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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff You Should Know

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Speaker 1: from housetop Works dot Com. Hey, I'm welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark. The cross from me is always as

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Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and that makes this stuff you

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Speaker 1: should know, not bush league. No, we've been doing this

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Speaker 1: way too long. Not bush league. We're pioneers, man, are

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Speaker 1: we Probably we're like riding the coat tails of Adam Curry.

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Speaker 1: That's right, Yeah, long supple doublety coat tails of Adam Curry.

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Speaker 1: I'm happy to be on them. Sure, he's great, man,

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Speaker 1: I'm not making fun of him at all. Well, don't

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Speaker 1: make it sound like I am. You're not one of

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Speaker 1: those guys who just says something like uncool to be

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Speaker 1: ironic and have it be cool. No, And I'm glad

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Speaker 1: you brought that up because I posted a Kenny g

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Speaker 1: song on our Facebook page and I wasn't trying to

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Speaker 1: be ironic. I wasn't trying to be cool. It's a

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Speaker 1: good song. Yeah, it's as simple as that. Like when

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Speaker 1: you go see Dolly Parton, It's not to be ironic.

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Speaker 1: It's because you like Dolly Parton exactly. All right, thank you,

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Speaker 1: I just want to clear that up. The same goes

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Speaker 1: for Ronnie Millsap by the way, he's class act um

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Speaker 1: one of mine and Nami's friends. Adam was like, who's

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Speaker 1: that cat that you listen to? He was always wearing

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Speaker 1: the sunglasses his country, and Umi was like, Ronnie Millsap.

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Speaker 1: He's like, yeah, I was like, he's blind man, that's

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Speaker 1: why he's always wearing the sunglasses. Adam, Adam, Adam, Adam, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: who was engaged. Congratulations Yes, congratulations to Adam and Serena.

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Speaker 1: So human trafficking work. Yeah, we might as well have

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Speaker 1: gotten the light stuff out of the way because this

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Speaker 1: will be another joke free podcast. This is a I

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Speaker 1: don't know about joke free. We don't pull off joke

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Speaker 1: free very well, but we um, this is heavy. It's

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Speaker 1: one of our heavier ones. Is up there with like homelessness,

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Speaker 1: uh and um and off requested. Yeah, this one's been

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Speaker 1: asked for a lot. We're finally doing it. Um. And

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Speaker 1: Human trafficking is not to be confused with the movie

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Speaker 1: about raves from the nineties called Human Traffic has absolutely

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Speaker 1: nothing to do with one another. Human trafficking is basically

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Speaker 1: another term for modern slavery. Uh. And apparently I want

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Speaker 1: to bust out a an unquantified stat that's my forte Yes,

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Speaker 1: they're supposedly more slaves in the world right now than

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Speaker 1: there ever have been. That is true. I looked that

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Speaker 1: up just to be sure, and I did not get

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Speaker 1: a number, but they said there are more. Well, I

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Speaker 1: think they said more than twelve million, is what the

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Speaker 1: u N says. The State Department said, uh in two

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Speaker 1: thousand and ten and their reported human trafficking they cited

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Speaker 1: something like seventeen twelve point three towel point three. So

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Speaker 1: the the U S and the u N and I

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Speaker 1: guess are using the same number. Looks like it. Um,

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Speaker 1: that's a lot of slaves and sad very sad um.

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Speaker 1: So let's okay. We I think everybody has a pretty

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Speaker 1: good understanding of how um West Africa became the slave

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Speaker 1: capital of the world and from about what the sixteenth

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Speaker 1: to the nineteenth century, I think into the twentieth century.

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Speaker 1: They commonly cite it because I think some of Southern

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Speaker 1: Europe was still using slaves after the US issue the

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Speaker 1: Emancipation Proclamation. And but you know here in the U

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Speaker 1: s it's like, oh, well that must have ended slavery

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Speaker 1: everywhere because it was issued by the US. UM. Not so.

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Speaker 1: But we understand West African slavery. You know, it's been studied,

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Speaker 1: we we've we've discussed it before. UM. Modern slavery takes

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Speaker 1: a it's just as insidious, but it takes different kinds

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Speaker 1: of forms. Right, It's not just you know, being captured

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Speaker 1: and then transported to work on a farm or a plantation,

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Speaker 1: although that it still happens, right, And it doesn't necessarily

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Speaker 1: mean even being transported across any sort of a border. Uh.

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Speaker 1: A lot of US human slaves or human trafficked people's

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Speaker 1: are Americans? Do you want to paint a story? A story?

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Speaker 1: And the intro I thought this was pretty good illustration. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this was written by Molly, our old friend from Sminty

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Speaker 1: who was gone on to uh, I hope greener pastors.

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Speaker 1: So Molly wrote this and it's a good one, and

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Speaker 1: she just she gives a little story here at the

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Speaker 1: beginning on how this might work. Eastern European country, a

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Speaker 1: woman might see a billboard that says, ay, come to Paris,

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Speaker 1: to New York City to work as a waitress. She

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Speaker 1: doesn't make much money, she doesn't have a lot going on. Yeah, exactly,

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Speaker 1: let me go promises of something richer in another land.

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Speaker 1: So she calls this number. She's told hey for just

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Speaker 1: like three grand, which we may even front you. You

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Speaker 1: can pay it back when you get here. We'll bring

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Speaker 1: you over and you can get this great job and

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Speaker 1: and started a new fantastic life. Once she gets here, however, Uh,

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Speaker 1: she's not taken to a restaurant, but she may be

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Speaker 1: taken to like a brothel. Let's say, a lot of

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Speaker 1: times women and young girls are it's sex trafficking as

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Speaker 1: opposed to labor trafficking. Yes, we should point out. Actually,

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Speaker 1: the FBI says, I think the majority of girls and

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Speaker 1: women are from Central America and Asia, and most boys

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Speaker 1: and men are forcing to labor, but an increasing number

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Speaker 1: of boys and men are working in the commercial sex industry.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Molly kind of made it sound like I

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Speaker 1: think she used the pronouns she almost exclusively when she

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Speaker 1: talked about sex trafficking. But there are plenty of men

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Speaker 1: and boys in that too. So anyway she comes over,

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Speaker 1: she's forced to work in a brothel as a prostitute

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Speaker 1: or in the in porn or some other kind of

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Speaker 1: sex industry, and basically is either blackmailed or coerced or

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Speaker 1: beaten or drugged or all of the above, never is

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Speaker 1: paid back or I'm sorry, she's never she's never working

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Speaker 1: off the money, right, Basically, she's just there forever. And

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Speaker 1: also even if she is working off the money, she

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Speaker 1: may also be charged room and board in the brothel,

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Speaker 1: which is probably about the biggest insult you could ever

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Speaker 1: lay on somebody. Hey, we kidnapped you unfortune to prostitution,

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Speaker 1: and we're charging you for this room that we're making

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Speaker 1: you perform sex taxing, and the prices just go up

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Speaker 1: and up on the room and board, so you're really

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Speaker 1: not paying down your your loan right to get over here,

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Speaker 1: and we have your passport, so good luck getting back anywhere, right. Um.

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Speaker 1: She may also be funneled, I guess into um labor trafficking.

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Speaker 1: There's two kinds of of human trafficking. There's sex trafficking

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Speaker 1: and labor trafficking. And obviously, sex trafficking gets the most

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Speaker 1: headlines because you know, the idea of sex slaves is

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Speaker 1: just mind boggling. Labor trafficking is far more prevalent though, Um,

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Speaker 1: it's somebody who you know entered the same situation may

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Speaker 1: end up in a restaurant in Parison, New York, but

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Speaker 1: as like a lion cook who's not really getting paid.

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Speaker 1: Apparently the restaurant industry is rife with human trafficking as well.

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Speaker 1: Atlanta is Did you know that? No, I didn't. Atlanta

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Speaker 1: is one of the most major hubs in the United

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Speaker 1: States were human trafficking. Did you get an idea of why? Uh?

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Speaker 1: I don't know why, but I know that Grady Hospital

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Speaker 1: here in town has UH recently stepped up efforts to

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Speaker 1: recognize UH victims when they come in as patients, because

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Speaker 1: one of the biggest issues, Molly points out, is is

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Speaker 1: recognizing them even though they're in plain view. Like, we

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Speaker 1: have probably come into contact with somebody at some point

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Speaker 1: in Atlanta, whether it was you know, the bus boy

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Speaker 1: or the you know, the quote unquote migrant worker you

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Speaker 1: see working on a farm. Are you trying to tell

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Speaker 1: me that you're being trafficked right now? Blink once if

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Speaker 1: Jerry has a gun to my head, right and we'll

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Speaker 1: get into the problems of why this isn't just an

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Speaker 1: obvious problem. Um, but let's talk a little more about

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Speaker 1: the two different types of trafficking. You talked about sex trafficking,

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Speaker 1: which can be very lucrative. Um for the trafficker. The

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Speaker 1: traffic key where the trafficked is not making any money whatsoever,

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Speaker 1: is being fed whatever. Is a slave the trafficker. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Molly used the UM use Bulgaria as an example. In Bulgaria,

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Speaker 1: the average annual salaries about twenty dollars us UM in

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Speaker 1: a year. That same year, Uh, a sex slave can

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Speaker 1: make about three thousand, five hundred for a trafficker. Yeah. Um. Also,

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Speaker 1: if you're diverted over to labor trafficking, you may end up,

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Speaker 1: like we said, in a restaurant a mine. Agriculture is

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Speaker 1: a big one matter of fact. Um, there's this group

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Speaker 1: called sweat Free dot org, and a lot of the

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Speaker 1: like anti sweat shop groups, pro union groups, and UM

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Speaker 1: anti human trafficking groups all kind of form this ven

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Speaker 1: diagram in the middle that has to do with sweat labor,

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Speaker 1: forced labor and UM there's this group called sweat Free

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Speaker 1: dot org. And if you ever want to shop with

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Speaker 1: somebody that you a company that you know doesn't use

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Speaker 1: sweat labor, so you can't possibly be using by buying

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Speaker 1: a product that is made up with forced labor. You

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Speaker 1: can um look up their shopping guide. But they also

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Speaker 1: released a hall of Shame every year, and their two

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Speaker 1: thou ten hall of Shame shamed um ll Bean, Jim

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Speaker 1: Boree and Haynes for using use back cotton and uh

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Speaker 1: apparently the Usbeki is stand government mandates that children as

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Speaker 1: young as seven have to be forced to harvest the

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Speaker 1: cotton in the fall rather than go to school. And

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Speaker 1: a lot of these kids are like shuffled off to

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Speaker 1: remote areas away from their homes. That's human trafficking, that's

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Speaker 1: govern mandated. You know what really shocked me is that

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Speaker 1: sometimes these people are sold two wealthy individuals. Yeah this

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Speaker 1: one was awful who actually just used them as as

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Speaker 1: house housemaids and housekeepers and cooks. I was just quote

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Speaker 1: unquote respectable people. That's probably where sex trafficking and labor

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Speaker 1: trafficking like collide. You know, yeah, I'm sure depending on

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Speaker 1: the house you end up in, but yes, I'm sure

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Speaker 1: did you see taking the lead obviously and that I'm

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Speaker 1: sure that happens. But in that movie, it was very

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Speaker 1: high end uh operation going on. It was but where

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Speaker 1: the girl ended up was like a mind camp or

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Speaker 1: something like that. Remember like the place like there was

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Speaker 1: just ropes with like sheets hanging over that made this

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Speaker 1: one room into smaller rooms or whatever. But Liam Neeson

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Speaker 1: had a very particular set of skills. Luckily he's able

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Speaker 1: to rescue his daughter. When did he become an action hero? UHW?

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Speaker 1: What was the first one? Was it the Clone War one? Um?

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Speaker 1: But I agree like all the suddenly a Neeson well

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Speaker 1: dark man. Many years ago he was a but that

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Speaker 1: that didn't like launch him into action movie guy. But

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Speaker 1: now yeah he's a he's an a one butt kicker

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Speaker 1: at this point. Good for him. Yeah, I like that

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Speaker 1: movie actually taken. Yeah it was. This was good, pretty enjoyable.

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Speaker 1: It was just I couldn't get past the fact that

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Speaker 1: we were watching Liam Needson do this stuff. Give me,

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Speaker 1: Daniel Craig, I can I can believe him? All right,

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Speaker 1: let's get back to it, shall we? Uh we'd we'd.

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Speaker 1: And obviously, if you're a sex slave, aside from just

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Speaker 1: the trauma of being forced to perform sex acts like

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Speaker 1: a dozen times a day on strangers, uh, they're obviously

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Speaker 1: at risk for STDs violence from their johns or pimps. Uh, pregnancy,

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Speaker 1: forced abortions, sterilization, for sterilization, all like a host of

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Speaker 1: awful things which all add up to immense emotional trauma.

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Speaker 1: And if you are in a labor slave, you are

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Speaker 1: basically facing probably the worst um labor conditions that the

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Speaker 1: person can come up with. Your they're not protected at

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Speaker 1: all because you're not going to stand up and say anything.

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Speaker 1: And why, Chuck, why would somebody endure this kind of

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Speaker 1: life quietly? Because that's a big there's a big discussion

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Speaker 1: about how many slaves, how many traffic people there are

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Speaker 1: in the world, Um, because we really don't know, and

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Speaker 1: a lot of people think that they're hiding in plain sight.

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Speaker 1: Why well, because they could be drugged Like a lot

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Speaker 1: of times in the in the sex industry, I read

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Speaker 1: cases in like Oregon, in Seattle where they were they

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Speaker 1: would get them addicted to crack cocaine. Remember in the

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Speaker 1: Homelessness podcast we talked about that Florida labor camp that

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Speaker 1: had a little company store that crack and like these

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Speaker 1: these homeless people were in living lives of basically a

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Speaker 1: ventured servitude. Right. Uh, blackmail might be another one, like hey,

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Speaker 1: look we've got these pictures of you. Now we're gonna

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Speaker 1: send them to your family, and that particularly insidious forcing

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Speaker 1: of a woman into prostitution, taking pictures and then using

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Speaker 1: those pictures to blackmailer. Yeah, and Molly points out a

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Speaker 1: lot of times they may be from a country where

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Speaker 1: I mean, it's never like that's a great thing for

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Speaker 1: your family, But they may be from a country where it's,

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Speaker 1: you know, all of a sudden, the family is you know,

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Speaker 1: outcasts from their village and like great shame is brought

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Speaker 1: upon their family name and they don't want that. Or

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Speaker 1: like we said, they may not have if they had

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Speaker 1: travel documents to begin with, they snatch those. They may

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Speaker 1: not speak the language, so what are you gonna do?

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Speaker 1: Plus also you've got the threat of violence almost always

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Speaker 1: um or actual violence. Uh so, Yeah, there's three three

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Speaker 1: terms that basically um legal definitions almost always used to

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Speaker 1: describe human trafficking and how it's carried out. It's forced

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Speaker 1: fraud and coercion and forces the like you said, ugs,

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Speaker 1: the use of drugs. Well maybe they're kidnapped out right, right,

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Speaker 1: sleep deprivation, food deprivation, physical abuse, rape, um and then

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Speaker 1: even having guards guard you. Um, I guess that that intimidates,

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Speaker 1: but it also implies the threat of violence as well,

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Speaker 1: So let's force. There's um coercion. Yeah, we kind of

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Speaker 1: already covered fraud, which was getting someone here under false pretense, right,

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Speaker 1: but I think probably a lot um one of the

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Speaker 1: ways you talked about the billboard, right, and the girl

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Speaker 1: calls herself. There's also a lot of human traffickers that

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Speaker 1: will go to poor families and be like, hey, you

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Speaker 1: love your kid, right, we can get your kid over

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Speaker 1: to America where they're going to get an education. And

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Speaker 1: there's like this, there's people over there that like sponsored

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Speaker 1: kids and like, your kid can go live with them

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Speaker 1: families really nice. Your kid will be educated, come back

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Speaker 1: and take care of you in your older years. Don't

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Speaker 1: you want your kids to do that? We'll take them

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Speaker 1: for free. Right. The family doesn't realize that that once

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Speaker 1: they find out that this was all fraudulent, they already

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Speaker 1: agreed to letting their their the person take their kid.

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Speaker 1: They don't realize that under any law, it's that's invalid

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Speaker 1: immediately because it was that agreement was reached under fraud

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Speaker 1: or deception. Well, and they're probably not any where where

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Speaker 1: they can legitimately get in touch with them anyway. I

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Speaker 1: doubt if they do that then give them like the

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Speaker 1: real address while they'd be staying exactly so that basically

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Speaker 1: the kid is not technically kidnapped, but virtually kidnapped. Yeah, um,

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Speaker 1: And yeah coercion was also blackmail. Um Yeah, I get

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Speaker 1: the idea too that a lot of this these threats

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Speaker 1: are empty threats, but the traffic e doesn't understand that,

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Speaker 1: Like I doubt a lot of times I doubt if

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Speaker 1: they would take the time to send their family a

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Speaker 1: photo and their village back home. It's just an threat

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Speaker 1: that that you know, they don't know that they're not

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Speaker 1: gonna follow through on it, right, or they might politro

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Speaker 1: on it. Um. Because of all of these things though, coercion,

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Speaker 1: physical abuse, drugs, shame, guilt, like all this stuff comes together,

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Speaker 1: like you said, to form some like serious emotional and

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Speaker 1: psychological problems for the person who's been kidnapped enforcing into

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Speaker 1: this life and is held in this life. They got

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Speaker 1: like no power, right, and they were probably not very

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Speaker 1: empowered to begin with, or they wouldn't have been coercion

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Speaker 1: in that kind of situation. Right. Well, that's that's a

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Speaker 1: big debate that's going on It's like, how can you

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Speaker 1: ever eradicate human trafficking if you don't first eradicate poverty.

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Speaker 1: Poverty that's so, I mean, that's a big question too,

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Speaker 1: which will probably never happen. But so you have these people,

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Speaker 1: you have just people who are um not in a

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Speaker 1: great state, and when we encounter them, normals, people who

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Speaker 1: are not being enslaved encounter them, we might just look

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Speaker 1: right past a lot of really obvious signs because number

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Speaker 1: when they're keeping their mouth shut, which is probably the

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Speaker 1: biggest problem of all um. But number two, we may

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Speaker 1: also see them a victim as a criminal because they're

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Speaker 1: involved in criminal acts. It wouldn't really dawn on us

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Speaker 1: to think, well, wait a minute, Rember, they're being forced

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Speaker 1: into these criminal acts. Well, and Molly's examples were great,

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Speaker 1: Like you see the teenage girl in the street that's obviously,

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Speaker 1: you know, a prostitute, and you may turn your nose

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Speaker 1: up and say, I mean, you know, look at that girl,

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Speaker 1: she's trouble. Or look at that migrant worker in the

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Speaker 1: field of you know, I bet he's an illegal, shouldn't

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Speaker 1: even be in this country working. You might be looking

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Speaker 1: at victims instead of criminals, um, and not just society

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Speaker 1: at large, but apparently law enforcement is not very well

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Speaker 1: trained to recognize um, the human traffic. That is true.

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Speaker 1: I went to the FBI site and they said, that's

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Speaker 1: one of the biggest things that they're working on is

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Speaker 1: educating local law enforcement officers, like when they bust a

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Speaker 1: prostitution ring, don't just throw them all in jail, like,

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Speaker 1: investigate it on a case by case basis. Right. So

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Speaker 1: you've got victims who are too scared to talk, you

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Speaker 1: have um society that as society, and law enforcement that

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Speaker 1: immediately deems some criminals. So you have this idea that

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Speaker 1: there's a really big problem out there, but no real

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Speaker 1: idea of exactly how big it is. Right. So here's

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Speaker 1: where the numbers kind of come in. Like we said,

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Speaker 1: the U S and the U N say that there's

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Speaker 1: about twelve point three million adults and children worldwide, right

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Speaker 1: and around the world. Yeah, but the problem is is

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Speaker 1: that in two thousand nine, there were only um like

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Speaker 1: forty three hundred, forty and sixty six successful trafficking prosecution prosecutions. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I went to the FBI site and they have they

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Speaker 1: started the Human Smuggling Trafficking Center and two thousand four. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they were touting. I'm not saying they're not doing

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Speaker 1: a good job, but they were touting, get touting. In

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Speaker 1: two thousand four, they had eighty six investigations going on,

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Speaker 1: and they doubled that by two thousand nine to a

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Speaker 1: hundred and sixty seven. That's a hundred and sixty seven investigations.

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Speaker 1: If you've got what they say about like fifteen thousand

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Speaker 1: in the U. S. Alone, well, that's another number that's

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Speaker 1: hotly contested. So apparently Congress heard that there was fifty

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Speaker 1: thousand slaves that were brought into the US every year

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Speaker 1: and apparently that came from CIA estimates. Um, that really

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Speaker 1: kind of got the charge going against human trafficking, Like

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Speaker 1: that number is just incredible, right, especially just coming into

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Speaker 1: the U. S. Alone. So that guy at everybody on board,

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Speaker 1: including George W. Bush Um got some some laws enacted.

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Speaker 1: There's the UM oh which one is it, chuck, The

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Speaker 1: one we passed in two thousand um the Trafficking Victim

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Speaker 1: Protection Act. And then that same year the UN past

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Speaker 1: the Palermo Protocols. So that was like a big moment

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Speaker 1: for human trafficking, right, um or I should say combating

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Speaker 1: human trafficking UM. And then the numbers were downgraded in

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Speaker 1: two thousand four to something like UM fourteen thousand, five

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Speaker 1: hundred and seven to seventeen thousand, five hundred and then

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Speaker 1: people think even those numbers are high. Right. Then a

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Speaker 1: New York Times magazine writer named Peter Landerman Landisman, he

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Speaker 1: wrote an article called UM, I Think the sex Slaves

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Speaker 1: next Door for the Girl's next Door. I can't remember

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Speaker 1: which what it was called, but UM. In his article,

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Speaker 1: it just created this huge firestorm. It was like one

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Speaker 1: of those twelve page long articles and like he was

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Speaker 1: doing a lot of really good investigative journalism. There was

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Speaker 1: this interview with this one girl who had been sold

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Speaker 1: for from Mexico at like age four, UM, and I've

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Speaker 1: been living as a sex slave ever since. And like UM.

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Speaker 1: People started digging into the article and we're like, wait

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Speaker 1: a minute, this sounds a lot like you know, urban legend.

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Speaker 1: Some of like the details about you know, how people

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Speaker 1: are coming from Mexico into the US or kind of spotty,

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Speaker 1: like if they're going by boat, there's really no good

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Speaker 1: place to land in the US. UM. There is a

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Speaker 1: lot of problems with it. And he even said ten

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Speaker 1: thousand so he had the lowest number so far, and

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Speaker 1: even that has been torn apart. And part of the

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Speaker 1: problem that was raised by Peter Landisman's UM article and

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Speaker 1: its reception is that if you conflate inflate the numbers

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Speaker 1: the figures too much and then it's shown that you're

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Speaker 1: off big time, then it comes across a hysterical and alarmist.

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Speaker 1: But if the numbers are too low, then you risk

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Speaker 1: not being able to generate enough interest to really do

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Speaker 1: something about the people who are in slave right. And

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Speaker 1: it's hard to pinpoint at period because if they knew,

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Speaker 1: then they would be doing something about it. Only twenty

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Speaker 1: seven states and that's the latest number I have. Uh,

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Speaker 1: it maybe more, but I saw twenty seven states have

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Speaker 1: anti trafficking legislation. Is that it Yeah, that's crazy. So

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Speaker 1: I mean the rest it's technically legal or surely there's

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Speaker 1: laws that you're breaking. Yeah, I don't think it's legal,

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Speaker 1: but it's not just trafficking specific legislation. Yeah, So we're

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Speaker 1: kind of it seems like we're at a period where

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Speaker 1: we realized that there's a real problem, but we don't

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Speaker 1: know how big it is and we don't know what

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Speaker 1: to do about it. Yet one guy, Nicholas Kristoff. You

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Speaker 1: read New York Times, So kristof smart guy. He did

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Speaker 1: something in two thousand four that was pretty amazing. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he decided to purchase the freedom of to Cambodian prostitutes. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he went to Cambodian did it, which is very controversial because,

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Speaker 1: as Molly points out, it still perpetuates the idea that

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Speaker 1: you can buy and sell a human life, even though

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Speaker 1: he was doing it for the good, still sort of

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Speaker 1: playing ball in a way, And a lot of people

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Speaker 1: say it didn't do a lot of good anyway, because

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Speaker 1: these people aren't prepared for the quote unquote real world.

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Speaker 1: So one of them did kind of escape that life,

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Speaker 1: and the other went right back to it. Yeah. Um,

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Speaker 1: the one that he paid more for two three dollars. Um,

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Speaker 1: she went back to it, and she was very reluctant

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Speaker 1: to come out in the first place. Um, she kind

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Speaker 1: of dragged her feet. And even her owner, I guess,

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Speaker 1: the madam that ran them brothel and literally owned this woman, Um,

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Speaker 1: was like, you should really take this man's offer and

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Speaker 1: leave right now because this is never gonna happen again.

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Speaker 1: She went back. Wow, because she was institutionalized as the

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Speaker 1: way to put it. She didn't know if her village

401
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Speaker 1: would accept her. Um, she didn't know if her family

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Speaker 1: would take her back. She's very shamed, and this is

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Speaker 1: the life that she was used to. It's like red

404
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Speaker 1: in uh yeah, or Brooks. Yeah, Brooks was institutionalized. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he's the one who hung himself right, and Red thought

406
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Speaker 1: he was until he found all that money. Yeah, and

407
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Speaker 1: he's likes had to go buy some milkshakes. So yeah,

408
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Speaker 1: he paid two hundred three dollars and a hundred and

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Speaker 1: fifty dollars for those two women. But yeah, and I

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Speaker 1: mean it makes sense, like pay money to free somebody,

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Speaker 1: then yeah, you're putting a value on that, and you're saying, yes,

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Speaker 1: what you're doing is legitimate to some degree. Well maybe

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Speaker 1: if nothing else. This move was got a lot of

414
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Speaker 1: attention because he did this. But the question is this,

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Speaker 1: like but that Peter Landisman article was all about how

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Speaker 1: you know there's there's all these sex slaves in the US,

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Speaker 1: but almost all of the action that he describes takes

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Speaker 1: place in Mexico. Nicholas Kristof to free sex slaves, he

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Speaker 1: didn't go into New Jersey or Portland's. He went to Cambodia.

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Speaker 1: So the question is how big is this in the

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Speaker 1: US and elsewhere? Is it a big problem in the US.

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Speaker 1: We have no idea, but there's UM we're starting to

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Speaker 1: kind of shape how to take this on thanks to

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Speaker 1: two groups like UM Anti Slavery International and Free the

425
00:25:18,760 --> 00:25:22,680
Speaker 1: Slaves Right, Yes, and the Polaris Project, who is another

426
00:25:22,680 --> 00:25:26,480
Speaker 1: big one. UM. The State Department says they have what's

427
00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:31,919
Speaker 1: called a three P approach prevention, prosecution, and protection. Uh.

428
00:25:32,080 --> 00:25:36,440
Speaker 1: Prosecution is a big one because until they start really

429
00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:41,040
Speaker 1: hanging these dudes up by their toes as an example,

430
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:44,680
Speaker 1: then they're not going to be dissuaded so much from

431
00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:48,080
Speaker 1: trying to traffic these girls and boys and men and women.

432
00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:50,920
Speaker 1: So you got to prosecute these people, let it be known,

433
00:25:51,359 --> 00:25:56,480
Speaker 1: plastered all over the newspapers to kind of dissuade folks. UM.

434
00:25:56,520 --> 00:26:00,800
Speaker 1: Protecting the victims is a problem, especially when there you know,

435
00:26:01,080 --> 00:26:03,000
Speaker 1: like a cop just looks at them and sees a

436
00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:08,200
Speaker 1: hooker rather than you know, a victim. Yeah, exactly. UM. So,

437
00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:10,640
Speaker 1: like you said, I guess the FBI is figuring out

438
00:26:10,680 --> 00:26:15,320
Speaker 1: how to train local law enforcement to recognize signs UM.

439
00:26:15,359 --> 00:26:18,440
Speaker 1: And there are some pretty easy signs if you can,

440
00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:21,480
Speaker 1: I guess, gain the trust of of somebody's suspect as

441
00:26:21,520 --> 00:26:24,840
Speaker 1: being trafficked. UM. There's just a few questions that you

442
00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:26,560
Speaker 1: can ask and if you can get honest answers out

443
00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:28,840
Speaker 1: of them and you're like, oh, you are a modern slave.

444
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:31,320
Speaker 1: Well that's the tough part is getting the answers, but

445
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:34,680
Speaker 1: asking them where they work, maybe what they're getting paid,

446
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:36,760
Speaker 1: who they live with, are they free to come and

447
00:26:36,760 --> 00:26:40,400
Speaker 1: go as they please? UM? How what did you say?

448
00:26:40,560 --> 00:26:43,280
Speaker 1: How much they get paid? Where they sleep? What kind

449
00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:46,040
Speaker 1: of sleeping conditions are? What they ate last or the

450
00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:49,119
Speaker 1: day before is another good one. There's a great questions.

451
00:26:49,160 --> 00:26:51,800
Speaker 1: And then if you come up with some UM suspicions,

452
00:26:51,840 --> 00:26:55,240
Speaker 1: there's actually groups that you can call. There's the National

453
00:26:55,400 --> 00:27:00,240
Speaker 1: Human Trafficking Resource Center UM that has a hotline that's

454
00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:02,640
Speaker 1: open twenty four hours a day, seven days a week. UM.

455
00:27:02,760 --> 00:27:05,840
Speaker 1: That's one eight A D eight three seven three seven

456
00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:08,359
Speaker 1: eight eight eight and UM. They start to get the

457
00:27:08,359 --> 00:27:12,520
Speaker 1: ball rolling, and apparently the State Department, especially under Hillary Clinton,

458
00:27:12,560 --> 00:27:15,640
Speaker 1: has really taken the ball and run with it. UM

459
00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:20,720
Speaker 1: to combat human trafficking and the US issues UM travel

460
00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:26,439
Speaker 1: visas T visas to people who are who are found

461
00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:30,080
Speaker 1: to be trafficked. So they're saying, hey, we won't even

462
00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,919
Speaker 1: deport you. Yeah, you're not gonna arrested them. Or if

463
00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:34,840
Speaker 1: you are arrested and we find out you you've been

464
00:27:34,880 --> 00:27:38,160
Speaker 1: trafficked here like we're gonna you'll be okay after that. Well,

465
00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:42,160
Speaker 1: the d o J has a hotline to UM four

466
00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:47,240
Speaker 1: to eight s one and Polaris Project dot org is

467
00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:50,159
Speaker 1: a great place to visit. And you mentioned them in

468
00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:54,440
Speaker 1: the UM how the Underground Railroad worked. Yeah. Remember they're

469
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:57,840
Speaker 1: named after the north Star that that UM the free

470
00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:02,040
Speaker 1: escaped slaves used to follow. Benjamin Skinner, an author, wrote

471
00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:04,640
Speaker 1: a book called a Crime So Manstras Monstrous in two

472
00:28:04,680 --> 00:28:09,120
Speaker 1: thousand eight, and he said educate yourself. So hopefully we're

473
00:28:09,119 --> 00:28:13,560
Speaker 1: helping a little bit right there. Secondly, UM, right, your congressman,

474
00:28:13,640 --> 00:28:16,840
Speaker 1: your local elected official, be the guy that stands up

475
00:28:16,840 --> 00:28:19,280
Speaker 1: at the town hall. Yeah and says, yeah, I get

476
00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:22,320
Speaker 1: what you're saying about the electromagnetic pulse, but what do

477
00:28:22,359 --> 00:28:26,080
Speaker 1: you want to do about human trafficking right exactly? Or

478
00:28:26,119 --> 00:28:28,480
Speaker 1: you know, find out if you're one of the seven

479
00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:35,879
Speaker 1: states or one of the what's twenty three states that

480
00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:39,480
Speaker 1: does not have legislation on the books and get in

481
00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:41,719
Speaker 1: touch with your congressman, who probably won't be in office

482
00:28:42,560 --> 00:28:44,360
Speaker 1: by the time the next election rolls around. Yeah, wait

483
00:28:44,400 --> 00:28:46,800
Speaker 1: till after November. Get in touch with your new congressman

484
00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:51,080
Speaker 1: and say, hey, why don't we have legislation on the books.

485
00:28:51,080 --> 00:28:57,120
Speaker 1: This is ridiculous. Uh. And so educating yourself figuring out

486
00:28:57,160 --> 00:29:01,440
Speaker 1: what I guess, harassing your local politicians then um supporting

487
00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:04,960
Speaker 1: advocacy groups like sweat free dot org, Free the Slaves,

488
00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:09,720
Speaker 1: Anti Slavery International, that's right, Yeah, that's what you can do. Yeah,

489
00:29:09,840 --> 00:29:12,240
Speaker 1: or just keep your eye out. Don't be so judgmental

490
00:29:12,240 --> 00:29:14,720
Speaker 1: when you when you see, uh, that person who you

491
00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:18,200
Speaker 1: might think is a nefarious criminal. You never know. Yeah,

492
00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:21,360
Speaker 1: And I'm sure there's people out there who are going

493
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:23,480
Speaker 1: to be like, well, I mean, if we make a

494
00:29:23,520 --> 00:29:26,520
Speaker 1: big deal of this, then everybody's gonna say I'm I'm

495
00:29:26,560 --> 00:29:30,440
Speaker 1: a slave when they're really a criminal. I think that's unlikely.

496
00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:33,400
Speaker 1: I think so too. And if you start doing something

497
00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:35,840
Speaker 1: about human trafficking or you already are, we want to

498
00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:38,360
Speaker 1: know about it. So I'll call out again if you'll

499
00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:41,800
Speaker 1: remind me, Chuck, because sometimes I forget, but for for

500
00:29:42,040 --> 00:29:44,760
Speaker 1: listener mail call out. How about we say, let us

501
00:29:44,760 --> 00:29:47,520
Speaker 1: know what you're doing to fight human trafficking? Okay, yeah,

502
00:29:47,600 --> 00:29:49,240
Speaker 1: or if you were one of the people that requested

503
00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:51,480
Speaker 1: this over the years, and then you probably had a

504
00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:54,360
Speaker 1: good reason to let's hear it, okay, aside from the

505
00:29:54,400 --> 00:29:57,280
Speaker 1: fact that it's a good cause. Uh So, if you

506
00:29:57,280 --> 00:29:59,840
Speaker 1: want to learn more about human trafficking and read of

507
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:02,480
Speaker 1: very good article by Molly Edmonds, you can type in

508
00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:06,240
Speaker 1: human trafficking t R A F F I, C K

509
00:30:06,720 --> 00:30:09,080
Speaker 1: I n G in the search bar how stuff works

510
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:11,480
Speaker 1: dot com and that will bring this article up. And

511
00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:14,400
Speaker 1: I said how stuff works? No, I said search bar

512
00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:19,360
Speaker 1: and that brings up listener. Now, Josh, I'm gonna call this,

513
00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:24,480
Speaker 1: uh Josh's choice. You picked this one out because I

514
00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:27,160
Speaker 1: didn't have a computer all day. I did my research

515
00:30:27,200 --> 00:30:30,480
Speaker 1: on my iPhone. So thank you Apple for allowing me

516
00:30:30,520 --> 00:30:33,680
Speaker 1: to do my job. Do you shill? Hey? Did you

517
00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:35,400
Speaker 1: see me over there? I had to get at least

518
00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:38,880
Speaker 1: like an iPhone cover case or something. I don't need it.

519
00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:43,000
Speaker 1: All right. This is about earthworms from Susan in Northern Minnesota.

520
00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:45,520
Speaker 1: I just listen to your podcast on earthworms. I must

521
00:30:45,520 --> 00:30:48,320
Speaker 1: say I was disappointed that you minimize the damage that

522
00:30:48,360 --> 00:30:51,520
Speaker 1: earthworms are doing to our northern forest. We did point

523
00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:53,760
Speaker 1: out damage, but I guess she didn't think we did

524
00:30:53,800 --> 00:30:57,920
Speaker 1: a good enough job, right, Yeah, I was that's I

525
00:30:58,320 --> 00:31:00,400
Speaker 1: actually didn't mean to pick this one out. It was

526
00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:02,200
Speaker 1: between this and the dental in fact, but we'll go

527
00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:06,240
Speaker 1: with this. I'm volunteering for the University of Minnesota go

528
00:31:06,360 --> 00:31:11,120
Speaker 1: Gophers on monitoring the super I'm sorry, Superior National Forests

529
00:31:11,800 --> 00:31:13,800
Speaker 1: and have come across large sections of the forests that

530
00:31:13,840 --> 00:31:16,960
Speaker 1: are heavily damaged due to the worms. The forest duff

531
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,480
Speaker 1: that you mentioned as several other uses other than the

532
00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:23,160
Speaker 1: host seedlings, that also acts as mulch, which keeps earth cooler,

533
00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:26,360
Speaker 1: holds in moisture, and decomposes and creates soil. Yeah, when

534
00:31:26,400 --> 00:31:29,640
Speaker 1: she mentioned that, it reminded me that drying the soil

535
00:31:29,680 --> 00:31:33,600
Speaker 1: out is a big problem because of the eating duff.

536
00:31:33,920 --> 00:31:38,440
Speaker 1: Eating of the leaf litter, not drinking duff, because that's great. Yeah.

537
00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:42,120
Speaker 1: I've seen the roots of the large trees exposed, which

538
00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:45,360
Speaker 1: is called girdling. Uh. This stresses the trees and puts

539
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:48,160
Speaker 1: them in jeopardy, but it's also really pretty. A person

540
00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:50,800
Speaker 1: can view large sections of the forest that are completely

541
00:31:50,880 --> 00:31:54,000
Speaker 1: bare as there is no vegetation at all. The worms

542
00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:58,160
Speaker 1: can move about three miles per year, which leaves a

543
00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:01,960
Speaker 1: large path of destruction. Today, there's no successful method to

544
00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:05,880
Speaker 1: rectify or reclaim those areas of our forests. I am

545
00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:08,800
Speaker 1: from northern Minnesota, which is a large tourist area. Three

546
00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:15,160
Speaker 1: miles per year is way way longer farther than I've

547
00:32:15,280 --> 00:32:20,040
Speaker 1: run across in any other resource. I think about it,

548
00:32:20,160 --> 00:32:22,920
Speaker 1: that glacier, that ice sheet that killed all those worms

549
00:32:23,520 --> 00:32:26,800
Speaker 1: right and basically drove him south. They've had ten thousand

550
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:28,840
Speaker 1: and twenty thousand years to make their way up. If

551
00:32:28,840 --> 00:32:31,680
Speaker 1: they can move three miles a year, they'd be all

552
00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:34,720
Speaker 1: over the place that we wouldn't be seeing this invasive

553
00:32:34,760 --> 00:32:37,640
Speaker 1: species problem right now. That way they kids, Well, maybe

554
00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:40,800
Speaker 1: the Minnesota worms are lightning path. Yea, they have a

555
00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:45,400
Speaker 1: little jump in their giddy up. She finalizes this email

556
00:32:45,480 --> 00:32:47,440
Speaker 1: Josh by saying the slow destruction of her forest is

557
00:32:47,440 --> 00:32:50,680
Speaker 1: putting her whole economy at risk. That is Susan C.

558
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:55,200
Speaker 1: From Minnesota. So sorry if we uh minimized it, we

559
00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:57,480
Speaker 1: didn't certainly didn't mean to. I didn't think we did,

560
00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:02,000
Speaker 1: but apparently we didn't. Like really really yeah, Like we

561
00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:06,320
Speaker 1: didn't dissect a live earthworm during the podcast to show it.

562
00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:09,400
Speaker 1: We didn't show its friends what would happen to it? Well,

563
00:33:09,400 --> 00:33:12,400
Speaker 1: thank you Susan C for that one, um, And thank

564
00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:15,040
Speaker 1: you to the other guy whose email I was going

565
00:33:15,080 --> 00:33:18,600
Speaker 1: to choose but printed the wrong one. Yeah. I think

566
00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:23,640
Speaker 1: he had a fellow toothless guy. Yeah. These want to

567
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:26,800
Speaker 1: give you props for coming out, coming out and taking

568
00:33:26,800 --> 00:33:29,720
Speaker 1: the tooth out of ny. If you don't know what

569
00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:31,200
Speaker 1: we're talking about, you have to see this. We have

570
00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:34,280
Speaker 1: a video podcast now too, um that you can subscribe

571
00:33:34,320 --> 00:33:37,040
Speaker 1: to indeed, UM, and we do like we have one

572
00:33:37,080 --> 00:33:38,800
Speaker 1: of the things that we do is a little game

573
00:33:38,800 --> 00:33:41,440
Speaker 1: show where we teach one another something in sixty seconds.

574
00:33:41,840 --> 00:33:45,960
Speaker 1: And Chuck taught me about dental implants and showed me

575
00:33:46,800 --> 00:33:49,680
Speaker 1: his toothless grim showed the world, which is Yeah, it's

576
00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:52,280
Speaker 1: pretty awesome. So if you if you want to see that,

577
00:33:52,320 --> 00:33:55,720
Speaker 1: you should type in stuff you should know dental implant

578
00:33:56,320 --> 00:33:58,560
Speaker 1: uh into your favorite search engine or in the search

579
00:33:58,600 --> 00:34:02,240
Speaker 1: bar how stuff works dot com to bring up that video. Um,

580
00:34:02,280 --> 00:34:05,600
Speaker 1: And if you want to tweet to us, you can

581
00:34:06,280 --> 00:34:09,600
Speaker 1: at s y s K podcast. If you want to

582
00:34:09,719 --> 00:34:12,160
Speaker 1: join us on Facebook. Go to Facebook dot com slash

583
00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:14,400
Speaker 1: stuff You should know and remember, we want your emails

584
00:34:14,400 --> 00:34:17,920
Speaker 1: on human trafficking. You can send those two stuff podcast

585
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:24,880
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. For more on this

586
00:34:25,040 --> 00:34:27,439
Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff works

587
00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:30,120
Speaker 1: dot com. To learn more about the podcast, click on

588
00:34:30,120 --> 00:34:33,080
Speaker 1: the podcast icon in the upper right corner of our homepage.

589
00:34:33,840 --> 00:34:36,560
Speaker 1: The how Stuff Works iPhone app has arrived. Download it

590
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:42,399
Speaker 1: today on iTunes. Brought to you by the reinvented two

591
00:34:42,400 --> 00:34:44,920
Speaker 1: thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you