1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,519 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today. Enjoy the show 2 00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:09,039 Speaker 1: Welcome back to this day in History class, where we 3 00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:21,119 Speaker 1: reveal a new piece of history every day. The day 4 00:00:21,320 --> 00:00:26,319 Speaker 1: was June twelfth, nineteen nine. A Jewish girl named Anna 5 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,400 Speaker 1: Lisa Marie Frank, better known as Anne Frank, was born 6 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:34,280 Speaker 1: in Frankfurt on Mine, Germany, to Edith and Otto Frank. 7 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:38,760 Speaker 1: An Frank is well known for her story of persecution 8 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:43,200 Speaker 1: during the Holocaust, and and her family went into hiding 9 00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:46,519 Speaker 1: in nineteen forty two during the German occupation of the 10 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:51,640 Speaker 1: Netherlands in World War Two. The family was soon discovered 11 00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:56,280 Speaker 1: and sent to concentration camps. Ann's father, Otto, was the 12 00:00:56,360 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: only one in the family to survive the Holocaust, but 13 00:00:59,720 --> 00:01:02,840 Speaker 1: Anne Frank had kept a diary during her time in hiding, 14 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:07,440 Speaker 1: which Otto worked hard to get published. The diary has 15 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:11,640 Speaker 1: now been translated into many languages, sold millions of copies, 16 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:16,120 Speaker 1: and has been adapted for other mediums. Ann Frank was 17 00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:19,880 Speaker 1: born into a family of modest wealth and prominence. Otto 18 00:01:20,040 --> 00:01:23,280 Speaker 1: was a well to do businessman, but after the Nazis 19 00:01:23,319 --> 00:01:26,960 Speaker 1: came to power in Germany, AND's parents decided to move 20 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:31,039 Speaker 1: to Amsterdam, away from so much anti Semitism and a 21 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:36,360 Speaker 1: suffering economy. In Amsterdam, Otto established a company that dealt 22 00:01:36,440 --> 00:01:39,560 Speaker 1: in pecton, which is a substance used as a setting 23 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:43,600 Speaker 1: agent in jams and jellies. As father, mother, and older 24 00:01:43,640 --> 00:01:48,360 Speaker 1: sister Margot emigrated first, and Anne joined them in Amsterdam 25 00:01:48,480 --> 00:01:53,360 Speaker 1: in February of nineteen thirty four, but beginning in May 26 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:58,760 Speaker 1: of nineteen forty, Nazi Germany occupied Amsterdam. After Anne and 27 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:02,120 Speaker 1: her family had settled into life in Amsterdam. Living in 28 00:02:02,160 --> 00:02:05,560 Speaker 1: the Netherlands became dangerous as the Nazis began to persecute 29 00:02:05,600 --> 00:02:09,440 Speaker 1: Jewish people, and was forced to transfer from a public 30 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:12,959 Speaker 1: school to a Jewish school in September of nineteen forty one. 31 00:02:13,560 --> 00:02:17,320 Speaker 1: In nineteen forty two, on her thirteenth birthday, and got 32 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,639 Speaker 1: a plaid diary. But as the Nazis began to send 33 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:25,399 Speaker 1: Jewish people to concentration camps and Marcott got a letter 34 00:02:25,440 --> 00:02:27,760 Speaker 1: of saying she needed to report for work at a 35 00:02:27,840 --> 00:02:32,800 Speaker 1: labor camp, the Frank family went into hiding. On July six. 36 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,960 Speaker 1: They began living in an attic above Auto's office at 37 00:02:35,960 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: Princeton krot To sixty three in her diary and called 38 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:44,079 Speaker 1: their hiding spot the secret annex. The entrance to the 39 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:48,519 Speaker 1: hiding spot was behind a movable bookcase. Some of Otto's 40 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:53,840 Speaker 1: friends and colleagues, including meat Peace, smuggled food, clothes, supplies, 41 00:02:53,880 --> 00:02:57,880 Speaker 1: and information to the Franks. Not long after the family 42 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: began hiding there, they were joined four Dutch Jewish people. 43 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:06,919 Speaker 1: The space was cramped and Anne was often scared. They 44 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:09,640 Speaker 1: had to stay quiet so the people working below could 45 00:03:09,639 --> 00:03:13,640 Speaker 1: not hear them and they could not go outside. Anne 46 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:16,959 Speaker 1: wrote in her diary about the war, her fears, her 47 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,519 Speaker 1: daily life, her hopes for the future, and her personal 48 00:03:20,520 --> 00:03:25,080 Speaker 1: issues and experiences. She even wrote short stories in the diary. 49 00:03:26,320 --> 00:03:30,919 Speaker 1: On August four, nine, just three days after Anne wrote 50 00:03:30,919 --> 00:03:35,600 Speaker 1: her last diary entry, the Gestapo or German secret State police, 51 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:40,520 Speaker 1: discovered the Franks and the people in hiding with them. 52 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:43,760 Speaker 1: It's not clear how the Gestapo found the hiding place, 53 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:48,320 Speaker 1: but a Gestapo official and two Dutch police officers arrested 54 00:03:48,320 --> 00:03:50,640 Speaker 1: the people in hiding and two of the people who 55 00:03:50,640 --> 00:03:54,560 Speaker 1: had been helping them. The Frank family was sent to 56 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:59,600 Speaker 1: Westernborg transit camp on August eight. In early September, the 57 00:03:59,680 --> 00:04:02,480 Speaker 1: frank were put on a train headed to the auschwitz 58 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:07,960 Speaker 1: Bergnal concentration and extermination camp, and her sister Margot and 59 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:11,600 Speaker 1: her mother Edith were chosen to do heavy forced labor. 60 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:15,400 Speaker 1: Otto went to a camp for men. Hundreds of other 61 00:04:15,480 --> 00:04:20,800 Speaker 1: people who were on their train were immediately murdered. In 62 00:04:20,839 --> 00:04:24,600 Speaker 1: October and in Margot were transferred to the bergen Belsen 63 00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:28,760 Speaker 1: concentration camp in northern Germany, while their mother and father 64 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:33,159 Speaker 1: stayed at Auschwitz. Edith died in Auschwitz in January of 65 00:04:33,240 --> 00:04:38,520 Speaker 1: nineteen forty five, just before its evacuation. Otta was found 66 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:42,279 Speaker 1: at Auschwitz when Soviet troops liberated the camp on January. 67 00:04:44,240 --> 00:04:48,760 Speaker 1: Contagious diseases were rampant at concentration camps, and Anne and 68 00:04:48,920 --> 00:04:53,400 Speaker 1: Margot got typhus while at bergen Belson. They died in 69 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:57,719 Speaker 1: February of nineteen forty five of the infectious disease, weeks 70 00:04:57,760 --> 00:05:01,880 Speaker 1: before the camp was liberated. The other people who hid 71 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:05,000 Speaker 1: with the Franks at Princeton Cross to sixty three also 72 00:05:05,120 --> 00:05:09,960 Speaker 1: died in the Holocaust. Nazi Germany officially surrendered to the 73 00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:15,920 Speaker 1: Allies on May seventh, ninety. Otto soon found out that 74 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:20,599 Speaker 1: his wife and children had died, but friends who searched 75 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:24,240 Speaker 1: the Frank's hiding place after the family was arrested returned 76 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,880 Speaker 1: to Otto papers that the Gestapo had left behind. Meet 77 00:05:27,960 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: Peace had preserved Ann's diary and gave it to Otto, 78 00:05:32,120 --> 00:05:36,920 Speaker 1: and Otto helped turn Ann's writings into a manuscript. Anne's 79 00:05:36,920 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 1: account of life in hiding during the Holocaust has since 80 00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:44,840 Speaker 1: kept the Frank legacy alive. I'm Eve Steffcote and hopefully 81 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:47,520 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 82 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:51,600 Speaker 1: did yesterday. But if you want to hear even more history, 83 00:05:51,960 --> 00:05:54,839 Speaker 1: you can listen to a new podcast I host called Unpopular. 84 00:05:55,520 --> 00:05:59,280 Speaker 1: Unpopular is about people in history who defied conventions of 85 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:02,760 Speaker 1: their time and we're sometimes persecuted for it. You can 86 00:06:02,800 --> 00:06:05,560 Speaker 1: listen wherever you listen to This Day in History Class, 87 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:09,960 Speaker 1: and if you're so inclined, you can follow us at 88 00:06:10,120 --> 00:06:15,760 Speaker 1: T D i h C podcast on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. 89 00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:25,799 Speaker 1: Thanks again, and we'll see you tomorrow. A quick content 90 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:28,880 Speaker 1: warning before we start the show today. This episode contains 91 00:06:28,920 --> 00:06:34,159 Speaker 1: mention of sexual abuse. Hey y'all, I'm Eves and welcome 92 00:06:34,200 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: to This Day in History Class, a podcast that brings 93 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:42,520 Speaker 1: a little bit of the past to the present. Every day. 94 00:06:46,120 --> 00:06:51,440 Speaker 1: The day was June. Writer and illustrator Juna Barnes was 95 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:55,880 Speaker 1: born in cornwall On Hudson, New York. Barnes is best 96 00:06:55,920 --> 00:07:01,400 Speaker 1: known for writing the modernist novel night Wood Barnes. His grandmother, Zaddle, 97 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,960 Speaker 1: had a big influence on her. Saddle was also a writer, 98 00:07:05,120 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 1: and she advocated causes like spiritualism and the philosophy of 99 00:07:08,839 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: free love. There is some indication that Barnes may have 100 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:16,280 Speaker 1: faced sexual abuse and incests through her family relationships, and 101 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:19,440 Speaker 1: these themes show up in her work, but Junah never 102 00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:23,720 Speaker 1: confirmed this. However, her family did encourage her to marry 103 00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:26,920 Speaker 1: Percy Faulkner, a fifty two year old, when she was 104 00:07:26,960 --> 00:07:30,520 Speaker 1: around eighteen. They only stayed together for a few months. 105 00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:34,400 Speaker 1: Barnes began writing at an early age to support her 106 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:37,680 Speaker 1: mother and brothers. She studied at Pratt Institute and the 107 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:40,240 Speaker 1: Art Students League of New York for a while, and 108 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:43,920 Speaker 1: she worked as a freelancer, writing for magazines and newspapers 109 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:47,040 Speaker 1: like the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, the New York Press, New 110 00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:51,000 Speaker 1: York World Magazine, and New York Morning Telegraph. A lot 111 00:07:51,040 --> 00:07:54,440 Speaker 1: of her work was so called stunt journalism that was subjective. 112 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:58,119 Speaker 1: For instance, in nineteen fourteen, she opted to be forced 113 00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:01,640 Speaker 1: fit to experience what suffrages when hunger strikes were going through. 114 00:08:02,680 --> 00:08:06,160 Speaker 1: In addition to her journalism, Barnes was also writing poems, 115 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:09,600 Speaker 1: short stories in one act plays, as well as creating 116 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:13,760 Speaker 1: drawings that were being published in small press magazines. In 117 00:08:13,840 --> 00:08:17,640 Speaker 1: nineteen fifteen, her chat book called the Book of Repulsive Women, 118 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 1: Eight Rhythms and Five Drawings was published. The chat book 119 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: contained lesbian imagery at a time when writing was being 120 00:08:24,560 --> 00:08:28,920 Speaker 1: censored for sexual content, but the collection avoided censorship as 121 00:08:28,960 --> 00:08:32,480 Speaker 1: censors and some readers did not always understand the references 122 00:08:32,559 --> 00:08:36,679 Speaker 1: in the work. Barnes got some recognition for three one 123 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:39,640 Speaker 1: act plays that were produced by a collective called the 124 00:08:39,640 --> 00:08:44,280 Speaker 1: Province Town Players in nineteen nineteen and nineteen twenty. Barnes 125 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:47,360 Speaker 1: moved to Paris in the nineteen twenties, joining artists and 126 00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:51,679 Speaker 1: writer circles in the city's Left Bank. In nineteen twenty two, 127 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:55,480 Speaker 1: she interviewed writer James Joyce for Vanity Fair, and in 128 00:08:55,559 --> 00:08:59,120 Speaker 1: nineteen twenty three she published a collection of poetry, plays 129 00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:04,040 Speaker 1: and stories called A Book Writer. Barnes's first novel was 130 00:09:04,080 --> 00:09:07,800 Speaker 1: published in The chapters in the book are written in 131 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:12,320 Speaker 1: different styles, and it's believed to be somewhat autobiographical. It 132 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:16,200 Speaker 1: contained themes of sexuality and polygamy, and it was censored 133 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:19,200 Speaker 1: when it was published. When Barnes and her editor were 134 00:09:19,200 --> 00:09:21,120 Speaker 1: told to get rid of some of the texts and 135 00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:24,640 Speaker 1: drawings in the book, Barnes called for asterisk to replace 136 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:27,880 Speaker 1: the censored parts so that there was quote matter for 137 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:32,160 Speaker 1: no speculation were since continuity and beauty have been damaged, 138 00:09:32,559 --> 00:09:34,400 Speaker 1: as she put it in the foreword to the book. 139 00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:39,400 Speaker 1: Her second novel, Nightwood, was published in nineteen thirty six. 140 00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:42,599 Speaker 1: It's considered one of the most influential novels of the 141 00:09:42,640 --> 00:09:46,000 Speaker 1: modernist period. It follows the love affairs of a woman 142 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:49,240 Speaker 1: named Robin Vote in Paris, and it was noted for 143 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:54,120 Speaker 1: explicitly portraying lesbian relationships. It contained moments of humor and 144 00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: moments of tragedy, and it too had to be edited 145 00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:01,440 Speaker 1: because of concerns about censorship. The book got good reviews, 146 00:10:01,679 --> 00:10:05,680 Speaker 1: but it didn't sell that well. After Nightwood was published, 147 00:10:05,720 --> 00:10:10,320 Speaker 1: Barnes dealt with depression, alcoholism, and illness. She stopped writing 148 00:10:10,360 --> 00:10:13,400 Speaker 1: and returned to New York City. For the rest of 149 00:10:13,440 --> 00:10:16,040 Speaker 1: her life. She lived in an apartment in Greenwich Village. 150 00:10:16,400 --> 00:10:21,040 Speaker 1: During these years, Barnes became somewhat reclusive. Her verse play 151 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,839 Speaker 1: The Antiphon was first published in ninety eight, and it 152 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:28,640 Speaker 1: drew on her own family relationships, and her collection of poetry, 153 00:10:28,840 --> 00:10:31,960 Speaker 1: Creatures in an Alphabet, was published in nineteen eighty two. 154 00:10:32,960 --> 00:10:35,720 Speaker 1: Barnes wrote mostly poetry in the last two decades of 155 00:10:35,720 --> 00:10:38,400 Speaker 1: her life, but she didn't publish as much as she 156 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:43,600 Speaker 1: did previously. She died in nineteen eighty two. Some of 157 00:10:43,640 --> 00:10:46,480 Speaker 1: her early works were reprinted after her death, and her 158 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:50,920 Speaker 1: writing has received renewed interest. I'm Eve Chef Cooke and 159 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:53,880 Speaker 1: hopefully you know a little more about history today than 160 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:56,720 Speaker 1: you did yesterday, and you can hit us up on 161 00:10:56,760 --> 00:11:00,480 Speaker 1: social media where at t d i h C Podcast 162 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:03,600 Speaker 1: on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. You can also send us 163 00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:07,800 Speaker 1: an email at this day at iHeartMedia dot com. Thanks 164 00:11:07,840 --> 00:11:10,440 Speaker 1: again for listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow. 165 00:11:19,800 --> 00:11:22,120 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, visit the iHeart 166 00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:24,640 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 167 00:11:24,640 --> 00:11:25,320 Speaker 1: favorite shows.