WEBVTT - Lab 017: Fall Back 0:00:00.760 --> 0:00:03.200 If we sound crazy, it's because we had a wild 0:00:03.279 --> 0:00:04.000 night last night. 0:00:04.960 --> 0:00:06.960 Was it wild? We're too old to have wild night. 0:00:07.080 --> 0:00:09.559 Yeah, we went to dinner. We would have dinner late. 0:00:10.160 --> 0:00:12.119 We had a late dinner. That's a wild night for 0:00:12.240 --> 0:00:15.840 us to hear that. I feel like if I'm eating 0:00:15.880 --> 0:00:18.840 at nine o'clock something went wrong during the day, or 0:00:18.920 --> 0:00:20.280 I'm out with my friend. 0:00:20.239 --> 0:00:24.200 A nine o'clock dinner feels like a It was practically breakfast. Yeah, 0:00:24.200 --> 0:00:27.440 it felt like two o'clock. I'm like, I was like, 0:00:27.480 --> 0:00:30.600 what the how's this restaurant still open? Right? What are 0:00:30.600 --> 0:00:31.320 all these people doing? 0:00:31.400 --> 0:00:33.959 There were children there. Yeah, those little girls we saw. 0:00:34.080 --> 0:00:37.000 I was like, eating that late, They're gonna have heartburn. 0:00:41.360 --> 0:00:44.360 I'm t T and I'm Zachiah and from Spotify Studios. 0:00:44.400 --> 0:00:55.120 This is dope laps. 0:01:00.560 --> 0:01:03.440 I think we feel like that because it's so dark outside. 0:01:03.640 --> 0:01:05.680 Yeah, it's been starting to get dark at like what 0:01:06.480 --> 0:01:09.360 six point thirty too early, way too early, and it 0:01:09.520 --> 0:01:11.720 just messes with you as soon as you get out 0:01:11.760 --> 0:01:12.559 of work. It's dark. 0:01:12.920 --> 0:01:15.720 It's crazy and all that does is lead to seasonal depression. 0:01:15.880 --> 0:01:18.920 That is real in places that don't get that much sun, 0:01:19.000 --> 0:01:21.800 Like I lived in Michigan for two years, and seasonal 0:01:21.840 --> 0:01:25.160 depression is real. So you know, while I do like 0:01:25.280 --> 0:01:28.800 it when it's wintertime, that's something I hate. I feel 0:01:28.880 --> 0:01:32.280 like it gets dark so early, and then on top 0:01:32.319 --> 0:01:33.960 of that, then we move the clock. 0:01:34.400 --> 0:01:39.520 They were like more darkness. I don't understand. Right, today's 0:01:39.560 --> 0:01:44.920 episode is exploring daylight savings. Is anybody else drowning in time? 0:01:45.480 --> 0:01:48.520 Oh? Daylight saving drives me crazy? 0:01:48.680 --> 0:01:49.600 Who came up with that? 0:01:50.000 --> 0:01:53.480 I think it's stupid. I think daylight savings is stupid. 0:01:53.920 --> 0:01:57.000 At all you're gonna do is forget to change your clock, 0:01:57.480 --> 0:01:59.200 be somewhere late, and if you like me and you're 0:01:59.200 --> 0:02:01.240 already late, then going to be super late. And you 0:02:01.320 --> 0:02:01.920 got a problem? 0:02:02.000 --> 0:02:05.240 Were we falling back or we're falling back not springing 0:02:05.280 --> 0:02:07.800 for it? So that means that what I'll see, all 0:02:07.800 --> 0:02:09.480 of it is confusing for me. Would we be late 0:02:09.560 --> 0:02:10.000 or early? 0:02:10.480 --> 0:02:12.200 I don't know. I don't understand. And that's the thing. 0:02:12.240 --> 0:02:14.519 That's why, that's why nobody should be using this time 0:02:14.800 --> 0:02:17.200 right here, this is a textbook example. 0:02:17.280 --> 0:02:20.000 I really just want to know why this was put 0:02:20.080 --> 0:02:23.840 into place, Like, who's idea was this and what problem 0:02:23.840 --> 0:02:24.959 were you trying to solve? 0:02:25.160 --> 0:02:27.600 Yeah, don't. If it's not broke, don't fix it exactly. 0:02:28.000 --> 0:02:30.760 Turn to your textbook on page Let's get to the 0:02:30.800 --> 0:02:35.519 bottom of it. Let's get into the recitation. First of all, 0:02:36.000 --> 0:02:39.440 apparently we've been saying it wrong this whole time. Yeah, 0:02:39.600 --> 0:02:43.760 it's not daylight savings time with an s. It's daylight 0:02:43.880 --> 0:02:45.160 saving time. 0:02:45.200 --> 0:02:47.360 Trying to save the daylight. Is that what it means. 0:02:47.520 --> 0:02:52.760 Yeah, that's what it means. But everybody says daylight savings time, 0:02:53.680 --> 0:02:56.320 and that's not right. So you know, when you hear 0:02:56.360 --> 0:02:59.520 your friends saying daylight savings say, sorry, that's not right. 0:03:01.840 --> 0:03:05.400 And so I've been thinking that daylight saving times starts 0:03:06.160 --> 0:03:08.519 in November, but it's ending. 0:03:08.600 --> 0:03:11.280 Mind blown, like honestly, like I never thought of it 0:03:11.840 --> 0:03:15.919 like that. I thought that daylight saving was when we 0:03:16.160 --> 0:03:16.840 fell back. 0:03:17.320 --> 0:03:21.040 No, so in the US, daylight saving starts in March. 0:03:21.080 --> 0:03:23.000 It's the second Sunday in March, and that's when we 0:03:23.000 --> 0:03:26.000 move our clocks forward, and then it ends when we 0:03:26.080 --> 0:03:29.040 turn our clocks back, and that's the first Sunday in November. 0:03:29.040 --> 0:03:31.240 And so even though we've been feeling like it's been 0:03:31.240 --> 0:03:33.880 getting dark, we're really about to just deep dive into 0:03:33.919 --> 0:03:36.480 the abyss. Oh my gosh, it's like we're basically going 0:03:36.560 --> 0:03:43.400 underground now. Yes, we're going to be multiple. Now that 0:03:43.440 --> 0:03:45.320 I have learned that to a bit, it still doesn't 0:03:45.400 --> 0:03:46.960 change a thousand questions that I have. 0:03:47.560 --> 0:03:50.400 For real, I mean, whose idea was this and why 0:03:50.480 --> 0:03:53.640 was it put in place? I know that daylight saving 0:03:53.720 --> 0:03:58.080 time is not a thing everywhere, right, so who makes 0:03:58.080 --> 0:04:00.840 this decision is a government. 0:04:00.560 --> 0:04:02.280 Who keeps holding it over me because I don't want 0:04:02.280 --> 0:04:02.920 to participate. 0:04:03.120 --> 0:04:05.280 I don't think most people want to participate. I don't 0:04:05.320 --> 0:04:07.360 know who benefits from daylight saving time. 0:04:07.520 --> 0:04:09.600 Raise your hand if you like daylight saving time and 0:04:09.640 --> 0:04:12.160 it makes your life better, I want to know. I 0:04:12.160 --> 0:04:15.720 don't see no hands, who you are and how that works. 0:04:15.880 --> 0:04:16.160 I think. 0:04:16.200 --> 0:04:19.320 I also have questions, like I really want to know 0:04:19.520 --> 0:04:22.640 how it works, because if it's dark when I wake 0:04:22.720 --> 0:04:24.480 up and you say we're going to fall back, and 0:04:24.520 --> 0:04:27.080 I don't even people say oh yes, fall back, spring 0:04:27.120 --> 0:04:28.520 for it, that doesn't make sense to me because fall for 0:04:28.560 --> 0:04:32.279 it sounds good too. So also, I never know which 0:04:32.320 --> 0:04:35.160 way the clock is supposed to go. I always need 0:04:35.200 --> 0:04:36.040 to be with someone. 0:04:36.160 --> 0:04:37.039 I'm like, help me. 0:04:37.640 --> 0:04:39.719 But now our phones do it on their own so 0:04:39.800 --> 0:04:41.320 it's like if you got a clock in your house, 0:04:41.320 --> 0:04:43.000 it's the only thing you got to worry about. 0:04:43.279 --> 0:04:47.640 Is daylight saving time? Scientific? Is it a social construct? 0:04:47.640 --> 0:04:49.040 Like when you say who came up with it? But 0:04:49.080 --> 0:04:54.160 who does it belong to? Does it belong to the physicists? Right? Biologists? 0:04:54.200 --> 0:04:54.840 Somebody who? 0:04:55.960 --> 0:04:58.560 Yeah, plant your flag in daylight saving time? And tell 0:04:58.640 --> 0:05:02.280 us who who is responsible? What community? 0:05:02.440 --> 0:05:05.280 M H need more? I need more info. And then 0:05:05.320 --> 0:05:08.160 you said that some people participate and some people don't. 0:05:08.440 --> 0:05:09.359 How does that work? 0:05:09.440 --> 0:05:12.280 And like, we know that we it messes all of 0:05:12.360 --> 0:05:15.040 us up. I know how I feel exactly. But on 0:05:15.080 --> 0:05:20.440 the grander scheme, are there bad parts about daylight saving time? 0:05:20.880 --> 0:05:24.760 What are the pros and cons of having daylight saving time? 0:05:24.880 --> 0:05:26.720 Yeah? Like what are some of the greater implications? 0:05:26.800 --> 0:05:27.160 Yeah? 0:05:27.200 --> 0:05:29.159 And what are the greater implications when you don't have 0:05:29.240 --> 0:05:30.279 everyone participating? 0:05:30.720 --> 0:05:30.920 Right? 0:05:31.120 --> 0:05:32.800 I don't know how you can have a system where 0:05:32.839 --> 0:05:34.000 everyone doesn't participate. 0:05:34.040 --> 0:05:37.880 That's just like, not even everyone in the United States 0:05:38.200 --> 0:05:41.080 participates in daylight saving time. And that's what's wild. That's 0:05:41.160 --> 0:05:44.839 like if not everybody follow the traffic lights. Some people 0:05:44.920 --> 0:05:48.159 just don't participate. That's madness, It's crazy. So it's like 0:05:48.200 --> 0:05:49.600 when you go to Jersey and they want to pump 0:05:49.640 --> 0:05:50.279 your gas for you. 0:05:51.040 --> 0:05:55.120 No, thank you, Actually I like that. I hate getting out. 0:05:55.279 --> 0:05:56.200 Then you gotta tip them. 0:05:56.240 --> 0:05:57.919 I'm like, I could do this myself. 0:06:00.320 --> 0:06:01.159 You gotta tip them. 0:06:01.680 --> 0:06:02.400 You don't tip them. 0:06:02.520 --> 0:06:03.000 I don't know. 0:06:03.240 --> 0:06:05.120 I thought you're supposed to tip them. 0:06:05.400 --> 0:06:08.120 Are you getting I thought it was a bundle deal. 0:06:08.120 --> 0:06:09.840 I thought it was rolled into the price, like it's 0:06:09.839 --> 0:06:10.280 supposed to be. 0:06:10.320 --> 0:06:13.280 The United States. We ain't united, not on this, not 0:06:13.320 --> 0:06:16.960 on that, definitely, not on daylight savings or on pumping gas. Apparently, 0:06:19.440 --> 0:06:21.120 all right, so we got to get some answers to 0:06:21.160 --> 0:06:23.720 these questions. Yes, so let's get into this section. But 0:06:24.040 --> 0:06:26.359 before we introduce today's guests, we really need to just 0:06:26.400 --> 0:06:29.960 talk about time. If you think about it, time's a 0:06:30.000 --> 0:06:34.640 pretty abstract concept. The first thing is that it's man made. 0:06:34.360 --> 0:06:38.279 So I'm never late, that's not true. 0:06:40.680 --> 0:06:45.400 So time is something that has been determined by humans. 0:06:45.600 --> 0:06:49.560 And right now, there is a place in Colorado, it's 0:06:49.640 --> 0:06:52.000 called the National Institute of Standards and Technology. They have 0:06:52.120 --> 0:06:56.680 the atomic clock, and that clock kind of like calibrates 0:06:56.720 --> 0:07:00.839 all of us. That is the official time in like 0:07:00.880 --> 0:07:05.240 the world. And yeah, so they have determined what a 0:07:05.320 --> 0:07:11.280 second is scientifically. So the technical definition of the second 0:07:11.880 --> 0:07:16.600 is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the 0:07:16.640 --> 0:07:21.600 caesium frequency or the unperturbed ground state hyperfine transition frequency 0:07:21.960 --> 0:07:26.080 of the caesium one thirty three ADAM to be nine billion, 0:07:26.800 --> 0:07:30.200 one hundred and ninety two million, six hundred and thirty 0:07:30.240 --> 0:07:33.040 one thousand, seven hundred and seventy one expressed in the 0:07:33.120 --> 0:07:33.800 unit hurts. 0:07:35.240 --> 0:07:40.520 So, girl, the only thing I know from that hurts. 0:07:41.440 --> 0:07:46.160 This definition hurts. What does that mean? 0:07:46.920 --> 0:07:48.720 The way that most of us think of a second 0:07:48.880 --> 0:07:52.000 is how we say, okay, there's twenty four hours in 0:07:52.000 --> 0:07:54.640 a day, there's sixty minutes in an hour, there's sixty 0:07:54.680 --> 0:07:56.840 seconds in a minute. So if you do the math, 0:07:56.880 --> 0:07:59.640 you end up with eighty six four hundred seconds in 0:07:59.680 --> 0:08:02.280 a day. But what they realized in the nineteen fifties 0:08:02.360 --> 0:08:06.600 is that the Earth's rotation isn't consistent enough for that 0:08:06.680 --> 0:08:09.440 to be valid all the time. So they were like, 0:08:09.760 --> 0:08:13.120 how can we make this more accurate? And then they 0:08:13.160 --> 0:08:14.880 thought about it some more and they said, well, maybe 0:08:14.880 --> 0:08:17.080 we can base it off of atoms, and they based 0:08:17.120 --> 0:08:20.160 it off a very specific atom. But before we get 0:08:20.200 --> 0:08:23.120 into that specific atom. Let's talk about the basic structure 0:08:23.160 --> 0:08:26.520 of an atom. So an atom is made up of 0:08:27.040 --> 0:08:30.440 three things, the nucleus, which is made up of protons 0:08:30.480 --> 0:08:33.640 and neutrons, and then you have electrons that are orbiting 0:08:33.679 --> 0:08:36.640 all around it. So the atom that they were looking 0:08:36.679 --> 0:08:39.080 at to determine what a second is is the caesium 0:08:39.120 --> 0:08:41.319 one thirty three atom, and they looked at it because 0:08:41.760 --> 0:08:45.240 season one thirty three only has one electron that's orbiting 0:08:45.280 --> 0:08:47.520 in its outermost shell, so that was unique to it. 0:08:48.000 --> 0:08:48.520 And what they. 0:08:48.440 --> 0:08:52.280 Discovered is that that specific electron switches its spin from 0:08:52.360 --> 0:08:56.080 one to another and back about nine billion times per second, 0:08:56.440 --> 0:08:59.560 and so that became the standard for how we determine 0:08:59.559 --> 0:09:01.600 what a sect second is. The reason why they do 0:09:01.679 --> 0:09:04.880 it that way is because that nine billion times that 0:09:04.960 --> 0:09:09.559 the spin changes that is standard, Like, it never changes. 0:09:09.720 --> 0:09:12.840 Caesium one point thirty three is always on time. It 0:09:13.000 --> 0:09:16.000 always has that same number every single time, and it 0:09:16.040 --> 0:09:19.560 always hits the second. It is so consistent that after 0:09:19.720 --> 0:09:24.200 a month it'll only be off by one nanosecond. So 0:09:24.280 --> 0:09:25.320 that's pretty accurate. 0:09:25.880 --> 0:09:28.400 So now that we got that primer from TT, let's 0:09:28.440 --> 0:09:31.720 dig into daylight saving time, specifically to help us, we 0:09:31.760 --> 0:09:32.000 call it. 0:09:32.040 --> 0:09:36.040 Doctor Laura Grant, I am a professor at Claramont McKenna College, 0:09:36.200 --> 0:09:40.880 and I study environmental and public economics. In essence, I 0:09:40.960 --> 0:09:44.360 look at how I can get people to work in 0:09:45.240 --> 0:09:50.559 better cooperation and in better improvement for the environment in society. 0:09:50.760 --> 0:09:54.960 Doctor Grant examined how daylight saving affects energy use, because 0:09:55.000 --> 0:09:58.960 saving energy was the real reason why we started changing 0:09:58.960 --> 0:10:00.000 our clocks in the first place. 0:10:00.320 --> 0:10:02.640 So this has nothing to do with the sun girl 0:10:02.920 --> 0:10:05.680 saving energy? When when did this? 0:10:05.960 --> 0:10:08.120 Like I have so are we doing that with the 0:10:08.160 --> 0:10:09.000 wind turbines? 0:10:09.280 --> 0:10:11.880 Yeah? Like what? What blew my mind though, when you 0:10:11.960 --> 0:10:15.199 think about it is when she told us that this 0:10:15.280 --> 0:10:18.200 trace is back to Benjamin Franklin. It really is all 0:10:18.200 --> 0:10:23.760 about the Benjamin So corny, but I love it. When 0:10:23.760 --> 0:10:26.840 she told us that this trace is back to Benjamin Franklin, 0:10:27.240 --> 0:10:28.360 I just had to roll my eyes. 0:10:28.480 --> 0:10:32.960 Things were way less complicated back then, so maybe changing 0:10:33.000 --> 0:10:34.800 the clocks wasn't a big deal, but in our new 0:10:34.840 --> 0:10:35.679 age it is. 0:10:35.640 --> 0:10:38.920 A big deal. That was the late seventeen hundred. So 0:10:38.960 --> 0:10:40.720 he came up with this idea when he was a 0:10:40.720 --> 0:10:42.000 diplomat in France. 0:10:42.160 --> 0:10:45.480 So instead of turning on lights during the during the 0:10:45.520 --> 0:10:49.240 morning or in the evening. If we live more by sunlight, 0:10:49.400 --> 0:10:52.760 then we won't use as much energy. That's the hypothesis. 0:10:53.160 --> 0:10:56.199 But what doctor Grant says is that it was low 0:10:56.280 --> 0:10:57.079 key a joke. 0:10:57.440 --> 0:10:59.559 He was joking about this fact that they were staying 0:10:59.640 --> 0:11:03.360 up late, eat having fun, playing poker, and sleeping in 0:11:03.960 --> 0:11:06.960 and one morning he said, oh my goodness, the sun's out. 0:11:07.480 --> 0:11:10.200 To my surprise, we could be living by like the 0:11:10.280 --> 0:11:13.640 economy of sunshine rather than burning candles at night. Right, 0:11:14.160 --> 0:11:17.480 so he said, he wrote this essay that was very 0:11:17.480 --> 0:11:21.440 whimsical and is a fun essay that basically said why 0:11:21.679 --> 0:11:24.760 would we waste candles when we could wake up in 0:11:24.800 --> 0:11:27.160 the morning. And in fact, he kind of proposed what 0:11:27.160 --> 0:11:29.440 I would call an economic solution. He said that we 0:11:29.440 --> 0:11:33.559 should clang bells at dawn and band shutters all again 0:11:33.640 --> 0:11:38.400 in jest, more or less saying we should live during 0:11:38.840 --> 0:11:39.439 the daylight. 0:11:39.640 --> 0:11:42.480 But at first, Ben Franklin's idea wasn't taken very seriously 0:11:42.880 --> 0:11:45.760 by any government for a very long time. 0:11:46.080 --> 0:11:48.000 Yeah, it wasn't until the early nineteen hundreds that a 0:11:48.040 --> 0:11:51.800 few cities in Canada began changing their clocks. Canadians, but 0:11:52.080 --> 0:11:56.480 it was World War One, that took daylight saving time global. 0:11:56.200 --> 0:11:59.920 And all the energy resources were really necessary. We wanted 0:11:59.880 --> 0:12:03.440 to conserve and we're really concerned about energy resources. So 0:12:04.080 --> 0:12:07.360 the Germans first implemented it, actually, and many other countries 0:12:07.440 --> 0:12:11.400 followed suit, but we repealed it afterwards. People didn't like it. 0:12:11.480 --> 0:12:15.680 And we still don't. Wait, okay, so we meaning the 0:12:15.800 --> 0:12:18.600 United States. Yeah, and of course we all know that 0:12:18.720 --> 0:12:23.440 daylight saving didn't stay repealed because we are currently experiencing it. 0:12:23.800 --> 0:12:26.400 Unsurprisingly, war again brought it. 0:12:26.320 --> 0:12:29.480 Back, and then World War two comes around, we practice 0:12:29.520 --> 0:12:32.800 again because again energy conservation, all of our resources need 0:12:32.840 --> 0:12:34.800 to go towards the war, and repeal again. 0:12:34.960 --> 0:12:37.640 And that's right, we repeeled it again. 0:12:38.000 --> 0:12:41.000 Why can't we learn our legs? Like, why isn't it 0:12:41.200 --> 0:12:44.720 Why are we like war energy conservation? Let's live crazy 0:12:44.760 --> 0:12:47.480 war energy conservation. Why can't we serve energy allway? 0:12:47.520 --> 0:12:50.520 It's just like fool me once. Shame on you. You're not 0:12:50.520 --> 0:12:51.400 gonna fool me again. 0:12:52.040 --> 0:12:54.680 Yeah, we're over it. But even though it's no longer 0:12:54.720 --> 0:12:59.559 federally mandated, some places continue to practice daylight saving and 0:12:59.800 --> 0:13:01.920 that obviously became very confusing. 0:13:02.280 --> 0:13:05.240 Yeah, because you have certain cities or certain states that 0:13:05.920 --> 0:13:09.560 still change their clocks, and everybody else wasn't. So you 0:13:09.679 --> 0:13:12.040 go down the road and they'd be like, it's nine o'clock. 0:13:12.480 --> 0:13:14.120 You're like, actually it's eight. 0:13:14.440 --> 0:13:16.560 Can you imagine going to a different town, Like and 0:13:17.080 --> 0:13:19.000 I mean it's already confusing enough when we travel on 0:13:19.040 --> 0:13:21.480 different time zones, but I'm talking about ten minutes down 0:13:21.480 --> 0:13:22.600 the road a different city. 0:13:22.600 --> 0:13:25.080 Especially if it's like someplace you're trying to get food 0:13:25.080 --> 0:13:27.640 and they're like, sorry, the kitchen's clothes. Huh, that's the 0:13:27.679 --> 0:13:29.000 easiest way to get me upset. 0:13:29.360 --> 0:13:31.800 You know that, you know that I do. 0:13:32.800 --> 0:13:32.880 So. 0:13:33.080 --> 0:13:36.040 In nineteen sixty six, the federal government passed a law 0:13:36.080 --> 0:13:39.800 called the Uniform Time Act. It standardized the start and 0:13:40.040 --> 0:13:43.040 end dates for daylight saving across the country. So today 0:13:43.080 --> 0:13:45.720 the US is one of about seventy countries that practice 0:13:45.760 --> 0:13:49.280 daylight saving. So now we know why we started observing 0:13:49.320 --> 0:13:52.760 daylight saving, But why does the amount of daylight we 0:13:52.800 --> 0:13:56.200 get fluctuate in the first place. Yeah, this all has 0:13:56.240 --> 0:14:00.280 to do with planetary rotation and the Earth's axis back 0:14:00.280 --> 0:14:02.960 to TT. So the tilt of the Earth acxis defines 0:14:03.000 --> 0:14:06.280 the amount of daylight we see, and daylight hours are 0:14:06.320 --> 0:14:10.120 shortest during each hemisphere's winter, So in the wintertime, we 0:14:10.200 --> 0:14:14.439 get the least amount of sunlight between summer and winter solstice. 0:14:14.640 --> 0:14:17.440 So that's June twenty first for summer solstice and December 0:14:17.480 --> 0:14:20.440 twenty first for winter solstice this year. Yeah, the number 0:14:20.480 --> 0:14:24.400 of daylight hours decreases, and the rate of the decrease 0:14:24.680 --> 0:14:26.880 is larger at higher latitudes. 0:14:27.040 --> 0:14:30.000 The further south you are, the more your days are 0:14:30.040 --> 0:14:32.560 the same all year. So down here in southern California, 0:14:32.600 --> 0:14:35.760 our days change slower than yours do or somebody in 0:14:35.760 --> 0:14:39.200 New York City or Chicago. And that's actually also why 0:14:39.240 --> 0:14:41.280 a lot of tropical countries they're not going to practice 0:14:41.360 --> 0:14:44.960 daylight saving time. They're on the equator and by definition 0:14:45.240 --> 0:14:48.120 equal days on the equator, so they don't need daylight 0:14:48.200 --> 0:14:49.320 saving time, right. 0:14:49.120 --> 0:14:52.040 So that's why in places like I think Iceland they 0:14:52.080 --> 0:14:54.960 have twenty four hours of darkness and other places that 0:14:54.960 --> 0:14:57.880 are super high up on our hemisphere, and so the 0:14:57.960 --> 0:15:00.480 fewer sunlight hours, the colder the nights get, and so 0:15:00.560 --> 0:15:02.320 that's when winter starts. 0:15:02.440 --> 0:15:04.800 Yeah, And that's why winter is different in the northern 0:15:05.000 --> 0:15:08.320 and southern hemispheres MM, because when it's winter and we're 0:15:08.360 --> 0:15:11.120 having short days in a northern hemisphere. It's summer and 0:15:11.120 --> 0:15:14.160 they're having long days in the southern hemisphere. Yes, all 0:15:14.200 --> 0:15:15.600 of that's because of the tilt of the earth. 0:15:16.520 --> 0:15:23.120 Woo. Imagine the Earth stood up straight, stand up, respectability politics, 0:15:23.160 --> 0:15:24.440 pull up your pants Earth. 0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:31.400 Now. In theory, daylight saving is supposed to occur in 0:15:31.440 --> 0:15:34.240 the winter and summer, but in the US that's not 0:15:34.360 --> 0:15:34.760 the case. 0:15:34.960 --> 0:15:38.200 The federal government has changed our start and end dates 0:15:38.440 --> 0:15:42.800 twice to extend daylight saving, and as of two thousand 0:15:42.840 --> 0:15:45.800 and seven, we observe daylight saving eight months per year. 0:15:45.960 --> 0:15:47.920 This seems a little absurd to me that it's not 0:15:48.000 --> 0:15:51.080 just half and half, or that it's centered on the solstice. 0:15:51.280 --> 0:15:53.920 Well, they need to change it back, because you might 0:15:53.920 --> 0:15:56.240 as well go ahead and extend it some more all 0:15:56.320 --> 0:15:59.800 year round. Now it drops off and is drastic exactly. 0:15:59.800 --> 0:16:04.520 But it's like, why it's something like daylight saving, which 0:16:04.640 --> 0:16:08.800 was started in order to save energy and. 0:16:08.000 --> 0:16:08.720 All this stuff. 0:16:09.480 --> 0:16:11.960 Why is it regulated by the government. It should just 0:16:12.000 --> 0:16:14.080 be regulated by science. 0:16:14.600 --> 0:16:16.760 Yeah, like the solstice exactly. 0:16:17.560 --> 0:16:19.320 But I guess we shouldn't feel so bad because we're 0:16:19.360 --> 0:16:22.480 not the only country that practices daylight saving for more 0:16:22.480 --> 0:16:24.960 than half the year when we extended it, and by 0:16:25.000 --> 0:16:27.000 week she means the United States. 0:16:26.800 --> 0:16:30.200 Mostly because it now includes Halloween, and the candy companies 0:16:30.320 --> 0:16:34.160 like that Halloween has more daylight so that people will 0:16:34.160 --> 0:16:37.880 go on more trigger treating, so you get lobbyists involved, right. 0:16:38.560 --> 0:16:41.760 But as soon as the United States changed it, Canada 0:16:41.880 --> 0:16:46.760 immediately followed suit because their economy is so intertwined with US, 0:16:46.880 --> 0:16:50.720 it would be ridiculous for them to be off schedule 0:16:50.760 --> 0:16:52.560 with US for a few weeks in the spring in 0:16:52.600 --> 0:16:53.560 a few weeks in the fall. 0:16:53.920 --> 0:16:56.960 A lot of other countries, though, like some countries in Europe, 0:16:57.080 --> 0:16:59.760 they were not into the idea of changing their start 0:16:59.800 --> 0:17:00.960 and you're up. 0:17:00.960 --> 0:17:04.440 Practice is daylight at saving time and does not coordinate 0:17:04.480 --> 0:17:05.800 perfectly with our start dates. 0:17:05.880 --> 0:17:09.000 And we don't even coordinate perfectly within our own United States. 0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:12.200 Yeah, Hawaii doesn't observe daylight saving Hawaii. 0:17:12.320 --> 0:17:14.520 That feels like, Okay, you guys are floating out there 0:17:14.560 --> 0:17:16.960 in the ocean. You're doing your own thing. 0:17:17.320 --> 0:17:21.320 But Arizona doesn't even observe daylight saving, and they're right there. 0:17:21.320 --> 0:17:24.000 They're probably the contiguous forty eight states, right, But then 0:17:24.080 --> 0:17:30.360 even within Arizona, the Navajo Nation, they observe daylight saving. 0:17:30.480 --> 0:17:34.280 So it's not even Arizona as a whole has opted out. 0:17:34.359 --> 0:17:38.840 Right, so if you're in Arizona, time depends on where 0:17:38.880 --> 0:17:39.280 you are. 0:17:39.760 --> 0:17:42.440 Well, now that I know a state can opt out 0:17:42.440 --> 0:17:43.920 of daylight saving. 0:17:43.640 --> 0:17:45.720 Time, I'm declaring my house a state. 0:17:46.200 --> 0:17:49.000 Yeah. It's really frustrating, and I always feel like I 0:17:49.040 --> 0:17:52.040 don't want to do this, But I guess now that 0:17:52.080 --> 0:17:53.560 I know what it's supposed to do, which is to 0:17:53.560 --> 0:17:56.919 provide some type of you know, economic benefit, saving energy 0:17:56.960 --> 0:17:59.320 all of that, it feels like, Okay, maybe I should 0:17:59.320 --> 0:18:01.439 get on board. But what I still don't know is 0:18:01.440 --> 0:18:02.560 is it actually doing that. 0:18:02.880 --> 0:18:05.560 And how does it affect us personally. We'll dive into 0:18:05.560 --> 0:18:07.240 all these questions right after this break. 0:18:25.119 --> 0:18:25.960 We are back. 0:18:26.520 --> 0:18:30.600 We're talking about daylight saving and how it all started 0:18:30.640 --> 0:18:33.480 with Ben Franklin in the seventeen hundreds making a joke. 0:18:33.640 --> 0:18:35.399 Yeah, it's kind of crazy if you think about it, 0:18:35.400 --> 0:18:38.560 But to go from Ben Franklin suggesting like, hey, we 0:18:38.560 --> 0:18:41.320 should change the time so we're not burning as many candles, 0:18:41.560 --> 0:18:45.199 to the government implementing this in the nineteen sixties, and 0:18:45.240 --> 0:18:49.120 then to extending daylight saving time in the early two thousands, 0:18:49.160 --> 0:18:52.320 and to now we're you know, using this time for 0:18:52.400 --> 0:18:55.240 over eight months of the year. A lot has changed 0:18:55.280 --> 0:18:58.080 since the seventeen hundred for real, and we have to 0:18:58.080 --> 0:19:00.119 really ask. I feel like we need to ask. That's 0:19:00.160 --> 0:19:02.879 the really big question in the room, which is is 0:19:03.000 --> 0:19:05.600 daylight saving still saving energy exactly? 0:19:05.640 --> 0:19:09.120 Because back then they were burning candles. We not burning candles. 0:19:09.440 --> 0:19:11.080 Candles and LEDs are different. 0:19:11.200 --> 0:19:12.680 It's very different. 0:19:13.040 --> 0:19:15.600 And I don't know how much a candle costs back then, but. 0:19:15.640 --> 0:19:18.200 Them candles these days, you go to Yankee Candle, they 0:19:18.320 --> 0:19:20.920 always got to sell. They'd be like, yeah, six candles, 0:19:21.600 --> 0:19:22.960 large candles for like. 0:19:23.960 --> 0:19:27.359 Three dollars Yankee candle, You bougie. 0:19:27.400 --> 0:19:30.600 So we've got some real, real questions about if daylight 0:19:30.640 --> 0:19:32.280 saving is actually saving anything. 0:19:32.520 --> 0:19:34.240 And doctor Grant had the same question. 0:19:34.400 --> 0:19:36.520 So doctor Grant and some colleagues decided to look for 0:19:36.560 --> 0:19:39.720 a relationship between energy use and daylight saving. 0:19:39.800 --> 0:19:42.639 Actually, I thought it might even cost more energy because 0:19:42.640 --> 0:19:45.639 of all of our new modern day appliances are much 0:19:45.720 --> 0:19:46.880 different than light bulbs. 0:19:46.960 --> 0:19:47.080 Right. 0:19:47.160 --> 0:19:49.720 The way economist study questions like these is to look 0:19:49.760 --> 0:19:52.760 for real world examples, and they found Indiana was the 0:19:52.760 --> 0:19:55.399 perfect test ground for this. So Indiana used to be 0:19:55.480 --> 0:19:57.800 one of those states that did not participate in daylight 0:19:57.880 --> 0:19:59.920 saving and then in two thousand and seven they be 0:20:00.040 --> 0:20:00.959 gan to participate. 0:20:01.119 --> 0:20:04.600 And so here we have what we call a natural experiment, right, 0:20:05.000 --> 0:20:07.239