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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Welcome Back everyone. I'm Eves and you're listening

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Speaker 1: to This Day in History Class, a show where we

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Speaker 1: peel back a new layer of history every day. Today

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Speaker 1: is January eleventh. The day was January eleventh, eighteen seventy nine,

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Speaker 1: British troops led by Lieutenant General Lord Chelmsford invaded Zulu Land,

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Speaker 1: which was a monarchy in southern Africa. The invasion marked

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Speaker 1: the start of the nearly six month long Anglo Zulu War,

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Speaker 1: which resulted in the defeat of the Zulus. Some historians

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Speaker 1: have also marked January tenth, twelve, and twenty two as

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Speaker 1: the beginning of the war. In the early nineteenth century,

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Speaker 1: warrior king Shaka conquered all the groups in Zulu Land

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Speaker 1: and united them under a single state. The Zulu Kingdom

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Speaker 1: grew in size and military might in the years after

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Speaker 1: Shaka took over, though it did weekend after his death

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Speaker 1: in eighteen twenty eight. Boers, or the descendants of Dutch

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Speaker 1: and Huguenot immigrants, had land claims on territory held by

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Speaker 1: the Zulu Kingdom. The Zulu people frequently clashed with the

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Speaker 1: Boar's over land in cattle. In eighteen forty three, the

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Speaker 1: British annexed the Natalia Republic to form the colony of Natal.

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Speaker 1: But in the second half of the nineteenth century, the

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Speaker 1: British Empire wanted to further extend its influence in South Africa.

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Speaker 1: Britain wanted labor for the diamond fields, bore Land claims,

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Speaker 1: and to create a confederation in South Africa. Sir Barnold

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Speaker 1: Frere was appointed the British High Commissioner to South Africa

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Speaker 1: and sent to Cape Town to take South Africa's British colonies,

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Speaker 1: bore republics and independent Black states and turned them into

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Speaker 1: a confederation. But Zululand, bordering Natal and the trans Fall,

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Speaker 1: powerful and self reliant. Sir Bartle Frere and Sir Theophilist Shepston,

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Speaker 1: British Governor of Natal and the Transfall, saw the Zulu

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Speaker 1: people as a threat to the policy of confederation and

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Speaker 1: prosperity in South Africa. So in December of eighteen seventy eight,

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Speaker 1: under the pretext of border incursions into Natal by the

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Speaker 1: Zulu people, the British sent an ultimatum to Zulu king

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Speaker 1: to Duyo to disarm and pay reparations, among other terms,

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Speaker 1: but to Duyo refused to bow to the demands for

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Speaker 1: federation or to disband his army. The ultimatum expired on

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Speaker 1: January eleventh, eighteen seventy nine, or January tenth by some accounts,

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Speaker 1: so the British decided to invade Zulu land. The plan

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Speaker 1: was to occupy the Zulu royal crawl or village at

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Speaker 1: Ulundi by advancing on it from three directions. One column

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Speaker 1: of Lord Chelmsford's invasion force crossed into Zulu land near

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Speaker 1: the mouth of the Tugala River, another Zulu land from

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Speaker 1: the trans fall heading towards Ulundi from Utrecht, and the

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Speaker 1: center column crossed the Buffalo River at Works Drift. The

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Speaker 1: Zulus had some guns, mostly muskets, and some rifles, but

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Speaker 1: many warriors had shields and spears. The first attack of

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Speaker 1: the war took place on January twelve. The Zulu people

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Speaker 1: suffered more losses than the British in that battle, but

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Speaker 1: the British were defeated at the Battle of isan Juana

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Speaker 1: later that month, when the Zulu killed hundreds of their

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Speaker 1: soldiers and took their rifles and ammunition. Fighting continued until July,

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Speaker 1: when Chelmsford's troops moved on to Duayo's royal villages at Ulundi.

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Speaker 1: To Juya was forced to flee and captured in August,

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Speaker 1: then eggs out to the Cape. The British divided the

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Speaker 1: kingdom into thirteen territories under appointed chiefs. Civil war soon

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Speaker 1: broke out, and in eighteen eighty three to Juya was

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Speaker 1: reinstalled as king, but his power was limited and he

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Speaker 1: died the next year. Zulu Land was declared a British

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Speaker 1: territory in eight seven, and ten years later it was

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Speaker 1: annexed by Natal. I'm Eve STEPF Coode and hopefully you

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Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday.

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Speaker 1: turn it into a PDF, and send it to us

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Speaker 1: via email at this day at I heart media dot com.

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Speaker 1: Thank you again for listening, and we'll see you tomorrow.

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