1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,239 Speaker 1: Hey, history enthusiasts, you get not one, but two events 2 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:05,960 Speaker 1: in history today. With that said, on with the show, 3 00:00:08,520 --> 00:00:11,879 Speaker 1: Welcome to this Day in History class, where we bring 4 00:00:11,920 --> 00:00:22,759 Speaker 1: you a new tidbit from history every day. The day 5 00:00:22,920 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: was June fourth two. In a military rebellion that began 6 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:31,479 Speaker 1: on this day, the Tilean air force under the command 7 00:00:31,600 --> 00:00:36,040 Speaker 1: of Colonel Marmaduke Grove forced to President Juan Esteban Monteo 8 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:40,880 Speaker 1: Rodriguez from power. The Socialist Republic of tile was formed, 9 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:45,279 Speaker 1: though it was very short lived. The Great Depression hit 10 00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:48,879 Speaker 1: to a hard The value of copper and nitrate exports 11 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:53,159 Speaker 1: from the country declined substantially. Thousands of workers lost their 12 00:00:53,240 --> 00:00:59,080 Speaker 1: jobs in nitrate fields. Imports also declined significantly, and crops 13 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:03,080 Speaker 1: from the nineteenth one in nineteen thirty two harvests had failed. 14 00:01:03,640 --> 00:01:06,680 Speaker 1: The government tried to spread unemployed people out from the 15 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:11,320 Speaker 1: north by building albergues or temporary housing in urban areas, 16 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 1: but Chile did not have the resources to provide so 17 00:01:14,680 --> 00:01:19,720 Speaker 1: much assistance. Afraid that having so many unemployed people concentrated 18 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:23,679 Speaker 1: in urban areas would cause conflict, government officials began kicking 19 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:28,800 Speaker 1: unemployed people out of cities. Workers and university students protested 20 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:33,199 Speaker 1: the forced evictions by striking in July of nineteen thirty one. 21 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:37,319 Speaker 1: They demanded President Carlos Ibanyez out and called for a 22 00:01:37,360 --> 00:01:42,440 Speaker 1: return to constitutional democracy. Police officers killed more than ten 23 00:01:42,480 --> 00:01:48,400 Speaker 1: people during the demonstrations on July. After the government remained 24 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:52,280 Speaker 1: indecisive on the issue and student unrest in Santiago continued, 25 00:01:52,760 --> 00:01:56,240 Speaker 1: Ivannyez resigned and took off to the U S Embassy. 26 00:01:56,480 --> 00:02:00,600 Speaker 1: Ibanye is replacement. The president of the Senate also resigned, 27 00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:05,080 Speaker 1: and juan Esevan Mondetto of the Conservative Party became provisional president. 28 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:10,240 Speaker 1: In October of nineteen thirty one, Montetto was elected president 29 00:02:10,280 --> 00:02:14,160 Speaker 1: with six of the vote. In the midst of all 30 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:18,600 Speaker 1: the economic and political instability, Monteto attempted to revive the 31 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:22,960 Speaker 1: country's devastated economy, but the crisis was so severe that 32 00:02:22,960 --> 00:02:27,560 Speaker 1: the government's attempts did not work. Currency depreciated and inflation 33 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:31,480 Speaker 1: went up. In April of nineteen thirty two, the president 34 00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:36,079 Speaker 1: declared martial law, but Monteto's opposition would soon seize power. 35 00:02:37,280 --> 00:02:41,760 Speaker 1: On June four, ninety two, planes from El Bosk air Base, 36 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:46,040 Speaker 1: commanded by Grove flew over law Moneta, the president's Palace. 37 00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:51,080 Speaker 1: This caused Monteto's government to resign, and the revolt established 38 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:55,320 Speaker 1: a junta government that consisted of General Arturo puga Osorio, 39 00:02:55,800 --> 00:02:59,800 Speaker 1: journalist and former ambassador to the United States Carlos Davila, 40 00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:06,960 Speaker 1: and socialist politician Ahino Mateo. Air commodore Marmaduke Grove was 41 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:12,280 Speaker 1: the war minister. The republica Socialista or socialist Republic was created. 42 00:03:13,080 --> 00:03:17,320 Speaker 1: This junta dissolved Ibanya's Congress, declared a moratorium on the 43 00:03:17,360 --> 00:03:21,120 Speaker 1: collection of debts and returned goods held in pawn at 44 00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:25,639 Speaker 1: the government owned Banco de Credo. Popular free meals were 45 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:29,520 Speaker 1: to be served daily to unemployed people, but funding soon 46 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:32,519 Speaker 1: ran out for the programs, pushing the government to order 47 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:35,880 Speaker 1: the police to rate jewelry shops and declare credits and 48 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:40,920 Speaker 1: deposits in foreign currency property of the state. Opinion on 49 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: the Socialist Republic was split. Just over a week later, 50 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: the first junta was dissolved and another was established, with 51 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:53,200 Speaker 1: puga Osorio taking the executive power, and on June six, 52 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,680 Speaker 1: Carlos Davila seized power and formed a new junta with 53 00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:03,320 Speaker 1: Alberto Cabertro and Pedro Nolasco gardenas Avandagno, where Puga Osorio 54 00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:08,200 Speaker 1: was the war minister. Davila exalt and Grove to Easter 55 00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:12,200 Speaker 1: Island and accused them of being communists. He also declared 56 00:04:12,240 --> 00:04:16,520 Speaker 1: a state of emergency and press censorship. On the eighth 57 00:04:16,520 --> 00:04:21,159 Speaker 1: of July, Davola declared himself provisional president of the Socialist Republic, 58 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:24,480 Speaker 1: but he did not have enough support from the military 59 00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:29,000 Speaker 1: or from civilians to remain in that position. On September, 60 00:04:29,839 --> 00:04:33,240 Speaker 1: Davila was overthrown in a military rebellion live by Commodore 61 00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:38,839 Speaker 1: Marino in General Bartholome Blanche. Blanche ceded power to the 62 00:04:38,839 --> 00:04:43,400 Speaker 1: President of the Supreme Court, Abraham Oyendel Rutilla, who held 63 00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:49,159 Speaker 1: general elections in October. Arturo Alessandri Palma, who had already 64 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:52,640 Speaker 1: been president of Chile from nineteen twenty to nineteen four, 65 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:57,080 Speaker 1: was elected for his second term. In his first term, 66 00:04:57,240 --> 00:05:01,480 Speaker 1: Alessandri had called for the abolition of the parliamentary system, 67 00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:05,039 Speaker 1: the direct election of the president, and the separation of 68 00:05:05,160 --> 00:05:10,040 Speaker 1: church and state. After his second election, democracy returned to Chile, 69 00:05:10,720 --> 00:05:15,239 Speaker 1: but this time Alessandri was a strict constitutionalist. He remained 70 00:05:15,279 --> 00:05:19,800 Speaker 1: president until night, but workers in the middle class were 71 00:05:19,800 --> 00:05:25,280 Speaker 1: still dissatisfied. In that year's presidential election, radical candidate Pedro 72 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:30,600 Speaker 1: Ager Serrada one. I'm Eve Steff Coote and hopefully you 73 00:05:30,680 --> 00:05:33,920 Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 74 00:05:35,279 --> 00:05:39,080 Speaker 1: Keep up with us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at 75 00:05:39,279 --> 00:05:43,400 Speaker 1: T D I h C podcast And if you want 76 00:05:43,400 --> 00:05:45,479 Speaker 1: to listen to more history, you can check out the 77 00:05:45,480 --> 00:05:48,919 Speaker 1: podcast Unpopular. It's the show that I host that's about 78 00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:52,680 Speaker 1: people in history who challenge the status quo and sometimes 79 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:56,680 Speaker 1: they were persecuted for it. Thanks again for listening and 80 00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:07,160 Speaker 1: we'll see you tomorrow. Hello everyone, I'm Eves and welcome 81 00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:09,560 Speaker 1: to this Day and History Class, a show that will 82 00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:12,680 Speaker 1: convince you that history can be fascinating even when you 83 00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:24,160 Speaker 1: expected not to be. The day was June fourth. Suffragette 84 00:06:24,240 --> 00:06:27,360 Speaker 1: Emily Davison was trampled by a horse at the Episom Derby. 85 00:06:27,920 --> 00:06:31,200 Speaker 1: She died four days later. The intentions of her actions 86 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:33,840 Speaker 1: leading to the accident have been a topic of debate. 87 00:06:35,120 --> 00:06:38,240 Speaker 1: In nineteen o six, Davidson joined the Women's Social and 88 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:41,600 Speaker 1: Political Union. The w s p U was a militant 89 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:45,320 Speaker 1: political organization that campaigned for women's suffrage in the UK. 90 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 1: At the time, Davidson was thirty four years old and 91 00:06:48,960 --> 00:06:51,880 Speaker 1: worked as a governess, but she soon left her job 92 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:55,520 Speaker 1: to work for the movement full time. Davidson was a 93 00:06:55,560 --> 00:06:59,400 Speaker 1: devout Christian and advocated for socialism. As a feminist in 94 00:06:59,440 --> 00:07:03,960 Speaker 1: suffragett she was militant and often confrontational. She was arrested 95 00:07:04,000 --> 00:07:07,960 Speaker 1: and imprisoned several times. She went to jail for the 96 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,520 Speaker 1: first time in nineteen o nine after marching to see 97 00:07:11,560 --> 00:07:14,440 Speaker 1: Prime Minister H. H. Asquith with a group led by 98 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:18,400 Speaker 1: suffragette Dora Marston. She and several other women ended up 99 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: being charged with obstruction and assaulting the police. Davidson was 100 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:26,720 Speaker 1: later imprisoned for throwing stones at people and setting pillar 101 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:30,720 Speaker 1: boxes on fire. While in prison, she would go on 102 00:07:30,880 --> 00:07:35,040 Speaker 1: hunger strikes and was forcefid. In nineteen twelve, she jumped 103 00:07:35,080 --> 00:07:37,800 Speaker 1: from a prison balcony and protest of her treatment and 104 00:07:37,880 --> 00:07:44,240 Speaker 1: injured her head Invertebrae. When June fourteen, Davidson attended the derby, 105 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:48,360 Speaker 1: she had two WSPU flags which bore the colors purple, 106 00:07:48,560 --> 00:07:52,200 Speaker 1: white and green. She found a spot at Tattenham Corner, 107 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:56,120 Speaker 1: the last bin before the final straight. As the horses 108 00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:59,640 Speaker 1: came around Tattenham Corner. Davidson deduct under the railing and 109 00:07:59,680 --> 00:08:02,080 Speaker 1: on the track. When she made it, went to the 110 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:05,960 Speaker 1: track King George, the fifth horse struck her. Davidson was 111 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,360 Speaker 1: knocked unconscious and the horse fell and through office jockey 112 00:08:09,560 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: Herbert Jones. The incident was caught on camera. Davidson and 113 00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:17,720 Speaker 1: Jones were taken to the hospital. Jones had a concussion 114 00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:21,680 Speaker 1: and was soon sent home, but Davidson never regained consciousness 115 00:08:21,840 --> 00:08:23,640 Speaker 1: and died from a fracture at the base of her 116 00:08:23,640 --> 00:08:28,360 Speaker 1: skull on June eight. Davidson's funeral on June four involved 117 00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:32,360 Speaker 1: a procession of thousands of people. The WSPU pegged her 118 00:08:32,440 --> 00:08:35,720 Speaker 1: as a martyr, while the media questioned her mental stability 119 00:08:36,040 --> 00:08:40,520 Speaker 1: and pointed to her reputation as a militant suffragette. Opinion 120 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:43,360 Speaker 1: is divided on whether Davison intended to die or just 121 00:08:43,480 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: wanted to disrupt the derby. Some historians say that she 122 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:49,440 Speaker 1: was trying to attach a flag to the horse. Other 123 00:08:49,480 --> 00:08:51,880 Speaker 1: people believed that she was trying to cross the tracks 124 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:54,800 Speaker 1: and something that she was trying to pull the horse down. 125 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:58,960 Speaker 1: At the time, Davidson was carrying a return train ticket 126 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,719 Speaker 1: from EPSOM and had made plans with her sister for 127 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,559 Speaker 1: the near future. Some people point to this fact as 128 00:09:04,600 --> 00:09:07,119 Speaker 1: evidence that she did not intend to die by suicide 129 00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:11,079 Speaker 1: that day. When World War One broke out in nineteen fourteen, 130 00:09:11,640 --> 00:09:16,199 Speaker 1: w SPU founder Emmilyne Pankers suspended the organization's militant activities 131 00:09:16,559 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: and focus on recruiting women to the war effort. I'm 132 00:09:20,760 --> 00:09:23,679 Speaker 1: Eve Stecote and hopefully you know a little more about 133 00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:27,000 Speaker 1: history today than you did yesterday. And if you have 134 00:09:27,080 --> 00:09:29,679 Speaker 1: any comments, our suggestions, or time whereas you want to 135 00:09:29,720 --> 00:09:32,640 Speaker 1: send us, you can send them to this day at 136 00:09:32,679 --> 00:09:35,800 Speaker 1: iHeart media dot com. You can also hit us up 137 00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:39,680 Speaker 1: on social media where at T D I D podcast. 138 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:42,520 Speaker 1: Hope you enjoyed the show and we'll be back tomorrow 139 00:09:42,559 --> 00:09:55,520 Speaker 1: with another episode. For more podcasts from my Heart Radio, 140 00:09:55,679 --> 00:09:58,280 Speaker 1: visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 141 00:09:58,320 --> 00:09:59,440 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.