WEBVTT - Sleep, the Final Frontier

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<v Speaker 1>Three two.

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<v Speaker 2>Space flight definitely changed me.

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<v Speaker 3>I think it has definitely has an effect on everyone

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<v Speaker 3>who goes up there, even for a short mission. So,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, just looking down at the Earth, I mean,

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<v Speaker 3>it's just so beautiful and colorful and looks extremely peaceful.

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<v Speaker 2>Right you're.

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<v Speaker 3>Eighty million kid two point eight.

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<v Speaker 4>Very few people have viewed Earth the way Leroy Choo has,

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<v Speaker 4>from over four hundred kilometers above the planet's surface and

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<v Speaker 4>cruising at an unimaginable seventeen thousand miles per hour. Leroy

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<v Speaker 4>is a chemical engineer and a former NASA astronaut who's

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<v Speaker 4>been to outer space on four separate missions, racking up

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<v Speaker 4>two hundred and twenty nine days in space.

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<v Speaker 3>One of the things that a lot of people find weird,

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<v Speaker 3>and I found a little weird too, is you're not

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<v Speaker 3>sure what to do with your head and your neck.

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<v Speaker 3>You know, because you're on Earth you're used to feeling

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<v Speaker 3>that pressure on your head against a pillow, and in space,

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<v Speaker 3>of course, you're just kind of I mean, we actually

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<v Speaker 3>do have like a little foam block at the top

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<v Speaker 3>of the sleeping bag that you can act as a pillow,

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<v Speaker 3>and there's a cloth a fabric strap with velcro that

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<v Speaker 3>you can strap against your forehead if you need that

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<v Speaker 3>pressure against the back of your head to fall asleep,

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<v Speaker 3>and I don't think anyone really uses that.

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<v Speaker 4>Spending that much time in orbit means that Leroy and

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<v Speaker 4>his fellow astronauts will definitely see the effects of that

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<v Speaker 4>environment on their bodies, particularly when they're trying to sleep,

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<v Speaker 4>which is even more of a challenge in space than

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<v Speaker 4>it is on Earth. The lack of gravity effects astronauts spines,

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<v Speaker 4>their brains, and even the amount of fluid build up

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<v Speaker 4>in their nasal cavities, just to name a few of

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<v Speaker 4>the challenges. All of these things just make it even

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<v Speaker 4>more difficult to get good rest on the final frontier.

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<v Speaker 3>Sleep is not only important when you're really young, but

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<v Speaker 3>it's important as a lifestyle, even as a professional to

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<v Speaker 3>make sure you get enough sleep so that your brain

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<v Speaker 3>can develop to its full capacity. And certainly, anyone in

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<v Speaker 3>any position where you have to perform, you know that

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<v Speaker 3>you performed best obviously when you've had good sleep and

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<v Speaker 3>good rest. So sleep is definitely an important thing, and

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<v Speaker 3>it is a challenge in space.

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<v Speaker 4>Beyond the expected challenges of sleeping in space, Leroy experienced

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<v Speaker 4>a sort of jet lag as he first embarked.

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<v Speaker 3>So we kept the laboratory running twenty four hours a day,

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<v Speaker 3>and so that meant that four hours after launching into

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<v Speaker 3>space for my first time, I had to go to sleep.

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<v Speaker 3>And so imagine being so excited to be in space

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<v Speaker 3>for the first time, looking at the air floating. You know,

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<v Speaker 3>we're in this weird environment. Feeling a little weird because

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<v Speaker 3>you know you're floating and you're in space, and there

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<v Speaker 3>are all these physiological changes happening in your body.

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<v Speaker 4>Anyway, the biology and functions of the human body have

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<v Speaker 4>been shaped in part by its evolution in the gravity

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<v Speaker 4>of Earth. So how does an astronaut's body, having escaped

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<v Speaker 4>that gravity, adapt to life in a spacecraft speeding through

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<v Speaker 4>the vacuum of space. Today we're going to explore what

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<v Speaker 4>it's like getting rest for our bodies in the ultra

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<v Speaker 4>hostile environment of outer space, and how the absence of

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<v Speaker 4>gravity and abundance of radiation affect the delicate mechanisms that

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<v Speaker 4>allow our bodies and our brains to power down and recharge.

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<v Speaker 4>On this episode of Chasing Sleep, Sleep, the Final Frontier. Hi,

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<v Speaker 4>I'm Anahad O'Connor, and this is Chasing Sleep and iHeartRadio

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<v Speaker 4>production and partnership with Mattress Firm.

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<v Speaker 3>Sleep in space is pretty weird, you know, especially the

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<v Speaker 3>first time to get up there. Once we launched into space,

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<v Speaker 3>I have to say we were kind of pretty worn

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<v Speaker 3>out by the time we did fly. And that's kind

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<v Speaker 3>of a joke among us, or not especially those of

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<v Speaker 3>us who fly on the Space station, which is not

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<v Speaker 3>really a joke. It's like, you know, you're ready to

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<v Speaker 3>go fly when you're completely exhausted, and so, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>not necessarily the best way to launch into space.

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<v Speaker 4>Right, So you're high above the Earth's atmosphere in space,

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<v Speaker 4>a million things going through your mind and all sorts

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<v Speaker 4>of different environmental effects happening to your body. What exactly

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<v Speaker 4>is it like to sleep up there?

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<v Speaker 3>We had sleep stations on that flight because we were

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<v Speaker 3>two shift operations, which meant we had kind of little,

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<v Speaker 3>you know, little closets, if you will, hate to use

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<v Speaker 3>this word, but they were kind of like little coffins

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<v Speaker 3>that we could get into and slide the door shut

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<v Speaker 3>so it would be dark, and put ear plugs in.

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<v Speaker 4>Leroy continued to tell the story of his first time

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<v Speaker 4>sleeping in space, getting to the obstacle that I find

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<v Speaker 4>most interesting zero gravity.

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<v Speaker 3>And so I got into my little bunk after I'd

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<v Speaker 3>taken my sleeping pills, and it was dark and had

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<v Speaker 3>my ear plugs in, and I knew the orientation of

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<v Speaker 3>the Space Shuttle. Usually it was always the belly of

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<v Speaker 3>the shuttle facing the Earth, so I knew the orientation

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<v Speaker 3>of the shuttle. I knew my orientation inside of that

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<v Speaker 3>dark sleep station, and I was laying on my back.

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<v Speaker 3>Although I was floating, I wasn't really laying. I was

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<v Speaker 3>just floating in there in a sleeping bag, and I

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<v Speaker 3>kind of felt like laying on my side, and it

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<v Speaker 3>didn't make any sense whatsoever. But I rotated ninety degrees,

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<v Speaker 3>and in my mind I knew I was on my

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<v Speaker 3>side relative to the Earth. Didn't make any difference because

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<v Speaker 3>I was floating. And then I fell asleep.

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<v Speaker 4>So just describing these sleep closets seems like an interesting

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<v Speaker 4>place to have to squeeze into. For rest, are there

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<v Speaker 4>multiple astronauts in each bunk? And exactly how tight is

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<v Speaker 4>the space on a bed up there in space?

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<v Speaker 2>It looks like a big box.

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<v Speaker 3>Okay, So you slide the door open and you kind

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<v Speaker 3>of get yourself inside, and then there's three other people

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<v Speaker 3>beneath you if you're on the top right, but you're

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<v Speaker 3>all separate.

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<v Speaker 2>You're on your own little box.

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<v Speaker 3>And there's airflow, so you got plenty of ventilation, so

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<v Speaker 3>you don't, you know, build up carbon dox and all that.

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<v Speaker 3>But the sleeping bag's in there, and it's just kind

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<v Speaker 3>of floating in there. There's not much room. There's room

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<v Speaker 3>for nothing else except you, basically. So one part about

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<v Speaker 3>being an astronaut you can't be the slightest bit claustrophobic,

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<v Speaker 3>and that doesn't work out.

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<v Speaker 2>But it's not that bad. It's not uncomfortable.

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<v Speaker 4>Maybe it's not uncomfortable, but there's a reason it takes

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<v Speaker 4>months of training just to get used to sleeping in

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<v Speaker 4>those quarters. And beyond the training, Leroy explained how extensively

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<v Speaker 4>he and his fellow astronauts were monitored for sleep and

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<v Speaker 4>for other medical conditions.

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<v Speaker 3>So, for example, on that same first mission, I had

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<v Speaker 3>to wear an actigraph during my sleep period. It was

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<v Speaker 3>a little thing I had to put on my wrist

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<v Speaker 3>and it was just monitor. It was trying to get

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<v Speaker 3>a handle on how well I was sleeping, how restless

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<v Speaker 3>I was, how long it took for me to stop

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<v Speaker 3>moving around and go to sleep, and then during sleep

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<v Speaker 3>how much I moved around? So they were collecting data

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<v Speaker 3>like that. There are also journals that you that you

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<v Speaker 3>could keep on your part of that was your sleep quality?

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<v Speaker 3>How was your sleep quality? Anecdotally for myself, it seems

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<v Speaker 3>like I need a little less sleep in space.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know why.

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<v Speaker 3>It just seems like maybe I need about an hour

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<v Speaker 3>less in space, or I would wake up maybe an

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<v Speaker 3>hour earlier than I might hear on the Earth and

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<v Speaker 3>sleep was okay.

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<v Speaker 4>The struggle to get good sleep and outer space may

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<v Speaker 4>not be easy, but Leroy told me about plenty of

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<v Speaker 4>moments that made all the hard work well worth it.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 3>I think the most wow moment of my space flights

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<v Speaker 3>was on my third flight. We were on the second

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<v Speaker 3>major assembly mission of the Space station program, and during

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<v Speaker 3>that time I was doing a spacewalk, one of the spacewalks,

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<v Speaker 3>and my boots were attached to the robotic arm of

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<v Speaker 3>the Space Shuttle and I was being moved from one

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<v Speaker 3>work site to another, and during that transition of several minutes,

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<v Speaker 3>during a good part of it, I was face down

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<v Speaker 3>towards the Earth and I couldn't see the space station

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<v Speaker 3>or the space shuttle out of my peripheral vision, and

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<v Speaker 3>so I was looking straight down at the Earth, watching

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<v Speaker 3>the clouds and the continents roll by, and I felt

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<v Speaker 3>like a satellite flying over the Earth was probably the

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<v Speaker 3>most amazing, you know, few minutes of my career.

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<v Speaker 4>We'll be right back after a brief message from our

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<v Speaker 4>partners at Mattress Firm, and now back to chasing sleep.

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<v Speaker 4>The moment the human body enters space, a place we've

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<v Speaker 4>definitely not evolved to be, our bodies inner mechanisms start

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<v Speaker 4>to change.

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<v Speaker 3>We evolved here on Earth, so life generally likes where

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<v Speaker 3>it evolved, and so humans there are a number of

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<v Speaker 3>biomedical things that happened to us in space, and none

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<v Speaker 3>of them are good. A lot of people have a

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<v Speaker 3>little bit of congestion because in space there's a fluid

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<v Speaker 3>shift where you're no longer have gravity pulling fluids down

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<v Speaker 3>into your legs, so you have a fluid shift, and

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<v Speaker 3>even though your body tries to equilibrate that, in fact,

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<v Speaker 3>the average person loses about two liters of water in space.

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<v Speaker 3>You know, you carry about two leaders less water in

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<v Speaker 3>space when you're floating around, So imagine one of those

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<v Speaker 3>big soda bottles. That's how much less water is in

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<v Speaker 3>the average person. But nonetheless you still feel a little

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<v Speaker 3>bit full headed, a little bit like you're laying on

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<v Speaker 3>an inclined head down, and so that can make you

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<v Speaker 3>feel a little bit congested. And so, you know, that

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<v Speaker 3>was something I was aware of during my sleep, is

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<v Speaker 3>that I couldn't breathe as easily through my nose, you know,

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<v Speaker 3>and sometimes that would wake me up or something.

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<v Speaker 4>Leroy has amazing firsthand insight into the challenges that astronauts

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<v Speaker 4>face and the techniques to overcome them. So to better

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<v Speaker 4>understand the technicalities behind how space is affecting our bodies

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<v Speaker 4>and brains, I sat down with doctor Mattias Bosner, a

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<v Speaker 4>professor of psychiatry.

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<v Speaker 5>I joined the German Aerospace Center actually the Flight Physiology division,

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<v Speaker 5>and was actually hired to investigate the effects of aircraft

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<v Speaker 5>noise on sleep. Was the largest study ever that was

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<v Speaker 5>done at the time at the German Aerospace Center. Stayed

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<v Speaker 5>at the German Aerospace Center for te years, studied a

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<v Speaker 5>lot of sleep, then came to the United States and

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<v Speaker 5>did a lot of work in spaceflight and in astronauts.

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<v Speaker 4>Doctor Mattias Bosner broke down exactly what's going on in

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<v Speaker 4>and around the bodies of astronauts that makes it so

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<v Speaker 4>hard for them to sleep.

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<v Speaker 5>We also see some volume shifts in the brain and

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<v Speaker 5>the volumes that carry the cerebrospinal fluid they actually extend

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<v Speaker 5>doing long duration spaceflight. And then there's the radiation, which

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<v Speaker 5>is not a super big deal on the ISS because

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<v Speaker 5>it's still in a low Earth orbit and it's within

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<v Speaker 5>earth magnetic shield. But once we venture out of our

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<v Speaker 5>lower Earth orbit, you know, back to the Moon or

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<v Speaker 5>to Mars, radiation becomes a major issue. And we actually

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<v Speaker 5>generated predictive models for NASA looking at all the different

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<v Speaker 5>environmental stressors on the ISS, and radiation was one that

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<v Speaker 5>was consistently showing up and that it was affecting cognitive performance. Oh,

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<v Speaker 5>they're still you know, in that protective environment magnetically, but

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<v Speaker 5>then there's also the nutrition is different. On the ISS.

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<v Speaker 5>You have oftentimes elevated carbon dioxide levels that can affect performance.

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<v Speaker 5>Sometimes you know, lower oxygen levels. You have just the

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<v Speaker 5>psychological stress related to living in an isolated, confined, and

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<v Speaker 5>extreme environment with a threat to life component.

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<v Speaker 4>These changes on your body can be very jarring. For

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<v Speaker 4>first time astronauts. But with enough time, incredibly the human

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<v Speaker 4>body begins to adapt, including changes to how our brain functions.

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<v Speaker 5>There is a lot of adaptation going on, both physiologically

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<v Speaker 5>but also from a brain perspective, because you know that

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<v Speaker 5>gravity vector is gone, and you know your brain kind

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<v Speaker 5>of has to rewire itself or reweight the different neural

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<v Speaker 5>connections to make sense of this.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, for example, the visual.

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<v Speaker 5>Input becomes much more important now because you know, our

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<v Speaker 5>vestibular system that tells us how we are oriented in

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<v Speaker 5>space is no longer working. Basically it's switched off, right,

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<v Speaker 5>So there's a lot of brain plascicity going on. But

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<v Speaker 5>also you know, because of that, nausea is a big

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<v Speaker 5>problem during the first you know, one or two weeks,

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<v Speaker 5>and you know there's a medication for that as well.

0:12:26.400 --> 0:12:29.839
<v Speaker 5>Or back pain is another big issue. You know, astronauts

0:12:29.920 --> 0:12:33.400
<v Speaker 5>spines are actually extending because you know, we don't have

0:12:33.480 --> 0:12:35.800
<v Speaker 5>that gravity vector, and you know the spine is not

0:12:35.960 --> 0:12:38.480
<v Speaker 5>compressed when we're walking around.

0:12:39.520 --> 0:12:42.480
<v Speaker 4>It's pretty interesting how studying something that might seem as

0:12:42.520 --> 0:12:46.480
<v Speaker 4>foreign as an astronaut sleeping in space gives us great

0:12:46.480 --> 0:12:49.400
<v Speaker 4>insight into how our bodies work down here on Earth.

0:12:50.040 --> 0:12:52.760
<v Speaker 4>I asked Mattias what other info he was able to

0:12:52.800 --> 0:12:56.280
<v Speaker 4>discover for US earthlings while studying the sleep of astronauts.

0:12:57.080 --> 0:12:59.679
<v Speaker 5>We did this study in twenty four astronauts measured their

0:12:59.679 --> 0:13:02.920
<v Speaker 5>perform moments and we asked them questions about their sleep

0:13:03.120 --> 0:13:06.960
<v Speaker 5>and how they felt, etc. But at the time we

0:13:07.000 --> 0:13:09.920
<v Speaker 5>didn't have the environmental data from the International Space Station.

0:13:10.800 --> 0:13:13.720
<v Speaker 5>It was actually very interesting to see which variables were,

0:13:14.280 --> 0:13:16.640
<v Speaker 5>you know, showing up. And I already mentioned the radiation

0:13:16.760 --> 0:13:19.400
<v Speaker 5>that's not that relevant on Earth, but CO two, for example,

0:13:19.440 --> 0:13:21.840
<v Speaker 5>is one of the factors that plays a role. And

0:13:21.880 --> 0:13:27.040
<v Speaker 5>we just did another study here on Earth in bedroom

0:13:27.160 --> 0:13:29.840
<v Speaker 5>of participants who were wearing like an actigraph which is

0:13:29.840 --> 0:13:34.559
<v Speaker 5>a fitbit like device, for fourteen consecutive nights or twenty

0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:38.520
<v Speaker 5>four periods, and we measured you know, air pollution PM

0:13:38.559 --> 0:13:43.160
<v Speaker 5>two point five levels in the bedroom CO two levels, temperature, humidity,

0:13:43.280 --> 0:13:47.439
<v Speaker 5>and noise and lo and behold, we get significant effects

0:13:47.520 --> 0:13:51.880
<v Speaker 5>on sleep of air pollution, CO two, temperature, and noise,

0:13:52.480 --> 0:13:55.200
<v Speaker 5>always in the sense that higher levels are worse for sleep.

0:13:55.880 --> 0:13:59.199
<v Speaker 5>So in that sense, I think a lot of the

0:13:59.240 --> 0:14:03.400
<v Speaker 5>things that we observe on the ISS translate back nicely

0:14:03.920 --> 0:14:05.319
<v Speaker 5>to situations on Earth.

0:14:06.480 --> 0:14:10.319
<v Speaker 4>Matthias's job is to study all the physiological effects of

0:14:10.360 --> 0:14:13.920
<v Speaker 4>outer space so we can avoid any surprises on the

0:14:13.960 --> 0:14:17.200
<v Speaker 4>adventurers that are heading up there. But dealing with an

0:14:17.320 --> 0:14:20.920
<v Speaker 4>environment as new as that, there will always be something unexpected.

0:14:21.480 --> 0:14:25.920
<v Speaker 4>I found the challenge regarding noise particularly surprising. My assumption

0:14:25.960 --> 0:14:29.280
<v Speaker 4>would have been that up in space that you're probably

0:14:29.320 --> 0:14:32.400
<v Speaker 4>dealing with less noise than you are on the ground.

0:14:32.880 --> 0:14:37.040
<v Speaker 5>Well, you know, outside the space station it's incredibly quiet

0:14:37.640 --> 0:14:41.560
<v Speaker 5>because you have a vacuum and there's you know, sounds

0:14:41.560 --> 0:14:45.080
<v Speaker 5>are not transported at all. But inside the space station

0:14:45.320 --> 0:14:48.600
<v Speaker 5>you have you know, lots of pumps and devices and alarms,

0:14:49.240 --> 0:14:52.520
<v Speaker 5>so there's a constant background noise level. But there's also

0:14:52.640 --> 0:14:56.640
<v Speaker 5>you know, intermittent noise events that can grab your attention

0:14:56.880 --> 0:14:59.480
<v Speaker 5>and also affect your sleep.

0:15:00.120 --> 0:15:04.080
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, so how does that kind of noise affect or sleep?

0:15:04.160 --> 0:15:04.640
<v Speaker 4>What does it do?

0:15:05.480 --> 0:15:05.760
<v Speaker 2>Well?

0:15:05.800 --> 0:15:08.920
<v Speaker 5>You know, one thing is that our auditory system has

0:15:09.000 --> 0:15:12.400
<v Speaker 5>kind of a watchmen function. It's like always online, it's

0:15:12.520 --> 0:15:17.120
<v Speaker 5>constantly monitoring our environment for potential threats. So we have

0:15:17.240 --> 0:15:20.000
<v Speaker 5>to have some sensory inputs that we're still monitoring while

0:15:20.040 --> 0:15:22.920
<v Speaker 5>we're sleeping. And if everything dangerous comes up, you know,

0:15:22.960 --> 0:15:26.080
<v Speaker 5>we're woken up and so that we can actually run

0:15:26.080 --> 0:15:30.320
<v Speaker 5>away and get away from that threat. So the auditory

0:15:30.360 --> 0:15:33.320
<v Speaker 5>system is monitoring the environment while we're sleeping, and not

0:15:33.360 --> 0:15:36.480
<v Speaker 5>only for sound levels, but actually for content. There were

0:15:36.480 --> 0:15:38.760
<v Speaker 5>studies as early as in the nineteen sixties where they

0:15:38.800 --> 0:15:42.840
<v Speaker 5>would playback names, and whenever your own name was played back,

0:15:42.880 --> 0:15:45.560
<v Speaker 5>you would wake up with a much higher probability than

0:15:45.680 --> 0:15:47.440
<v Speaker 5>when it was just another name that didn't have a

0:15:47.480 --> 0:15:50.600
<v Speaker 5>meaning for you. So it's both sound levels and content

0:15:50.800 --> 0:15:53.680
<v Speaker 5>that do matter. So in that sense, you know, if

0:15:53.680 --> 0:15:56.960
<v Speaker 5>you have an alarm, I mean alarm, alarms actually meant

0:15:57.640 --> 0:16:00.360
<v Speaker 5>to grab your attention and to arouse you, like an

0:16:00.400 --> 0:16:04.360
<v Speaker 5>alarm clock right or baby crying that those sounds have

0:16:04.440 --> 0:16:07.160
<v Speaker 5>properties that make you wake up. So if there's an

0:16:07.200 --> 0:16:09.640
<v Speaker 5>alarm on the iss, obviously you know the intent is

0:16:09.680 --> 0:16:13.160
<v Speaker 5>to wake you up. But oftentimes there are like alarms

0:16:13.160 --> 0:16:16.200
<v Speaker 5>that are not that important that wake you up. Nevertheless,

0:16:16.240 --> 0:16:19.200
<v Speaker 5>so there is you know, a pump running every time

0:16:19.200 --> 0:16:21.840
<v Speaker 5>there's a change in the noise levels that is very

0:16:21.880 --> 0:16:25.800
<v Speaker 5>meaningful to humans and more likely to wake you up.

0:16:26.240 --> 0:16:28.520
<v Speaker 5>So this is you know, when it's a noisy on

0:16:28.520 --> 0:16:31.800
<v Speaker 5>the International Space Station that may actually affect the astronauts

0:16:31.800 --> 0:16:33.360
<v Speaker 5>sleep as well.

0:16:33.560 --> 0:16:36.800
<v Speaker 4>The mechanism in our brains that can determine which noises

0:16:36.920 --> 0:16:40.680
<v Speaker 4>are normal and which are important, all while we're basically

0:16:40.680 --> 0:16:43.440
<v Speaker 4>shut off has got to be one of evolution's most

0:16:43.600 --> 0:16:47.800
<v Speaker 4>useful and coolest achievements, a testament to our species' ability

0:16:47.840 --> 0:16:51.440
<v Speaker 4>to explore even places we were explicitly never meant to go.

0:16:52.640 --> 0:16:55.360
<v Speaker 3>The thing that surprised me is how quickly, just how

0:16:55.360 --> 0:16:57.880
<v Speaker 3>adaptable the human body is. Like you get up there,

0:16:57.920 --> 0:17:00.200
<v Speaker 3>it's one of the weirdest environments. You can suddenly find

0:17:00.240 --> 0:17:04.320
<v Speaker 3>yourself and you're floating. You feel weird, you're dizzy. For

0:17:04.400 --> 0:17:07.080
<v Speaker 3>the first couple of days, you've got this fluid shift

0:17:07.119 --> 0:17:09.080
<v Speaker 3>going on, so you feel like you're standing on your head.

0:17:09.520 --> 0:17:11.679
<v Speaker 3>But then after a few days, even the people that

0:17:11.800 --> 0:17:15.080
<v Speaker 3>have trouble a little trouble adapting, even they will adapt.

0:17:15.320 --> 0:17:18.000
<v Speaker 3>And then you know, surprisingly, even after a short shuttle

0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:20.240
<v Speaker 3>mission of one or two weeks, when you come back,

0:17:20.280 --> 0:17:23.400
<v Speaker 3>your body's already forgotten what it's like to be on Earth,

0:17:23.480 --> 0:17:25.760
<v Speaker 3>and so you've got to adapt to being back on Earth,

0:17:25.760 --> 0:17:28.280
<v Speaker 3>where you're dizzy again. You can't walk a straight line,

0:17:28.359 --> 0:17:31.520
<v Speaker 3>save your life. You might feel a little nauseous, you

0:17:31.600 --> 0:17:35.119
<v Speaker 3>might feel fatigued and low on energy, but after a

0:17:35.119 --> 0:17:37.680
<v Speaker 3>few days after shuttle mission, you bounce back pretty well.

0:17:37.880 --> 0:17:40.719
<v Speaker 3>So the human body can adapt to these different environments

0:17:41.280 --> 0:17:42.240
<v Speaker 3>surprisingly well.

0:17:47.200 --> 0:17:50.040
<v Speaker 4>That's all for this episode. Join me again next week

0:17:50.200 --> 0:17:52.320
<v Speaker 4>when we learn about people who live at the top

0:17:52.359 --> 0:17:54.800
<v Speaker 4>of the world, where the sun stays in the sky

0:17:54.920 --> 0:17:57.640
<v Speaker 4>for months at a time, and how the perpetual daytime

0:17:57.920 --> 0:17:59.359
<v Speaker 4>affects their sleeping patterns.

0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:03.680
<v Speaker 1>Winter is so much easier just because it's stock all

0:18:03.720 --> 0:18:05.879
<v Speaker 1>the time. But in the summer we have to like

0:18:06.000 --> 0:18:08.280
<v Speaker 1>just close all the windows, all the cuns, put like

0:18:08.320 --> 0:18:10.800
<v Speaker 1>codboard on to block out the light. At like ten pm,

0:18:10.880 --> 0:18:13.120
<v Speaker 1>just run around the house play operation nighttime.

0:18:16.320 --> 0:18:18.520
<v Speaker 4>We want to hear from you. Leave a rating a

0:18:18.600 --> 0:18:21.600
<v Speaker 4>review for our show on your podcast player of choice.

0:18:21.800 --> 0:18:25.359
<v Speaker 4>You can find me on Twitter at Anahad O'Connor. Until

0:18:25.400 --> 0:18:28.840
<v Speaker 4>next time, hoping you're living your best while sleeping your best.

0:18:29.760 --> 0:18:33.560
<v Speaker 4>Chasing Sleep is a production of iHeartRadio in partnership with

0:18:33.640 --> 0:18:38.119
<v Speaker 4>Mattress Firm. Our executive producer is Molly Sosha, Our EP

0:18:38.240 --> 0:18:42.760
<v Speaker 4>of post is James Foster. Our supervising producer is Keia Swinton.

0:18:43.160 --> 0:18:47.520
<v Speaker 4>Our producer is Sierra Kaiser. Our researcher and writer is

0:18:47.640 --> 0:18:51.600
<v Speaker 4>Eric Leijia. This show is hosted by me Anahad O'Connor