WEBVTT - How Human Trafficking Works 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.920 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.560 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff You Should Know 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:16.960 from housetop Works dot Com. Hey, I'm welcome to the podcast. 0:00:17.079 --> 0:00:19.840 I'm Josh Clark. The cross from me is always as 0:00:19.920 --> 0:00:23.279 Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and that makes this stuff you 0:00:23.280 --> 0:00:26.799 should know, not bush league. No, we've been doing this 0:00:26.880 --> 0:00:30.639 way too long. Not bush league. We're pioneers, man, are 0:00:30.680 --> 0:00:35.080 we Probably we're like riding the coat tails of Adam Curry. 0:00:35.760 --> 0:00:40.320 That's right, Yeah, long supple doublety coat tails of Adam Curry. 0:00:42.159 --> 0:00:44.800 I'm happy to be on them. Sure, he's great, man, 0:00:44.840 --> 0:00:47.320 I'm not making fun of him at all. Well, don't 0:00:47.320 --> 0:00:48.720 make it sound like I am. You're not one of 0:00:48.760 --> 0:00:51.360 those guys who just says something like uncool to be 0:00:51.400 --> 0:00:54.080 ironic and have it be cool. No, And I'm glad 0:00:54.080 --> 0:00:56.360 you brought that up because I posted a Kenny g 0:00:56.600 --> 0:00:59.720 song on our Facebook page and I wasn't trying to 0:00:59.760 --> 0:01:02.080 be ironic. I wasn't trying to be cool. It's a 0:01:02.080 --> 0:01:05.440 good song. Yeah, it's as simple as that. Like when 0:01:05.440 --> 0:01:09.280 you go see Dolly Parton, It's not to be ironic. 0:01:09.640 --> 0:01:13.720 It's because you like Dolly Parton exactly. All right, thank you, 0:01:13.720 --> 0:01:16.120 I just want to clear that up. The same goes 0:01:16.160 --> 0:01:19.920 for Ronnie Millsap by the way, he's class act um 0:01:20.000 --> 0:01:23.520 one of mine and Nami's friends. Adam was like, who's 0:01:23.560 --> 0:01:25.759 that cat that you listen to? He was always wearing 0:01:25.760 --> 0:01:31.080 the sunglasses his country, and Umi was like, Ronnie Millsap. 0:01:31.120 --> 0:01:33.800 He's like, yeah, I was like, he's blind man, that's 0:01:33.800 --> 0:01:37.640 why he's always wearing the sunglasses. Adam, Adam, Adam, Adam, Yeah, 0:01:37.920 --> 0:01:42.440 who was engaged. Congratulations Yes, congratulations to Adam and Serena. 0:01:43.600 --> 0:01:47.680 So human trafficking work. Yeah, we might as well have 0:01:47.800 --> 0:01:49.800 gotten the light stuff out of the way because this 0:01:49.840 --> 0:01:52.400 will be another joke free podcast. This is a I 0:01:52.440 --> 0:01:54.600 don't know about joke free. We don't pull off joke 0:01:54.680 --> 0:01:58.560 free very well, but we um, this is heavy. It's 0:01:58.600 --> 0:02:00.880 one of our heavier ones. Is up there with like homelessness, 0:02:01.800 --> 0:02:05.840 uh and um and off requested. Yeah, this one's been 0:02:05.840 --> 0:02:08.720 asked for a lot. We're finally doing it. Um. And 0:02:08.960 --> 0:02:11.680 Human trafficking is not to be confused with the movie 0:02:11.720 --> 0:02:15.239 about raves from the nineties called Human Traffic has absolutely 0:02:15.320 --> 0:02:18.960 nothing to do with one another. Human trafficking is basically 0:02:19.880 --> 0:02:25.200 another term for modern slavery. Uh. And apparently I want 0:02:25.240 --> 0:02:30.600 to bust out a an unquantified stat that's my forte Yes, 0:02:31.120 --> 0:02:34.320 they're supposedly more slaves in the world right now than 0:02:34.360 --> 0:02:36.640 there ever have been. That is true. I looked that 0:02:36.720 --> 0:02:39.200 up just to be sure, and I did not get 0:02:39.240 --> 0:02:41.400 a number, but they said there are more. Well, I 0:02:41.440 --> 0:02:44.000 think they said more than twelve million, is what the 0:02:44.120 --> 0:02:47.360 u N says. The State Department said, uh in two 0:02:47.360 --> 0:02:51.720 thousand and ten and their reported human trafficking they cited 0:02:51.800 --> 0:02:55.600 something like seventeen twelve point three towel point three. So 0:02:55.760 --> 0:02:57.080 the the U S and the u N and I 0:02:57.080 --> 0:03:00.000 guess are using the same number. Looks like it. Um, 0:03:00.160 --> 0:03:04.160 that's a lot of slaves and sad very sad um. 0:03:04.280 --> 0:03:07.520 So let's okay. We I think everybody has a pretty 0:03:07.520 --> 0:03:11.640 good understanding of how um West Africa became the slave 0:03:11.720 --> 0:03:16.560 capital of the world and from about what the sixteenth 0:03:16.639 --> 0:03:20.800 to the nineteenth century, I think into the twentieth century. 0:03:20.840 --> 0:03:23.320 They commonly cite it because I think some of Southern 0:03:23.320 --> 0:03:28.040 Europe was still using slaves after the US issue the 0:03:28.040 --> 0:03:31.080 Emancipation Proclamation. And but you know here in the U 0:03:31.120 --> 0:03:33.040 s it's like, oh, well that must have ended slavery 0:03:33.120 --> 0:03:37.360 everywhere because it was issued by the US. UM. Not so. 0:03:37.800 --> 0:03:41.760 But we understand West African slavery. You know, it's been studied, 0:03:41.760 --> 0:03:46.200 we we've we've discussed it before. UM. Modern slavery takes 0:03:46.240 --> 0:03:51.360 a it's just as insidious, but it takes different kinds 0:03:51.400 --> 0:03:55.640 of forms. Right, It's not just you know, being captured 0:03:55.760 --> 0:03:59.560 and then transported to work on a farm or a plantation, 0:03:59.600 --> 0:04:02.720 although that it still happens, right, And it doesn't necessarily 0:04:02.760 --> 0:04:07.000 mean even being transported across any sort of a border. Uh. 0:04:07.040 --> 0:04:12.920 A lot of US human slaves or human trafficked people's 0:04:13.000 --> 0:04:17.400 are Americans? Do you want to paint a story? A story? 0:04:17.400 --> 0:04:20.000 And the intro I thought this was pretty good illustration. Yeah, 0:04:20.000 --> 0:04:22.560 this was written by Molly, our old friend from Sminty 0:04:22.640 --> 0:04:25.480 who was gone on to uh, I hope greener pastors. 0:04:27.240 --> 0:04:29.240 So Molly wrote this and it's a good one, and 0:04:29.279 --> 0:04:31.440 she just she gives a little story here at the 0:04:31.480 --> 0:04:35.240 beginning on how this might work. Eastern European country, a 0:04:35.279 --> 0:04:38.360 woman might see a billboard that says, ay, come to Paris, 0:04:38.360 --> 0:04:40.520 to New York City to work as a waitress. She 0:04:40.560 --> 0:04:45.520 doesn't make much money, she doesn't have a lot going on. Yeah, exactly, 0:04:45.600 --> 0:04:49.000 let me go promises of something richer in another land. 0:04:49.520 --> 0:04:52.600 So she calls this number. She's told hey for just 0:04:52.680 --> 0:04:55.760 like three grand, which we may even front you. You 0:04:55.800 --> 0:04:58.080 can pay it back when you get here. We'll bring 0:04:58.120 --> 0:05:00.200 you over and you can get this great job and 0:05:00.200 --> 0:05:05.080 and started a new fantastic life. Once she gets here, however, Uh, 0:05:05.160 --> 0:05:07.280 she's not taken to a restaurant, but she may be 0:05:07.360 --> 0:05:10.120 taken to like a brothel. Let's say, a lot of 0:05:10.160 --> 0:05:13.960 times women and young girls are it's sex trafficking as 0:05:14.000 --> 0:05:18.880 opposed to labor trafficking. Yes, we should point out. Actually, 0:05:18.880 --> 0:05:22.359 the FBI says, I think the majority of girls and 0:05:22.400 --> 0:05:26.039 women are from Central America and Asia, and most boys 0:05:26.320 --> 0:05:28.760 and men are forcing to labor, but an increasing number 0:05:28.800 --> 0:05:32.760 of boys and men are working in the commercial sex industry. 0:05:33.320 --> 0:05:35.760 Oh yeah, Molly kind of made it sound like I 0:05:35.760 --> 0:05:38.640 think she used the pronouns she almost exclusively when she 0:05:38.680 --> 0:05:41.920 talked about sex trafficking. But there are plenty of men 0:05:41.960 --> 0:05:44.680 and boys in that too. So anyway she comes over, 0:05:44.800 --> 0:05:48.080 she's forced to work in a brothel as a prostitute 0:05:48.160 --> 0:05:51.479 or in the in porn or some other kind of 0:05:51.520 --> 0:05:56.560 sex industry, and basically is either blackmailed or coerced or 0:05:56.880 --> 0:06:00.520 beaten or drugged or all of the above, never is 0:06:01.000 --> 0:06:04.120 paid back or I'm sorry, she's never she's never working 0:06:04.160 --> 0:06:08.000 off the money, right, Basically, she's just there forever. And 0:06:08.040 --> 0:06:10.599 also even if she is working off the money, she 0:06:10.720 --> 0:06:13.920 may also be charged room and board in the brothel, 0:06:14.000 --> 0:06:16.440 which is probably about the biggest insult you could ever 0:06:16.760 --> 0:06:20.120 lay on somebody. Hey, we kidnapped you unfortune to prostitution, 0:06:20.360 --> 0:06:22.960 and we're charging you for this room that we're making 0:06:22.960 --> 0:06:25.440 you perform sex taxing, and the prices just go up 0:06:25.440 --> 0:06:27.280 and up on the room and board, so you're really 0:06:27.279 --> 0:06:30.760 not paying down your your loan right to get over here, 0:06:31.040 --> 0:06:34.680 and we have your passport, so good luck getting back anywhere, right. Um. 0:06:34.760 --> 0:06:40.360 She may also be funneled, I guess into um labor trafficking. 0:06:40.400 --> 0:06:43.839 There's two kinds of of human trafficking. There's sex trafficking 0:06:44.080 --> 0:06:48.560 and labor trafficking. And obviously, sex trafficking gets the most 0:06:48.600 --> 0:06:52.000 headlines because you know, the idea of sex slaves is 0:06:52.080 --> 0:06:57.960 just mind boggling. Labor trafficking is far more prevalent though, Um, 0:06:58.000 --> 0:07:01.240 it's somebody who you know entered the same situation may 0:07:01.320 --> 0:07:04.039 end up in a restaurant in Parison, New York, but 0:07:04.560 --> 0:07:06.760 as like a lion cook who's not really getting paid. 0:07:07.240 --> 0:07:11.240 Apparently the restaurant industry is rife with human trafficking as well. 0:07:11.360 --> 0:07:13.720 Atlanta is Did you know that? No, I didn't. Atlanta 0:07:14.080 --> 0:07:17.120 is one of the most major hubs in the United 0:07:17.120 --> 0:07:21.320 States were human trafficking. Did you get an idea of why? Uh? 0:07:21.600 --> 0:07:24.200 I don't know why, but I know that Grady Hospital 0:07:24.280 --> 0:07:27.880 here in town has UH recently stepped up efforts to 0:07:28.000 --> 0:07:32.840 recognize UH victims when they come in as patients, because 0:07:32.880 --> 0:07:36.040 one of the biggest issues, Molly points out, is is 0:07:36.160 --> 0:07:39.400 recognizing them even though they're in plain view. Like, we 0:07:39.480 --> 0:07:42.040 have probably come into contact with somebody at some point 0:07:42.080 --> 0:07:44.920 in Atlanta, whether it was you know, the bus boy 0:07:45.560 --> 0:07:48.960 or the you know, the quote unquote migrant worker you 0:07:49.000 --> 0:07:52.400 see working on a farm. Are you trying to tell 0:07:52.440 --> 0:07:56.240 me that you're being trafficked right now? Blink once if 0:07:56.760 --> 0:07:58.560 Jerry has a gun to my head, right and we'll 0:07:58.600 --> 0:08:00.840 get into the problems of why this isn't just an 0:08:00.840 --> 0:08:04.960 obvious problem. Um, but let's talk a little more about 0:08:05.000 --> 0:08:08.520 the two different types of trafficking. You talked about sex trafficking, 0:08:08.880 --> 0:08:13.280 which can be very lucrative. Um for the trafficker. The 0:08:13.320 --> 0:08:17.920 traffic key where the trafficked is not making any money whatsoever, 0:08:18.040 --> 0:08:24.080 is being fed whatever. Is a slave the trafficker. Uh. 0:08:24.240 --> 0:08:29.240 Molly used the UM use Bulgaria as an example. In Bulgaria, 0:08:29.360 --> 0:08:34.800 the average annual salaries about twenty dollars us UM in 0:08:35.080 --> 0:08:38.800 a year. That same year, Uh, a sex slave can 0:08:38.840 --> 0:08:45.600 make about three thousand, five hundred for a trafficker. Yeah. Um. Also, 0:08:45.720 --> 0:08:48.959 if you're diverted over to labor trafficking, you may end up, 0:08:49.000 --> 0:08:53.160 like we said, in a restaurant a mine. Agriculture is 0:08:53.160 --> 0:08:56.520 a big one matter of fact. Um, there's this group 0:08:56.559 --> 0:09:00.040 called sweat Free dot org, and a lot of the 0:09:00.160 --> 0:09:05.680 like anti sweat shop groups, pro union groups, and UM 0:09:05.760 --> 0:09:09.560 anti human trafficking groups all kind of form this ven 0:09:09.559 --> 0:09:12.880 diagram in the middle that has to do with sweat labor, 0:09:12.960 --> 0:09:17.400 forced labor and UM there's this group called sweat Free 0:09:17.440 --> 0:09:19.320 dot org. And if you ever want to shop with 0:09:19.360 --> 0:09:22.400 somebody that you a company that you know doesn't use 0:09:22.440 --> 0:09:25.680 sweat labor, so you can't possibly be using by buying 0:09:25.720 --> 0:09:28.920 a product that is made up with forced labor. You 0:09:28.960 --> 0:09:31.440 can um look up their shopping guide. But they also 0:09:31.480 --> 0:09:34.240 released a hall of Shame every year, and their two 0:09:34.280 --> 0:09:37.880 thou ten hall of Shame shamed um ll Bean, Jim 0:09:37.880 --> 0:09:42.920 Boree and Haynes for using use back cotton and uh 0:09:42.960 --> 0:09:47.080 apparently the Usbeki is stand government mandates that children as 0:09:47.120 --> 0:09:49.800 young as seven have to be forced to harvest the 0:09:49.840 --> 0:09:52.920 cotton in the fall rather than go to school. And 0:09:52.960 --> 0:09:54.880 a lot of these kids are like shuffled off to 0:09:55.000 --> 0:09:59.600 remote areas away from their homes. That's human trafficking, that's 0:09:59.720 --> 0:10:03.120 govern mandated. You know what really shocked me is that 0:10:03.280 --> 0:10:08.640 sometimes these people are sold two wealthy individuals. Yeah this 0:10:08.679 --> 0:10:12.360 one was awful who actually just used them as as 0:10:12.600 --> 0:10:16.800 house housemaids and housekeepers and cooks. I was just quote 0:10:16.840 --> 0:10:21.079 unquote respectable people. That's probably where sex trafficking and labor 0:10:21.120 --> 0:10:25.400 trafficking like collide. You know, yeah, I'm sure depending on 0:10:25.440 --> 0:10:27.480 the house you end up in, but yes, I'm sure 0:10:27.679 --> 0:10:32.520 did you see taking the lead obviously and that I'm 0:10:32.520 --> 0:10:34.360 sure that happens. But in that movie, it was very 0:10:34.440 --> 0:10:38.400 high end uh operation going on. It was but where 0:10:38.440 --> 0:10:41.040 the girl ended up was like a mind camp or 0:10:41.080 --> 0:10:43.800 something like that. Remember like the place like there was 0:10:43.840 --> 0:10:46.920 just ropes with like sheets hanging over that made this 0:10:46.960 --> 0:10:50.319 one room into smaller rooms or whatever. But Liam Neeson 0:10:50.360 --> 0:10:53.760 had a very particular set of skills. Luckily he's able 0:10:53.800 --> 0:10:59.360 to rescue his daughter. When did he become an action hero? UHW? 0:10:59.400 --> 0:11:03.760 What was the first one? Was it the Clone War one? Um? 0:11:05.040 --> 0:11:07.319 But I agree like all the suddenly a Neeson well 0:11:07.400 --> 0:11:10.440 dark man. Many years ago he was a but that 0:11:10.440 --> 0:11:12.960 that didn't like launch him into action movie guy. But 0:11:13.040 --> 0:11:15.400 now yeah he's a he's an a one butt kicker 0:11:15.400 --> 0:11:18.680 at this point. Good for him. Yeah, I like that 0:11:18.720 --> 0:11:22.400 movie actually taken. Yeah it was. This was good, pretty enjoyable. 0:11:22.679 --> 0:11:24.320 It was just I couldn't get past the fact that 0:11:24.360 --> 0:11:28.200 we were watching Liam Needson do this stuff. Give me, 0:11:28.280 --> 0:11:30.920 Daniel Craig, I can I can believe him? All right, 0:11:31.960 --> 0:11:34.520 let's get back to it, shall we? Uh we'd we'd. 0:11:34.679 --> 0:11:37.360 And obviously, if you're a sex slave, aside from just 0:11:37.520 --> 0:11:41.960 the trauma of being forced to perform sex acts like 0:11:42.200 --> 0:11:45.680 a dozen times a day on strangers, uh, they're obviously 0:11:45.720 --> 0:11:51.360 at risk for STDs violence from their johns or pimps. Uh, pregnancy, 0:11:51.559 --> 0:11:57.000 forced abortions, sterilization, for sterilization, all like a host of 0:11:57.040 --> 0:12:00.720 awful things which all add up to immense emotional trauma. 0:12:01.360 --> 0:12:05.120 And if you are in a labor slave, you are 0:12:06.000 --> 0:12:10.960 basically facing probably the worst um labor conditions that the 0:12:11.120 --> 0:12:13.600 person can come up with. Your they're not protected at 0:12:13.600 --> 0:12:16.560 all because you're not going to stand up and say anything. 0:12:17.000 --> 0:12:22.000 And why, Chuck, why would somebody endure this kind of 0:12:22.040 --> 0:12:25.199 life quietly? Because that's a big there's a big discussion 0:12:25.200 --> 0:12:28.360 about how many slaves, how many traffic people there are 0:12:28.440 --> 0:12:32.240 in the world, Um, because we really don't know, and 0:12:32.280 --> 0:12:34.160 a lot of people think that they're hiding in plain sight. 0:12:34.280 --> 0:12:39.480 Why well, because they could be drugged Like a lot 0:12:39.480 --> 0:12:42.360 of times in the in the sex industry, I read 0:12:43.000 --> 0:12:45.880 cases in like Oregon, in Seattle where they were they 0:12:45.920 --> 0:12:49.360 would get them addicted to crack cocaine. Remember in the 0:12:49.400 --> 0:12:52.200 Homelessness podcast we talked about that Florida labor camp that 0:12:52.240 --> 0:12:55.400 had a little company store that crack and like these 0:12:55.480 --> 0:12:58.959 these homeless people were in living lives of basically a 0:12:59.040 --> 0:13:03.640 ventured servitude. Right. Uh, blackmail might be another one, like hey, 0:13:03.679 --> 0:13:05.480 look we've got these pictures of you. Now we're gonna 0:13:05.520 --> 0:13:09.160 send them to your family, and that particularly insidious forcing 0:13:09.280 --> 0:13:11.920 of a woman into prostitution, taking pictures and then using 0:13:11.920 --> 0:13:15.400 those pictures to blackmailer. Yeah, and Molly points out a 0:13:15.400 --> 0:13:17.280 lot of times they may be from a country where 0:13:17.559 --> 0:13:19.960 I mean, it's never like that's a great thing for 0:13:20.040 --> 0:13:22.640 your family, But they may be from a country where it's, 0:13:23.160 --> 0:13:25.520 you know, all of a sudden, the family is you know, 0:13:25.840 --> 0:13:28.760 outcasts from their village and like great shame is brought 0:13:28.800 --> 0:13:31.360 upon their family name and they don't want that. Or 0:13:31.400 --> 0:13:33.360 like we said, they may not have if they had 0:13:33.400 --> 0:13:36.480 travel documents to begin with, they snatch those. They may 0:13:36.480 --> 0:13:38.600 not speak the language, so what are you gonna do? 0:13:38.960 --> 0:13:42.440 Plus also you've got the threat of violence almost always 0:13:43.120 --> 0:13:48.120 um or actual violence. Uh so, Yeah, there's three three 0:13:48.240 --> 0:13:52.800 terms that basically um legal definitions almost always used to 0:13:52.880 --> 0:13:56.360 describe human trafficking and how it's carried out. It's forced 0:13:56.360 --> 0:14:00.720 fraud and coercion and forces the like you said, ugs, 0:14:00.760 --> 0:14:03.640 the use of drugs. Well maybe they're kidnapped out right, right, 0:14:04.280 --> 0:14:10.360 sleep deprivation, food deprivation, physical abuse, rape, um and then 0:14:10.880 --> 0:14:17.800 even having guards guard you. Um, I guess that that intimidates, 0:14:17.920 --> 0:14:20.760 but it also implies the threat of violence as well, 0:14:21.080 --> 0:14:26.240 So let's force. There's um coercion. Yeah, we kind of 0:14:26.280 --> 0:14:30.200 already covered fraud, which was getting someone here under false pretense, right, 0:14:30.320 --> 0:14:32.560 but I think probably a lot um one of the 0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:35.800 ways you talked about the billboard, right, and the girl 0:14:35.840 --> 0:14:38.560 calls herself. There's also a lot of human traffickers that 0:14:38.600 --> 0:14:40.320 will go to poor families and be like, hey, you 0:14:40.400 --> 0:14:43.680 love your kid, right, we can get your kid over 0:14:43.720 --> 0:14:46.080 to America where they're going to get an education. And 0:14:46.120 --> 0:14:49.040 there's like this, there's people over there that like sponsored 0:14:49.160 --> 0:14:51.200 kids and like, your kid can go live with them 0:14:51.440 --> 0:14:54.440 families really nice. Your kid will be educated, come back 0:14:54.480 --> 0:14:56.680 and take care of you in your older years. Don't 0:14:56.680 --> 0:14:58.280 you want your kids to do that? We'll take them 0:14:58.320 --> 0:15:04.240 for free. Right. The family doesn't realize that that once 0:15:04.320 --> 0:15:08.120 they find out that this was all fraudulent, they already 0:15:08.160 --> 0:15:11.240 agreed to letting their their the person take their kid. 0:15:11.800 --> 0:15:15.800 They don't realize that under any law, it's that's invalid 0:15:15.840 --> 0:15:19.280 immediately because it was that agreement was reached under fraud 0:15:19.360 --> 0:15:22.360 or deception. Well, and they're probably not any where where 0:15:22.440 --> 0:15:24.880 they can legitimately get in touch with them anyway. I 0:15:24.960 --> 0:15:26.760 doubt if they do that then give them like the 0:15:26.840 --> 0:15:31.920 real address while they'd be staying exactly so that basically 0:15:31.960 --> 0:15:37.560 the kid is not technically kidnapped, but virtually kidnapped. Yeah, um, 0:15:37.600 --> 0:15:42.800 And yeah coercion was also blackmail. Um Yeah, I get 0:15:42.840 --> 0:15:45.760 the idea too that a lot of this these threats 0:15:45.880 --> 0:15:51.600 are empty threats, but the traffic e doesn't understand that, 0:15:52.240 --> 0:15:54.000 Like I doubt a lot of times I doubt if 0:15:54.040 --> 0:15:57.040 they would take the time to send their family a 0:15:57.080 --> 0:16:00.480 photo and their village back home. It's just an threat 0:16:00.560 --> 0:16:02.200 that that you know, they don't know that they're not 0:16:02.200 --> 0:16:04.400 gonna follow through on it, right, or they might politro 0:16:04.480 --> 0:16:09.040 on it. Um. Because of all of these things though, coercion, 0:16:09.840 --> 0:16:14.800 physical abuse, drugs, shame, guilt, like all this stuff comes together, 0:16:14.840 --> 0:16:17.880 like you said, to form some like serious emotional and 0:16:18.200 --> 0:16:22.240 psychological problems for the person who's been kidnapped enforcing into 0:16:22.280 --> 0:16:25.480 this life and is held in this life. They got 0:16:25.520 --> 0:16:28.120 like no power, right, and they were probably not very 0:16:28.120 --> 0:16:31.160 empowered to begin with, or they wouldn't have been coercion 0:16:31.160 --> 0:16:33.880 in that kind of situation. Right. Well, that's that's a 0:16:33.880 --> 0:16:36.200 big debate that's going on It's like, how can you 0:16:36.240 --> 0:16:40.440 ever eradicate human trafficking if you don't first eradicate poverty. 0:16:40.480 --> 0:16:44.240 Poverty that's so, I mean, that's a big question too, 0:16:44.400 --> 0:16:47.520 which will probably never happen. But so you have these people, 0:16:47.600 --> 0:16:51.480 you have just people who are um not in a 0:16:51.600 --> 0:16:57.560 great state, and when we encounter them, normals, people who 0:16:57.600 --> 0:17:02.200 are not being enslaved encounter them, we might just look 0:17:02.280 --> 0:17:04.960 right past a lot of really obvious signs because number 0:17:04.960 --> 0:17:06.840 when they're keeping their mouth shut, which is probably the 0:17:06.840 --> 0:17:10.400 biggest problem of all um. But number two, we may 0:17:10.480 --> 0:17:14.080 also see them a victim as a criminal because they're 0:17:14.160 --> 0:17:17.880 involved in criminal acts. It wouldn't really dawn on us 0:17:17.920 --> 0:17:20.040 to think, well, wait a minute, Rember, they're being forced 0:17:20.080 --> 0:17:24.160 into these criminal acts. Well, and Molly's examples were great, 0:17:24.240 --> 0:17:28.280 Like you see the teenage girl in the street that's obviously, 0:17:28.440 --> 0:17:30.880 you know, a prostitute, and you may turn your nose 0:17:30.960 --> 0:17:32.600 up and say, I mean, you know, look at that girl, 0:17:32.720 --> 0:17:35.080 she's trouble. Or look at that migrant worker in the 0:17:35.080 --> 0:17:37.880 field of you know, I bet he's an illegal, shouldn't 0:17:37.880 --> 0:17:40.280 even be in this country working. You might be looking 0:17:40.320 --> 0:17:44.920 at victims instead of criminals, um, and not just society 0:17:44.960 --> 0:17:47.920 at large, but apparently law enforcement is not very well 0:17:47.960 --> 0:17:53.359 trained to recognize um, the human traffic. That is true. 0:17:54.080 --> 0:17:55.880 I went to the FBI site and they said, that's 0:17:55.920 --> 0:17:58.520 one of the biggest things that they're working on is 0:17:58.640 --> 0:18:03.240 educating local law enforcement officers, like when they bust a 0:18:03.280 --> 0:18:06.359 prostitution ring, don't just throw them all in jail, like, 0:18:06.440 --> 0:18:09.239 investigate it on a case by case basis. Right. So 0:18:09.280 --> 0:18:13.119 you've got victims who are too scared to talk, you 0:18:13.160 --> 0:18:17.080 have um society that as society, and law enforcement that 0:18:17.480 --> 0:18:21.679 immediately deems some criminals. So you have this idea that 0:18:21.760 --> 0:18:24.800 there's a really big problem out there, but no real 0:18:24.920 --> 0:18:29.119 idea of exactly how big it is. Right. So here's 0:18:29.119 --> 0:18:30.920 where the numbers kind of come in. Like we said, 0:18:30.960 --> 0:18:33.440 the U S and the U N say that there's 0:18:33.480 --> 0:18:38.800 about twelve point three million adults and children worldwide, right 0:18:39.119 --> 0:18:42.080 and around the world. Yeah, but the problem is is 0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:45.560 that in two thousand nine, there were only um like 0:18:45.640 --> 0:18:54.000 forty three hundred, forty and sixty six successful trafficking prosecution prosecutions. Yeah. 0:18:54.280 --> 0:18:56.240 I went to the FBI site and they have they 0:18:56.280 --> 0:19:00.359 started the Human Smuggling Trafficking Center and two thousand four. Yeah, 0:19:00.840 --> 0:19:03.520 and they were touting. I'm not saying they're not doing 0:19:03.520 --> 0:19:05.840 a good job, but they were touting, get touting. In 0:19:05.880 --> 0:19:08.760 two thousand four, they had eighty six investigations going on, 0:19:09.240 --> 0:19:11.200 and they doubled that by two thousand nine to a 0:19:11.280 --> 0:19:15.480 hundred and sixty seven. That's a hundred and sixty seven investigations. 0:19:15.480 --> 0:19:18.119 If you've got what they say about like fifteen thousand 0:19:18.400 --> 0:19:20.680 in the U. S. Alone, well, that's another number that's 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:25.800 hotly contested. So apparently Congress heard that there was fifty 0:19:25.880 --> 0:19:28.680 thousand slaves that were brought into the US every year 0:19:29.280 --> 0:19:34.720 and apparently that came from CIA estimates. Um, that really 0:19:34.800 --> 0:19:37.280 kind of got the charge going against human trafficking, Like 0:19:37.600 --> 0:19:42.800 that number is just incredible, right, especially just coming into 0:19:42.800 --> 0:19:46.160 the U. S. Alone. So that guy at everybody on board, 0:19:46.200 --> 0:19:50.880 including George W. Bush Um got some some laws enacted. 0:19:50.920 --> 0:19:54.240 There's the UM oh which one is it, chuck, The 0:19:54.640 --> 0:19:59.919 one we passed in two thousand um the Trafficking Victim 0:20:00.080 --> 0:20:03.480 Protection Act. And then that same year the UN past 0:20:03.520 --> 0:20:06.840 the Palermo Protocols. So that was like a big moment 0:20:06.920 --> 0:20:11.320 for human trafficking, right, um or I should say combating 0:20:11.400 --> 0:20:16.560 human trafficking UM. And then the numbers were downgraded in 0:20:16.600 --> 0:20:20.080 two thousand four to something like UM fourteen thousand, five 0:20:20.160 --> 0:20:23.360 hundred and seven to seventeen thousand, five hundred and then 0:20:23.680 --> 0:20:27.600 people think even those numbers are high. Right. Then a 0:20:28.040 --> 0:20:34.199 New York Times magazine writer named Peter Landerman Landisman, he 0:20:34.240 --> 0:20:37.960 wrote an article called UM, I Think the sex Slaves 0:20:38.000 --> 0:20:40.919 next Door for the Girl's next Door. I can't remember 0:20:40.920 --> 0:20:44.359 which what it was called, but UM. In his article, 0:20:45.400 --> 0:20:49.400 it just created this huge firestorm. It was like one 0:20:49.400 --> 0:20:52.959 of those twelve page long articles and like he was 0:20:53.040 --> 0:20:57.320 doing a lot of really good investigative journalism. There was 0:20:57.359 --> 0:20:59.639 this interview with this one girl who had been sold 0:20:59.720 --> 0:21:04.359 for from Mexico at like age four, UM, and I've 0:21:04.400 --> 0:21:07.879 been living as a sex slave ever since. And like UM. 0:21:07.960 --> 0:21:11.000 People started digging into the article and we're like, wait 0:21:11.040 --> 0:21:14.440 a minute, this sounds a lot like you know, urban legend. 0:21:15.280 --> 0:21:18.520 Some of like the details about you know, how people 0:21:18.520 --> 0:21:22.360 are coming from Mexico into the US or kind of spotty, 0:21:22.480 --> 0:21:24.680 like if they're going by boat, there's really no good 0:21:24.720 --> 0:21:28.600 place to land in the US. UM. There is a 0:21:28.640 --> 0:21:32.320 lot of problems with it. And he even said ten 0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:34.600 thousand so he had the lowest number so far, and 0:21:34.640 --> 0:21:37.600 even that has been torn apart. And part of the 0:21:37.640 --> 0:21:42.159 problem that was raised by Peter Landisman's UM article and 0:21:42.200 --> 0:21:49.560 its reception is that if you conflate inflate the numbers 0:21:49.720 --> 0:21:52.440 the figures too much and then it's shown that you're 0:21:52.480 --> 0:21:57.600 off big time, then it comes across a hysterical and alarmist. 0:21:58.280 --> 0:22:00.800 But if the numbers are too low, then you risk 0:22:00.920 --> 0:22:03.280 not being able to generate enough interest to really do 0:22:03.320 --> 0:22:05.720 something about the people who are in slave right. And 0:22:05.760 --> 0:22:08.359 it's hard to pinpoint at period because if they knew, 0:22:09.119 --> 0:22:12.639 then they would be doing something about it. Only twenty 0:22:12.680 --> 0:22:15.640 seven states and that's the latest number I have. Uh, 0:22:16.200 --> 0:22:18.439 it maybe more, but I saw twenty seven states have 0:22:18.640 --> 0:22:23.760 anti trafficking legislation. Is that it Yeah, that's crazy. So 0:22:23.840 --> 0:22:27.240 I mean the rest it's technically legal or surely there's 0:22:27.320 --> 0:22:29.639 laws that you're breaking. Yeah, I don't think it's legal, 0:22:29.680 --> 0:22:34.440 but it's not just trafficking specific legislation. Yeah, So we're 0:22:34.480 --> 0:22:36.160 kind of it seems like we're at a period where 0:22:36.200 --> 0:22:38.000 we realized that there's a real problem, but we don't 0:22:38.000 --> 0:22:39.359 know how big it is and we don't know what 0:22:39.440 --> 0:22:43.199 to do about it. Yet one guy, Nicholas Kristoff. You 0:22:43.240 --> 0:22:46.919 read New York Times, So kristof smart guy. He did 0:22:47.040 --> 0:22:49.920 something in two thousand four that was pretty amazing. Yeah, 0:22:50.040 --> 0:22:55.680 he decided to purchase the freedom of to Cambodian prostitutes. Yeah, 0:22:55.680 --> 0:22:59.200 he went to Cambodian did it, which is very controversial because, 0:22:59.240 --> 0:23:02.639 as Molly points out, it still perpetuates the idea that 0:23:02.680 --> 0:23:05.520 you can buy and sell a human life, even though 0:23:05.520 --> 0:23:07.600 he was doing it for the good, still sort of 0:23:07.600 --> 0:23:11.040 playing ball in a way, And a lot of people 0:23:11.080 --> 0:23:12.600 say it didn't do a lot of good anyway, because 0:23:12.600 --> 0:23:15.840 these people aren't prepared for the quote unquote real world. 0:23:15.880 --> 0:23:18.200 So one of them did kind of escape that life, 0:23:18.240 --> 0:23:20.320 and the other went right back to it. Yeah. Um, 0:23:20.680 --> 0:23:25.199 the one that he paid more for two three dollars. Um, 0:23:25.320 --> 0:23:28.440 she went back to it, and she was very reluctant 0:23:28.440 --> 0:23:31.560 to come out in the first place. Um, she kind 0:23:31.560 --> 0:23:35.199 of dragged her feet. And even her owner, I guess, 0:23:35.600 --> 0:23:39.400 the madam that ran them brothel and literally owned this woman, Um, 0:23:39.640 --> 0:23:42.280 was like, you should really take this man's offer and 0:23:42.520 --> 0:23:45.600 leave right now because this is never gonna happen again. 0:23:46.080 --> 0:23:49.800 She went back. Wow, because she was institutionalized as the 0:23:49.840 --> 0:23:51.520 way to put it. She didn't know if her village 0:23:51.520 --> 0:23:54.560