1 00:00:02,840 --> 00:00:06,880 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:11,360 Speaker 1: Cal's weekend review, presented by Steel. Steel products are available 3 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,160 Speaker 1: only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel Dealers 4 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:22,360 Speaker 1: dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan. A 5 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:26,639 Speaker 1: ten foot long, three ft wide coffin carved out of 6 00:00:26,680 --> 00:00:30,240 Speaker 1: a single oak tree, was discovered by accident in a 7 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:34,800 Speaker 1: pond at the Techni Golf Club in Lincolnshire, United Kingdom, 8 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:39,440 Speaker 1: which is super exciting for golf. Inside the coffin were 9 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:42,120 Speaker 1: the remains of a five ft nine inch man and 10 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:45,280 Speaker 1: a stone axe dating back to the Bronze Age about 11 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:49,400 Speaker 1: four thousand years ago. Now five ft nine inches was, 12 00:00:49,520 --> 00:00:53,400 Speaker 1: as far as we know, a very tall individual four 13 00:00:53,440 --> 00:00:56,600 Speaker 1: thousand years ago, and as the stone axe tells you, 14 00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:00,360 Speaker 1: not all things were bronze in the Bronze Age. The 15 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:05,039 Speaker 1: ancient water logged wood of the coffin began to deteriorate 16 00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:09,440 Speaker 1: immediately upon hitting the hot air of an unseasonable dry 17 00:01:09,520 --> 00:01:13,679 Speaker 1: spell in Lincolnshire, so the preservation team had to move 18 00:01:13,760 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: quickly to preserve it, but they couldn't because it was 19 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:19,959 Speaker 1: a golf course where nothing is allowed to move fast. 20 00:01:21,560 --> 00:01:24,479 Speaker 1: Now I'm just giving you golfers a hard time. They 21 00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:27,920 Speaker 1: did save the coffin, and I understand that a lot 22 00:01:27,959 --> 00:01:30,880 Speaker 1: of golfers were able to place orders for replicas on 23 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:35,640 Speaker 1: the spot. You know, it's the right demographic for coffin sales. 24 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:39,600 Speaker 1: Imagine if the bronze age man had been wearing a 25 00:01:39,640 --> 00:01:44,640 Speaker 1: pink polo shirt. I mean, all right, I'm kidding. I 26 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:47,640 Speaker 1: do appreciate the fact that, because of the sport of golf, 27 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: golf courses are not just parking lots or condos, so 28 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:56,360 Speaker 1: we have a lot in common. This week, We've got 29 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:59,840 Speaker 1: the e P a wowed Us listener email, and so 30 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:03,120 Speaker 1: much more. But first I'm gonna tell you about my week, 31 00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:09,120 Speaker 1: and my week well ended with youth waterfowl season, and 32 00:02:09,200 --> 00:02:12,840 Speaker 1: that just takes us right to the Snort report. It's short. 33 00:02:14,240 --> 00:02:17,640 Speaker 1: The boys shot really well, better than a lot of 34 00:02:17,639 --> 00:02:23,000 Speaker 1: adults on an opening day of shotgunning thirteen ducks. Mallard, Teal, Lesser, 35 00:02:23,080 --> 00:02:28,560 Speaker 1: scop Reigion, and Snort I believe retrieved them all. She 36 00:02:28,639 --> 00:02:31,639 Speaker 1: did great, really really well, but we still have a 37 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: lot of work to do. One thing of concern, which 38 00:02:35,040 --> 00:02:38,880 Speaker 1: amazingly is not her ear health, but her mental health. 39 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:44,000 Speaker 1: That dog was so serious so obsessed it concerns me 40 00:02:44,680 --> 00:02:48,119 Speaker 1: like there is no puppy left in this little year 41 00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:52,640 Speaker 1: and a half old dog. This is my rifle. Many 42 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:56,560 Speaker 1: like it, but this one is mine. My rifle is 43 00:02:56,639 --> 00:03:06,800 Speaker 1: my best friend. It is my life anyway. Connor right Sam. 44 00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:09,720 Speaker 1: A couple of months ago, I was shooting my compound 45 00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:13,639 Speaker 1: bow at a nearby range. My peep site split into 46 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:17,639 Speaker 1: pieces and detached from the string. One of these fragments 47 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:22,120 Speaker 1: shot directly into my right eye. I'm technically not totally 48 00:03:22,160 --> 00:03:25,240 Speaker 1: blind in my right eye, but the upside potential is 49 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:29,440 Speaker 1: pretty limited. I'll almost definitely need to learn to shoot 50 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:32,480 Speaker 1: left handed. I'm trying to look at that as a 51 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:35,840 Speaker 1: fun challenge to relearn some skills that I really love 52 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:39,600 Speaker 1: and enjoy. What I'm having a little more trouble grasping 53 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:42,520 Speaker 1: is what my future with archery looks like. I don't 54 00:03:42,600 --> 00:03:45,600 Speaker 1: know if I'll ever truly feel comfortable shooting a compound 55 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:49,240 Speaker 1: bow again. I've been fascinated by recurve bow since I 56 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:52,920 Speaker 1: started shooting compound, and I perceived them as being somewhat 57 00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:56,760 Speaker 1: safer than an already very safe compound. I don't have 58 00:03:56,800 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 1: any friends or family who hunt with a traditional bow. 59 00:03:59,720 --> 00:04:02,600 Speaker 1: How much did you have to practice to feel comfortable 60 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:06,200 Speaker 1: hunting with a recurve? Do you think it's reasonable for 61 00:04:06,280 --> 00:04:09,800 Speaker 1: someone basically starting from scratch to begin with a recurve 62 00:04:09,840 --> 00:04:13,000 Speaker 1: bow after the events of the Zoom Wall Prairie Hunt, 63 00:04:13,120 --> 00:04:15,920 Speaker 1: do you still hunt with your trad bow? Any other 64 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:19,360 Speaker 1: insights would be appreciated while I think about this. Ideally 65 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:22,280 Speaker 1: I'd buy one lightly used to save some money while 66 00:04:22,320 --> 00:04:26,320 Speaker 1: I test out traditional archery. But used recurves aren't as 67 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: common as compounds, and finding them in left hand makes 68 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:33,280 Speaker 1: it that much harder. Okay, I'm gonna answer this all right. 69 00:04:33,920 --> 00:04:37,320 Speaker 1: For those listening and not savvy to archery LINGO, traditional 70 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:40,479 Speaker 1: hunting equipment in a very general sense falls into the 71 00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:43,719 Speaker 1: categories of a long bow or a recurve bow. For 72 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:46,599 Speaker 1: a good long bow reference, think of like Brave Heart 73 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:49,839 Speaker 1: when all the archers angle towards the sky and somebody 74 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:52,400 Speaker 1: goes like loose or release or something, and you know, 75 00:04:52,560 --> 00:04:55,760 Speaker 1: good jillion arrows fly out towards the Scottish There. A 76 00:04:55,839 --> 00:05:00,040 Speaker 1: recurve is what that superhero dude in the mar of 77 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:04,480 Speaker 1: All Movies a shooting um. That's about his pop culture reference. 78 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:08,360 Speaker 1: As we get here on the Weekend Review. Hawk Eye, 79 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:13,760 Speaker 1: his name is Hawkeye calm anyway, in regards to a 80 00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:18,279 Speaker 1: compound bow, that's like taking the technological advance of a 81 00:05:18,440 --> 00:05:23,120 Speaker 1: recurve and jacking it up like those overlanding vehicles you 82 00:05:23,160 --> 00:05:29,560 Speaker 1: see on the road. More strings, Pulley's wheel, sites, lights, radar, USB, port, etcetera. 83 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:33,280 Speaker 1: All that jazz makes the compound much more forgiving. An 84 00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:36,440 Speaker 1: archer can draw and hold the bow and wait for 85 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:39,279 Speaker 1: the perfect shot in a way recurve or long bow 86 00:05:39,320 --> 00:05:43,039 Speaker 1: shooter cannot. As you may be thinking, one drawback to 87 00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:47,760 Speaker 1: that super smooth, easy drawback of a compound is there's 88 00:05:47,800 --> 00:05:50,320 Speaker 1: just a lot more stuff, and more stuff means more 89 00:05:50,360 --> 00:05:53,599 Speaker 1: stuff can go wrong, as in Connor's story of a 90 00:05:53,760 --> 00:05:57,640 Speaker 1: component flying off and hitting him in his eye. You'll 91 00:05:57,640 --> 00:06:00,240 Speaker 1: shoot your eye out, kid. Is not typically what you 92 00:06:00,279 --> 00:06:03,000 Speaker 1: hear when somebody shoots a compound bow, but in this 93 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:06,280 Speaker 1: case it happened. The other reference here that you may 94 00:06:06,320 --> 00:06:08,720 Speaker 1: not be getting is that of a hunt that I 95 00:06:08,760 --> 00:06:11,760 Speaker 1: did with a guy named Chad Dotson of the Nature 96 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:15,320 Speaker 1: Conservancy on a property called the zoom Walt Prairie Preserve. 97 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:17,480 Speaker 1: You can catch that on the meat Eator YouTube channel. 98 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:20,640 Speaker 1: During that hunt, I was hunting with a long bow. 99 00:06:21,080 --> 00:06:24,200 Speaker 1: I took a shot in which, at least now I 100 00:06:24,279 --> 00:06:26,960 Speaker 1: kind of figure I miss judged the distance and made 101 00:06:27,080 --> 00:06:31,280 Speaker 1: a bad hit on a bowl low on his driver's 102 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:35,640 Speaker 1: side humorous, which after a short jog, snapped and the 103 00:06:35,680 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 1: bold tumbled off several cliffs until it came to arrest 104 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:42,640 Speaker 1: dead at the bottom of a wickedly steep canyon. So 105 00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: when Connor asks do you still hunt with your trad bow, 106 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:49,160 Speaker 1: what he is really asking is, hey, I saw you 107 00:06:49,200 --> 00:06:52,200 Speaker 1: screwed up with a traditional bow. In this case, it 108 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:54,480 Speaker 1: was a long bow. Do you still hunt with that 109 00:06:54,520 --> 00:06:57,480 Speaker 1: thing you screwed up with? The short answer is known, 110 00:06:58,040 --> 00:07:00,800 Speaker 1: but that is not the full answer, So stick around here. 111 00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:04,159 Speaker 1: I do support you Connor in getting a hold of 112 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:08,039 Speaker 1: a recurve and practicing. I started shooting a recurve a 113 00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:12,480 Speaker 1: ton with zero intention of hunting with one. It was addictive. 114 00:07:12,560 --> 00:07:14,760 Speaker 1: It's fun to try something new, it's fun to learn 115 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:19,800 Speaker 1: you Connor, are still a compound bow shooter. My suggestion 116 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: is shooting a recurve with the same demands of a 117 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:30,800 Speaker 1: compound shooter, tight groups, tuned arrows, repetition than more repetition. 118 00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:34,720 Speaker 1: Shoot to get good at shooting and leave hunting out 119 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:38,280 Speaker 1: of it for the time being. In my personal archery journey, 120 00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:41,280 Speaker 1: I learned with a compound, hunted with a compound, then 121 00:07:41,320 --> 00:07:44,560 Speaker 1: switched to a recurve and eventually hunted with that recurve. 122 00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:46,640 Speaker 1: Then I switched to a long bow and hunted with 123 00:07:46,680 --> 00:07:49,440 Speaker 1: the long bow, and have decided that for me, the 124 00:07:49,480 --> 00:07:53,280 Speaker 1: recurve is my happy medium. I practiced a lot with 125 00:07:53,360 --> 00:07:56,360 Speaker 1: the long bow, but I never could feel as good 126 00:07:56,360 --> 00:07:58,960 Speaker 1: with it or stack arrows on a target with it 127 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:02,560 Speaker 1: at any sort of extants as consistently as I could 128 00:08:02,760 --> 00:08:06,280 Speaker 1: with my recurve bow. So do I still hunt with 129 00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:10,560 Speaker 1: a traditional bow, Yes, but it's a traditional recurve bow, 130 00:08:10,920 --> 00:08:14,240 Speaker 1: not a traditional long bow. As for any other advice 131 00:08:14,480 --> 00:08:18,360 Speaker 1: in this journey of yours, Connor, stay away from the 132 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:22,440 Speaker 1: traditional archery crowd that says things like, you know, I 133 00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:27,480 Speaker 1: shoot instinctively, but I just can't shoot targets. Practice as 134 00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:31,680 Speaker 1: you would with your compound. Get consistent, no your ranges. 135 00:08:32,280 --> 00:08:36,240 Speaker 1: Don't think about hunting until you can shoot. You'll get there. 136 00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:38,520 Speaker 1: It's gonna be really hard, and I bet it's gonna 137 00:08:38,520 --> 00:08:40,959 Speaker 1: be frustrating, but you'll get there, and I'm gonna try 138 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:44,320 Speaker 1: to help you out here. If anyone listening out there 139 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:48,480 Speaker 1: has a line on a used lefty recurve right in 140 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:51,360 Speaker 1: two A S K C A L, that's asked cal 141 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,520 Speaker 1: at the mediator dot com, and I'll set you up 142 00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:57,600 Speaker 1: with Connor, who signs off with happy hunting and where 143 00:08:57,600 --> 00:09:03,600 Speaker 1: are your eye protection xed up crime desk? If you 144 00:09:03,640 --> 00:09:08,640 Speaker 1: recall the Kansas case of landowner Tim Nedot, which could 145 00:09:08,679 --> 00:09:12,040 Speaker 1: be pronounced Nado, which would be cool like Chris Lado 146 00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:15,560 Speaker 1: out of Casey, Wyoming. But I'm not sure that that 147 00:09:15,640 --> 00:09:18,320 Speaker 1: association is fitting, so We're gonna stick with the dough. 148 00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:22,800 Speaker 1: Back in November of two thousand eleven, a convicted poetry 149 00:09:22,840 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: by the name of David Kent shot a buck on 150 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:31,719 Speaker 1: Nodot property, not Tim Nedo property, but Mother Nodot property. 151 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:35,240 Speaker 1: Then the buck jumped the road, which is state or 152 00:09:35,280 --> 00:09:39,320 Speaker 1: county property, and died on someone else's property. I point 153 00:09:39,360 --> 00:09:41,880 Speaker 1: all this out because I think it is important to 154 00:09:41,880 --> 00:09:44,480 Speaker 1: cover how a white tailed deer, which in this case 155 00:09:44,840 --> 00:09:47,840 Speaker 1: is the property of the people of Kansas and managed 156 00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:50,760 Speaker 1: for them by the State of Kansas, can cover a 157 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,080 Speaker 1: lot of property boundaries while it's in the act of 158 00:09:54,120 --> 00:09:57,520 Speaker 1: being shot and killed. So just think of how many 159 00:09:57,640 --> 00:10:02,240 Speaker 1: property boundaries a healthy white tailed buck can cover when 160 00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:05,920 Speaker 1: it's following its nose during the prime of the November rut. 161 00:10:06,679 --> 00:10:09,720 Speaker 1: The poacher took to bragging about this particular buck, and 162 00:10:09,720 --> 00:10:14,240 Speaker 1: he got pinched when he did. The son of the landowner, Tim, 163 00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:17,080 Speaker 1: came forward wanting a salvage tag for the rack of 164 00:10:17,080 --> 00:10:21,560 Speaker 1: the buck, which the State of Kansas had confiscated. Nadou 165 00:10:21,880 --> 00:10:26,040 Speaker 1: was denied the salvage permit and the fight was on. Eventually, 166 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:29,840 Speaker 1: netto outbid a representative of Bass pro Shops at a 167 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:33,319 Speaker 1: private two person auction which to me sound a little sketchy, 168 00:10:33,400 --> 00:10:36,480 Speaker 1: and was able to claim ownership of the rack for 169 00:10:36,520 --> 00:10:41,280 Speaker 1: sixteen thousand and one dollars. The money went into the 170 00:10:41,280 --> 00:10:44,920 Speaker 1: Operation Game Thief account, which helps fund rewards and other 171 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:48,760 Speaker 1: things related to the conviction of wildlife crime. Here is 172 00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:51,840 Speaker 1: where things get really interesting, and let's you know how 173 00:10:51,880 --> 00:10:56,360 Speaker 1: the might of government can work. The two thousand fourteen 174 00:10:56,520 --> 00:11:01,080 Speaker 1: Kansas legislature, partly in response to the Nadot dispute, passed 175 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:05,080 Speaker 1: a law requiring landowners to be given first refusal rights 176 00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:08,560 Speaker 1: of wildlife post on their property. A key point to 177 00:11:08,679 --> 00:11:13,080 Speaker 1: this legislation was that the statute was not retroactive and 178 00:11:13,160 --> 00:11:17,560 Speaker 1: had no bearing on the Kent Nado situation. In the 179 00:11:17,640 --> 00:11:22,000 Speaker 1: Kansas House in two thousand fifteen, a bill passed mandating 180 00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:25,440 Speaker 1: that the state surrender the highly valued antlers to NADO, 181 00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:29,600 Speaker 1: but it didn't receive sufficient support in the Kansas Senate, 182 00:11:29,800 --> 00:11:32,920 Speaker 1: so it never went anywhere. Right now, you should be 183 00:11:32,960 --> 00:11:37,160 Speaker 1: asking the entire state House took time to vote on 184 00:11:37,240 --> 00:11:41,280 Speaker 1: getting one person a deer rack. Why would that make sense? 185 00:11:41,679 --> 00:11:44,520 Speaker 1: The state of Kansas had no other business that year, Like, 186 00:11:44,679 --> 00:11:49,079 Speaker 1: it doesn't make sense. And finally, Representative Ken Corbett of 187 00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: Topeka took his time to write into a twenty one 188 00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:58,200 Speaker 1: billion dollar two thousand twenty one state budget sixteen thousand 189 00:11:58,440 --> 00:12:01,959 Speaker 1: and one dollars to re imburse netto for the white 190 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:04,840 Speaker 1: tail rack that he paid to obtain in the auction. 191 00:12:05,559 --> 00:12:07,600 Speaker 1: Kind of makes you wonder what else there is in 192 00:12:07,679 --> 00:12:11,200 Speaker 1: state budgets, doesn't it. Here's a quote from the Kansas 193 00:12:11,200 --> 00:12:17,000 Speaker 1: Reflector quote Stars Aligned. Representative Corbett said, I had a 194 00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:20,000 Speaker 1: lot of help this year. It's a miracle you can 195 00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:25,040 Speaker 1: make a constituent happy like this end quote. A lot 196 00:12:25,080 --> 00:12:29,360 Speaker 1: of help for a constituent that wants a white tail rack. 197 00:12:30,040 --> 00:12:33,520 Speaker 1: There you have it. Silver lining here. Folks. If you 198 00:12:33,559 --> 00:12:37,240 Speaker 1: are a tax paying, voting citizen, which might be undue 199 00:12:37,240 --> 00:12:40,480 Speaker 1: credit here in the state of Kansas, and have a want, 200 00:12:40,960 --> 00:12:43,920 Speaker 1: not even a need, just you know something that you want, 201 00:12:44,360 --> 00:12:47,440 Speaker 1: people might call it frivolous. It doesn't matter. Now is 202 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:50,679 Speaker 1: the time to call your representative. They have lots of 203 00:12:50,679 --> 00:12:54,880 Speaker 1: help to get important stuff like this done. Well, my 204 00:12:54,960 --> 00:12:57,240 Speaker 1: work is done here. What do you mean you work 205 00:12:57,400 --> 00:13:08,960 Speaker 1: is done? Get it? Do anything? Didn't I Moving on 206 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:12,760 Speaker 1: to the environmental policy Desk, President Biden has a pick 207 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:16,600 Speaker 1: to head the Environmental Protection Agency, a fella named Michael Reagan. 208 00:13:17,240 --> 00:13:19,880 Speaker 1: Reagan and the e p A are looking to change 209 00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:23,920 Speaker 1: how the federal government manages the nation's waterways, and the 210 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:28,559 Speaker 1: controversy is already starting to heat up. First a quick 211 00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:32,480 Speaker 1: history lesson. In Congress amended the Clean Water Act to 212 00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:38,520 Speaker 1: establish federal jurisdiction over navigable waters, defined in the Act 213 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:42,480 Speaker 1: as Waters of the United States or wowed US for short. 214 00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:45,920 Speaker 1: At that time, many of the nation's rivers and streams 215 00:13:45,960 --> 00:13:50,000 Speaker 1: were badly polluted by industrial and agricultural waste, and the 216 00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:53,199 Speaker 1: Clean Water Act went a long way towards cleaning up 217 00:13:53,240 --> 00:13:57,040 Speaker 1: that mess. The controversy stems from how the federal government 218 00:13:57,080 --> 00:14:02,120 Speaker 1: defines navigable waters. Do navigate bowl waters only include large 219 00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:06,040 Speaker 1: rivers and lakes? What about the tributaries and wetlands connected 220 00:14:06,080 --> 00:14:09,280 Speaker 1: to those larger bodies of water. If a rancher has 221 00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:11,960 Speaker 1: a pond that he can float a boat on, is 222 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:16,040 Speaker 1: that pond under federal jurisdiction? What about a creek that's 223 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:18,360 Speaker 1: dry for most of the year, but when it's wet 224 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:21,600 Speaker 1: connects to a tributary which connects to let's say the 225 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:24,520 Speaker 1: Colorado River. I could go on, but you should be 226 00:14:24,520 --> 00:14:28,480 Speaker 1: getting the idea. What sounds simple is actually super complicated, 227 00:14:28,560 --> 00:14:31,800 Speaker 1: and the e PAS definition of this fluid term can 228 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:37,320 Speaker 1: have serious implications for farmers, ranchers, and even small non 229 00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:41,240 Speaker 1: agricultural landowners. If the e PA determines a body of 230 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:45,360 Speaker 1: water falls under the WOTAS definition, it can place real 231 00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:49,200 Speaker 1: limitations on how a landowner can use his or her property. 232 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:51,920 Speaker 1: On the other hand, e p A rules can stop 233 00:14:51,960 --> 00:14:56,760 Speaker 1: a polluting landowner from damaging ecosystems that expand far beyond 234 00:14:56,960 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: his property lines. As I've said many many times, a 235 00:15:00,440 --> 00:15:04,560 Speaker 1: three strand barbed wire fence does not stop pollution the 236 00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:08,040 Speaker 1: Supreme Court has weighed in three separate times to help 237 00:15:08,080 --> 00:15:14,440 Speaker 1: clarify this issue. They affirmed that wetlands count as WoT 238 00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:19,200 Speaker 1: us because they are inseparably bound up with navigable waters. 239 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:22,800 Speaker 1: In two thousand one, the Court determined that non navigable 240 00:15:22,960 --> 00:15:27,440 Speaker 1: isolated interstate ponds do not count as wotas, even if 241 00:15:27,480 --> 00:15:31,360 Speaker 1: they are used by migratory birds. Finally, in two thousand 242 00:15:31,400 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: and six, the Court determined that wotas must possess a 243 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:40,400 Speaker 1: significant nexus to waters that are or we're navigable. What 244 00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:44,640 Speaker 1: does all that mean? Good question. You probably noticed that 245 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:48,240 Speaker 1: there's still tons of wiggle room in those definitions, and 246 00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:51,920 Speaker 1: the e p A has been given discretion to decide 247 00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:56,080 Speaker 1: whether this or that body of water should be considered wotas. 248 00:15:56,640 --> 00:15:59,720 Speaker 1: The Obama administration caused a big fuss in two thousand 249 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: fifth team when it tried to clarify the definition of 250 00:16:02,760 --> 00:16:06,400 Speaker 1: wotas and in the process expanded the e p A 251 00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:11,040 Speaker 1: as jurisdiction. The right blasted the rule as federal overreach, 252 00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:15,200 Speaker 1: and farmers worried their irrigation canals and usually dry creek 253 00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:19,560 Speaker 1: beds would suddenly be subject to ep A regulation. Then, 254 00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:23,520 Speaker 1: in two thousand eighteen, the Trump administration repealed the rule 255 00:16:23,680 --> 00:16:26,920 Speaker 1: and replaced it with their own, which removed protections that 256 00:16:26,960 --> 00:16:32,040 Speaker 1: Obama had instituted, including protections of many wetland ecosystems, as 257 00:16:32,080 --> 00:16:35,000 Speaker 1: in the kind of wetlands that ducks need to thrive. 258 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:39,200 Speaker 1: The left in turn blasted Trump's move as an attack 259 00:16:39,280 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: on the environment, and environmentalists worried that we'd return to 260 00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:47,760 Speaker 1: pre nine two pollution that brings us to the present 261 00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:51,080 Speaker 1: day and e p A Chief Michael Reagan. The e 262 00:16:51,240 --> 00:16:54,239 Speaker 1: p A, along with the Department of the Army, announced 263 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:59,760 Speaker 1: in June their intention to redefine or re redefine wotas 264 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:04,960 Speaker 1: and navigable waters. They argue that the Trump era rules 265 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:10,040 Speaker 1: significantly reduced clean water protections, which has especially affected arid 266 00:17:10,080 --> 00:17:13,200 Speaker 1: states like New Mexico and Arizona. They promised to take 267 00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:17,399 Speaker 1: the opinions of all stakeholders into account and offer a 268 00:17:17,400 --> 00:17:22,199 Speaker 1: WOTAS definition that both protects water resources and can be 269 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:27,560 Speaker 1: practically implemented. Important to note that the implementation part of 270 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:32,640 Speaker 1: this is extremely tricky. Both the Obama era changes and 271 00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:36,399 Speaker 1: Trump era changes have been so locked up in litigation 272 00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:39,920 Speaker 1: that it is hard to call them change, but it 273 00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:42,919 Speaker 1: is easy to look at these changes and get an 274 00:17:42,960 --> 00:17:46,760 Speaker 1: idea of who it is you're dealing with. It's anyone's 275 00:17:46,800 --> 00:17:50,240 Speaker 1: guess what the new rule will say, but the controversy 276 00:17:50,320 --> 00:17:54,720 Speaker 1: has already reignited, especially in the Southwest. The Houston Chronicle, 277 00:17:54,880 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: for example, just published an article highlighting how the new 278 00:17:58,640 --> 00:18:02,880 Speaker 1: rule might affect dry creek beds in West Texas. If 279 00:18:02,880 --> 00:18:05,520 Speaker 1: you've ever been to the Southwest in the summer, you've 280 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:08,840 Speaker 1: probably seen dried out creek bottoms that don't look like 281 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:12,440 Speaker 1: they've contained water for many years. In fact, those dry 282 00:18:12,520 --> 00:18:15,760 Speaker 1: creeks flow with water for portions of every year, and 283 00:18:15,800 --> 00:18:19,479 Speaker 1: the e p A estimates that one eighteen million people 284 00:18:19,720 --> 00:18:23,720 Speaker 1: rely on those beds and the lowlands that surround them. 285 00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:28,280 Speaker 1: Reagan hasn't said whether those usually dry creeks would fall 286 00:18:28,400 --> 00:18:33,439 Speaker 1: under federal jurisdiction, but during the Obama administration, tributaries of 287 00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:36,919 Speaker 1: navigable rivers only needed a bed, a bank, and a 288 00:18:37,040 --> 00:18:41,399 Speaker 1: high water mark to be considered wotus no water necessary, 289 00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:43,720 Speaker 1: at least not for most of the year. You can 290 00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:46,840 Speaker 1: imagine how this sort of regulation might strike either side 291 00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:49,640 Speaker 1: of the debate. The e p A wants to protect 292 00:18:49,640 --> 00:18:53,400 Speaker 1: our nation's navigable waters, and that means preserving the waterways 293 00:18:53,480 --> 00:18:57,159 Speaker 1: that connect and flow into those bodies. Landowners see a 294 00:18:57,240 --> 00:19:00,199 Speaker 1: dry creek bed and wonder why the presence of that 295 00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:02,919 Speaker 1: bed would require them to apply for a permit to 296 00:19:02,960 --> 00:19:06,280 Speaker 1: plant crops on their own property, which is more of 297 00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:09,639 Speaker 1: an example for the sake of argument than a reality. 298 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:13,199 Speaker 1: It's a slippery issue. There's no denying that, and I 299 00:19:13,240 --> 00:19:16,199 Speaker 1: won't pretend to have a clear cut answer. As with 300 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:19,480 Speaker 1: any conservation question, the rule should be based in good 301 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:23,320 Speaker 1: science and take all stakeholders into account. Water is one 302 00:19:23,359 --> 00:19:27,840 Speaker 1: of our nation's most important resources. It's only getting more important, 303 00:19:28,160 --> 00:19:30,600 Speaker 1: not only for us, but for the game and fish 304 00:19:30,640 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 1: species we love to pursue. Deciding on how to protect 305 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:37,560 Speaker 1: the resource is difficult, but if you ask me, it's 306 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:40,480 Speaker 1: worth the headache to find a solution that both sides 307 00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:43,480 Speaker 1: can live with. If you'd like to weigh in, the 308 00:19:43,480 --> 00:19:45,920 Speaker 1: e p A has said it will give the public 309 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:50,160 Speaker 1: an opportunity to comment on their new definitions once they're released. 310 00:19:50,600 --> 00:19:55,520 Speaker 1: Stay tuned for more updates, ideally one that says, my god, 311 00:19:55,960 --> 00:20:00,440 Speaker 1: the pendulum does not fall extreme right or left, but angles. 312 00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:05,239 Speaker 1: They're in the very uncommon middle. Now for round up 313 00:20:05,520 --> 00:20:10,920 Speaker 1: of bat related news. Scientists in Costa Rica have discovered 314 00:20:10,920 --> 00:20:14,520 Speaker 1: that bats who rely primarily on banana plantations for their 315 00:20:14,560 --> 00:20:18,080 Speaker 1: diet are fatter and have unhealthier guts than bats and 316 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:21,679 Speaker 1: natural forest habitat. Instead of flying all over the jungle 317 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:24,959 Speaker 1: eating nectar from dozens of different plants, these bats just 318 00:20:25,040 --> 00:20:28,400 Speaker 1: stay near huge plantations of bananas and mosey from one 319 00:20:28,440 --> 00:20:31,720 Speaker 1: tree to another, eating to their hearts content. Kind of 320 00:20:31,760 --> 00:20:35,160 Speaker 1: like if you or I drove from McDonald's to McDonald's, 321 00:20:35,200 --> 00:20:43,520 Speaker 1: getting a large coke and fries at each one. Now, 322 00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:46,840 Speaker 1: sometimes I'm very jealous of the job of biologists. They 323 00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:49,600 Speaker 1: get to be out there among the animals learning cool stuff. 324 00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:52,320 Speaker 1: But this next part, you know, I'm kind of luke 325 00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:56,800 Speaker 1: warm on. The scientists collected the feces of banana plantation 326 00:20:56,840 --> 00:21:00,600 Speaker 1: bats and wild bats and measured the bacteria diver in 327 00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:04,199 Speaker 1: each sample of bat poop. The forest bats had a 328 00:21:04,280 --> 00:21:08,000 Speaker 1: gut biome almost twice as diverse as those snacking on 329 00:21:08,119 --> 00:21:14,000 Speaker 1: monoculture banana blossoms. You've probably heard microbiome before, the world 330 00:21:14,200 --> 00:21:17,720 Speaker 1: of different bacteria living in the digestive system of a 331 00:21:17,760 --> 00:21:20,320 Speaker 1: given animal. There are more of these little guys in 332 00:21:20,359 --> 00:21:22,439 Speaker 1: your gut than there are in the cells and the 333 00:21:22,440 --> 00:21:25,240 Speaker 1: rest of your body. And the more different kinds you have, 334 00:21:25,560 --> 00:21:29,160 Speaker 1: the better you can digest. Food that leads to all 335 00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:32,480 Speaker 1: kinds of important stuff like how well you think and 336 00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:37,560 Speaker 1: even if you're depressed or not. Interestingly, organic banana plantations 337 00:21:37,720 --> 00:21:41,320 Speaker 1: had bats with gut biomes much closer to the forest bats. 338 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:45,040 Speaker 1: So next time you're loading up the kids lunchbox, think 339 00:21:45,040 --> 00:21:48,520 Speaker 1: about putting a fancy organic banana in there, and maybe 340 00:21:48,520 --> 00:21:54,320 Speaker 1: you'll help keep a bat out there slim and trim. 341 00:21:54,359 --> 00:21:58,000 Speaker 1: Here's a couple of quick banana facts. Americans eat almost 342 00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:01,400 Speaker 1: eight billion pounds of bananas a year, more than all 343 00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: the apples and oranges we eat combined. Although there are 344 00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:08,400 Speaker 1: thousands of different banana varieties out there, the one we're 345 00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:11,560 Speaker 1: all used to in the supermarket is called the Caven dish, 346 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:14,320 Speaker 1: which has a tough skin, stays right for a long time, 347 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 1: and doesn't bruise easily. Almost all the bananas and Central 348 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:22,040 Speaker 1: America are Caven dishes, and after Cyclone Larry wiped out 349 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:27,000 Speaker 1: most of the banana plantations in Australia, of the world's 350 00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:32,040 Speaker 1: exported bananas are now the Cavendish kind. Caven dishes are 351 00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:36,760 Speaker 1: extremely vulnerable to the fungus called tropical race four, and 352 00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:40,560 Speaker 1: several times outbreaks of the fungus have almost spread around 353 00:22:40,560 --> 00:22:44,680 Speaker 1: the world, threatening to disrupt the entire world's banana supply. 354 00:22:45,520 --> 00:22:48,240 Speaker 1: So what I'm saying here is, don't take that fruit 355 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:51,200 Speaker 1: your toddler has smeared all over its face. For granted, 356 00:22:52,200 --> 00:22:57,639 Speaker 1: Washington State has had a recent outbreak of white nose syndrome, 357 00:22:57,840 --> 00:23:00,440 Speaker 1: which is caused by the fungus suit O him no 358 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:04,480 Speaker 1: ask us destructans colonizing the skin on a bat's face. 359 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:07,320 Speaker 1: It sort of looks like that bat is wearing an 360 00:23:07,359 --> 00:23:11,400 Speaker 1: n mask made out of chalk, or doing an impression 361 00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:14,359 Speaker 1: of Tony Montana sticking his face in a mountain of 362 00:23:14,800 --> 00:23:19,280 Speaker 1: white powder at the end of Scarface Chico. First you'll 363 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:24,119 Speaker 1: get the bananas, and then you get the whoa. Bats 364 00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:26,680 Speaker 1: who get this fungus growing on their skin and wings 365 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:29,879 Speaker 1: will often leave the roofs before they're done hibernating for 366 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:33,480 Speaker 1: the winner, causing them to die of dehydration or starvation. 367 00:23:34,119 --> 00:23:36,760 Speaker 1: First document in New York State in two thousand and six, 368 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,840 Speaker 1: The affliction has since spread to thirty three states in 369 00:23:39,840 --> 00:23:44,040 Speaker 1: the US and seven provinces in Canada, causing populations to 370 00:23:44,119 --> 00:23:47,800 Speaker 1: crash all over the continent. This is bad news as 371 00:23:47,880 --> 00:23:51,240 Speaker 1: bats are major pollinators for all kinds of wild plants 372 00:23:51,359 --> 00:23:54,560 Speaker 1: as well as commercial crops, including the blue agave, a 373 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:58,479 Speaker 1: cactus that grows in Arizona and northern Mexico. The agave 374 00:23:58,960 --> 00:24:01,359 Speaker 1: is used to make kila, so if you want to 375 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:05,640 Speaker 1: keep drinking Margharita's or ranch waters, you best take care 376 00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:10,320 Speaker 1: of your bats. Bats also eat all kinds of flying insects, 377 00:24:10,640 --> 00:24:12,520 Speaker 1: so if you like drinking margharita is on your back 378 00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:16,320 Speaker 1: porch while not getting bitten by mosquitoes, you should take 379 00:24:16,359 --> 00:24:20,399 Speaker 1: care of bats. The p destruct Dan's fungus is killed 380 00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:23,680 Speaker 1: by ultra violet light, so scientists are trying to develop 381 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:27,600 Speaker 1: feeders that would shine UV light onto bat snouts as 382 00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:31,320 Speaker 1: they come in to eat. That's not likely to eradicate 383 00:24:31,359 --> 00:24:34,600 Speaker 1: white nose syndrome entirely, but it could limit the spread 384 00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:38,760 Speaker 1: and bats are probably part of the ray of crowd anyway. 385 00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:42,320 Speaker 1: We'll keep our fingers crossed. Final stop for this episode. 386 00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:46,560 Speaker 1: A study conducted in Panama has shown that female vampire 387 00:24:46,600 --> 00:24:51,000 Speaker 1: bats go out on blood hunting expeditions in social groups, 388 00:24:51,040 --> 00:24:53,720 Speaker 1: sort of like in high school when gals would go 389 00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:56,560 Speaker 1: to the bathroom in pairs, but in this case they're 390 00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,680 Speaker 1: out picking moons open on the back of cattle for 391 00:24:59,720 --> 00:25:02,560 Speaker 1: four to your soul minutes and sucking their blood. You're 392 00:25:02,600 --> 00:25:06,960 Speaker 1: like really pretty, thank you, So you agree, what do 393 00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:11,760 Speaker 1: you think? You're really pretty? Up until now, scientists have 394 00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:15,040 Speaker 1: been pretty good at identifying certain bats who paired up 395 00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:18,399 Speaker 1: in the rus to groom each other. Vampire bats groom 396 00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:21,639 Speaker 1: each other more than any other bat species. We know 397 00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:25,879 Speaker 1: from primates that grooming is an important bonding behavior, and 398 00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:29,119 Speaker 1: so it would make sense that bats, the only mammal 399 00:25:29,280 --> 00:25:32,800 Speaker 1: capable of sustained and continuous flight, would use that social 400 00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:36,280 Speaker 1: bond when out gathering food too. Now, when I say 401 00:25:36,320 --> 00:25:40,320 Speaker 1: the only mammal capable of sustained and continuous flight, that's 402 00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:44,080 Speaker 1: how we like differentiate between a flying squirrel, right, it's 403 00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:49,600 Speaker 1: actual flight, not gliding anyway. In order to track individual bats, 404 00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:54,639 Speaker 1: engineers with Ohio State University and the Smithsonian developed tiny 405 00:25:54,800 --> 00:25:58,239 Speaker 1: proximity sensors that they attached to fifty bats, and then 406 00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:01,239 Speaker 1: they installed additional sensors on you by plants and on 407 00:26:01,400 --> 00:26:04,840 Speaker 1: cattle themselves. The data from the sensor showed that Although 408 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:08,880 Speaker 1: female bats don't leave the roost together, they reconnect, cooperate 409 00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:11,400 Speaker 1: in opening a wound on a cow, and then take 410 00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:15,640 Speaker 1: turns feeding on the blood. The researchers also developed new 411 00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:19,600 Speaker 1: recording technology to discern the noises made by the bats, 412 00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:22,920 Speaker 1: and it turns out that an up and down song 413 00:26:23,160 --> 00:26:26,720 Speaker 1: with the study called an N shaped feeding call allowed 414 00:26:26,760 --> 00:26:29,640 Speaker 1: the bats to find each other. Makes you wonder what 415 00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:39,600 Speaker 1: and yeah does for people? That does it for our background? Up? Now, 416 00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:44,560 Speaker 1: what other podcast is bringing you such top shelf back content? Rogan, 417 00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:48,400 Speaker 1: This American Life, all those true crime podcasts. I don't 418 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:52,359 Speaker 1: think so. Remember, if you're in the market for some 419 00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:57,720 Speaker 1: shears to bust down an antelope, maybe uh clean quiet 420 00:26:58,119 --> 00:27:02,119 Speaker 1: under the seat type of electric steel chainsaw, go to 421 00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:08,320 Speaker 1: www dot steel Dealers dot com and find a knowledgeable, awesome, 422 00:27:08,440 --> 00:27:11,320 Speaker 1: friendly steel dealer near you. They'll get you set up 423 00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:14,800 Speaker 1: with what you need, nothing more, and most importantly, last 424 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:17,120 Speaker 1: but not least, don't forget to let me know what's 425 00:27:17,119 --> 00:27:19,240 Speaker 1: going on in your neck of the woods by writing 426 00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:22,280 Speaker 1: in to a s k C. A L. That's asked 427 00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:26,000 Speaker 1: cal at the Meat Eater dot com. Thanks again and 428 00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:34,800 Speaker 1: I'll talk to you next week.