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Speaker 1: As media.

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Speaker 2: Welcome back to Behind the Bastards, a podcast about the

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Speaker 2: worst history in all of people or people in all

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Speaker 2: of history, whichever is accurate. I don't know. I randomly

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Speaker 2: put words together based on a predictive text algorithm, much

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Speaker 2: like an LLM, except for I use this collection of

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Speaker 2: bones with runes inscribed on them, and that's how the

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Speaker 2: podcast comes to you every week. Thousands of bones with

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Speaker 2: runs inscribed on them that I pick at random. Kava,

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Speaker 2: how would you like me to read some random bones

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Speaker 2: that might be about the Shah or not.

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Speaker 3: Let's do it. Let's roll the bones.

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Speaker 2: But also welcome back to the show.

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Speaker 3: Here. Sorry, yes, thank you again for having me. My

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Speaker 3: name is Cave Joda. I am a physician. I'm a gastrointrologist,

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Speaker 3: and I'm also the host of a podcas ask called

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Speaker 3: The House of Pod. It is a humor adjacent little

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Speaker 3: medical podcast we look at well in the scrifter is

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Speaker 3: we look at what the MAHA community and the administration

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Speaker 3: is doing to our current healthcare and have a little

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Speaker 3: fun when we can with it. So you should check

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Speaker 3: it out anywhere you get your podcast after this, listen

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Speaker 3: to this. This is more important than afterwards listen to you.

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Speaker 3: You'll probably like it or your money back.

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Speaker 1: Have you done an episode about our mutual enemy yet?

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Speaker 3: Which one? I feel like we have a number rfk

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Speaker 3: jor I've done a number one?

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Speaker 1: No, no, no no. Our mutual enemy that we talk

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Speaker 1: about on the side often.

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Speaker 3: We did talk about can I say his name? Is that? Okay?

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Speaker 3: I don't like to give him more airtime than he

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Speaker 3: but Vine pissad Yeah, yeah, I like him. I like him.

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Speaker 3: He doesn't like me. I have no problem with him.

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Speaker 3: But he's been involved in a lot of aspects of

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Speaker 3: medical or medical care recently in the country that I've

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Speaker 3: disagreed with. And we actually did talk about him recently

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Speaker 3: in our of our more recent episode, So yes, you

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Speaker 3: could listen to the podcast and here are The episode

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Speaker 3: is influence versus Evidence, and we talk about kind of

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Speaker 3: what's happening out there right now in our current healthcare administration.

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Speaker 3: He's not a fan of his. It's mostly good, right, oh,

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Speaker 3: I mean ninety nine percent great.

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Speaker 2: Everything's fine, Everything is great.

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Speaker 3: Everything is really If you're really into communicable diseases things,

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Speaker 3: this is a good time.

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Speaker 2: Excellent. I love communicable diseases and my favorite communicable disease

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Speaker 2: is knowledge.

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Speaker 3: I was going to say it, I swear to God,

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Speaker 3: I was going to say.

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Speaker 2: It, let's spread some together. Yeah. So, in the four

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Speaker 2: years after the October Revolution in Russia, Persia had been

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Speaker 2: the site of bloody and constant conflict between Britain and Russia. Again,

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Speaker 2: there's this brief period in World War One where they're

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Speaker 2: kind of fighting together against the Ottomans in Persia as

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Speaker 2: opposed stuff fucking with each other, and then we've got

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Speaker 2: our revolution and the Bolsheviks are fighting the Whites, and

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Speaker 2: Britain goes right back to fight in Russia. Right now,

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Speaker 2: I guess it's a little different in that they also

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Speaker 2: have allies who are Russians in this case too, so

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Speaker 2: they're not fighting all of the Russians, just most of

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Speaker 2: the Russians. And basically the kind of broad strokes of

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Speaker 2: this conflict are the Brits see Persia because they've already

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Speaker 2: got a good base in the area, and they get

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Speaker 2: resources there, they have interests there, they have a lot

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Speaker 2: of forces that they can get there. It's a great springboard.

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Speaker 2: It also borders Russia, so it's a great springboard for

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Speaker 2: them to use as a base from which to support

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Speaker 2: the White Army and the Russian Civil War.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 2: The Soviets meanwhile, don't want Britain doing that because it's

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Speaker 2: bad for them. Right, So the Soviet Union annexes chunks

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Speaker 2: of northern Persia and they create a the Persian Socialist

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Speaker 2: Soviet Republic. Right, there's like a I mean, it's more

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Speaker 2: complicated than that, right, there's and obviously there's local and

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Speaker 2: like within like Persians who are communists who are part

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Speaker 2: of this and like want to There's partisans and stuff.

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Speaker 2: It's much more complicated than all that. But broadly speaking,

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Speaker 2: you've got the Brits and the area they control in

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Speaker 2: Persia that they want to use as a base to

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Speaker 2: support the White Army in Russia. And then you've got

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Speaker 2: this chunk of northern Persia that is aligned with the USSR,

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Speaker 2: that is itself at least nominally Bolshevik, that the Bolsheviks

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Speaker 2: are using as a base, right, and there's fighting betwixt

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Speaker 2: the two. Now. The Quajars are still like that shot them,

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Speaker 2: that line of Shaws is still in control technically at

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Speaker 2: the point at which all this is going on, but

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Speaker 2: they fail to exert They can't. They don't have any power, right,

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Speaker 2: Like the Shaws are useless in this conflict. They don't

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Speaker 2: really have any ability to influence what the Russians are

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Speaker 2: doing because the Bolsheviks had just killed their czar, so

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Speaker 2: they're sure as hell not going to listen to some

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Speaker 2: Shah in Persia that they never respected to begin with. Meanwhile,

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Speaker 2: the Shah like personally like the guy who was Shaw

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Speaker 2: now is that dude who was like twelve when he

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Speaker 2: came to power and has been ruled like a regent,

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Speaker 2: was running things And there's like a triumvirent of guys

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Speaker 2: who aren't the Shah who are mostly running things in

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Speaker 2: the Persian central government. And so during this period after

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Speaker 2: World War One, the central government's like bleeding provinces and

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Speaker 2: big chunks of the army just kind of disappear into

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Speaker 2: comical puffs of smoke because they didn't really want to

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Speaker 2: be in the army and when push came to shove,

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Speaker 2: they're like, nahhh, go back home, no, no thank you.

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Speaker 2: So the only meaningful force opposing the Soviets are the

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Speaker 2: Cossacks and the Cossack Brigade, and they're British backers. Again,

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Speaker 2: it's a little more complicated than that. But that's the

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Speaker 2: broad strokes now.

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Speaker 3: But the Cossacks at this point, the Cossacks are not

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Speaker 3: reporting back.

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Speaker 2: Yes and no.

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Speaker 3: So that's the part I don't understand here.

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Speaker 2: Well, it's weird again. Russia's not everyone in Russia is

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Speaker 2: a Bolshevik. There's a there's a civil war, right, So

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Speaker 2: you've got a bunch of Russians or white Russians who

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Speaker 2: support at least not the Soviet Union happening, right, generally

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Speaker 2: they support some sort of return to the monarchy or whatever.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 2: So, and a lot of Cossacks support the white Russians.

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Speaker 2: Because the Cossacks had been the Tsar's shock troops, a

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Speaker 2: shitload of them wind up in the White forces, right,

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Speaker 2: and when during this period of time, the Persian Cossack

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Speaker 2: brigade is still led by a Russian officer, Like, it's

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Speaker 2: still a Russian colonel who's in charge of the brigade.

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Speaker 2: But that russian's a white, right, so he's siding with

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Speaker 2: the British in their efforts to help the whites against

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Speaker 2: the Bolsheviks. These are very messy wars. Does that make sense?

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Speaker 3: You know, as someone who is currently living through the

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Speaker 3: Iranian diaspora dealing with the Iran War, I think I

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Speaker 3: can understand a little bit of the complexity of this,

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Speaker 3: and this is all starting to make sense in a

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Speaker 3: historical context.

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Speaker 2: To me, it's fucking messy this whole period, because it's

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Speaker 2: not just Britain that's intervening in the Russian Civil War,

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Speaker 2: like the United States has forces too, Like there's a

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Speaker 2: whole allied intervention force. This is number one, barely talked

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Speaker 2: about anymore, but really complicated everything that's going on in

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Speaker 2: this period of time. I'm really smoothing the edges down

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Speaker 2: just because we can't get into too much detail about

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Speaker 2: all of the shit that's going on. But right, that's

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Speaker 2: why the Cossacks are on the side of the Brits here,

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Speaker 2: you know. So this is not nineteen nineteen, nineteen twenty,

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Speaker 2: nineteen twenty one. This is not when like Domino theory

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Speaker 2: doesn't really exist in the form it's going to exist.

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Speaker 2: But conservative reactionaries have already started sessing out the basic tenets, right,

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Speaker 2: They're already telling people, well, look, if Persia falls to communism,

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Speaker 2: where all it stop?

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Speaker 3: Right now?

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Speaker 2: Obviously, Great Britain's real interest here is that if Persia

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Speaker 2: falls to communism, they're not going to get cheap oil

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Speaker 2: anymore for the Navy, And that's the real.

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Speaker 3: Problem, right, love that oil.

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Speaker 2: Their other problem is they have to keep troops in

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Speaker 2: Persia during this whole period of time, like their own guys,

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Speaker 2: the Cossacks alone can't hold shit. If they want to

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Speaker 2: know that that oil is safe, they have to have

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Speaker 2: their own dudes there and that costs a lot of money.

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Speaker 2: So in nineteen twenty one, Great Britain's two main interests

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Speaker 2: in Persia are stop it from falling to the Communists

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Speaker 2: and if we didn't have to keep our soldiers here

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Speaker 2: to do that, it would sure be great. Right, those

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Speaker 2: are their primary concerns. Now, I want to take you

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Speaker 2: back in time. I know, I just was talking about

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Speaker 2: the Russian Civil War era to talk a little bit

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Speaker 2: about how things within like the oil company working in

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Speaker 2: Persia evolved over like the early nineteen hundreds up to

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Speaker 2: nineteen twenty one, right, because we didn't really talk about

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Speaker 2: that so much in the last episode, and it does matter.

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Speaker 2: So in nineteen oh nine that entrepreneur Darcy and the

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Speaker 2: company that he partnered with had transferred their rights basically

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Speaker 2: had gotten in bed with another company because they needed

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Speaker 2: more money to do the infrastructure necessary to get oil

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Speaker 2: out of Persia. And this new company is called Anglo

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Speaker 2: Persian Oil or APOC APOC. Remember these names, you're it's

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Speaker 2: gonna be real interesting what happens to Anglo Persian Oil

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Speaker 2: in the modern era. Now, The way in which APOC

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Speaker 2: functioned from nineteen oh nine to nineteen twenty one does

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Speaker 2: a good job of showing how dysfunctional the central government

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Speaker 2: of Persia was by this point, how bad the Quajar

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Speaker 2: monarchy is at actually like governing the country because APOC

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Speaker 2: doesn't deal with Tehran at all. They don't talk to

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Speaker 2: the Shah, They ignore the capital completely because their oil

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Speaker 2: wells and shit aren't near the capital, and the royal

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Speaker 2: wells are in the territory of a bunch of like

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Speaker 2: there's a mix of like sheikhs and baktari cons which

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Speaker 2: are like different like basically tribal level leaders who actually

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Speaker 2: control the territory where they're drilling for oil and transporting oil.

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Speaker 2: And so the oil company is like, why would we

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Speaker 2: talk to Tehran. They don't have any power here. They

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Speaker 2: can barely keep the capital. I'm gonna make deals with

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Speaker 2: these local guys. They have the guns and the labor force. Right,

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Speaker 2: the capitol is not gonna do anything but take bribes

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Speaker 2: for me buck them. Yeah, so that shows you how

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Speaker 2: weak the government is at this point in time. As

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Speaker 2: a matter of fact, when the deal between Apok and

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Speaker 2: these different tribal groups was concluded in nineteen ten, the

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Speaker 2: company illegally imported a thousand laborers from India without talking

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Speaker 2: to anyone in the Persian government. They take a thousand

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Speaker 2: Indians and make them work in Persia and they don't

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Speaker 2: ask anybody in the fucking government. It's like they don't

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Speaker 2: talk to the first there's no visas for these motherfuckers.

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Speaker 3: They just don't look. They don't they never do. They

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Speaker 3: never look at Persians as real people. It kid this

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Speaker 3: colonial mindset and it doesn't it so never goes away.

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Speaker 3: I mean, I mean maybe now it's gone away, but

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Speaker 3: like it was so intrinsic to who they rte intrinsic

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Speaker 3: to who they were as people that they just couldn't

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Speaker 3: see the people living there as being worthy a warranting

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Speaker 3: even that kind of dis.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it's fucking nuts. And it's it's really like it

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Speaker 2: as an idea for like how messed up their attitude

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Speaker 2: towards like Persians is period they part of the agreement

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Speaker 2: with these like local shakes and cons is will hire

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Speaker 2: a thousand locals to work in the oil plants. Right,

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Speaker 2: but they legally start bringing in a bunch of Indian

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Speaker 2: workers to do most of the work, Like they aren't

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Speaker 2: going to hire any more than the minimum they have

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Speaker 2: agreed of local people. Right. I want to quote again

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Speaker 2: from that piece Sharen Brysac wrote for the World Policy Journal,

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Speaker 2: and what became a chronic grievance. APOK gave Britains and

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Speaker 2: Indians the best jobs, relegating Persians to menial roles. Foreigners

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Speaker 2: occupied the best houses, claimed to membership in the exclusive

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Speaker 2: Persian Club, and sent their children to schools and segregated cantonments.

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Speaker 2: There were even fountains marked not for Iranians. Feeding the

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Speaker 2: cycle of and during resentment that was to characterize subsequent relations. Wow,

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Speaker 2: Basically they're not giving like they they'll let you like

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Speaker 2: transport shit, but they don't give you anything. They're not

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Speaker 2: getting like the most dangerous jobs. But they're not getting

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Speaker 2: good jobs either. They're not getting anything that pays well.

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Speaker 2: And in the areas where the company is activated, there's

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Speaker 2: segregation against the indigenous people who live there, like.

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Speaker 3: And they're they're so smart, they're never gonna let the

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Speaker 3: Iranians that are there, yea, get to higher positions where

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Speaker 3: they can actually learn the oil industry, where they can

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Speaker 3: actually learn how to do this, because heaven forbid if

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Speaker 3: they were, yeah, they would run it themselves, so purposely

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Speaker 3: keeping them in the dark.

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Speaker 2: And then imagine there's segregation in your country because a

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Speaker 2: guy came in last week and is like, nah, you

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Speaker 2: don't get to use the same like water fountains because

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Speaker 2: we're getting oil out of here now. Like if it's

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Speaker 2: just if it's just a thing that happened a week ago,

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Speaker 2: like how that would like like piss you off? Like

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Speaker 2: what you guys just got here?

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Speaker 3: Like we are so easily offended. So people, I have

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Speaker 3: to tell you this.

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Speaker 2: Is like anyone would be in this auriating.

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Speaker 3: I've seen Iranians get pretty offended for much less then

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Speaker 3: having a segregated water fountain.

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Speaker 2: So this is nuts, okay, because some fucker just comes

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Speaker 2: in a week ago and is like, oh, no, this

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Speaker 2: isn't your place anymore. There's oil here. This is British property. So,

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Speaker 2: as I noted in the first episode. In nineteen fourteen,

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Speaker 2: the British Parliament had had voted for a proposal pushed

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Speaker 2: by Churchill to fuel the Royal Navy with Persian oil.

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Speaker 2: As part of this deal, the British government purchased fifty

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Speaker 2: one percent of Anglo Persian Oil, ensuring it would remain

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Speaker 2: an all British company, which is again them saying We're

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Speaker 2: not gonna let the locals run anything. We won't even

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Speaker 2: let them know how to run anything. This is always

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Speaker 2: going to be our shit. So by nineteen twenty one,

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Speaker 2: Northern Persia is a Soviet satellite and guerrilla fighters are

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Speaker 2: advancing on Tehran, which basically can't defend itself without foreign help.

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Speaker 2: There are the Cossacks, which are primarily made up of

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Speaker 2: Persian soldiers and they are functional, but the government can't

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Speaker 2: even pay them right like, the Cossacks are being paid

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Speaker 2: entirely by Great Britain by this point in time, and

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Speaker 2: Great Britain has to send her own soldiers to occupy

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Speaker 2: large tracks of Persian territory in nineteen eighteen just to

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Speaker 2: stop a total Bolshevik victory in the area. Now one

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Speaker 2: of these Cossacks getting paid by the British in nineteen

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Speaker 2: twenty one is our friend Resa Khan, who at that

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Speaker 2: point has been promoted to colonel. Right, this is machine

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Speaker 2: gun Resa. So there is Khan.

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Speaker 3: From stable boy to machine gun Reza. That's right.

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Speaker 2: Still can't read, but he could shoot people.

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Speaker 3: You shoot that gun. Good.

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Speaker 2: Khan and his men and about fifty five hundred British

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Speaker 2: colonial troops are holding the line against the communists. Right,

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Speaker 2: while British Foreign Secretary Kurzon drafts what becomes known as

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Speaker 2: the Anglo Persian Treaty. This authorizes the stationing of British

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Speaker 2: veterans to build a functional army for the central government. Basically,

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Speaker 2: Britain's going to send experts so that the central government

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Speaker 2: can build an army that actually works. Right, that's not

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Speaker 2: just the Cossacks. We want there to be a functional

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Speaker 2: army here so we don't have to keep ours here.

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Speaker 2: So we're going to send experts in and we're also

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Speaker 2: going to put a bunch of investment money into Persia

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Speaker 2: to build railroads and reorganize the economy. All of this

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Speaker 2: is to keep the oil flowing. None of this is

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Speaker 2: for the benefit of regular Persians. The army and the

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Speaker 2: railroads and the economy are also that this is a

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Speaker 2: stable place for the Royal Navy to get its fuel from.

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Speaker 2: Right now, this plan is to be paid for by

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Speaker 2: a two million pound loan issued by Great Britain, who

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Speaker 2: would collect customs duties to pay the loan back directly

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Speaker 2: from Persians. In effect, British tax collectors are now directly

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Speaker 2: taxing Persian citizens to pay for the things that they're

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Speaker 2: doing in order to make sure Great Britain has continued

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Speaker 2: access to basically cheap oil. Right the tax.

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Speaker 3: So angry the more I learn about this history, it's

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Speaker 3: a it's a good thing. I love your colleague James

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Speaker 3: Stout so much because sometimes I learn about the things

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Speaker 3: of Britain and get so mad. But he's so lovable.

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Speaker 3: It's okay, it's okay.

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Speaker 2: We are Americans. It's not like we can get We

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Speaker 2: don't have that much of a leg to stand on

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Speaker 2: these days.

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Speaker 3: True, I'm so confused. I'm torn between two groups of

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Speaker 3: terrible things.

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Speaker 2: That's right, that's right, it's the it's the team Jacob,

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Speaker 2: a Team Edward of colonialism. So yeah, Great Great Britain's

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Speaker 2: taxing Persia directly. And if it's not, if the British

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Speaker 2: aren't directly running the government. Most Persians sure as hell

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Speaker 2: think they are. At this point in time. Right at

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Speaker 2: the end of World War One, the Bolsheviks had published

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Speaker 2: a bunch of documents that they'd seized from the Tsar's

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Speaker 2: palace revealing secret wartime pacts. And one of these secret

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Speaker 2: wartime pacts was Britain offering Russia the Dardanels in exchange

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Speaker 2: for giving Britain Persia. Right, so this comes out and

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Speaker 2: people in Tehran, educated Persians are obviously like, oh so,

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Speaker 2: like they they just bought us. Basically, they bribed the

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Speaker 2: Czar for us, and they think they own our entire

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Speaker 2: ass country now. And this helps spawn massive resistance to

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Speaker 2: this treaty that Secretary Curzon has put together. Initially, Curzon

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Speaker 2: is not all that concerned. He states the case will

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Speaker 2: be settled by cash, and then he proceeds to organize

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Speaker 2: one hundred and thirty one thousand pound bribe to the

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Speaker 2: three man triumvirate governing Persia on behalf of the Shah.

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Speaker 2: These three guys agree to the bribe, and Kurzon, being

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Speaker 2: a genius, is said to have declared the treaty a

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Speaker 2: great triumph, and I have done it all alone, like.

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Speaker 3: Great Brandy.

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Speaker 2: He's like, so we're gonna we're gonna tax these people

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Speaker 2: to build an army to protect our oil basically and

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Speaker 2: to keep them oppressed. And the people are like, we

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Speaker 2: don't like that, and he's like, but I bribed three men,

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Speaker 2: solving the problem forever all on my own. But unfortunately

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Speaker 2: for Kurzon, that damned free press I mentioned earlier got

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Speaker 2: to work and they reported on the fact that Persia's

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Speaker 2: growing try It had sold the country for a song.

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Speaker 2: Next per Brysex article, the treaty was broocked by the

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Speaker 2: Mosleys and three successive Persian prime ministers fell. So basically,

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Speaker 2: three successive governments failed to gain whatever they need to

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Speaker 2: do in the parliament to be able to govern as

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Speaker 2: a result of resistance to this treaty, which gets it

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Speaker 2: blocked in Tehran. Now this causes chaos because the British

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Speaker 2: are this is fucked up of them, But also British

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Speaker 2: money and guns is the only thing propping this government

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Speaker 2: up at the time, right, so when the treaty gets blocked,

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Speaker 2: things aren't just like good.

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Speaker 3: You know that could from that peacock throne they could

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Speaker 3: sell then it looks like.

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Speaker 2: It's worth the money. Yeah yeah, so chaos envelops the

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Speaker 2: capital city and back home in London, the lords of

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Speaker 2: the Admiralty are really have real reason to fear that

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Speaker 2: they might lose their hookup to cheap gas. Now, Curzon

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Speaker 2: had basically been like, the fuck around and pretend we

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Speaker 2: care about international log Like he's bribing these dudes, but

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Speaker 2: he's trying to frame it as like a legal treaty

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Speaker 2: in an agreement between states. And since Operation Bride three

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Speaker 2: Guys failed, all eyes turned to one of the top

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Speaker 2: ranking generals in the Royal Army Field, Marshal William Edmund Ironside,

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Speaker 2: who was referred to as the Lord Ironside, a name

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Speaker 2: George Lucas would laugh at you for giving to a

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Speaker 2: character in a fictional story.

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Speaker 3: Like the Lord. Okay, we get it much.

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Speaker 2: It's he was also nicknamed Tiny William Tiny Ironside.

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Speaker 3: Ironside. That's pretty amazing.

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Speaker 2: It's gonna suck to being born with that cooler name

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Speaker 2: and like knowing you're going to be a military leader,

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Speaker 2: but also being a little guy, like because people are

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Speaker 2: gonna call you tiny, Like Tiny Ironside is just less

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Speaker 2: cool than the Lord iron Side.

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Speaker 3: With that name, your options are limited. You're like, if

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Speaker 3: you're an iron.

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Speaker 2: Size, you can only be in the military. He doesn't

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Speaker 2: care for joining the army.

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Speaker 3: Or you could be an actor from Starship Troopers and

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Speaker 3: that's it. Those are your two editions.

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Speaker 2: That's it. That's right. And unfortunately Starship Troopers had not

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Speaker 2: quite been invented yet. We we we had barely harnessed

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Speaker 2: the technology to create Paul Verhoven at that point, you know,

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Speaker 2: he was he was still just stating, I believe.

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Speaker 3: So.

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Speaker 2: The best way I can describe the Lord Ironside physically,

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Speaker 2: if you're not looking at you know, the video version

387
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Speaker 2: of this because most people listen to it because it's

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Speaker 2: a podcast, the best way I can describe him is

389
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Speaker 2: that he had the face of a man who didn't

390
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Speaker 2: understand why other nations beside England should exist, Like like,

391
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Speaker 2: look at this guy's face, Like that is a face

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Speaker 2: of confusion that there are other countries.

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Speaker 3: What are they doing? Look at them with the brown

394
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Speaker 3: the country smells coming off their food food.

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Speaker 2: It's not all was there My British rib was going

396
00:21:03,119 --> 00:21:06,359
Speaker 2: everywhere there. I think you're more consistent than me.

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Speaker 1: He's got Lord mount Batton energy.

398
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Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, he does. He has strong the iration have

399
00:21:13,359 --> 00:21:15,520
Speaker 2: blown up a both. This guy was on energy. That's

400
00:21:15,560 --> 00:21:17,920
Speaker 2: what I'll say about this fucker, although he has bad

401
00:21:18,040 --> 00:21:21,480
Speaker 2: luck with planes not boats. So, Ironside had been made

402
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Speaker 2: commander of the Allied Intervention Force in Northern Russia during

403
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Speaker 2: the Russian Civil War, and he had been reassigned to

404
00:21:27,359 --> 00:21:30,280
Speaker 2: Persia in nineteen twenty one, and basically as soon as

405
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Speaker 2: he arrives in country, he sees Colonel Khan or Reza

406
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Speaker 2: at the time, right, and he spots this guy, and

407
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,480
Speaker 2: he's like, this dude looks like a good person to

408
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Speaker 2: charm and put in position as like a military strong man.

409
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Speaker 2: That might be what happened, or Resa might have looked

410
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Speaker 2: at this guy and immediately been like, all right, this

411
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Speaker 2: is the British dude I need to charm, right. I

412
00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:56,320
Speaker 2: don't actually know which is truer. There are two different versions,

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Speaker 2: one of which is that Ironside manipulates Reza because he

414
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Speaker 2: needs a guy. The other is that Resin manipulates Ironside

415
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Speaker 2: because it gets him what it wants. I think probably

416
00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:08,160
Speaker 2: both are true. Both guys see each other as useful, right.

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Speaker 3: That's the typical narrative about Resion is that he was

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Speaker 3: not extraordinarily bright, not well resident mentioned, but he did.

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Speaker 3: He did have a sense for power, and it's really good. Yes, yeah,

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Speaker 3: and he could root out sort of a little bit

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Speaker 3: of Oh, this dude seems to be like a good

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Speaker 3: you know, ship took my you know whatever, I don't know,

423
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Speaker 3: the saying hook my ship to or whatever. What's the

424
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Speaker 3: worst again, sale, I don't know.

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Speaker 2: Good, but probably pitch his boat to or whatever. That's right,

426
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Speaker 2: tie his horse to. I don't know, but this, I

427
00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:44,639
Speaker 2: think this is good. That is a good point about

428
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Speaker 2: Like I try to make this point often about what

429
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Speaker 2: intelligence is, because there's a bunch of climate scientists out there,

430
00:22:51,359 --> 00:22:53,400
Speaker 2: and any one of them is smarter than Donald Trump

431
00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:56,280
Speaker 2: in a million ways. But Donald Trump is smarter than

432
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Speaker 2: all of them at how you acquire power in a

433
00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:02,320
Speaker 2: democratic society and use it for your own benefit. Now,

434
00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:04,399
Speaker 2: part of why he's smarter at that is that he

435
00:23:04,440 --> 00:23:08,440
Speaker 2: has absolutely normal scruples whatsoever. But he's completely negated many

436
00:23:08,440 --> 00:23:10,960
Speaker 2: people's life's work who are much smarter than him because

437
00:23:10,960 --> 00:23:13,320
Speaker 2: he has that kind of intelligence. And Reza Khan is

438
00:23:13,320 --> 00:23:15,919
Speaker 2: also that kind of guy. He can't read. He's not

439
00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:20,680
Speaker 2: super bright in that way, but He's incredibly intelligent socially,

440
00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:23,240
Speaker 2: and he is very good at making every British guy

441
00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:26,600
Speaker 2: he meets love him. And that's all that matters in

442
00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:28,840
Speaker 2: Persian politics at this point in time.

443
00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:30,560
Speaker 3: And that's what my wagon to.

444
00:23:31,720 --> 00:23:33,640
Speaker 2: My wagon too. I can't believe none of us could

445
00:23:33,640 --> 00:23:38,520
Speaker 2: fucking figure. And there is evidence that the Lord Ironside

446
00:23:38,560 --> 00:23:42,040
Speaker 2: Tiny is charmed by Reza. He describes him upon meeting

447
00:23:42,119 --> 00:23:44,520
Speaker 2: him as quote a man and the straightest I have

448
00:23:44,640 --> 00:23:47,200
Speaker 2: met yet, the real life and soul of the show.

449
00:23:49,160 --> 00:23:51,479
Speaker 2: He doesn't mean that in like a sexual sentiment. It

450
00:23:51,520 --> 00:23:53,680
Speaker 2: is funny to be like, that's the straightest man I've

451
00:23:53,680 --> 00:23:57,040
Speaker 2: met yet. Almost is like, and I've been fucking my

452
00:23:57,160 --> 00:23:59,359
Speaker 2: way through this country too, so I can tell a

453
00:23:59,400 --> 00:23:59,920
Speaker 2: straight one.

454
00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:05,400
Speaker 3: It's funny too, because, like you know, when Reza Hahn

455
00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:08,679
Speaker 3: is raising his son, Mohammed Reza, which goes on to

456
00:24:08,720 --> 00:24:10,480
Speaker 3: be the shaw that people think of as a shaw

457
00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:11,639
Speaker 3: in modern time.

458
00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:13,520
Speaker 2: Will say the shaw they're talking about this guy's son.

459
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:17,480
Speaker 3: Yes, when he's raising him, he is he there's like

460
00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:21,199
Speaker 3: no emotional connection there of any kind. Absolutely, he doesn't.

461
00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:23,760
Speaker 3: He treats him as a subordinate because he was one

462
00:24:23,840 --> 00:24:25,800
Speaker 3: of these old school dudes who is under the belief

463
00:24:25,800 --> 00:24:28,919
Speaker 3: that showing your son affection would make them gay. That

464
00:24:29,080 --> 00:24:30,640
Speaker 3: was like, that was his whole.

465
00:24:30,440 --> 00:24:34,120
Speaker 2: Bag absolutely well. And again, to be fair, his mom

466
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:37,560
Speaker 2: abandons him after her husband dies when he's eight months old,

467
00:24:37,600 --> 00:24:39,280
Speaker 2: to be like, go, I'm gonna try again with a

468
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:39,720
Speaker 2: new family.

469
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,760
Speaker 3: Sorry. Yeah, yeah, his uncle probably wasn't great either, me

470
00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:44,879
Speaker 3: if we're like, I'm sure his uncle was not like

471
00:24:44,920 --> 00:24:46,080
Speaker 3: a super enlightening guy.

472
00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:50,119
Speaker 2: You know, this kid's first healthy relationship is with a

473
00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:56,120
Speaker 2: machine gun. Like, it's not shocking. He becomes the man

474
00:24:56,160 --> 00:25:00,080
Speaker 2: he is. You know who else had a healthy relationship

475
00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:01,800
Speaker 2: with automatic weaponry?

476
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:04,439
Speaker 3: Hello, fresh, I hear they?

477
00:25:04,960 --> 00:25:06,040
Speaker 2: Oh yet they love them?

478
00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:08,200
Speaker 3: Oh my god them. Can't genough of them.

479
00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:11,040
Speaker 2: They own a lot of machine guns, a shocking number.

480
00:25:11,080 --> 00:25:21,639
Speaker 2: Why we can't tell you by their product. And we're back,

481
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:25,199
Speaker 2: so we just let that happen. Huh okay, cool, so

482
00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:30,639
Speaker 2: uh yeah, good stuff. So Resicon, as we've noted, was

483
00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:33,760
Speaker 2: you know, not a bright guy in a lot of ways.

484
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:37,640
Speaker 2: But he's very well liked by British people, particularly by

485
00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:41,719
Speaker 2: the Lord Ironside, who promotes Reza to brigadier general and

486
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:44,840
Speaker 2: makes him commander of the Cossack brigade in nineteen twenty one.

487
00:25:45,280 --> 00:25:47,600
Speaker 2: He sits down with the newly minted general and the

488
00:25:47,640 --> 00:25:51,000
Speaker 2: British officer acting as paymaster for the local Persian forces,

489
00:25:51,200 --> 00:25:54,119
Speaker 2: and he tells both men Britain won't stop him if

490
00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:56,320
Speaker 2: he sees his power. Basically, he sits down with these

491
00:25:56,359 --> 00:25:58,840
Speaker 2: guys and he's like, look, if you want to take

492
00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:01,800
Speaker 2: control of the country, we won't do anything as long

493
00:26:01,840 --> 00:26:05,560
Speaker 2: as you don't depose the current Shaw. Right, that guy's

494
00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:09,119
Speaker 2: technically our friend. So I'll keep Ahmed Shaws. Is that

495
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,840
Speaker 2: the current Shaw's name? Keep Ahmed Shah the Shah? But

496
00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:13,959
Speaker 2: you can't do anything else you want, right Basically, and

497
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:16,840
Speaker 2: Res is like, hey, bro, sounds cool to me. You know,

498
00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:19,320
Speaker 2: I'll take that deal any day of the week. And

499
00:26:19,359 --> 00:26:20,240
Speaker 2: he takes that deal.

500
00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:22,760
Speaker 3: Right. Is that the twelve year old? Is it that

501
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:25,280
Speaker 3: the Ahmed Shaw is the twelve year old Shaw? Are

502
00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:26,600
Speaker 3: we onto a different show now?

503
00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:29,560
Speaker 2: I mean he starts as twelve, He's not twelve.

504
00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:33,040
Speaker 3: I recognize that people don't stay the age that when

505
00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:34,320
Speaker 3: you meet them, you know, yeah.

506
00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:36,240
Speaker 2: Yeah, but yes he is that kid. That's how he

507
00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:42,040
Speaker 2: gains power initially, right, Yeah, So Ironside is like, hey, man,

508
00:26:42,320 --> 00:26:43,960
Speaker 2: if you want to be in charge, just don't depose

509
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:46,320
Speaker 2: the sha. We'll back your play. And then he let goes,

510
00:26:46,560 --> 00:26:49,639
Speaker 2: claps his hands together, wipes them off, and leaves the

511
00:26:49,640 --> 00:26:53,160
Speaker 2: fucking country for Egypt. He's just gone right, He sets

512
00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:56,640
Speaker 2: up the dominoes and he fucking bounces so. Not long

513
00:26:56,680 --> 00:26:59,800
Speaker 2: after he leaves, on February twentieth, Resa marches a column

514
00:26:59,840 --> 00:27:03,640
Speaker 2: of six hundred men six hundred cossacks towards the undefended capital.

515
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:06,760
Speaker 2: All other military forces in the local police were ordered

516
00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:09,159
Speaker 2: to stay inside and keep their goddamn mouth shut. And

517
00:27:09,560 --> 00:27:12,600
Speaker 2: the coup that follows isn't totally peaceful, but it's like

518
00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:17,760
Speaker 2: a fairly minimal amount of bloodshed for a coup detta, right,

519
00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:20,640
Speaker 2: but it is a coup d'ta now. Depending on which

520
00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:23,760
Speaker 2: historians you like best, Reza Khan is either a bold

521
00:27:23,760 --> 00:27:26,200
Speaker 2: opportunist who execute his own coup with a little help

522
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:28,920
Speaker 2: from his British friends. Beside their promise not to intervene,

523
00:27:28,920 --> 00:27:31,359
Speaker 2: they don't do much other than not stop him. And

524
00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:32,919
Speaker 2: the other way to look at this is that Reza

525
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:34,920
Speaker 2: is a total pawn of the Brits, a chess piece

526
00:27:34,960 --> 00:27:37,520
Speaker 2: maneuvered into position by the Lord Ironside to block the

527
00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:40,240
Speaker 2: Reds and keep the Royal Navy fueled. I'd never want

528
00:27:40,240 --> 00:27:42,919
Speaker 2: to argue for a reduced British culpability in all of this.

529
00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:45,359
Speaker 2: But if Ironside was the mastermind here, he was a

530
00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:47,920
Speaker 2: very hands off one, because as soon as he leaves

531
00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:51,280
Speaker 2: Iran for Egypt, he's grievously wounded in a plane crash,

532
00:27:51,440 --> 00:27:54,400
Speaker 2: and he's like recuperating in the hospital while the Khan

533
00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:59,800
Speaker 2: overthrows the government and takes power right Princeton historian Richard Olman,

534
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:02,720
Speaker 2: it is idle to speculate upon whether or not he

535
00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:05,359
Speaker 2: would eventually have come to power had Ironside not singled

536
00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:07,280
Speaker 2: him out. But it is clear that Ironside and his

537
00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:10,639
Speaker 2: British colleagues were largely instrumental in placing Resicon in a

538
00:28:10,680 --> 00:28:13,000
Speaker 2: position to bring about the coup at Dah, and I

539
00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:15,920
Speaker 2: think that's accurate. Resiicon doesn't need much help from them

540
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:18,800
Speaker 2: other than backing out right. He's got the guys and

541
00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:20,760
Speaker 2: the guns to do this, and he has a skill

542
00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:24,359
Speaker 2: for building an army. He's going to very effectively get

543
00:28:24,400 --> 00:28:27,800
Speaker 2: more guys and more guns because he doesn't have enough

544
00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:30,239
Speaker 2: at the start of this to control much more than

545
00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:30,840
Speaker 2: the capital.

546
00:28:30,960 --> 00:28:31,160
Speaker 3: Right.

547
00:28:31,640 --> 00:28:34,000
Speaker 2: Once he takes power in the capitol, he still has

548
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:36,879
Speaker 2: a lot of shit to do, and there's a year's

549
00:28:36,960 --> 00:28:39,520
Speaker 2: long road before he becomes the Shaw. He's not the

550
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:44,040
Speaker 2: Shaw after this coup. He's technically the War Minister for Persia,

551
00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:46,760
Speaker 2: which is a new position that makes him the commander

552
00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:49,560
Speaker 2: in chief of the military but also lets him basically

553
00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:52,280
Speaker 2: pick his own prime minister. And here's how he looks

554
00:28:52,320 --> 00:28:53,840
Speaker 2: at the time. By the way, this is like how

555
00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:56,360
Speaker 2: he looks when he's Minister of War for the country.

556
00:28:57,240 --> 00:29:01,520
Speaker 2: Great mustache. It must be said. Everyone was wearing hats

557
00:29:01,560 --> 00:29:03,640
Speaker 2: like that back then. I don't know why, but they

558
00:29:03,640 --> 00:29:05,760
Speaker 2: do look that. One does look comfortable. I love it.

559
00:29:06,560 --> 00:29:09,160
Speaker 3: I love a pretty baller cossack cat.

560
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:11,800
Speaker 2: Those like shackos or whatever don't normally look that cozy

561
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 2: like his looks like it's knitted together at a wool.

562
00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:17,680
Speaker 3: He's got this like sneer sort of thing down. Pretty

563
00:29:17,680 --> 00:29:18,680
Speaker 3: good like smirk.

564
00:29:18,560 --> 00:29:21,960
Speaker 2: Yes, pretty good sneer of cold command. That Ramsey's look. Yeah, Yeah,

565
00:29:21,960 --> 00:29:22,960
Speaker 2: he's got it knocked down.

566
00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:24,840
Speaker 1: I love that so stunning.

567
00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:28,440
Speaker 3: Yeah, my people's eyebrow game has been strong forever.

568
00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:34,040
Speaker 2: Yeah, those those brows power acts fact, so all Resa

569
00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:36,440
Speaker 2: needs to do now at this point is in the

570
00:29:36,440 --> 00:29:39,920
Speaker 2: war with the Soviets and defeat his numerous local rivals,

571
00:29:39,960 --> 00:29:42,280
Speaker 2: most of whom are major tribal leaders who had gotten

572
00:29:42,320 --> 00:29:45,120
Speaker 2: These are the guys that the oil company APOC is

573
00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:49,200
Speaker 2: paying right like those local leaders are his now his

574
00:29:49,320 --> 00:29:52,560
Speaker 2: main rivals for power as well as like the Soviets.

575
00:29:54,080 --> 00:29:56,280
Speaker 2: So great Britain sends him a friend right around this

576
00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:58,120
Speaker 2: time to help him out, you know, now that he's

577
00:29:58,160 --> 00:30:01,160
Speaker 2: newly the Minister of War and this into a British diplomat,

578
00:30:01,320 --> 00:30:05,000
Speaker 2: so Percy Lorraine. Now, Persia is not seen as a

579
00:30:05,040 --> 00:30:07,720
Speaker 2: great place to be a British diplomat at this point

580
00:30:07,760 --> 00:30:10,040
Speaker 2: in time. It's kind of like a career death sentence

581
00:30:10,080 --> 00:30:12,920
Speaker 2: because things have not gone great for a couple generations

582
00:30:12,920 --> 00:30:16,320
Speaker 2: of British diplomats here. It's been messy for them. Percy's

583
00:30:16,320 --> 00:30:19,760
Speaker 2: not the Empire's best. He is smart, but he's also awkward,

584
00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:22,120
Speaker 2: and he's bad at being social or at editing his

585
00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:24,520
Speaker 2: own dispatches down into something people would want to read.

586
00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:28,360
Speaker 2: His coworkers nickname him ponderous Percy, which is a huge,

587
00:30:28,680 --> 00:30:34,160
Speaker 2: huge burn to British people. So basically the names these

588
00:30:34,280 --> 00:30:38,240
Speaker 2: names are and tiny Ironside.

589
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:39,880
Speaker 3: Get more British as the story goes along.

590
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:43,800
Speaker 2: Right, So this shy book whem dude is supposed to

591
00:30:43,800 --> 00:30:47,680
Speaker 2: be like the liaison to Reza, and he immediately falls

592
00:30:47,720 --> 00:30:51,280
Speaker 2: for this handsome and heroic seeming fucking machine gunner who's

593
00:30:51,360 --> 00:30:54,440
Speaker 2: just made himself the Shah and all but name right,

594
00:30:54,560 --> 00:30:58,000
Speaker 2: just like Ironside, Rezza sums this guy up and charms

595
00:30:58,040 --> 00:31:02,040
Speaker 2: him immediately and writes back to his boss curs On.

596
00:31:02,640 --> 00:31:04,480
Speaker 2: He gets straight to what he has to say and

597
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:07,280
Speaker 2: does not waste time in exchanging the delicately phrased but

598
00:31:07,320 --> 00:31:10,320
Speaker 2: perfectly feudal compliments, So dear to the Persian heart and

599
00:31:10,440 --> 00:31:14,000
Speaker 2: ignorant and un educated man. Nevertheless, he betrays no awkwardness

600
00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:17,800
Speaker 2: of manner nor self consciousness. He has considerable natural dignity,

601
00:31:17,960 --> 00:31:20,640
Speaker 2: and neither his speech nor his features reveal any absence

602
00:31:20,640 --> 00:31:23,880
Speaker 2: of self control. So that's how he's described by Lorrain.

603
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:27,240
Speaker 3: I have to say, he is in some ways so

604
00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:31,960
Speaker 3: atypical for a Persian man, from like not wanting to

605
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:36,320
Speaker 3: show his kid's love to like not using flowery poetry,

606
00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:40,440
Speaker 3: like especially this age, every and like every older Persian

607
00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:44,560
Speaker 3: man fancies himself a poet, like the the language itself

608
00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:48,440
Speaker 3: is so flowery, like you say, like instead of saying

609
00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:51,960
Speaker 3: I miss you, you say my heart tightens for you.

610
00:31:52,280 --> 00:31:55,120
Speaker 3: Instead of saying like, uh, you know, we wish you

611
00:31:55,120 --> 00:31:57,520
Speaker 3: were here, it's we kept the space for you. It's empty,

612
00:31:57,720 --> 00:31:59,480
Speaker 3: you know, we have all these like flowery little bits

613
00:31:59,480 --> 00:32:03,080
Speaker 3: of landue. This guy is so like the opposite of that.

614
00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:06,240
Speaker 3: That's what's so interesting about him. He's so a typically Persian.

615
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:09,560
Speaker 2: And it's it's both because I mean, partly he's he's

616
00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:14,040
Speaker 2: only half Persian, right like his mom is Caucasian, probably

617
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:19,480
Speaker 2: arm but he's he's probably he's not raised the way

618
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:22,360
Speaker 2: like I mean, he's certainly not raised in a traditional

619
00:32:22,400 --> 00:32:25,200
Speaker 2: Persian family at all. He's almost basically an orphan, right

620
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:28,320
Speaker 2: like he's he's so he doesn't have and I think

621
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:30,320
Speaker 2: part one of the things that results in is that,

622
00:32:30,960 --> 00:32:33,760
Speaker 2: unlike a lot of other people who have stuff like

623
00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:37,600
Speaker 2: art to learn and culture and family that matter to them,

624
00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:40,760
Speaker 2: all he thinks about is power. It's the only concern

625
00:32:40,800 --> 00:32:44,440
Speaker 2: in his mind. His entire life is gaining and taking power, right,

626
00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:47,080
Speaker 2: And guys like that tend to be the ones who

627
00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:49,840
Speaker 2: gain and take power in situations like this because it's

628
00:32:49,880 --> 00:32:53,720
Speaker 2: all they think about. Yeah, cool, good stuff.

629
00:32:53,560 --> 00:32:55,800
Speaker 3: Just like podcasting in medical step.

630
00:32:55,720 --> 00:33:00,200
Speaker 2: Just like podcasting. Yeah. So Lorraine uses what influence he

631
00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:03,040
Speaker 2: has to convince his superiors to advance Reza enough money

632
00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:05,760
Speaker 2: to fund an army of eighteen thousand men. He also

633
00:33:05,960 --> 00:33:08,520
Speaker 2: argues that Reza should be the one that the British

634
00:33:08,560 --> 00:33:11,840
Speaker 2: back over several local shakes and cons who'd previously worked

635
00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:15,320
Speaker 2: with Anglo Persian oil. General Ironside also helped his friend

636
00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:18,120
Speaker 2: machine Gun Resa, filing a report with the British War

637
00:33:18,160 --> 00:33:21,680
Speaker 2: Office that promised Resa would quote solve many difficulties and

638
00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:24,719
Speaker 2: enable us to depart in peace and honor. Basically, if

639
00:33:24,720 --> 00:33:27,200
Speaker 2: we let this guy be in charge, he'll build an

640
00:33:27,280 --> 00:33:29,840
Speaker 2: army that works and we won't have to We can

641
00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:31,600
Speaker 2: leave and we won't have to be ashamed. We won't

642
00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:34,200
Speaker 2: like leave like we did Afghanistan. Just like getting beat

643
00:33:34,240 --> 00:33:36,800
Speaker 2: out right, and we can keep getting our oil right.

644
00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:40,520
Speaker 2: That's the argument Ironside's making. So it takes about two

645
00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:44,040
Speaker 2: years of fighting in the heartland of Persia for Reza

646
00:33:44,120 --> 00:33:46,400
Speaker 2: to take a hold of this chaotk situation, to beat

647
00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:50,560
Speaker 2: back his rivals and to restore a form of order

648
00:33:50,680 --> 00:33:53,720
Speaker 2: or take i should say power right over the rest

649
00:33:53,720 --> 00:33:56,720
Speaker 2: of the country outside of the capitol. Now the pretense

650
00:33:56,720 --> 00:34:00,719
Speaker 2: of a constitutional regime still exists. But Resu's prime minister

651
00:34:01,080 --> 00:34:03,680
Speaker 2: is like, well, now that you're the commander in chief,

652
00:34:03,680 --> 00:34:05,880
Speaker 2: that's a civilian job. You have to retire from your

653
00:34:05,880 --> 00:34:09,279
Speaker 2: military job and leading the Cossack brigade, right, and res

654
00:34:09,400 --> 00:34:11,920
Speaker 2: is like, no, I'm going to keep my private army. Obviously,

655
00:34:11,960 --> 00:34:13,960
Speaker 2: you never give up your private army. You never give

656
00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:16,160
Speaker 2: up your uniform if you want to be dictator. Right,

657
00:34:16,360 --> 00:34:17,600
Speaker 2: that's a bad idea, right there.

658
00:34:17,719 --> 00:34:20,879
Speaker 3: Yeah, that's right, keeping that sucker on more medals on it,

659
00:34:21,160 --> 00:34:22,760
Speaker 3: more and more medals. Yeah.

660
00:34:22,960 --> 00:34:27,279
Speaker 2: And once this happens, basically everyone in the government realizes like, well,

661
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:29,799
Speaker 2: this guy's the Shaw in all but name, you know.

662
00:34:30,400 --> 00:34:32,960
Speaker 2: So after he returns in like nineteen twenty three to

663
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:34,600
Speaker 2: the Capitol at the head of an army that had

664
00:34:34,640 --> 00:34:38,680
Speaker 2: at least been semi victorious, Cohn was appointed prime minister himself.

665
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:41,759
Speaker 2: Now he's still bound by a pinky swear not to

666
00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:45,359
Speaker 2: overthrow Ahmed Shah. But somehow Ahmed got the idea that

667
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:47,719
Speaker 2: life in Persia might not be safe for him with

668
00:34:47,840 --> 00:34:55,200
Speaker 2: the Reza in charge for looming monster machine gun lover. Yes, right, yes,

669
00:34:56,840 --> 00:34:59,160
Speaker 2: So he flees to Europe, where he spends the remainder

670
00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:01,640
Speaker 2: of his life In next right now, Resa has at

671
00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:04,520
Speaker 2: this point they've basically made a kind of peace. You

672
00:35:04,560 --> 00:35:06,960
Speaker 2: know that things have been settled enough with the Soviets

673
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:10,279
Speaker 2: that they're not worried about that taking about like communists

674
00:35:10,320 --> 00:35:13,319
Speaker 2: taking over the rest of Persia. And Resa sits down

675
00:35:13,360 --> 00:35:16,000
Speaker 2: with the Parliament and says basically, hey, have you guys

676
00:35:16,040 --> 00:35:18,560
Speaker 2: noticed I have all the guns? And Parliament says you

677
00:35:18,640 --> 00:35:20,800
Speaker 2: sure do, Resa, how do you like to be dictator

678
00:35:20,800 --> 00:35:24,080
Speaker 2: for life? And he says that sounds dope and an.

679
00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:24,920
Speaker 3: Ontobi of id.

680
00:35:26,239 --> 00:35:28,600
Speaker 2: I'm smoothing some things over. But in October of nineteen

681
00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:31,719
Speaker 2: twenty three, he was appointed His Serene Highness and King

682
00:35:31,760 --> 00:35:35,200
Speaker 2: of Kings, although again he's not the Shah yet. In fact,

683
00:35:35,520 --> 00:35:38,760
Speaker 2: Resid debates briefly after this point what kind of government

684
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:41,440
Speaker 2: should he impose upon his newly won land. Per the

685
00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:45,200
Speaker 2: World Policy Journal, Resa Khan had toyed with proclaiming a republic,

686
00:35:45,360 --> 00:35:47,920
Speaker 2: following the example of Kamal At a Turk, the Turkish

687
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:50,560
Speaker 2: soldier reformer. He sought to emulate the King of kings,

688
00:35:50,560 --> 00:35:53,200
Speaker 2: claim to be a reluctant monarch, only agreeing to ascend

689
00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:55,640
Speaker 2: the throne at the urging of the Ulima or Mullas,

690
00:35:55,640 --> 00:35:58,400
Speaker 2: who thought that conservative Persia would fare better with a

691
00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:01,560
Speaker 2: shah than with a democracy. At the time, royal titles

692
00:36:01,600 --> 00:36:04,040
Speaker 2: were very much in the desert air, hence King Faisal

693
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:07,560
Speaker 2: of Iraq. So he chose the peacock throne, right, So

694
00:36:08,040 --> 00:36:10,360
Speaker 2: he picks being a king as opposed to being like

695
00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:12,879
Speaker 2: a president, who would have been the same as a shaw.

696
00:36:13,080 --> 00:36:15,680
Speaker 2: He would have actually given up power. But he decides, well,

697
00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:19,960
Speaker 2: I'll just make myself basically king, right, So he's yeah, it.

698
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,680
Speaker 3: Is interesting that he he goes and he tries to

699
00:36:23,719 --> 00:36:26,880
Speaker 3: connect with the Turkish leader and is seeing what's happening

700
00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:28,719
Speaker 3: in Turkey at this time because.

701
00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:30,040
Speaker 2: He loves at a Turk.

702
00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:32,960
Speaker 3: Yeah, I'm sure he sees like a strong guy who's

703
00:36:33,440 --> 00:36:37,920
Speaker 3: maybe modernizing Turkey at that point to do that, but

704
00:36:38,320 --> 00:36:40,640
Speaker 3: it seems like, and you'll know better than me, but

705
00:36:40,680 --> 00:36:42,879
Speaker 3: I feel like he's not the politician to do that,

706
00:36:42,960 --> 00:36:46,520
Speaker 3: he's not the leader to do it. The same with

707
00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:49,719
Speaker 3: the same sort of clarity that the Turkish at a

708
00:36:49,760 --> 00:36:50,360
Speaker 3: Turk would do.

709
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:53,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, no, and he's not nearly as as bright at

710
00:36:53,520 --> 00:36:56,960
Speaker 2: a Turk was interested in actually building a functional state, right,

711
00:36:57,239 --> 00:36:59,759
Speaker 2: the Shaw is primarily interested in getting as much out

712
00:36:59,800 --> 00:37:02,560
Speaker 2: of Iran of like he wants to rob it blind, right, Like,

713
00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,239
Speaker 2: that's why he's in the He wants to be the Shah.

714
00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:08,280
Speaker 2: And it takes him bout a year of badgering Parliament,

715
00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:11,279
Speaker 2: but he succeeds in convincing them to formally depose the

716
00:37:11,320 --> 00:37:15,560
Speaker 2: old Shah and make him the new Shaw. And almost

717
00:37:15,640 --> 00:37:18,359
Speaker 2: as soon as as that becomes his job and we'll

718
00:37:18,360 --> 00:37:21,879
Speaker 2: talk about the actual process of crowning him, Reza Khan

719
00:37:22,080 --> 00:37:25,520
Speaker 2: changes his name to Resa Shah Pelavi. Now this is

720
00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:29,120
Speaker 2: inauspicious change. During the ancients, as you know, during the

721
00:37:29,760 --> 00:37:32,960
Speaker 2: Sassanid Empire, which dominated a lot of the Middle East

722
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,239
Speaker 2: and North Africa except for the bulk of the land

723
00:37:35,320 --> 00:37:37,440
Speaker 2: mass of the Arabian Peninsula that it's like a lot

724
00:37:37,440 --> 00:37:41,040
Speaker 2: of the coast. The language by most that most Persians

725
00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:44,040
Speaker 2: spoke they was called Pallavi, right like, that was the

726
00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:48,080
Speaker 2: term for it. And Reza changed his name like he

727
00:37:48,200 --> 00:37:50,799
Speaker 2: does this, Like the reason he does this is what

728
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:53,880
Speaker 2: Mehdi a Lavi and Attoul Sing, writing for The Fair Observer,

729
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:57,279
Speaker 2: call a very clever public relations stunt. He's basically making

730
00:37:57,320 --> 00:38:02,560
Speaker 2: a nationalist pitch to like Persians saying like hey, or

731
00:38:02,680 --> 00:38:06,279
Speaker 2: I mean specifically to like Iranian Persians, saying like I

732
00:38:06,320 --> 00:38:08,399
Speaker 2: am going to be your leader and this is going

733
00:38:08,440 --> 00:38:11,400
Speaker 2: to be your country as opposed to these other groups

734
00:38:11,440 --> 00:38:13,880
Speaker 2: of people who currently live here, right, Like, that's the

735
00:38:14,360 --> 00:38:15,239
Speaker 2: pitch that he's made.

736
00:38:15,880 --> 00:38:19,319
Speaker 3: Was great branding, This whole thing was great brand Yeah,

737
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:22,120
Speaker 3: changing the name and then he goes on to i mean,

738
00:38:22,160 --> 00:38:24,880
Speaker 3: his son actually goes on change the name of the

739
00:38:24,920 --> 00:38:28,400
Speaker 3: Anglo Iranian or Anglo Persian oil company to Anglo.

740
00:38:28,960 --> 00:38:30,239
Speaker 2: Yeah, well we'll talk about that.

741
00:38:30,520 --> 00:38:33,719
Speaker 3: Yes, good brand they're good at branding, especially the father.

742
00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:37,799
Speaker 2: There's solid branding. Yeah, it's yeah, it's lasted to this

743
00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:39,960
Speaker 2: day some of the branding they did, and there's there's

744
00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:41,360
Speaker 2: a lot of this stuff. So in their book, The

745
00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:45,440
Speaker 2: shah A bos Malani writes that prior to obtaining total power,

746
00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:49,040
Speaker 2: Reza began playing at piety in front or really we

747
00:38:49,080 --> 00:38:51,160
Speaker 2: talked about this a bit. He'd always kind of been

748
00:38:51,239 --> 00:38:54,560
Speaker 2: like the enforcer, like religiously that had been he'd gained

749
00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:57,000
Speaker 2: a religious like a reputation for that. He likes being

750
00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:00,600
Speaker 2: in good with the Chiaid clergy, and he really ups

751
00:39:00,600 --> 00:39:03,680
Speaker 2: that during the years when he's like, you know, in

752
00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:06,719
Speaker 2: charge but not yet the Shaw quote, he participated in

753
00:39:06,760 --> 00:39:09,600
Speaker 2: religious mourning processions and like the most pious of the mourners,

754
00:39:09,640 --> 00:39:11,960
Speaker 2: he beat his chest and brust his forehead in the

755
00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:14,160
Speaker 2: top of his head with ashes of sorrow and grief.

756
00:39:14,400 --> 00:39:17,080
Speaker 2: Not long after he was crowned, Resashaw would change course

757
00:39:17,080 --> 00:39:19,640
Speaker 2: and begin a carefully planned policy of limiting the power

758
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:23,799
Speaker 2: and role of the clergy in Iran. So he's this

759
00:39:23,840 --> 00:39:25,400
Speaker 2: is going to be a pattern for him. The people

760
00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:27,440
Speaker 2: that he needs to get to power he's going to

761
00:39:27,440 --> 00:39:30,440
Speaker 2: fuck over fairly quickly, and that does include the clergy,

762
00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:33,080
Speaker 2: and there will be Titanic. You can tie the fact

763
00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:36,160
Speaker 2: that the clergy are in charge in Iran today to

764
00:39:36,680 --> 00:39:39,040
Speaker 2: his decision to fuck the clergy and some of the

765
00:39:39,080 --> 00:39:41,560
Speaker 2: things he does as a result of that. Right, we're

766
00:39:41,560 --> 00:39:43,759
Speaker 2: going to talk about all of this. There's really long

767
00:39:43,800 --> 00:39:48,440
Speaker 2: reaching consequences to this, but nobody calls his bullshit at

768
00:39:48,440 --> 00:39:51,520
Speaker 2: the time. Right, everyone's fooled by well not everyone's fooled

769
00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:55,040
Speaker 2: by resist charm actually Alavian Singh note in their piece

770
00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:58,440
Speaker 2: for The Fair Observer. Not everyone bought into Resashaw's sham

771
00:39:58,800 --> 00:40:01,879
Speaker 2: for courageous legislation supposed the new Shaw. One of them

772
00:40:02,040 --> 00:40:04,399
Speaker 2: was Mohammed Mosada, who would go on to become Prime

773
00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:08,279
Speaker 2: Minister years later. The British managed Resisha's coronation using the

774
00:40:08,320 --> 00:40:11,279
Speaker 2: coronation of King George the Fifth is their guide. So

775
00:40:11,360 --> 00:40:13,960
Speaker 2: you do have people who oppose him, including Masada, who

776
00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:16,799
Speaker 2: will talk. I mean we Margaret should talk about an

777
00:40:16,800 --> 00:40:17,680
Speaker 2: episode on her show.

778
00:40:17,760 --> 00:40:21,440
Speaker 3: Actually, yeah, exactly. Most. So it's pronounced most. I'll give

779
00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:24,040
Speaker 3: you the most two versions of it, the easy one

780
00:40:24,440 --> 00:40:27,320
Speaker 3: and by the way, again, apologies because my Farsi is garbage.

781
00:40:28,320 --> 00:40:31,239
Speaker 3: Mozed deck is probably the easiest way to with more

782
00:40:31,239 --> 00:40:33,640
Speaker 3: of a Q sound, but I think it's pronounced more

783
00:40:33,760 --> 00:40:37,480
Speaker 3: mozed derr. It's one of these sounds that's hard for Americans.

784
00:40:37,600 --> 00:40:41,960
Speaker 3: Hey g h at the end, Yeah, that's that would

785
00:40:41,960 --> 00:40:45,960
Speaker 3: be a perfect, perfect person. I mean, he had some flaws,

786
00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:48,759
Speaker 3: I mean, but he was like he is one of

787
00:40:48,800 --> 00:40:51,680
Speaker 3: these heroes that's held up in secular Iran.

788
00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:54,719
Speaker 2: I heard his name for the first time mispronounced in

789
00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:57,279
Speaker 2: songs that were angry about the CIA over throwing it,

790
00:40:58,320 --> 00:41:00,279
Speaker 2: about our government's rolling it's over throw.

791
00:41:00,480 --> 00:41:01,320
Speaker 3: Right, Oh, I love it.

792
00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:04,200
Speaker 2: But yeah, we're not going to talk about him much

793
00:41:04,200 --> 00:41:06,000
Speaker 2: more in this episode. But I didn't want to note that, like,

794
00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:09,200
Speaker 2: not everyone is fine with what res is doing. There

795
00:41:09,320 --> 00:41:15,640
Speaker 2: is resistance. There's very brave resistance. So when he is coronated,

796
00:41:16,040 --> 00:41:19,279
Speaker 2: as I noted here, the British used bit like that

797
00:41:19,360 --> 00:41:20,960
Speaker 2: quote said the British, I'm going to go into a

798
00:41:20,960 --> 00:41:23,120
Speaker 2: little more detail about what that actually means when it

799
00:41:23,200 --> 00:41:27,360
Speaker 2: says the British used Resishaw's coronation, like use the coronation

800
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:28,920
Speaker 2: of King Churse the fifth as their guide. I want

801
00:41:28,920 --> 00:41:31,480
Speaker 2: to talk about like what that means. So one of

802
00:41:31,480 --> 00:41:35,120
Speaker 2: the British people who's in Tehran at the time is

803
00:41:35,600 --> 00:41:38,800
Speaker 2: a writer named Vita Sackville West. She is a prominent

804
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:42,759
Speaker 2: author and she's a good friend of Virginia Wolf, and

805
00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:44,560
Speaker 2: she happens to be in to Ron for the coronation

806
00:41:44,600 --> 00:41:47,200
Speaker 2: because her husband is a British diplomat and she kind

807
00:41:47,200 --> 00:41:49,960
Speaker 2: of inveigls her way into helping to plan the coronation,

808
00:41:50,400 --> 00:41:53,120
Speaker 2: which resisies is both a way to show his continuity

809
00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:56,319
Speaker 2: with Persia's grand past and to celebrate the coming new

810
00:41:56,360 --> 00:42:01,319
Speaker 2: modern regime. Now, Sackville West is not a fan of Tehran, which,

811
00:42:01,360 --> 00:42:04,160
Speaker 2: after a decade of nearly a decade of warren starvation,

812
00:42:04,560 --> 00:42:07,680
Speaker 2: isn't in great shape, right. She calls the city squalid

813
00:42:07,760 --> 00:42:10,680
Speaker 2: with quote few pretentious buildings and mean houses on the

814
00:42:10,760 --> 00:42:13,879
Speaker 2: verge of collapse and little else, which is not nice

815
00:42:13,920 --> 00:42:16,240
Speaker 2: given that, like your government really helped with the family

816
00:42:16,239 --> 00:42:19,160
Speaker 2: that Gill like half the people who lived in the country, Like, yeah,

817
00:42:19,160 --> 00:42:22,280
Speaker 2: he contributed to that London wouldn't look nice if forty

818
00:42:22,320 --> 00:42:25,279
Speaker 2: percent of British people died in a fam I'll bet

819
00:42:25,320 --> 00:42:29,480
Speaker 2: that much, right, Yeah, yeah, Well, I can.

820
00:42:29,400 --> 00:42:31,560
Speaker 3: Take a lot of criticisms, but like when they come

821
00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:32,720
Speaker 3: from the peerless.

822
00:42:32,320 --> 00:42:33,279
Speaker 2: Force, it's not a fair one.

823
00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:34,640
Speaker 3: That's just not a fair one.

824
00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:38,000
Speaker 2: Nope, So Vida and the wife of the head of

825
00:42:38,040 --> 00:42:40,759
Speaker 2: the British legation literally sit down with books about the

826
00:42:40,760 --> 00:42:42,920
Speaker 2: coronation of King George the Fifth because res is like

827
00:42:43,120 --> 00:42:45,239
Speaker 2: ress people I should say, are like, we got to

828
00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:48,239
Speaker 2: figure out how to coronate this guy because this is

829
00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:50,640
Speaker 2: kind of a new thing, because he's not being like

830
00:42:50,640 --> 00:42:53,239
Speaker 2: the rest of the Shaws. How should it look and

831
00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:55,680
Speaker 2: they leave it to the British people, because well, you

832
00:42:55,719 --> 00:42:58,279
Speaker 2: know how kings and queens are supposed to take the throne, right,

833
00:42:58,360 --> 00:43:00,759
Speaker 2: you figure it out. And so these two women sit

834
00:43:00,800 --> 00:43:02,680
Speaker 2: down with these books about the coronation of King George

835
00:43:02,719 --> 00:43:04,719
Speaker 2: the Fifth, and they make notes about, oh, there's all

836
00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:06,680
Speaker 2: these symbols of power that they handed, and there's all

837
00:43:06,719 --> 00:43:10,759
Speaker 2: these swords and scepters and crowns and precious stones that

838
00:43:10,840 --> 00:43:12,719
Speaker 2: mean all these things and have these fancy names that

839
00:43:12,760 --> 00:43:15,279
Speaker 2: are part of this whole process, and they kind of

840
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:18,040
Speaker 2: make their own version of it. For the coronation of

841
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:21,160
Speaker 2: the Shah. I want to read you a quote about

842
00:43:21,200 --> 00:43:23,839
Speaker 2: this whole process of planning the coronation from a very

843
00:43:23,840 --> 00:43:26,759
Speaker 2: British coup by Scharen Brysac. But as I read all this,

844
00:43:26,800 --> 00:43:29,560
Speaker 2: I need you to remember that again, seven years earlier,

845
00:43:29,880 --> 00:43:32,160
Speaker 2: about half the country dyed of famine. When we're talking

846
00:43:32,200 --> 00:43:35,880
Speaker 2: about how obscene the display of wealth that this represents

847
00:43:35,920 --> 00:43:40,040
Speaker 2: really is. As Vita Sackville West recalled, the linen bags

848
00:43:40,120 --> 00:43:43,960
Speaker 2: vomited emeralds and pearls, The green bays vanished, the table

849
00:43:43,960 --> 00:43:47,400
Speaker 2: became a sea of precious stones. The leather cases opened,

850
00:43:47,440 --> 00:43:51,719
Speaker 2: displaying jeweled scimitars, daggers mounted with rubies, buckles carved from

851
00:43:51,719 --> 00:43:55,200
Speaker 2: a single emerald, ropes of enormous pearls. Then from the

852
00:43:55,280 --> 00:43:58,600
Speaker 2: inner room came the file of servants, again carrying uniforms

853
00:43:58,600 --> 00:44:02,239
Speaker 2: sown with diamonds, with a tall aggrete secured by a

854
00:44:02,280 --> 00:44:05,799
Speaker 2: diamond larger than the mountain of light. Two crowns, like

855
00:44:05,840 --> 00:44:09,319
Speaker 2: great heretic tiaras, barbaric diatems, compose a pearl of the

856
00:44:09,360 --> 00:44:12,160
Speaker 2: finest orient. We plunged our hands up to the wrist

857
00:44:12,200 --> 00:44:14,840
Speaker 2: and the heaps of uncut emeralds, and let the pearls

858
00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:17,680
Speaker 2: run through our fingers. We forgot the persia of today.

859
00:44:17,880 --> 00:44:20,960
Speaker 2: We were swept back to Akbar and the spoils of India.

860
00:44:21,600 --> 00:44:24,520
Speaker 2: Soon orders went out to shops throughout Europe. But after

861
00:44:24,560 --> 00:44:28,160
Speaker 2: the intercession of Lady Lorraine, Vita was given authority to

862
00:44:28,239 --> 00:44:32,680
Speaker 2: order china, glass, cutlery and stationary from London's royal purveyors.

863
00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:35,520
Speaker 2: She commissioned red liveries for the palace, modeled on those

864
00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:38,840
Speaker 2: worn by the British legations servants apropos of the coronation.

865
00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:42,000
Speaker 2: Vita Sackville West writes to her friend Gertrude Bell she

866
00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:44,560
Speaker 2: and Luis Lorraine have been very busy painting the throne

867
00:44:44,640 --> 00:44:45,160
Speaker 2: room pink.

868
00:44:46,600 --> 00:44:52,200
Speaker 3: I'm I'm envisioning the scene from the cartoon movie Aladdin

869
00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:57,360
Speaker 3: where he comes in as Prince Ali Abavois, and I

870
00:44:57,360 --> 00:44:59,799
Speaker 3: wish we could talk about that movie for a long

871
00:44:59,840 --> 00:45:02,120
Speaker 3: time time. I got thoughts, I got thoughts. Yeah, boy,

872
00:45:03,200 --> 00:45:05,040
Speaker 3: it's so opulent.

873
00:45:05,280 --> 00:45:08,560
Speaker 2: Yes yeah, yes, And this this this all this wealth

874
00:45:08,600 --> 00:45:11,680
Speaker 2: that like could have been used during the famine years

875
00:45:11,719 --> 00:45:14,359
Speaker 2: to maybe help with the famine, wasn't used for that.

876
00:45:14,880 --> 00:45:18,200
Speaker 2: And also there's an opportunity here in this capital that's

877
00:45:18,239 --> 00:45:20,520
Speaker 2: been devastated of like, well, we need a shitload of

878
00:45:20,520 --> 00:45:23,359
Speaker 2: cutlery and stationary in China and glass. You could have

879
00:45:23,400 --> 00:45:26,520
Speaker 2: a lot of that made by people in Tehran, by

880
00:45:26,520 --> 00:45:30,279
Speaker 2: people in the Greater Persian area. No, we're sending off

881
00:45:30,280 --> 00:45:33,520
Speaker 2: to London. You're sending money out of this starving country

882
00:45:33,840 --> 00:45:36,680
Speaker 2: to bring in stuff from London. It's just better, you know.

883
00:45:36,800 --> 00:45:39,160
Speaker 3: Be a job creator, right if nothing else.

884
00:45:39,320 --> 00:45:43,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, so this pisses some people off too, Really, I

885
00:45:43,160 --> 00:45:45,920
Speaker 2: want to yeah, I want to talk about how the

886
00:45:45,960 --> 00:45:48,640
Speaker 2: Shaw gets coronated. And here's how the biography of the

887
00:45:48,719 --> 00:45:51,440
Speaker 2: Shah describes them. Reza stepped into the hall where he

888
00:45:51,480 --> 00:45:54,160
Speaker 2: would be coronated. He's arrived. He's known as a very

889
00:45:54,239 --> 00:45:58,200
Speaker 2: punctual man. In fact, he's accused often angrily, of bringing

890
00:45:58,239 --> 00:46:01,880
Speaker 2: like the concept of puncture ruality to Persia that like

891
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:04,240
Speaker 2: Iranians didn't give a shit what time it was before

892
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:06,840
Speaker 2: ress like he is building a people's say.

893
00:46:06,840 --> 00:46:09,080
Speaker 3: I'm calling you out la. So I'm calling you out

894
00:46:09,160 --> 00:46:09,880
Speaker 3: La Persians.

895
00:46:10,560 --> 00:46:14,279
Speaker 2: Sorry, So it's noteworthy he shows up late as like

896
00:46:14,320 --> 00:46:18,080
Speaker 2: a power move because he can right quote. At last,

897
00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:20,160
Speaker 2: there was a stir, The doors were opened and the

898
00:46:20,200 --> 00:46:23,560
Speaker 2: six year old Mohammed Reser that's his son, appeared in

899
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:26,120
Speaker 2: the hall. Behind him walked the procession of the twenty

900
00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:29,040
Speaker 2: two political dignitaries, led by the Prime Minister. They were

901
00:46:29,080 --> 00:46:32,600
Speaker 2: carrying the many royal accouterment necessary for the coronation, three

902
00:46:32,640 --> 00:46:36,239
Speaker 2: different crowns, a scepter, three swords belonging to past kings,

903
00:46:36,239 --> 00:46:38,839
Speaker 2: and even a diamond studded royal bow and arrow. One

904
00:46:38,880 --> 00:46:41,480
Speaker 2: of the swords belonged to Nadir Shah, a powerful king.

905
00:46:41,520 --> 00:46:43,960
Speaker 2: He united Iran and was reported to have been planning

906
00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:46,520
Speaker 2: limits on the powers of the clergy. Nadir Shaw was

907
00:46:46,520 --> 00:46:50,040
Speaker 2: also alleged to have attempted a reconciliation between Shiites and Sunnis,

908
00:46:50,200 --> 00:46:53,000
Speaker 2: and he was Resashaw's great hero. So he's kind of

909
00:46:53,040 --> 00:46:55,399
Speaker 2: signaling some of what he's going to be trying to do,

910
00:46:55,560 --> 00:46:59,160
Speaker 2: right by what stuff they pick for this. So the

911
00:46:59,239 --> 00:47:04,520
Speaker 2: Shaw's son after he's crowned, Mohammed Resapelavi was pronounced crown

912
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:08,320
Speaker 2: Prints initially. Now that res is this Shaw. He promises

913
00:47:08,480 --> 00:47:11,719
Speaker 2: a reign free of religious influence or internal strife, and

914
00:47:11,800 --> 00:47:16,760
Speaker 2: he promises quote European style educational institutions, westernized women active

915
00:47:16,760 --> 00:47:20,400
Speaker 2: outside the home, and modern economic structures with state factories,

916
00:47:20,400 --> 00:47:24,279
Speaker 2: communication networks, investment banks, and department stores. In the words

917
00:47:24,320 --> 00:47:27,880
Speaker 2: of historian Aravond Abrahemian, right, he's saying, we're going to

918
00:47:27,880 --> 00:47:31,040
Speaker 2: be a modern country like all those European countries. Right,

919
00:47:32,360 --> 00:47:34,560
Speaker 2: and you know, there's a lot of good stuff that

920
00:47:34,719 --> 00:47:37,319
Speaker 2: sounds like those in those promises. You know, cut the

921
00:47:37,360 --> 00:47:40,040
Speaker 2: power of these religious tyrants, let women do more stuff,

922
00:47:40,120 --> 00:47:43,160
Speaker 2: sounds great, roads sounds good. A lot of that stuff

923
00:47:43,200 --> 00:47:48,280
Speaker 2: will in fact happen. Now, first off, it's always debatable

924
00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:50,239
Speaker 2: how much of this is actually how much of the

925
00:47:50,239 --> 00:47:52,480
Speaker 2: good stuff that happens has anything to do with the

926
00:47:52,520 --> 00:47:54,520
Speaker 2: Shaw or is it just stuff he takes credit for.

927
00:47:55,040 --> 00:47:56,640
Speaker 2: But the other thing that's important to know is that

928
00:47:56,719 --> 00:47:59,960
Speaker 2: like what he does, he does by instituting the most

929
00:48:00,160 --> 00:48:03,479
Speaker 2: direct one man rule possible. And this means cracking down

930
00:48:03,520 --> 00:48:07,440
Speaker 2: on and in many cases eliminating all of the local leaders,

931
00:48:07,480 --> 00:48:10,080
Speaker 2: the tribal leaders who had previously been friends to his

932
00:48:10,160 --> 00:48:12,960
Speaker 2: British patrons, and in it doing so in a very

933
00:48:13,040 --> 00:48:17,600
Speaker 2: brutal way. Ending internal strife means ending any fiction that

934
00:48:17,640 --> 00:48:20,120
Speaker 2: Persia is a nation of many peoples, and so it

935
00:48:20,160 --> 00:48:22,920
Speaker 2: was Resashah who officially changed the name of his country

936
00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:27,680
Speaker 2: from Persia to Iran. Per the Fair Observer, Resishaw's detribalization

937
00:48:27,800 --> 00:48:31,840
Speaker 2: and Persianization led to ethnic cleansing and genocide. William Douglass,

938
00:48:31,840 --> 00:48:34,359
Speaker 2: a noted American judge, had the following to note about

939
00:48:34,360 --> 00:48:38,120
Speaker 2: one community that fell fall of Resishaw, Lure after Lure.

940
00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:40,719
Speaker 2: That's the group of people, that's the ethnic group, like

941
00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:43,440
Speaker 2: the tribe that he's going after. Lure after Lure was

942
00:48:43,480 --> 00:48:46,319
Speaker 2: beheaded again and again. The plate was heated red hot

943
00:48:46,360 --> 00:48:48,720
Speaker 2: and slapped on the stump of a neck. The colonel

944
00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:51,200
Speaker 2: started betting on how far these headless men could run.

945
00:48:51,360 --> 00:48:53,759
Speaker 2: Every man, woman, and child had been killed. Not a

946
00:48:53,760 --> 00:48:56,360
Speaker 2: living soul was left. Wow, this is the kind of

947
00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:59,359
Speaker 2: shit his soldiers are doing to wipe out any other

948
00:48:59,440 --> 00:49:01,560
Speaker 2: groups that might be a threat to his power.

949
00:49:01,600 --> 00:49:02,000
Speaker 3: Wow.

950
00:49:02,040 --> 00:49:05,560
Speaker 2: Like they're beheading people and cauterizing the bodies and then

951
00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:09,759
Speaker 2: like seeing how far their headless corpses will sprint. Fucking like.

952
00:49:09,840 --> 00:49:14,960
Speaker 2: This is a brutal, dehumanizing crackdown on everyone else. That's

953
00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:17,120
Speaker 2: a big part of what the Sha does. Oh my god,

954
00:49:17,400 --> 00:49:21,040
Speaker 2: have we had two ad breaks? Sophie? No, Okay, great,

955
00:49:21,239 --> 00:49:23,200
Speaker 2: this is a good time for one. So it isn't.

956
00:49:23,280 --> 00:49:35,319
Speaker 2: But let's do it. Anyways, we're back. So the new

957
00:49:35,400 --> 00:49:37,560
Speaker 2: Sha also put a violent in to what had at

958
00:49:37,560 --> 00:49:40,280
Speaker 2: that point been some eighty years of increasing press freedom.

959
00:49:40,520 --> 00:49:42,960
Speaker 2: Over the course of his reign, he grows increasingly obsessed

960
00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:45,720
Speaker 2: with the way Mustapha Kamal is doing things over in Turkey,

961
00:49:46,160 --> 00:49:49,439
Speaker 2: aping him res a band's traditional clothing. It was now

962
00:49:49,440 --> 00:49:52,879
Speaker 2: illegal for Iranians to wear anything but Western dress. Now,

963
00:49:52,880 --> 00:49:54,680
Speaker 2: this is something that gets missed a lot when you

964
00:49:54,719 --> 00:49:57,880
Speaker 2: see conservatives or other people post pictures of Iranian women

965
00:49:57,880 --> 00:50:01,360
Speaker 2: in headscarfs next to old photos The second shot in

966
00:50:01,440 --> 00:50:03,680
Speaker 2: this line of like women during the reign of that

967
00:50:03,719 --> 00:50:06,520
Speaker 2: Shaw in Tehran dressed like westerners, right, looking like women

968
00:50:06,719 --> 00:50:10,120
Speaker 2: in Western cities, right. And it's always framed as like

969
00:50:10,400 --> 00:50:12,440
Speaker 2: and it is fucked up that people don't have like

970
00:50:12,480 --> 00:50:15,319
Speaker 2: freedom to choose what they wear on their head. But

971
00:50:15,480 --> 00:50:19,600
Speaker 2: what is not talked about is how those pictures came

972
00:50:19,640 --> 00:50:21,000
Speaker 2: to be. And so I want to read you a

973
00:50:21,040 --> 00:50:23,160
Speaker 2: quote from a lobby and Singh's article about why you

974
00:50:23,200 --> 00:50:25,720
Speaker 2: have those pictures of women without head scarves in Tehran.

975
00:50:26,719 --> 00:50:29,200
Speaker 2: If they did not do so give up their traditional dress,

976
00:50:29,280 --> 00:50:32,000
Speaker 2: they were beaten and even taken into custody. This policy

977
00:50:32,080 --> 00:50:35,160
Speaker 2: caused a massive rupture with tradition. In small towns and villages,

978
00:50:35,160 --> 00:50:38,640
Speaker 2: people ignored the Shaw's edict and cities people suffered, especially

979
00:50:38,680 --> 00:50:41,279
Speaker 2: the women. Many women stopped going to public places to

980
00:50:41,320 --> 00:50:44,680
Speaker 2: avoid harassment and became involuntary prisoners within their own homes.

981
00:50:45,640 --> 00:50:49,200
Speaker 2: This is not a nice process. He's not freeing people.

982
00:50:49,360 --> 00:50:52,040
Speaker 2: So he's saying you'll be beaten if you do this

983
00:50:52,080 --> 00:50:53,600
Speaker 2: thing that you've been doing your whole life.

984
00:50:53,640 --> 00:50:56,640
Speaker 3: Still, this is the point where I have to say

985
00:50:56,680 --> 00:50:58,640
Speaker 3: two things. There's two things I have to mention. One

986
00:50:59,360 --> 00:51:01,200
Speaker 3: and this is for all all the Aunties out there

987
00:51:01,440 --> 00:51:05,800
Speaker 3: who might be listening or hear this episode. Please no

988
00:51:05,920 --> 00:51:10,960
Speaker 3: angry emails. We can accept two truths are happening or

989
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:15,000
Speaker 3: have happened, which is one the Shaw The Shaws were

990
00:51:15,040 --> 00:51:22,120
Speaker 3: repressive and fascist, and also the Moulaws are repressive and fascist.

991
00:51:22,360 --> 00:51:24,719
Speaker 3: And I would argue their worse, and I would say

992
00:51:24,719 --> 00:51:27,080
Speaker 3: most Iranians would say it's worse. But it doesn't mean

993
00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:29,960
Speaker 3: that what they were doing was good. This is not

994
00:51:30,040 --> 00:51:31,839
Speaker 3: the last time and it was not a nice time.

995
00:51:31,880 --> 00:51:35,080
Speaker 3: And also it probably led long term to some of

996
00:51:35,080 --> 00:51:37,080
Speaker 3: the conflicts that we had down the road with the

997
00:51:37,120 --> 00:51:41,879
Speaker 3: Moulaws and those that fascist Islamo fascist regime. Another thing

998
00:51:41,880 --> 00:51:45,200
Speaker 3: I will have you note when this meme was popularized,

999
00:51:45,640 --> 00:51:47,800
Speaker 3: where it's like they show, like the picture of the

1000
00:51:48,239 --> 00:51:50,480
Speaker 3: women that this was Iran in the seventies and now

1001
00:51:50,520 --> 00:51:53,200
Speaker 3: look their animals sort of always has a weird vibe

1002
00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:56,080
Speaker 3: to it. I posted one of my more popular tweets

1003
00:51:56,080 --> 00:51:59,240
Speaker 3: when I was on x or Twitter was a picture

1004
00:51:59,280 --> 00:52:04,160
Speaker 3: of John Chaval in Saturday Night Fever, and it was

1005
00:52:04,280 --> 00:52:06,239
Speaker 3: him dancing with the full on dance thing. You can

1006
00:52:06,239 --> 00:52:08,399
Speaker 3: imagine where he's like on the dance. Folet's all lit up,

1007
00:52:08,640 --> 00:52:10,360
Speaker 3: and I said, this is an actual picture of my

1008
00:52:10,440 --> 00:52:15,120
Speaker 3: father in pre revolutionary Iran dancing, And to be fair,

1009
00:52:15,160 --> 00:52:16,920
Speaker 3: it does kind of look like my dad, and it

1010
00:52:16,920 --> 00:52:18,520
Speaker 3: does look like the kind of dancing he would do.

1011
00:52:18,520 --> 00:52:21,400
Speaker 3: It looks extraordinarily persian. In fact, there's never been a

1012
00:52:21,400 --> 00:52:25,759
Speaker 3: more Persian coded picture than John Travolta dancing in that

1013
00:52:26,120 --> 00:52:28,759
Speaker 3: and it was very popular and up to everyone who

1014
00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:30,560
Speaker 3: thought that was real, I apologize, I'm sorry.

1015
00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:35,760
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's just it's important to know that. Like again,

1016
00:52:35,800 --> 00:52:38,759
Speaker 2: there are much better ways to Yeah, it's bad to

1017
00:52:38,920 --> 00:52:41,919
Speaker 2: tell people they have to or can't wear a certain thing.

1018
00:52:42,440 --> 00:52:45,080
Speaker 2: You can do that without saying it's now illegal to

1019
00:52:45,120 --> 00:52:47,280
Speaker 2: wear what you were wearing before, and you'll get beaten

1020
00:52:47,320 --> 00:52:48,960
Speaker 2: in the street if you do it. The shot could

1021
00:52:48,960 --> 00:52:50,719
Speaker 2: have just said you don't have to dress like the

1022
00:52:50,719 --> 00:52:53,640
Speaker 2: clerics want you to anymore, do whatever, and doing that

1023
00:52:53,680 --> 00:52:55,520
Speaker 2: also probably would have caused a lot less of the

1024
00:52:55,600 --> 00:52:59,839
Speaker 2: kind of resentment that builds up in the right right right.

1025
00:53:00,120 --> 00:53:02,920
Speaker 2: It's just he's a dick about everything. He's a huge asshole.

1026
00:53:03,160 --> 00:53:08,239
Speaker 2: That's Resus Shah basically. So Ron does modernize a lot

1027
00:53:08,320 --> 00:53:10,720
Speaker 2: during Res's time, and power, and early in his reign

1028
00:53:10,760 --> 00:53:13,279
Speaker 2: there are other people who are doing hard work and

1029
00:53:13,680 --> 00:53:16,920
Speaker 2: good work. We're like competent political figures and allies who

1030
00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:20,040
Speaker 2: is able to entrust to execute and create policy right,

1031
00:53:20,040 --> 00:53:22,080
Speaker 2: and this is part of why there's a lot of

1032
00:53:22,120 --> 00:53:25,040
Speaker 2: development in the country. Each of these men, though, grows

1033
00:53:25,080 --> 00:53:27,759
Speaker 2: too powerful and popular for Res's liking. He is not

1034
00:53:27,840 --> 00:53:30,719
Speaker 2: a guy who is good at trusting. The Encyclopedia of

1035
00:53:30,719 --> 00:53:33,319
Speaker 2: the World of his Lam notes they were gradually eliminated

1036
00:53:33,360 --> 00:53:35,600
Speaker 2: from the political arena, and most of them were murdered

1037
00:53:35,680 --> 00:53:39,560
Speaker 2: humiliatingly at his behest. So not a great dude to work.

1038
00:53:39,600 --> 00:53:42,600
Speaker 3: God, I don't like that sentence. Murdered humiliatingly.

1039
00:53:42,840 --> 00:53:48,560
Speaker 2: No, that is no very that sounds bleak. Yeah, horrible. Oh,

1040
00:53:48,640 --> 00:53:51,880
Speaker 2: I mean he likes cauterizing stuff. So we know that

1041
00:53:51,960 --> 00:53:55,120
Speaker 2: there's some fucked up shit going on here. By nineteen

1042
00:53:55,200 --> 00:53:57,120
Speaker 2: thirty one or so, the Shah is about as close

1043
00:53:57,160 --> 00:53:59,480
Speaker 2: to a total desk but as one could be. But

1044
00:53:59,520 --> 00:54:01,719
Speaker 2: his cruel he was to his own people. He was

1045
00:54:01,800 --> 00:54:04,520
Speaker 2: deeply aware of how fragile his hold on power remained.

1046
00:54:04,560 --> 00:54:06,879
Speaker 2: He had seen in action how little effort it took

1047
00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:09,759
Speaker 2: the British to help him onto his throne over the years,

1048
00:54:09,800 --> 00:54:13,000
Speaker 2: though he had also grown increasingly paranoid about their plots.

1049
00:54:13,360 --> 00:54:16,080
Speaker 2: At the same time, he was terrified of the USSR.

1050
00:54:16,360 --> 00:54:19,000
Speaker 2: And he actually gives the Soviet Union a big chunk

1051
00:54:19,080 --> 00:54:22,359
Speaker 2: of what's today Turkmenistan in nineteen thirty three to try

1052
00:54:22,400 --> 00:54:24,719
Speaker 2: and buy them off and keep them happy. And he

1053
00:54:24,760 --> 00:54:27,520
Speaker 2: does the same to British oil interests. He gives them,

1054
00:54:27,800 --> 00:54:30,719
Speaker 2: like concedes, a bunch of Iranian soil. He does this

1055
00:54:30,840 --> 00:54:32,640
Speaker 2: a few times to and I think he does this

1056
00:54:32,680 --> 00:54:35,720
Speaker 2: to Turkey as well. He gives away a sizable chunk

1057
00:54:35,760 --> 00:54:38,440
Speaker 2: of his country in order to preserve his reign and

1058
00:54:38,480 --> 00:54:41,440
Speaker 2: try to make friends with these foreign powers that he's

1059
00:54:41,480 --> 00:54:44,319
Speaker 2: hoping will help keep him on his throne. And this

1060
00:54:44,400 --> 00:54:47,760
Speaker 2: obviously pisses people off. He's literally giving away the country.

1061
00:54:48,080 --> 00:54:51,000
Speaker 2: Public authorities in the media were ordered to describe the

1062
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:53,839
Speaker 2: Shaw as a reformer who had modernized the country. He

1063
00:54:53,880 --> 00:54:56,880
Speaker 2: was given credit for reforms instituted by other past leaders

1064
00:54:57,000 --> 00:55:00,160
Speaker 2: like Amre Kabir, while his secret police punished any one

1065
00:55:00,160 --> 00:55:02,480
Speaker 2: who spoke out about the darker side of the regime.

1066
00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:07,760
Speaker 2: Per Serene brysik Resa, Shaw's whim was absolute. His memory extraordinary,

1067
00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:11,600
Speaker 2: his thirst to avenge proverbial his skin gossamer. No elective

1068
00:55:11,640 --> 00:55:15,040
Speaker 2: constitutional system was allowed to grow roots under the Pelavis,

1069
00:55:15,320 --> 00:55:18,479
Speaker 2: another break from Atta Turk's example to the untraveled Shaw,

1070
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:21,680
Speaker 2: the concept of a free press was unfathomable. When Resa

1071
00:55:21,719 --> 00:55:24,759
Speaker 2: discovered that Iranians were still using postage stamps bearing the

1072
00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:27,560
Speaker 2: portrait of the deposed Ahmed Shah, he sent his troops

1073
00:55:27,560 --> 00:55:31,200
Speaker 2: to seize the entire supply. For some weeks, Iran remained stampless,

1074
00:55:31,200 --> 00:55:33,719
Speaker 2: and since the newly minted ones with Reza's portrait were

1075
00:55:33,719 --> 00:55:36,319
Speaker 2: slow and arriving from Holland, the old stamps had to

1076
00:55:36,320 --> 00:55:40,440
Speaker 2: be retrieved and circulated. I'll bite with the exiled Shaw's

1077
00:55:40,480 --> 00:55:41,640
Speaker 2: effigy blacked out.

1078
00:55:43,320 --> 00:55:45,080
Speaker 3: That's a bit. Somebody had to go through each one

1079
00:55:45,080 --> 00:55:46,680
Speaker 3: of those stamps and just gride it out.

1080
00:55:46,760 --> 00:55:49,560
Speaker 2: Yeah, like you just had a temper tantor He's like,

1081
00:55:49,560 --> 00:55:51,960
Speaker 2: oh the stamps, confiscate them all and they're like, well,

1082
00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:55,600
Speaker 2: no one can use the mail. Hey, hey, hey, boss,

1083
00:55:56,560 --> 00:55:59,000
Speaker 2: that kind of a problem here. He's like, you got sharpies,

1084
00:55:59,040 --> 00:56:00,000
Speaker 2: don't you.

1085
00:56:01,160 --> 00:56:06,000
Speaker 3: Well, yeah, and I'll have you note. This is where

1086
00:56:06,160 --> 00:56:08,160
Speaker 3: this is the corner of the show in which I

1087
00:56:08,200 --> 00:56:11,320
Speaker 3: talk about Persian contributions to the world, the postal system,

1088
00:56:11,360 --> 00:56:13,839
Speaker 3: you like the postal service. Persians came up with that,

1089
00:56:13,920 --> 00:56:16,680
Speaker 3: you like that love something that's that's our thing, one

1090
00:56:16,680 --> 00:56:19,600
Speaker 3: of our things, and he fucked it up, fucked it up.

1091
00:56:19,760 --> 00:56:22,760
Speaker 3: It's our thing, man, and you fucked it up. Yeah.

1092
00:56:22,960 --> 00:56:24,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's been your thing. It's been your thing for

1093
00:56:24,520 --> 00:56:28,880
Speaker 2: a while. Yeah. So when the Great Depression hits, oil

1094
00:56:28,920 --> 00:56:31,920
Speaker 2: revenues from Great Britain dry up sharply. Again, the British

1095
00:56:31,960 --> 00:56:35,400
Speaker 2: are nominally supposed to pay quite a bit to Iran

1096
00:56:35,680 --> 00:56:37,919
Speaker 2: for the oil that they take out, but like during

1097
00:56:37,960 --> 00:56:41,000
Speaker 2: World War One, they stop paying because they're like why

1098
00:56:41,040 --> 00:56:44,160
Speaker 2: would we pay? Times are hard and during Great Depression

1099
00:56:44,320 --> 00:56:48,839
Speaker 2: oil revenue is also dry up sharply. They're finding ways

1100
00:56:48,840 --> 00:56:51,480
Speaker 2: to fuck with them. They're still selling oil. They are

1101
00:56:51,480 --> 00:56:55,759
Speaker 2: often lying to the government because again APOC has never

1102
00:56:55,840 --> 00:56:58,680
Speaker 2: cared about the government in Tehran, so they're often they're like,

1103
00:56:58,719 --> 00:57:01,520
Speaker 2: the government Iran doesn't ually know what the British Navy's

1104
00:57:01,560 --> 00:57:05,120
Speaker 2: paying for oil, right, Like that's all kept in a

1105
00:57:05,160 --> 00:57:07,799
Speaker 2: black box from them. This piss is off the Shaw.

1106
00:57:07,880 --> 00:57:11,759
Speaker 2: There's years of ongoing arguments with the Shaw and renegotiations

1107
00:57:11,760 --> 00:57:14,399
Speaker 2: of that contract with Darcy, where the Shaws like, you're

1108
00:57:14,440 --> 00:57:17,320
Speaker 2: fucking us because and they are. The Shaw is not wrong,

1109
00:57:17,360 --> 00:57:21,800
Speaker 2: he's being fucked here. So it is still APOC, the

1110
00:57:21,840 --> 00:57:25,600
Speaker 2: Anglo Persian Oil Company at the time, though it will

1111
00:57:25,600 --> 00:57:28,800
Speaker 2: eventually be renamed, as you noted, the Anglo Iranian Oil

1112
00:57:28,800 --> 00:57:32,120
Speaker 2: Company or AIOC. And just in case you're all curious,

1113
00:57:32,160 --> 00:57:35,240
Speaker 2: it's renamed one more time and it still exists today, COVID.

1114
00:57:35,240 --> 00:57:38,600
Speaker 2: Do you know what APOC slash AOK is today?

1115
00:57:39,320 --> 00:57:42,080
Speaker 3: Famously known for taking care of the environment, They are

1116
00:57:42,120 --> 00:57:45,520
Speaker 3: now known as BP Wonderful Company, British Petroleum.

1117
00:57:45,040 --> 00:57:49,680
Speaker 2: British Petroleum. That's right, baby, that's these motherfuckers.

1118
00:57:49,840 --> 00:57:52,440
Speaker 3: They were from the beginning. It's so funny. Uh huh.

1119
00:57:52,560 --> 00:57:56,160
Speaker 2: They were always evil, always evil as fuck.

1120
00:57:56,240 --> 00:57:58,560
Speaker 3: Even when they weren't killing like ducks and stuff.

1121
00:57:58,880 --> 00:58:01,920
Speaker 2: No, no, there's never been a leader of that company

1122
00:58:01,920 --> 00:58:04,160
Speaker 2: who didn't deserve to be flung into the sun.

1123
00:58:05,240 --> 00:58:06,400
Speaker 3: Absolutely so.

1124
00:58:06,880 --> 00:58:09,200
Speaker 2: The fact that Great Britain's fucking him and that the

1125
00:58:09,240 --> 00:58:13,640
Speaker 2: old company's fucking him really wears on Reza and resentment

1126
00:58:13,680 --> 00:58:15,920
Speaker 2: over this builds at the same time as an awful

1127
00:58:15,960 --> 00:58:18,800
Speaker 2: lot so in the twenties up to the thirties, he's

1128
00:58:18,800 --> 00:58:22,240
Speaker 2: getting increasingly angry at Great Britain and increasingly paranoid at

1129
00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:24,800
Speaker 2: at at Great Britain. And at the same time, a

1130
00:58:24,840 --> 00:58:27,920
Speaker 2: lot of Germans start coming to Iran and like a

1131
00:58:27,920 --> 00:58:30,280
Speaker 2: lot of if a lot of tourists come and a

1132
00:58:30,280 --> 00:58:33,240
Speaker 2: lot of like vacation German.

1133
00:58:33,040 --> 00:58:37,960
Speaker 3: Investors look in this business.

1134
00:58:39,080 --> 00:58:44,360
Speaker 2: Yeah, no to not very German regime. It's very nice.

1135
00:58:45,400 --> 00:58:48,040
Speaker 2: Then you know, a guy gets elected in nineteen you know,

1136
00:58:48,080 --> 00:58:51,280
Speaker 2: in the thirties who's not as nice, but but who

1137
00:58:51,320 --> 00:58:54,120
Speaker 2: Resa Shaw finds himself actually in agreement with a lot

1138
00:58:54,200 --> 00:58:57,320
Speaker 2: that guy his name is Adolf Hitler and is like

1139
00:58:57,560 --> 00:59:01,120
Speaker 2: this Hitler guy. He's saying a lot I agree with

1140
00:59:01,160 --> 00:59:03,800
Speaker 2: about how the British are evil and untrusted worthy. He's

1141
00:59:03,840 --> 00:59:06,479
Speaker 2: saying a lot of other things that res agrees with too,

1142
00:59:07,720 --> 00:59:11,240
Speaker 2: stuff on genocide that Resa might not be against. And

1143
00:59:12,000 --> 00:59:14,720
Speaker 2: Germany this is actually one of the most successful. Like

1144
00:59:15,040 --> 00:59:18,200
Speaker 2: German it's a mix of like a spying and like

1145
00:59:18,240 --> 00:59:21,640
Speaker 2: an economic influence effort that, like the Nazi regime like

1146
00:59:21,760 --> 00:59:24,680
Speaker 2: carries out over this period of time, which is that

1147
00:59:24,920 --> 00:59:28,600
Speaker 2: by nineteen forty nearly half of all Iranian imports come

1148
00:59:28,680 --> 00:59:31,480
Speaker 2: from the German Reich, and forty two percent of all

1149
00:59:31,480 --> 00:59:35,680
Speaker 2: Iranian exports are entering Germany. So by the time World

1150
00:59:35,760 --> 00:59:39,240
Speaker 2: War two starts, Germany is kind of more important for

1151
00:59:39,280 --> 00:59:41,400
Speaker 2: the Iranian economy in a lot of ways than Great

1152
00:59:41,400 --> 00:59:46,120
Speaker 2: Britain is. And Rezushah has come to believe that, like, well,

1153
00:59:46,200 --> 00:59:48,840
Speaker 2: I've got these Germans who were good allies, right, Like

1154
00:59:48,960 --> 00:59:51,160
Speaker 2: these these guys will be good friends to me, and

1155
00:59:51,200 --> 00:59:54,120
Speaker 2: he starts he hates Britain and Russia both pretty much

1156
00:59:54,160 --> 00:59:56,040
Speaker 2: the same at this point in time, and he kind

1157
00:59:56,080 --> 00:59:57,840
Speaker 2: of at the start of World War Two he makes

1158
00:59:57,840 --> 01:00:00,280
Speaker 2: a bet that, like, I bet Hitler's gonna win. I

1159
01:00:00,320 --> 01:00:02,240
Speaker 2: bet this, I bet things are going to keep going

1160
01:00:02,320 --> 01:00:07,440
Speaker 2: well for Adolf Hitler. This goes wrong for him almost immediately.

1161
01:00:07,520 --> 01:00:11,120
Speaker 2: For first off, he shocked at the Molotov Ribbon trop

1162
01:00:11,160 --> 01:00:14,320
Speaker 2: Pact in nineteen thirty nine that like, the Soviet Union

1163
01:00:14,720 --> 01:00:17,800
Speaker 2: and the Nazis have a detent and invade Poland together,

1164
01:00:17,880 --> 01:00:19,960
Speaker 2: because he's like, wait, but I don't like Russia. I

1165
01:00:19,960 --> 01:00:22,640
Speaker 2: thought that we were on the same page about that Germany, right,

1166
01:00:23,680 --> 01:00:26,640
Speaker 2: And when World War two starts, he's like, Iran's neutral,

1167
01:00:27,400 --> 01:00:29,760
Speaker 2: trust me neutral, We want not. We're not siding with

1168
01:00:29,800 --> 01:00:34,880
Speaker 2: the Germans here, but when the Germans invade the USSR,

1169
01:00:35,400 --> 01:00:40,240
Speaker 2: that makes Russia and Great Britain allies, and they're the

1170
01:00:40,560 --> 01:00:43,760
Speaker 2: British are increasingly unhappy with this guy who seemed very

1171
01:00:43,840 --> 01:00:47,280
Speaker 2: sympathetic to Hitler being on the throne. And to make

1172
01:00:47,320 --> 01:00:50,000
Speaker 2: a long story short, the Shaw is forced to abdicate.

1173
01:00:50,440 --> 01:00:53,000
Speaker 2: He tells his son, I cannot be and this is

1174
01:00:53,040 --> 01:00:56,919
Speaker 2: because like Russia and Britain, like primarily Britain, like sins

1175
01:00:57,000 --> 01:01:00,640
Speaker 2: soldiers into Persia, right, they basically take the country because

1176
01:01:00,680 --> 01:01:03,000
Speaker 2: they need the oil for the war that they're fighting

1177
01:01:03,080 --> 01:01:04,880
Speaker 2: with the Third Reich, and they don't want this guy

1178
01:01:04,920 --> 01:01:07,640
Speaker 2: who's untrustworthy to be able to cut off the Royal

1179
01:01:07,720 --> 01:01:08,760
Speaker 2: Navy's fuel supply.

1180
01:01:09,080 --> 01:01:09,280
Speaker 3: Right.

1181
01:01:09,320 --> 01:01:12,240
Speaker 2: It's part of why there's a conference in Tehran during

1182
01:01:12,240 --> 01:01:15,000
Speaker 2: World War two, the Tehran Conference. It's a big deal.

1183
01:01:15,520 --> 01:01:19,320
Speaker 2: And the Shah, Yeah, Reza is not a fan of

1184
01:01:19,320 --> 01:01:21,840
Speaker 2: any of this. He abdicates, telling his son, I cannot

1185
01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:24,160
Speaker 2: be the nominal head of an occupied land to be

1186
01:01:24,240 --> 01:01:28,760
Speaker 2: dictated to by a minor English or Russian officer. His son,

1187
01:01:28,800 --> 01:01:31,240
Speaker 2: who's twenty one years old at this time, Mohammed Reza

1188
01:01:31,280 --> 01:01:35,560
Speaker 2: Palavi is immediately proclaimed Shah by the Mazles right after this,

1189
01:01:36,960 --> 01:01:40,560
Speaker 2: and yeah, that's more or less the end of this

1190
01:01:40,600 --> 01:01:44,240
Speaker 2: guy's story. Reza, the former Shah, gets put onto a

1191
01:01:44,280 --> 01:01:47,320
Speaker 2: British boat. He goes to Mauritius first in the Indian Ocean,

1192
01:01:48,040 --> 01:01:49,800
Speaker 2: but he doesn't like the climate and he eventually is

1193
01:01:49,840 --> 01:01:53,920
Speaker 2: taken to Johannesburg, South Africa, where he stays under house arrest,

1194
01:01:54,160 --> 01:01:56,720
Speaker 2: dying from a heart attack in nineteen forty four. And

1195
01:01:56,760 --> 01:01:58,320
Speaker 2: that's the end of his life.

1196
01:01:58,920 --> 01:02:01,960
Speaker 3: That that's fascinating. First of all, when I heard that

1197
01:02:02,000 --> 01:02:03,880
Speaker 3: we were doing the show, I had the wrong show

1198
01:02:04,040 --> 01:02:06,040
Speaker 3: in mind. So this is fascinating because this is the

1199
01:02:06,080 --> 01:02:09,600
Speaker 3: Shaw I know the least about. So that's really interesting

1200
01:02:09,640 --> 01:02:11,000
Speaker 3: to get all this background.

1201
01:02:11,480 --> 01:02:12,800
Speaker 2: I thought this was all going to be the first

1202
01:02:12,800 --> 01:02:14,800
Speaker 2: like two pages of a script. On the other shot,

1203
01:02:14,840 --> 01:02:16,600
Speaker 2: I was like, this is just the context we need,

1204
01:02:16,640 --> 01:02:19,600
Speaker 2: and I just found it so interesting and worth telling,

1205
01:02:19,760 --> 01:02:22,520
Speaker 2: and I like, especially once I hit the fucking Great

1206
01:02:22,520 --> 01:02:24,680
Speaker 2: Persian fam and I was like, well shit, this like

1207
01:02:24,760 --> 01:02:27,560
Speaker 2: I need to refocus these episodes.

1208
01:02:27,760 --> 01:02:30,560
Speaker 3: No, absolutely, And I do think it's so important because

1209
01:02:30,560 --> 01:02:34,120
Speaker 3: it lays out the groundwork for what happens next, Yeah,

1210
01:02:34,120 --> 01:02:36,560
Speaker 3: really importantly, and it makes it so much easier to

1211
01:02:36,640 --> 01:02:40,840
Speaker 3: understand what happens next. I was under the impression that

1212
01:02:40,920 --> 01:02:44,240
Speaker 3: he had flirted with the Nazis just because he hated

1213
01:02:44,240 --> 01:02:46,840
Speaker 3: the British so much, but I didn't. I didn't realize

1214
01:02:46,840 --> 01:02:50,960
Speaker 3: he was quite so sympathetic. It sounds like the Allies

1215
01:02:51,000 --> 01:02:53,560
Speaker 3: had their their fears, which may or may not have

1216
01:02:53,600 --> 01:02:56,080
Speaker 3: been grounded, but yeah, makes sense as to why they

1217
01:02:56,120 --> 01:02:59,280
Speaker 3: went in and deposed him. It's always weird to me

1218
01:02:59,360 --> 01:03:02,600
Speaker 3: that dynamic, like I because like, what does that mean?

1219
01:03:02,760 --> 01:03:05,040
Speaker 3: As the sun? How do you stay behind? And that's

1220
01:03:05,040 --> 01:03:06,959
Speaker 3: just so weird. I guess you have to. You feel

1221
01:03:06,960 --> 01:03:10,040
Speaker 3: like it's your duty. In the best case scenario, you.

1222
01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:13,640
Speaker 2: Get to be the king. Your dad's never been that great,

1223
01:03:13,960 --> 01:03:16,800
Speaker 2: you're twenty one, probably always figured you could do a

1224
01:03:16,840 --> 01:03:17,560
Speaker 2: better job.

1225
01:03:17,960 --> 01:03:20,080
Speaker 3: I mean, I'm curious because at this time, I think

1226
01:03:20,280 --> 01:03:24,080
Speaker 3: the twenty one year old Mohammed Resishaw the Sun was

1227
01:03:24,560 --> 01:03:28,120
Speaker 3: just out there in like Europe, hanging out like with

1228
01:03:28,160 --> 01:03:33,280
Speaker 3: like B grade celebrities and actresses and partying hard. So

1229
01:03:33,320 --> 01:03:35,280
Speaker 3: I didn't I'm curious to know where he was at

1230
01:03:35,320 --> 01:03:37,840
Speaker 3: in the stage in his life. But we'll have to

1231
01:03:37,840 --> 01:03:40,080
Speaker 3: get to it as some other point three more episodes.

1232
01:03:40,120 --> 01:03:45,000
Speaker 2: Please, yeah, don't worry. We will, friends, we will, but

1233
01:03:45,400 --> 01:03:47,640
Speaker 2: we're not going to do that today. Today we're going

1234
01:03:47,680 --> 01:03:50,440
Speaker 2: to do something else. We're going to end the episode

1235
01:03:50,680 --> 01:03:52,040
Speaker 2: with you plugging your pluggables.

1236
01:03:52,080 --> 01:03:55,800
Speaker 3: Wow, beautiful, you're very good at this. Uh So, if

1237
01:03:55,840 --> 01:03:58,360
Speaker 3: you like this show, I think there's a very good

1238
01:03:58,400 --> 01:04:00,640
Speaker 3: chance you're going to like my podcast, The How of Pod.

1239
01:04:01,080 --> 01:04:04,280
Speaker 3: It is a humor adjacent medical podcast. I have on

1240
01:04:04,360 --> 01:04:08,560
Speaker 3: a rotating crew of co hosts and I try to

1241
01:04:08,800 --> 01:04:12,880
Speaker 3: mix up medical expertise and people who are just fun

1242
01:04:13,200 --> 01:04:16,320
Speaker 3: and I like to be around, like Robert and Sophie,

1243
01:04:16,360 --> 01:04:19,480
Speaker 3: for example, And we'll talk about important metical topics, we'll

1244
01:04:19,480 --> 01:04:23,400
Speaker 3: talk about medical grifters, and you know, I guarantee you

1245
01:04:23,480 --> 01:04:25,680
Speaker 3: it's more fun than sounds. So check out the House

1246
01:04:25,720 --> 01:04:28,640
Speaker 3: of Pod anywhere you get your podcasts. Our most recent

1247
01:04:28,840 --> 01:04:31,680
Speaker 3: episodes include Influence Versus Evidence, which is a lot of

1248
01:04:31,720 --> 01:04:34,160
Speaker 3: what we talked about earlier today. It's a lot of

1249
01:04:34,200 --> 01:04:37,160
Speaker 3: looking at how we decide what happens in our healthcare

1250
01:04:37,240 --> 01:04:41,800
Speaker 3: now and how we're drifting away from evidence. So anyways,

1251
01:04:41,840 --> 01:04:43,600
Speaker 3: you'll like it, I promise.

1252
01:04:44,200 --> 01:04:46,919
Speaker 2: Well, everybody that's been Behind the Bastards for this week.

1253
01:04:47,080 --> 01:04:49,760
Speaker 2: Check back next week we will talk about someone else

1254
01:04:49,760 --> 01:04:52,360
Speaker 2: who's sucked, you know, someone different.

1255
01:04:55,680 --> 01:04:58,280
Speaker 1: Behind the Bastards is a production of cool Zone Media.

1256
01:04:58,440 --> 01:05:01,640
Speaker 1: For more from cool Zone Media, visit our website Coolzonemedia

1257
01:05:01,680 --> 01:05:04,360
Speaker 1: dot com or check us out on the iHeartRadio app,

1258
01:05:04,360 --> 01:05:08,280
Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Full video

1259
01:05:08,320 --> 01:05:11,000
Speaker 1: episodes that Behind the Bastards are now streaming on Netflix,

1260
01:05:11,080 --> 01:05:14,200
Speaker 1: dropping every Tuesday and Thursday. Kit remind me on Netflix

1261
01:05:14,240 --> 01:05:16,960
Speaker 1: you don't miss an episode. For clips in our older

1262
01:05:16,960 --> 01:05:20,600
Speaker 1: episode catalog, continue to subscribe to our YouTube channel YouTube

1263
01:05:20,640 --> 01:05:24,520
Speaker 1: dot com slash at Behind the Bastards. We love about

1264
01:05:24,600 --> 01:05:26,640
Speaker 1: forty percent of you, statistically speaking,