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Speaker 1: the episode description and pinned on the Noble Blood Twitter account.
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Speaker 1: Welcome to Noble Blood, a production of I Heart Radio
Speaker 1: and Grimm and Mild from Aaron Minky. Listener discretion is advised.
Speaker 1: The Baron of Lancaster and the Baron of Warwick walked
Speaker 1: a man with ropes around his wrists to the top
Speaker 1: of a hill on a warm June morning. The two
Speaker 1: barons were quiet as they walked, listening to the monotonous,
Speaker 1: deadening pace of their footsteps in the grass. The prisoner
Speaker 1: was also silent, no tears, no begging, same as it
Speaker 1: had been during his trial just a few days prior
Speaker 1: at Warwick's Castle, where a handful of other nobles had
Speaker 1: condemned the prisoner to death. The word trial is loosely
Speaker 1: applied here. There was no judge, no representation for the defendant.
Speaker 1: They said that the charge was disobeying the terms of
Speaker 1: inordinance they had agreed upon with the king, But everyone
Speaker 1: involved knew what the real charge was. Being the King's favorite,
Speaker 1: occupying all of his attention, receiving an endless dream of
Speaker 1: his money and his favor. King Edward the Second was
Speaker 1: devoted to this man in a way that he never
Speaker 1: was to anyone else in his life, not even his wife.
Speaker 1: Everyone knew who the real love of the King's life was,
Speaker 1: and so Pierce Gaveston, first Earl of Cornwall, was sentenced
Speaker 1: to death. There were two men on the hill to
Speaker 1: do the actual execution. One took a sword and first
Speaker 1: ran it through Gaveston's stomach and then pulled it back
Speaker 1: out with a sickening squish. They all waited until Gaveston
Speaker 1: fell to the grass, and then his head was sliced off.
Speaker 1: The men who were still alive looked away from the
Speaker 1: mangled body and began walking back down the hill towards home.
Speaker 1: Gaveston's body was left outside for the elements without a burial,
Speaker 1: to decompose in the grass and be picked at by
Speaker 1: the birds and rodents happening by. He was twenty eight
Speaker 1: years old at the time of his death. King Edward
Speaker 1: the Second would be furious, demented with rage and grief
Speaker 1: when he heard that his love Pierce Gaveston had been
Speaker 1: and murdered by the barons, but his options when it
Speaker 1: came to retaliation were limited. The barons had been filling
Speaker 1: in the vacuum of power left by the weak and
Speaker 1: ineffectual king, building their own private armies. The king's own wife,
Speaker 1: Queen Isabella, had been watching it all unfold for years,
Speaker 1: and she had her own ideas for how the country
Speaker 1: should be run. And she was about to meet a
Speaker 1: man who would help her with her coup. Her heart
Speaker 1: had been broken by a king who never cared about
Speaker 1: her at all. She could at least take a country
Speaker 1: out from under him. I'm Danis Schwartz, and this is
Speaker 1: noble blood. According to the Chronicle of the Civil Wars
Speaker 1: of Edward the Second, the first time the future King
Speaker 1: Edward the Second saw Pierce Gaveston, he tied himself to
Speaker 1: him against all more hurdles, with an indissoluble bond of love.
Speaker 1: It was twelve nine seven. Pierce Galveston was a teenager,
Speaker 1: the son of a knight from Gasson, who had joined
Speaker 1: the army of King Edward, the first to fight in Flanders.
Speaker 1: The King saw the young boy particularly handsome, but also
Speaker 1: particularly graceful, athletic and well mannered. He embodied the values
Speaker 1: for a young man at the time when it came
Speaker 1: to bearing and male conduct, and so the King appointed
Speaker 1: the young man to join his son's household, to join
Speaker 1: the staff of the Prince of Wales, and hopefully to
Speaker 1: serve as a good example. The King was a little
Speaker 1: worried about his son. That word the second seemed to
Speaker 1: gravitate towards activities associated with the lower class, like growing
Speaker 1: and the menial hypnotic work of farm hands like hedging
Speaker 1: and ditching around fields. But when Edward the Second it
Speaker 1: wasn't playing farm hand, he seemed spoiled. A wealthy dilettante.
Speaker 1: He played the organ and a Welsh string instrument known
Speaker 1: as a crwth, which is spelled I kid you not
Speaker 1: ce r w t h. The Welsh language does not
Speaker 1: mess around. The Prince bred horses and greyhounds. He kept
Speaker 1: a pet Cammell and a pet lion that he insisted
Speaker 1: on bringing with him on a campaign he went on
Speaker 1: in Scotland with his father. All of that to say
Speaker 1: he needed good upper class boys in his household to
Speaker 1: model good courtly behavior for him. When Galveston arrived to
Speaker 1: the Prince's household, they were about the same age. Galveston
Speaker 1: may have been one or two years older, but from
Speaker 1: that point on the two young men were inseparable. It
Speaker 1: was love in every sense of the word. They rode together,
Speaker 1: walked together, talked together, played together. It was no secret
Speaker 1: with whom the Prince was spending all of his time,
Speaker 1: and the Prince was already working hard to elevate Gaveston's
Speaker 1: position in the household. He was designated associates or a companion,
Speaker 1: rather than what one might have expected, which was for
Speaker 1: him to be a scoutefer or an esquire. The two
Speaker 1: men were so close that when the King wanted to
Speaker 1: punish his son for loudly voicing his disparaging opinion about
Speaker 1: the Bishop of Chester, he did so by exiling Pierres
Speaker 1: Gaveston to France. Gaveston was still granted a salary while
Speaker 1: he was away quote for as long as he shall
Speaker 1: remain in parts beyond the sea during the King's pleasure
Speaker 1: and waiting for recall, Edward the Second was bereft. He
Speaker 1: wrote a letter to his sister Elizabeth, hoping that she
Speaker 1: could talk to their stepmother and get her to intercede
Speaker 1: with the king to bring Gavest back. We would be
Speaker 1: greatly relieved of the anguish which we have endured, Edward
Speaker 1: the Second wrote, and from which we continue to suffer
Speaker 1: from one day to the next. Eventually, the King forgave
Speaker 1: his son's trespasses. When the prince was knighted, Gaveston was
Speaker 1: returned to his household like a graduation gift, and in
Speaker 1: thirteen o six the two boys both accompanied the king
Speaker 1: on an army expedition to Scotland to follow up on
Speaker 1: a victory over Robert the Bruce. If you've seen Braveheart first,
Speaker 1: please know that it is only history in the loosest
Speaker 1: possible sense, but this is also around the time period
Speaker 1: where it is supposed to have happened. Edward the Second
Speaker 1: Father is Edward the First, of course, also known as
Speaker 1: long Shanks. Edward the Second in the movie Braveheart is
Speaker 1: portrayed as effeminately gay. So now might be a good
Speaker 1: time to take a brief break from the story to
Speaker 1: discussed the ways we talk about homosexuality when it comes
Speaker 1: to history, especially history as far back as the fourteenth century.
Speaker 1: A lot of pre eminent queer theorists and scholars actually
Speaker 1: disagree as to whether it's useful or helpful to call
Speaker 1: someone like Edward the Second gay when that isn't how
Speaker 1: he would have identified himself, or really how anyone at
Speaker 1: the time would have characterized him. But to me, it
Speaker 1: also feels like a useless exercise to tie ourselves into knots,
Speaker 1: as some writers do trying to paint Edward the Second
Speaker 1: and Pierce Gaveston as best bros. The fact of the
Speaker 1: matter is that textual evidence is that Edward and Gaveston
Speaker 1: had a relationship that went beyond the normal courtly affection
Speaker 1: between two men at the time, something that was noted
Speaker 1: and observed contemporaneously, albeit obliquely. As Peter Ackroyd writes in
Speaker 1: his book Queer History, their relationship emphasizes that five and
Speaker 1: perhaps non existent line between camaraderie and same sex love,
Speaker 1: as we've come to see in the sort of florid
Speaker 1: portrayals of courtly love between men in the fourteenth century
Speaker 1: and beyond. Edward the Second and Gaveston would go on
Speaker 1: to have a formal relationship as wedded brethren, a union
Speaker 1: that would have been solemnized before an altar in a church.
Speaker 1: I suppose the apt comparison there is something like them
Speaker 1: being blood brothers. But again, how disingenuous to pretend that
Speaker 1: this is a story about two bros who were such
Speaker 1: close bros that they decided to kneel in a church
Speaker 1: side by side to show what bros they are. An
Speaker 1: anonymous writer of a contemporary biography wrote, quote, I do
Speaker 1: not remember to have heard that one man so loved another.
Speaker 1: Our king was incapable of moderate favor, and on account
Speaker 1: of Pierce was said to forget himself, And so Pierce
Speaker 1: was accounted a sorcerer. At the time, sorcerer was coded
Speaker 1: language for someone who engaged in homosexual acts, an allegation
Speaker 1: put more explicitly by a Cistercian monk who wrote of
Speaker 1: Edward the second, and please forgive my Latin or lack thereof,
Speaker 1: in vito sodomitico numium delectabut or he wallowed in sodomy.
Speaker 1: Edward the Second would go on to father five children,
Speaker 1: one illegitimate, more than fulfilling his duty with his wife
Speaker 1: of providing the country with a male heir. But a
Speaker 1: king doing his duty to provide an air can sort
Speaker 1: of be considered an endeavor completely disparate from ideas of
Speaker 1: love or companionship. So I think we should resist the
Speaker 1: temptation to, as I saw one less than reputable internet analysis,
Speaker 1: to celebrate Edward the Second as the first bisexual king
Speaker 1: of England. That terminology simply doesn't hold the same meaning
Speaker 1: it does today when applied to seven hundred years ago,
Speaker 1: and so personally I agree with the historians who don't
Speaker 1: quite see that sort of formal denomination as particularly useful
Speaker 1: in this case. I do find it helpful just to
Speaker 1: remember that, even though he lived in the thirteen hundreds,
Speaker 1: Edward the Second was a human being. He was a
Speaker 1: human being who fell deeply and madly in love with
Speaker 1: a man, and that relationship would be the central one
Speaker 1: for almost his entire life, and that love would eventually
Speaker 1: lead to both of their downfalls. Though the king had
Speaker 1: restored Gaveston to his son's household, the reunion wouldn't last long.
Speaker 1: After the campaign in Scotland, the army set up camp
Speaker 1: for the winter in Lander Coast, near the English border.
Speaker 1: That winter, twenty two prominent knights, including Gaveston, left camp
Speaker 1: without permission to sail to France for a series of tournaments.
Speaker 1: When the men returned, they found that the king had
Speaker 1: confiscated all of their lands in anger at their disobedience. Eventually,
Speaker 1: the king calmed down and he realized it was just
Speaker 1: a youthful indiscretion and all of the knights were forgiven
Speaker 1: and pardoned all of the knights except Gaveston. Out of
Speaker 1: the twenty two men, only Gaveston was banished, once again
Speaker 1: forced to leave the country. The exact reason for Gaveston's
Speaker 1: uniquely harsh punishment isn't known, but it's possible that the
Speaker 1: king wanted his son to move on from his teenage
Speaker 1: crush so that he could be ready for his new
Speaker 1: bride incoming from France. King Edward the First had arranged
Speaker 1: for his son to marry Isabella, daughter of Philip the
Speaker 1: Fourth or Philip the Fair, when she was just two
Speaker 1: years old. Now that she was twelve, it was finally
Speaker 1: time to make good on that betrothed, though in case
Speaker 1: you were wondering, Edward the Second was twenty three, but
Speaker 1: before the wedding actually took place, Edward the First died suddenly,
Speaker 1: and so the prince ascended to the throne as King
Speaker 1: Edward the Second. The first thing Edward did as king
Speaker 1: was bring back Galveston and grant him the impressive title
Speaker 1: of Earl of Cornwall. It wasn't unheard of for a
Speaker 1: king to give a lower born gentleman such a grand title,
Speaker 1: but given the nature of the king's relationship with Galveston,
Speaker 1: it narrowed some eyes, especially because before the late king
Speaker 1: died he had been planning on giving that earldom to
Speaker 1: one of his sons by his second wife. The earldom
Speaker 1: was supposed to go to a prince, and here comes
Speaker 1: this new king giving it to an upstart son of
Speaker 1: a knight. The new king also set Gaveston up with
Speaker 1: a well placed wife of his own, Margaret Declare, sister
Speaker 1: of the Earl of Gloucester and Edward's niece. Gaveston was
Speaker 1: also appointed regent temporarily while Edward went to France to
Speaker 1: marry his own bride, the thirteen year old Isabella. The
Speaker 1: wedding in France went right as planned, and so young
Speaker 1: Isabella accompanied her new husband back to England, where they
Speaker 1: would have another wedding ceremony and their official coronations as
Speaker 1: Queen and King of England. They arrived back on the
Speaker 1: shores of Dover on a cold February afternoon, and that
Speaker 1: very moment would doom their entire marriage. Who was waiting
Speaker 1: on the shore for the new king and his new bride,
Speaker 1: then the real love of the King's life, Pierre Gaveston.
Speaker 1: As soon as he set foot to grass, the King
Speaker 1: ran towards his lover, laughing and crying. They embraced for
Speaker 1: a long time. They kissed, all the while thirteen year
Speaker 1: old Isabella of France was just standing there, chilled by
Speaker 1: the February air and the wind whipping up from the sea,
Speaker 1: watching her new husband so deeply and so clearly in
Speaker 1: love with a person that wasn't her. At their coronation,
Speaker 1: Gaveston took most of the attention, to the shock of
Speaker 1: nearly everyone there. He arrived wearing purple, a color meant
Speaker 1: to be worn by only the king. An onlooker noted
Speaker 1: that he looked more like the god Mars than a
Speaker 1: mere mortal At the banquet. Afterward, the King spent the
Speaker 1: entire night perched on Gaveston's small couch, gazing up into
Speaker 1: his eyes, laughing and flirting with him. The King early
Speaker 1: so much as acknowledged his new bride. The scene was
Speaker 1: so outrageous that two of Isabella's uncles left the party
Speaker 1: in disgust. Life as the new Queen of England was
Speaker 1: miserable For Isabella. She was young, all alone, and her
Speaker 1: husband constantly humiliated her with his lack of affection and
Speaker 1: overt love for Gaveston. She wrote to her father, King
Speaker 1: Philip the Fair that she was being treated poorly. The
Speaker 1: money that was supposed to be given to her by
Speaker 1: her new husband seemed to be slow coming. While there
Speaker 1: was never any shortage for whatever extravagance Pierce Gaveston wanted,
Speaker 1: the jewels that Isabella's father had presented to the King
Speaker 1: as part of her dowry were being freely shared between
Speaker 1: the King and Galveston. Isabella also told her father that
Speaker 1: the barons of England were getting fed up as well,
Speaker 1: that they hate at Gaveston and the King's outright favoritism.
Speaker 1: That there were rumors that Gaveston had cruel little nicknames
Speaker 1: for all of them that he used behind their backs.
Speaker 1: The beloved Earl of Lincoln Gaveston called burst Belly, and
Speaker 1: the Earl of Warwick was quote the black dog of Arden.
Speaker 1: King Edward the Seconds untamed affections for this man, We're
Speaker 1: making him and England vulnerable. In thirteen o eight, the
Speaker 1: great Barons of England demanded that the King send peers
Speaker 1: into exile. Faced directly by the displeasure of his nobles,
Speaker 1: the King agreed. Exile also meant that he was forced
Speaker 1: to strip Gaveston's earldom, but the King compensated for it
Speaker 1: by immediately appointing Gaveston as the King's lieutenant in Ireland,
Speaker 1: and Edward the Second was king. He did have some power,
Speaker 1: and he assumed that the barons would settle down, and
Speaker 1: so a year later, when he assumed things would have
Speaker 1: calmed a bit, he brought Gaveston back to England. He
Speaker 1: was wrong. Things had not calmbed down. By March thirteen ten,
Speaker 1: the barons were all but threatening civil war if the
Speaker 1: King refused to sit down with them and negotiate what
Speaker 1: to do about the Gaveston problem. With his hands tied,
Speaker 1: Edward the second agreed to create an organization called the
Speaker 1: Lords Ordainers, a group of twenty one earls, barons and
Speaker 1: bishops who would agree on the rules when it came
Speaker 1: to managing the King's household. The Ordainers came up with
Speaker 1: a number of new rules, including once again exile for
Speaker 1: the King's favorite. When faced with a group of angry nobles,
Speaker 1: some of whom had spent the better part of the
Speaker 1: past few years assembling private armies, the King found he
Speaker 1: had very little actual power. He bargained, saying he would
Speaker 1: agree to all of the rules except the banishment of Gaveston.
Speaker 1: The nobles refused him, and so for the third and
Speaker 1: final time, Gaveston was formally banished from England. It would
Speaker 1: only be a few months before the King decreed that
Speaker 1: the Ordainers were actually operating illegally, that the proclamations didn't
Speaker 1: mean anything, so that he could bring Gaveston back, but
Speaker 1: the nobles would refuse to back down, which meant that
Speaker 1: as soon as Gaveston was back in England, he and
Speaker 1: the King were now on the run from the king's
Speaker 1: own nobleman. While fleeing the Earl of Lancaster in May
Speaker 1: of thirt twelve, the King was forced to leave most
Speaker 1: of his retinue and baggage behind so that he could
Speaker 1: travel light and avoid capture. So at Newcastle he abandoned
Speaker 1: and his jewels and plates. He abandoned several valuable war
Speaker 1: horses and various assorted trappings, and he also abandoned his wife,
Speaker 1: who was five months pregnant. Edward, the seconds only concern
Speaker 1: was Galveston. Gaveston fortified himself at Scarborough Castle, where he
Speaker 1: was besieged by the Earls of Pembroke and Warwick. It
Speaker 1: was around this time that Gaveston was also excommunicated by
Speaker 1: the Archbishop Winchesley at St Paul's. The nobles meant war.
Speaker 1: The siege ended with Gaveston's surrendering to the Earl of
Speaker 1: Pembroke on the condition that they would negotiate with the
Speaker 1: King for an acceptable course of action and have until
Speaker 1: August one to do it. Pembroke agreed, and he took
Speaker 1: Galveston into his custody to Deddington in Banbury, where he'd
Speaker 1: be kept until they finalized their deal with the King.
Speaker 1: Pembroke guaranteed his safety, and word was sent onto the King, who,
Speaker 1: of course immediately began riding north, but then Pembroke spent
Speaker 1: a weekend away with a cousin, and whether it was
Speaker 1: purposeful or just an unfortunate coincidence, Gaveston was left unguarded.
Speaker 1: When the Earl of Warwick heard that the hated Gaveston
Speaker 1: was so close, he sprung into action and captured him himself.
Speaker 1: He brought the king's favorite back to Warwick in chains,
Speaker 1: parading him through the streets like a common thief while
Speaker 1: the crowd jeered at him and made of scene gestures.
Speaker 1: Before the king could even finish his travels, the earls
Speaker 1: completed a quick sham trial and brought Pierce Gaveston to
Speaker 1: black Low Hill, where two Welsh executioners were ready to
Speaker 1: kill him by running him through, first with a sword
Speaker 1: and then by cutting off his head. His body was
Speaker 1: left to rot on the hill. Gaveston being excommunicated at
Speaker 1: the time, meant that he couldn't have a proper Christian burial,
Speaker 1: although the king did immediately begin fighting to recover the
Speaker 1: body and give his love the resting place he thought
Speaker 1: he deserved. Gaveston's body was eventually rescued and embalmed, and
Speaker 1: buried in the Dominican friary at King's Langley and hare
Speaker 1: to share. But it wouldn't be until eighteen twenty three
Speaker 1: that a local squire would erect a monument for Pierce Gaveston,
Speaker 1: which would read, under his name quote the minion of
Speaker 1: a hateful king beheaded by barons as lawless as himself.
Speaker 1: According to that squire, there were no heroes in this story.
Speaker 1: The king mourned deeply, and though during the following period
Speaker 1: he would sire heirs with his wife, his heart never
Speaker 1: covered from the loss of his greatest love. The man
Speaker 1: he had spent thirteen years with. You would eventually, nearly
Speaker 1: a decade later, find a new favorite, a man named
Speaker 1: Hugh Dispenser, the younger. Unlike Pierce Gaveston, who had been
Speaker 1: relatively moderate in his spending and not too keen on
Speaker 1: making enemies what good it did him you, Dispenser was shameless.
Speaker 1: He spent wildly, and it wasn't long before the nobles
Speaker 1: were calling him another Gaveston. The Queen, for her part,
Speaker 1: despised Dispenser. Here was another young upstart, not only taking
Speaker 1: her husband's attention again but flaunting it. It goes without
Speaker 1: saying that the King's treatment of his wife hadn't improved
Speaker 1: since the first time they set foot on English soil together.
Speaker 1: Once her household had been fleeing a Scottish army, and
Speaker 1: her husband had so dawdled on sending support that it
Speaker 1: led to her just barely escaping with her life. Queen
Speaker 1: Isabella eventually persuaded her husband to let her go to
Speaker 1: France to negotiate with her brother, who was by then
Speaker 1: the King. It was while she was at French court
Speaker 1: that she met a man named Roger Mortimer, a formerly
Speaker 1: powerful English lord who had been forced to flee the
Speaker 1: country after a failed rebellion against Edward the Second. The
Speaker 1: friendship between the Queen and Mortimer deepened when it was
Speaker 1: revealed that they had a common goal removing Edward from
Speaker 1: the throne. The two became lovers, and eventually Mortimer led
Speaker 1: an expedition that would see the pair of them successfully
Speaker 1: seize control of the English throne. Hugh de Spenser was
Speaker 1: captured and found guilty on more charges than he could
Speaker 1: answer for. He knew that execution was coming to him,
Speaker 1: and that that execution would be grim, and so before
Speaker 1: his verdict, he had been trying to starve himself to death,
Speaker 1: but it didn't work, and he was right about the
Speaker 1: execution being grim. So if you're a little squeamish about gore,
Speaker 1: you might want to fast forward about thirty seconds. The
Speaker 1: king's new favorite was dragged through the streets naked and
Speaker 1: publicly humiliated, with men writing Bible verses on his skin,
Speaker 1: Bible versus about the many sins of which he had
Speaker 1: been formally accused. Dispenser was to be hanged as a commoner,
Speaker 1: but the news was released before he was fully asphyxiated
Speaker 1: and so still breathing, but only barely. Dispenser was tied
Speaker 1: to a ladder and a red hot blade was used
Speaker 1: to slice off his genitals. From there he was beheaded
Speaker 1: and drawn and quartered. His head was mounted on the
Speaker 1: gates of London. King Edward the Second was captured soon
Speaker 1: afterward and forced to abdicate in favor of his young son,
Speaker 1: Edward the Third, who would be king in name only
Speaker 1: as Queen Isabella, and Roger Mortimer ruled as regent in
Speaker 1: his stead. While captured and imprisoned, Edward died either of
Speaker 1: a mysterious illness or more likely at the behest of
Speaker 1: the new regime. The rumor with not much factual evidence
Speaker 1: behind it, but the rumor that's plenty colorful is that
Speaker 1: he was killed by guards in a way that wouldn't
Speaker 1: show much damage to the outside of his body. Another
Speaker 1: warning here, I'm going to say this as delicately as
Speaker 1: I can by shoving a flaming hot poker up his
Speaker 1: rear end. But that detail lurid as it is maybe
Speaker 1: an example of historical embellishment, meant to emphasize the gossip
Speaker 1: around the king's relationships and sexual proclivities, but that rumor
Speaker 1: in itself is evidence that the King's relationships were explicitly sexual.
Speaker 1: No one ever shoves a red hot poker up someone's
Speaker 1: but because they're upset that he's such close platonic bros
Speaker 1: with another man. That's the tragic story of Pierce Gaveston
Speaker 1: and King Edward the Second. But stick around after a
Speaker 1: brief sponsor break to hear more about what happened with
Speaker 1: Queen Isabella. Edward the Third eventually came of age and
Speaker 1: overthrew the regency of Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabella. Roger
Speaker 1: Mortimer was killed, but graciously Edward the Third spared the
Speaker 1: life of his mother. The Queen was briefly imprisoned, but
Speaker 1: then allowed to live in a palace just away from court.
Speaker 1: Edward the Third did one more thing to honor the
Speaker 1: memory of his father, the man whom he could scarcely remember,
Speaker 1: but who had been so deeply betrayed by his wife
Speaker 1: and fellow countrymen. When Queen Isabella died, her son Edward
Speaker 1: the Third had something wrapped in linen and buried alongside her.
Speaker 1: It was King Edward the seconds embalmed heart, the thing
Speaker 1: that had caused so much trouble and strife and pain.
Speaker 1: At last, for the first time and only in death,
Speaker 1: what Queen Isabella finally have it. Noble Blood is a
Speaker 1: production of I Heart Radio and Grimm and Mild from
Speaker 1: Aaron Manky. The show was written and hosted by Dana
Speaker 1: Schwartz and produced by Aaron Mankey, Matt Frederick, Alex Williams,
Speaker 1: and Trevor Young. Noble Blood is on social media at
Speaker 1: Noble Blood Tales, and you can learn more about the
Speaker 1: show over at Noble Blood Tales dot com. For more
Speaker 1: podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit the I heart Radio app,
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.
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