1 00:00:02,320 --> 00:00:06,479 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, here is an episode from our ten episode 2 00:00:06,519 --> 00:00:10,119 Speaker 1: playlist that we're calling Offbeat History. Yeah, we're adding this 3 00:00:10,240 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: to our our regular publishing schedule as one kind of 4 00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:17,279 Speaker 1: big drop all at the same time on March nineteen, 5 00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:19,599 Speaker 1: and that is so that you have maybe have a 6 00:00:19,600 --> 00:00:23,160 Speaker 1: little bit of extra entertainment options available to you, particularly 7 00:00:23,239 --> 00:00:29,840 Speaker 1: if you are self quarantined or sheltering in place. Welcome 8 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:32,600 Speaker 1: to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production of 9 00:00:32,680 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 1: I Heart Radio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 10 00:00:42,479 --> 00:00:46,120 Speaker 1: Tracy Wilson and I'm Holly Fry. Holly, do you remember 11 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:48,920 Speaker 1: recently on our Facebook page and we had that weird 12 00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: influx of self published book spam? Yeah, Like suddenly just 13 00:00:54,600 --> 00:00:57,200 Speaker 1: tons of posts were showing up of people promoting their 14 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 1: self published books that off I had nothing to do 15 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:03,040 Speaker 1: with history. No, none of them. And that was the 16 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:05,160 Speaker 1: only thing and they had in common was that none 17 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:08,000 Speaker 1: of them were about history. Otherwise they were by different people, 18 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:11,440 Speaker 1: they were posted from different accounts, they were in different genres. 19 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:15,360 Speaker 1: It was very strange, and because I was wondering, maybe, 20 00:01:15,400 --> 00:01:17,240 Speaker 1: you know, maybe there had been some article that had 21 00:01:17,280 --> 00:01:19,360 Speaker 1: gotten passed around that was like to promote your e 22 00:01:19,480 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 1: book post on random people's Facebook pages. I posted on 23 00:01:23,400 --> 00:01:26,640 Speaker 1: our Facebook page to say sort of, hey listeners, any 24 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:31,399 Speaker 1: of you have any idea why this might be happening. Um. 25 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:33,800 Speaker 1: A couple of people really went out of their way 26 00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:35,679 Speaker 1: to yell at us and call us idiots for even 27 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:40,080 Speaker 1: asking that question. Most people kind of shrugged their shoulders 28 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 1: virtually about it. A few people gave us suggestions, were 29 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:45,680 Speaker 1: trying to like track down exactly what was going on, 30 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:49,200 Speaker 1: but a couple of people said, you know it would 31 00:01:49,240 --> 00:01:52,840 Speaker 1: be cool is if you did an episode about spam 32 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 1: the food. Not spam like the unwanted e communication, but 33 00:01:58,320 --> 00:02:01,160 Speaker 1: spam the food. And I can get behind that because 34 00:02:01,240 --> 00:02:04,560 Speaker 1: I will loudly and proudly say I quite enjoy spam. Yeah. 35 00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:09,000 Speaker 1: Well uh, And immediately from just the few facts that 36 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:14,000 Speaker 1: I already knew about spam's influence on various cuisines in 37 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 1: the wake of World War Two, I was like, Yeah, 38 00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:19,160 Speaker 1: let's do that. That sounds actually pretty interesting and awesome. 39 00:02:19,200 --> 00:02:21,600 Speaker 1: And then that led to several other people chiming in 40 00:02:21,639 --> 00:02:25,200 Speaker 1: with interesting tidbits about spam and history. So that is 41 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:28,760 Speaker 1: what we were talking about today. Thank you random people 42 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,919 Speaker 1: who put their weird e books on our Facebook page. 43 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:34,520 Speaker 1: It was a secuitous journey, but we got to a 44 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: cool episode idea and I like sharing the journeys. Sometimes 45 00:02:39,320 --> 00:02:41,320 Speaker 1: a lot of times people ask us how we come 46 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:46,280 Speaker 1: up with these things. Well that's an example. So yes, 47 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:48,960 Speaker 1: today we were going to talk about spam's history and 48 00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:53,480 Speaker 1: how spam played a part in some pretty important historical events, 49 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:57,160 Speaker 1: namely World War two and the Korean War. YA. So 50 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:00,280 Speaker 1: in case anyone does not know, spam is made by 51 00:03:00,320 --> 00:03:05,240 Speaker 1: Hormel Foods. George A. Hormel was born in eighteen sixty 52 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: in Buffalo, New York. Now, their last name was originally 53 00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: pronounced Hormal to rhyme with normal, and it's not totally 54 00:03:12,639 --> 00:03:17,280 Speaker 1: clear when Hormel became hormel Um because we've both been 55 00:03:17,320 --> 00:03:20,960 Speaker 1: saying Hormel all our lives, and for the sake of consistency, 56 00:03:20,960 --> 00:03:23,200 Speaker 1: we're just gonna go with Hormel. That was definitely what 57 00:03:23,240 --> 00:03:26,440 Speaker 1: the company was calling itself by the time spam was invented. 58 00:03:27,440 --> 00:03:31,359 Speaker 1: So the Hormel family moved to Toledo, Ohio when George 59 00:03:31,400 --> 00:03:34,080 Speaker 1: was just six, and he worked in his father's tannery 60 00:03:34,160 --> 00:03:38,600 Speaker 1: after school. The Panic of eighteen seventy three meant that 61 00:03:38,640 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 1: the family found itself needing additional income, so at the 62 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,200 Speaker 1: age of twelve, George left school so that he could 63 00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: spend more time working and make more money for the family. 64 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:51,520 Speaker 1: After a few brief stints and a couple of other jobs, 65 00:03:51,560 --> 00:03:54,400 Speaker 1: he wound up working at his uncle's meat packing business, 66 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:57,640 Speaker 1: and he worked there until he was nineteen, and George 67 00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:00,960 Speaker 1: continued to work in different jobs throughout his young adulthood. 68 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:04,200 Speaker 1: He was working as a traveling salesman when he found 69 00:04:04,200 --> 00:04:07,800 Speaker 1: a meat shop for sale in Austin, Minnesota, where he 70 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:10,800 Speaker 1: was passing through while he was doing some business in 71 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:13,800 Speaker 1: his sales and he bought this meat shop and he 72 00:04:13,880 --> 00:04:16,680 Speaker 1: opened it, putting his experience at his uncle's meat packing 73 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:21,360 Speaker 1: operation into practice and opening his own meat business. Soon 74 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:23,480 Speaker 1: he really wanted the business to be more than just 75 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:27,080 Speaker 1: a butcher's shop, so he borrowed some money, found an investor, 76 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:31,880 Speaker 1: and established George A. Hormel and Company. The George was 77 00:04:31,920 --> 00:04:34,839 Speaker 1: just G. E O with period after it, and they 78 00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:39,240 Speaker 1: operated out of an abandoned creamery that was in and 79 00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:42,120 Speaker 1: at that point he was thirty one years old. All 80 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:45,720 Speaker 1: of the United States biggest meat packing operations were in Chicago, 81 00:04:46,160 --> 00:04:49,039 Speaker 1: and here he was in Austin, Minnesota, hundreds of miles 82 00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:51,680 Speaker 1: away from that sort of nexus of industry, and he 83 00:04:51,760 --> 00:04:54,800 Speaker 1: was also brand new. He was a small business in 84 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:57,920 Speaker 1: an industry that at that point was completely dominated by 85 00:04:58,279 --> 00:05:02,960 Speaker 1: really established, long time powerhouses. And he also didn't actually 86 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:04,640 Speaker 1: have some of the equipment that he was going to 87 00:05:04,720 --> 00:05:08,480 Speaker 1: need to be, uh, you know, a large scale meat packer. 88 00:05:08,640 --> 00:05:11,840 Speaker 1: For example, he did not have refrigerated railed cars at 89 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:15,159 Speaker 1: his disposal. Those have been around since eighteen seventy eight, 90 00:05:15,160 --> 00:05:17,320 Speaker 1: but George did not have any until after the turn 91 00:05:17,320 --> 00:05:21,640 Speaker 1: of the century. So George Harmel needed to set himself 92 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:24,320 Speaker 1: apart in some way. Since he couldn't just go head 93 00:05:24,360 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 1: to head with all these giant, established meat packing companies, 94 00:05:28,279 --> 00:05:31,559 Speaker 1: he decided to focus on two things. The first was pork, 95 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:35,080 Speaker 1: since more of the pig carcass was used than in 96 00:05:35,200 --> 00:05:39,680 Speaker 1: many other food animals, and quality. So when other businesses 97 00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:42,840 Speaker 1: were cutting their pork products with filt with fillers, he 98 00:05:43,040 --> 00:05:45,880 Speaker 1: really stuck as much as he could just to meet 99 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,880 Speaker 1: that came from pigs, and the company incorporated in nineteen 100 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:54,000 Speaker 1: o one, and by four they were slaughtering a million 101 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:58,680 Speaker 1: hogs each year. George Hormel's son Jay, he had other 102 00:05:58,720 --> 00:06:01,000 Speaker 1: sons as well, but Jay the one who plays a 103 00:06:01,040 --> 00:06:03,400 Speaker 1: part in this part of the story. He was a 104 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:07,360 Speaker 1: veteran of World War One, having served as chief quartermaster 105 00:06:07,520 --> 00:06:11,279 Speaker 1: and the American Expeditionary Forces. Jay came back from the 106 00:06:11,279 --> 00:06:13,960 Speaker 1: war with a sense of what canned goods could do 107 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: in terms of feeding an army, so he encouraged Hormel 108 00:06:18,080 --> 00:06:22,040 Speaker 1: to look into focusing on canned meat products. The company's 109 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:26,600 Speaker 1: first canned ham came out in nine six. In nine 110 00:06:26,680 --> 00:06:30,760 Speaker 1: George Hormel retired and Jay took the helm after his 111 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:33,440 Speaker 1: father was no longer part of the business, and at 112 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:36,760 Speaker 1: this point Hormel introduced Didnty Moore beef stew and Hormel 113 00:06:36,880 --> 00:06:41,880 Speaker 1: Chili uh. Those both came out in at about the 114 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:44,760 Speaker 1: same time, the Hormel Company recognized that it had a 115 00:06:44,800 --> 00:06:48,880 Speaker 1: surplus of shoulder meat from pigs. Now, this wasn't a 116 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:53,040 Speaker 1: particularly popular cut of meat because neatly removing the meat 117 00:06:53,080 --> 00:06:56,799 Speaker 1: from the bone was a really time and labor intensive process, 118 00:06:56,960 --> 00:06:59,400 Speaker 1: and because a lot of consumers thought that it was 119 00:06:59,440 --> 00:07:03,160 Speaker 1: in fury year to other cuts of pork like ham. 120 00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:05,680 Speaker 1: And what the Hormel Company decided to do was to 121 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:09,200 Speaker 1: grind up this shoulder meat along with some ham and 122 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:12,880 Speaker 1: add salt, water, a bit of sugar, and some sodium nitrate. 123 00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:15,680 Speaker 1: That last ingredient preserves the color of the meat and 124 00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:19,880 Speaker 1: it also inhibits bacterial growth. Uh. And today's spam also 125 00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:22,600 Speaker 1: includes potato starch, but that was not in the original. 126 00:07:22,640 --> 00:07:25,560 Speaker 1: It was added later to keep the liquid from seeping 127 00:07:25,600 --> 00:07:28,360 Speaker 1: out of the meat and forming a gelatinous layer on top, 128 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:31,840 Speaker 1: which I remember seeing periodically agains when I was a kid, 129 00:07:32,240 --> 00:07:36,320 Speaker 1: and it was indeed kind of gross. Yeah, that was 130 00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:40,720 Speaker 1: in the eighties when they made that change. Um. This 131 00:07:40,840 --> 00:07:44,440 Speaker 1: new product's name was coined by Kenneth Dagonau, who was 132 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:47,320 Speaker 1: not only a Broadway actor but also the brother of 133 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:51,480 Speaker 1: a Hormel VP. He won a hundred dollars for his efforts. 134 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:56,080 Speaker 1: It's allegedly a portmanteau of spiced and ham, but the 135 00:07:56,160 --> 00:07:59,800 Speaker 1: specifics on that are really not documented, and Hormel claim 136 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:03,480 Speaker 1: that what it really stands for is a closely guarded 137 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:08,280 Speaker 1: secret that makes it sound like it's uh somehow secretly 138 00:08:08,320 --> 00:08:10,680 Speaker 1: spelling out horrible things that could be contained in it. 139 00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:14,480 Speaker 1: But the important thing is that spam took the world 140 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:16,400 Speaker 1: by storm, and we're going to talk about that after 141 00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:27,200 Speaker 1: we have a quick ad break, and now I'll get 142 00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:31,400 Speaker 1: to spam and how it came to dominate the market. Yeah. 143 00:08:31,480 --> 00:08:34,240 Speaker 1: So spam made its entry into the market in nine seven, 144 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:38,959 Speaker 1: and its launch was accompanied by a huge advertising campaign, 145 00:08:39,400 --> 00:08:42,120 Speaker 1: and it builds spam is suitable for every meal and 146 00:08:42,240 --> 00:08:45,840 Speaker 1: for snacks. Spam was basically an instant hit, and it 147 00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:48,680 Speaker 1: took eighteen percent of the market share for canned ham 148 00:08:48,720 --> 00:08:52,280 Speaker 1: in its first year. That is hugely significant. The US 149 00:08:52,480 --> 00:08:55,000 Speaker 1: was starting to recover somewhat from the Great Depression, but 150 00:08:55,080 --> 00:08:58,240 Speaker 1: overall people were really excited about having access to an 151 00:08:58,240 --> 00:09:02,120 Speaker 1: inexpensive shelf stable store some meat. Plus it's really long 152 00:09:02,200 --> 00:09:04,320 Speaker 1: shelf life meant that you could stock up when you 153 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:06,840 Speaker 1: had extra money and you would have like a nice 154 00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 1: little go to in your pantry of edibles. Spam also 155 00:09:12,040 --> 00:09:15,000 Speaker 1: got an endorsement from George Burns and Gracie Allen on 156 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:19,080 Speaker 1: their radio show There's a Charming Depending on Your Taste 157 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: print ad for both Spam and the show, in which 158 00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:27,320 Speaker 1: George says to Gracie, Gracie, if a strange man offered 159 00:09:27,320 --> 00:09:29,800 Speaker 1: to buy you lunch, what would you say? And then 160 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:35,080 Speaker 1: Gracie replies, spam, I think it's charming, but it is 161 00:09:35,080 --> 00:09:38,760 Speaker 1: pretty charming. Basically, everything that two did was charming to me. Um. 162 00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:42,240 Speaker 1: Also on the print ad was the copy Colder Hot 163 00:09:42,440 --> 00:09:46,200 Speaker 1: Spam Hits the spot cold Bits Spam and vegetable mold 164 00:09:46,320 --> 00:09:50,720 Speaker 1: Spam and Salad sandwiches, hot Spam and eggs, Spam and waffles, 165 00:09:50,760 --> 00:09:56,240 Speaker 1: Baked spam spam Burgers. A singing radio commercial also came 166 00:09:56,240 --> 00:09:58,440 Speaker 1: out in the forties that began and ended with the 167 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:02,199 Speaker 1: words spam, spam, space, um, spam and to look at it, 168 00:10:02,679 --> 00:10:04,600 Speaker 1: as I did look at it many times as I 169 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:07,400 Speaker 1: was doing research. It looks a lot like the Monty 170 00:10:07,440 --> 00:10:10,640 Speaker 1: Python sketch, but in reality it was sung to the 171 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:13,679 Speaker 1: tune of My Body Lies over the Ocean. Now. I 172 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:16,719 Speaker 1: just wish someone could convince Terry Jones to sing the 173 00:10:16,840 --> 00:10:20,480 Speaker 1: spam song in his family d Voice to my Body 174 00:10:20,520 --> 00:10:23,079 Speaker 1: Lies over the Ocean. I bet we could would be 175 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:27,600 Speaker 1: real start a campaign. World War two really launched spam 176 00:10:27,640 --> 00:10:32,040 Speaker 1: into the American patriotic consciousness. US residents were encouraged to 177 00:10:32,040 --> 00:10:35,000 Speaker 1: give up beef and premium cuts of other meats so 178 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: that they could help the war effort, and spam was 179 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 1: a handy alternative. Yeah, so while people were eating spam 180 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:43,400 Speaker 1: out of necessity towards the end of the Great Depression 181 00:10:43,440 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 1: because it was cheap and they didn't have a lot 182 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:47,439 Speaker 1: of money. This time, it was more of a sacrifice 183 00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:52,120 Speaker 1: to support the United States UM. The Hormail Company, along 184 00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:57,400 Speaker 1: with other meat producers, made specially packaged army versions of spam. 185 00:10:57,480 --> 00:11:02,240 Speaker 1: These were basically extremely large spam loaves and olive drab tins. 186 00:11:02,320 --> 00:11:05,840 Speaker 1: Then they weren't branded as spam with that distinctive blue 187 00:11:05,840 --> 00:11:09,320 Speaker 1: spam label. They contained some extra salt so that they 188 00:11:09,360 --> 00:11:12,400 Speaker 1: could withstand the temperature extremes of all the places that 189 00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:15,840 Speaker 1: the troops were deployed. Uh there were also some ordinary 190 00:11:15,920 --> 00:11:18,280 Speaker 1: cans of spam that were basically bought in a pinch 191 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:21,199 Speaker 1: to try to make ends meet for the men's rations. 192 00:11:21,760 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 1: Hormel wound up providing at least one hundred million pounds 193 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:31,800 Speaker 1: of spam during World War Two. That's a lot of spam. 194 00:11:31,840 --> 00:11:34,440 Speaker 1: It's so much spam. It's a running theme in World 195 00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:38,600 Speaker 1: War two soldiers discussions of the war and for the troops, 196 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:40,920 Speaker 1: the word spam actually came to mean any kind of 197 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:43,839 Speaker 1: processed and preserved meat, and it was on the menu 198 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:46,920 Speaker 1: a lot. It's often seemed like it was three three 199 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:50,400 Speaker 1: meals a day, every single day. So spam three meals 200 00:11:50,400 --> 00:11:53,560 Speaker 1: a day didn't literally need mean brand name spam, but 201 00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:57,640 Speaker 1: processed meat three meals a day. Yeah, People basically thought 202 00:11:57,679 --> 00:12:01,040 Speaker 1: of all of that stuff as spam. It's similar to 203 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:04,199 Speaker 1: how all tissues are Kleenex. And that is the thing 204 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:09,000 Speaker 1: that Hormil tries so hard to come back. In nineteen 205 00:12:09,120 --> 00:12:12,280 Speaker 1: sixty six, when the Hormail Company was celebrating its seventy 206 00:12:12,280 --> 00:12:15,560 Speaker 1: five birthday, Dwight D. Eisenhower wrote in a letter to 207 00:12:15,679 --> 00:12:20,000 Speaker 1: a retired Hormail president saying, quote, I ate my share 208 00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:23,600 Speaker 1: of spam, along with millions of other soldiers. I'll even 209 00:12:23,640 --> 00:12:26,920 Speaker 1: confess to a few unkind remarks about it uttered during 210 00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:31,000 Speaker 1: the strain of battle, you understand, But as former commander 211 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:33,440 Speaker 1: in chief, I believe I can still forgive you for 212 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:38,800 Speaker 1: your only sin sending us so much of it. That's 213 00:12:38,840 --> 00:12:41,199 Speaker 1: so much of it meant that a lot of servicemen 214 00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:43,920 Speaker 1: swore they would never touch another can of spam once 215 00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:46,400 Speaker 1: the war was over. And while this may have been 216 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:49,679 Speaker 1: true at least temporarily, many people who had sworn never 217 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:51,920 Speaker 1: to touch another piece of spam wound up feeling a 218 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,280 Speaker 1: little nostalgic for it. Once the war was over, eating 219 00:12:55,320 --> 00:12:58,840 Speaker 1: spam took on this patriotic air, and it was bolstered 220 00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 1: this concept of patriotism linked to spam by Hormel's advertising campaign, 221 00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:08,000 Speaker 1: which tied spam to wholesome values and patriotic spirit, and 222 00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:12,439 Speaker 1: that advertising plan went on throughout the fifties. It was 223 00:13:12,520 --> 00:13:15,520 Speaker 1: also bolstered by a sixty member dance troup known as 224 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:19,280 Speaker 1: the Hormel Girls, who toured around in USO fashion after 225 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:21,480 Speaker 1: the end of the war, after getting their start in 226 00:13:21,559 --> 00:13:26,120 Speaker 1: ninety seven. I hope we have pictures of those I 227 00:13:26,160 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 1: saw a couple. I did not find any that we 228 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:31,720 Speaker 1: can like put in our blog or anything, but there 229 00:13:31,720 --> 00:13:35,880 Speaker 1: are some that could be a great Halloween costume. The 230 00:13:35,960 --> 00:13:40,400 Speaker 1: combination of nostalgia patriotism meant that spam's heyday in the 231 00:13:40,480 --> 00:13:44,360 Speaker 1: US really ran through the fifties and the sixties. Cookbooks 232 00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:47,360 Speaker 1: featured spam is an ingredient in all kinds of dishes, 233 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:52,520 Speaker 1: but as the seventies crept in, spam's popularity started to 234 00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:58,200 Speaker 1: fade a bit. On December, the last skit on that 235 00:13:58,320 --> 00:14:02,319 Speaker 1: night's episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus was the infamous 236 00:14:02,720 --> 00:14:06,720 Speaker 1: spam sketch in which a couple goes to a cafe 237 00:14:06,760 --> 00:14:08,600 Speaker 1: where they're serving a lot of spam, and then there 238 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:12,480 Speaker 1: are vikings who also sing about spam. Then, on December 239 00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:16,360 Speaker 1: thirty one, nineteen seventy four, episode of Mash, Hawkeye and 240 00:14:16,440 --> 00:14:20,200 Speaker 1: Trapp Or John save Radar's pet Lamb for being slaughtered 241 00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:23,320 Speaker 1: for a feast by sculpting a new one out of spam. 242 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:26,280 Speaker 1: Weird Al Yankovic's Spam song sung to the tune of 243 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,400 Speaker 1: Our E m Stand came out in nine at which 244 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:32,360 Speaker 1: point the can meat had really become cemented in the 245 00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:36,840 Speaker 1: American consciousness as both a joke and junk food. People 246 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:39,720 Speaker 1: started to think of spam as mystery meat made of remnants, 247 00:14:39,760 --> 00:14:41,920 Speaker 1: the way that hot dogs are reported to be, even 248 00:14:41,960 --> 00:14:45,560 Speaker 1: though its ingredients had not changed aside from that addition 249 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:48,720 Speaker 1: of potatoes starts that we talked about earlier, and today 250 00:14:48,840 --> 00:14:52,000 Speaker 1: people really kind of think of spam as dated and cheap. 251 00:14:52,920 --> 00:14:56,680 Speaker 1: At least most people, yeah, in the United States. This 252 00:14:56,760 --> 00:14:59,200 Speaker 1: is not the case in several other parts of the world. 253 00:14:59,760 --> 00:15:02,760 Speaker 1: So to talk about spam in other parts of the world, 254 00:15:02,760 --> 00:15:04,840 Speaker 1: we need to zip back to World War Two for 255 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:08,600 Speaker 1: a minute. In the United States. The Lend Lease Act 256 00:15:08,760 --> 00:15:12,200 Speaker 1: was passed on March eleventh, ninety one, and as its 257 00:15:12,280 --> 00:15:15,840 Speaker 1: name suggests, the Lend Lease Act allowed the United States 258 00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:19,800 Speaker 1: to lend or lease supplies and materials to Allied nations 259 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:23,840 Speaker 1: without payment if doing so was quote vital to the 260 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:26,800 Speaker 1: defense of the United States. So this was a way 261 00:15:26,920 --> 00:15:29,720 Speaker 1: for the United States to help the war effort without 262 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:34,040 Speaker 1: actually committing troops, which would happen eventually after the Japanese 263 00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:36,960 Speaker 1: bombing of Pearl Harbor on December seven of the same year. 264 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:41,040 Speaker 1: Through the Lend Lease Act, spam made its way to Russia. 265 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:44,920 Speaker 1: In Nikita Kushchev's memoir, speaking of World War Two, he says, quote, 266 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:47,560 Speaker 1: there were many jokes going around in the army, some 267 00:15:47,680 --> 00:15:52,000 Speaker 1: of them off color about American spam, but it tasted good. Nonetheless, 268 00:15:52,400 --> 00:15:55,520 Speaker 1: without spam, we wouldn't have been able to feed our army. 269 00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:58,760 Speaker 1: Spam also made its way to several other parts of 270 00:15:58,800 --> 00:16:01,160 Speaker 1: the world through the Lend Lease Act and through the 271 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:04,440 Speaker 1: presence of American troops during the war, along with other 272 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:08,760 Speaker 1: military actions. So we're going to talk specifically about Hawaii, 273 00:16:08,840 --> 00:16:11,320 Speaker 1: which at this point was not yet a state, as 274 00:16:11,360 --> 00:16:15,240 Speaker 1: well as the Philippines and South Korea and in Hawaii. 275 00:16:15,480 --> 00:16:19,440 Speaker 1: Spam's influence came from two sources. One was the American 276 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:21,880 Speaker 1: g i s who were stationed there or who passed 277 00:16:21,880 --> 00:16:24,440 Speaker 1: through Hawaii on their way to other parts of the Pacific. 278 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:30,040 Speaker 1: The other was Hawaii's Japanese population. So during World War 279 00:16:30,080 --> 00:16:33,920 Speaker 1: Two in the continental United States, the government forced many 280 00:16:34,040 --> 00:16:38,040 Speaker 1: Japanese Americans into internment camps. This is absolutely a thing 281 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:43,280 Speaker 1: that is on the list for podcast episode later on UM. Consequently, 282 00:16:43,400 --> 00:16:47,280 Speaker 1: spam sometimes because it makes an appearance in Japanese American food, 283 00:16:47,320 --> 00:16:49,440 Speaker 1: because it was one of the foods that was being 284 00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:54,280 Speaker 1: served in the camps. But Hawaii was not yet a state, 285 00:16:54,560 --> 00:16:57,800 Speaker 1: so the United States government could not really begin in 286 00:16:57,920 --> 00:16:59,960 Speaker 1: turning its citizens. I mean, you can make an our 287 00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:03,440 Speaker 1: gument that the United States government shouldn't have been interning 288 00:17:03,480 --> 00:17:06,440 Speaker 1: its citizens without due process in the first place. It's 289 00:17:06,480 --> 00:17:10,840 Speaker 1: super did not have that authority to do in Hawaii. Also, 290 00:17:11,280 --> 00:17:15,040 Speaker 1: the Japanese population of Hawaii was just too big to 291 00:17:15,119 --> 00:17:19,320 Speaker 1: be interned. There were way too many people of Japanese ancestry. 292 00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:22,320 Speaker 1: The camps that would have been required were too large 293 00:17:22,359 --> 00:17:25,440 Speaker 1: for the islands themselves to be able to support. There 294 00:17:25,520 --> 00:17:27,960 Speaker 1: was just no way that the United States could do 295 00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:33,119 Speaker 1: in Hawaii what it was doing in the continental United States. Instead, 296 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:38,560 Speaker 1: to combat this perceived threat from people with Japanese ancestry, 297 00:17:38,720 --> 00:17:42,119 Speaker 1: restrictions were placed on the movements and activities of people 298 00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:46,480 Speaker 1: that were of Japanese descent in Hawaii. So Japanese Hawaiians 299 00:17:46,480 --> 00:17:49,360 Speaker 1: were banned from deep sea fishing, which had been one 300 00:17:49,400 --> 00:17:52,639 Speaker 1: of the ways that they primarily sourced their food for 301 00:17:52,680 --> 00:17:58,560 Speaker 1: the Japanese community. Because of Hawaii's remote location, it's landscape 302 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:01,840 Speaker 1: and the available food sources, is the easiest protein source 303 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:05,080 Speaker 1: for Japanese Hawaiians to use to replace what they've lost 304 00:18:05,119 --> 00:18:09,600 Speaker 1: from deep sea fishing was spam. Consequently, spam has been 305 00:18:09,600 --> 00:18:13,720 Speaker 1: incorporated into many Japanese dishes, and these very based on 306 00:18:13,800 --> 00:18:17,080 Speaker 1: different ethnic groups who live in Japan, but in particular, 307 00:18:17,160 --> 00:18:21,160 Speaker 1: there is a lot of sort of Hawaiian Japanese spam fusion. 308 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:24,040 Speaker 1: There's a Yummy restaurant here in Atlanta that does a 309 00:18:24,119 --> 00:18:29,359 Speaker 1: yummy um spam entree with gravy and deliciousness, and I 310 00:18:29,400 --> 00:18:34,720 Speaker 1: absolutely love it. The most famous example of the spam 311 00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:36,720 Speaker 1: dishes that they were making at this time, though, is 312 00:18:36,760 --> 00:18:40,000 Speaker 1: spam musubi, which is spam over rice. It's wrapped in 313 00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:44,439 Speaker 1: nori seaweed, and it's sometimes erroneously called spam sushi. It 314 00:18:44,480 --> 00:18:47,840 Speaker 1: does kind of resemble a sushi role, but musubi is 315 00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:52,080 Speaker 1: it's more accurate name. Today. Hawaii is of course a 316 00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:56,280 Speaker 1: state and consumes more spam than any other state, and 317 00:18:56,320 --> 00:18:59,760 Speaker 1: the island of Waikiki hosts an annual spam jam Let's 318 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:03,320 Speaker 1: Go oh Um. Thanks to the presence of g I 319 00:19:03,440 --> 00:19:07,120 Speaker 1: s during World War Two and an ongoing military presence thereafter, 320 00:19:07,600 --> 00:19:20,160 Speaker 1: spam also became very popular in Guam and Okinawa and Korea, 321 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:25,680 Speaker 1: and Japan citizens were really just desperately suffering during World 322 00:19:25,680 --> 00:19:28,199 Speaker 1: War Two. As a side note, if you have not 323 00:19:28,440 --> 00:19:32,040 Speaker 1: seen the Japanese film Grave of the Fireflies, this will 324 00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:35,560 Speaker 1: give you an idea of how desperately hard things were 325 00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:40,080 Speaker 1: for Japanese citizens during the war. Canned meats like spam 326 00:19:40,119 --> 00:19:44,480 Speaker 1: really saved people's lives and consequently became incorporated into local 327 00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:48,560 Speaker 1: cuisines there as well. In South Korea, this continued during 328 00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:52,800 Speaker 1: the Korean War. American soldiers station they're not considering spam 329 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:56,280 Speaker 1: to be particularly valuable or important. We're happy to use 330 00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:59,400 Speaker 1: it as trade and to increase goodwill, and they would 331 00:19:59,400 --> 00:20:02,920 Speaker 1: also sell it on the black market later on, and 332 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:06,840 Speaker 1: during the Korean War, the United States Army's Postal Exchange 333 00:20:06,920 --> 00:20:09,760 Speaker 1: or p X was often the only place that people 334 00:20:09,800 --> 00:20:13,199 Speaker 1: could get meat. Spam was really what was available, and 335 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:16,320 Speaker 1: since people couldn't afford to buy it necessarily from the 336 00:20:16,359 --> 00:20:20,560 Speaker 1: p X, it really came to be considered a luxury um. 337 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:24,080 Speaker 1: It's an ingredient in a dish called boudei gay which 338 00:20:24,119 --> 00:20:27,080 Speaker 1: I hope I am pronouncing correctly, which is also called 339 00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:30,800 Speaker 1: military stew, and that's basically a thick stew that also 340 00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:35,680 Speaker 1: includes Korean ingredients like kimchi. A fried slab of pork 341 00:20:35,800 --> 00:20:38,960 Speaker 1: called pu yuck was also part of Korean cuisine before 342 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:42,239 Speaker 1: the introduction of spam, and spam became a replacement for 343 00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:44,480 Speaker 1: pork in that dish when people couldn't get ahold of 344 00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:49,879 Speaker 1: regular pork. So spam is undoubtedly an economy class food 345 00:20:49,920 --> 00:20:52,440 Speaker 1: in the United States, but it's a little more expensive 346 00:20:52,440 --> 00:20:56,360 Speaker 1: in Korea, and this association with scarcity and expense from 347 00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:59,879 Speaker 1: earlier times means that today it's frequently given as a 348 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,919 Speaker 1: really high class gift. Often this is part of a 349 00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:08,000 Speaker 1: really elaborate gift box that includes other foods Korea is 350 00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:11,879 Speaker 1: consequently the world's second largest consumer of spam after the 351 00:21:11,960 --> 00:21:16,160 Speaker 1: United States, and spam similarly became popular in the Philippines 352 00:21:16,280 --> 00:21:20,439 Speaker 1: as an after effect of U S military presence. Today, 353 00:21:20,440 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: in the Philippines, it's often purchased outside of the country 354 00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:26,879 Speaker 1: by people who are traveling for pleasure or business, and 355 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:30,639 Speaker 1: then brought home with them as traditional homecoming gifts. This 356 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:33,280 Speaker 1: means a lot of times if you're in duty free 357 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:36,720 Speaker 1: shops at airports that cater to a lot of Filipino travelers, 358 00:21:36,760 --> 00:21:39,439 Speaker 1: there will be spam in the duty free shop. And 359 00:21:39,520 --> 00:21:42,119 Speaker 1: spam is treated in the Philippines on both the black 360 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:44,879 Speaker 1: and the gray markets, and there are actually nine different 361 00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:49,040 Speaker 1: legitimately available varieties of spam there. There's even a Turkey 362 00:21:49,119 --> 00:21:52,240 Speaker 1: version for the nation's Muslim population. I wonder what that 363 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:55,560 Speaker 1: tastes like. I also wonder what that tastes like. UM. 364 00:21:55,600 --> 00:21:57,800 Speaker 1: The reason that there is a black market at a 365 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:01,720 Speaker 1: gray market for spam is that there are some restrictions 366 00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:05,639 Speaker 1: on imports in Philippines, which means there's more demand for 367 00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:09,919 Speaker 1: spam than is actually allowed to be imported. UM. And 368 00:22:09,960 --> 00:22:12,639 Speaker 1: when when you look at the numbers of the number 369 00:22:12,680 --> 00:22:15,399 Speaker 1: of cans sold versus the number of people allowed to 370 00:22:15,480 --> 00:22:19,119 Speaker 1: sell it. It just doesn't add up. There is additional 371 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:24,280 Speaker 1: spam coming from somewhere. So there's a legitimate argument to 372 00:22:24,320 --> 00:22:27,760 Speaker 1: be made here that all of these examples are examples 373 00:22:27,920 --> 00:22:32,119 Speaker 1: of undo American influence on other cultures. But in the 374 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:36,920 Speaker 1: case of spam in particular, local cuisines have really taken 375 00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:39,680 Speaker 1: spam and then absorbed it and made it into something 376 00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:43,200 Speaker 1: that is uniquely their own, whereas in the United States 377 00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:47,080 Speaker 1: people were usually basically using spam as a substitute for 378 00:22:47,119 --> 00:22:51,120 Speaker 1: other meat rather than making something new and uniquely spam 379 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:54,160 Speaker 1: out of it. And today's spam is distributed in more 380 00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:57,360 Speaker 1: than fifty countries and it's trademarked in more than a hundred. 381 00:22:57,960 --> 00:23:00,840 Speaker 1: There are actually two spam cans in the permanent collection 382 00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:04,560 Speaker 1: at the Smithsonian and in the Division of the History 383 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:08,680 Speaker 1: of Technology. One was the original ninety seven can, which 384 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:11,040 Speaker 1: had to be opened using a key, and the other 385 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:13,720 Speaker 1: is a more modern luncheon meat can which was introduced 386 00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:16,960 Speaker 1: in nine seven, which I think has the poll tab style. 387 00:23:17,800 --> 00:23:20,160 Speaker 1: Uh and the look of the label for spam has 388 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:24,000 Speaker 1: stayed basically the same all this time. Spam was also 389 00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:26,639 Speaker 1: served at a breakfast at the opening of a World 390 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:30,600 Speaker 1: War Two exhibition at the National Museum of American History, 391 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:33,920 Speaker 1: and the circle back a little bit to Spam's manufacturer. 392 00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:36,840 Speaker 1: Hormel is still a majority owned by family, but it's 393 00:23:36,840 --> 00:23:39,480 Speaker 1: no longer really family run. Family still owns it, but 394 00:23:40,040 --> 00:23:44,000 Speaker 1: other professionals of running things are in charge of the company. 395 00:23:44,040 --> 00:23:47,520 Speaker 1: I also in this episode had a whole rather lengthy 396 00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:50,880 Speaker 1: section about labor history at the Hormail Company, which has 397 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:55,439 Speaker 1: some actually very interesting twists and turns and contradictions. There 398 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:59,119 Speaker 1: were parts of the company's history that were really revolutionary 399 00:23:59,119 --> 00:24:01,240 Speaker 1: in terms of labor relations, and then there are other 400 00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:04,000 Speaker 1: parts of the company's history at which there were really 401 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 1: contentious and heated strikes. And then in one case, uh, 402 00:24:08,960 --> 00:24:12,679 Speaker 1: a strange autoimmune disease that cropped up at one of 403 00:24:12,680 --> 00:24:16,600 Speaker 1: its meat suppliers. But it's just the whole long series 404 00:24:16,640 --> 00:24:19,960 Speaker 1: of things. Um. And then as I you know, went 405 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:24,800 Speaker 1: through this outline too edit it, it all seemed extremely 406 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:29,200 Speaker 1: ancillary to the story of spam. So I don't think 407 00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:31,760 Speaker 1: we will have a whole episode on the history of 408 00:24:31,880 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: labor relations at the Hormail Company. But if you are 409 00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:37,119 Speaker 1: interested in such a thing, I will put the links 410 00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:40,199 Speaker 1: to my sources on that in our show notes, so 411 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:45,800 Speaker 1: you can check them out for yourself. Uh I, Um, 412 00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:48,240 Speaker 1: most of my research for this sort of fell on 413 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:51,600 Speaker 1: either side of a weekend, and on the Friday part, 414 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:53,639 Speaker 1: I kept being like, maybe I should go get some 415 00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:56,840 Speaker 1: spam and eat it, because I don't. I'm not sure 416 00:24:56,880 --> 00:24:58,720 Speaker 1: I've ever eaten spam. I'm sure I did at some 417 00:24:58,720 --> 00:25:01,760 Speaker 1: point as a child. We have it in our three Yeah, 418 00:25:01,760 --> 00:25:04,240 Speaker 1: I know, I know I've had. Should be fun toast 419 00:25:04,520 --> 00:25:08,399 Speaker 1: that I know for sure, that's all no, but it is. 420 00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:13,000 Speaker 1: It is another kind of military joke food. We definitely 421 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:16,679 Speaker 1: have spam in our three day emergency kit, you know, 422 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:19,800 Speaker 1: in case there's some kind of disaster. Uh So that 423 00:25:19,880 --> 00:25:21,960 Speaker 1: was sort of Friday, and then on Monday, I had 424 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,600 Speaker 1: these resources that had all of these spam recipes and 425 00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:29,119 Speaker 1: I kept being like, that sounds disgusting, Like the ones 426 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:33,520 Speaker 1: that were um, you know that the military stew and 427 00:25:33,560 --> 00:25:35,919 Speaker 1: the spam we Stuie Like that sounded really interesting to me. 428 00:25:35,960 --> 00:25:37,920 Speaker 1: But then there are ones that were American feeds that 429 00:25:37,960 --> 00:25:39,520 Speaker 1: were made with spam, and I was like, that's the 430 00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:42,639 Speaker 1: grossest thing that I've ever heard of. I'm not throwing 431 00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:44,800 Speaker 1: a shade to spam. But man, people have put together 432 00:25:44,800 --> 00:25:52,240 Speaker 1: to some gross sounding recipes, lots of non spam grossery recipes. Okay, 433 00:25:52,280 --> 00:25:54,560 Speaker 1: one of them was fake scargo and I'm just gonna 434 00:25:54,640 --> 00:26:00,280 Speaker 1: believe it. It's like Spam's Halloween costume about don't even 435 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:04,639 Speaker 1: know what that is. I like escargo, and the idea 436 00:26:04,680 --> 00:26:08,919 Speaker 1: of using spam to make uh fake escargo really grossed 437 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:16,760 Speaker 1: me out. Thank you so much for joining us today 438 00:26:16,800 --> 00:26:19,439 Speaker 1: for this classic. If you have heard any kind of 439 00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:21,840 Speaker 1: email address or maybe a Facebook you are l during 440 00:26:21,880 --> 00:26:24,080 Speaker 1: the course of the episode, that might be obsolete. 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