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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, this is future Robert uh speaking on this

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Speaker 1: past episode of Stuff to Blow Your Mind. I just

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Speaker 1: want to warn you in this episode, as at one

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Speaker 1: point I refer to the I S. S. Presso machine

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Speaker 1: as weighing four hundred pounds, I'm meant to say it

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Speaker 1: weighs forty pounds. Well, that totally undercuts my reaction to it,

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Speaker 1: so disregard all all considerations given thereafter. Alright, well that's

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Speaker 1: all we had to say. So we're gonna jump back

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Speaker 1: in the time machine and we'll chat to you again

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Speaker 1: in a future episode. But continue to enjoy this past

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Speaker 1: episode about coffee in space. Welcome to Stuff to Blow

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Speaker 1: your Mind from how Stuff Works dot com. Hey you,

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Speaker 1: welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. My name is

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Speaker 1: Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. And before we got

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Speaker 1: on Mike here, Robert and I were just talking about

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Speaker 1: our favorite coffee cliches. What do you call those sayings,

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Speaker 1: like sayings that people put on a T shirt or

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Speaker 1: in a little meme or on a pillow or a

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Speaker 1: key cha fob, Like you're talking about a little bumper

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Speaker 1: sticker wisdom, aren't you. Yeah, I don't know what the

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Speaker 1: word for that is it's not quotes, but the kinds

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Speaker 1: of text you put on things in order to be witty,

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Speaker 1: Like I like my coffee, like I like my men,

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Speaker 1: And then there's some joke, yeah, sort of like, uh,

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Speaker 1: I like my coffee, like I like my astronauts, bold

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Speaker 1: and highly susceptible to cosmic radiation. I like my coffee

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Speaker 1: like I like my men congested and with bone atrophy.

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Speaker 1: That doesn't make any sense to but but it we've failed,

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Speaker 1: we wouldn't know. We haven't failed. But what we're trying

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Speaker 1: to do as noble, we're trying to bring coffee and

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Speaker 1: space together. And really that's been that's been a noble

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Speaker 1: mission in space exploration in general for a while. How

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Speaker 1: How are we going to enable our brave astronauts to

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Speaker 1: drink coffee in space? This is an important subject, and

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Speaker 1: I actually mean that it's not. This might be kind

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Speaker 1: of kind of a niche topic maybe, but but stick

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Speaker 1: around because coffee and space is more interesting than you

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Speaker 1: might think, and it's more important than you might think. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, certainly we're gonna get into some into some

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Speaker 1: cool physics here. Relate. Those are the fluid dynamics of

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Speaker 1: liquids and uh and and heated liquids in microgravity. But

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Speaker 1: I mean, bottom line, coffee in the experience of having

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Speaker 1: a cup of coffee is a very important terrestrial practice.

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Speaker 1: And as we go into space, uh it is it's

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Speaker 1: it's good to have something like that to bring with us.

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Speaker 1: It grounds us, It gives us a sense of calm,

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Speaker 1: a sense of of normalcy in this highly dangerous environment. Robert,

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Speaker 1: what do you think would happen if you were, at

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Speaker 1: the same time asked to do something unusual, you had

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Speaker 1: to like undertake a dangerous mission, and you were also

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Speaker 1: deprived of coffee concurrent with that. Mmmm, well, I would

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Speaker 1: have to have this. This does happen sometimes, really, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like when it's when traveling. Sometimes, you know, some sort

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Speaker 1: of stress comes up on traveling. So what I try

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Speaker 1: and do is have some sort of like green tea

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Speaker 1: pills on hand, you know, something where I can I

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Speaker 1: can give myself some caffeine and and I'm not having

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Speaker 1: to just chase down a bad cup of coffee in

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Speaker 1: the middle of nowhere to get pills. I don't mean

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Speaker 1: to judge that sounds sterile and perverted. You know, there's

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Speaker 1: no pleasure in it, except it can help stave off,

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Speaker 1: you know, a caffeine headache. It can help keep me

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Speaker 1: awake if I'm driving, that sort of thing. And so

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Speaker 1: if I was an outer space conceivably, you know, I

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Speaker 1: imagine I could get by without the coffee. It provided

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Speaker 1: that I had access to the green tea pills or

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Speaker 1: you know, or whatever what other whatever kind of you know,

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Speaker 1: additional stimuli they had up there on hand to keep

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Speaker 1: me alert and focused. But coffee is more than just caffeine, right,

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Speaker 1: I mean that caffeine is one of the main things

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Speaker 1: about it. We like, we like it's drug effects, but

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Speaker 1: coffee is an institution of human life in many cultures

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Speaker 1: around the world. It's not just a chemical, but it's

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Speaker 1: an important texture of life. Yeah, I mean, it's it's

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Speaker 1: the drinking of the coffee and the but it's also

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Speaker 1: the making of the coffee. Just the practice of making

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Speaker 1: a cup of coffee for many people, um, myself included,

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Speaker 1: like that is a part of the ritual you you

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Speaker 1: you just it's part of your morning or your your

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Speaker 1: afternoon whenever you you know, you have that at that

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Speaker 1: essential cup. It's quiet, it's meditative. It makes me start

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Speaker 1: to feel like I'm getting ready for the day. It's

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Speaker 1: one of those things that you know. I think often

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Speaker 1: we underestimate the power of simple physical rituals in preparing

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Speaker 1: our mind space for for activities. Like people think they

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Speaker 1: need coffee because they need caffeine in order to start

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Speaker 1: getting work done, and that that is somewhat true. The

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Speaker 1: caffeine does something, but you also need the process of

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Speaker 1: the brewing and the drinking that doing those familiar motions

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Speaker 1: gets you primed. Yeah, it's the you're engaging in the

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Speaker 1: story too, like this is the story of the thing

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Speaker 1: I must do to start working and uh And likewise,

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Speaker 1: that's a whole other avenue to for many coffee drinkers

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Speaker 1: like the story of the beans. And certainly, yes, they

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Speaker 1: are varying degrees of quality and varying flavors for different

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Speaker 1: different types of coffee beans and different preparation methods, etcetera.

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Speaker 1: But we also get just so into the story off

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Speaker 1: and it's like with with with the with with wine enthusiast, right,

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Speaker 1: I mean, there's some scientific studies that that kind of

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Speaker 1: cast doubt onto what degree of wine enthusiasts can actually taste.

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Speaker 1: Various differences in the uh, you know, the vintage that

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Speaker 1: they're drinking. But I mean, if you put a label

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Speaker 1: on wine that's a taste like seashells and sweet and low,

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Speaker 1: people would be able to taste that, right. Yeah. But

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Speaker 1: but ultimately it's all about the story of that wine,

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Speaker 1: and you're engaging with that story and it's bringing you value.

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Speaker 1: You know, it's a and I don't think there's anything

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Speaker 1: wrong with that. And so there's there's that going on

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Speaker 1: with coffee as well, And as we'll touch on later,

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Speaker 1: there's a little of that in the story of coffee

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Speaker 1: and space, you know, or Abert one of the things

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Speaker 1: that you made me realizes that the reason we actually

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Speaker 1: need coffee in space for real astronauts is the same

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Speaker 1: reason there's always a scene of astronauts drinking coffee in

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Speaker 1: sci fi movies about space. Oh yeah, yeah, we were

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Speaker 1: we were sort of brainstorming about this, like what what films?

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Speaker 1: What classic sci fi films, uh, you know have coffee

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Speaker 1: drinking scenes. And there's you see it in Alien from

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Speaker 1: seventy nine, you see it in a silent running from

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Speaker 1: seventy two two thousand and one of Space Odyssey. There's

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Speaker 1: stally forgotten. Yeah, now I now I'm not so, I

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Speaker 1: don't remember. It's been a little while since I've seen it.

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Speaker 1: I'm due for a reviewing. It's possible that they're they're

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Speaker 1: they're drinking tea. I'm not sure which characters are are

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Speaker 1: drinking in this particular scene, but maybe just scalding hot

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Speaker 1: orange juice. But but t is very similar, of course,

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Speaker 1: because the tea is also checking off the same boxes,

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Speaker 1: the ritual, the you know, the hot brew that invigorates you, etcetera.

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Speaker 1: Speaking of tea, we know that at least a certain

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Speaker 1: Starfleet captain loves his oh gray hot. But do they

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Speaker 1: drink coffee on the Inner Prize? Uh? They did, at

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Speaker 1: least I found a screenshot from from Star Trek Voyager,

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Speaker 1: So there's at least one scene with coffee. But I'm

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Speaker 1: sure they're countless other examples of characters drinking some sort

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Speaker 1: of coffee based beverage. Did the long Ones drink coffee

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Speaker 1: in the expanse Um, Well, there is a lot of

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Speaker 1: coffee drinking the in the expanse there's a particular high

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Speaker 1: grade coffee machine on one of the main ships, and

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Speaker 1: it's it's referenced a lot, and at one point it's

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Speaker 1: broken and and and everybody is is rather upset about it.

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Speaker 1: But this is a show that does at least value

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Speaker 1: the the the engineering challenges involved with creating a proper

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Speaker 1: coffee brewing device for a spaceship that's going to be

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Speaker 1: going in and out of micro gravity. And then of

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Speaker 1: course there's this scene from Event Horizon, Don't speak of

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Speaker 1: It features some really tasteless jokes. Yeah yeah, but but

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Speaker 1: even still, we see this trend continuing where you have characters,

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Speaker 1: you know, in outer space, in this just unrelatable environment

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Speaker 1: for the vast majority of the human population. You have

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Speaker 1: them engaging and even more elaborate scenarios encountering aliens or

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Speaker 1: demons from from the you know, the the other side

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Speaker 1: of a wormhole. But there's if there's anything that we

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Speaker 1: can relate to and what they're doing and what they

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Speaker 1: want out of life, it's that cup of coffee. Oh yeah.

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Speaker 1: This is a standard part of narrative theory that you have.

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Speaker 1: If you want to tell an extraordinary story, you need

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Speaker 1: to ground the extraordinary elements of the story and mundane things,

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Speaker 1: things that make you feel familiar and comfortable, in order

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Speaker 1: to accent the unfamiliarity of the strange parts of the story. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I remember Berto Eco wrote an essay dealing with some

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Speaker 1: of this, talking about coffee consumption in I think James

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Speaker 1: Bond novels, as well as another spy series. What was

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Speaker 1: the one that they made films of it with the

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Speaker 1: Michael Caine. What was Michael Caine's spy character. I just

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Speaker 1: looked it up. It's Harry Palmer. Yeah, that's the one.

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Speaker 1: That's the one, so Hip Crest file. Yeah, So the

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Speaker 1: ideas you have, you have this these these spy characters

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Speaker 1: and they're doing all this this crazy stuff. They're gonna

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Speaker 1: have Harry Palms for some reason. But no matter what

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Speaker 1: they're doing, you know, if they're wrestling giant squid or

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Speaker 1: what have you, they're still drinking that coffee and that

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Speaker 1: that serves as an anchoring point for the for our experience.

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Speaker 1: A lot of horror and sci fi movies do this

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Speaker 1: also with cigarettes. Coffee and cigarettes I think are especially

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Speaker 1: useful consumables for this narrative purpose, for grounding the narrative

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Speaker 1: and a kind of mundane familiarity and comfort, because coffee

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Speaker 1: and cigarettes are symbols of order. You ever think about

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Speaker 1: this like you can group food and drink and drugs

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Speaker 1: into categories of order symbology and chaos symbology. Like if

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Speaker 1: you had characters on a on a starship doing heroin

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Speaker 1: or something like that, that would that would like throw

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Speaker 1: you off even more, right, it would sort of like

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Speaker 1: make the narrative feel even more untethered and chaotic. But

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Speaker 1: if you give people these drugs that we typically think

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Speaker 1: of as associated with regularity, stability, routine comfort, compliance, they're

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Speaker 1: sort of signals of orderliness and predictability. And nicotine and

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Speaker 1: caffeine are definitely both drugs like that, And of course

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Speaker 1: that's not an endorsement of of actually doing them now.

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Speaker 1: But to your point, like, the order comes from far

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Speaker 1: more than just the substance itself. It's the I've talked

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Speaker 1: to people who who have been smokers and former smokers,

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Speaker 1: and I think in most cases and they talk about

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Speaker 1: how just having the cigarette like gives them a sense

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Speaker 1: of purpose in a particular environment. So like you're standing around, um,

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Speaker 1: you know, outside at a show or something and the like,

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Speaker 1: having the cigarette it like kind of gives you license

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Speaker 1: to be there doing something and then potentially engaging socially

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Speaker 1: with other people. Yeah, well, it's also a meditative ritual,

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Speaker 1: and you perform the same familiar actions in the same

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Speaker 1: order over and over again, when you brew a cup

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Speaker 1: of coffee, or when you have a cigarette. Again not

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Speaker 1: endorsing tobacco, but when you do these things, you light

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Speaker 1: up again that familiar pathway in your brain. Yeah. I've

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Speaker 1: been at like, you know, social situations where I don't

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Speaker 1: know anyone, uh, and if there's coffee, or sometimes it's

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Speaker 1: just some other beverage. But as long as I have

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Speaker 1: the beverage, it gives me an added sense of purpose.

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Speaker 1: I have this thing that I'm doing, and then when

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Speaker 1: the cup is empty, I still feel compelled to carry

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Speaker 1: the cup around because if I put the cup down,

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Speaker 1: then I'm just standing here with nothing in my hands.

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Speaker 1: What am I doing here? What kind of a freak show?

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Speaker 1: Am I? You need a cup in each hand, and

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Speaker 1: then you feel even more secure duct taped into place,

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Speaker 1: right Edward, coffee hands. Yeah. So it's clear coffee plays

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Speaker 1: a role in in establishing these meditative rituals that make

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Speaker 1: us feel comfortable, in putting us in a calm mindset,

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Speaker 1: getting us ready to do things, making us productive. It

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Speaker 1: has all these benefits. I wanted to talk about a

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Speaker 1: couple of other benefits. I just found poking around, uh

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Speaker 1: in in studies on the effects of coffee that seemed

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Speaker 1: like they would be useful in space. One of them,

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Speaker 1: Robert I. Bett, you may have encountered, this is the

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Speaker 1: principle we've discovered in re cent years that warm drinks

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Speaker 1: make us feel social warmth. Oh yeah, we have touched

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Speaker 1: on that before. Yeah, so the standard study, I think

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Speaker 1: the original one of these was published in Science UM

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Speaker 1: years ago by Williams and Bargain. It's called Experiencing physical

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Speaker 1: warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth, and the basic setup is you've

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Speaker 1: got people who hold a cup of hot coffee as

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Speaker 1: opposed to a cup of iced coffee. And apparently what

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Speaker 1: the study found is that subjects who were holding the

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Speaker 1: hot coffee quote judged a target person as having a

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Speaker 1: warmer personality in terms of being more generous or caring.

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Speaker 1: And also people holding the hot coffee were more likely

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Speaker 1: to choose a gift for a friend instead of for themselves.

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Speaker 1: And I've read there are subsequent studies on this that

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Speaker 1: look into things like oral temperature and all that. It

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Speaker 1: seems generally that hot beverages encourage positive social connections. And

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Speaker 1: we can certainly see the value of that just on

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Speaker 1: an office environment or out on the street, but certainly

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Speaker 1: in space you have a team that's having to work

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Speaker 1: together to give everything running, to keep everybody alive, sometimes

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Speaker 1: an international team. Uh. This the coffee and or tea

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Speaker 1: can be a unifying force exactly. And so this effect

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Speaker 1: maybe there with other hot beverages. I mean, sure you

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Speaker 1: could also have people hold and drink hot water or

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Speaker 1: scalding hot orange juice. But people already like hot coffee.

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Speaker 1: They already have hot coffee rituals, So why not try

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Speaker 1: to give them that. I got another one. Have you

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Speaker 1: read about how coffee apparently seems to give you some

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Speaker 1: kind of advantage in causing the brain to recognize emotionally

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Speaker 1: positive stimuli. Huh yeah. So there was a study in

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Speaker 1: PLS one by Lars co Chink and Vanessa Lucks called

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Speaker 1: caffeine improves left hemisphere processing of positive words. So basically

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Speaker 1: what they found is that caffeine consumption boosts the speed

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Speaker 1: at which the left hemisphere of the brain recognizes and

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Speaker 1: process us as positive words, but doesn't have any effect

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Speaker 1: on the processing speed of neutral or negative words. And

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Speaker 1: they think this is probably because caffeine seems to boost

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Speaker 1: dopamine transmission in the brain. The Ohio State professor of psychology,

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Speaker 1: Gary Wink, who has written a lot about the connection

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Speaker 1: between foods and neurochemistry, rights that basically, the dopamine activity

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Speaker 1: caused by caffeine is probably one of the main reasons

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Speaker 1: that caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive

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Speaker 1: substances across the entire world. And so, to go back

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Speaker 1: to the plos one study, the authors think that the

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Speaker 1: dopaminergenic qualities of caffeine are what's leading to this increased

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Speaker 1: positivity boost in in the processing powers of the you know,

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Speaker 1: the the verbal processing centers of the left hemisphere. So

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Speaker 1: at a time when you need people to work together

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Speaker 1: as a team, get along, well, have everybody happy with

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Speaker 1: each other seems to me like boosting the recognition of

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Speaker 1: words and other types of cues that signal positive emotions

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Speaker 1: sound is like a good deal, right, yeah, yeah, Anything

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Speaker 1: you can do to boost the positive communication, right, anything

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Speaker 1: that would help assist the processing of at least some

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Speaker 1: cues of positivity in our environment seems worthwhile. In space,

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Speaker 1: and of course again you could just have people take

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Speaker 1: a caffeine pill probably right. Yeah, but people already like coffee,

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Speaker 1: they already have coffee rituals. It seems like you can

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Speaker 1: you can get all of these different effects concentrated into

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Speaker 1: one thing if you just get coffee in space. So

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Speaker 1: is there a problem with coffee in space? Why can't

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Speaker 1: we just take mr Coffee up there? Well, it's only

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Speaker 1: occurring to me now that there's the whole diuretic coffee.

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Speaker 1: But that's a that's that's a that's a whole another

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Speaker 1: episode right there. Um, well, you're thinking about that while

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Speaker 1: I'm going on about positivity, you're like pooping. Yeah, well

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Speaker 1: I didn't think of it till till till now, to

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Speaker 1: be honest. But but I mean, that's a whole side

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Speaker 1: of the human condition that is also problematic in um microgravity,

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Speaker 1: and a lot of engineering problems has been directed at

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Speaker 1: the problems related to just going to the bathroom in space.

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Speaker 1: Less effort has been put into the coffee problem. Coffee

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Speaker 1: problem is is not as as high level, but the

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Speaker 1: problem of making coffee in space is that pretty much

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Speaker 1: all of our methods of of brewing coffee are highly

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Speaker 1: dependent upon gas on gravity. Oh yeah, and so you

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Speaker 1: don't even think about how important it is. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: even like just roughly speaking, there there two methods of

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Speaker 1: making coffee, Like one that's using that's straight up using

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Speaker 1: gravity like water flowing down through grounds and then brewing

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Speaker 1: the coffee. And then you have methods that involve pressure,

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Speaker 1: like an espresso machine or or or an aero press,

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Speaker 1: which is a device I really love for my coffee. Um,

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Speaker 1: I've never used that. How does that work? Well, it's

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Speaker 1: it's essentially like a cylinder has a filter on one end.

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Speaker 1: You put the grounds in, you pour hot water in,

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Speaker 1: and then use the plunger. You can let it steep

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Speaker 1: a little bit too, so you know, it's so it's

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Speaker 1: similar to something Frenche press in that respect, but then

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Speaker 1: you can press you you press it and the pressure

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Speaker 1: pushes the coffee out into your cup. But even that,

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Speaker 1: even though pressure is involved, like that would be a

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Speaker 1: disaster if I tried to use that in microgravity. And likewise,

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Speaker 1: even a very nice espresso machine which looks very compact

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Speaker 1: and uh and self contained, you would not be able

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Speaker 1: to run that in orbit because yes, it depends on pressure,

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Speaker 1: but it still depends on gravity. Maybe a little bit

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Speaker 1: poorous if if you don't actually have such a thing

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Speaker 1: as a down, right, and then if you have no

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Speaker 1: such thing as a as a proper kitchen sink to

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Speaker 1: clean any of these implements. Uh. I think most of

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Speaker 1: us can can can think two very recent examples of

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Speaker 1: huge messes they've made with coffee, you know, but that

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Speaker 1: by accident, maybe in the clean up foot phase. Uh,

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Speaker 1: and that's all with a down that's that Yeah, that's

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Speaker 1: with gravity in place and a proper sink to clean

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Speaker 1: it up. But in uh, in board the I S

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Speaker 1: S certainly aboard any other kind of uh you know,

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Speaker 1: conceivable um uh capsule rules or or shuttles that we've

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Speaker 1: used in in recent decades, you're just not gonna have

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Speaker 1: that kind of cleanup capability. Uh. The machine itself is

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Speaker 1: going to just become grotesque. And you can't just send

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Speaker 1: it back down necessarily either. I mean, if once you

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Speaker 1: get something up on I S S, it's uh, it

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Speaker 1: needs to stay up there for a while without having

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Speaker 1: to be You can't send it down every weekend to

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Speaker 1: get it cleaned. Now, what about the method where you

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Speaker 1: just put the grounds in your mouth and then squirt

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Speaker 1: the hot water in and kind of switch it around. Well,

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Speaker 1: I guess that would work, is that what is is

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Speaker 1: that cowboy coffee? No way, I'm I'm gonna rebrand it.

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Speaker 1: That's executive coffee. Executive coffee, So now it's a luxury. Well,

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Speaker 1: there's still a lot of room for human error in

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Speaker 1: that method. Um, I mean, basically, one of the big

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Speaker 1: things to keep in mind is that even if you

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Speaker 1: take the technology out of out of the scenario without

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Speaker 1: proper gravity in place, liquids moved differently, they absorbed differently,

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Speaker 1: and uh yeah, even something as seemingly no nonsense as

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Speaker 1: an aero press, which again just looks like a little

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Speaker 1: pump device, is just going to be disastrous in microgravity. Now,

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Speaker 1: the basic process that we depend on to make coffee,

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Speaker 1: just to to really boil it down. Uh, you have

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Speaker 1: hot water flowing through ground coffee beans picking up their

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Speaker 1: oil essence on the way down into the coffee pot.

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Speaker 1: This coffee oil released during the roasting process is what

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Speaker 1: we call cafe all now. And like I said, an

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Speaker 1: espresso machine that's going to force the water through the

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Speaker 1: fine grounds via pressure. But again even that depends on

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Speaker 1: gravity and would not work in space. So we're kind

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Speaker 1: of left with with quite a conundrum here, how to

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Speaker 1: how do you even bring coffee into space, much less

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Speaker 1: brew it? Well maybe we should take a quick break

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Speaker 1: and then come back and explore this further. Thank you.

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Speaker 1: All right, we're back. So how to get coffee into space?

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Speaker 1: How to brew coffee in space? Well, um, we're gonna

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Speaker 1: have to talk about the past first. How how it

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Speaker 1: was done previously as we as humanity uh clawed their

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Speaker 1: way up into orbits? Does does this involved the words

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Speaker 1: freeze dried? Yes, you better does? Oh boy? So first

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Speaker 1: of all, let's get one thing straight. Prior to Apollo eleven,

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Speaker 1: that's nine, the first Crewe jaunt to the surface of

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Speaker 1: the Moon. Prior to this, there was no hot coffee

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Speaker 1: in space. Bum you could have it cold, but this

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Speaker 1: was the first omission to actually feature hot water. So

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Speaker 1: so like the Giminy commanders were on, they were powered

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Speaker 1: by cold coffee. Yeah, that was that was the only option.

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Speaker 1: That's sick or at least room temperature or capsule temperature

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Speaker 1: got coffee. That was the only option. Well, here's the

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Speaker 1: science question. I don't know the answer to. Maybe you do.

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Speaker 1: Why is mid temperature coffee so disgusting like ice coffee

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Speaker 1: is Okay, I'm into that hot coffee is good, but

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Speaker 1: like slightly lower than than warm coffee is just gross.

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Speaker 1: Well I don't completely agree with that really, Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mean I enjoy coffee at every level of every temperature.

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Speaker 1: But I think the problem is when coffee reaches room temperature,

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Speaker 1: because I I like cold coffee, but I have a

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Speaker 1: similar reaction if I am outside drinking coffee and I

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Speaker 1: have allowed it to become cold, as cold as the

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Speaker 1: natural environment. So I think that's the thing. Like with

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Speaker 1: hot coffee and cold coffee becomes clear that it's been

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Speaker 1: it's it's clear that it's been prepared, uh at a

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Speaker 1: different temperature. Well, I guess maybe it's the same as

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Speaker 1: true for a lot of foods and drinks, right, Like

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Speaker 1: hot meat and cold meat are good, but room temperature meat.

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Speaker 1: Bring me a room temperature hamburger patty. Yeah, nobody really

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Speaker 1: wants that. So hot coffee, cold coffee pre Apollo eleven,

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Speaker 1: post Apollo eleven, uh, it was still coffee making was

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Speaker 1: a very rough looking ordeal. So what we're talking about here,

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Speaker 1: as you referenced earlier, is is dehydrated black coffee freeze, dried,

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Speaker 1: stored in a clear plastic bag which you then reconstitute

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Speaker 1: through a water probe. Okay, so you stick the probe

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Speaker 1: in and pump some hot water are in? Yeah? Are

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Speaker 1: you are? Are you? You? You have your water reservoir

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Speaker 1: and the capsule or the I S S or where

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Speaker 1: wherever you have to be space shuttle. Uh. And if

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Speaker 1: you have the ability to have hot water, you can

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Speaker 1: use hot water. Otherwise you're just getting cold water and

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Speaker 1: then you're shooting it into this bag. It basically there's

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Speaker 1: some pictures of this online. I'll try and link to

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Speaker 1: one on the landing page for this episode of Stuff

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Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind dot com. But it looks kind

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Speaker 1: of like a catheter with instant coffee in it. No,

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Speaker 1: I'm afraid to ask, but I have to wonder. Is

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Speaker 1: the bag that the coffee came in the same kind

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Speaker 1: of bag they would pee in? Was it the same hardware?

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Speaker 1: I do not have an answer to that, but I

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Speaker 1: would not be surprised if it if it was. You know,

421
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Speaker 1: but when it comes to liquids in space, I mean

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Speaker 1: that's pretty much how a lot of it works. It's

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Speaker 1: just stuff in bags. City. Yeah, everything looks like a

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Speaker 1: catheter in space. Um, so this was the technology, and

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Speaker 1: really this technology remained the same until very recently instant

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Speaker 1: coffee in a bag. And it wasn't actually until hawai

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Speaker 1: In born astronaut Ellison on Azuka, the first Asian American astronaut,

428
00:23:05,520 --> 00:23:09,440
Speaker 1: he actually requested ConA coffee. He said, Hey, um, let's

429
00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,720
Speaker 1: spice it up a little bit. Let's let's you know,

430
00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:14,360
Speaker 1: we have some great coffee in my home state. Let's

431
00:23:14,359 --> 00:23:17,240
Speaker 1: see about getting some of that into orbit. And NASA said, oh, yeah,

432
00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:19,560
Speaker 1: we can try that. And it was apparently a hot commodity.

433
00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:23,760
Speaker 1: I mean literally, I guess for but also figuratively, Uh,

434
00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:26,959
Speaker 1: the ConA coffee would be something that they would they

435
00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:32,080
Speaker 1: would trade with with, say, you know, other astronauts, even cosmonauts. Yeah,

436
00:23:32,119 --> 00:23:34,359
Speaker 1: especially knowing what we know about the way the micro

437
00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:39,280
Speaker 1: gravity environment interacts with say, the fluids in your head.

438
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:41,760
Speaker 1: We've talked before on the show about how you know,

439
00:23:41,840 --> 00:23:44,760
Speaker 1: astronauts often have this problem where they live in a

440
00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:50,119
Speaker 1: taste and scent deprived world because when you are in

441
00:23:50,160 --> 00:23:54,040
Speaker 1: a micro gravity environment, normally, uh, the gravity of the

442
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:55,840
Speaker 1: Earth while you're standing on the Earth would be pulling

443
00:23:55,840 --> 00:23:58,600
Speaker 1: all the fluids in your body towards your feet and

444
00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:01,960
Speaker 1: your heart naturally has to compensate by for that by

445
00:24:02,080 --> 00:24:04,600
Speaker 1: pumping really hard to get stuff up into your head

446
00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:07,960
Speaker 1: and your upper shoulders and everything. But when that gravity

447
00:24:08,040 --> 00:24:10,040
Speaker 1: is not there and you're just floating around, the hearts

448
00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:13,560
Speaker 1: still overcompensating, and so it's just filling your head up

449
00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:16,359
Speaker 1: with fluids and you've got all this congestion and you

450
00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:18,600
Speaker 1: can't you can't smell or taste things very well. And

451
00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:20,720
Speaker 1: this is why so many astronauts, like when we talked

452
00:24:20,760 --> 00:24:24,240
Speaker 1: to Jeff Hoffman on the show, report really enjoying, especially

453
00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:28,000
Speaker 1: the shrimp cocktail, which sounds disgusting. Yeah, you know that

454
00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:30,600
Speaker 1: that shrimp. The shrimp itself is just awful. Yeah, but

455
00:24:30,600 --> 00:24:33,119
Speaker 1: it's not the shrimp. He's excited. It's got horse radish

456
00:24:33,200 --> 00:24:36,879
Speaker 1: in and that intense aroma sort of clears out the nose,

457
00:24:37,040 --> 00:24:39,800
Speaker 1: wakes you up and allows you to taste other things.

458
00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:42,080
Speaker 1: So they would sort of have a shrimp cocktail full

459
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:44,639
Speaker 1: of horse radish as an order so they could taste

460
00:24:44,640 --> 00:24:48,359
Speaker 1: the rest of their meal. Uh yeah, in anyway, a spicier,

461
00:24:48,480 --> 00:24:50,680
Speaker 1: more fragrant kind of coffee. I can see that maybe

462
00:24:50,680 --> 00:24:53,119
Speaker 1: doing a similar sort of thing. Yeah, yeah, I think so.

463
00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:56,359
Speaker 1: Um and I've also seen it pointed out that the

464
00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:59,960
Speaker 1: astronauts tend to they'll crave spicier and more flavorful with

465
00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:02,719
Speaker 1: things in orbit then they would normally crave on Earth. Right,

466
00:25:02,760 --> 00:25:04,919
Speaker 1: it's an extra special reason why you don't want to

467
00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:07,440
Speaker 1: just be stuck with freeze dride folders or whatever they've

468
00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:10,320
Speaker 1: got right now, We've we've touched on a number of

469
00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,640
Speaker 1: other fluid dynamics and microgravity issues on the show before.

470
00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:16,320
Speaker 1: We talked about how tears pool and an astronauts I

471
00:25:16,480 --> 00:25:19,719
Speaker 1: socket if they're they're crying or just generally leaking from

472
00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,200
Speaker 1: the ice socket um the sinus has refused to drain.

473
00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:27,040
Speaker 1: One of my favorite is the fact that the bladder

474
00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:30,359
Speaker 1: fills up, but but not from the bottom to the top,

475
00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:32,919
Speaker 1: as it doesn't a gravity bound body, but instead from

476
00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:36,480
Speaker 1: all sides. So it's it's not until it's completely full

477
00:25:36,600 --> 00:25:38,639
Speaker 1: that you said that you realize you need a urinate.

478
00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:41,959
Speaker 1: That's a weird image. Blood flow is also an issue,

479
00:25:42,080 --> 00:25:44,399
Speaker 1: and this was This was actually explored in the third

480
00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:49,080
Speaker 1: season of The Expanse, the science fiction television series that

481
00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:51,840
Speaker 1: I've talked about here on the show before, including earlier

482
00:25:51,880 --> 00:25:54,240
Speaker 1: when I referenced their coffee maker where that. But there's

483
00:25:54,280 --> 00:25:56,679
Speaker 1: a scene where you have all these individuals that have

484
00:25:56,760 --> 00:26:01,240
Speaker 1: sustained internal injuries, and it's the everyone realizes that they're

485
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:04,879
Speaker 1: just doomed because they don't have a chance to heal

486
00:26:05,480 --> 00:26:08,960
Speaker 1: um unless they have some sort of artificial gravity, be

487
00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:12,159
Speaker 1: at propulsion based or some other form, or just return

488
00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:15,359
Speaker 1: to some sort of gravitational environment. Now, why would that be,

489
00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:17,480
Speaker 1: why would it affect healing? Well? I looked at a

490
00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:19,879
Speaker 1: I looked this up in a paper. There's a paper

491
00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:23,560
Speaker 1: from two thousand nine titled severe Traumatic Injury during long

492
00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:26,439
Speaker 1: duration space flight light years beyond a t l S.

493
00:26:27,200 --> 00:26:29,639
Speaker 1: So here's a quick quote from that article. After a

494
00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:33,600
Speaker 1: prolonged exposure to weightlessness, the injured astronaut will be at

495
00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:38,480
Speaker 1: a physiologic disadvantage compared to patients on Earth. Changes likely

496
00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:42,320
Speaker 1: to impair their ability to withstand injury include reductions in

497
00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:48,919
Speaker 1: circulating blood volume, reduced red cell mass, cardiac atrophy, this rhythmias,

498
00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:55,320
Speaker 1: reduced cardiac output, alterations in vascular tone and nero endocrime function,

499
00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:59,320
Speaker 1: loss of the projective bony mass, and possible immune suppression.

500
00:26:59,359 --> 00:27:02,200
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, we read about that before too, Immune system

501
00:27:02,240 --> 00:27:05,480
Speaker 1: and space. Yeah, so it's I mean again, you can't

502
00:27:05,480 --> 00:27:08,479
Speaker 1: help but think of that espress a machine now, no

503
00:27:08,480 --> 00:27:13,080
Speaker 1: matter how well it's designed, it's just useless in microgravity.

504
00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:17,679
Speaker 1: It's really a testament to uh, you know, to to

505
00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:22,600
Speaker 1: biological evolution, just how well uh life can do in

506
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:26,240
Speaker 1: a microgravity environment, you know. I mean that we're not, say,

507
00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:29,399
Speaker 1: like the mythical Japanese kappa with a little bowl of

508
00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:31,960
Speaker 1: water on its head, that would just float free and

509
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:34,439
Speaker 1: they lose their life essence in orbit. But all of

510
00:27:34,440 --> 00:27:37,440
Speaker 1: our earthly coffee machines are more like the cop That's true.

511
00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:39,840
Speaker 1: They have the the the engineering prowess of a yokai.

512
00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:42,600
Speaker 1: It's true. But wait a minute. We were talking about

513
00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:45,359
Speaker 1: drinking coffee in space. Oh yeah, yeah, and having to

514
00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:48,879
Speaker 1: go urinate in space. Uh you know, going back to

515
00:27:48,920 --> 00:27:51,439
Speaker 1: that urinary example about the bladder filling up from all sides.

516
00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:55,920
Speaker 1: The fluid dynamics that we described there also impact such

517
00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,800
Speaker 1: matters as fuel tanks. So again, in microgravity, without gravity

518
00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:02,560
Speaker 1: to force liquids to the bottom, they clean to surfaces.

519
00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:07,919
Speaker 1: So our spaceship designs depend on veins, sponges, screens, and

520
00:28:08,040 --> 00:28:12,760
Speaker 1: channels to guide liquids on the in the inside of

521
00:28:12,840 --> 00:28:15,919
Speaker 1: tanks all right, say, guiding them to a spigot or

522
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:18,600
Speaker 1: to an engine in the case of fuel. Uh. Now

523
00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:21,880
Speaker 1: we've also experimented with the use of liquid repellent coatings

524
00:28:21,880 --> 00:28:25,080
Speaker 1: inside fuel tanks as well to avoid cleaning and uh

525
00:28:25,119 --> 00:28:28,000
Speaker 1: and the boil off that can occur in the tanks.

526
00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:30,600
Speaker 1: And this is research is very much still ongoing. There

527
00:28:30,680 --> 00:28:33,359
Speaker 1: was one study that came out just last year on

528
00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:36,480
Speaker 1: the matter. Now, fortunately the astronauts do not need to

529
00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:39,640
Speaker 1: drink from the fuel reserves, no, they just they drink

530
00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:42,000
Speaker 1: out of a straw or just sort of squeezing out

531
00:28:42,000 --> 00:28:44,320
Speaker 1: of the bag. As you might imagine, everything is essentially

532
00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:46,880
Speaker 1: a capri son, I guess in orbit. As I said

533
00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:49,560
Speaker 1: earlier about your green tea pills, no offense, but that

534
00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:53,040
Speaker 1: is a sick perversion of nature. You can't drink coffee

535
00:28:53,040 --> 00:28:57,000
Speaker 1: with a straw, not hot coffee. Indeed, drinking hot coffee

536
00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:59,080
Speaker 1: with a straw, that's just asking for trouble. Well, I

537
00:28:59,080 --> 00:29:02,800
Speaker 1: mean it's it's actually part of the ritual. Again, if

538
00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:08,000
Speaker 1: if the importance the psychological importance of calming rituals like

539
00:29:08,120 --> 00:29:10,920
Speaker 1: making and drinking a cup of coffee, it depends on

540
00:29:11,040 --> 00:29:15,640
Speaker 1: minute repetitions of movements. The sipping is an important part

541
00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:18,320
Speaker 1: of the ritual. Right, yeah, you've only you've essentially only

542
00:29:18,360 --> 00:29:23,040
Speaker 1: met me halfway. I'm still laugh with this ridiculous consumption method.

543
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:25,560
Speaker 1: It does not resemble my rituals at home. But boy,

544
00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:29,640
Speaker 1: how'd he's sipping in space? Ain't easy? Is there a way, Joe?

545
00:29:30,080 --> 00:29:31,880
Speaker 1: Do we have a way? Now? There is a way.

546
00:29:32,400 --> 00:29:34,520
Speaker 1: So my source on this is a two thousand eleven

547
00:29:34,560 --> 00:29:38,160
Speaker 1: piece in NASA Tech Briefs which details the development of

548
00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:41,360
Speaker 1: what was then known as the zero G cup. And

549
00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:43,640
Speaker 1: this cup was the work of Donald ar Pettit of

550
00:29:43,680 --> 00:29:47,280
Speaker 1: the Johnson Space Center, Mark Wise, a Logal of Portland

551
00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:51,640
Speaker 1: State University, and independent consultants Paul Concas and Robert Finn. So,

552
00:29:51,960 --> 00:29:55,000
Speaker 1: given the physics involved, if you're in, say, the International

553
00:29:55,000 --> 00:30:00,800
Speaker 1: Space Station, how would you drink from a cup? The

554
00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:03,120
Speaker 1: odd thing about trying to drink from a cup in

555
00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:06,280
Speaker 1: space is that the main problems are not even necessarily

556
00:30:06,280 --> 00:30:10,440
Speaker 1: the problems you're thinking about right now, because you would think, probably, okay,

557
00:30:10,480 --> 00:30:13,680
Speaker 1: if there's no gravity holding the drink in the cup,

558
00:30:14,000 --> 00:30:16,720
Speaker 1: it'll just float up out of the cup into the air. Right.

559
00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:20,720
Speaker 1: It's not that this couldn't happen. Uh, it certainly could

560
00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:23,200
Speaker 1: given the right kind of forces. But generally in space,

561
00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:28,000
Speaker 1: fluids like to stick to surfaces. If you've never watched, say,

562
00:30:28,440 --> 00:30:32,440
Speaker 1: videos of astronauts playing with water in space, this is

563
00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:34,520
Speaker 1: one of the things you'll first observe is that the

564
00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:38,360
Speaker 1: water tends to not go off on its own unless

565
00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,520
Speaker 1: you kind of like force it to by like flinging it. Otherwise,

566
00:30:41,560 --> 00:30:43,440
Speaker 1: say you take a wet towel and you try to

567
00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:45,760
Speaker 1: wring it out in space, what you'll see is that

568
00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:49,680
Speaker 1: the water gathers around the outside of the towel, like

569
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:53,800
Speaker 1: this undulating liquid worm around the towel and uh. And

570
00:30:53,840 --> 00:30:56,480
Speaker 1: that's generally how things go. The liquids want to cling

571
00:30:56,560 --> 00:31:00,880
Speaker 1: to surfaces. And this is because surface tension and appillary action,

572
00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:04,800
Speaker 1: rather than gravity, dictate how liquid behaves in a container

573
00:31:04,920 --> 00:31:06,920
Speaker 1: or on a surface. And so if you had a

574
00:31:06,920 --> 00:31:10,200
Speaker 1: regular cup of coffee in space, imagine a mug it's

575
00:31:10,200 --> 00:31:12,600
Speaker 1: got coffee in it, you would probably have a hard

576
00:31:12,640 --> 00:31:15,360
Speaker 1: time sipping it because what do we do in order

577
00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:19,360
Speaker 1: to sip coffee from a cup. We tilt the angle

578
00:31:19,400 --> 00:31:22,360
Speaker 1: of the cup. We tipped the cup and lower the lip,

579
00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:26,680
Speaker 1: relying on gravity to keep the liquid level the same

580
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:29,800
Speaker 1: and eventually drive the liquid over the edge of the

581
00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:32,520
Speaker 1: cup as the angle of the cup's lip goes down.

582
00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:35,320
Speaker 1: But the coffee won't do that in space because you

583
00:31:35,320 --> 00:31:38,240
Speaker 1: could turn the cup completely upside down and the liquid

584
00:31:38,280 --> 00:31:40,880
Speaker 1: would probably stay in it trying to cling to the

585
00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:44,120
Speaker 1: walls of the container. So in this environment, sipping is

586
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,160
Speaker 1: dang near impossible. You have a few other options. If

587
00:31:47,160 --> 00:31:49,000
Speaker 1: you've got coffee in a cup, you could suck it

588
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,200
Speaker 1: out with a straw, or I guess you could just

589
00:31:51,760 --> 00:31:54,640
Speaker 1: Another suction option would be you could clamp your mouth

590
00:31:54,720 --> 00:31:57,440
Speaker 1: over the top of the coffee cup and create a

591
00:31:57,520 --> 00:32:00,280
Speaker 1: seal and try to suck the coffee out that way.

592
00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:02,360
Speaker 1: I think that would work, but that's not really what

593
00:32:02,400 --> 00:32:04,560
Speaker 1: people want to do, what they're calling that's the very

594
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:10,040
Speaker 1: inhuman scene to try and imagine. You could try to

595
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:12,680
Speaker 1: use momentum to get it out of the cup, basically

596
00:32:12,880 --> 00:32:15,320
Speaker 1: throwing the coffee out of the cup at your mouth.

597
00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,200
Speaker 1: That's not a good option either, So if you don't

598
00:32:18,200 --> 00:32:19,840
Speaker 1: want to burn your face or do any kind of

599
00:32:19,880 --> 00:32:23,320
Speaker 1: cone head like mouth movement. Oh my god, I just realized,

600
00:32:23,360 --> 00:32:25,440
Speaker 1: like that's another huge thing. If you had a piping

601
00:32:25,680 --> 00:32:29,080
Speaker 1: hot cup of coffee. It's just gonna and it gets

602
00:32:29,080 --> 00:32:31,120
Speaker 1: on you. It's gonna cling to you, cling to I

603
00:32:31,240 --> 00:32:33,000
Speaker 1: just wanted to fall off. Yeah, I mean, this is

604
00:32:33,040 --> 00:32:35,520
Speaker 1: one of the reasons that some of the worst things

605
00:32:35,560 --> 00:32:38,360
Speaker 1: to be scalded by are are what they're they're viscous,

606
00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:41,360
Speaker 1: or there's something like a noodle because it it doesn't

607
00:32:41,400 --> 00:32:45,520
Speaker 1: just splash you and run, it splashes and cling exactly. So, yeah,

608
00:32:45,560 --> 00:32:49,080
Speaker 1: you don't want piping hot coffee getting out of control

609
00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:53,400
Speaker 1: out into the environment. So these are not great options.

610
00:32:53,640 --> 00:32:56,840
Speaker 1: So the solution that these engineers came up with is

611
00:32:56,880 --> 00:33:00,560
Speaker 1: to design the interior surface of the cup up to

612
00:33:00,640 --> 00:33:03,680
Speaker 1: take advantage of the way fluids behave in microgravity and

613
00:33:03,760 --> 00:33:06,880
Speaker 1: zero G environments. And so the zero G cup uses

614
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:10,520
Speaker 1: sloping sides that encourage the coffee in the cup to

615
00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:14,000
Speaker 1: gather toward the lip of the cup through capillary action,

616
00:33:14,640 --> 00:33:18,160
Speaker 1: because the shape of the cup is basically always causing

617
00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:21,120
Speaker 1: any liquid in it to want to gather right near

618
00:33:21,160 --> 00:33:23,920
Speaker 1: the lip of the cup. And then the astronauts can

619
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:26,160
Speaker 1: essentially put their mouth at the lip of the cup

620
00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:29,240
Speaker 1: and kind of suck the liquid so that they can

621
00:33:29,320 --> 00:33:32,720
Speaker 1: drink with a more or less normal sipping behavior. Nice,

622
00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:35,320
Speaker 1: So they kind of designed the inside of the coffee

623
00:33:35,320 --> 00:33:38,120
Speaker 1: cup like it with the inside of a fuel tank. Yes,

624
00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:40,959
Speaker 1: and so it's not always possible to get every single

625
00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:43,560
Speaker 1: drop of liquid out of the cup. But of course,

626
00:33:43,600 --> 00:33:46,280
Speaker 1: as we know from our earthly coffee cups, once the

627
00:33:46,280 --> 00:33:48,840
Speaker 1: water or the liquid level gets down to the very bottom,

628
00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:50,720
Speaker 1: there's usually a few drops left in there you can't

629
00:33:50,760 --> 00:33:53,840
Speaker 1: get out even with the help of gravity. Now, one

630
00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:56,800
Speaker 1: thing they pointed out about it is that so if

631
00:33:56,840 --> 00:34:00,520
Speaker 1: like a tiny drop of coffee gets stuck in there

632
00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:05,040
Speaker 1: and it dries there, the residue can upset how the

633
00:34:05,120 --> 00:34:08,000
Speaker 1: sides of the cup make the coffee behave. So essentially,

634
00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:11,319
Speaker 1: if it doesn't get cleaned out right, it'll stop working right.

635
00:34:12,239 --> 00:34:13,799
Speaker 1: So so that's one thing is you've got to make

636
00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:17,480
Speaker 1: sure it gets cleaned. But yeah, so it's rather different

637
00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:20,279
Speaker 1: than your typical office environment, where some coffee cups will

638
00:34:20,280 --> 00:34:23,120
Speaker 1: be sort of a science ongoing science experiment. Have you

639
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:26,280
Speaker 1: ever been the passive aggressive person who washed somebody else's

640
00:34:26,280 --> 00:34:29,480
Speaker 1: coffee mug? I don't think I've I've gotten that far.

641
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:32,400
Speaker 1: I sometimes I have been known to tidy desks a

642
00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:35,200
Speaker 1: little bit if it's like obvious that they're say multiple

643
00:34:35,320 --> 00:34:39,520
Speaker 1: empty diet coke can or something like that's a little much,

644
00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:42,720
Speaker 1: or like an obviously right riding fruit. But but then again,

645
00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:45,279
Speaker 1: I'm I'm sometimes hesitant because I'm like, I don't know,

646
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:48,120
Speaker 1: is this a neglected orange or is this really a

647
00:34:48,160 --> 00:34:52,080
Speaker 1: science experiment? Because the house stuff works offices are exactly

648
00:34:52,080 --> 00:34:54,640
Speaker 1: the places where something like that sort of place where

649
00:34:54,719 --> 00:34:56,560
Speaker 1: that kind of thing could be happening. Well, maybe we

650
00:34:56,560 --> 00:34:58,480
Speaker 1: should take a break and when we come back, we

651
00:34:58,520 --> 00:35:03,520
Speaker 1: will discuss the ultimate coffee space solution, the I S espresso.

652
00:35:04,160 --> 00:35:09,480
Speaker 1: Thank alright, we're back. It is it's the twenty one century. Uh,

653
00:35:10,320 --> 00:35:12,919
Speaker 1: bring bring me technology. Yeah, we we have humans in space.

654
00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:15,400
Speaker 1: We don't have any we we haven't been back to

655
00:35:15,400 --> 00:35:19,680
Speaker 1: the moon. We haven't sent people to Mars or Venus

656
00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:23,680
Speaker 1: as far as you know. Well I know, I'm gonna

657
00:35:23,719 --> 00:35:25,960
Speaker 1: go ahead and say I know for certain that hasn't happened.

658
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:29,640
Speaker 1: But we have come up with ingenious solutions for putting

659
00:35:29,640 --> 00:35:33,000
Speaker 1: hot coffee in people's faces without burning them or making

660
00:35:33,040 --> 00:35:34,919
Speaker 1: them clamp their mouth over the top of the cup

661
00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:36,880
Speaker 1: like a cone head. Right, and it is it, It

662
00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:39,759
Speaker 1: truly is joking aside. It is a testament to human

663
00:35:39,800 --> 00:35:43,759
Speaker 1: engineering that we actually have an espresso machine that functions

664
00:35:43,760 --> 00:35:46,399
Speaker 1: in orbit and is functioning in orbit right now. It's

665
00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:48,960
Speaker 1: pretty awesome. Yeah, it's called the they call it the

666
00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:52,759
Speaker 1: I S S Presso, So it's the spress. I'm not

667
00:35:52,760 --> 00:35:55,560
Speaker 1: sure exactly how we should we should we should pronounce

668
00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:57,600
Speaker 1: it on the show here I S S Presso I

669
00:35:57,760 --> 00:36:01,719
Speaker 1: S S Presso because then it ends with the S espresso. Yeah,

670
00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:05,160
Speaker 1: it's I think it's overthinking it here. It definitely works better,

671
00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:08,280
Speaker 1: um reading it in your head versus speaking it aloud.

672
00:36:09,040 --> 00:36:11,640
Speaker 1: But but yeah, this is so, this is the device.

673
00:36:11,880 --> 00:36:15,279
Speaker 1: Some of the key design challenges here, of course, as

674
00:36:15,320 --> 00:36:18,520
Speaker 1: we've discussed, come down to water containment and sanitation. You

675
00:36:18,560 --> 00:36:21,319
Speaker 1: want to keep the heated water contained. You can't just

676
00:36:21,320 --> 00:36:24,440
Speaker 1: be leaking out all over the place. Uh and uh

677
00:36:24,560 --> 00:36:25,799
Speaker 1: and it and it has to do its thing with

678
00:36:25,840 --> 00:36:28,319
Speaker 1: the with the grounds the grounds as well. You wanted

679
00:36:28,360 --> 00:36:30,880
Speaker 1: to absorb the exact you know, correct amount of oil

680
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:33,239
Speaker 1: as it passes through at the correct temperature. Also, you're

681
00:36:33,239 --> 00:36:36,520
Speaker 1: gonna have a big problem if your machine is difficult

682
00:36:36,560 --> 00:36:40,760
Speaker 1: to clean. Yes, yeah, it basically has to be self

683
00:36:40,760 --> 00:36:44,520
Speaker 1: cleaning or just a very clean process to begin with.

684
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:47,000
Speaker 1: You can't again, there's no kitchen sink that you can

685
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:49,360
Speaker 1: take the thing apart in at the end of the day.

686
00:36:49,440 --> 00:36:52,440
Speaker 1: There has to be a better way, yes and uh

687
00:36:52,480 --> 00:36:56,040
Speaker 1: and there is. So it's detailed in the in the

688
00:36:56,120 --> 00:37:00,000
Speaker 1: ride up I S. S Presso Development and Operations by

689
00:37:00,080 --> 00:37:04,239
Speaker 1: Valerio Datana and Joshua Hall, published in the Journal of

690
00:37:04,320 --> 00:37:09,719
Speaker 1: Space Safety. Engineering and Italian designers at the engineering firm

691
00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:14,280
Speaker 1: Argotech worked with the Lavazza Coffee Company and the Italian

692
00:37:14,320 --> 00:37:17,279
Speaker 1: Space Agency and they set out to conquer all of

693
00:37:17,320 --> 00:37:21,000
Speaker 1: these challenges and bring a new kind of coffee into

694
00:37:21,080 --> 00:37:24,040
Speaker 1: orbit to to create what we've come to know as

695
00:37:24,080 --> 00:37:25,920
Speaker 1: the I S S Presso. Well, I hate to just

696
00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:29,120
Speaker 1: openly celebrate cultural stereotypes, but I'm glad it was the

697
00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:32,040
Speaker 1: Italians who made it happen. Yeah, it feels right, doesn't

698
00:37:32,080 --> 00:37:34,040
Speaker 1: And I think they realized it too. They said, look,

699
00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:37,760
Speaker 1: somebody's got a step up and make coffee work in microgravity,

700
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:42,360
Speaker 1: and it should be the Italians. So the finished result

701
00:37:42,600 --> 00:37:47,399
Speaker 1: is in many ways a kind of super carrat cut machine. Um,

702
00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:49,839
Speaker 1: it looks kind of like a three D printer as well. Um.

703
00:37:49,960 --> 00:37:52,319
Speaker 1: Nice if you look at the images of it. So

704
00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:55,200
Speaker 1: here's what the device does. Pretty straightforward, except you know,

705
00:37:55,320 --> 00:37:58,160
Speaker 1: highly engineered. You add the water, it heats it up,

706
00:37:58,200 --> 00:38:01,120
Speaker 1: It shoots it through a prepackaged cat stool and into

707
00:38:01,120 --> 00:38:04,480
Speaker 1: a pouch which then is either consumed from a straw

708
00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:08,200
Speaker 1: that was the original design or U now is actually

709
00:38:08,440 --> 00:38:11,239
Speaker 1: added to our special zero G cup. Well that sounds nice,

710
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:13,600
Speaker 1: but that also makes it sound very simple. I suspect

711
00:38:13,680 --> 00:38:16,719
Speaker 1: your skipping a little bit of detail. Yes, so, yeah,

712
00:38:16,719 --> 00:38:19,560
Speaker 1: there are a number of details here. It's more complicated

713
00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:21,680
Speaker 1: than it sounds. For starters, you still have to hit

714
00:38:21,719 --> 00:38:24,360
Speaker 1: some key temperatures to make a proper cup of coffee.

715
00:38:24,480 --> 00:38:27,319
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, so it needs to hit the water needs

716
00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:30,040
Speaker 1: to hit the grounds at two and eight degrees fahrenhyd

717
00:38:30,120 --> 00:38:33,279
Speaker 1: or ninety degrees cytegrade, and it needs to leave the

718
00:38:33,320 --> 00:38:35,840
Speaker 1: brewing unit and a hundred and sixty seven degrees fahrenheyd

719
00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:38,760
Speaker 1: or seventy five degrees cyntegrade. This is a home coffee

720
00:38:38,760 --> 00:38:42,200
Speaker 1: making tip. If your home coffee machine makes bad coffee,

721
00:38:42,440 --> 00:38:44,880
Speaker 1: it's very likely that the reason for this is that

722
00:38:45,000 --> 00:38:47,439
Speaker 1: the water that's hitting the grounds is not hot enough.

723
00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:49,759
Speaker 1: One easy way to find out if this is the case,

724
00:38:49,880 --> 00:38:52,160
Speaker 1: is to just see how your your coffee that you

725
00:38:52,239 --> 00:38:55,360
Speaker 1: normally use tastes. If you just add your own boiling

726
00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:57,839
Speaker 1: water in like a free filter and pour it over

727
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:01,319
Speaker 1: sometimes makes a huge different. Yeah, I mean, and that's

728
00:39:01,320 --> 00:39:03,480
Speaker 1: one of the reasons, one of the many reasons I've

729
00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:07,520
Speaker 1: only use AeroPress and French press these days, Like I

730
00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:11,000
Speaker 1: just heat the water it myself. There's no question about

731
00:39:11,080 --> 00:39:13,279
Speaker 1: how hot the water is. Now. One of the things

732
00:39:13,320 --> 00:39:17,000
Speaker 1: about hot water in space though in microgravity, steam bubbles

733
00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:20,800
Speaker 1: don't evenly distribute. The bubbles can form together and create

734
00:39:20,920 --> 00:39:24,520
Speaker 1: pockets of hot air that can potentially damage the machine,

735
00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:27,239
Speaker 1: in the machine and the users. And that's why the

736
00:39:27,280 --> 00:39:30,360
Speaker 1: I S. S machine here uses steel tubes instead of

737
00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:34,560
Speaker 1: rubber tubes that can resist pressures greater than four hundred bars.

738
00:39:34,920 --> 00:39:37,120
Speaker 1: I'm just now thinking for the first time, wouldn't it

739
00:39:37,160 --> 00:39:39,480
Speaker 1: be a horrible story if there was like a fatal

740
00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:43,520
Speaker 1: disaster on a spacecraft and the cause of it was

741
00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:46,000
Speaker 1: the coffee machine. It would I mean, But it's it's

742
00:39:46,040 --> 00:39:50,279
Speaker 1: the kind of thing that is possible given given the

743
00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:52,879
Speaker 1: constraints of the environment. I mean, there's it's a reason

744
00:39:52,960 --> 00:39:54,799
Speaker 1: that there are so many. The reason there are so

745
00:39:54,800 --> 00:39:58,440
Speaker 1: many additional safety requirements for anything that goes up, any device,

746
00:39:58,560 --> 00:40:00,960
Speaker 1: especially goes up on the I S S. So everything

747
00:40:01,040 --> 00:40:05,680
Speaker 1: from sharp edges to the touch temperature, etcetera. Um, so

748
00:40:05,719 --> 00:40:08,160
Speaker 1: they not only had to design in a sense, the

749
00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:12,200
Speaker 1: perfect coffee maker here the perfect espresso machine, but also

750
00:40:12,239 --> 00:40:14,719
Speaker 1: one that just managed to hit some of the pickiest

751
00:40:14,880 --> 00:40:20,160
Speaker 1: safety uh uh demands humanly possible. So how big is

752
00:40:20,200 --> 00:40:25,480
Speaker 1: this hog? It is a four pound machine. Uh. And

753
00:40:25,520 --> 00:40:28,000
Speaker 1: I didn't I didn't do the breakdown. I mean we've

754
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:31,680
Speaker 1: we've done the breakdown on on the on how much

755
00:40:31,760 --> 00:40:35,239
Speaker 1: money it really takes to send you know, orbital payload costs. Yeah,

756
00:40:35,280 --> 00:40:37,440
Speaker 1: a little paylo. I didn't do that breakdown on this

757
00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:40,720
Speaker 1: particular machine because ultimately, who can put a price tag

758
00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:44,479
Speaker 1: on a proper espresso in orbit? That is, we should

759
00:40:44,520 --> 00:40:46,920
Speaker 1: say it is not cheap. Not each pound do you

760
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:51,120
Speaker 1: take into orbit, even lowerth orbit is expensive. Yeah. So

761
00:40:51,480 --> 00:40:55,799
Speaker 1: it was a sent up on a thanks to SpaceX,

762
00:40:56,040 --> 00:40:58,960
Speaker 1: and it is as of this recording, still in operation.

763
00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:01,520
Speaker 1: It produced is it has a few different options, So

764
00:41:01,560 --> 00:41:05,080
Speaker 1: you can produce a short black, a long black. You

765
00:41:05,440 --> 00:41:07,560
Speaker 1: can make tea with it, which is good because not

766
00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:09,759
Speaker 1: everybody that goes up on the I S S especially

767
00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:12,840
Speaker 1: is is going to be a coffee drinker. Tea is

768
00:41:12,920 --> 00:41:16,319
Speaker 1: more popular with other cultures. Totally true. Yeah, and then

769
00:41:16,360 --> 00:41:18,319
Speaker 1: also you can use it to make broth, so it

770
00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:21,399
Speaker 1: can be used to rehydrate food. And I think this

771
00:41:21,480 --> 00:41:24,000
Speaker 1: is this is this really, you know, I think makes

772
00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:26,160
Speaker 1: a light bulb come on in many people's head when

773
00:41:26,160 --> 00:41:28,920
Speaker 1: you realize, oh, it's not just a coffee and teamaker.

774
00:41:29,360 --> 00:41:33,240
Speaker 1: It is uh, it is a multi purpose kitchen implement

775
00:41:33,239 --> 00:41:35,440
Speaker 1: as well. It's how you make your shrimp stock and

776
00:41:35,520 --> 00:41:38,759
Speaker 1: court bouyond on the I S S. Yeah. So here's

777
00:41:38,760 --> 00:41:42,080
Speaker 1: a quote from the paper I referenced from Daytona and

778
00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:45,160
Speaker 1: Hall quote. One of the big challenges undertaken by the

779
00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,000
Speaker 1: engineering team was to design the I S S Presso

780
00:41:48,080 --> 00:41:50,640
Speaker 1: as an I S S system and not only as

781
00:41:50,680 --> 00:41:54,200
Speaker 1: a payload and extending the I S S Presso functionalities

782
00:41:54,200 --> 00:41:57,560
Speaker 1: and capabilities. It does make espresso, which can provide a

783
00:41:57,560 --> 00:42:00,919
Speaker 1: psychological benefit to the crew that is away from home

784
00:42:01,000 --> 00:42:03,200
Speaker 1: from months at a time, but it also has the

785
00:42:03,239 --> 00:42:06,320
Speaker 1: ability to expand or modify the crew menu. The I

786
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:09,279
Speaker 1: S S Presso can make tease as well as consumme a.

787
00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:13,279
Speaker 1: These additional options provide flexibility to the crew menu that

788
00:42:13,440 --> 00:42:16,520
Speaker 1: is not currently available. Again, this was as of the writing,

789
00:42:16,560 --> 00:42:19,439
Speaker 1: it had not yet gone up. For example, a dish

790
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:21,759
Speaker 1: of rice may have a variety of broth added to

791
00:42:21,800 --> 00:42:25,200
Speaker 1: it for different tastes. And they also point out what

792
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:28,719
Speaker 1: we mentioned already that astronaut tastes often change uh in

793
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,839
Speaker 1: in in microgravity due to fluid build up in the head,

794
00:42:32,160 --> 00:42:34,720
Speaker 1: so they may prefer more spice, more flavor in orbit.

795
00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:38,239
Speaker 1: So the so the options with this machine give them

796
00:42:38,239 --> 00:42:41,480
Speaker 1: that flexibility. Oh that is important because so let's say

797
00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:45,040
Speaker 1: you have astronauts taste testing food before they go into

798
00:42:45,120 --> 00:42:47,480
Speaker 1: orbit to try to say, Okay, what am I gonna

799
00:42:47,520 --> 00:42:49,840
Speaker 1: like once I get up there? But you, the way

800
00:42:49,880 --> 00:42:51,919
Speaker 1: food tastes to you on Earth is not the same

801
00:42:52,200 --> 00:42:54,359
Speaker 1: way that it's going to taste to you once you're up. Yeah,

802
00:42:54,880 --> 00:42:56,720
Speaker 1: so you're gonna want to have options, and this machine

803
00:42:56,760 --> 00:42:58,680
Speaker 1: provides them. No, I want to be clear about something

804
00:42:58,719 --> 00:43:00,680
Speaker 1: I said a minute ago. I was making jokes about

805
00:43:00,680 --> 00:43:03,760
Speaker 1: the the costs of putting the coffee machine in space.

806
00:43:03,960 --> 00:43:06,120
Speaker 1: But I think stuff like this matters. I am a

807
00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:09,759
Speaker 1: pro space exploration person, even considering the costs, because in

808
00:43:09,800 --> 00:43:12,440
Speaker 1: many ways you could argue that at least as a contingency,

809
00:43:12,600 --> 00:43:16,680
Speaker 1: space exploration is the future of humankind potentially for from

810
00:43:16,680 --> 00:43:20,359
Speaker 1: a colonization standpoint, but at the very least from say

811
00:43:20,520 --> 00:43:25,319
Speaker 1: a an exploration research and planetary protection standpoint. Yeah. And

812
00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:28,920
Speaker 1: and certainly, the engineering problems involved in making espresso, as

813
00:43:28,960 --> 00:43:31,840
Speaker 1: we've we've laid out, are not confined just to coffee making.

814
00:43:32,360 --> 00:43:36,200
Speaker 1: Uh that they they they they impact everything from from

815
00:43:36,280 --> 00:43:39,960
Speaker 1: fuel systems to human biology. So uh so it's not

816
00:43:41,040 --> 00:43:43,960
Speaker 1: everything's interconnected when you're talking about the I S S

817
00:43:44,120 --> 00:43:46,640
Speaker 1: or or any kind of a prolonged space mission. So

818
00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:49,400
Speaker 1: speaking of the future, Robert, tell me about the future

819
00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:53,719
Speaker 1: of coffee and space, Well, my read on all of

820
00:43:53,760 --> 00:43:56,680
Speaker 1: this is that this is the machine or the for

821
00:43:56,760 --> 00:44:00,880
Speaker 1: the conceivable future. Um. I think we're gonna you may

822
00:44:00,920 --> 00:44:03,359
Speaker 1: see different versions of it, but I think this is

823
00:44:03,400 --> 00:44:05,799
Speaker 1: the one that's going to stick for a while. I mean,

824
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,120
Speaker 1: because it's it's it's been engineered to do the thing

825
00:44:09,160 --> 00:44:11,680
Speaker 1: we wanted to do. Plus it also can reconstitute food.

826
00:44:12,120 --> 00:44:15,400
Speaker 1: I don't think you're gonna see the technology evolved beyond this, really,

827
00:44:15,440 --> 00:44:17,480
Speaker 1: you know. I mean, like this is this is kind

828
00:44:17,480 --> 00:44:20,239
Speaker 1: of the perfect coffee maker. Well wait a minute, what

829
00:44:20,320 --> 00:44:24,040
Speaker 1: about artificial gravity? Okay, well that that would change everything

830
00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:26,279
Speaker 1: if because you're gonna have people they're like, all right,

831
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:28,960
Speaker 1: I've been I've been on this uh, this lengthy space mission.

832
00:44:29,520 --> 00:44:31,040
Speaker 1: I love the I S S press so, but I

833
00:44:31,080 --> 00:44:34,080
Speaker 1: really want to proper pour over, which is impossible. To

834
00:44:34,120 --> 00:44:36,520
Speaker 1: do a pour over, you would need some sort of

835
00:44:36,640 --> 00:44:39,560
Speaker 1: artificial gravity. Now, now, we've recorded an episode in the

836
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:43,480
Speaker 1: past where we talked about the two main conceivable methods

837
00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:47,080
Speaker 1: outside of just magic gravity. Uh, the two main methods

838
00:44:47,120 --> 00:44:48,879
Speaker 1: that could be used here, Yeah, the ones that are

839
00:44:48,920 --> 00:44:51,759
Speaker 1: feasible in reality. One of those would be linear acceleration,

840
00:44:51,880 --> 00:44:57,080
Speaker 1: where you've got a spacecraft whatever you're inhabiting, constantly accelerating

841
00:44:57,160 --> 00:44:59,840
Speaker 1: at exactly the right rate to generate a force pulling

842
00:44:59,840 --> 00:45:02,280
Speaker 1: you towards the floor at the same rate as Earth's

843
00:45:02,280 --> 00:45:05,200
Speaker 1: gravity would accelerate you towards the ground on the Earth,

844
00:45:05,200 --> 00:45:07,920
Speaker 1: which is I think nine point eight meters per second squared.

845
00:45:08,080 --> 00:45:10,680
Speaker 1: But that method is only good on the way to

846
00:45:10,840 --> 00:45:13,200
Speaker 1: wherever you're going. So you could have your poor over

847
00:45:13,760 --> 00:45:16,759
Speaker 1: on board this barreling spaceship. But then when you when

848
00:45:16,800 --> 00:45:20,239
Speaker 1: you were reaching your destination, if you need to decelerate

849
00:45:20,360 --> 00:45:22,480
Speaker 1: or something, then it's either go back to the I

850
00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:26,200
Speaker 1: S presso or go back around I guess well the Yeah,

851
00:45:26,200 --> 00:45:29,360
Speaker 1: you could flip the ship around, um like halfway. You

852
00:45:29,440 --> 00:45:33,319
Speaker 1: spend half your trip accelerating half the trip decelerating. But

853
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:35,680
Speaker 1: then what happens when you get to you know, the

854
00:45:35,719 --> 00:45:39,720
Speaker 1: planet that you're orbiting. Oh yeah, yeah, that's tricky. Well anyway,

855
00:45:39,719 --> 00:45:42,360
Speaker 1: the more stable method that people usually talk about is

856
00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:46,800
Speaker 1: uh the centripetal force method, which essentially involves a rotating

857
00:45:46,840 --> 00:45:49,640
Speaker 1: habitat because as you know, like if you take a

858
00:45:49,680 --> 00:45:52,160
Speaker 1: bucket of paint and you spin it around really fast

859
00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:53,759
Speaker 1: in the air, you can hold it sideways and the

860
00:45:53,760 --> 00:45:57,280
Speaker 1: paint doesn't pour out, and that's because of forces driving

861
00:45:57,400 --> 00:46:00,560
Speaker 1: the paint and the bottom of the bucket together there

862
00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:04,239
Speaker 1: because of the spinning the spinning angular momentum. And of course,

863
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:06,600
Speaker 1: the same principle could be employed in a spacecraft or

864
00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:09,359
Speaker 1: a space station. If you have it spinning and it's

865
00:46:09,400 --> 00:46:12,200
Speaker 1: the right size and the right spinning at the right speed,

866
00:46:12,239 --> 00:46:14,880
Speaker 1: it will generate a force pulling you toward the outside

867
00:46:14,960 --> 00:46:17,720
Speaker 1: rim of that spinning wheel or spinning capsule or whatever.

868
00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:21,160
Speaker 1: And you could feasibly stand on it, pour coffee over

869
00:46:21,239 --> 00:46:24,359
Speaker 1: on it, Uh, make a court bouyon. So you could

870
00:46:24,400 --> 00:46:27,440
Speaker 1: have the in theory, you could have a spaceship with

871
00:46:27,880 --> 00:46:33,319
Speaker 1: a rotating taurus that does nothing but enable coffee preparation.

872
00:46:33,480 --> 00:46:35,719
Speaker 1: Like it could just have a Mr. Coffee machine on

873
00:46:35,800 --> 00:46:37,960
Speaker 1: it and that's it. It would be the most expensive

874
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:42,000
Speaker 1: Mr Coffee in the history of humanity. But hey, you know,

875
00:46:42,080 --> 00:46:44,040
Speaker 1: it really matters to have a kitchen with a down,

876
00:46:44,080 --> 00:46:45,920
Speaker 1: as we've said, not just for coffee. I mean there

877
00:46:45,920 --> 00:46:47,920
Speaker 1: are a lot of things that if you are dealing

878
00:46:47,920 --> 00:46:50,960
Speaker 1: with a kitchen, you're going to be dealing with containers

879
00:46:50,960 --> 00:46:53,840
Speaker 1: of liquids and stuff like that. If you can have

880
00:46:53,920 --> 00:46:56,319
Speaker 1: a down, that would be great. Now that of course,

881
00:46:56,400 --> 00:46:58,400
Speaker 1: you could also try and get one of those event

882
00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:01,160
Speaker 1: horizon gravity dry lives. And if you had one of

883
00:47:01,200 --> 00:47:03,440
Speaker 1: those in place, then you could probably brew one hell

884
00:47:03,480 --> 00:47:05,279
Speaker 1: of a cup of coffee where we are going. You

885
00:47:05,320 --> 00:47:09,600
Speaker 1: won't need a mouth to taste. That's good. That's good. Now.

886
00:47:09,680 --> 00:47:10,840
Speaker 1: The one thing you want to avoid, you know, you

887
00:47:10,840 --> 00:47:12,680
Speaker 1: want to get some cream in your coffee, probably because

888
00:47:12,719 --> 00:47:15,720
Speaker 1: you don't want it so black, uh that light cannot

889
00:47:15,840 --> 00:47:18,520
Speaker 1: escape it. It's just gonna be probably it's gonna be

890
00:47:18,520 --> 00:47:22,120
Speaker 1: a problem. That's how we create a black hole exactly.

891
00:47:22,160 --> 00:47:25,680
Speaker 1: Somebody bruised the dankest cup of coffee and history up

892
00:47:25,680 --> 00:47:28,839
Speaker 1: in space, and that's how that's how it all ends,

893
00:47:29,120 --> 00:47:35,840
Speaker 1: brewing for centuries while the crew is in hypher sleeve, Robert,

894
00:47:35,880 --> 00:47:38,440
Speaker 1: this has been fun. This has uh And I think

895
00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:40,839
Speaker 1: I managed to finish my oh almost finished my own

896
00:47:40,880 --> 00:47:43,440
Speaker 1: cup of coffee while we were podcasting here. I've finished

897
00:47:43,520 --> 00:47:46,800
Speaker 1: mine too. Accept a little tepid sip here at the bottom.

898
00:47:46,840 --> 00:47:49,839
Speaker 1: Am I gonna drink it or not? My my sip

899
00:47:49,960 --> 00:47:52,239
Speaker 1: was was a little chili, but it was actually the

900
00:47:52,280 --> 00:47:55,120
Speaker 1: air conditioning in this room has made it cold enough

901
00:47:55,160 --> 00:47:58,080
Speaker 1: that it did feel like like it was like cold

902
00:47:58,080 --> 00:48:01,359
Speaker 1: brew coffee. I'm here contemplated in the riddle of existence.

903
00:48:01,440 --> 00:48:05,600
Speaker 1: Will I swallow it? You should? Yeah? Okay, here we go.

904
00:48:08,719 --> 00:48:12,000
Speaker 1: Yeah one very good. So there you have it, Uh,

905
00:48:12,200 --> 00:48:14,359
Speaker 1: coffee and space a great opportunity to talk a little

906
00:48:14,360 --> 00:48:18,320
Speaker 1: bit about fluid dynamics and microgravity and some wonderful human

907
00:48:18,640 --> 00:48:23,200
Speaker 1: engineering uh feats of achievement. So before we close out here,

908
00:48:23,200 --> 00:48:25,719
Speaker 1: we're just gonna say the usual. If you want more

909
00:48:25,760 --> 00:48:27,920
Speaker 1: stuff to Blow your Mind. Head on over to stuff

910
00:48:27,920 --> 00:48:29,440
Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind dot com. That's where you'll find

911
00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:33,000
Speaker 1: all the episodes, including such episodes as our micro gravity

912
00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:35,880
Speaker 1: episode which we'll get which gets very in depth on

913
00:48:35,960 --> 00:48:39,080
Speaker 1: some of these topics that we h we briefly discussed

914
00:48:39,080 --> 00:48:42,040
Speaker 1: here today. You'll also find links out to every social

915
00:48:42,080 --> 00:48:46,080
Speaker 1: media accounts such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. And as always,

916
00:48:46,080 --> 00:48:47,799
Speaker 1: if you want to support the show, the best thing

917
00:48:47,840 --> 00:48:50,880
Speaker 1: you can do is to find us and rate us

918
00:48:50,920 --> 00:48:53,959
Speaker 1: and review us at wherever you get your podcast. Huge

919
00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:57,240
Speaker 1: thanks as always to our wonderful audio producers Alex Williams

920
00:48:57,239 --> 00:48:59,279
Speaker 1: and Tarry Harrison. If you would like to get in

921
00:48:59,320 --> 00:49:02,239
Speaker 1: touch with us with feedback about this episode or any other, uh,

922
00:49:02,440 --> 00:49:04,440
Speaker 1: let us know your favorite kind of coffee, what what

923
00:49:04,520 --> 00:49:07,239
Speaker 1: brew you would drink in space? Uh, to suggest a

924
00:49:07,320 --> 00:49:09,400
Speaker 1: topic for the future, or just to say hi, let

925
00:49:09,440 --> 00:49:11,239
Speaker 1: us know where you listen from. You can email us

926
00:49:11,239 --> 00:49:23,160
Speaker 1: at blow the Mind at how stuff works dot com

927
00:49:23,160 --> 00:49:25,640
Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Is

928
00:49:25,640 --> 00:49:49,719
Speaker 1: it how stuff works dot com