WEBVTT - How ESP Works(?)

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to stuff you should know from house stuff Works

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<v Speaker 1>dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

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<v Speaker 1>There's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and Jerry's over there. I

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<v Speaker 1>didn't even have to look why, I just knew, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>and dudes and do debts. We are in our new studio. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>can you tell? Does its sound different? It's the very

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<v Speaker 1>first one and um it's tiny. Wait what do you mean?

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<v Speaker 1>It's the very first one, very very first podcast we

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<v Speaker 1>recorded in here. Yeah, I was gonna say, I said tiny,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's not tiny. It's cozy. But it is our

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<v Speaker 1>all ours, Yeah, how ours. Everybody else at house Stuff

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<v Speaker 1>Works doesn't really know that yet, but they will. Uh yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>because when we actually have butt detection and when someone

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<v Speaker 1>sits down these seats that aren't LSD to get a

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<v Speaker 1>shock and plus an alarm goes off at our desks,

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<v Speaker 1>what's called d M R T M. I how are you, sir?

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<v Speaker 1>I'm pretty good. I feel like this is fancy. This

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<v Speaker 1>is our first real like studio. That's not true, not no,

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<v Speaker 1>I'm trying to remember the last one was no. But

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<v Speaker 1>it's not a utility closet. It's not a lactation room.

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<v Speaker 1>It's not Yeah, it's not a murder room. It's not

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<v Speaker 1>like an office with like desk for like office furniture. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's a it's a studio that was built out for

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<v Speaker 1>the specific purpose of recording podcasts. All we have to

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<v Speaker 1>do is put up our Aaron Cooper originals. The artwork,

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<v Speaker 1>got a couple of those waiting, and we gotta work

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<v Speaker 1>on the lighting in here a little bit. Yeah, Jerius,

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<v Speaker 1>it's such gonna hang some china balls for us. Yes,

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<v Speaker 1>you keep pushing the china balls. Um so, anyway, enough

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<v Speaker 1>about that. We just wanted to say we're super excited

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<v Speaker 1>to be in our new office, in our new studio.

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<v Speaker 1>It does feel good. Kudos for that intro. I'm not

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<v Speaker 1>gonna say that. I knew you were going to say that. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>I was going to say that too. I knew that

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<v Speaker 1>you were thinking of saying that. Chuck. Yes, uh ESP.

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<v Speaker 1>Do you believe in ESP? No? No, not at all.

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<v Speaker 1>What do you think it is? Because surely, I mean

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<v Speaker 1>just about anyone could agree that humans have some sort

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<v Speaker 1>of ability somehow to make good guesses or to the future,

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<v Speaker 1>whatever you want to call it. Do you agree or

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<v Speaker 1>do you think it's strictly just us selectively paying attention

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<v Speaker 1>to random instances over others. I think it's that. And yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and as we'll talk about, I think it's the just

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<v Speaker 1>the nature of coincidence is going to happen because so

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<v Speaker 1>many things happen every day, Uh, that something is bound

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<v Speaker 1>to seem like something you dreamed about the night before

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<v Speaker 1>at some point in your life. Yeah. But the other

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<v Speaker 1>millions of dreams you have that, don't I think those

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<v Speaker 1>are the ones that are the the tell you know,

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<v Speaker 1>do you? I don't know, like I want to. I

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<v Speaker 1>spent so many years of my life believing and stuff

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<v Speaker 1>like that and wanting to go to to Duke University

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<v Speaker 1>to study at their paras psychology department believe. Yeah, and

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<v Speaker 1>but you know, believing in ghosts and all this and

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<v Speaker 1>just that's how I spent my childhood just reading about

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<v Speaker 1>stuff like that voraciously. So Ghostbusters really did a number

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<v Speaker 1>on you. Yeah. Yeah. When that came along, I was like,

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<v Speaker 1>this was made for me. Um. But as an adult,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not so much that I believe in the esp

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<v Speaker 1>it's more that I UM, I refused to just utterly

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<v Speaker 1>disbelieve in the possibility of it. Okay, you know what

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<v Speaker 1>I mean. Yeah, I got you there, because we don't

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<v Speaker 1>know everything about everything yet, right, but uh yeah, I'm

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<v Speaker 1>in the I'm the other camp. And I'm not even

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<v Speaker 1>say the skeptic camp because there's people just plug me

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<v Speaker 1>bad name some due to some bad apples. Not all skeptics,

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<v Speaker 1>but there are some that are horses asses. Can we

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<v Speaker 1>say that? I don't know, we'll find out. Um, All right,

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<v Speaker 1>well let's talk about And I thought this was interesting

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<v Speaker 1>because I never knew that uh ESP is just a

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<v Speaker 1>big collective term for all manner of uh paranormal paranormal phenomena,

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<v Speaker 1>which you could also call SI. Yeah, and so dude

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<v Speaker 1>named jb Ryan, who will talk about later, he coined

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<v Speaker 1>ESP the granddaddy. And then in the forties another guy

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<v Speaker 1>coined the term sigh and sigh is the Greek letter

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<v Speaker 1>and it's equated with psyche or the soul. And the

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<v Speaker 1>reason that the guy chose SI is because he felt

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<v Speaker 1>ESP suggested it was something supernatural, and SI, he felt,

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<v Speaker 1>suggested that this is a normal part of humanity we

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<v Speaker 1>just don't understand and it's it sounds like science, right, Um.

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<v Speaker 1>But there are several categories of ESP UM and this

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<v Speaker 1>is the one. I never knew the actual definitions for these.

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<v Speaker 1>I sort of just threw them all in a bag together.

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<v Speaker 1>You have telepathy, and that's when you can you know,

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<v Speaker 1>you're over there reading my thoughts. Yes, like Chuck is

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<v Speaker 1>really not happy to be in the new studio. That's

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<v Speaker 1>not true. He'd rather be at home on the couch.

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<v Speaker 1>I'm reading your thoughts right now, and I know that

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<v Speaker 1>you like this place. Okay, Well, you're you're a telepath. Uh. Clairvoyance,

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<v Speaker 1>which is the ability to see events or things objects

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<v Speaker 1>happening somewhere else at the same time. So are you

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<v Speaker 1>doing Are you a clairvoyant? I am. I'm seeing your

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<v Speaker 1>couch right now, and I'm saying it's not that comfy. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>so you're not missing that much at the moment. I

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<v Speaker 1>know somewhere Jonathan Strickland is waxing his head, bald head.

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<v Speaker 1>That's just the logical assumption. Uh. Then we have our

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<v Speaker 1>precogs precognition. That's when you see into the future. Retrocogs

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<v Speaker 1>retro cognition. You can see into the distant past. That's

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<v Speaker 1>there's another um that's a widely accepted definition of retrocognition,

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<v Speaker 1>like seeing you know a cave like took took running

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<v Speaker 1>around with the dinosaurs like you do, which I guess

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<v Speaker 1>never would have happened. Um. But there's another term for retrocognition,

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<v Speaker 1>whereas something in the future affects something in the past.

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<v Speaker 1>So a decision you make in the future affects your past.

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<v Speaker 1>And an example given is that, um, you have a

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<v Speaker 1>dream about a dinosaur. Now, let's a spotted dog, and

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<v Speaker 1>then the first thing the next morning, you go outside

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<v Speaker 1>to water your lawn and the same spotted dog or

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<v Speaker 1>a similar spotted dog walks by. The idea isn't that

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<v Speaker 1>that was very coincidental or that you had esp and

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<v Speaker 1>your dreams, but that you seeing that dog in the

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<v Speaker 1>morning affected your dream the night before. So that's another

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<v Speaker 1>definition that's emerging for retrocognition. That's getting a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>traction because of the stuff we're finding on the quantum scale,

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<v Speaker 1>just weirdness like that. All right, Then you have your

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<v Speaker 1>mediumship and that's um ms Cleo who can channel dead

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<v Speaker 1>spirits forgot about her? And then you have how much

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<v Speaker 1>money that woman grossed in the nineties. She made a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of though I hope so yeah, I mean, she

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<v Speaker 1>was working hard, she had a finite window of opportunity,

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<v Speaker 1>and she worked that whole time. She didn't like buy

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<v Speaker 1>a sailboat and sail around the world after like a

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<v Speaker 1>first million. You know, like she worked. So you're not

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<v Speaker 1>in the camp of like she's taking people's money and

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<v Speaker 1>taking advantage of people. I see that argument, sure, for sure.

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<v Speaker 1>I also see like if people want to spend their

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<v Speaker 1>money on that and they get something out of it,

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<v Speaker 1>knock yourself out. Uh. And then you have a psychometry,

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<v Speaker 1>which is the ability to read info about a person place,

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<v Speaker 1>uh by touching the person object. And that's what I

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<v Speaker 1>like to call the dead zone. Christopher Walking, he would

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<v Speaker 1>place his hands on you and he would see something. Man.

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<v Speaker 1>I think we talked about it recently about how that

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<v Speaker 1>movie holds up. Still. Yeah, it's such a good movie. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it really is good. Chris Walking. There's another one, Chuck

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<v Speaker 1>Um called telekinesis, which is like Uri Geller stroking a

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<v Speaker 1>spoon and it bending right, like being able to manipulate

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<v Speaker 1>matter just using a light touch or your mind, but

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<v Speaker 1>there is no spoon. Yeah. Yeah, it wasn't that from

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<v Speaker 1>matrix Um. All right, So basically, uh, like you said,

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<v Speaker 1>J b Ryan is the the granddaddy of all this,

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<v Speaker 1>and he actually started studying. I mean, he was a

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<v Speaker 1>legitimate scientist, he wasn't some quack. And uh, this was

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<v Speaker 1>in the nineteen thirties where he started at Duke University

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<v Speaker 1>studying para para psychology basically. And he wasn't the first.

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<v Speaker 1>He was one of the first UM laboratory experimenters in

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<v Speaker 1>academia to really study SI. Right before him, probably about

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<v Speaker 1>forty or so years before him, William James and some

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<v Speaker 1>of his pals at the Society for Psychical Research UM

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<v Speaker 1>really laid the groundwork for applying the scientific method to

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<v Speaker 1>the study of paranormal phenomenon. And they did two things.

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<v Speaker 1>They outed frauds, like fraudulent mediums, like very famously Madame Blevartsky.

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<v Speaker 1>But then they also investigated ones like they approached them

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<v Speaker 1>typically with like an open mind UM, and if they

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<v Speaker 1>found somebody that they just couldn't explain, they would they

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<v Speaker 1>studied them. So they were they were studying each one

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<v Speaker 1>with an open mind. And the ones they figured out

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<v Speaker 1>where frauds they outed as frauds. The ones they figured

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<v Speaker 1>out couldn't quite explain, they sought to investigate scientifically rather

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<v Speaker 1>than just saying, oh, they're frauds somehow. So that was

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<v Speaker 1>the groundwork of the study of sigh. What was Madame

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<v Speaker 1>Blevartsky Steel of the Cony Allen She was she actually

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<v Speaker 1>she was almost a cult leader. You could argue she

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<v Speaker 1>was she um. She created um. Oh man, it's called

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<v Speaker 1>like theodism, I think, which is um. It was. It

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<v Speaker 1>was almost a cult. It was a huge um movement

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<v Speaker 1>in the nineteenth century where like you go to like

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<v Speaker 1>a seance and there was a medium there and they

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<v Speaker 1>would channel like the spirits of the dead, relatives of

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<v Speaker 1>people who were they're holding hands in the circle and

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<v Speaker 1>stuff like that. And she gained a lot of power

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<v Speaker 1>and wealth and prestige until she was outed as as

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<v Speaker 1>a fraud. And I don't remember the the it's theosophy,

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<v Speaker 1>that's what it is. Not to see theo is m.

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<v Speaker 1>Theo ism has to do with theo Huxtable. Uh did

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<v Speaker 1>you see The Source Family, by the way, that documentary. No,

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<v Speaker 1>I haven't about the l a cult in the seventies.

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<v Speaker 1>I saw the the Icon on Netflix and never clicked

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<v Speaker 1>as a good it's really good and it's it's it's awesome. Actually,

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<v Speaker 1>I recommend everyone it's one of those where like they

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<v Speaker 1>interview a lot of them today and they weren't like,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, they didn't commit suicide. Like everyone was like

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<v Speaker 1>it was pretty great. Oh yeah, yeah, they're all fine.

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<v Speaker 1>They're all just a bunch of hippies. Still. They were

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<v Speaker 1>out in l A. Yeah, yeah, right in Hollywood. There

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<v Speaker 1>was one and um, there was a documentary I saw

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<v Speaker 1>about a cult in Miami and they were like super

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<v Speaker 1>fundamentalist Christian but they also were um the basis of

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<v Speaker 1>their religion was was formed on pot too. Well that's

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<v Speaker 1>what the Source family was. I wonder if they were related. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>it was the seventies. Yeah, there were a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>pot cults, I bet. But did they turn into like

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<v Speaker 1>huge pot dealers. No, I don't think so. This cult

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<v Speaker 1>they had a band though, and the called the Source.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, I can't remember the name of the band,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's pretty interesting to transfer that. It's a really

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<v Speaker 1>good documentary. That was just funny to see all these people.

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<v Speaker 1>Now they're like it was awesome. Yeah. I had a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of sex and smoked a lot of weed. That's

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<v Speaker 1>kind of what they These guys didn't seem to have

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<v Speaker 1>a lot of sex though they were like real, like um,

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<v Speaker 1>compartmentalized gender wise and like male dominance and all that.

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<v Speaker 1>But they just smoked a ton of pot all the time,

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<v Speaker 1>including their little kids. Well that's not like like four

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<v Speaker 1>year old smoke. That's terrible. Yeah. There it was in

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<v Speaker 1>the documentaries we're seeing. I don't remember what you had

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<v Speaker 1>me up? You lost me there. I lost everybody there

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<v Speaker 1>in that documentary. Yeah. Um, all right, So back to

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<v Speaker 1>this ESP thing, um, jb Ryan, Yeah, jb Ryan. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>basically there's a there's a lot of different outlooks on

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<v Speaker 1>what ESP might be. Um, some people think that everyone's

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<v Speaker 1>got it, but some people, um, it just pops up

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<v Speaker 1>every now and then, um, like I might have a

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<v Speaker 1>dream that comes true or whatever. Other people think that

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<v Speaker 1>only certain people have it, have the the gift as

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<v Speaker 1>they say, uh, and that they have to be in

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<v Speaker 1>this special like you know, mental state to access at

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<v Speaker 1>the shinnon the shitting. And then other folks say that

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<v Speaker 1>everyone has that potential, but um, some people are just

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<v Speaker 1>like in tune with it and some people aren't. And

0:13:10.240 --> 0:13:14.520
<v Speaker 1>you follow in none of those three camps. Um, So

0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:19.480
<v Speaker 1>we'll talk a little more about some ideas of what

0:13:19.920 --> 0:13:40.120
<v Speaker 1>ESP is right after this so Chuck, Um, you said

0:13:40.200 --> 0:13:45.200
<v Speaker 1>that basically how people see ESP is either everyone has it,

0:13:45.600 --> 0:13:49.840
<v Speaker 1>some people have it, or no one has it. Basically, Uh,

0:13:50.040 --> 0:13:53.360
<v Speaker 1>whether you're a skeptic or a believer. Um, if you

0:13:53.360 --> 0:13:56.240
<v Speaker 1>are a believer in ESP and somebody comes to you

0:13:56.320 --> 0:14:01.559
<v Speaker 1>and says, okay, explain ESP like it is it. There's

0:14:01.559 --> 0:14:07.080
<v Speaker 1>actually a couple of very common suggestions or proposals. One

0:14:07.160 --> 0:14:10.040
<v Speaker 1>made sense for a while before we knew a little

0:14:10.080 --> 0:14:13.720
<v Speaker 1>more about the brain. Um, and that was that EESP

0:14:14.480 --> 0:14:19.560
<v Speaker 1>was some form or fashion of the electromagnetic spectrum that

0:14:19.640 --> 0:14:25.680
<v Speaker 1>we were receiving information from outside of our usual senses. Yeah.

0:14:25.720 --> 0:14:29.520
<v Speaker 1>And like you said, it fell out of favor because, um,

0:14:29.520 --> 0:14:33.080
<v Speaker 1>basically it didn't explain anything about how it moves through

0:14:33.120 --> 0:14:36.120
<v Speaker 1>time or there. It didn't pick up on special some

0:14:36.200 --> 0:14:40.240
<v Speaker 1>special part of your brain that like receives this message.

0:14:40.520 --> 0:14:42.760
<v Speaker 1>And there was a UM did you see that study

0:14:42.800 --> 0:14:44.920
<v Speaker 1>I sent you? That was I think from two ten

0:14:44.960 --> 0:14:47.720
<v Speaker 1>where they put people in an MRI I and then

0:14:47.800 --> 0:14:54.040
<v Speaker 1>showed them, um, different pictures or whatever. H And they

0:14:54.080 --> 0:14:57.720
<v Speaker 1>did they showed like they I put you in the

0:14:57.760 --> 0:14:59.960
<v Speaker 1>wonder machine and now I'm showing you a picture of

0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:03.720
<v Speaker 1>flower and that's it. It's lovely, except that it sounds

0:15:03.720 --> 0:15:08.480
<v Speaker 1>like a German rave. Okay, a little bit um, but

0:15:08.880 --> 0:15:12.520
<v Speaker 1>that would be uh. The non ESP stimuli the control

0:15:12.560 --> 0:15:15.400
<v Speaker 1>group to test ESP and to see if the brain

0:15:15.480 --> 0:15:17.560
<v Speaker 1>reacted differently, and then to see if there was a

0:15:17.600 --> 0:15:20.360
<v Speaker 1>part of the brain that's picking up on ESP. I

0:15:20.360 --> 0:15:23.720
<v Speaker 1>would show you the flower, and then in the other room,

0:15:24.040 --> 0:15:27.600
<v Speaker 1>I would also show Emily that flower. They think about

0:15:27.680 --> 0:15:31.680
<v Speaker 1>it and send you the thought of that flower, So

0:15:31.800 --> 0:15:35.440
<v Speaker 1>you're getting ESP stimuli and then non e SP stimuli.

0:15:35.760 --> 0:15:38.320
<v Speaker 1>And from the m R I they showed that the

0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:43.200
<v Speaker 1>brain didn't react differently, So it suggests that there isn't

0:15:43.240 --> 0:15:46.040
<v Speaker 1>a sensory organ or region of the brain that's responsible

0:15:46.080 --> 0:15:50.600
<v Speaker 1>for picking up ESP, which doesn't debunk the possibility of ESP.

0:15:51.120 --> 0:15:53.640
<v Speaker 1>It just undermines the idea that there's a region of

0:15:53.640 --> 0:15:55.800
<v Speaker 1>our brain that would be responsible for picking that up.

0:15:55.960 --> 0:15:58.400
<v Speaker 1>Plus of Emily's over there, I'm my first guess is

0:15:58.440 --> 0:16:02.040
<v Speaker 1>gonna be dog every time I'm in its flower And

0:16:02.080 --> 0:16:04.680
<v Speaker 1>this well, it wasn't about guessing. It was just to see,

0:16:04.760 --> 0:16:08.520
<v Speaker 1>like showing you ES the e SP version and then

0:16:08.560 --> 0:16:10.600
<v Speaker 1>the non e SP version of the same thing, so

0:16:10.640 --> 0:16:13.240
<v Speaker 1>you weren't guessing do you understand. Yeah, I get to know.

0:16:13.960 --> 0:16:16.680
<v Speaker 1>I would have guessed dog or wine. There wasn't guessing.

0:16:18.480 --> 0:16:20.960
<v Speaker 1>That's the way I guessed. Family thinks she has a

0:16:20.960 --> 0:16:22.920
<v Speaker 1>gift a little bit, so she would have been disappointed.

0:16:23.000 --> 0:16:27.480
<v Speaker 1>She s, yeah, a little, she thinks. But I think

0:16:27.520 --> 0:16:31.720
<v Speaker 1>she's just super observant and intuitive. But that's definitely one

0:16:31.840 --> 0:16:35.560
<v Speaker 1>explanation for it, which we'll get too, of course. Um.

0:16:35.640 --> 0:16:38.880
<v Speaker 1>So these days there are other theories, one of which

0:16:39.040 --> 0:16:42.800
<v Speaker 1>is that, uh, it's called spill over, that there's basically

0:16:42.840 --> 0:16:46.840
<v Speaker 1>another dimension that we that doesn't you know, have our

0:16:47.200 --> 0:16:50.120
<v Speaker 1>laws here and are dimension and that sometimes stuff just

0:16:50.160 --> 0:16:53.640
<v Speaker 1>sort of spills over from that and we see the

0:16:53.640 --> 0:16:56.920
<v Speaker 1>future of the past. And if you're a skeptic, you

0:16:57.040 --> 0:16:59.880
<v Speaker 1>probably just pulled the decent sized clump of your hair

0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:02.680
<v Speaker 1>out of the side of your head at that point. Yeah,

0:17:02.680 --> 0:17:05.159
<v Speaker 1>because this is something you can't prove obviously, it's like

0:17:05.480 --> 0:17:10.760
<v Speaker 1>completely um And of course they'll say it exactly yeah,

0:17:10.800 --> 0:17:13.120
<v Speaker 1>you know. Yeah, And I think I got the impression

0:17:13.119 --> 0:17:16.000
<v Speaker 1>from this article that, um, they were making that point

0:17:16.080 --> 0:17:19.480
<v Speaker 1>like science is just chasing its tail and trying to

0:17:19.520 --> 0:17:23.560
<v Speaker 1>explain esp because it's not currently capable, and science goes

0:17:24.359 --> 0:17:27.720
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't work like that, you know, um, at least

0:17:27.720 --> 0:17:34.119
<v Speaker 1>with the electromagnetic spectrum explanation, it was pointing to something

0:17:34.119 --> 0:17:38.919
<v Speaker 1>that we already know exists, right, It's just that there

0:17:39.560 --> 0:17:41.960
<v Speaker 1>there's no way to show that we would be getting

0:17:42.880 --> 0:17:45.840
<v Speaker 1>how we would be getting information from it, because the

0:17:46.000 --> 0:17:51.960
<v Speaker 1>electromagnetic explanation, it basically says if you compare it to

0:17:52.040 --> 0:17:55.679
<v Speaker 1>other findings from ESP, it makes even less sense. Because

0:17:55.720 --> 0:17:57.720
<v Speaker 1>with the ESP, one of the hallmarks of it is

0:17:57.760 --> 0:18:00.720
<v Speaker 1>that no matter whether you're out there are outside of

0:18:00.720 --> 0:18:04.679
<v Speaker 1>the studio thinking about wine or a dog or something

0:18:05.080 --> 0:18:07.520
<v Speaker 1>and I'm picking up on it, or if you're in

0:18:07.640 --> 0:18:10.560
<v Speaker 1>China and I'm here and we're doing the same thing,

0:18:11.119 --> 0:18:14.080
<v Speaker 1>that the signal doesn't weaken at all. Yeah, And that

0:18:14.160 --> 0:18:15.800
<v Speaker 1>just flies in the face of all we know about

0:18:15.880 --> 0:18:19.960
<v Speaker 1>electromagnetic rights, exactly right. So there's a lot of things

0:18:20.000 --> 0:18:25.000
<v Speaker 1>wrong with the proposals of what ESP is. Uh. Yeah.

0:18:25.040 --> 0:18:27.240
<v Speaker 1>But you know, the reason why people still believe in

0:18:27.280 --> 0:18:31.080
<v Speaker 1>this stuff is because of either hearing a story about

0:18:31.119 --> 0:18:33.399
<v Speaker 1>their friend who said, you know, listen to this crazy

0:18:33.440 --> 0:18:37.119
<v Speaker 1>thing happened, or experiencing it themselves in some way or another,

0:18:37.200 --> 0:18:39.560
<v Speaker 1>having a dream that something similar happened, and all of

0:18:39.600 --> 0:18:42.480
<v Speaker 1>a sudden, you're like, I might have the gift exactly,

0:18:42.640 --> 0:18:45.439
<v Speaker 1>or it popped up in me, you know, briefly at least.

0:18:45.520 --> 0:18:48.040
<v Speaker 1>And there's a I mean, there's a lot of um

0:18:48.320 --> 0:18:55.879
<v Speaker 1>evidence of strange and unusual occurrences that support the idea

0:18:55.960 --> 0:18:59.400
<v Speaker 1>of esp um. This article gives a really good one

0:18:59.560 --> 0:19:03.840
<v Speaker 1>about UM. A book called Futility that was written by

0:19:03.840 --> 0:19:07.359
<v Speaker 1>a guy named Morgan robertson right, and in it the

0:19:07.440 --> 0:19:12.240
<v Speaker 1>guy details this book or this boat called the titan Ship.

0:19:12.640 --> 0:19:16.200
<v Speaker 1>Yeah ship, the boat, a big old boat, um, which

0:19:16.400 --> 0:19:19.479
<v Speaker 1>is sailing across the Atlantic and hits an iceberg at

0:19:19.560 --> 0:19:22.200
<v Speaker 1>night and sinks and a bunch of people die because

0:19:22.359 --> 0:19:26.720
<v Speaker 1>they weren't enough lifeboats. Yeah, this is And if that

0:19:26.760 --> 0:19:30.199
<v Speaker 1>sounds familiar, the Titanic did the same exact thing, the Titanic,

0:19:30.280 --> 0:19:35.960
<v Speaker 1>not the titan did the same exact thing fourteen years later. Yeah,

0:19:36.000 --> 0:19:38.639
<v Speaker 1>if they're there are a bunch of similarities. Um. The

0:19:38.680 --> 0:19:41.280
<v Speaker 1>titans struck an iceberg in the book on the starboard

0:19:41.280 --> 0:19:43.400
<v Speaker 1>side on an April night in the North Atlantic off

0:19:43.440 --> 0:19:46.159
<v Speaker 1>the coast of Newfoundland, and the real Titanic struck an

0:19:46.160 --> 0:19:49.040
<v Speaker 1>iceberg on the starboard side in April in the North

0:19:49.080 --> 0:19:51.880
<v Speaker 1>Atlantic off the coast of Newfoundland on the starless Night.

0:19:52.800 --> 0:19:55.480
<v Speaker 1>I don't know about that, Okay, Uh, they were both

0:19:55.520 --> 0:19:59.399
<v Speaker 1>said to be unsinkable. Um, more than half of the

0:19:59.440 --> 0:20:03.600
<v Speaker 1>passengers of the Titanic perished and more than half of

0:20:03.640 --> 0:20:06.800
<v Speaker 1>the passengers and crew on the titan perished. So there's

0:20:06.840 --> 0:20:09.280
<v Speaker 1>all these things in there. But you do a little

0:20:09.280 --> 0:20:13.080
<v Speaker 1>more digging and you find out that Robertson was he

0:20:13.200 --> 0:20:16.840
<v Speaker 1>was a seaman, and he knew a bunch of this stuff.

0:20:16.880 --> 0:20:19.600
<v Speaker 1>And it's not unreasonable to think at the time they

0:20:19.640 --> 0:20:22.320
<v Speaker 1>wanted to build the biggest ships, and the word titan

0:20:22.480 --> 0:20:24.240
<v Speaker 1>it would be a great name back then for a

0:20:24.280 --> 0:20:28.240
<v Speaker 1>super big ship. And that sailing route uh was a

0:20:28.280 --> 0:20:31.320
<v Speaker 1>common one, and there were icebergs, and April might have

0:20:31.359 --> 0:20:34.840
<v Speaker 1>been a common month for that kind of voyage. So

0:20:35.200 --> 0:20:37.680
<v Speaker 1>all of it can be explained away kind of um,

0:20:38.160 --> 0:20:41.000
<v Speaker 1>but it is definitely something you look at go oh interesting,

0:20:41.040 --> 0:20:44.080
<v Speaker 1>It is interesting, and it's amazing coincidence, and it focuses

0:20:44.160 --> 0:20:48.640
<v Speaker 1>the attention and captures the imagination. Um. But then yeah,

0:20:48.680 --> 0:20:52.359
<v Speaker 1>once you hear about Robertson's background, it becomes slightly less impressive.

0:20:52.760 --> 0:20:57.280
<v Speaker 1>So then kind of too over the years that little

0:20:57.359 --> 0:21:01.040
<v Speaker 1>Colonel got erased and added to it was that this

0:21:01.119 --> 0:21:03.240
<v Speaker 1>idea for this book came to him in a trance,

0:21:03.640 --> 0:21:06.399
<v Speaker 1>which bolsters the espy Is that true or is that

0:21:06.520 --> 0:21:09.760
<v Speaker 1>just been added? Uh, I'm sure it was added over

0:21:09.800 --> 0:21:12.280
<v Speaker 1>the years. Which is a big problem with this kind

0:21:12.320 --> 0:21:15.480
<v Speaker 1>of anecdotal evidence is that you know, it gets embellished

0:21:15.520 --> 0:21:19.760
<v Speaker 1>in that. Yeah, exactly. And uh, it's just it's not

0:21:20.000 --> 0:21:25.399
<v Speaker 1>enough that this is a really interesting, unique circumstance or

0:21:25.440 --> 0:21:29.200
<v Speaker 1>coincidence or whatever. There has to be this extra layer

0:21:29.280 --> 0:21:32.080
<v Speaker 1>of proof, like it came to him in a trance.

0:21:32.760 --> 0:21:37.000
<v Speaker 1>Come on. Yeah. Um. So back to Rhyan, he did

0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:39.000
<v Speaker 1>some um. Like I said, in the nineteen thirties, he

0:21:39.000 --> 0:21:43.120
<v Speaker 1>started studying the stuff with one of my favorite inventions,

0:21:43.600 --> 0:21:46.680
<v Speaker 1>um by his colleague Carl Zenter. Of course, if you

0:21:46.720 --> 0:21:50.399
<v Speaker 1>seen Ghostbusters he was using. He was using a version

0:21:50.440 --> 0:21:54.200
<v Speaker 1>of Zentner cards. Um. The shapes weren't all exactly. I

0:21:54.200 --> 0:21:57.200
<v Speaker 1>think there was one that was different Um and Ghostbusters,

0:21:57.240 --> 0:22:00.480
<v Speaker 1>But the original Zentner cards were was a deck of

0:22:00.520 --> 0:22:03.240
<v Speaker 1>twenty five Plaine white cards, with each of them had

0:22:03.680 --> 0:22:08.520
<v Speaker 1>one of five symbols, a circle plus sign, a square,

0:22:08.720 --> 0:22:12.919
<v Speaker 1>a star, five point star and the three wavy lines

0:22:13.720 --> 0:22:18.119
<v Speaker 1>like water a river. So what that is? Okay? And

0:22:18.160 --> 0:22:20.480
<v Speaker 1>the idea is that, just like in Ghostbusters, you hold

0:22:20.520 --> 0:22:24.280
<v Speaker 1>it up and UM asked the you know, not showing

0:22:24.320 --> 0:22:27.440
<v Speaker 1>them the card at obviously not the symbol, and say

0:22:27.480 --> 0:22:30.040
<v Speaker 1>what do you see? And they say what they see?

0:22:30.080 --> 0:22:33.000
<v Speaker 1>And then you record after the deck how many they got? Right? Right,

0:22:33.000 --> 0:22:35.679
<v Speaker 1>But the person holding the card is supposed to be

0:22:35.760 --> 0:22:39.639
<v Speaker 1>thinking about what they're seeing so that the other person,

0:22:39.800 --> 0:22:46.240
<v Speaker 1>the target, the receiver, can pick it up tele telepathically. Yeah,

0:22:46.280 --> 0:22:48.000
<v Speaker 1>and I did they have these online? I took the

0:22:48.000 --> 0:22:51.240
<v Speaker 1>test yesterday, UM, and I went through the deck and

0:22:51.320 --> 0:22:54.320
<v Speaker 1>I only got six out of and at the end

0:22:54.359 --> 0:22:58.200
<v Speaker 1>it just said you are not a psychic. Really, Yeah,

0:22:58.240 --> 0:23:01.600
<v Speaker 1>that was kind of funny. Statistically speaking for just one trial,

0:23:02.160 --> 0:23:05.480
<v Speaker 1>that is more than chance. You did better than chance,

0:23:05.520 --> 0:23:08.239
<v Speaker 1>So maybe you do have a touch six of what

0:23:08.400 --> 0:23:10.320
<v Speaker 1>what would chance to be a chance would be if

0:23:10.359 --> 0:23:14.280
<v Speaker 1>there's five different ones, and so this was six of

0:23:14.400 --> 0:23:21.760
<v Speaker 1>twenty four would be uh no, that's not no, that's less. Yeah, No,

0:23:22.320 --> 0:23:28.800
<v Speaker 1>you did six of you did, so five of five

0:23:28.840 --> 0:23:32.000
<v Speaker 1>would be chance. Okay, so I got one more? Yeah? Well,

0:23:32.040 --> 0:23:34.879
<v Speaker 1>and I think like three of the first eight or

0:23:34.920 --> 0:23:37.960
<v Speaker 1>so or six I got, and I was like, I've

0:23:37.960 --> 0:23:40.640
<v Speaker 1>got the gift, right, but I didn't know, like it's

0:23:40.720 --> 0:23:43.960
<v Speaker 1>randomly generated, and so it's not like someone was on

0:23:44.000 --> 0:23:47.040
<v Speaker 1>the other side thinking of that card. So I literally

0:23:47.080 --> 0:23:48.439
<v Speaker 1>I was like, what do I do? I was like,

0:23:48.480 --> 0:23:51.560
<v Speaker 1>I'm just guessing. So that brings up some interesting stuff,

0:23:51.600 --> 0:23:55.960
<v Speaker 1>like there's there's um evidence that when a machine is

0:23:56.000 --> 0:24:01.600
<v Speaker 1>involved that there is no telepathy. There would only be clairvoyance. Right,

0:24:02.440 --> 0:24:05.600
<v Speaker 1>So I mean if if if telepathy is you picking

0:24:05.680 --> 0:24:09.040
<v Speaker 1>up what's in someone else's mind and the computer is mindless,

0:24:09.440 --> 0:24:12.280
<v Speaker 1>then you shouldn't be able what you were saying, like

0:24:12.359 --> 0:24:14.720
<v Speaker 1>you should it shouldn't You should not be able to

0:24:14.760 --> 0:24:17.000
<v Speaker 1>know what zenter card it's going to pick next. Right,

0:24:17.680 --> 0:24:21.920
<v Speaker 1>But there have been investigations using computers and using machines

0:24:22.440 --> 0:24:27.040
<v Speaker 1>that show above chance that there is some sort of

0:24:27.080 --> 0:24:32.159
<v Speaker 1>weird interaction like a random number generators. So Princeton University

0:24:32.160 --> 0:24:36.160
<v Speaker 1>has a department called the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Department.

0:24:36.280 --> 0:24:40.119
<v Speaker 1>Pair right and pair has been doing studies for a

0:24:40.200 --> 0:24:44.200
<v Speaker 1>couple of decades. The millions of trials and basically they'll

0:24:44.200 --> 0:24:46.960
<v Speaker 1>say this is a random number generator or this this

0:24:47.040 --> 0:24:50.000
<v Speaker 1>machine operates randomly or whatever. We want you to think

0:24:50.119 --> 0:24:52.919
<v Speaker 1>of a number, and we want to see if you

0:24:52.920 --> 0:24:56.720
<v Speaker 1>can influence the numbers that this computer spits out. Oh

0:24:56.760 --> 0:25:00.159
<v Speaker 1>so you're thinking of the number, then you're okay. The

0:25:00.240 --> 0:25:02.960
<v Speaker 1>human is trying to affect the computer, the output the

0:25:02.960 --> 0:25:07.320
<v Speaker 1>behavior of the computer. Of course, if you're sitting across

0:25:07.400 --> 0:25:10.399
<v Speaker 1>the room or in another room thinking about a number

0:25:10.400 --> 0:25:12.879
<v Speaker 1>that a random generator should put out, it should have

0:25:13.240 --> 0:25:16.920
<v Speaker 1>zero effect whatsoever. It's a computer. The weird thing is

0:25:16.920 --> 0:25:20.800
<v Speaker 1>is what Princeton has found is that yes, over enough trials,

0:25:21.560 --> 0:25:26.360
<v Speaker 1>you there is a slight, very slight, but measurable effect

0:25:26.880 --> 0:25:30.760
<v Speaker 1>that human thought has on a random number generator. It's

0:25:30.920 --> 0:25:33.399
<v Speaker 1>it's on Princeton's website. And this is stuff that like

0:25:33.520 --> 0:25:36.399
<v Speaker 1>is apparently accepted in the in the scientific community that

0:25:36.480 --> 0:25:40.960
<v Speaker 1>the the the trials that they are running are so

0:25:41.359 --> 0:25:44.560
<v Speaker 1>widespread and so repeatable and have been done so many

0:25:44.600 --> 0:25:47.560
<v Speaker 1>times that the data that they're coming up with is

0:25:47.560 --> 0:25:53.080
<v Speaker 1>is it's significant. Well, Ryan, with his inner card experiments

0:25:53.080 --> 0:25:57.840
<v Speaker 1>in the thirties did find that some people um got

0:25:57.880 --> 0:26:00.879
<v Speaker 1>what they thought were pretty impressive results. It's like, you know,

0:26:00.960 --> 0:26:03.439
<v Speaker 1>a few I can't remember their names, but Hubert Pierce

0:26:03.760 --> 0:26:05.760
<v Speaker 1>was he one of them. He was the one how

0:26:05.800 --> 0:26:09.160
<v Speaker 1>many what was his percentage? He had one where he got, um,

0:26:09.400 --> 0:26:11.119
<v Speaker 1>remember how you got three in a row and you're like,

0:26:11.200 --> 0:26:13.760
<v Speaker 1>oh my god, he got twenty five in a row once.

0:26:16.160 --> 0:26:19.159
<v Speaker 1>Come on, no, I'm not kidding. He was also documented

0:26:19.160 --> 0:26:22.280
<v Speaker 1>iss selecting five hundred and fifty eight correct out of

0:26:22.359 --> 0:26:26.520
<v Speaker 1>eight hundred and fifty which is the odds of that

0:26:26.640 --> 0:26:30.600
<v Speaker 1>happening by chance, We're twenty two billion to one. Now,

0:26:30.640 --> 0:26:34.160
<v Speaker 1>were these the early experiments? Because okay, because I did

0:26:34.200 --> 0:26:37.560
<v Speaker 1>read that UM and this seems like I can't believe

0:26:37.560 --> 0:26:40.840
<v Speaker 1>he didn't check this. Apparently the early cards were a

0:26:40.880 --> 0:26:44.359
<v Speaker 1>little translucent. Oh yeah, some of them were. And then

0:26:44.359 --> 0:26:47.320
<v Speaker 1>he corrected for that and the and the percentages went

0:26:47.359 --> 0:26:51.080
<v Speaker 1>down and then they U I know other scientists said

0:26:51.119 --> 0:26:56.479
<v Speaker 1>that you are somehow influencing with your body. Tell like

0:26:56.560 --> 0:26:59.080
<v Speaker 1>you basically you don't have a good enough poker face. Yeah,

0:26:59.080 --> 0:27:02.240
<v Speaker 1>And the earliest um Ryan experiments with the center cards,

0:27:02.240 --> 0:27:04.560
<v Speaker 1>he would hold the card up and he'd be making

0:27:04.600 --> 0:27:09.200
<v Speaker 1>eye contact right right the guy. Yeah, the guess it

0:27:09.240 --> 0:27:12.080
<v Speaker 1>would be like is it the way line? And yeah,

0:27:12.119 --> 0:27:16.280
<v Speaker 1>he start shaking his head almost imperceptive. Um, but he

0:27:16.560 --> 0:27:21.840
<v Speaker 1>uh he, that's called sensory leakage, where you the person

0:27:22.119 --> 0:27:24.679
<v Speaker 1>who is um holding the card and knows where the

0:27:24.680 --> 0:27:28.600
<v Speaker 1>card is somehow, there's some detail about your face that

0:27:28.920 --> 0:27:32.359
<v Speaker 1>when you do a thousand trials with somebody, they start

0:27:32.440 --> 0:27:34.760
<v Speaker 1>to pick up on and it affects their guests. That

0:27:34.800 --> 0:27:38.399
<v Speaker 1>influences their guests. So to um correct for that, to

0:27:38.480 --> 0:27:44.919
<v Speaker 1>control for that a sensory leakage in that um, they

0:27:44.960 --> 0:27:49.240
<v Speaker 1>they came up with something called the gans Field experiment. Yes,

0:27:49.320 --> 0:27:54.520
<v Speaker 1>that's a German gunsfeld Um that means whole field in German.

0:27:54.600 --> 0:27:58.000
<v Speaker 1>And that is when they started putting people um, they

0:27:58.000 --> 0:28:01.679
<v Speaker 1>would start depriving their other sense is basically, uh, they

0:28:01.680 --> 0:28:05.240
<v Speaker 1>would be in a like a dimly lit room with

0:28:05.320 --> 0:28:08.359
<v Speaker 1>red lighting and they would have white noise, and they

0:28:08.359 --> 0:28:11.600
<v Speaker 1>would have their eyes covered with these uh special glasses

0:28:11.760 --> 0:28:14.679
<v Speaker 1>or ping pong balls cut in half like Kermit the fraud.

0:28:14.920 --> 0:28:16.879
<v Speaker 1>I guess later on they said, we should just make

0:28:16.920 --> 0:28:20.040
<v Speaker 1>some classes exactly We've got the funding. So basically the

0:28:20.080 --> 0:28:23.520
<v Speaker 1>idea was, let's rule out any uh any of that

0:28:24.400 --> 0:28:32.720
<v Speaker 1>gross censury leakage, which smells um. So yeah, Apparently later

0:28:32.800 --> 0:28:37.199
<v Speaker 1>on in Rhyan's experiments. Um, after he started controlling for stuff,

0:28:37.560 --> 0:28:43.600
<v Speaker 1>the percentages started to drop. Yeah. Correct, Um, he's he was.

0:28:43.600 --> 0:28:49.040
<v Speaker 1>Also he's generally a respected researcher for a couple of reasons. One,

0:28:49.480 --> 0:28:54.120
<v Speaker 1>whenever he did whenever evidence of like um, some sort

0:28:54.160 --> 0:28:57.400
<v Speaker 1>of bias or fraud or something was brought to him,

0:28:57.440 --> 0:29:00.720
<v Speaker 1>he corrected for it. He wore glasses in a white right.

0:29:00.840 --> 0:29:04.520
<v Speaker 1>That was another one. Um. But also he was daring

0:29:04.640 --> 0:29:11.240
<v Speaker 1>enough to stake his entire career on a field of

0:29:11.400 --> 0:29:16.960
<v Speaker 1>study that will get anybody mocked publicly privately. Um, can

0:29:17.040 --> 0:29:19.920
<v Speaker 1>really shut down a lot of opportunities for you. This

0:29:20.000 --> 0:29:24.280
<v Speaker 1>guy and his wife, Louisa Ryan both dedicated their careers

0:29:24.360 --> 0:29:28.640
<v Speaker 1>to establishing the field of parapsychology and really studying it

0:29:28.960 --> 0:29:31.400
<v Speaker 1>and then just walking away from it. I don't think

0:29:31.400 --> 0:29:34.040
<v Speaker 1>he was like, I really want to prove this is true?

0:29:34.240 --> 0:29:38.360
<v Speaker 1>Was he? Uh? Yes, he did? That was that was

0:29:38.400 --> 0:29:44.160
<v Speaker 1>a huge criticism of him. He was a definite believer. Um.

0:29:44.240 --> 0:29:47.800
<v Speaker 1>He was quoted by I don't know what the guy's

0:29:47.800 --> 0:29:50.160
<v Speaker 1>steal was, but one day he was visited by one

0:29:50.240 --> 0:29:53.880
<v Speaker 1>person and the interviewer who went on to write a

0:29:54.000 --> 0:29:57.560
<v Speaker 1>paper I think in scientific American to expose him. He

0:29:57.640 --> 0:30:01.760
<v Speaker 1>said he kept a file of people of the results

0:30:01.760 --> 0:30:07.320
<v Speaker 1>of tests where um, people he suspected were purposefully getting

0:30:07.360 --> 0:30:10.600
<v Speaker 1>things wrong because they didn't like him to mess with

0:30:10.640 --> 0:30:13.239
<v Speaker 1>his data, he just took those and never published him.

0:30:13.360 --> 0:30:16.720
<v Speaker 1>He didn't include him in the results, which would definitely

0:30:16.720 --> 0:30:21.880
<v Speaker 1>affect the number of correct hits. Right. Um, that was

0:30:21.920 --> 0:30:25.160
<v Speaker 1>a huge criticism. That's not good science at all. But

0:30:25.200 --> 0:30:28.040
<v Speaker 1>he was definitely a believer, which was another criticism. But

0:30:28.120 --> 0:30:30.920
<v Speaker 1>he was daring and he did um. There was another

0:30:30.960 --> 0:30:34.120
<v Speaker 1>story where it's called the Levy affair where a guy

0:30:34.200 --> 0:30:37.360
<v Speaker 1>named Levy, who was an electrical engineer working in the lab,

0:30:38.360 --> 0:30:43.480
<v Speaker 1>unplugged uh, I guess the censor that would correct negative

0:30:43.560 --> 0:30:46.440
<v Speaker 1>hits for a little while during a trial, so that

0:30:46.520 --> 0:30:49.240
<v Speaker 1>all that were recorded for a little bit were positive hits,

0:30:50.040 --> 0:30:52.560
<v Speaker 1>um and so, and then he plugged it back in. Well,

0:30:52.640 --> 0:30:54.800
<v Speaker 1>this one guy saw what the guy was doing and

0:30:54.840 --> 0:30:57.200
<v Speaker 1>went to Ryan. And Ryan went to the guy Levy

0:30:57.240 --> 0:30:58.680
<v Speaker 1>and said, did you do this? And let me say,

0:30:58.760 --> 0:31:01.120
<v Speaker 1>just it's like you're fired, and just like through the

0:31:01.160 --> 0:31:04.080
<v Speaker 1>results away and all that. So he wasn't like he

0:31:04.160 --> 0:31:06.080
<v Speaker 1>was a true believer, but he wasn't just some like

0:31:06.120 --> 0:31:09.640
<v Speaker 1>outright fraud, right right, But he was and still is

0:31:09.720 --> 0:31:13.480
<v Speaker 1>under the microscope as much as probably any researcher in

0:31:13.520 --> 0:31:16.479
<v Speaker 1>all of academia ever has been. All right, well, right

0:31:16.480 --> 0:31:18.880
<v Speaker 1>after this break, we'll talk a little bit about what

0:31:19.040 --> 0:31:38.520
<v Speaker 1>skeptics say about ESP All right, Josh. One thing you'll

0:31:38.520 --> 0:31:43.080
<v Speaker 1>hear skeptics say a lot is extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.

0:31:43.760 --> 0:31:46.520
<v Speaker 1>And I have to agree with him, and Uh, it

0:31:46.640 --> 0:31:50.400
<v Speaker 1>is an extraordinary claim here. And UM, so far there

0:31:50.440 --> 0:31:54.880
<v Speaker 1>hasn't been um extraordinary evidence. And one of the things

0:31:54.960 --> 0:31:57.000
<v Speaker 1>I pointed to earlier that I think is what's going

0:31:57.040 --> 0:31:59.600
<v Speaker 1>on if you look at statistics, you look at six

0:31:59.640 --> 0:32:04.480
<v Speaker 1>billion people on planet Earth, uh, and them thinking a

0:32:04.520 --> 0:32:07.920
<v Speaker 1>good zillion things each day. And that is scientific, by

0:32:07.920 --> 0:32:11.960
<v Speaker 1>the way. Um, at some point somebody is going to

0:32:12.040 --> 0:32:14.880
<v Speaker 1>think something that it mirrors something that happens in the

0:32:14.880 --> 0:32:18.280
<v Speaker 1>near future. Uh, And it's just chance and coincidence. I

0:32:18.320 --> 0:32:21.280
<v Speaker 1>have a great example of that, man. It happened this

0:32:21.400 --> 0:32:25.080
<v Speaker 1>very morning. Yeah I did. Um. I was at the printer.

0:32:25.560 --> 0:32:27.840
<v Speaker 1>You know, we just moved offices, and I was at

0:32:27.880 --> 0:32:30.160
<v Speaker 1>the printer and I had like an extra piece of

0:32:30.200 --> 0:32:32.560
<v Speaker 1>paper that I didn't need, and I realized, like, we

0:32:32.640 --> 0:32:35.880
<v Speaker 1>have no paper recycling here. So on my way back

0:32:36.040 --> 0:32:38.280
<v Speaker 1>yet that is everyone out there. It's like, what kind

0:32:38.280 --> 0:32:40.360
<v Speaker 1>of office would have, right, we just said we have

0:32:40.400 --> 0:32:42.640
<v Speaker 1>a we have a fifty gallon drum that we throw

0:32:42.760 --> 0:32:45.600
<v Speaker 1>stuff into that it catches on fire and then we

0:32:45.640 --> 0:32:47.640
<v Speaker 1>send it up a burning drum, that's what it's called.

0:32:47.680 --> 0:32:50.880
<v Speaker 1>Now we're getting those soon, um, right, and we are

0:32:50.920 --> 0:32:52.720
<v Speaker 1>getting hip soon. I know this because on my way

0:32:52.760 --> 0:32:55.480
<v Speaker 1>back to my desk, I popped into Izzy, the I

0:32:55.600 --> 0:32:58.320
<v Speaker 1>T guy who's also the head of all recycling and

0:32:58.360 --> 0:33:02.280
<v Speaker 1>stuff here. It's like, is he need a paper recycling

0:33:02.360 --> 0:33:06.320
<v Speaker 1>bins by the printer? And he goes, I'm writing an

0:33:06.360 --> 0:33:10.160
<v Speaker 1>email right now to everybody about that very thing. You

0:33:10.200 --> 0:33:15.520
<v Speaker 1>almost did your USY impression close, um, And so like

0:33:16.520 --> 0:33:19.920
<v Speaker 1>I thought about it. That's pretty amazing, you know. But

0:33:20.080 --> 0:33:22.960
<v Speaker 1>it was about nine in the morning, and this is

0:33:23.000 --> 0:33:25.080
<v Speaker 1>a company wide email, so it would be something that

0:33:25.160 --> 0:33:27.600
<v Speaker 1>is he would probably knock out about that time. The

0:33:27.640 --> 0:33:29.520
<v Speaker 1>reason I was thinking of is because I was just

0:33:29.640 --> 0:33:32.920
<v Speaker 1>at the printer. We just moved into this office and

0:33:32.960 --> 0:33:34.959
<v Speaker 1>we didn't have bins yet, so it was still a

0:33:35.000 --> 0:33:38.040
<v Speaker 1>potential thing for somebody to be thinking about. Or doing

0:33:38.160 --> 0:33:41.160
<v Speaker 1>or writing an email about UM. And so there's all

0:33:41.200 --> 0:33:45.480
<v Speaker 1>these different really overlooked variables or factors to this whole

0:33:45.520 --> 0:33:48.240
<v Speaker 1>thing that that you don't think of. Instead, it just

0:33:48.280 --> 0:33:52.360
<v Speaker 1>seems like an amazing coincidence or ESP. To me, the

0:33:52.400 --> 0:33:55.640
<v Speaker 1>really significant thing was that I happened to be researching

0:33:55.920 --> 0:33:58.760
<v Speaker 1>ESP while this happened. That's what it really kind of

0:33:58.760 --> 0:34:01.560
<v Speaker 1>stood out to me. But if you really kind of

0:34:01.560 --> 0:34:03.760
<v Speaker 1>look at it, like, there's a finite amount of things

0:34:03.800 --> 0:34:06.520
<v Speaker 1>that people could think about in any given day, in

0:34:06.560 --> 0:34:09.200
<v Speaker 1>any giving context, in an office or something like that.

0:34:09.640 --> 0:34:13.280
<v Speaker 1>Like had I been a goat at a petting zoo

0:34:13.560 --> 0:34:16.640
<v Speaker 1>and I went over and UM talked to the cow

0:34:16.719 --> 0:34:21.360
<v Speaker 1>and the cow was writing the email about recycling bins. Maybe,

0:34:22.120 --> 0:34:24.600
<v Speaker 1>but we're in an office. I'm talking to the guy

0:34:24.680 --> 0:34:27.920
<v Speaker 1>about recycling bins. There's just a lot of stuff that

0:34:27.960 --> 0:34:30.319
<v Speaker 1>you kind of once you take that into account, it

0:34:30.400 --> 0:34:33.319
<v Speaker 1>becomes less amazing. Like like the the guy writing the

0:34:33.360 --> 0:34:35.839
<v Speaker 1>Titan Titanic book. Yeah, you know, I used to happen

0:34:35.880 --> 0:34:37.600
<v Speaker 1>to me, now that I think of it, is UM.

0:34:37.880 --> 0:34:40.040
<v Speaker 1>I used to And this it's weird. It was only

0:34:40.040 --> 0:34:42.560
<v Speaker 1>with phone land lines that hadn't happened with the cell phone.

0:34:42.960 --> 0:34:46.399
<v Speaker 1>But I used to like, no, the phone was gonna

0:34:46.480 --> 0:34:49.280
<v Speaker 1>ring right before it rang, like almost go to reach

0:34:49.320 --> 0:34:52.840
<v Speaker 1>for it. Um. And I mean it's not like it

0:34:52.840 --> 0:34:54.640
<v Speaker 1>happened all the time, but it happened enough times where

0:34:54.680 --> 0:34:56.440
<v Speaker 1>I was like, that's weird. Sure, I know what you're

0:34:56.440 --> 0:34:58.920
<v Speaker 1>talking about, but and that was all it was to me.

0:34:58.960 --> 0:35:01.480
<v Speaker 1>I was not like I the gift. But think about

0:35:01.480 --> 0:35:06.800
<v Speaker 1>it in in that respect to you know people, So

0:35:06.960 --> 0:35:08.560
<v Speaker 1>was it you knew who was calling or just that

0:35:08.600 --> 0:35:10.440
<v Speaker 1>the phone was about to just that it was about

0:35:10.440 --> 0:35:12.319
<v Speaker 1>to ring. Now, yeah, that is weird. You definitely do

0:35:12.360 --> 0:35:18.600
<v Speaker 1>have esp yeah, um. Or maybe I don't know, maybe

0:35:18.600 --> 0:35:21.600
<v Speaker 1>the phone made a little tick noise right before it

0:35:21.680 --> 0:35:24.959
<v Speaker 1>rang that I didn't pick up on, but only subconsciously.

0:35:24.960 --> 0:35:29.279
<v Speaker 1>You know. Well that's another explanation for today that um right,

0:35:29.640 --> 0:35:34.400
<v Speaker 1>that um there is uh subliminal stuff in the environment

0:35:35.000 --> 0:35:38.000
<v Speaker 1>that is just too weak in nature for us to

0:35:38.080 --> 0:35:41.719
<v Speaker 1>pick up on consciously, but our unconscious does or subconscious does,

0:35:42.200 --> 0:35:44.560
<v Speaker 1>which frankly opens up a whole other can of worms.

0:35:45.080 --> 0:35:48.040
<v Speaker 1>You know, as far as you know, how real is

0:35:48.080 --> 0:35:52.160
<v Speaker 1>that kind of thing there? But probably a little closer

0:35:52.200 --> 0:35:56.560
<v Speaker 1>to reality is the idea that um our attention isn't

0:35:56.600 --> 0:35:59.360
<v Speaker 1>focused on everything that we're picking up at all times,

0:35:59.680 --> 0:36:01.640
<v Speaker 1>like like I see your beard and I see your

0:36:01.680 --> 0:36:03.840
<v Speaker 1>shirt and everything, but I'm still also picking up like

0:36:03.920 --> 0:36:06.879
<v Speaker 1>sensory information from like Jerry's computer that I can see

0:36:06.880 --> 0:36:09.760
<v Speaker 1>in my peripheral vision or whatever. My attention isn't focused

0:36:09.800 --> 0:36:12.920
<v Speaker 1>on it, but my brain is still receiving information. So

0:36:13.000 --> 0:36:15.359
<v Speaker 1>the idea that our brains can put it together all

0:36:15.400 --> 0:36:19.840
<v Speaker 1>this information that we're not aware consciously that we're receiving, um,

0:36:19.880 --> 0:36:23.560
<v Speaker 1>but we're still getting impressions from it. That'sh that that

0:36:23.719 --> 0:36:26.839
<v Speaker 1>could be a great explanation for ESP as well. Yeah,

0:36:26.880 --> 0:36:28.239
<v Speaker 1>and you know what, now that I think about it,

0:36:28.640 --> 0:36:31.000
<v Speaker 1>the fact that it's never happened with my cell phone

0:36:31.160 --> 0:36:34.440
<v Speaker 1>sort of makes sense because maybe there it was a

0:36:34.440 --> 0:36:37.759
<v Speaker 1>mechanical function a landline, right, Yeah, like you said a

0:36:37.800 --> 0:36:39.719
<v Speaker 1>click or a tick, but I think you meant like

0:36:39.719 --> 0:36:42.239
<v Speaker 1>a click And it wasn't even the newer model. This

0:36:42.280 --> 0:36:44.920
<v Speaker 1>was back in the day when it was like yeah,

0:36:45.000 --> 0:36:49.359
<v Speaker 1>ringing like bell, So maybe that does explain it. Yeah,

0:36:49.400 --> 0:36:51.680
<v Speaker 1>I've got another good example that I came across and

0:36:51.800 --> 0:36:54.920
<v Speaker 1>researching this. UM. Let's say that you and I are

0:36:54.920 --> 0:37:00.640
<v Speaker 1>hanging out and you're humming baby, I'm five work right,

0:37:00.960 --> 0:37:02.680
<v Speaker 1>just over and over again. I don't know that song,

0:37:02.760 --> 0:37:06.360
<v Speaker 1>but I'm reading Yes you do, No, don't, Yeah you do? It?

0:37:06.480 --> 0:37:10.120
<v Speaker 1>Was it Katy Perry? I don't know Katy Perry anyway, um,

0:37:10.239 --> 0:37:11.880
<v Speaker 1>although I will have to say I did love that

0:37:11.960 --> 0:37:16.160
<v Speaker 1>halftime show. It was great, well it was. It was hysterical.

0:37:16.280 --> 0:37:18.840
<v Speaker 1>What's up with the sharks being a meme? Now? I

0:37:18.920 --> 0:37:21.080
<v Speaker 1>would think they were really significant. She looked like she

0:37:21.200 --> 0:37:24.000
<v Speaker 1>was worked at corn Dog on a Stick. I don't

0:37:24.000 --> 0:37:26.160
<v Speaker 1>know what that is. That's not all corn dogs around sticks.

0:37:26.400 --> 0:37:28.640
<v Speaker 1>It's that place in our hot Dog on a Stick

0:37:28.640 --> 0:37:30.319
<v Speaker 1>that was called that place in the mall where they

0:37:30.320 --> 0:37:34.919
<v Speaker 1>wore those big giant Yeah. No, I don't know anything

0:37:34.920 --> 0:37:37.360
<v Speaker 1>about Katy Perry. But it was the funniest most but

0:37:37.640 --> 0:37:41.200
<v Speaker 1>like the crazy just kept coming and coming, and I

0:37:41.239 --> 0:37:42.840
<v Speaker 1>was like, this is the best thing I've ever seen.

0:37:43.080 --> 0:37:46.239
<v Speaker 1>So anyway, in this universe, you're well aware of Katy

0:37:46.320 --> 0:37:48.800
<v Speaker 1>Perry and her song Firework, and you're humming it to yourself.

0:37:48.840 --> 0:37:52.919
<v Speaker 1>But I'm sitting there reading The New Yorker and I'm

0:37:52.920 --> 0:37:55.960
<v Speaker 1>engrossed in it and not I don't notice that you

0:37:56.080 --> 0:37:58.480
<v Speaker 1>get up to go make some nachos, and you come

0:37:58.480 --> 0:38:01.359
<v Speaker 1>back in, and you catch my attention because you're you're

0:38:01.360 --> 0:38:03.600
<v Speaker 1>coming back in with some nachos and they smell awesome.

0:38:04.120 --> 0:38:06.160
<v Speaker 1>And now my attention is directed to you, and you're

0:38:06.160 --> 0:38:10.279
<v Speaker 1>still humming Firework, right, And I'm like, I was just

0:38:10.440 --> 0:38:13.319
<v Speaker 1>thinking about that song Firework. I had that in my head.

0:38:13.360 --> 0:38:15.920
<v Speaker 1>How crazy we must be connected. I didn't realize that

0:38:15.960 --> 0:38:19.680
<v Speaker 1>you had been humming it earlier, and beneath my awareness

0:38:20.360 --> 0:38:23.840
<v Speaker 1>I picked it up. Although once I became aware that

0:38:23.920 --> 0:38:27.000
<v Speaker 1>you were humming it, it seemed to me like I

0:38:27.000 --> 0:38:30.480
<v Speaker 1>had ESP. Well, yeah, and that ties into another explanation

0:38:30.760 --> 0:38:33.200
<v Speaker 1>is that people who do seem to have that gift

0:38:33.239 --> 0:38:37.880
<v Speaker 1>are just really really hyper observant on minute details, like

0:38:37.960 --> 0:38:41.480
<v Speaker 1>the same people that can pick up on micro expressions. Um,

0:38:41.520 --> 0:38:43.279
<v Speaker 1>they might feel like they have the gift because they're

0:38:43.320 --> 0:38:46.600
<v Speaker 1>just really in tune to what's going on around them

0:38:46.719 --> 0:38:48.839
<v Speaker 1>or not just you know, like a big lunk head

0:38:48.840 --> 0:38:51.160
<v Speaker 1>walking around. So a lot of people who believe in

0:38:51.160 --> 0:38:56.960
<v Speaker 1>the ESP say, yes, we agree with that, especially parapsychology researchers,

0:38:57.320 --> 0:39:00.000
<v Speaker 1>and there are still plenty of respected ones out there.

0:39:00.040 --> 0:39:03.160
<v Speaker 1>Is a guy named darry O Bem. Yeah, I saw

0:39:03.200 --> 0:39:05.040
<v Speaker 1>that thing. He said. He's been doing this for a

0:39:05.040 --> 0:39:08.279
<v Speaker 1>while now legitimately we should talk about him. But there

0:39:08.560 --> 0:39:13.000
<v Speaker 1>to button up that point, there is UM a lot

0:39:13.040 --> 0:39:17.040
<v Speaker 1>of parapsychologists or even just plain old psychologists who are

0:39:17.040 --> 0:39:23.400
<v Speaker 1>researching ESPUM who say, yes, that definitely most likely accounts

0:39:23.440 --> 0:39:26.680
<v Speaker 1>for almost all of it, and that's good for us

0:39:26.680 --> 0:39:28.400
<v Speaker 1>to be thinking about that, and that in and of

0:39:28.440 --> 0:39:33.399
<v Speaker 1>itself deserves like academic inquiry and research. Right, But there

0:39:33.440 --> 0:39:36.680
<v Speaker 1>are still some experience experiments that are being produced by

0:39:36.680 --> 0:39:41.120
<v Speaker 1>guys like Darry Obem that UM are showing some weird

0:39:41.200 --> 0:39:44.680
<v Speaker 1>results that go beyond this kind of explanation. Yeah. And

0:39:44.680 --> 0:39:46.520
<v Speaker 1>and one of the problems, well we'll talk about the

0:39:46.560 --> 0:39:50.279
<v Speaker 1>problems with even this research um about it being reproducible

0:39:50.320 --> 0:39:52.800
<v Speaker 1>in a second. But he did a couple of experiments.

0:39:52.840 --> 0:39:57.439
<v Speaker 1>This is from NPR. Crow wrote this, Yeah, from from

0:39:57.800 --> 0:40:01.839
<v Speaker 1>from radio LAMB Nice. I didn't know that, um. These

0:40:01.880 --> 0:40:03.480
<v Speaker 1>are the two that he pointed out. He did nine

0:40:03.520 --> 0:40:08.000
<v Speaker 1>different experiments, but the two that he highlighted was at Cornell,

0:40:08.080 --> 0:40:11.719
<v Speaker 1>which is where bim is a does his work. Right. Yeah,

0:40:11.760 --> 0:40:15.760
<v Speaker 1>and he's again a very respected psychologist, and this study

0:40:16.000 --> 0:40:19.440
<v Speaker 1>that of these experiments was published in the Journal of

0:40:19.800 --> 0:40:24.680
<v Speaker 1>Personality and Social Psychology, which is a respected journal. Yeah, um,

0:40:24.760 --> 0:40:26.640
<v Speaker 1>so they The first one was a computer quiz. They

0:40:26.680 --> 0:40:32.719
<v Speaker 1>took a hundred students, fifty males and fifty women, and um. Basically,

0:40:32.760 --> 0:40:36.000
<v Speaker 1>they showed a computer screen with two little curtains on it,

0:40:36.040 --> 0:40:39.600
<v Speaker 1>side by side and said, behind one is nothing a

0:40:39.600 --> 0:40:44.800
<v Speaker 1>brick wall, and behind the other is something sexy. Yeah,

0:40:45.120 --> 0:40:47.239
<v Speaker 1>some kind of you know, I was about to call

0:40:47.280 --> 0:40:56.719
<v Speaker 1>it pornographic, but who knows. Maybe it's art erodess. Yeah, gross, Um,

0:40:57.120 --> 0:40:58.719
<v Speaker 1>that just makes you feel like you're dad saying it

0:40:58.800 --> 0:41:00.640
<v Speaker 1>or something. Yeah, well, this room too small for you

0:41:00.680 --> 0:41:06.520
<v Speaker 1>to say. Um. So basically he would say, you tell me, um,

0:41:06.560 --> 0:41:09.000
<v Speaker 1>what what you think you're going to see? And they

0:41:09.040 --> 0:41:11.479
<v Speaker 1>were all hooked up to uh two machines to read

0:41:11.520 --> 0:41:13.120
<v Speaker 1>the you know, they're what's going on in their body

0:41:13.120 --> 0:41:16.160
<v Speaker 1>of course, and um, you would think it would be

0:41:16.200 --> 0:41:19.600
<v Speaker 1>a fifty results, but they actually got a fifty three

0:41:19.640 --> 0:41:24.479
<v Speaker 1>point one percent result for the what UH craw Witch

0:41:24.520 --> 0:41:32.920
<v Speaker 1>calls erotic stimuli. Um. And basically they they think, or

0:41:33.120 --> 0:41:36.719
<v Speaker 1>at least that's what BEM thinks, is that one possibility

0:41:36.800 --> 0:41:38.440
<v Speaker 1>is that if there's if they think they're going to

0:41:38.520 --> 0:41:43.880
<v Speaker 1>see something erotically stimulating, then um, it got passed back

0:41:43.960 --> 0:41:46.840
<v Speaker 1>through time. Yeah, that's kind of his position, is that

0:41:46.960 --> 0:41:51.839
<v Speaker 1>retrocognition thing. Yeah, that they somehow their future selves who

0:41:51.880 --> 0:41:56.640
<v Speaker 1>saw the erotic image was stimulated enough that that stimulation

0:41:56.719 --> 0:42:00.440
<v Speaker 1>traveled backwards three seconds and influenced their choice because they

0:42:00.440 --> 0:42:04.800
<v Speaker 1>were they would be slightly stimulated physiologically right before they guess.

0:42:05.760 --> 0:42:09.640
<v Speaker 1>And he said, before the computer even chose which which

0:42:09.680 --> 0:42:12.440
<v Speaker 1>one to show? Right, they right, they were making their

0:42:12.520 --> 0:42:16.640
<v Speaker 1>choices often correct, Um, before the computer chose to show

0:42:16.680 --> 0:42:20.759
<v Speaker 1>an erotic or non erotic image. And it doesn't sound

0:42:20.800 --> 0:42:22.879
<v Speaker 1>like much, but crow which points out a couple of things.

0:42:22.920 --> 0:42:26.640
<v Speaker 1>One that um, when there was a control group that

0:42:26.719 --> 0:42:30.120
<v Speaker 1>was shown just non erotic pictures, they did forty nine

0:42:30.480 --> 0:42:35.439
<v Speaker 1>eight percent correct, which is chance. They're all not happy, right,

0:42:35.480 --> 0:42:37.520
<v Speaker 1>They're like, we don't want to be the control They're like,

0:42:37.560 --> 0:42:40.440
<v Speaker 1>can we get a little steamier in here? Um? But

0:42:40.560 --> 0:42:44.600
<v Speaker 1>and he he also pointed out that fifty three point one,

0:42:44.680 --> 0:42:50.560
<v Speaker 1>to be specific, doesn't sound like much, but um, apparently

0:42:50.719 --> 0:42:56.240
<v Speaker 1>that's a point two percent chance where on a scale

0:42:56.320 --> 0:42:59.840
<v Speaker 1>between zero and one, where zero is it's not going

0:42:59.880 --> 0:43:03.360
<v Speaker 1>to happen, and one is that it's definitely gonna happen.

0:43:04.520 --> 0:43:08.200
<v Speaker 1>And apparently, as far as um correlation goes, or links

0:43:08.280 --> 0:43:12.560
<v Speaker 1>between two things something affecting another, a point too is

0:43:12.600 --> 0:43:16.120
<v Speaker 1>about the same as the link between aspirin and heart

0:43:16.120 --> 0:43:20.880
<v Speaker 1>attack prevention. Um, the link between calcium and taken bone mass,

0:43:21.440 --> 0:43:24.279
<v Speaker 1>the link between second hand smoke and lung cancer. So

0:43:24.400 --> 0:43:29.680
<v Speaker 1>things that are touted is like, pay attention to this, yes, yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly.

0:43:29.719 --> 0:43:32.200
<v Speaker 1>So so stuff that we accepted is like, yeah, yeah,

0:43:32.360 --> 0:43:34.720
<v Speaker 1>if you're around second hand smoke you can get cancer

0:43:34.760 --> 0:43:39.920
<v Speaker 1>from has the same exactly it is and um. Later on,

0:43:40.000 --> 0:43:44.359
<v Speaker 1>a meta analysis of Bem's experiments, some other experiments that

0:43:44.400 --> 0:43:47.239
<v Speaker 1>were carried out afterward, and then some other experiments all

0:43:47.280 --> 0:43:53.280
<v Speaker 1>grouped together. A meta analysis showed that um, they they weren't.

0:43:54.520 --> 0:43:57.359
<v Speaker 1>It wasn't statistically significant if you took all of the

0:43:57.400 --> 0:44:01.640
<v Speaker 1>existing body of literature of these experiment but it was

0:44:01.680 --> 0:44:06.319
<v Speaker 1>a New Scientist article, and um, it was pretty cool.

0:44:06.520 --> 0:44:10.600
<v Speaker 1>In the comments section, somebody said, yeah, it's not reproducible,

0:44:10.640 --> 0:44:14.040
<v Speaker 1>but a lot of science isn't reproducible. And it reminded

0:44:14.080 --> 0:44:17.359
<v Speaker 1>me of our scientific method episode where like apparently a

0:44:17.360 --> 0:44:22.640
<v Speaker 1>lot of um trials that that like pharmaceuticals are based

0:44:22.640 --> 0:44:26.360
<v Speaker 1>on aren't reproducible. Wasn't it like them? Which doesn't surprise

0:44:26.400 --> 0:44:28.279
<v Speaker 1>me of course. Yeah, all right. And then there was

0:44:28.280 --> 0:44:30.640
<v Speaker 1>this other experiment that I need you to explain to

0:44:30.680 --> 0:44:33.640
<v Speaker 1>me because I didn't understand it. Okay, you're ready, Like

0:44:33.680 --> 0:44:35.760
<v Speaker 1>I got the first part, but I didn't. I didn't.

0:44:35.960 --> 0:44:37.719
<v Speaker 1>It didn't make sense to me because it's a little

0:44:37.719 --> 0:44:40.919
<v Speaker 1>mind blowing. So you know how like if you are

0:44:41.200 --> 0:44:44.880
<v Speaker 1>studying something and you write it down, it gets in

0:44:44.880 --> 0:44:47.440
<v Speaker 1>your brain a little more so that when you're tested

0:44:47.480 --> 0:44:51.520
<v Speaker 1>on it later, uh, you will recall it more easily. Yeah,

0:44:51.600 --> 0:44:55.360
<v Speaker 1>that's a common study method, write something down. So Bem

0:44:55.400 --> 0:44:58.040
<v Speaker 1>carried out a very simple experiment that did the opposite

0:44:58.040 --> 0:45:01.439
<v Speaker 1>of that. First, he showed some people a bunch of

0:45:01.480 --> 0:45:04.520
<v Speaker 1>a bunch of words, forty eight random words. I think

0:45:04.520 --> 0:45:06.520
<v Speaker 1>now it's like tree or something like that, and he

0:45:06.640 --> 0:45:09.000
<v Speaker 1>told them to visualize it though, right, right, So they

0:45:09.000 --> 0:45:11.239
<v Speaker 1>saw all forty eight words and thought about them, not

0:45:11.360 --> 0:45:14.359
<v Speaker 1>visualized the letters, but visualized the thing, right, like see

0:45:14.360 --> 0:45:16.959
<v Speaker 1>the tree, and just just to kind of try to

0:45:17.320 --> 0:45:22.320
<v Speaker 1>memorize all forty eight words. Then the computer randomly selected

0:45:22.320 --> 0:45:25.879
<v Speaker 1>twenty four of those words, and then after they'd done that,

0:45:26.640 --> 0:45:29.719
<v Speaker 1>BEM gave them a test of recall to see how

0:45:29.800 --> 0:45:33.080
<v Speaker 1>many they recalled right. So the people I had to

0:45:33.120 --> 0:45:38.200
<v Speaker 1>type out the the the words they recalled. Then after that,

0:45:39.000 --> 0:45:43.040
<v Speaker 1>the computer randomly selected twenty four of the forty eight

0:45:43.080 --> 0:45:46.200
<v Speaker 1>words for the people to type after they had already

0:45:46.239 --> 0:45:50.320
<v Speaker 1>taken the test of recall. And those twenty four words

0:45:51.160 --> 0:45:54.360
<v Speaker 1>are the ones that people more consistently got right on

0:45:54.480 --> 0:45:59.279
<v Speaker 1>the earlier tests. So it's it's another example of that

0:45:59.360 --> 0:46:03.719
<v Speaker 1>retroco mission that these people getting the words in their

0:46:03.719 --> 0:46:07.680
<v Speaker 1>heads after the tests somehow went backward and influenced their

0:46:07.760 --> 0:46:11.440
<v Speaker 1>recall and memory for the test that they took before

0:46:11.520 --> 0:46:16.120
<v Speaker 1>they learned them. That makes more sense a little, Yeah,

0:46:16.200 --> 0:46:18.600
<v Speaker 1>it is a little let's see, time travel melts my

0:46:18.640 --> 0:46:21.000
<v Speaker 1>brain too, right. So this guy published this stuff in

0:46:21.040 --> 0:46:23.520
<v Speaker 1>like two thousand and ten, and like it was, it

0:46:23.600 --> 0:46:28.000
<v Speaker 1>made a huge, huge splash, huge criticism. The academic journal

0:46:28.080 --> 0:46:31.600
<v Speaker 1>was criticized, and Ben was you know, pilloried and all that.

0:46:31.680 --> 0:46:37.720
<v Speaker 1>But he's still you know, put out these these very reproducible, understandable,

0:46:37.840 --> 0:46:42.560
<v Speaker 1>simple exercises that still showed statistically speaking, there were some

0:46:42.640 --> 0:46:45.919
<v Speaker 1>significant results that went beyond chance. So when it comes

0:46:45.960 --> 0:46:49.560
<v Speaker 1>to debunking UM esp one thing that you're not gonna

0:46:50.200 --> 0:46:51.840
<v Speaker 1>you know, you said fraud, You're not gonna see a

0:46:51.920 --> 0:46:57.080
<v Speaker 1>lot of people call researchers outright frauds because that's just

0:46:57.400 --> 0:47:01.000
<v Speaker 1>sort of a dangerous thing to say. Sure, it's not nice, um,

0:47:01.040 --> 0:47:03.880
<v Speaker 1>but there are people out there who I guess or

0:47:03.920 --> 0:47:08.280
<v Speaker 1>criticized for, you know, basically trying to call out UM.

0:47:08.320 --> 0:47:10.920
<v Speaker 1>And this is something completely different. But these these on

0:47:11.120 --> 0:47:14.680
<v Speaker 1>stage psychic shows like crossing Over with John Edwards, Yeah,

0:47:14.760 --> 0:47:17.879
<v Speaker 1>like it's easy to pick those people out and say

0:47:17.920 --> 0:47:20.440
<v Speaker 1>you're a big fraud and this is not true of course,

0:47:20.480 --> 0:47:23.359
<v Speaker 1>And all you're doing is cold reading. Uh cold reading

0:47:23.400 --> 0:47:26.840
<v Speaker 1>we talked about in the Animal Um Pet Psychics episode.

0:47:27.560 --> 0:47:30.120
<v Speaker 1>That's basically when you get up on stage and you say, sir,

0:47:30.239 --> 0:47:34.600
<v Speaker 1>I'm sensing um someone there you're having some trouble with

0:47:34.600 --> 0:47:38.359
<v Speaker 1>with another man in your life. Uh with the name

0:47:39.000 --> 0:47:42.799
<v Speaker 1>of j or or is it h or oh, or

0:47:42.840 --> 0:47:46.759
<v Speaker 1>maybe it's p Yes, p my my boss, Uh Peter, Yes,

0:47:46.840 --> 0:47:49.480
<v Speaker 1>yes exactly. And that's all a cold reading is. It's

0:47:49.480 --> 0:47:51.960
<v Speaker 1>throwing out these really broad things that anyone can latch onto.

0:47:52.480 --> 0:47:55.359
<v Speaker 1>So it's really easy to call uh, those people out.

0:47:55.400 --> 0:47:58.840
<v Speaker 1>And there's a guy, um sort of a guy famous

0:47:58.840 --> 0:48:01.960
<v Speaker 1>for doing that. His name is um James Randy, and

0:48:02.000 --> 0:48:05.600
<v Speaker 1>he's famous for his offer of one million dollars to

0:48:05.680 --> 0:48:09.520
<v Speaker 1>anyone that can prove their psychic ability, which of course

0:48:09.560 --> 0:48:11.520
<v Speaker 1>no one stepped up to do that. But then he

0:48:11.560 --> 0:48:14.399
<v Speaker 1>gets pooh pooed a little bit, like you're just making

0:48:14.400 --> 0:48:19.200
<v Speaker 1>a mockery of trying to legitimately disprove something. And mockery

0:48:19.320 --> 0:48:23.440
<v Speaker 1>is absolutely the right word. And to me, the presence

0:48:23.440 --> 0:48:28.080
<v Speaker 1>of mockery indicates the absence of objectivity, right, So, like

0:48:28.160 --> 0:48:30.319
<v Speaker 1>what you're dealing with then with a guy like that,

0:48:30.560 --> 0:48:34.440
<v Speaker 1>is uh, a set of beliefs, a belief system running

0:48:34.480 --> 0:48:38.120
<v Speaker 1>up against another belief system, just like a couple of

0:48:38.160 --> 0:48:42.840
<v Speaker 1>religions or something like that. It's not objectivity against fraud

0:48:42.920 --> 0:48:45.800
<v Speaker 1>or anything like that. It's belief against belief or something.

0:48:46.320 --> 0:48:50.439
<v Speaker 1>Um And and yeah, the idea of lumping together John

0:48:50.560 --> 0:48:55.560
<v Speaker 1>Edwards with Darryl bem is just that's, you know, fraudulent

0:48:55.640 --> 0:48:58.719
<v Speaker 1>in and of itself. Yeah, that's just they call that theatrics,

0:48:58.840 --> 0:49:02.839
<v Speaker 1>just like the on stage h theatrics of a stage psychic. Yeah,

0:49:03.080 --> 0:49:05.880
<v Speaker 1>so I believe. I totally agree. Yeah, you know I

0:49:06.200 --> 0:49:09.440
<v Speaker 1>I do too. I think there's a definite room for

0:49:09.680 --> 0:49:14.640
<v Speaker 1>a healthy scientific inquiry into just about anything, whether skeptics

0:49:14.640 --> 0:49:16.759
<v Speaker 1>believe in it or not. If you can get some

0:49:16.760 --> 0:49:21.120
<v Speaker 1>funding for it, who cares. That's my motto. You got

0:49:21.120 --> 0:49:27.759
<v Speaker 1>anything else on ESP? Uh? Let me think? No, I've

0:49:27.760 --> 0:49:30.080
<v Speaker 1>got one more thing I found. I came across the

0:49:31.200 --> 0:49:36.600
<v Speaker 1>I think five Nightline with Ted Coppele, where, Um, the

0:49:36.680 --> 0:49:40.000
<v Speaker 1>news broke that the CIA had been studying ESP and

0:49:40.000 --> 0:49:42.879
<v Speaker 1>trying to do remote viewing what Ronson was talking about

0:49:42.960 --> 0:49:45.520
<v Speaker 1>in The Men Who Stare at Coats when it finally

0:49:45.560 --> 0:49:49.880
<v Speaker 1>became declassified. In take, coppled like a twenty minute Nightline

0:49:50.280 --> 0:49:55.280
<v Speaker 1>segment on it totally worth watching. It's some pretty softball questions.

0:49:55.360 --> 0:49:59.080
<v Speaker 1>But Robert Gates, who would later become the the head

0:49:59.120 --> 0:50:02.440
<v Speaker 1>of Defense, he's on there just basically trying as politely

0:50:02.480 --> 0:50:05.319
<v Speaker 1>as possible to show that he does not believe in

0:50:05.360 --> 0:50:08.360
<v Speaker 1>any of this. Even so, here's the pharmacy. I a director,

0:50:08.400 --> 0:50:10.799
<v Speaker 1>and um, it's just neat. Unlus you get to watch

0:50:10.800 --> 0:50:14.040
<v Speaker 1>Copple again. I miss he was great news man. Yeah,

0:50:14.040 --> 0:50:17.040
<v Speaker 1>I miss those dudes. I miss. Uh, I was just

0:50:17.080 --> 0:50:21.560
<v Speaker 1>thinking yesterday about broke call. Yeah, rather I was. I

0:50:21.600 --> 0:50:23.880
<v Speaker 1>was always a broke coll man. Did you I like

0:50:24.160 --> 0:50:27.200
<v Speaker 1>Peter Jennings He was great? Yeah. I don't even all

0:50:27.200 --> 0:50:29.399
<v Speaker 1>of them were great. I don't even have any idea

0:50:29.440 --> 0:50:31.120
<v Speaker 1>who does Night in the News now I don't watch it.

0:50:31.120 --> 0:50:34.120
<v Speaker 1>It was Brian Williams until about a day ago. Did

0:50:34.120 --> 0:50:37.720
<v Speaker 1>he get fired? He like got I know, the whole kerfuffle,

0:50:37.760 --> 0:50:41.320
<v Speaker 1>but he didn't get fired. I'm using my ESP to

0:50:41.400 --> 0:50:43.719
<v Speaker 1>predict that by the time this came, this comes out,

0:50:43.800 --> 0:50:46.640
<v Speaker 1>he will not be there anymore. I think this is

0:50:46.680 --> 0:50:52.719
<v Speaker 1>getting big quick interesting. Yeah, Twitter is involved, man, the

0:50:52.760 --> 0:50:56.920
<v Speaker 1>Twitter takedown. Uh. If you want them more about ESP,

0:50:57.520 --> 0:51:00.400
<v Speaker 1>the internet was virtually set up for you to go

0:51:00.520 --> 0:51:02.960
<v Speaker 1>find out more about it. Um, you can start by

0:51:02.960 --> 0:51:05.400
<v Speaker 1>typing ESP in the search far at how stuff works

0:51:05.400 --> 0:51:07.040
<v Speaker 1>dot com. Since I said that it's time for a

0:51:07.120 --> 0:51:10.880
<v Speaker 1>listener mail, yeah, before we do listener mail, I just

0:51:10.880 --> 0:51:12.720
<v Speaker 1>want to give a quick shout out to my buddy

0:51:12.840 --> 0:51:16.200
<v Speaker 1>Isaac McNairy. Uh. If you remember, I did a Judge

0:51:16.239 --> 0:51:18.839
<v Speaker 1>John Hodgman episode with Emily in which I did a

0:51:18.880 --> 0:51:23.360
<v Speaker 1>bad home renovation and um, this dude stuff you should know.

0:51:23.400 --> 0:51:27.600
<v Speaker 1>Listener from Kansas carpenter. Master carpenter said, hey, man, I'll

0:51:27.600 --> 0:51:29.279
<v Speaker 1>come and stay with you and help you do your

0:51:29.840 --> 0:51:33.200
<v Speaker 1>your project. They're right, And I said this sounds crazy,

0:51:33.800 --> 0:51:37.000
<v Speaker 1>and he actually came and did it and it looks

0:51:37.000 --> 0:51:39.239
<v Speaker 1>awesome and he's a super cool guy. And if you're

0:51:39.239 --> 0:51:43.600
<v Speaker 1>in Kansas near Elder Rado, Kansas, there's no better guy

0:51:43.640 --> 0:51:48.040
<v Speaker 1>to hire of El Dorado, it's Elder Rado. Actually, Okay,

0:51:48.040 --> 0:51:50.160
<v Speaker 1>he has a point out, but um, not only is

0:51:50.200 --> 0:51:51.800
<v Speaker 1>he a great carpenter and a cool guy, but he

0:51:51.840 --> 0:51:55.719
<v Speaker 1>works with a nonprofit called Outreach Program. Uh and you

0:51:55.760 --> 0:51:58.600
<v Speaker 1>can find an outreach program dot org where they're basically

0:51:59.360 --> 0:52:03.520
<v Speaker 1>feeding the world. They package food and they get people

0:52:03.560 --> 0:52:06.719
<v Speaker 1>together in a room and package these mass quantities of

0:52:06.760 --> 0:52:10.680
<v Speaker 1>food to send to other countries and feed the hungry.

0:52:10.880 --> 0:52:13.200
<v Speaker 1>And he's just a really good dude. So thanks to

0:52:13.200 --> 0:52:16.960
<v Speaker 1>Isaac for that, and my kitchen was looking good. So

0:52:17.000 --> 0:52:20.319
<v Speaker 1>again for his nonprofit that is Outreach Program dot org.

0:52:20.400 --> 0:52:22.480
<v Speaker 1>And if you need a great carpenter and you're in Kansas,

0:52:22.880 --> 0:52:27.560
<v Speaker 1>check out Retrofit Remodeling. All right, listener, mail, I'm gonna

0:52:27.560 --> 0:52:31.799
<v Speaker 1>call this pronunciation help. Hey guys, I'm a botanist and

0:52:31.800 --> 0:52:34.160
<v Speaker 1>just want to throw throw your rope to help you

0:52:34.160 --> 0:52:37.600
<v Speaker 1>out with pronouncing plant family names. All plant family names

0:52:37.719 --> 0:52:42.279
<v Speaker 1>end in a C E A E. Oh yeah, I

0:52:42.280 --> 0:52:44.839
<v Speaker 1>thought we got that wrong. Uh, it is a mess

0:52:44.840 --> 0:52:46.719
<v Speaker 1>of vowels. Guys, when you read it, you should just

0:52:46.800 --> 0:52:51.720
<v Speaker 1>imagine you were spelling a C E as in a CE.

0:52:53.040 --> 0:52:55.360
<v Speaker 1>So when you read a plant family name, just break

0:52:55.400 --> 0:52:59.160
<v Speaker 1>off the CE and read the first part and then

0:52:59.200 --> 0:53:02.160
<v Speaker 1>spell a C. So the plant family for poison oak

0:53:02.320 --> 0:53:07.920
<v Speaker 1>is uh Ana cardia Anna cardia ce. So it's just

0:53:08.040 --> 0:53:12.080
<v Speaker 1>Anna cardi A C. I remember it by imagining the

0:53:12.600 --> 0:53:16.879
<v Speaker 1>aneurysm and cardiac arrest I would have if I fell

0:53:16.960 --> 0:53:20.680
<v Speaker 1>into it. A N, A C A R D. I

0:53:21.840 --> 0:53:25.440
<v Speaker 1>what well she spelled out Anna cardi. Oh got the

0:53:25.440 --> 0:53:28.680
<v Speaker 1>first two uh, first letters from each of those words. Anyway,

0:53:28.719 --> 0:53:30.839
<v Speaker 1>Guys who love your podcast find it endearing when you too,

0:53:31.120 --> 0:53:35.720
<v Speaker 1>puzzle out on pronunciations. Um see see that's good to know. Yeah,

0:53:35.960 --> 0:53:38.520
<v Speaker 1>so I love you, bunches, And that is from Jane

0:53:38.800 --> 0:53:41.480
<v Speaker 1>and she said ps. In Europe, they pronounced plant families

0:53:41.520 --> 0:53:47.239
<v Speaker 1>completely differently. Um other parts see other parts of the

0:53:47.320 --> 0:53:50.000
<v Speaker 1>US might have other conventions, but the above pronunciation is

0:53:50.080 --> 0:53:59.600
<v Speaker 1>standard in California. Well, okay, what a c C. I

0:54:00.040 --> 0:54:02.920
<v Speaker 1>You want to let us know something that we should

0:54:02.920 --> 0:54:06.879
<v Speaker 1>have known before we even recorded, But you're generous enough

0:54:06.880 --> 0:54:10.000
<v Speaker 1>with your time and effort to correct us. I guess

0:54:10.000 --> 0:54:12.960
<v Speaker 1>there's a way to put it. We that was very helpful.

0:54:12.960 --> 0:54:14.520
<v Speaker 1>Thanks a lot, Jane. If you want to be like

0:54:14.600 --> 0:54:16.680
<v Speaker 1>Jane in other words, you can tweet to us at

0:54:16.800 --> 0:54:19.080
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0:54:19.120 --> 0:54:21.600
<v Speaker 1>Facebook dot com, slash stuff you Should Know. You can

0:54:21.640 --> 0:54:23.959
<v Speaker 1>send us an email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff

0:54:24.000 --> 0:54:26.400
<v Speaker 1>works dot com, and as always, you can join us

0:54:26.400 --> 0:54:28.680
<v Speaker 1>at our home on the web, Stuff you Should Know

0:54:28.800 --> 0:54:36.600
<v Speaker 1>dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics,

0:54:36.920 --> 0:54:45.560
<v Speaker 1>is it how stuff Works dot com