1 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:07,560 Speaker 1: Get in touch with technology, with tech stuff from stuff 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:15,280 Speaker 1: COMI everyone, and welcome to tech stuff from our brand 3 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:20,079 Speaker 1: new exciting audio studios. Yeah, we haven't put up the 4 00:00:20,079 --> 00:00:22,560 Speaker 1: baffling yet, so we're baffled, but the room is not. 5 00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:26,600 Speaker 1: Today we are going to tackle steam engines. But by 6 00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:29,960 Speaker 1: the way, that's Jonathan Strictland speaking. I'm Lauren. Oh my gosh, 7 00:00:30,080 --> 00:00:31,840 Speaker 1: I haven't done this in so long. I forgot how 8 00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:34,640 Speaker 1: to introduce the show. Guy goes on a vacation for 9 00:00:34,680 --> 00:00:37,120 Speaker 1: like a week and he comes back and total news 10 00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:40,320 Speaker 1: a week and a half actually, but yeah, yeah, yeah, 11 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:44,280 Speaker 1: I thank you Lauren for introducing everybody. We're talking about 12 00:00:44,320 --> 00:00:47,720 Speaker 1: steam engines today and how they work and the principles 13 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:52,040 Speaker 1: behind them, and it really comes down to thermodynamics, you know, 14 00:00:52,760 --> 00:00:56,200 Speaker 1: you're talking about heat really and what heat does and 15 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:59,720 Speaker 1: how it changes things, and that's you know, harnessing that 16 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:02,720 Speaker 1: has allowed us to have a little bit of a 17 00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 1: revolution industrially speaking. Do do pretty goodness, migracious. I'm slow today. 18 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:10,600 Speaker 1: It took me like four seconds together. You're slow. You 19 00:01:10,600 --> 00:01:14,399 Speaker 1: didn't forget to introduce you everybody. We're both on okay, 20 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:18,000 Speaker 1: but so yeah, so the thing about gases um when 21 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:21,920 Speaker 1: when when you heat them up, they they do stuff. Yeah, 22 00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:24,280 Speaker 1: they move the molecules and the gases move around a 23 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:26,800 Speaker 1: lot more than they usually do. So let's say let's 24 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:28,560 Speaker 1: say you've got a liquid all right, You've got all 25 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:31,120 Speaker 1: those molecules together in the like with their chain together, right, 26 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:35,880 Speaker 1: they formed this this collection of molecules that are all 27 00:01:36,080 --> 00:01:39,200 Speaker 1: part of a larger hole. So example, you've got a 28 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:42,360 Speaker 1: bucket of water. Those molecules are all bound together to 29 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 1: make that water. Now you can you can separate some 30 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:47,520 Speaker 1: water from that, but the molecules within that separate section 31 00:01:47,600 --> 00:01:50,600 Speaker 1: they're still bound together. It's not like you've just freed 32 00:01:50,640 --> 00:01:52,760 Speaker 1: them and they're now flying all over the place. But 33 00:01:53,280 --> 00:01:57,080 Speaker 1: if you add energy, as in heat to that water 34 00:01:57,400 --> 00:02:00,000 Speaker 1: and you boil the water, that water starts to boil 35 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:03,040 Speaker 1: all off and form steam. It's the gas form of 36 00:02:03,080 --> 00:02:07,560 Speaker 1: that substance. And now the molecules can break free of 37 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:11,079 Speaker 1: each other. So now you've got these free flowing molecules 38 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 1: that are zipping around at high speed depending upon how 39 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:16,640 Speaker 1: much heat you've put into the system. And as it 40 00:02:16,680 --> 00:02:20,760 Speaker 1: turns out, they exert pressure. I mean, this has momentum. 41 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:24,320 Speaker 1: It if it hits against stuff, it can press against stuff, 42 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:27,000 Speaker 1: and if you're able to harness that in some way, 43 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:30,079 Speaker 1: you can make that do work. Right. Yeah. Yeah, it's 44 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 1: it's you know, when you've got a sealed container and 45 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:36,040 Speaker 1: you create steam inside of it, it's going to exert 46 00:02:36,040 --> 00:02:38,320 Speaker 1: pressure on the sides of that container, which can then 47 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:41,120 Speaker 1: do work yeah, or explode, as it turns out, depending 48 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:43,320 Speaker 1: upon what you've made the container out of and how 49 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:46,079 Speaker 1: hot you've made that water. Uh yeah. Because that's the 50 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:49,239 Speaker 1: other thing, is that water when it goes into steam, 51 00:02:49,320 --> 00:02:52,959 Speaker 1: it's expanding, right, You're talking about making it, uh take 52 00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:55,800 Speaker 1: up more space than normally would, more volume than it 53 00:02:55,840 --> 00:02:58,320 Speaker 1: normally would, and that, as it turns out, is a 54 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:01,480 Speaker 1: very important part of some releast steam engines the idea 55 00:03:01,560 --> 00:03:05,119 Speaker 1: that you can make something uh take up more room 56 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: and as it condenses, meaning that when the steam starts 57 00:03:08,320 --> 00:03:11,560 Speaker 1: to cool down and turned back into water, it's taking 58 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:13,640 Speaker 1: up less room. Right, It's going to create a little 59 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:15,840 Speaker 1: bit of a vacuum. Right, you can also use to 60 00:03:15,880 --> 00:03:18,800 Speaker 1: do work. Yeah. So both of those those things, the 61 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: idea of steam being able to press against stuff and 62 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:24,720 Speaker 1: the idea of steam once it condenses, creating a vacuum, 63 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:28,600 Speaker 1: those are the basic principles behind your your various kinds 64 00:03:28,600 --> 00:03:32,480 Speaker 1: of steam engines. Now, this idea is not brand new. 65 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:34,440 Speaker 1: First of all, you've got a lot of people who 66 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:37,600 Speaker 1: will cite that a certain person named James Watt was 67 00:03:37,680 --> 00:03:40,160 Speaker 1: the inventor of the steam engine. As it turns out, 68 00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:43,640 Speaker 1: that's being a little premature to say that he did. 69 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:46,280 Speaker 1: I mean he would. He certainly played an instrumental role 70 00:03:46,360 --> 00:03:50,440 Speaker 1: in making steam engines Uh practical. But you have to 71 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:53,160 Speaker 1: go way back if you want to look at the 72 00:03:53,240 --> 00:03:56,840 Speaker 1: people who were really the inventors as far as we 73 00:03:56,880 --> 00:03:59,480 Speaker 1: know of steam engines. That keep in mind, we're talking 74 00:03:59,600 --> 00:04:03,880 Speaker 1: right now about the first recorded instances of people talking 75 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:07,200 Speaker 1: about steam engines. That the idea itself might even be older, right, right, 76 00:04:07,240 --> 00:04:12,720 Speaker 1: But the first recorded instances are from the first century, yeah, 77 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:16,560 Speaker 1: common era. We're talking a hero or heroon or heroes 78 00:04:16,839 --> 00:04:20,360 Speaker 1: or heroes of Alexandria. Uh. He was. He was a 79 00:04:20,360 --> 00:04:25,080 Speaker 1: Greek mathematician and UH inventor. Yep. He was born in Egypt, 80 00:04:25,400 --> 00:04:28,520 Speaker 1: lived and worked and mostly in Alexandria, but was of 81 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:32,200 Speaker 1: Greek origin and uh did a lot of different works. 82 00:04:32,279 --> 00:04:34,040 Speaker 1: You know, he invented a lot of different things, or 83 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:36,640 Speaker 1: at least wrote about a lot of things that we 84 00:04:36,760 --> 00:04:39,800 Speaker 1: presume he invented in MAJORI will be that he was 85 00:04:39,839 --> 00:04:41,800 Speaker 1: just writing about stuff that other people have done, but 86 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:44,159 Speaker 1: as far as we know, he's the one who originated 87 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:47,040 Speaker 1: these ideas. Yeah, he had a few inventions that he 88 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:51,240 Speaker 1: wrote about. A coin operated device, Yeah, yeah, I don't 89 00:04:51,240 --> 00:04:53,080 Speaker 1: even know if it was like a you know, sandal 90 00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:56,520 Speaker 1: vending machine or something, or you know, uh, put a 91 00:04:56,520 --> 00:04:59,920 Speaker 1: coin in and watch the lion eat somebody. I don't 92 00:05:00,400 --> 00:05:04,520 Speaker 1: hoping fortune teller. Um it's zartan you make up. I 93 00:05:04,560 --> 00:05:07,640 Speaker 1: wish I were big. Uh, Yeah, I don't know. He 94 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:11,840 Speaker 1: also wrote a lot about the discoveries of the Babylonians, 95 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:16,120 Speaker 1: the Egyptians and also other Greeks and also the Romans, 96 00:05:16,320 --> 00:05:18,360 Speaker 1: and a bunch of stuff about the properties of air, 97 00:05:18,600 --> 00:05:20,919 Speaker 1: which is going to come very much in handy for 98 00:05:20,960 --> 00:05:22,800 Speaker 1: one of these other things that he described. Yeah, the 99 00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:26,359 Speaker 1: uh I think you're you're referring to the A la pile? 100 00:05:26,720 --> 00:05:28,760 Speaker 1: Is that how you say that? How I say it? 101 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:30,960 Speaker 1: I'll tell you how it's spelled. It's a E O 102 00:05:31,400 --> 00:05:33,640 Speaker 1: L I P I L E. And I do not 103 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: speak Greek. It's all Greek to me, so I and 104 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 1: Lawrence just shaking her head disapprovingly. Can you can you 105 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:42,680 Speaker 1: hear in our Echoi studio the rattle of my head 106 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: shaking a job? I can certainly see it better. Uh, this, 107 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:49,640 Speaker 1: this room is better lit than our other studio was. 108 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:53,000 Speaker 1: It's much larger. It's it's like a nice cave. It is, 109 00:05:53,080 --> 00:05:56,159 Speaker 1: it is a nice cave. So this, this device that 110 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:02,280 Speaker 1: Heron or Hero or Heros designed, was an early form 111 00:06:02,560 --> 00:06:05,120 Speaker 1: of what we would consider a steam engine, although from 112 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:07,719 Speaker 1: what we can tell, it was mostly meant a sort 113 00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:11,080 Speaker 1: of a decoration or distraction, a right, more and more 114 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:12,840 Speaker 1: like a toy, And several of the things that we're 115 00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:15,040 Speaker 1: going to be talking about from these early periods are 116 00:06:15,160 --> 00:06:18,880 Speaker 1: more likely to be toys than anything else. Yeah, because concepts. 117 00:06:19,040 --> 00:06:22,080 Speaker 1: It was the idea of exploring this, this nature of 118 00:06:22,440 --> 00:06:25,800 Speaker 1: well steam can do these these wild wacky things. I 119 00:06:25,839 --> 00:06:28,320 Speaker 1: don't know how we would do this in anything, and 120 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:29,760 Speaker 1: I don't know how we would use this in any 121 00:06:29,760 --> 00:06:31,720 Speaker 1: practical way, but look at this cool thing and what 122 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,920 Speaker 1: it can do. So what his could do was it 123 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:38,200 Speaker 1: was imagined like a big bowl made out of some 124 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:41,000 Speaker 1: metal like brass. They got a big brass bowl. It's 125 00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:43,880 Speaker 1: actually sealed, so you put water in it, but then 126 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:46,599 Speaker 1: you put a water tight seal on there. Uh. It 127 00:06:46,640 --> 00:06:49,440 Speaker 1: does have two pipes that come up from the top 128 00:06:49,520 --> 00:06:53,120 Speaker 1: of the seal that then meet up with a sphere 129 00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:56,640 Speaker 1: that is mounted on these two pipes. All right, the 130 00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:01,560 Speaker 1: sphere itself can can rotate, uh along this axis that 131 00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:04,520 Speaker 1: the pipes make. There's some sort of steam tight ball 132 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:07,360 Speaker 1: bearings that were involved. I guess. Also, by the way, 133 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:09,840 Speaker 1: we don't know that this was ever built, but this 134 00:07:09,920 --> 00:07:13,120 Speaker 1: was his design. So in the the idea was that 135 00:07:13,120 --> 00:07:15,200 Speaker 1: you put the water inside this bowl, you would heat 136 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:18,120 Speaker 1: up the bowl, the water would convert into steam, which 137 00:07:18,120 --> 00:07:20,600 Speaker 1: would go up into the pipes into the sphere. And 138 00:07:20,680 --> 00:07:24,080 Speaker 1: the sphere itself had two nozzles or two jets on 139 00:07:24,080 --> 00:07:27,080 Speaker 1: on on opposite sides I believe, right opposite sides facing 140 00:07:27,400 --> 00:07:29,760 Speaker 1: so that they would allow the ball to rotate once 141 00:07:29,840 --> 00:07:32,640 Speaker 1: steam escapes, the same way that if you attached to 142 00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:36,080 Speaker 1: bottle rockets to two sides of a wheel, um, and 143 00:07:36,120 --> 00:07:38,760 Speaker 1: then you know, let it let's let it push it along, right, 144 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:41,280 Speaker 1: So in this case the pushing is kind of interesting. 145 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 1: So let's talk about what's going on inside that sphere, 146 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:47,360 Speaker 1: which as far as we know was never actually built. 147 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:51,840 Speaker 1: But inside that sphere, now, if the sphere had no nozzles, 148 00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:54,120 Speaker 1: if there were no there were no openings, there were, 149 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:55,680 Speaker 1: but somehow there was just water in there that you 150 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:59,120 Speaker 1: had converted into steam. That steam would be pressing, pressing 151 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:03,600 Speaker 1: equally on on all surfaces sphere interior. So in other words, 152 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:05,080 Speaker 1: if you're looking at it, if you were able to 153 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:08,880 Speaker 1: slow things down to just look at things like a 154 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:11,600 Speaker 1: nanosecond at a time, and you were able to observe 155 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:16,200 Speaker 1: individual molecules, you would see these molecules bouncing off the 156 00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:20,200 Speaker 1: various interior surfaces of that sphere. But because they're going 157 00:08:20,240 --> 00:08:22,960 Speaker 1: in all directions, they're canceling each other out, which means 158 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:27,200 Speaker 1: that the ball itself is staying still relative to its environment. Hypothetically, 159 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:29,360 Speaker 1: assuming it's a perfect sphere and that there aren't any 160 00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:32,080 Speaker 1: you know, major design flaws right there, Like there's not 161 00:08:32,240 --> 00:08:35,840 Speaker 1: some weird thing there that's blocking where molecules can usually hit. 162 00:08:36,520 --> 00:08:39,240 Speaker 1: But if you put an opening in that sphere, that 163 00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:41,200 Speaker 1: means some of the molecules are going to go through 164 00:08:41,240 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 1: the opening and escape, So that means they are not 165 00:08:43,960 --> 00:08:47,440 Speaker 1: exerting that force inside the sphere on the opposite side 166 00:08:47,440 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 1: where molecules are banging against that that edge of the 167 00:08:50,280 --> 00:08:53,960 Speaker 1: sphere that makes the sphere move. So in other words, 168 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:56,640 Speaker 1: it's not even that steam is escaping, it's that the 169 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:00,600 Speaker 1: steam that steam that is escaping is not counteracting the force. 170 00:09:00,679 --> 00:09:04,960 Speaker 1: That's that it's uh, counterparts are doing inside that sphere, 171 00:09:05,280 --> 00:09:07,360 Speaker 1: which I think is kind of an interesting explanation when 172 00:09:07,400 --> 00:09:10,240 Speaker 1: you think about it. And Uh, there was a a 173 00:09:10,320 --> 00:09:14,040 Speaker 1: site I was reading where his example was, imagine you 174 00:09:14,160 --> 00:09:16,400 Speaker 1: have a cardboard box, but you've taken the bottom and 175 00:09:16,440 --> 00:09:18,440 Speaker 1: the top off of it, and you've taken one of 176 00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:20,079 Speaker 1: the walls off of it, and then you put a 177 00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:22,120 Speaker 1: whole bunch of kids in there just running around, and 178 00:09:22,120 --> 00:09:23,720 Speaker 1: whenever they hit one of the sides of the walls, 179 00:09:23,720 --> 00:09:26,760 Speaker 1: they careen off in a different direction. But because there's 180 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:29,400 Speaker 1: one section side that doesn't have a wall, sometimes kids 181 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:32,560 Speaker 1: just keep on running and they're they're outside of the box. Meanwhile, 182 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:34,800 Speaker 1: the kids who are hitting the opposite side where there 183 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:38,319 Speaker 1: is a wall are moving the box further and further. Yeah, 184 00:09:38,480 --> 00:09:40,760 Speaker 1: so it's forward motion keeps going, but it's left and 185 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:43,440 Speaker 1: right motions stay more or less the same because they 186 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:46,280 Speaker 1: get canceled out by the various kids. I thought, what 187 00:09:46,360 --> 00:09:49,920 Speaker 1: an interesting way to do that, And now I want 188 00:09:49,960 --> 00:09:52,319 Speaker 1: to Now I want to build this and I want 189 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:55,800 Speaker 1: to watch it happen, probably from you know, a fifty 190 00:09:55,840 --> 00:09:59,400 Speaker 1: foot observation tower. I don't kids and me. That's not 191 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: I picture that we could use podcasters instead of children. 192 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:05,480 Speaker 1: We probably could, although we've got some kind of lazy podcasters. 193 00:10:05,520 --> 00:10:07,440 Speaker 1: I don't know. They might, you know, just kind of 194 00:10:09,280 --> 00:10:14,920 Speaker 1: push the wall. Our podcasters zombies. Well, you know, I 195 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: mostly interact with them after lunch, so that's always when 196 00:10:17,400 --> 00:10:20,120 Speaker 1: we get this snoozies. Alright. So anyway, that was the 197 00:10:20,559 --> 00:10:23,080 Speaker 1: basis behind his idea, but he also had another one 198 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:25,120 Speaker 1: that would use steam to do work. That was my 199 00:10:25,280 --> 00:10:27,880 Speaker 1: favorite example, so I had to include it. Yeah, this 200 00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:30,160 Speaker 1: one I had not seen it, but so so there 201 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:33,559 Speaker 1: was a steam powered temple doors. That was the idea 202 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:36,160 Speaker 1: he I've got this great illustration. I'll show you after 203 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:38,440 Speaker 1: the podcast, Laura. I'll put it up on our social 204 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:41,560 Speaker 1: too when we when we get this podcast out. But 205 00:10:41,880 --> 00:10:45,280 Speaker 1: the idea was really kind of interesting. So in the illustration, 206 00:10:45,679 --> 00:10:49,040 Speaker 1: there's this altar and these temple doors, and the altar 207 00:10:49,120 --> 00:10:51,040 Speaker 1: has a little area in it where you could set 208 00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:54,160 Speaker 1: a sacrificial fire. Now that fire, the idea was that 209 00:10:54,160 --> 00:10:57,160 Speaker 1: the fire would heat up water that would create steam. 210 00:10:57,320 --> 00:11:01,120 Speaker 1: It would push the steam into a second container. That container, 211 00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:03,839 Speaker 1: in turn had a tube leading out of it, and 212 00:11:04,160 --> 00:11:07,079 Speaker 1: the other end of the tube would lead into a bucket. Now, 213 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:09,520 Speaker 1: from what I can tell, it looks like the idea 214 00:11:09,559 --> 00:11:11,760 Speaker 1: is that the steam would push into this container. The 215 00:11:11,800 --> 00:11:15,040 Speaker 1: container would push more steam in through this other tube 216 00:11:15,040 --> 00:11:17,120 Speaker 1: that was leading to the bucket, and there the steam 217 00:11:17,160 --> 00:11:20,600 Speaker 1: would start to cool down and condense it turned into water. 218 00:11:20,679 --> 00:11:22,400 Speaker 1: So when that would turn the water, the water would 219 00:11:22,480 --> 00:11:27,040 Speaker 1: flow into the bucket. Yeah, which makes it heavy. And 220 00:11:27,080 --> 00:11:30,959 Speaker 1: the bucket itself is suspended by a pulley, and so 221 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:34,000 Speaker 1: because the bucket gets heavier, it starts to exert force 222 00:11:34,200 --> 00:11:37,320 Speaker 1: on the pulley and eventually would pull the pulley so 223 00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:40,000 Speaker 1: that the ropes on the other side of the pulley 224 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:43,400 Speaker 1: would actually split into two ropes wrapping around these two columns. 225 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:46,720 Speaker 1: And as those ropes the tension grew, it would make 226 00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:49,800 Speaker 1: those columns rotate. The rotation of the columns in turn 227 00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:52,920 Speaker 1: would open the temple doors. So by lighting the fire, 228 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:56,200 Speaker 1: you would entice the gods to open the doors for 229 00:11:56,320 --> 00:11:59,280 Speaker 1: you allowing people into your temple. Now, as it turns out, 230 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:01,560 Speaker 1: I think that this was probably a lot of work 231 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:03,400 Speaker 1: to open doors when you could just walk up and 232 00:12:03,440 --> 00:12:05,880 Speaker 1: open them push it. But as it turns out, that's 233 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:09,320 Speaker 1: one of the reasons why steam technology took so long 234 00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:12,080 Speaker 1: to develop. Even though we're talking about just you know, 235 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:15,640 Speaker 1: just a few decades into the Common era, that's when 236 00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:18,040 Speaker 1: we're talking about steam engines. The reason we weren't using 237 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:19,640 Speaker 1: them for work is because there were a lot of 238 00:12:19,640 --> 00:12:22,040 Speaker 1: other sources for work back in those days. Like the 239 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:24,600 Speaker 1: Romans had lots and lots of slaves, and as it 240 00:12:24,640 --> 00:12:27,840 Speaker 1: turns out, the the history of Europe had lots of 241 00:12:27,880 --> 00:12:31,360 Speaker 1: that kind of thing. Either it was either slavery or serfdom. Anyway, 242 00:12:31,760 --> 00:12:33,959 Speaker 1: there was a lot of source of cheap labor out there, 243 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:36,760 Speaker 1: so you didn't have to worry about building things to 244 00:12:36,800 --> 00:12:42,640 Speaker 1: make labor easier. That's what those unfortunate people were for. Um. Yeah, 245 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:45,360 Speaker 1: and and also also you know, the metal working at 246 00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:48,200 Speaker 1: the time was not such that you could safely build 247 00:12:48,480 --> 00:12:51,840 Speaker 1: boiler chambers that would really withstand the pressures necessary. Right, 248 00:12:51,880 --> 00:12:53,439 Speaker 1: you had a lot of these devices. We wouldn't get 249 00:12:53,440 --> 00:12:56,600 Speaker 1: into that until like the exactly you could build low 250 00:12:56,640 --> 00:13:00,680 Speaker 1: pressure steam steam boilers, but low pressure means that you 251 00:13:00,720 --> 00:13:02,560 Speaker 1: can't do a lot of work with them. They do 252 00:13:02,920 --> 00:13:06,320 Speaker 1: you know, you're releasing steam, You're generaing steam and releasing 253 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:09,240 Speaker 1: steam in a way where it's not exerting the kind 254 00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:12,040 Speaker 1: of pressure you would need to do anything really significant 255 00:13:12,400 --> 00:13:14,960 Speaker 1: unless you were to be incredibly clever with your design. 256 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:16,960 Speaker 1: But we'll get into that. We we have to go 257 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:18,720 Speaker 1: a little bit further before we get to that part. 258 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:22,280 Speaker 1: But but these were the fundamentals, right of steam power, 259 00:13:22,400 --> 00:13:26,520 Speaker 1: This idea of being able to to change water into 260 00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:29,280 Speaker 1: another form and make it do work. It would just 261 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:32,800 Speaker 1: take a you know, a millennia and change before anyone 262 00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:36,680 Speaker 1: started to think about it in another more practical way. Yeah. 263 00:13:36,679 --> 00:13:41,480 Speaker 1: Our next own factor is from three Blasco Degara. He 264 00:13:41,559 --> 00:13:44,760 Speaker 1: was an officer in the Smash Navy. And we don't 265 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:47,560 Speaker 1: know for sure that he actually tried to do this 266 00:13:47,679 --> 00:13:49,760 Speaker 1: or that what he proposed was in fact a steam engine, 267 00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:53,760 Speaker 1: because it's pretty vague, but he was talking about creating 268 00:13:53,840 --> 00:13:57,720 Speaker 1: some sort of paddle boat that may have been steam powered. Yeah. 269 00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:01,880 Speaker 1: The phrase used in the literature vessel of boiling water. Right, 270 00:14:01,960 --> 00:14:05,640 Speaker 1: so as far as we know, the vessel of boiling water, well, 271 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:08,439 Speaker 1: you could guess that, well, that must mean that he 272 00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:10,960 Speaker 1: was using steam in some way, But because there isn't 273 00:14:11,120 --> 00:14:15,679 Speaker 1: enough context there, we can't be certain. But it sounds 274 00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:18,040 Speaker 1: like the idea was that you would use some sort 275 00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:20,280 Speaker 1: of vessel of boiling water to generate steam in order 276 00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: to turn the paddles on a boat, very much like 277 00:14:23,200 --> 00:14:28,400 Speaker 1: we would see uh centuries later. But that the history 278 00:14:28,440 --> 00:14:33,200 Speaker 1: books don't record any great Spanish paddle boats sailing across 279 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:38,280 Speaker 1: various European waters. So I guess we can probably draw 280 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:40,680 Speaker 1: the conclusion that this was an interesting idea that was 281 00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:46,520 Speaker 1: never actualized, or if it was, it sunk um. And 282 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:49,480 Speaker 1: the next one's a sixteen o one, which not that 283 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:54,400 Speaker 1: not that long afterward, when a fellow named Giovanni Batista 284 00:14:54,440 --> 00:14:59,520 Speaker 1: de la Porta wrote in a book called Spiritali of 285 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:02,160 Speaker 1: an invent and that would use steam pressure to raise 286 00:15:02,240 --> 00:15:05,600 Speaker 1: a column of water through a vacuum created by steam 287 00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:07,320 Speaker 1: when it condenses. Now, this is what you were talking 288 00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:10,400 Speaker 1: about earlier, Lauren. Along the same lines, or I guess, 289 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:12,960 Speaker 1: along opposite lines of all of these people who are 290 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:15,960 Speaker 1: theorizing that you know, you can you can convert steam, 291 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:18,360 Speaker 1: convert water to steam within a closed container, and that 292 00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:22,120 Speaker 1: will result in increased pressure. That the opposite, if you 293 00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:26,680 Speaker 1: can condense steam into water, that it will create a vacuum. Right, Yeah, 294 00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:29,680 Speaker 1: and that's that was an interesting idea that would again 295 00:15:29,960 --> 00:15:33,040 Speaker 1: be capitalized on later. But this is the very basis 296 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:36,040 Speaker 1: of the earliest steam engines that we're doing work. Not 297 00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:39,120 Speaker 1: that you were using steam to push something, but rather 298 00:15:39,160 --> 00:15:41,520 Speaker 1: that you had created a chamber where steam, once it 299 00:15:41,680 --> 00:15:44,920 Speaker 1: cools down and condenses into water, creates the suction force 300 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:48,720 Speaker 1: through the through creating a vacuum and thus can pull something. 301 00:15:49,200 --> 00:15:51,760 Speaker 1: And uh. In fact, as we'll talk about in just 302 00:15:51,840 --> 00:15:55,360 Speaker 1: a couple of minutes, that's really how steam engines got 303 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:58,560 Speaker 1: their start. Uh. And again it that one of the 304 00:15:58,640 --> 00:16:00,400 Speaker 1: nice things about this, and I really do you mean 305 00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:02,480 Speaker 1: it as a nice thing, is that you could use 306 00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:05,520 Speaker 1: a low pressure steam engine to create this effect. You 307 00:16:05,520 --> 00:16:08,560 Speaker 1: didn't have to create high pressure to push something. You 308 00:16:08,560 --> 00:16:11,360 Speaker 1: could just create steam in a low pressure environment, allow 309 00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:14,320 Speaker 1: it to condense, and then it would create this this 310 00:16:14,520 --> 00:16:17,560 Speaker 1: force all on its own. So uh, it ended up 311 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:20,480 Speaker 1: being a much more safe way of using steam power, 312 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:24,160 Speaker 1: especially early on, before we had really reached the level 313 00:16:24,240 --> 00:16:27,880 Speaker 1: of machining parts that could withstand those intense pressures that 314 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:30,720 Speaker 1: happen when you create lots of steam in a confined space. 315 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:33,840 Speaker 1: I don't know if any of our listeners are are 316 00:16:33,840 --> 00:16:38,720 Speaker 1: familiar with a little program called MythBusters. Uh, MythBusters, of course, 317 00:16:38,760 --> 00:16:41,720 Speaker 1: a Discovery Channel show. I was a huge fan, well 318 00:16:41,880 --> 00:16:44,080 Speaker 1: well before I even worked for How Stuff Works. I 319 00:16:44,120 --> 00:16:46,840 Speaker 1: was a big fan of the show. But I got 320 00:16:46,880 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 1: to see MythBusters live in Atlanta. They came down and 321 00:16:50,640 --> 00:16:53,040 Speaker 1: did a behind the scenes kind of tour, and they 322 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:56,440 Speaker 1: talked a little bit about the various explosions that they've 323 00:16:56,480 --> 00:16:58,640 Speaker 1: seen on the show. And the reason why I'm saying 324 00:16:58,640 --> 00:17:01,040 Speaker 1: this is that the the splosion they said was the 325 00:17:01,080 --> 00:17:06,240 Speaker 1: most impressive and most terrifying was the water heater explosion, 326 00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:09,520 Speaker 1: because when you have that water under you know, turning 327 00:17:09,520 --> 00:17:11,840 Speaker 1: into steam under that intense pressure, and if you've cut 328 00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:15,160 Speaker 1: off all the safety valves, which you should never ever 329 00:17:15,760 --> 00:17:19,360 Speaker 1: ever do, then yeah, safety valves on on boilers, in fact, 330 00:17:19,400 --> 00:17:23,320 Speaker 1: are one of the terrific inventions without which we probably 331 00:17:23,320 --> 00:17:25,399 Speaker 1: would well, we certainly wouldn't be here, because we'd have 332 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:27,919 Speaker 1: a totally different world, our world. We never would have 333 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:33,720 Speaker 1: had so, um yeah, because he showed that, you know, 334 00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:36,639 Speaker 1: you could essentially it would turn a water heater into 335 00:17:36,960 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 1: part bomb, part rocket. And it was just you're talking 336 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:43,560 Speaker 1: about superheated water that's well past the boiling point due 337 00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:47,480 Speaker 1: to the pressure hitting the air, boiling instantaneously turning into 338 00:17:47,520 --> 00:17:50,440 Speaker 1: super hot steam. So just being close to this, even 339 00:17:50,480 --> 00:17:53,080 Speaker 1: if you weren't hit by shrapnel, you could be burned 340 00:17:53,200 --> 00:17:56,119 Speaker 1: severely just from the steam. This is serious stuff. So 341 00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:59,960 Speaker 1: that's why these low pressure engines were the first four 342 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:03,000 Speaker 1: ray into steam engines. Although we're still not quite there yet. 343 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:05,240 Speaker 1: We're just talking about theory at the moment. All Right, 344 00:18:05,320 --> 00:18:08,399 Speaker 1: I've I've got one from sixteen seventy two. Uh, this 345 00:18:08,520 --> 00:18:13,080 Speaker 1: was Ferdinand um Verbs I'm going to go with that pronunciation. 346 00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:16,000 Speaker 1: Um He He might have he was living in the 347 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:18,040 Speaker 1: Imperial Chinese Court at the time, and he may have 348 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:22,359 Speaker 1: created a working steam car or toy. Um. Interesting, he 349 00:18:22,400 --> 00:18:25,359 Speaker 1: at least drew up plans for one, and I'm not sure. Again, 350 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:27,600 Speaker 1: it's it's really yeah, it's it's hard to say a 351 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:30,879 Speaker 1: lot of these things from these earlier inventors, Uh, you know, 352 00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:34,840 Speaker 1: they haven't survived, so they may have one. We don't 353 00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:36,880 Speaker 1: know if they were ever built and then just were 354 00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:39,359 Speaker 1: destroyed or lost, or we don't know, if you know, 355 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:41,840 Speaker 1: they just was just in the plans but never actually built. 356 00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:44,960 Speaker 1: One thing that I do believe was built. In sixteen 357 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:48,160 Speaker 1: seventy nine, a French scientist and math professor named Um 358 00:18:48,240 --> 00:18:52,879 Speaker 1: then from from Yes, France, I already said that excellent, Um, 359 00:18:53,119 --> 00:18:55,679 Speaker 1: I've created the first pressure cooker, which is really a 360 00:18:55,720 --> 00:18:59,520 Speaker 1: direct application of what dela Portia was talking about. Um. 361 00:18:59,680 --> 00:19:02,000 Speaker 1: This is I think the official name translated is the 362 00:19:02,040 --> 00:19:07,000 Speaker 1: digester or engine for softening bones, which isn't creepy at all. No, 363 00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:08,920 Speaker 1: that doesn't make me think of serial killer in the 364 00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:13,720 Speaker 1: slightest But by but by attaching to this pressurized chamber 365 00:19:13,800 --> 00:19:17,120 Speaker 1: slighting piston, h you know, and then heating the pot, 366 00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: the expanding steam would push the piston up, and then 367 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:23,040 Speaker 1: the vacuum created when the steam cooled liquid liquid would 368 00:19:23,040 --> 00:19:26,400 Speaker 1: pull the piston back down. Um. And this is going 369 00:19:26,480 --> 00:19:30,359 Speaker 1: to become extremely important very soon. Yeah. Uh. And there 370 00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:32,000 Speaker 1: were a lot of other people who were thinking about 371 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:35,080 Speaker 1: steam engines at this time. So while you know, you 372 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:37,840 Speaker 1: would argue that steam engines really didn't come into play 373 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:41,800 Speaker 1: until the mid seventeen hundreds. It was the sixteen hundreds 374 00:19:41,840 --> 00:19:44,520 Speaker 1: where we had lots of people theorizing about it. They 375 00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:47,960 Speaker 1: were kind of laying the groundwork that would allow the 376 00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:52,760 Speaker 1: the following scientists, engineers, mechanics, you know, just interesting people 377 00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 1: who who thought about steam power and and began to 378 00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:59,320 Speaker 1: put it to our to a practical application. They would 379 00:19:59,359 --> 00:20:02,879 Speaker 1: follow and bill upon the discoveries that the their forefathers 380 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:07,040 Speaker 1: had come up with, and those included people like Jacob Besson. 381 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:11,159 Speaker 1: There's a little guy named Leonardo da vinci Um. He 382 00:20:11,240 --> 00:20:13,680 Speaker 1: had three turtle friends, as I recall, and was trained 383 00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:19,440 Speaker 1: by rat Uh, Florence Rivolt, Thomas Grant, Edward Ford. Lots 384 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:23,119 Speaker 1: of people were really talking about steam at this time, 385 00:20:23,760 --> 00:20:26,000 Speaker 1: and then that leads us up to a fellow who 386 00:20:26,040 --> 00:20:32,600 Speaker 1: patented an idea in six Thomas Savory. And he was 387 00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:35,200 Speaker 1: the one who was really interested in this idea of 388 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:39,680 Speaker 1: using the condensing steam to do work right. Well, okay, 389 00:20:39,720 --> 00:20:41,840 Speaker 1: so it's a little bit of background on what he 390 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,000 Speaker 1: what he patented. So coal mines were booming at this 391 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:48,880 Speaker 1: time because England was facing this timber crisis. There were 392 00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:52,520 Speaker 1: increases in ship building and lots of firewood being used. 393 00:20:52,600 --> 00:20:56,040 Speaker 1: So so coal mining was becoming huge, all right, So 394 00:20:56,160 --> 00:20:59,920 Speaker 1: cole was starting to become the fuel of choice in England, 395 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:02,560 Speaker 1: and of course that would remain true for the next 396 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:05,359 Speaker 1: couple of centuries. And so he patented this thing that 397 00:21:05,359 --> 00:21:08,199 Speaker 1: he called the Miner's Friend, um, because a problem in 398 00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:11,320 Speaker 1: coal mines as you wind up getting water in places 399 00:21:11,320 --> 00:21:14,000 Speaker 1: where you really don't want water and yeah, like where 400 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:17,600 Speaker 1: there are people underground or where you're Yeah exactly, that's 401 00:21:17,600 --> 00:21:19,560 Speaker 1: where where you're trying to work, and it's much harder 402 00:21:19,560 --> 00:21:22,920 Speaker 1: when in there, you know, would completely submerged exactly. We'll 403 00:21:22,920 --> 00:21:24,840 Speaker 1: talk more about that in the podcast that we're going 404 00:21:24,880 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: to record immatily after this one up. But so, but 405 00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:33,439 Speaker 1: so he uh, so he patented this thing that I 406 00:21:33,480 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: don't again like, I don't think he ever built it. Yeah, 407 00:21:36,160 --> 00:21:38,560 Speaker 1: it was a design for a device that could pump 408 00:21:38,600 --> 00:21:44,560 Speaker 1: water out of minds, using a steam powered apparatus to 409 00:21:44,560 --> 00:21:47,919 Speaker 1: to operate the pump. But again, you're not using steam 410 00:21:47,960 --> 00:21:51,520 Speaker 1: to push something. It was a design where the condensing 411 00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:55,280 Speaker 1: steam would create a pulling force that would move some 412 00:21:55,359 --> 00:21:58,840 Speaker 1: sort of piston or which in turn would move some 413 00:21:58,880 --> 00:22:01,679 Speaker 1: sort of lever that in turn would operate a pump 414 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:04,560 Speaker 1: and pull water out. One of the problems was that 415 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:08,480 Speaker 1: it was even based just on the design, they could 416 00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:10,520 Speaker 1: tell that it was going to be fairly limited in 417 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:13,280 Speaker 1: how far it could draw water, something like, you know, 418 00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:17,840 Speaker 1: between twenty and thirty feet maybe um and that would 419 00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:21,280 Speaker 1: be something that future engineers would improve upon. And that 420 00:22:21,359 --> 00:22:24,000 Speaker 1: leads us up to the first big name. But before 421 00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:27,240 Speaker 1: we get into that, let's take a quick break to 422 00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:30,439 Speaker 1: thank our sponsor. All right, let's get back into talking 423 00:22:30,480 --> 00:22:34,520 Speaker 1: about steam engines. So we have worked our way up 424 00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:39,320 Speaker 1: to seventeen twelve when a fellow named Thomas Newcoming invents 425 00:22:39,359 --> 00:22:42,400 Speaker 1: a steam engine that is following along the same lines 426 00:22:42,440 --> 00:22:46,280 Speaker 1: as Thomas Savory's idea, the idea to pump water from mines. 427 00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:49,000 Speaker 1: The basic design was like this. You had a boiler 428 00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:50,840 Speaker 1: and the boiler's purpose, of course, is to hold the 429 00:22:50,840 --> 00:22:54,520 Speaker 1: water and to allow that to heat up to steam. Right, 430 00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:58,280 Speaker 1: so the steam would move into a cylinder which had 431 00:22:58,320 --> 00:23:00,679 Speaker 1: a piston in it. But again, it wasn't meant to 432 00:23:00,720 --> 00:23:04,199 Speaker 1: push the piston. The pistons natural resting place was at 433 00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:07,000 Speaker 1: the top of the cylinder because the piston was attached 434 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:10,120 Speaker 1: to kind of a counter lever arm and the other 435 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:12,800 Speaker 1: end of the arm was pulled down by gravity. It 436 00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:15,199 Speaker 1: was meant to be heavier than the side that the 437 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:18,320 Speaker 1: piston was attached to, right, And so when the steam 438 00:23:18,320 --> 00:23:20,679 Speaker 1: would cool, it would condense, and then the force of 439 00:23:20,680 --> 00:23:23,760 Speaker 1: the vacuum that created would pull the piston down and 440 00:23:23,960 --> 00:23:26,119 Speaker 1: there by the lift to the other side of the 441 00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:29,320 Speaker 1: hind which would operate the pump. So here you've got 442 00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:33,800 Speaker 1: this pulling suction that is moving the piston downward, lifting 443 00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,959 Speaker 1: the other end of this this lever up, and that 444 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,680 Speaker 1: in turn was using it was actually activating the pump, 445 00:23:39,760 --> 00:23:43,359 Speaker 1: pulling the water out of the mine. And the the 446 00:23:43,400 --> 00:23:45,280 Speaker 1: way this would work is that once you had that 447 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:48,960 Speaker 1: steam cool down, UH, the way they would cool it 448 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:51,880 Speaker 1: down is actually inject water into the cylinder. So you've 449 00:23:51,880 --> 00:23:54,119 Speaker 1: got the cylinder, it's heated up, you've got the in 450 00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:56,959 Speaker 1: fact that heat was the cylinder was quite warm. They 451 00:23:56,960 --> 00:23:59,240 Speaker 1: had to cool the cylinder down to condense the steam 452 00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:02,040 Speaker 1: back into water. So the inject water into it helps 453 00:24:02,080 --> 00:24:05,119 Speaker 1: cool the steam down, pulls the piston down, and then 454 00:24:05,119 --> 00:24:07,800 Speaker 1: they would allow the water to heat up again. The 455 00:24:07,840 --> 00:24:11,879 Speaker 1: steam would slowly enter into this uh cylinder as gravity 456 00:24:12,119 --> 00:24:14,600 Speaker 1: was pulling the other end of the lever the heavier 457 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,159 Speaker 1: end back down again. That pulls the piston back to 458 00:24:17,240 --> 00:24:20,640 Speaker 1: the up resting place, and steam would fill the cylinder again. 459 00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:22,919 Speaker 1: You'd have to cool it down again. You do this 460 00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:26,200 Speaker 1: over and over again. Now, if you're listening and you're thinking, wow, 461 00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:28,680 Speaker 1: that that sounds like that might not be terribly efficient, 462 00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:31,760 Speaker 1: you're right, because it meant that you had to keep 463 00:24:31,800 --> 00:24:34,640 Speaker 1: cooling and heating that cylinder over and over, which meant 464 00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:37,760 Speaker 1: that you had to continuously burn fuel so that you 465 00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:42,520 Speaker 1: could continuously heat the water to create this this section. 466 00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:45,000 Speaker 1: And furthermore, I have other people working to cool down 467 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:48,000 Speaker 1: the cylinder. However, all of this was still more efficient 468 00:24:48,040 --> 00:24:50,560 Speaker 1: than housing an entire team of horses to do the 469 00:24:50,560 --> 00:24:53,800 Speaker 1: same war right, right, And so it ended up actually 470 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:58,520 Speaker 1: being such a useful device that they were used well 471 00:24:58,560 --> 00:25:04,240 Speaker 1: after roved devices were made until the Yeah, yeah, you know, 472 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:07,120 Speaker 1: it wasn't until like it was in the late seventeen 473 00:25:07,200 --> 00:25:10,960 Speaker 1: sixties when you would get a big improvement over this design. 474 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:14,480 Speaker 1: But even then, even after that improvement was made, these 475 00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:17,920 Speaker 1: were very reliable pumps and had been used for quite 476 00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:20,239 Speaker 1: some time. You can actually see one if you go 477 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:24,120 Speaker 1: to Dearborn, Michigan. There's the Henry Ford Museum and they 478 00:25:24,119 --> 00:25:27,639 Speaker 1: have on display one of Newcomen's actual engines. So this 479 00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:29,239 Speaker 1: is one of the ones that dates back to the 480 00:25:29,320 --> 00:25:33,760 Speaker 1: early eighteenth century, which I think is awesome. I totally 481 00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:36,320 Speaker 1: want to do a text stuff series where we go 482 00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:39,280 Speaker 1: to different museums and see and talk about this kind 483 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:43,800 Speaker 1: of stuff. If anyone wants to invest. Yeah, so hey, 484 00:25:43,880 --> 00:25:46,199 Speaker 1: if you guys all think that's a great idea, let 485 00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:49,439 Speaker 1: us know and we'll pass those along to Discovery, because 486 00:25:49,520 --> 00:25:51,800 Speaker 1: I don't know how I'm going to swing this on 487 00:25:51,840 --> 00:25:54,320 Speaker 1: my own other than you know, really working on my 488 00:25:54,400 --> 00:26:01,040 Speaker 1: hitchhiking skills. Lauren's nodding, Okay, so that's great radio, but 489 00:26:01,119 --> 00:26:03,159 Speaker 1: no so so, like I said, this was not terribly 490 00:26:03,160 --> 00:26:06,600 Speaker 1: efficient because of the cooling and the heating of that cylinder. Right, 491 00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:09,280 Speaker 1: So if you could find a way of creating this 492 00:26:09,359 --> 00:26:11,920 Speaker 1: vacuum to cool the steam down but to not have 493 00:26:12,040 --> 00:26:15,760 Speaker 1: to worry about heating and cooling the cylinder itself, thus 494 00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,199 Speaker 1: wasting fuel, you could make this a much more efficient system. 495 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:24,200 Speaker 1: And as it turns out, and seventeen sixty nine, James 496 00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:27,120 Speaker 1: Watt can't put the plans for this one. Now, he's 497 00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:29,919 Speaker 1: the guy who often we credit as the inventor of 498 00:26:29,960 --> 00:26:32,040 Speaker 1: the steam engine. Though all you guys have been listening, 499 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:35,840 Speaker 1: you know that's not exactly true, because he really just 500 00:26:35,880 --> 00:26:38,960 Speaker 1: took this new Comman engine and added a separate condenser 501 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:40,880 Speaker 1: to it, right, So what he did was he essentially 502 00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:44,199 Speaker 1: added a separate chamber that connects to the cylinder, and 503 00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:46,840 Speaker 1: so the cylinder would fill up with steam and then 504 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:50,040 Speaker 1: move into the separate chamber where it would condense, and 505 00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:52,679 Speaker 1: still you would still get the vacuum. But because you 506 00:26:52,720 --> 00:26:56,280 Speaker 1: didn't have to worry about heating or cooling the cylinder itself, 507 00:26:56,920 --> 00:26:59,240 Speaker 1: you didn't have to use as much fuel and as 508 00:26:59,240 --> 00:27:03,040 Speaker 1: a result, depend upon which source you read there, you 509 00:27:03,040 --> 00:27:05,520 Speaker 1: didn't have to worry about cooling the celinder. Just let 510 00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:09,880 Speaker 1: it continually exactly because from the boiler exactly, you didn't 511 00:27:09,880 --> 00:27:11,359 Speaker 1: have to Yeah, you didn't have to keep on burning 512 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:14,600 Speaker 1: fuel to take compensate for the fact that you had 513 00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:17,560 Speaker 1: to use water to cool it down. So according to 514 00:27:17,640 --> 00:27:21,560 Speaker 1: some sources, that would mean that you say, between fifty 515 00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:25,280 Speaker 1: and sev of the fuel you would usually use to 516 00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:28,800 Speaker 1: operate the steam engine. Well, that's what made steam engines 517 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:33,800 Speaker 1: suddenly practical from a fuel standpoint. So they had are 518 00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:36,840 Speaker 1: even proven to be able to do practical work, but 519 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:39,320 Speaker 1: they weren't very efficient. They use so much fuel that 520 00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:41,199 Speaker 1: it became one of those questions of well, is it 521 00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:44,280 Speaker 1: even worth it to invest in this? Uh? And then 522 00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:47,439 Speaker 1: with this invention, it made the steam engine something that 523 00:27:47,520 --> 00:27:51,640 Speaker 1: was truly possible in lots of different applications. And that's 524 00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:56,800 Speaker 1: when we really saw a figurative explosion in steam technology. 525 00:27:56,840 --> 00:28:00,119 Speaker 1: There were some literal ones. In fact, that was one 526 00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:03,119 Speaker 1: of the things what was really concerned about. He wanted 527 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:08,159 Speaker 1: to continue working in low pressure boilers, low pressure steam engines, 528 00:28:08,200 --> 00:28:12,480 Speaker 1: because he felt that any sort of high pressure application 529 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:16,320 Speaker 1: was far too dangerous to be practical. And he spoke 530 00:28:16,400 --> 00:28:21,080 Speaker 1: out yea and uh. The thing was that in other 531 00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:23,600 Speaker 1: areas of industry there were lots of improvements, like in 532 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:27,359 Speaker 1: machining and metalworking, so there were people who were working 533 00:28:27,400 --> 00:28:32,320 Speaker 1: on building stronger, more secure boilers and engines that could 534 00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:36,320 Speaker 1: handle high pressure. What was just very cautious about the 535 00:28:36,359 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 1: whole thing. So it was one of those the development 536 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:44,560 Speaker 1: of high pressure engines would wait for another probably forty 537 00:28:44,640 --> 00:28:49,800 Speaker 1: years or so. Um. But anyway, what stuff. He became 538 00:28:49,880 --> 00:28:53,280 Speaker 1: known as a genius in his own time everyone was 539 00:28:53,520 --> 00:28:58,760 Speaker 1: crediting him with the creation of this magnificent technology. Um, 540 00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:02,000 Speaker 1: I'm sure that he was happy to receive that. But 541 00:29:02,040 --> 00:29:05,160 Speaker 1: in the same year that when he created these improvements 542 00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:09,240 Speaker 1: to the Newcoman engine, there was another fellow, Nicholas Kugno, 543 00:29:09,880 --> 00:29:13,760 Speaker 1: a French military officer, who developed a steam powered car 544 00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,240 Speaker 1: and it was designed to toe artillery pieces and it 545 00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:19,480 Speaker 1: could only move it about two miles per hour, which 546 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:22,479 Speaker 1: is about three point two kilometers per hole, and so 547 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:24,840 Speaker 1: it was never really used. It wasn't really seen as practical. 548 00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:28,680 Speaker 1: The idea here wasn't. Yeah. I read about it being 549 00:29:28,840 --> 00:29:32,600 Speaker 1: um it being displayed in Paris where they were running 550 00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:34,600 Speaker 1: it and it ran into a wall. But since it 551 00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:36,880 Speaker 1: ran to a wall two miles per hour, no one noticed. 552 00:29:38,920 --> 00:29:43,080 Speaker 1: That's a true story. Um. Yeah, So anyway, it was. 553 00:29:43,280 --> 00:29:46,400 Speaker 1: But it was an early example of a steam powered car, 554 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:48,920 Speaker 1: if you can call it that. It really looked more 555 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:52,200 Speaker 1: like a like a long wooden dolly with a huge 556 00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:56,000 Speaker 1: boiler on the end of it. Um. It certainly didn't 557 00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:57,320 Speaker 1: look like a car the way we would think of 558 00:29:57,320 --> 00:30:01,040 Speaker 1: a car today. But it was designed to tow artillery. Yeah. 559 00:30:01,040 --> 00:30:04,640 Speaker 1: We will get into some actual steam powered cars very soon. Uh. 560 00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:09,880 Speaker 1: So that's when James Picard and Matthew Wassboro build a 561 00:30:09,880 --> 00:30:14,680 Speaker 1: steam engine with rotary motion. So this is using various 562 00:30:14,760 --> 00:30:19,600 Speaker 1: levers and other devices like a crankshaft to transfer this 563 00:30:19,960 --> 00:30:22,200 Speaker 1: reciprocal motion, which is that up and down motion of 564 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:25,440 Speaker 1: a piston, into rotational motion. Now, those of you who 565 00:30:25,440 --> 00:30:28,600 Speaker 1: listen to our transmission episode will know all about this, 566 00:30:28,880 --> 00:30:30,280 Speaker 1: and that's why I'm not going to go over it 567 00:30:30,320 --> 00:30:34,880 Speaker 1: again because that episode nearly broke us. It was about cars, 568 00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:37,040 Speaker 1: which I don't know if you guys have picked up 569 00:30:37,040 --> 00:30:39,400 Speaker 1: on this. I'm not a big expert and neither of 570 00:30:39,440 --> 00:30:44,160 Speaker 1: us are really gearhead. Should have grabbed Scott probably, yeah anyway, Um, 571 00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:47,960 Speaker 1: but yes, it it trans translated this reciprocating motion into 572 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:53,560 Speaker 1: rotational force. So that ended up being another important development, um, 573 00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:56,600 Speaker 1: although it wasn't really used in a practical sense for 574 00:30:56,640 --> 00:31:01,280 Speaker 1: a while longer. Um, there's a what had another terrific 575 00:31:01,720 --> 00:31:05,040 Speaker 1: addition to to his engine, and that was he created 576 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:08,360 Speaker 1: a double acting engine, right right, Well, this was an 577 00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:11,200 Speaker 1: idea that ends up being really important in steam engines 578 00:31:11,280 --> 00:31:14,160 Speaker 1: later on, although mostly used in high pressure engines not 579 00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:17,239 Speaker 1: low pressure engines. The idea being that you can you 580 00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:19,880 Speaker 1: have a cylinder that has valves on either end of 581 00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:23,480 Speaker 1: the cylinder, and so as the piston is moving toward 582 00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:26,800 Speaker 1: one side, steam is escaping out of that side, and 583 00:31:26,840 --> 00:31:29,560 Speaker 1: it's you know, it's increasing on the other side, right. 584 00:31:29,840 --> 00:31:31,960 Speaker 1: And then once it gets to the end, the valve 585 00:31:32,040 --> 00:31:34,640 Speaker 1: switch and so the piston moves to the other side 586 00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:37,000 Speaker 1: and steam is coming into one end and escaping out 587 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:39,520 Speaker 1: the other. Now, with Watt's designs, of course, we're talking 588 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:42,920 Speaker 1: about using that suction force, so it's the condensing that's 589 00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:45,600 Speaker 1: pulling the piston from one side to the other. But 590 00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:49,680 Speaker 1: later double action steam engines would actually use steam force 591 00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:52,520 Speaker 1: to push the piston one side and then on the 592 00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:55,560 Speaker 1: other side. In fact, that's how most of the locomotive 593 00:31:55,800 --> 00:32:01,280 Speaker 1: steam engines used steam. Um man, I love those locomotives too, 594 00:32:01,320 --> 00:32:03,520 Speaker 1: But then, you know, I think every kid who got 595 00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:07,840 Speaker 1: to play with them was fascinated. Certainly, people like Walt 596 00:32:07,880 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 1: Disney became obsessed with them. I think that's a safe term. 597 00:32:13,440 --> 00:32:15,600 Speaker 1: But then we started seeing steam engines used in lots 598 00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:17,800 Speaker 1: of different ways. We're getting up to the eighteen hundreds now, 599 00:32:17,880 --> 00:32:21,880 Speaker 1: and that's really where the steam era takes off, and 600 00:32:22,200 --> 00:32:27,200 Speaker 1: you start seeing steamboats, paddle steamers, locomotives. In eighteen o one, 601 00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:29,760 Speaker 1: a man named Richard Trevithick, it was an English miner 602 00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:34,240 Speaker 1: and engineer, built a steam powered locomotive called the Puffing Devil. 603 00:32:35,320 --> 00:32:38,120 Speaker 1: It could go on short trips, but only on short 604 00:32:38,120 --> 00:32:40,520 Speaker 1: trips because he had trouble keeping the water hot enough 605 00:32:40,600 --> 00:32:44,680 Speaker 1: to generate steam consistently. That actually was a real issue 606 00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:47,280 Speaker 1: with a lot of steam engines, the idea of how 607 00:32:47,320 --> 00:32:50,520 Speaker 1: do you how do you heat the boiler properly? And 608 00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:52,760 Speaker 1: I believe his engines were the first that we're using 609 00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:55,480 Speaker 1: steam to actually push pistons rather than the condensation in 610 00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:58,920 Speaker 1: the vacuum to pulse exactly. Trevithick was of the school 611 00:32:58,960 --> 00:33:02,480 Speaker 1: of thought that higher ussure steam engines their time had come. 612 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:05,600 Speaker 1: It was safe enough, you could do it. What again 613 00:33:06,200 --> 00:33:09,440 Speaker 1: was not sold on this idea, but Trevior certainly thought 614 00:33:09,440 --> 00:33:12,160 Speaker 1: that this was something that you could do. And the 615 00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:16,520 Speaker 1: early ones were still pretty inefficient. They weren't terribly fast. Um. 616 00:33:16,720 --> 00:33:22,600 Speaker 1: He would eventually build a little locomotive for for amusement. Really, 617 00:33:22,600 --> 00:33:24,960 Speaker 1: it wasn't meant as a form of transportation. It was 618 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,200 Speaker 1: called the catch me who can at a top speed 619 00:33:28,200 --> 00:33:30,880 Speaker 1: of twelve miles per hour, which is about nineteen kilometers 620 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:33,320 Speaker 1: per hour. I think I think this was in display 621 00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:36,840 Speaker 1: in London. Some track was already laid around the UK 622 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:39,840 Speaker 1: and the rest of Europe because horses would use the 623 00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:43,800 Speaker 1: track to pull pully tempole cards along, right exactly, yeah, effectiently. 624 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:46,560 Speaker 1: In fact, you have a birth of the locomotive is 625 00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:49,840 Speaker 1: really an English thing. We think of it as a 626 00:33:49,960 --> 00:33:52,160 Speaker 1: very American thing here in the United States because it 627 00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:55,400 Speaker 1: was so defining of that era. Also, we really like 628 00:33:55,480 --> 00:33:57,600 Speaker 1: to just take ownership of everything we do. I mean, 629 00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:02,520 Speaker 1: you know, it's that walls. It's so great China. Uh. 630 00:34:02,680 --> 00:34:06,480 Speaker 1: Then in eighteen o four, London brewery engineer named Arthur 631 00:34:06,600 --> 00:34:11,040 Speaker 1: Wolfe improved this high pressure boiler design through something called compounding, 632 00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:14,200 Speaker 1: which uses excess steam from one piston to fire a 633 00:34:14,200 --> 00:34:17,279 Speaker 1: second piston and then a third. This creates less heat 634 00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:19,600 Speaker 1: loss in the system and winds up with you know, 635 00:34:19,680 --> 00:34:21,919 Speaker 1: you you have to burn less fuel, which is great 636 00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:26,560 Speaker 1: more efficiency again, making it more of a practical power solution. 637 00:34:27,160 --> 00:34:29,520 Speaker 1: And uh. Moving up to eighteen o seven, that's when 638 00:34:29,560 --> 00:34:32,960 Speaker 1: another big name and steam engines this someone anyone who 639 00:34:33,320 --> 00:34:37,080 Speaker 1: has followed the story of steamboats Anyone who's familiar with 640 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:40,000 Speaker 1: Mark Twain is going to know this name, Robert Fulton. 641 00:34:40,480 --> 00:34:43,640 Speaker 1: You introduced the first steamship to provide regular passenger service 642 00:34:43,640 --> 00:34:46,560 Speaker 1: in America. Average speed of the steamship was five miles 643 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:50,120 Speaker 1: per hour or eight kilometers per hour. Yeah. Well, you know, 644 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:53,520 Speaker 1: if you don't have to paddle, it's fast enough. It's 645 00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:57,319 Speaker 1: you know, it's it's uh. And again it's one of 646 00:34:57,320 --> 00:35:00,760 Speaker 1: those things that another Onether's defining images in a American history. 647 00:35:00,800 --> 00:35:03,120 Speaker 1: You think back to things like, you know, like the 648 00:35:03,120 --> 00:35:05,680 Speaker 1: Mark Twain stories, and they all have this sort of 649 00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:10,560 Speaker 1: evocative image of the great steamship. Of course, Mark Twain 650 00:35:10,760 --> 00:35:15,239 Speaker 1: was a steamship. Yeah yeah, yeah, um. And in fact, 651 00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:18,879 Speaker 1: Mark Twain, that's a steamship term. It's actually a term 652 00:35:18,880 --> 00:35:21,560 Speaker 1: for how deep the water is, which you would know 653 00:35:21,640 --> 00:35:23,760 Speaker 1: if you ever have sailed on the rivers of America. 654 00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:26,880 Speaker 1: In Disney World, just pay attention on on that boat 655 00:35:27,400 --> 00:35:29,239 Speaker 1: because they'll tell you all this. That's where I got it. 656 00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:32,880 Speaker 1: So I'm citing my source, Um, Disney World. I was 657 00:35:32,920 --> 00:35:34,960 Speaker 1: just there. I don't know if you know that, that's 658 00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:41,080 Speaker 1: that's where he was. George Stevenson, he was another English 659 00:35:41,080 --> 00:35:44,680 Speaker 1: engineer and he built a steam locomotive to run on 660 00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:48,759 Speaker 1: rails yep. And it carried thirty tons of coal four 661 00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:52,640 Speaker 1: fifty feet uphill at four miles per hour or six 662 00:35:52,719 --> 00:35:55,239 Speaker 1: kilometers per hour, which doesn't doesn't sound like much, but 663 00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,920 Speaker 1: that's a huge amount of weight to transfer. And it 664 00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:02,239 Speaker 1: was a huge improvement over trafficics version, which could haul 665 00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:06,400 Speaker 1: about ten tons of iron about ten miles. So although 666 00:36:06,440 --> 00:36:09,160 Speaker 1: it didn't go very far, it certainly had to carry 667 00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:12,640 Speaker 1: a lot of stuff and up an incline, so you know, 668 00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:16,000 Speaker 1: it was a big improvement over taking like a super 669 00:36:16,080 --> 00:36:18,680 Speaker 1: long route in order to avoid having to go up 670 00:36:18,680 --> 00:36:21,160 Speaker 1: an incline like that. UM. Now at this stage the 671 00:36:21,360 --> 00:36:24,840 Speaker 1: steam engines worked with this. Like I said, the steam 672 00:36:24,840 --> 00:36:27,680 Speaker 1: press is on either side where you've got the piston 673 00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:30,040 Speaker 1: with the valves there. The valve will control where the 674 00:36:30,040 --> 00:36:32,800 Speaker 1: steam can enter and where it can exit, so the 675 00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:35,000 Speaker 1: steam comes in one side. Now this case, we do 676 00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:37,160 Speaker 1: have the steam pressing right, so the steam comes in 677 00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:39,960 Speaker 1: on one side of the cylinder, pushes the piston across. 678 00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:44,560 Speaker 1: The steam exits out as uh of one part of 679 00:36:44,560 --> 00:36:46,560 Speaker 1: the valve while steam comes into the other end of 680 00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:50,840 Speaker 1: the cylinder. The piston keeps that that seal steam tight, 681 00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:53,560 Speaker 1: and then the piston moves back across the way it 682 00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:56,839 Speaker 1: came the first time. Uh, and you've got this this 683 00:36:56,920 --> 00:37:01,320 Speaker 1: process of a stroke exhaust and then the second stroke 684 00:37:01,400 --> 00:37:03,279 Speaker 1: and it's exhaust, and it goes over and over and 685 00:37:03,320 --> 00:37:06,440 Speaker 1: over again. Meanwhile, you would have the piston attached to 686 00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:11,319 Speaker 1: some other form of device that would help, uh, move 687 00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:14,360 Speaker 1: the whole project, whatever it happens to be. So with 688 00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:17,759 Speaker 1: a locomotive, it might be a lever that is then 689 00:37:17,840 --> 00:37:21,400 Speaker 1: connected to a wheel. So one move of the piston 690 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:23,600 Speaker 1: would be a half turn of the wheel, and the 691 00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:25,279 Speaker 1: move of the piston going back the other way it 692 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:27,440 Speaker 1: would be the other half turn. And that's where you 693 00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:30,280 Speaker 1: get that locomotive force where you can have the train 694 00:37:30,360 --> 00:37:33,719 Speaker 1: moving down the track and having that steam escape is 695 00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:38,080 Speaker 1: what gives the trains there choo choose sound. That's true. 696 00:37:38,160 --> 00:37:40,719 Speaker 1: So you know when you hear the sound of the 697 00:37:40,760 --> 00:37:44,560 Speaker 1: steam escaping and it goes over and over. That's why 698 00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:46,799 Speaker 1: kids called trains choo choose. I don't think they do 699 00:37:46,840 --> 00:37:49,560 Speaker 1: it anymore, or if they do, it's kind of that 700 00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:52,839 Speaker 1: skew morphism thing, because of course, you don't have many 701 00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:55,439 Speaker 1: steam powered trains these days. Unless you go to Walt 702 00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:59,160 Speaker 1: Disney World where you can write a train around Main Street, USA. 703 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:02,359 Speaker 1: And this podcast, strangely enough, is not brought to you 704 00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:05,600 Speaker 1: by Disney World. No, I was brought to you by 705 00:38:05,640 --> 00:38:09,680 Speaker 1: Disney World, apparently, I believe. Usually in steam locomotives it's 706 00:38:09,719 --> 00:38:12,799 Speaker 1: called it it's called a crosshead. The the portion that 707 00:38:12,960 --> 00:38:15,840 Speaker 1: links out from this piston, and that's going to be 708 00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:18,400 Speaker 1: connected to something called a drive rod, and then coupling 709 00:38:18,480 --> 00:38:20,520 Speaker 1: rods are going to what going to be what drives 710 00:38:20,520 --> 00:38:22,560 Speaker 1: the wheels. Yeah. Yeah, I usually do have to have 711 00:38:22,680 --> 00:38:25,600 Speaker 1: a couple of different elements in here to translate the 712 00:38:25,640 --> 00:38:29,440 Speaker 1: motion properly, because otherwise, again you've got that reciprocating motion 713 00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:32,640 Speaker 1: which is just going in two directions. Right, it's either 714 00:38:32,680 --> 00:38:35,320 Speaker 1: going up and down or left and right. However, you know, 715 00:38:35,320 --> 00:38:38,040 Speaker 1: it depends on your orientation and the orientation of the device. 716 00:38:38,480 --> 00:38:41,520 Speaker 1: But that limits what you can do unless you use 717 00:38:41,640 --> 00:38:44,880 Speaker 1: other gadgets to kind of translate that motion into something 718 00:38:44,880 --> 00:38:47,440 Speaker 1: that can do useful work. I mean, unless you just 719 00:38:47,520 --> 00:38:50,920 Speaker 1: need to open and close the door repeatedly, then then 720 00:38:50,920 --> 00:38:52,960 Speaker 1: you can just have a poll attached to it. But 721 00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:57,319 Speaker 1: otherwise you would need something more more versatile. So by 722 00:38:57,360 --> 00:39:01,360 Speaker 1: eighty five, steam locomotive were starting to be used to 723 00:39:01,760 --> 00:39:05,320 Speaker 1: haul passengers on a regular basis at that point. Before 724 00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:07,520 Speaker 1: then it was pretty much used in cargo, right. I 725 00:39:07,520 --> 00:39:11,440 Speaker 1: think the very I think was the very first ride 726 00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:14,759 Speaker 1: of a passenger steam locomotive. That was George Stevenson's Locomotion 727 00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:17,759 Speaker 1: number one. It carried some cargo and maybe about six 728 00:39:17,960 --> 00:39:21,000 Speaker 1: d passengers or so, and that was that was its 729 00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:23,560 Speaker 1: maiden voyage. I hear that everybody was doing a brand 730 00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:29,000 Speaker 1: new dance now to do the locomotion. Okay, Laurence shaking 731 00:39:29,000 --> 00:39:31,280 Speaker 1: her head against I guess I need to move on alright, 732 00:39:31,320 --> 00:39:35,320 Speaker 1: So eight hundreds from all the way through eighteen eighty, 733 00:39:35,320 --> 00:39:37,160 Speaker 1: we're gonna make a big skip. Unless you have something 734 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:39,080 Speaker 1: you want to add in that. Uh, not really, no, 735 00:39:39,280 --> 00:39:40,880 Speaker 1: I guess. I guess I could put in at this 736 00:39:40,880 --> 00:39:43,640 Speaker 1: point that the popular kind of boiler that was being 737 00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:46,040 Speaker 1: used at this time, and and it's going to become 738 00:39:46,080 --> 00:39:49,040 Speaker 1: important for for safety reasons. The popular kind of boiler 739 00:39:49,080 --> 00:39:51,840 Speaker 1: was a fire tube boiler, which basically consists of a 740 00:39:51,880 --> 00:39:55,080 Speaker 1: tank of water perforated with furnace pipes and the you know, 741 00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:58,880 Speaker 1: the hot gases from generated from the fire from the 742 00:39:58,960 --> 00:40:02,400 Speaker 1: fire in these pipes that are going through this cylinder 743 00:40:02,480 --> 00:40:04,759 Speaker 1: of water are what is heating the water. It's a 744 00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:07,640 Speaker 1: pretty efficient way to do it, but it also means 745 00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:09,800 Speaker 1: that the whole tank is under a lot of pressure. 746 00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:11,520 Speaker 1: So therefore if at first it's going to lead to 747 00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:14,239 Speaker 1: that big scary explosion that we were talking about earlier. Right, 748 00:40:14,280 --> 00:40:16,640 Speaker 1: So the heating element here are these these pipes that 749 00:40:16,719 --> 00:40:19,719 Speaker 1: run through the boiler. The water surrounds the pipes, the 750 00:40:19,760 --> 00:40:23,360 Speaker 1: pipes get hot because of the fires creating these hot gases. 751 00:40:23,560 --> 00:40:25,000 Speaker 1: You also, by the way, you have to have something 752 00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:27,920 Speaker 1: to vent the hot gases out of, so so you 753 00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:31,160 Speaker 1: didn't just have steam venting out, you actually had hot 754 00:40:31,200 --> 00:40:34,560 Speaker 1: air hot gases venting out to based from whatever the 755 00:40:34,600 --> 00:40:36,720 Speaker 1: heat source was. See, that was one of the problems 756 00:40:36,760 --> 00:40:39,360 Speaker 1: that earlier inventors had run into, was that they were 757 00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:41,600 Speaker 1: trying to figure out a way of creating this hot water, 758 00:40:41,960 --> 00:40:43,680 Speaker 1: and some of them were doing things like using a 759 00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:48,000 Speaker 1: red hot iron uh inserted underneath the boiler. But that 760 00:40:48,160 --> 00:40:50,640 Speaker 1: heat starts to dissipate, and once it does, you don't 761 00:40:50,640 --> 00:40:53,680 Speaker 1: have power anymore. So it was only through creating something 762 00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:55,680 Speaker 1: that would be allow you to generate a fire and 763 00:40:55,719 --> 00:40:59,120 Speaker 1: continuate generate. So even though we talk about steam powered trains, 764 00:40:59,320 --> 00:41:01,760 Speaker 1: have you ever seen those movies where they're shoveling coal 765 00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:05,040 Speaker 1: into a furnace, Well, you have to generate the steam, right, 766 00:41:05,080 --> 00:41:08,400 Speaker 1: It's not the trains not running on coal. The coal 767 00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:12,160 Speaker 1: is what's generating the heat in the fire. It's it's 768 00:41:12,200 --> 00:41:14,960 Speaker 1: the fuel that creates the creates the heat that allows 769 00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:17,120 Speaker 1: the water to boil, that makes the train go, and 770 00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:20,600 Speaker 1: the green grass grows all around and around. So yeah, 771 00:41:20,640 --> 00:41:24,760 Speaker 1: so moving up to eighteen eight. Between eighteen eighty, steam 772 00:41:24,760 --> 00:41:31,319 Speaker 1: engines are used in practically every major industrial application and 773 00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:37,440 Speaker 1: in fact really both figuratively and literally drive the industrial revolution. Uh. 774 00:41:37,480 --> 00:41:41,520 Speaker 1: In eighteen eighty Charles A. Parsons invinced the first steam turbine. 775 00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:43,920 Speaker 1: So now we're getting into a way of using steam 776 00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:50,200 Speaker 1: to not just push something mechanically, but also generate electricity, 777 00:41:50,280 --> 00:41:54,000 Speaker 1: which would become really important as well. Uh. In eighteen 778 00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:57,080 Speaker 1: seven are actually really eighteen ninety six is when we 779 00:41:57,239 --> 00:42:00,320 Speaker 1: first start seeing steam powered cars in the United States, 780 00:42:00,360 --> 00:42:04,239 Speaker 1: the Stanley Steamer being the popular model, also affectionately called 781 00:42:04,280 --> 00:42:07,520 Speaker 1: flying teapots. Have you ever seen a picture of these? 782 00:42:07,520 --> 00:42:10,680 Speaker 1: They really do look like horseless carriages. When you hear 783 00:42:10,719 --> 00:42:13,480 Speaker 1: that term, it looks like it's a carriage that's missing 784 00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:15,399 Speaker 1: a horse in front of it, and it's got one 785 00:42:15,560 --> 00:42:19,279 Speaker 1: usually one lever that you use for steering, and that's it, 786 00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:24,040 Speaker 1: and uh, you just uh, you know, god speed. They 787 00:42:24,360 --> 00:42:27,880 Speaker 1: were really popular. They were in this early kind of period, 788 00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:32,120 Speaker 1: more than sixty of them in the United States, and 789 00:42:32,239 --> 00:42:35,799 Speaker 1: sixty that's obviously a tiny number these days, but you're 790 00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:39,000 Speaker 1: talking back then where only a small sliver of the 791 00:42:39,040 --> 00:42:42,560 Speaker 1: population would have had access to it, both monetarily and 792 00:42:42,719 --> 00:42:46,080 Speaker 1: just opportunity from opportunity's sake, you know, not everyone lived 793 00:42:46,080 --> 00:42:48,200 Speaker 1: in a in an area where they could get access 794 00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:50,960 Speaker 1: to this. Also, keep in mind that these machines were 795 00:42:51,160 --> 00:42:54,839 Speaker 1: usually used for intercity travel. It's not something that the 796 00:42:54,880 --> 00:42:59,400 Speaker 1: idea of traveling across country really wasn't wasn't part of 797 00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:02,160 Speaker 1: the automo out of industry at that point, whether it 798 00:43:02,239 --> 00:43:05,480 Speaker 1: was steam powered or gas powered or even electrically powered. 799 00:43:05,480 --> 00:43:08,640 Speaker 1: We talked about electrical cars, and they predate the gas 800 00:43:08,719 --> 00:43:12,960 Speaker 1: engine vehicles as well. Um, if you wanted to go 801 00:43:13,000 --> 00:43:15,800 Speaker 1: across the country, you've got a train, you didn't you 802 00:43:15,840 --> 00:43:19,160 Speaker 1: didn't drive your car at this time. But we get 803 00:43:19,239 --> 00:43:21,560 Speaker 1: up to a sad time though. We're getting up to 804 00:43:21,880 --> 00:43:24,640 Speaker 1: for those of us who happened to like the choo choose. Yeah, 805 00:43:24,680 --> 00:43:27,120 Speaker 1: as of about nineteen sixty, we're going to see the 806 00:43:27,239 --> 00:43:29,839 Speaker 1: end of the locomotive era. Yeah. You don't see many 807 00:43:29,920 --> 00:43:33,239 Speaker 1: places producing steam powered trains these days. If they are, 808 00:43:33,400 --> 00:43:36,160 Speaker 1: it's for some sort of amusement park or something along 809 00:43:36,160 --> 00:43:39,560 Speaker 1: those lines. It's not meant as a means of travel. 810 00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:41,719 Speaker 1: There are some steam powered engines that are still in 811 00:43:41,880 --> 00:43:44,400 Speaker 1: operation in various places around the world, but they aren't 812 00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:47,080 Speaker 1: really being produced because we have alternatives now, all right. 813 00:43:47,160 --> 00:43:50,080 Speaker 1: Certainly by the nineteen thirties, people had started to realize 814 00:43:50,120 --> 00:43:53,680 Speaker 1: that internal combustion engines using gasoline as a fuel were 815 00:43:53,800 --> 00:43:57,680 Speaker 1: much more efficient and cheap to use than these than 816 00:43:57,719 --> 00:44:01,719 Speaker 1: these external combustion engine which is what a steam engine is. Yeah, 817 00:44:01,760 --> 00:44:05,680 Speaker 1: it really is. Yeah. Um. So we start seeing this 818 00:44:05,760 --> 00:44:09,440 Speaker 1: end of this era in around nineteen But it doesn't 819 00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:12,040 Speaker 1: mean that we're no longer using steam engines. We still are, 820 00:44:12,400 --> 00:44:15,880 Speaker 1: right right, partially because we have improved the kind of 821 00:44:15,920 --> 00:44:18,920 Speaker 1: boiler that's used. Water Tube boilers are kind of the 822 00:44:18,960 --> 00:44:21,080 Speaker 1: inverse of that fire tub boiler that I was talking 823 00:44:21,120 --> 00:44:24,080 Speaker 1: about earlier. It's it's basically a furnace that's perforated with 824 00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:26,920 Speaker 1: water pipes instead of being a water tank that's perforated 825 00:44:26,920 --> 00:44:30,080 Speaker 1: with furnace pipes. And there are forts of water inside 826 00:44:30,080 --> 00:44:32,200 Speaker 1: of furnace. You've got tubes of water inside of furnace 827 00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:35,640 Speaker 1: and uh and yeah, so so only those tubes are 828 00:44:35,719 --> 00:44:39,160 Speaker 1: under pressure and therefore it's safer overall. Right, there's less 829 00:44:39,200 --> 00:44:41,759 Speaker 1: of a less of a chance for a catastrophic breakdown. 830 00:44:41,880 --> 00:44:45,560 Speaker 1: Although again with valves proper VALVNG, you're you're pretty safe 831 00:44:45,640 --> 00:44:49,360 Speaker 1: most of the time. Back in two thousand nine, you know, 832 00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:53,759 Speaker 1: way back then, a team of engineers built a car 833 00:44:53,920 --> 00:44:57,480 Speaker 1: called the Inspiration, which is steam powered high speed car 834 00:44:57,920 --> 00:45:01,800 Speaker 1: uses a turbine engine, not a pist an engine, steam powered, 835 00:45:01,840 --> 00:45:06,080 Speaker 1: and it broke the land speed record for steam powered vehicles. UM. 836 00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:10,000 Speaker 1: The average speed was a breezy one hundred forty eight 837 00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:14,960 Speaker 1: miles power or two kilometers prower. That's fast. Yeah, you're 838 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:17,480 Speaker 1: being powered by steam, and I think I think that 839 00:45:17,640 --> 00:45:20,560 Speaker 1: is still the standing UH land speed record. I know 840 00:45:20,600 --> 00:45:23,680 Speaker 1: that there's another team working on it. There's a US 841 00:45:23,880 --> 00:45:27,400 Speaker 1: steam team that's working on building its own UH steam 842 00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:30,759 Speaker 1: powered vehicle that they hope will break that record, but 843 00:45:30,800 --> 00:45:32,960 Speaker 1: as far as I know, that has not happened yet 844 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:35,640 Speaker 1: as of the recording of this podcast. Yeah, and there 845 00:45:35,880 --> 00:45:38,440 Speaker 1: is there. There are a few companies that are working 846 00:45:38,480 --> 00:45:41,600 Speaker 1: on test versions of steam powered cars. There's one called 847 00:45:41,640 --> 00:45:46,920 Speaker 1: Cyclone Cyclone Power Technologies, which is working with raytheon the 848 00:45:47,080 --> 00:45:49,879 Speaker 1: defense contractor at the moment, and in fact, the the 849 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:52,920 Speaker 1: U S team is working on a high speed vehicle 850 00:45:52,960 --> 00:45:55,399 Speaker 1: called the Cyclone. That's what the name of the one 851 00:45:55,440 --> 00:45:58,840 Speaker 1: that they're hoping will break the records, the cycling. Yeah. Yeah, 852 00:45:58,880 --> 00:46:01,680 Speaker 1: they're you know, they're producing these engines that would fit 853 00:46:01,800 --> 00:46:05,360 Speaker 1: in the you know, standard vehicle engine space. That's a 854 00:46:05,360 --> 00:46:07,600 Speaker 1: big deal too. We didn't even mention that. But the 855 00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:10,640 Speaker 1: steam engines of traditionally were very large, Yeah, because you 856 00:46:10,680 --> 00:46:12,520 Speaker 1: had to have a boiler, You had to have something 857 00:46:12,560 --> 00:46:14,960 Speaker 1: that could contain a lot of water to generate the 858 00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:17,640 Speaker 1: steam you needed, and you know, you were venting that steam. 859 00:46:17,760 --> 00:46:21,520 Speaker 1: So it wasn't like your recap capturing and using even 860 00:46:21,560 --> 00:46:24,520 Speaker 1: if you did recapture it, especially with the old condenser models, 861 00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:27,080 Speaker 1: even if you did recapture it, you were still losing 862 00:46:27,120 --> 00:46:30,600 Speaker 1: some So it's it wasn't something that you could run indefinitely. 863 00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:32,359 Speaker 1: You might be able to run it for a long time, 864 00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:34,800 Speaker 1: but you know, that's one of those challenges is trying 865 00:46:34,800 --> 00:46:38,400 Speaker 1: to miniaturize something like steam power, which uh, you know 866 00:46:38,440 --> 00:46:40,360 Speaker 1: it doesn't work so well. Also turns out to be 867 00:46:40,400 --> 00:46:43,600 Speaker 1: a big part of the steampunk movement, this kind of 868 00:46:43,640 --> 00:46:47,000 Speaker 1: idea of avoiding the miniaturization. You know, you want these 869 00:46:47,040 --> 00:46:50,640 Speaker 1: kind of bulky things that have lots of character to them. 870 00:46:51,360 --> 00:46:55,000 Speaker 1: You know, they're shiny and brassy, unuseful, but really full 871 00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:57,040 Speaker 1: of characters. Yeah, no, it's got lots of character. It's 872 00:46:57,080 --> 00:47:00,759 Speaker 1: just looks like, wow, you know, that's a great steampunk 873 00:47:00,920 --> 00:47:03,800 Speaker 1: version of a mobile device, and it only weighs seventy 874 00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:08,359 Speaker 1: pounds and burns you terribly every time you use it. Right, Well, 875 00:47:08,400 --> 00:47:10,759 Speaker 1: they know that would obviously you would be much more 876 00:47:10,760 --> 00:47:13,160 Speaker 1: frugal with your use. You wouldn't be picking up your 877 00:47:13,160 --> 00:47:16,400 Speaker 1: smartphone every five seconds at dinner. I'm speaking about my 878 00:47:16,440 --> 00:47:19,640 Speaker 1: own personal behavior at this point. So yeah, there's still 879 00:47:19,680 --> 00:47:22,880 Speaker 1: other companies that are developing steam engines for power generation, 880 00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:25,680 Speaker 1: usually for places in the world that are not on 881 00:47:25,719 --> 00:47:29,520 Speaker 1: a power grid and therefore do not have access to electricity. 882 00:47:29,920 --> 00:47:33,480 Speaker 1: There's one called a uniflow power, which is unveiled a generator. 883 00:47:33,520 --> 00:47:38,319 Speaker 1: Back in steam generator, a steam powered generator, I should say, 884 00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:43,080 Speaker 1: didn't generate steam generated power through steam, um, but it 885 00:47:43,160 --> 00:47:46,760 Speaker 1: was meant to help communities that are not directly connected 886 00:47:46,800 --> 00:47:49,560 Speaker 1: to power grids to to deliver electricity to parts of 887 00:47:49,600 --> 00:47:52,239 Speaker 1: the world that otherwise would not have it. So we're 888 00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:56,360 Speaker 1: seeing steam still being used in applications today. Absolutely, And 889 00:47:56,400 --> 00:47:57,799 Speaker 1: I mean, you know, I want to point out that 890 00:47:58,120 --> 00:48:02,560 Speaker 1: most of the electricity generated is technically steam general. Sure, yeah, 891 00:48:02,560 --> 00:48:04,520 Speaker 1: I mean that's what nuclear power is, That's what a 892 00:48:04,520 --> 00:48:07,240 Speaker 1: coal power plant is, right yea, yeah, we're talking you're 893 00:48:07,280 --> 00:48:10,880 Speaker 1: burning a fuel that is generating steam that is turning 894 00:48:11,280 --> 00:48:15,520 Speaker 1: usually yeah, exactly. Even things like the plasma waste converters. 895 00:48:15,560 --> 00:48:17,719 Speaker 1: I've talked about those in the past where they've talked 896 00:48:17,719 --> 00:48:20,240 Speaker 1: about using the excess heat in order to generate steam 897 00:48:20,280 --> 00:48:22,520 Speaker 1: that would turn turbines and be kind of a co 898 00:48:22,640 --> 00:48:25,880 Speaker 1: located with a power generator. So you'd have a trash 899 00:48:25,920 --> 00:48:29,279 Speaker 1: disposal and power generation unit all put together. But it's 900 00:48:29,400 --> 00:48:31,719 Speaker 1: using steam to do that. I mean, it's plasma to 901 00:48:31,719 --> 00:48:37,399 Speaker 1: to break down the trash. A level of efficiency of 902 00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:40,279 Speaker 1: of how hot you can get water, how quickly with 903 00:48:40,280 --> 00:48:43,359 Speaker 1: with how work? Yeah, and how can you how can 904 00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:45,839 Speaker 1: you take something that normally would just be considered a 905 00:48:45,840 --> 00:48:50,360 Speaker 1: waste byproduct and turn it into useful stuff? You know, heat? 906 00:48:50,440 --> 00:48:52,200 Speaker 1: We often think of, all, we lost a lot of 907 00:48:52,200 --> 00:48:54,680 Speaker 1: our energy through heat. But if you can recapture that 908 00:48:54,719 --> 00:48:56,279 Speaker 1: heat and make it do work like you can with 909 00:48:56,320 --> 00:48:58,480 Speaker 1: steam power, then you're in good shape. So yeah, that 910 00:48:58,560 --> 00:49:01,600 Speaker 1: kind of wraps up our discussion about steam engines. Uh, 911 00:49:01,719 --> 00:49:03,800 Speaker 1: this was a fun one to do. It's totally another 912 00:49:03,800 --> 00:49:06,520 Speaker 1: one of those look backs on on the technology of 913 00:49:06,600 --> 00:49:10,279 Speaker 1: days of YR that are still relevant today. If you 914 00:49:10,320 --> 00:49:12,359 Speaker 1: guys have any suggestions for things that we should cover, 915 00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:15,719 Speaker 1: maybe you're thinking, you know, it's high time Tech Stuff 916 00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:18,480 Speaker 1: does a full episode on Trebusch's Let us know right 917 00:49:18,520 --> 00:49:22,160 Speaker 1: in our email addresses tech Stuff at Discovery dot com, 918 00:49:22,239 --> 00:49:24,480 Speaker 1: or drop us a line on our social networks. You 919 00:49:24,520 --> 00:49:27,600 Speaker 1: can find us on Facebook, you can find us on Twitter, 920 00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:30,480 Speaker 1: and you can find us on Tumbler with tech Stuff 921 00:49:30,680 --> 00:49:33,600 Speaker 1: hs W and we will talk to you again, both 922 00:49:33,680 --> 00:49:41,359 Speaker 1: Lauren Vogelbaum and myself Jonathan Strickland Releason for more on 923 00:49:41,400 --> 00:49:43,840 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics is it has staff 924 00:49:43,840 --> 00:49:44,600 Speaker 1: works dot com