a glacier? So those are all big questions. 0:05:15.760 --> 0:05:19.120 Are glaciers tend to be located in pretty remote places 0:05:19.160 --> 0:05:21.720 on our planet, and so for me to go out 0:05:21.760 --> 0:05:26.640 there and work on those glaciers, UH is no small commitment. 0:05:27.440 --> 0:05:30.960 It's not a day trip. When I'm working on glaciers 0:05:31.040 --> 0:05:33.359 in Antarctic, I've to get there, or in the Arctic, 0:05:33.440 --> 0:05:35.400 i have to get there. And so if you're there, 0:05:35.880 --> 0:05:38.880 you're going to be spending some time. In an ideal world, 0:05:39.800 --> 0:05:42.200 I'm out in the field several months of the year. 0:05:42.640 --> 0:05:46.279 COVID has made that really really difficult, UH, And in 0:05:46.360 --> 0:05:48.440 the future, I hope to get to spend more time. 0:05:49.040 --> 0:05:50.880 If you're in places like Iceland, where you have a 0:05:50.880 --> 0:05:54.120 glacier in your backyard, you could go out, as I 0:05:54.120 --> 0:05:56.760 have done countless times, go out do what I need 0:05:56.800 --> 0:05:58.240 to do on the ice, and then come home and 0:05:58.279 --> 0:06:00.560 have a hot, hot cup of coffee and that lovely. 0:06:00.760 --> 0:06:03.680 But that's pretty pretty rare. What's it like to be 0:06:03.720 --> 0:06:08.560 an Antarctica doing this work? You know, I have been 0:06:08.600 --> 0:06:12.119 working with glaciers for decades now, and I'm going back 0:06:12.200 --> 0:06:17.000 to the same glaciers in Antarctica. In the Arctic. These 0:06:17.000 --> 0:06:20.039 are glaciers that I have come to know year after years, 0:06:20.200 --> 0:06:23.760 as friends, as physical bodies. I can close my eyes 0:06:23.800 --> 0:06:27.280 and tell you how these glaciers smell and sound and feel. 0:06:28.240 --> 0:06:32.360 And I'm going back each year, and they are deteriorating 0:06:32.440 --> 0:06:35.359 faster than I have ever seen, and a lot of 0:06:35.360 --> 0:06:38.640 times it reminds me really strongly of what I experienced 0:06:39.200 --> 0:06:43.520 my family. My parents passed away from cancers and watching 0:06:43.560 --> 0:06:49.359 their bodies respond to cancer and slowly deteriorate. I have 0:06:49.560 --> 0:06:53.240 seen how similar that is as I watch these glaciers 0:06:53.279 --> 0:06:57.680 I have known for decades physically deteriorate and dwindle away. 0:06:58.440 --> 0:07:02.080 It's one of the most amazing places I have been 0:07:02.360 --> 0:07:05.359 is ice field environments. But it is also the hardest 0:07:05.560 --> 0:07:10.520 because they changed so rapidly today. What a metaphor? Do 0:07:10.600 --> 0:07:14.200 you have a favorite glaciers? Is that a legitimate question? 0:07:14.960 --> 0:07:19.080 Does one have a favorite glacier? You know, oftentimes when 0:07:19.160 --> 0:07:22.920 we say the word glacier, we are failing for the 0:07:22.920 --> 0:07:25.880 phenomenon of ice on our planet because it's this one 0:07:25.920 --> 0:07:31.560 word that almost homogenizes ice. Most of the glaciers I 0:07:31.560 --> 0:07:36.000 work on are so dissimilar from one another that I've 0:07:36.040 --> 0:07:39.120 had to come to know them as as individuals with 0:07:39.200 --> 0:07:44.280 their own unique sounds and smells and response rates on 0:07:44.320 --> 0:07:49.040 the coast of Iceland. There's glaciers lined up just like 0:07:49.080 --> 0:07:52.440 the teeth of a comb. But each one of those 0:07:52.480 --> 0:07:57.880 glaciers is different and responds differently. So if I'm if 0:07:57.920 --> 0:08:02.440 I'm looking at say they any glacier in South Georgia 0:08:02.520 --> 0:08:06.760 down in the sub Antarctic, that glacier, I love it, 0:08:07.000 --> 0:08:10.480 but it is so different than if I'm on Hanniberg 0:08:10.600 --> 0:08:13.800 Jocolt in Iceland, or if I'm on the Mauth Subpoena 0:08:13.840 --> 0:08:17.120 glacier in Alaska. Every one of them is so different, 0:08:17.440 --> 0:08:21.240 and I I try to remember and keep in the 0:08:21.280 --> 0:08:23.560 front of my thinking how lucky I am to experience 0:08:23.560 --> 0:08:27.560 these glaciers as they are now, because if you and 0:08:27.600 --> 0:08:29.920 I go out there a year from now, all of 0:08:29.920 --> 0:08:37.440 this ice will be different. Senecas one hundred women to 0:08:37.480 --> 0:08:49.920 hear will be back after the short break, Can we 0:08:50.040 --> 0:08:53.520 go back for a moment, because I just love listening 0:08:53.559 --> 0:08:57.240 to you and hearing your enthusiasm for what you do. 0:08:58.080 --> 0:09:01.240 What was your childhood like did you always want to 0:09:01.280 --> 0:09:05.040 be a scientist? And you know what was the moment 0:09:05.320 --> 0:09:07.560 you knew that glaciers would be a big part of 0:09:07.600 --> 0:09:11.760 your life's work? Mm hmm, you know, I didn't grow 0:09:11.880 --> 0:09:16.959 up knowing that I wanted to be a scientist, nor 0:09:17.080 --> 0:09:21.319 did I grow up knowing I could be a scientist. Uh. 0:09:21.480 --> 0:09:24.520 When I was young, I lived very rurally and I'd 0:09:24.520 --> 0:09:28.240 never met another scientist, let alone a female scientist. That 0:09:28.360 --> 0:09:32.000 just wasn't part of my world. My father was a 0:09:32.040 --> 0:09:34.679 welder across the state of Alaska. He built a lot 0:09:34.720 --> 0:09:37.040 of infrastructure and worked on the pipeline, and my mom 0:09:37.120 --> 0:09:42.960 was a farmer. I grew up very surprised that I'd 0:09:43.040 --> 0:09:45.800 even encountered The next year, the next year, the next 0:09:45.920 --> 0:09:48.760 year at school, UM I was going to be a 0:09:48.760 --> 0:09:51.640 firefighter in a medic in Southeast Alaska. That was the 0:09:51.679 --> 0:09:55.480 career I had out for myself. I didn't know that 0:09:55.559 --> 0:09:58.280 I can imagine more than that, and I didn't know 0:09:58.320 --> 0:10:03.640 what was possible. And in my late teens early twenties, 0:10:03.679 --> 0:10:06.960 I started working as a backcountry guide in Southeast Alaska, 0:10:07.000 --> 0:10:10.160 which has huge eye systems, and I wanted to be 0:10:10.240 --> 0:10:13.239 a better guide. I wanted to be able to explain 0:10:13.480 --> 0:10:16.560 the ice that I was working on to our clients. 0:10:17.720 --> 0:10:22.120 And I googled things, and I looked on Wikipedia, and 0:10:22.160 --> 0:10:24.920 I read books, but so much of what I was 0:10:25.320 --> 0:10:28.520 experiencing with boots on the ground, crampons on the on 0:10:28.559 --> 0:10:33.360 the ice I could not find explanations for. And right 0:10:33.440 --> 0:10:39.360 about that time I was called out to work as 0:10:39.360 --> 0:10:43.199 a guide for a bunch of National Geographic borders. They 0:10:43.200 --> 0:10:46.520 were doing photography work, and if you can imagine when 0:10:46.520 --> 0:10:49.839 you're young, I was in my early twenties. All I 0:10:49.920 --> 0:10:52.000 knew about these photographers was that they worked for the 0:10:52.080 --> 0:10:55.080 National Geographic Society, and in my mind I thought they 0:10:55.160 --> 0:10:59.280 must know everything. And so I asked all of these 0:10:59.400 --> 0:11:04.760 bird specialists about things I saw on glaciers. I didn't 0:11:04.840 --> 0:11:09.440 understand the distinctions and science, I didn't understand disciplines. And 0:11:09.480 --> 0:11:13.520 what I still today think of as a big stroke 0:11:13.600 --> 0:11:18.240 of luck is that these particular bird photographers were incredibly 0:11:18.320 --> 0:11:21.280 kind and they did not tell me that they couldn't 0:11:21.320 --> 0:11:24.440 answer my questions and ended the conversation. Instead, they told 0:11:24.480 --> 0:11:28.040 me these questions I was asking, those are great questions, 0:11:28.760 --> 0:11:32.439 and that I had the ability to go answer them. 0:11:32.480 --> 0:11:35.920 And then one person in particular, a man named Ford Cochrane, 0:11:36.440 --> 0:11:40.080 he continued to email with me. He continued to encourage me, 0:11:40.400 --> 0:11:42.640 and the year after year he encouraged me to go 0:11:42.679 --> 0:11:45.520 get to school, to get an education, to get a 0:11:45.559 --> 0:11:49.360 master's degree, to get a doctorate degree. When I needed work, 0:11:49.760 --> 0:11:53.200 he could help me with jobs to pay for schooling. 0:11:54.120 --> 0:11:56.320 I can tell you today I am the product of 0:11:56.400 --> 0:12:00.439 incredible mentorship. A lot of it tie back to the 0:12:00.520 --> 0:12:05.000 National Geographic Society. I today think a lot about that 0:12:05.080 --> 0:12:09.880 as I spend time working as a basically as a 0:12:09.920 --> 0:12:13.160 science communicator and an outreach scientist, because when I was 0:12:13.240 --> 0:12:16.840 young again, I didn't know science was an option for me, 0:12:16.960 --> 0:12:19.800 and so it's really important that I spend time with 0:12:20.160 --> 0:12:23.680 young children and show them what a scientist can look like. 0:12:23.800 --> 0:12:26.520 Everyone doesn't have to be a scientist, but I want 0:12:26.600 --> 0:12:29.240 them to know it's an option, Especially in a field 0:12:29.280 --> 0:12:35.080 like mine, which is so predominantly filled with white men. 0:12:35.600 --> 0:12:40.200 There aren't that many female scientists that study glaciers, and 0:12:40.280 --> 0:12:44.360 so I want to change that. Well, speaking of females scientists, 0:12:44.520 --> 0:12:47.920 I know you've said that you put a feminist lens 0:12:48.080 --> 0:12:51.319 on what you do. What does that mean and why 0:12:51.400 --> 0:12:54.040 is it so important to do that? Yeah, I do 0:12:54.120 --> 0:12:57.280 put a feminist lens on all of my work and 0:12:57.320 --> 0:12:59.800 how I want to be in the world. What that 0:13:00.160 --> 0:13:05.520 specifically to my science is really that more voices are welcome, 0:13:05.559 --> 0:13:08.720 and more diversity is welcome, and I take a very 0:13:09.000 --> 0:13:11.600 broad view of that. When you think about the history 0:13:11.640 --> 0:13:15.520 of glaciology, this is a field of science that has 0:13:15.600 --> 0:13:22.240 been dominated for over a century by Western, white male practitioners, 0:13:22.360 --> 0:13:27.240 and that has given us amazing information and science, but 0:13:27.320 --> 0:13:31.160 it is also severely limited. Who can talk about ice 0:13:31.280 --> 0:13:35.280 and in what form. Most of glaciology today still lends 0:13:35.320 --> 0:13:40.280 itself to measuring, monitoring, and predicting glacier ice. But what 0:13:40.400 --> 0:13:43.160 happens when you ask a bunch of artists to come 0:13:43.160 --> 0:13:49.240 out and paint ice, to do incredible different views of ice? 0:13:49.360 --> 0:13:51.440 What happens if you ask indigenous people who have been 0:13:51.440 --> 0:13:55.240 living with glaciers for millennia what their views on that 0:13:55.520 --> 0:13:58.680 science is? What happens if you ask young women what 0:13:58.800 --> 0:14:02.560 their views are? What happens if we incredibly in span 0:14:02.760 --> 0:14:07.840 this field to include as many different perspectives. We're losing 0:14:07.840 --> 0:14:11.080 our world sies right now, and so for me, I 0:14:11.120 --> 0:14:13.800 don't think we have the time to have a limited view. 0:14:14.160 --> 0:14:16.760 We need as many voices at the table looking at 0:14:16.760 --> 0:14:20.800 our eyes because that's gonna walk us towards solutions. You know, 0:14:21.040 --> 0:14:25.720 it's been very tough listening to the realities that we 0:14:25.840 --> 0:14:29.080 confront with climate change, as you've articulated them, just from 0:14:29.120 --> 0:14:33.440 the perspective of your work on glaciers, and given how 0:14:33.560 --> 0:14:39.359 rapid and overwhelming climate change is, what can our individual 0:14:39.520 --> 0:14:43.880 listeners do to improve things? Because I'm sure they share 0:14:43.960 --> 0:14:48.360 great concern but are frankly not fully understanding of what 0:14:48.480 --> 0:14:53.280 could make a difference by them as individuals. I would ask, 0:14:53.880 --> 0:14:57.560 what can your listeners do? I think that's a really 0:14:58.200 --> 0:15:03.600 difficult question. That is a pretty simple solution. I want 0:15:03.640 --> 0:15:07.280 your listeners to push back on what they've been told. 0:15:07.920 --> 0:15:13.520 The narratives that we are told are so often unimaginative, 0:15:14.000 --> 0:15:18.480 and they limit what can be possible. I am tired 0:15:18.520 --> 0:15:20.600 of walking into a room and telling people I'm a 0:15:20.600 --> 0:15:22.960 glaciologist and they snicker and say we'll all be a 0:15:23.040 --> 0:15:29.120 historian soon, as if the future of ice is predetermined. Uh, 0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:33.040 it's not. We have such an impossible future that we 0:15:33.080 --> 0:15:36.720 can imagine. I'm actually hopeful for glaciers. And why I'm 0:15:36.720 --> 0:15:40.920 hopeful for glaciers. As a scientist, I have absolutely no 0:15:41.160 --> 0:15:45.760 problem conflating the personal with the professional. I think a 0:15:45.800 --> 0:15:48.960 lot about my life. I've spent the majority of my 0:15:49.000 --> 0:15:52.080 adult life being told I would never have children. And 0:15:52.320 --> 0:15:56.040 after years and years of IVS and using the scientific 0:15:56.080 --> 0:15:58.760 tools that we have developed, and having a lot of 0:15:58.800 --> 0:16:02.200 heartbreak and sending to the narratives of being told of 0:16:02.280 --> 0:16:06.280 what is possible and impossible for my future, my husband 0:16:06.320 --> 0:16:09.520 and I now have a small child, m I was 0:16:09.560 --> 0:16:13.920 able to redefine what is possible for me. When we 0:16:13.960 --> 0:16:17.000 think about glaciers, were told they are melting and there's 0:16:17.080 --> 0:16:21.239 nothing we can do. The future is set. All glaciers 0:16:21.320 --> 0:16:25.480 need is snow, cold temperatures, and time. That's the basic 0:16:25.560 --> 0:16:30.080 recipe to grow a glacier. Today, if we managed to 0:16:30.200 --> 0:16:35.920 get our temperatures down, our glaciers could respond, and we 0:16:36.000 --> 0:16:40.240 could live in a world with ice. Now, uh, we 0:16:40.360 --> 0:16:43.120 add science there and the splash of cold water reality, 0:16:43.200 --> 0:16:45.760 which is, even if we got our temperatures down, our 0:16:45.760 --> 0:16:49.480 glaciers take take a while to respond. And so the 0:16:49.520 --> 0:16:52.080 work I do to advocate for ice to say we 0:16:52.160 --> 0:16:54.960 can live in a world with glaciers. That's a world 0:16:55.000 --> 0:16:59.400 I'm never gonna see. That's a world my son finning 0:16:59.480 --> 0:17:04.640 and is an ever going to see. But his children 0:17:05.400 --> 0:17:09.040 might see that we can live in a world with ice, 0:17:09.119 --> 0:17:11.800 and our glaciers can grow back, but it's not going 0:17:11.840 --> 0:17:15.359 to happen overnight. But it is still incredibly important to 0:17:15.359 --> 0:17:18.560 think about the next generations and what their planet looks like. 0:17:19.040 --> 0:17:23.159 And that's the work we do today, is redefining what 0:17:23.400 --> 0:17:26.960 is possible and how we imagine a future. So I 0:17:27.000 --> 0:17:30.919 would tell your individual listeners to not give into the 0:17:31.000 --> 0:17:34.680 narratives that our future is set, that we cannot combat 0:17:34.680 --> 0:17:40.280 climatic changes. We absolutely can, and we begin each day 0:17:40.440 --> 0:17:42.960 and we put our mind to it and know that 0:17:43.040 --> 0:17:46.800 we can make a difference. You know, just listening to you, 0:17:46.800 --> 0:17:51.600 you have so much enthusiasm for your profession, so much 0:17:51.640 --> 0:17:56.760 affection truly for what you do. And just given your 0:17:56.880 --> 0:18:00.919 last answer, let me end on this note. Where do 0:18:01.000 --> 0:18:04.720 you find optimism? Clearly it's in your work and what 0:18:04.760 --> 0:18:08.159 you just said, But can you expand on that what 0:18:08.320 --> 0:18:11.320 gives you such hope? I think I get a lot 0:18:11.359 --> 0:18:15.919 of hope from the ice itself. It is so resilient 0:18:16.960 --> 0:18:20.520 and even though a lot of the glaciers I work 0:18:20.560 --> 0:18:24.480 with are dissolving, that is not a permanent state, that 0:18:24.640 --> 0:18:27.960 is not the final chapter. And I think too often 0:18:28.040 --> 0:18:31.840 we think of our time skills in these these hours, 0:18:31.920 --> 0:18:37.200 these days, these these tweets and instead thinking about how 0:18:37.200 --> 0:18:40.160 a future might look what the next years might look like. 0:18:40.840 --> 0:18:43.600 I have the power to shape that. I have the 0:18:43.640 --> 0:18:46.800 power to add a lot more to the conversation, So 0:18:46.960 --> 0:18:50.920 to your listeners, So do the glaciers, the oceans, the rivers, 0:18:50.960 --> 0:18:55.359 the forest that we live with that group conversation that 0:18:55.440 --> 0:18:59.120 redefines the future we move into. I think about that 0:18:59.200 --> 0:19:04.000 and I get a lot of hope. Wonderfully, said Dr 0:19:04.280 --> 0:19:08.720 m Jackson, Thank you so much for being with us today, 0:19:08.960 --> 0:19:11.840 and thank you for all that you do to care 0:19:11.920 --> 0:19:16.159 about our glaciers and to care about addressing climate change 0:19:16.440 --> 0:19:19.000 as well. It was a pleasure to be able to 0:19:19.040 --> 0:19:21.879 talk to you. Thank you, Thank you for having me. 0:19:26.960 --> 0:19:30.800 What an incredible way to think about glaciers and all 0:19:30.880 --> 0:19:34.560 life on Earth. There are three things I took from 0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:41.040 that conversation. First, how fascinating to realize that glaciers are 0:19:41.080 --> 0:19:45.600 not only vital, but that each one is unique. But 0:19:45.680 --> 0:19:49.560 they are also changing quickly. The glaciers we know today 0:19:49.760 --> 0:19:54.160 may be very different the next time we see them. Second, 0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:58.560 looking back on her career, Dr Jackson reminds us once 0:19:58.600 --> 0:20:02.400 again about the import tance of mentorship. As a teen, 0:20:02.560 --> 0:20:05.720 she didn't imagine that she could be a scientist until 0:20:05.760 --> 0:20:09.840 a mentor encouraged her to pursue both the master's degree 0:20:09.920 --> 0:20:13.520 and a doctorate. That's why today she makes a point 0:20:13.560 --> 0:20:16.760 to spend time with children and to show them what 0:20:16.840 --> 0:20:22.800 a scientist, especially a glacier scientist, it'll look like. Finally, 0:20:23.440 --> 0:20:27.240 Dr Jackson encourages us to reject defeatism when it comes 0:20:27.280 --> 0:20:31.520 to climate change. Yes, the glaciers are melting. We may 0:20:31.560 --> 0:20:35.480 think there's nothing we can do, but that's wrong, she says. 0:20:36.400 --> 0:20:39.960 The future is not set, and we have the power 0:20:40.040 --> 0:20:44.000 to shape it. Tune in next week to hear about 0:20:44.000 --> 0:20:48.040 our next featured woman and discover why she's one of 0:20:48.119 --> 0:20:53.560 Seneca's one Women to Hear. Seneca's one hundred Women to 0:20:53.600 --> 0:20:56.760 Hear is a collaboration between the Seneca Women Podcast Network 0:20:56.840 --> 0:20:59.760 and I Heart Radio, with support from founding partner PUNGI 0:21:00.400 --> 0:21:01.160 Have a Great Day.