1 00:00:01,320 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class, A production 2 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:13,920 Speaker 1: of iHeartRadio. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Holly 3 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:15,640 Speaker 1: Frye and I'm Tracy V. 4 00:00:15,760 --> 00:00:20,160 Speaker 2: Wilson. We haven't had an eponymous Foods episode in a minute, 5 00:00:21,360 --> 00:00:27,160 Speaker 2: and I just felt like it. It's kind of like 6 00:00:27,200 --> 00:00:29,720 Speaker 2: that thing that we've talked about before, where when I 7 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:32,760 Speaker 2: do really really dark stories, it's probably because I'm in 8 00:00:32,800 --> 00:00:34,920 Speaker 2: such a good place mentally and emotionally that they're not 9 00:00:34,960 --> 00:00:37,520 Speaker 2: a problem, and then when i do really late ones, 10 00:00:37,520 --> 00:00:39,400 Speaker 2: it's because I'm overwhelmed with the world. 11 00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:43,199 Speaker 1: So welcome to fruit time. Yeah. 12 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:44,800 Speaker 2: I was talked to some friends of mine and I 13 00:00:44,840 --> 00:00:47,360 Speaker 2: was like, if you look at our recent episodes, I 14 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:50,839 Speaker 2: feel like Holly's and my coping strategies are opposite, because 15 00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:55,200 Speaker 2: Holly's episodes are like strawberries and my episodes are like 16 00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 2: we're pouring blood on the draft files. 17 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:00,880 Speaker 1: Yeah. 18 00:01:01,040 --> 00:01:05,759 Speaker 2: Yeah, If I can spend some time in a more 19 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:09,319 Speaker 2: in a place of levity, sure, I mean, I'm not 20 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:14,440 Speaker 2: ignoring all the other stuff, No, but I can. If 21 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 2: I wallow in it, I will. I don't know what 22 00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:17,480 Speaker 2: will happen. 23 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:21,399 Speaker 1: It won't be good. So here we are talking about fruit. 24 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:26,360 Speaker 1: This eponymous foods episode kind of dovetails on that strawberry 25 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:29,240 Speaker 1: episode because it is all fruit. So we have a 26 00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:33,280 Speaker 1: berry in this one, a poem, and a citrus. They 27 00:01:33,319 --> 00:01:37,080 Speaker 1: all have varying degrees of documentation. One of them includes 28 00:01:37,120 --> 00:01:40,640 Speaker 1: a naming Whoopsie Daisy, that I find oddly amusing and 29 00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:44,080 Speaker 1: just hilarious. And we'll get to all of that. 30 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:49,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, I only knew one of these was an eponym, 31 00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:53,640 Speaker 2: and it was not the first one. Charles Rudolph Boisen 32 00:01:54,480 --> 00:01:58,520 Speaker 2: was born July fourteenth, eighteen ninety five, in Lagrange, California. 33 00:01:58,800 --> 00:02:01,440 Speaker 2: That's a little more than thirty mins due east of Medesto. 34 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:05,440 Speaker 2: Some write ups indicate that he was an immigrant from Sweden, 35 00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:09,000 Speaker 2: but that appears to be incorrect. His father was from Germany, 36 00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:12,440 Speaker 2: which might be something that's been confused in the retelling 37 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:16,519 Speaker 2: of this story. In his early life, post school, Rudy 38 00:02:16,760 --> 00:02:20,119 Speaker 2: as he was called, enlisted and served in World War One, 39 00:02:20,720 --> 00:02:23,320 Speaker 2: and when he got home from the war, he moved 40 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:27,560 Speaker 2: to Coombsville, California in Napa and worked as a farm hand. 41 00:02:28,080 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 2: And it's there that he started experimenting with cross pollinating berries. 42 00:02:33,440 --> 00:02:36,519 Speaker 2: So the exact nature of how he got his original 43 00:02:36,560 --> 00:02:40,400 Speaker 2: berry is a little bit lost because this story has 44 00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:43,200 Speaker 2: been shared through oral history over the years, rather than 45 00:02:43,200 --> 00:02:47,000 Speaker 2: through any notes or documentation on Boyson's part. It's been 46 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,880 Speaker 2: told in some different ways, so some suggest that he 47 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:56,320 Speaker 2: was purposely combining berries through cross pollination. Others suggest it 48 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:59,200 Speaker 2: may have been a happy accident of having just planted 49 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:03,480 Speaker 2: different berries near one another, and it is actually highly 50 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:06,480 Speaker 2: likely that there was something in between. Boison was a 51 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:09,560 Speaker 2: very good with plants, and he was also a hobbyist, 52 00:03:10,080 --> 00:03:12,520 Speaker 2: so he may have just been trying things out without 53 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:16,720 Speaker 2: really having an idea of an end goal. His wife 54 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:20,040 Speaker 2: told reporters almost a decade after his death, quote, he 55 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:23,800 Speaker 2: did it just for fun. He sprinkled Himalaya BlackBerry bush 56 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:28,160 Speaker 2: with pollen from various related berries and got the boison berry. 57 00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:31,760 Speaker 2: But what matters most is that when some of his 58 00:03:31,919 --> 00:03:36,200 Speaker 2: berry vines cross pollinated in nineteen twenty three, he recognized 59 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:40,600 Speaker 2: that the resulting fruit was something unique and very delicious. 60 00:03:41,240 --> 00:03:44,760 Speaker 2: Boison berries are considered to be a type of BlackBerry, 61 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 2: and like the BlackBerry, it's a bramble fruit, which just 62 00:03:48,280 --> 00:03:51,240 Speaker 2: means it comes from a shrub style plant that can 63 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:55,760 Speaker 2: be thorny or bristly, like our recent topic, the strawberry. 64 00:03:55,880 --> 00:03:58,560 Speaker 2: It's part of the rose family, and it's a dark 65 00:03:58,640 --> 00:04:02,440 Speaker 2: reddish black color and full of flavor. They're usually described 66 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:05,440 Speaker 2: as being juicier or sweeter than a BlackBerry, but with 67 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:09,800 Speaker 2: a tart note that shines through the sweet. Unfortunately, bois 68 00:04:09,800 --> 00:04:12,440 Speaker 2: and berries don't have a very long shelf life once 69 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:15,280 Speaker 2: they have been picked, so you don't see them in 70 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:18,279 Speaker 2: grocery stores for very long. It's usually a very brief 71 00:04:18,360 --> 00:04:21,800 Speaker 2: window when you can buy them fresh. But they're excellent 72 00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:26,239 Speaker 2: for baking and for preserves. That's probably how most people 73 00:04:26,320 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 2: first encounter them. It is definitely true that Holly had 74 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:32,560 Speaker 2: boisonberry preserves as a kid. 75 00:04:32,920 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, that was like a big favorite in our house 76 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:36,960 Speaker 1: growing up. That's the only way I knew what they were. 77 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:42,600 Speaker 1: Numerous berries are often suggested as the likely or possible 78 00:04:42,600 --> 00:04:46,200 Speaker 1: genetic donors to the hybrid that became the boison berry, 79 00:04:46,200 --> 00:04:52,240 Speaker 1: including the loganberry, the European BlackBerry, European raspberry, and American dewberry, 80 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:54,560 Speaker 1: and of course, as we mentioned just a moment ago, 81 00:04:54,680 --> 00:04:59,520 Speaker 1: his widow mentioned the Himalaya BlackBerry. Recent genetic comparisons have 82 00:04:59,600 --> 00:05:01,359 Speaker 1: led to the theory that it's a cross of a 83 00:05:01,480 --> 00:05:05,400 Speaker 1: Marion berry and Logan berry. The vine that produced the 84 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:09,200 Speaker 1: berries that Rudy Boysen recognized as new were very hardy. 85 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:11,839 Speaker 1: We'll talk about just how hardy in a bit, and 86 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:14,960 Speaker 1: the fruit itself was much larger than other berries. He 87 00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:17,680 Speaker 1: touted it as being as big as a thumb, which 88 00:05:17,720 --> 00:05:20,400 Speaker 1: was significantly larger than anything on the market in that 89 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:27,320 Speaker 1: type of berry. Boison contacted the USDA Bureau of Plant Industry, 90 00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:30,400 Speaker 1: and specifically a man named George M. Darrow, who was 91 00:05:30,440 --> 00:05:33,920 Speaker 1: in charge of the Small Fruit Division, about this newberry, 92 00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:36,719 Speaker 1: but he never received a response, and so he just 93 00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:38,560 Speaker 1: kind of went on with his life. 94 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:42,200 Speaker 2: Two years after the berry discovery, in nineteen twenty five, 95 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 2: Boyson moved to Anaheim, California. There he worked on public 96 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:49,839 Speaker 2: park projects for the city, planting trees for a new 97 00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:54,200 Speaker 2: twenty acre green space known simply as City Park. That 98 00:05:54,279 --> 00:05:57,200 Speaker 2: park would later be renamed Pearson Park, which is the 99 00:05:57,279 --> 00:06:02,160 Speaker 2: name it has today. Eventually, Poison was made superintendent of 100 00:06:02,200 --> 00:06:04,480 Speaker 2: the park and was paid one hundred and seventy five 101 00:06:04,560 --> 00:06:07,920 Speaker 2: dollars a month to care for the new space. Boysen 102 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 2: married a woman named Peggy Bruton, and they had one son, 103 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 2: After they got married, they moved to a property in Fullerton, California, 104 00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:19,200 Speaker 2: that was owned by Peggy's mother, and Rudy brought the 105 00:06:19,240 --> 00:06:22,000 Speaker 2: berry vines right along with him, planting them at their 106 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:25,640 Speaker 2: new place. Boyson became well known in Anaheim for his 107 00:06:25,720 --> 00:06:29,680 Speaker 2: expertise in growing things, and even gave talks about plants 108 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:34,240 Speaker 2: to community groups, including one called Street Trees and their Stories, 109 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:37,880 Speaker 2: which he shared at the Anaheim Toastmasters Club in early 110 00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:39,080 Speaker 2: nineteen twenty eight. 111 00:06:39,560 --> 00:06:42,520 Speaker 1: Another city works project that Boyson was involved with in 112 00:06:42,600 --> 00:06:46,760 Speaker 1: nineteen twenty eight was the grenification of Anaheim. A write 113 00:06:46,800 --> 00:06:49,839 Speaker 1: up in the Los Angeles Times from January twenty second 114 00:06:49,920 --> 00:06:53,200 Speaker 1: of that year reads quote, Anaheim will plant forty four 115 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:56,520 Speaker 1: hundred trees in city. The planting of forty four hundred 116 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:59,080 Speaker 1: trees by the city within the next few months, in 117 00:06:59,160 --> 00:07:02,240 Speaker 1: accordance with the program adopted by the city council to 118 00:07:02,279 --> 00:07:05,600 Speaker 1: make Anaheim one of the most attractive of all Southern cities, 119 00:07:05,640 --> 00:07:09,680 Speaker 1: has been announced. Rudolph Boysen, overseer of the City Park, 120 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:14,080 Speaker 1: is in charge of the planting. Early in February. Rudy 121 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:17,080 Speaker 1: also combined his plant knowledge with his involvement in the 122 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:20,960 Speaker 1: American Legion to initiate a program where he prepared floral 123 00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 1: arrangements each Memorial Day to be distributed to the grave 124 00:07:24,520 --> 00:07:28,960 Speaker 1: sites of the city's veterans. While Boison remained an active 125 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:32,360 Speaker 1: plant enthusiast for his whole life, he had an injury 126 00:07:32,440 --> 00:07:35,480 Speaker 1: in nineteen twenty eight that slowed him down and likely 127 00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:38,480 Speaker 1: contributed to his berry vines kind of falling by the 128 00:07:38,520 --> 00:07:42,960 Speaker 1: wayside in terms of being actively cultivated. He had fallen 129 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:46,520 Speaker 1: down a fire pole while touring a fire station, and 130 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:49,680 Speaker 1: he injured his back. This was probably a factor in 131 00:07:49,760 --> 00:07:52,880 Speaker 1: why he wasn't able to really cultivate his berries much 132 00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: beyond that initial planting. His back issues and other responsibilities 133 00:07:57,240 --> 00:08:00,040 Speaker 1: might have just prevented it. He had given away a 134 00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:02,760 Speaker 1: lot of his berry plants over the years to friends 135 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:05,920 Speaker 1: and neighbors, so there's no telling how many may have 136 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 1: been producing fruit that were never documented. Yeah, but they 137 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,240 Speaker 1: all came out of this one vine which he had 138 00:08:12,280 --> 00:08:15,400 Speaker 1: allegedly planted. It's often described as in a ditch on 139 00:08:15,480 --> 00:08:19,600 Speaker 1: his mother in law's property. Years after Boyson had written 140 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:23,600 Speaker 1: to George Darrow at the USDA. Darrow found those letters 141 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:26,720 Speaker 1: and he became intrigued about this thumb sized berry that 142 00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: was described in them. So Barrow decided to find Rudy 143 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:34,959 Speaker 1: Boysen and his plants to assess them. But as Rudy 144 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:36,959 Speaker 1: had moved a couple of times, it just wasn't as 145 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:39,920 Speaker 1: simple as going to the return address on the letters, 146 00:08:40,400 --> 00:08:43,320 Speaker 1: and eventually Barrow enlisted the help of another man with 147 00:08:43,400 --> 00:08:46,240 Speaker 1: a name that is easily recognizable in the Barry game, 148 00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: that is, Walter Not. Not was able to locate Boyson's 149 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:54,120 Speaker 1: abandoned vines that had been planted in a ditch on 150 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:57,240 Speaker 1: the Fullerton property, and Not relocated the plants to his 151 00:08:57,320 --> 00:08:59,400 Speaker 1: own property to try to get them back to a 152 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:03,439 Speaker 1: more robe state. Nott was able to propagate one hundred 153 00:09:03,559 --> 00:09:06,400 Speaker 1: vines from the plans that he had collected in Fullerton. 154 00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:10,720 Speaker 1: They became hearty producers of the berry boys and had cultivated. 155 00:09:11,520 --> 00:09:13,560 Speaker 1: Nott was the one to give the fruit the name 156 00:09:13,840 --> 00:09:16,520 Speaker 1: bois and Berry, but he didn't really cut the fruit's 157 00:09:16,559 --> 00:09:19,200 Speaker 1: namesake in on the profits that he made from it. 158 00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:23,720 Speaker 1: Knot's berry farm was made possible in part by the 159 00:09:23,720 --> 00:09:27,720 Speaker 1: money that Walter Not made from Boison berry sales. Rudy 160 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:30,520 Speaker 1: continued to work for the Parks Department and per the 161 00:09:30,559 --> 00:09:34,079 Speaker 1: accounts of family members. He did not harbor any resentment 162 00:09:34,160 --> 00:09:38,080 Speaker 1: toward not He focused on his work in Anaheim, establishing 163 00:09:38,160 --> 00:09:41,080 Speaker 1: new parks and keeping the existing green spaces filled with 164 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:45,960 Speaker 1: healthy flora. Over time, he aged and his health declined, 165 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,880 Speaker 1: and he eventually had mobility issues due to a health 166 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:51,280 Speaker 1: condition that led to the loss of one of his legs. 167 00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:54,720 Speaker 1: He died at the age of fifty five on November 168 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:57,480 Speaker 1: twenty fifth of nineteen fifty but he had worked for 169 00:09:57,520 --> 00:10:00,160 Speaker 1: the city right up until the end of his life. 170 00:10:00,880 --> 00:10:04,560 Speaker 2: All indications are that Rudy was beloved by the city 171 00:10:04,600 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 2: of Anaheim. His death was reported in the papers beyond 172 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:11,720 Speaker 2: merely an announcement or an obituary, with many noting that 173 00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:14,680 Speaker 2: the chapel where his funeral was held was not big 174 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:16,839 Speaker 2: enough for all the people who came to pay their 175 00:10:16,840 --> 00:10:20,760 Speaker 2: respects and say goodbye to him. Two years after he died, 176 00:10:20,920 --> 00:10:23,400 Speaker 2: a rite up in the Anaheim Gazette noted that a 177 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:26,320 Speaker 2: victory garden he had planted at the beginning of World 178 00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:29,960 Speaker 2: War II for the community and planned out with regular 179 00:10:30,040 --> 00:10:35,000 Speaker 2: crop rotations to optimize output, was still going strong, including 180 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:38,480 Speaker 2: boison berries cultivated by Rudy at the start of the 181 00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:42,280 Speaker 2: plot's life. Almost a decade after his death, the city 182 00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:45,560 Speaker 2: started a week long festival in his name. And to 183 00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:48,520 Speaker 2: be clear, that festival featured the berries, but it was 184 00:10:48,679 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 2: about Rudy. The La Times reported on June fourteenth, nineteen 185 00:10:52,720 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 2: fifty nine, quote week to honor creator of famed boisonberry. 186 00:10:57,200 --> 00:11:01,360 Speaker 1: Rudy's legacy, Barry has continued to have a very busy life. 187 00:11:02,200 --> 00:11:05,280 Speaker 1: In nineteen fifty five, one of Rudy's siblings got permission 188 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:08,840 Speaker 1: to remove the original vine and bring it back to 189 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:14,680 Speaker 1: their home in Merced, California. That plant was very hearty, 190 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:18,720 Speaker 1: and then in nineteen seventy six, that plant which continued 191 00:11:18,720 --> 00:11:20,960 Speaker 1: to be very healthy. That's more than twenty years after 192 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:25,240 Speaker 1: that moving was propagated through root division and given from 193 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:29,040 Speaker 1: one family member to another in a shoebox. This transfer 194 00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:32,640 Speaker 1: apparently took place at a wedding. Those shoots that were 195 00:11:32,679 --> 00:11:36,080 Speaker 1: in the shoe box were planted in Castro Valley, California. 196 00:11:36,440 --> 00:11:38,839 Speaker 1: They continue to be prosperous there. 197 00:11:39,640 --> 00:11:43,840 Speaker 2: Then, in twenty seventeen, Rudy's granddaughter, Jeannette boys and Fitzgerald, 198 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:47,560 Speaker 2: was able to get access to her grandfather's original boisonberry plant, 199 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:51,880 Speaker 2: which continued to survive. And produce fruit nearly one hundred 200 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:55,560 Speaker 2: years after it originated. Jeannette and her husband were able 201 00:11:55,600 --> 00:11:59,000 Speaker 2: to take clippings from the original plant and propagate them. 202 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:04,000 Speaker 2: Eventually the opening of vineyard Bois and Berry Farm in Orland, California, 203 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:08,080 Speaker 2: where the vines thrive today, and if you want to 204 00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:11,200 Speaker 2: own a piece of berry history, you can purchase plants 205 00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:15,080 Speaker 2: from them that are propagated from the original boisoberry stock. 206 00:12:15,880 --> 00:12:18,560 Speaker 2: During the height of the pandemic, the farm opened up 207 00:12:18,600 --> 00:12:21,360 Speaker 2: their property so people could come and pick berries and 208 00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:24,800 Speaker 2: get some outside time, noting that their rows were planted 209 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:27,280 Speaker 2: eight feet apart, so it was a way to enjoy 210 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:31,240 Speaker 2: an outing while keeping a safe distance from others. That 211 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:35,160 Speaker 2: picking experience has continued in the years since then, lasting 212 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:37,560 Speaker 2: several weeks beginning in late May. 213 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:41,080 Speaker 1: Yeah, you only get a few weeks a year because 214 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:44,800 Speaker 1: of that very short time that they stay fresh. But 215 00:12:44,920 --> 00:12:47,080 Speaker 1: coming up, we're going to talk about a fruit that 216 00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:49,520 Speaker 1: had a bit of a naming accident that I reference 217 00:12:49,559 --> 00:12:52,560 Speaker 1: at the top of the show. We'll explain after we 218 00:12:52,640 --> 00:13:05,280 Speaker 1: first pause for a sponsor break. The Bartlet pear has 219 00:13:05,440 --> 00:13:08,240 Speaker 1: long been a favorite in the United States. It's a 220 00:13:08,280 --> 00:13:11,400 Speaker 1: good canning pair it's excellent for eating ripe, and it 221 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,760 Speaker 1: also bakes up beautifully. In nineteen twenty one, up Hendrick 222 00:13:15,840 --> 00:13:19,079 Speaker 1: wrote of the Bartlet quote, Bartlett leads all other pairs 223 00:13:19,160 --> 00:13:21,640 Speaker 1: in number of trees in New York, and vis with 224 00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:25,439 Speaker 1: Kiefer for the greatest number in America. Its fruits are 225 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:28,560 Speaker 1: more common and more popular in American markets than those 226 00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:32,040 Speaker 1: of any other pair when the characters of the variety 227 00:13:32,040 --> 00:13:35,079 Speaker 1: are passed in review, although several poor ones of fruit 228 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:39,000 Speaker 1: and tree appear, the popularity of Bartlet with growers and sellers, 229 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:43,679 Speaker 1: if not with consumers, seems justified. But the story of. 230 00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:46,440 Speaker 2: This particular fruits name is a little wonky, and it 231 00:13:46,559 --> 00:13:51,120 Speaker 2: involves a case of mistaken originality and an entry in 232 00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:56,840 Speaker 2: the eighteen ninety two book The Bartlet's Ancestral Genealogical Biographical Historical, 233 00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:01,280 Speaker 2: comprising an account of the American progenitors of the Bartlett family, 234 00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:05,120 Speaker 2: with special reference to the descendants of John Bartlett of 235 00:14:05,200 --> 00:14:10,040 Speaker 2: Weymouth and Cumberland, there's an entry for Enoch Bartlett which 236 00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:14,360 Speaker 2: reads quote. Enoch Bartlett, who died in eighteen sixty was 237 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:18,319 Speaker 2: born in haverl, Massachusetts, in seventeen seventy nine. He was 238 00:14:18,400 --> 00:14:21,000 Speaker 2: a merchant in the truest meaning of the word, and 239 00:14:21,160 --> 00:14:25,160 Speaker 2: was an extensive importer of foreign merchandise during the troublous 240 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:28,920 Speaker 2: eighteen twelve period when merchants suffered heavy losses by the 241 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:31,600 Speaker 2: depradations of the enemy on the seas. 242 00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:33,200 Speaker 1: He it was. 243 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:37,440 Speaker 2: After whom the favorite Bartlet pear was named. 244 00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:42,160 Speaker 1: Enoch did not cultivate that pear. He found it in 245 00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:45,480 Speaker 1: eighteen seventeen. He had acquired an estate that had been 246 00:14:45,520 --> 00:14:49,800 Speaker 1: previously owned by a man named Thomas Brewer. Brewer had 247 00:14:49,840 --> 00:14:52,440 Speaker 1: a number of fruit bearing trees growing on the property, 248 00:14:52,640 --> 00:14:56,200 Speaker 1: and Enoch Bartlett was very interested in them. One of 249 00:14:56,200 --> 00:14:59,280 Speaker 1: the trees produced a pair unlike any that Bartlett had 250 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:02,800 Speaker 1: ever seen before, so he nurtured it and he started 251 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:06,640 Speaker 1: actively producing and cultivating the fruit. And because he didn't 252 00:15:06,640 --> 00:15:08,920 Speaker 1: know anybody else who was growing that same pair, he 253 00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:12,960 Speaker 1: named it after himself. An eighteen thirty two write up 254 00:15:13,040 --> 00:15:16,240 Speaker 1: in the New England Farmer, which also appeared in numerous 255 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:20,200 Speaker 1: other places, describes a horticultural festival that was staged in 256 00:15:20,280 --> 00:15:24,720 Speaker 1: honor of the anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. This 257 00:15:24,800 --> 00:15:28,600 Speaker 1: event included a lecture on entomology, which talked about pests 258 00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:31,800 Speaker 1: in the garden, and it also featured a fruit and 259 00:15:31,920 --> 00:15:35,600 Speaker 1: flower display where members could share the literal fruits of 260 00:15:35,680 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 1: their labors. Listed among them are Enoch Bartlett's Bartlet and 261 00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:43,640 Speaker 1: Capumont pears, which are rated in the mention as very fine. 262 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:48,080 Speaker 1: Bartlett did not only cultivate pears. There are many mentions 263 00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:50,960 Speaker 1: in local papers in the eighteen hundreds of the many 264 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:54,480 Speaker 1: varieties of apples he produced, which seemed to have been 265 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:59,160 Speaker 1: universally recognized for high quality, as well as nectarines and peaches. 266 00:15:59,200 --> 00:16:02,000 Speaker 1: So he had a very good reputation. Yeah, he was 267 00:16:02,040 --> 00:16:05,480 Speaker 1: a fruit man that people trusted. In eighteen forty eight, 268 00:16:05,560 --> 00:16:09,280 Speaker 1: the newly formed American Pomological Society, which is now the 269 00:16:09,360 --> 00:16:13,440 Speaker 1: oldest fruit organization in North America, included the Bartlet pear 270 00:16:13,560 --> 00:16:17,120 Speaker 1: in its catalog of fruits available on the North American continent. 271 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:21,160 Speaker 1: It described the Bartlet tree this way quote tree medium 272 00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:28,000 Speaker 1: in size, tall, puriform, upright, hardy, very productive, branches, stocky, smooth, 273 00:16:28,120 --> 00:16:31,640 Speaker 1: reddish brown, overlaid with an ash gray scarf skin with 274 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:37,920 Speaker 1: few lentisoles. Branchlets short with short internodes, reddish brown, glossy, smooth, 275 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:42,280 Speaker 1: glabrous with conspicuous lenticles, and the fruit of the tree 276 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 1: was written up as quote, skin thin, tender, smooth, often dull, 277 00:16:46,800 --> 00:16:50,760 Speaker 1: the surface somewhat uneven color, clear yellow, with a faint 278 00:16:50,800 --> 00:16:54,560 Speaker 1: blush on the exposed cheek, more or less dotted with russet, 279 00:16:54,640 --> 00:16:59,000 Speaker 1: and often thinly rusted around the basin dots. Many small, 280 00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:04,320 Speaker 1: conspicuous greenish russet flesh, fine grained, although slightly granular at 281 00:17:04,320 --> 00:17:11,960 Speaker 1: the center, melting buttery, very juicy, venus aromatic quality, very good. 282 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:15,800 Speaker 1: But even before that eighteen forty eight write up, there 283 00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:20,479 Speaker 1: had been a realization. In eighteen twenty eight, a fresh 284 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:24,280 Speaker 1: shipment of fruit trees from Europe arrived in New England, 285 00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:27,240 Speaker 1: and among them was a pear tree that was just 286 00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:31,760 Speaker 1: like the Bartlet in every respect, and it bore identical 287 00:17:31,880 --> 00:17:34,439 Speaker 1: fruit to the Bartlet record scratch. 288 00:17:34,520 --> 00:17:37,320 Speaker 2: The Bartlet pear was not a Bartlet at all, but 289 00:17:37,400 --> 00:17:41,360 Speaker 2: a variety called a Williams Boncritienne or William's Good Christian. 290 00:17:42,040 --> 00:17:45,160 Speaker 1: The Williams Good Christian was also not the first name 291 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:47,960 Speaker 1: that that pear tree had. It was first known in 292 00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:51,359 Speaker 1: England as a stairs pair. That's because the first person 293 00:17:51,359 --> 00:17:54,640 Speaker 1: who actually discovered it first at least to the best 294 00:17:54,640 --> 00:17:57,240 Speaker 1: of our knowledge, was a school teacher by the name 295 00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:01,399 Speaker 1: of Stair, and mister Stair found this pair seventeen sixty five. 296 00:18:02,280 --> 00:18:06,000 Speaker 1: The Stair pair was acquired by a nurseryman named Williams, 297 00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:09,159 Speaker 1: who distributed it in England as the Williams Pair or 298 00:18:09,200 --> 00:18:14,040 Speaker 1: Williams bon Cretienne. In seventeen ninety nine, an importer in 299 00:18:14,080 --> 00:18:18,040 Speaker 1: the US named James Carter had several of the Williams 300 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:21,720 Speaker 1: pears shipped across the Atlantic to be planted on the Roxbury, 301 00:18:21,760 --> 00:18:25,919 Speaker 1: Massachusetts estate of Thomas Brewer. And it was that a 302 00:18:26,000 --> 00:18:30,600 Speaker 1: state that Enoch Bartlett purchased in eighteen seventeen. I just 303 00:18:30,680 --> 00:18:35,080 Speaker 1: want to say, in case other Massachusetts people, Roxbury is 304 00:18:35,119 --> 00:18:38,639 Speaker 1: not next to haverl That's not really what that original 305 00:18:38,720 --> 00:18:42,120 Speaker 1: biographical thing was said. So he was born right, That's 306 00:18:42,119 --> 00:18:46,000 Speaker 1: not where the trees were, is what correct? Correct. But 307 00:18:46,119 --> 00:18:48,800 Speaker 1: this is a case where that revelation of the paar's 308 00:18:48,840 --> 00:18:53,679 Speaker 1: real name, which is funny because people knew initially when 309 00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:55,680 Speaker 1: they brought the pair over that it was a Williams, 310 00:18:55,680 --> 00:18:59,280 Speaker 1: but that information got lost. It had no impact on 311 00:18:59,359 --> 00:19:02,920 Speaker 1: the pear's name in the US because by the time 312 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:07,000 Speaker 1: this mistake was uncovered, so many people had been growing 313 00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:10,600 Speaker 1: and purchasing and eating Bartlet pears because of Enoch Bartlet's 314 00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:14,199 Speaker 1: reputation that everybody just kind of stuck with it. But 315 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:17,080 Speaker 1: in Europe it is still called a Williams pear. So 316 00:19:17,200 --> 00:19:19,760 Speaker 1: if you're from one place or the other and you're traveling, 317 00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:22,840 Speaker 1: if you see a Williams or Bartlet pear on the 318 00:19:22,880 --> 00:19:25,560 Speaker 1: menu in a market and it's not the one you 319 00:19:25,640 --> 00:19:28,840 Speaker 1: call it, it's the same thing. It's the same pair. 320 00:19:30,600 --> 00:19:33,440 Speaker 2: We are about to talk about our final eponymous fruit, 321 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:35,639 Speaker 2: but before we do, we will hear from some of 322 00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:48,359 Speaker 2: the sponsors that keep our show going. Okay, our next 323 00:19:48,400 --> 00:19:51,199 Speaker 2: food starts with a man whose name will in no 324 00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:54,600 Speaker 2: way tip you off to the fruit that is named 325 00:19:54,600 --> 00:19:58,520 Speaker 2: for him. Sometimes this is considered a technicality because he 326 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:00,119 Speaker 2: did go through a name change. 327 00:20:01,400 --> 00:20:02,320 Speaker 1: We'll talk about it. 328 00:20:03,040 --> 00:20:06,720 Speaker 2: Vittarrodier was born on May twenty fifth, eighteen thirty nine, 329 00:20:06,760 --> 00:20:09,879 Speaker 2: in southern France in a town called Chambonco de la 330 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:14,000 Speaker 2: There isn't a lot of ready information about his early life, 331 00:20:14,040 --> 00:20:16,160 Speaker 2: but we do know that as an adult he joined 332 00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:19,320 Speaker 2: the Order of Brothers of the Annunciation, and when he 333 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:22,160 Speaker 2: joined the order, he took the name of Brother Marie Clement, 334 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:26,080 Speaker 2: sometimes just going by Clement. Brother Clement was sent to 335 00:20:26,119 --> 00:20:29,080 Speaker 2: Algeria to work in the orphanage that his order ran 336 00:20:29,119 --> 00:20:32,200 Speaker 2: there in the town of Messergan, that's in the Oran province, 337 00:20:32,359 --> 00:20:35,720 Speaker 2: on the north coast of the country, just across the 338 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:40,000 Speaker 2: Alberon Sea from Spain. This was not long after France 339 00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:44,199 Speaker 2: had colonized Algeria, which happened in eighteen thirty. At the 340 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:47,960 Speaker 2: beginning of eighteen thirty, Algeria was part of the Ottoman Empire, 341 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:53,200 Speaker 2: ruled by a sultan headquartered in Constantinople. Tunisia and Tripoli 342 00:20:53,280 --> 00:20:56,679 Speaker 2: were also under the Sultan's umbrella of power, although the 343 00:20:56,720 --> 00:20:59,000 Speaker 2: real day to day rule of each country was carried 344 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:02,320 Speaker 2: out by their own reass But several years earlier, in 345 00:21:02,359 --> 00:21:05,960 Speaker 2: eighteen twenty seven, Algeria and France became embroiled in a 346 00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:10,240 Speaker 2: feud after the Algerian regent, known as the Day, slapped 347 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:14,520 Speaker 2: a visiting French consul with a flyswatter. That slap did 348 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:17,240 Speaker 2: not come out of nowhere. France was deeply in debt 349 00:21:17,280 --> 00:21:21,159 Speaker 2: to Algeria and had been really dragging on repayment, but 350 00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:24,119 Speaker 2: that slap gave France the sense of outrage that made 351 00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 2: a conquest of this country seemed justified. The actual military 352 00:21:28,840 --> 00:21:31,760 Speaker 2: conflict that took place after the French landed on July 353 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:36,240 Speaker 2: fifth of eighteen thirty was extremely short because Algeria really 354 00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:39,439 Speaker 2: did not have the means to fight back, So the 355 00:21:39,560 --> 00:21:42,160 Speaker 2: day cut a deal with the French to go into exile, 356 00:21:42,560 --> 00:21:47,040 Speaker 2: and the Europeans immediately moved in, including setting up monasteries 357 00:21:47,080 --> 00:21:50,400 Speaker 2: and religious centers to try to convert the Muslim population 358 00:21:50,520 --> 00:21:55,120 Speaker 2: to Christianity, and that is how brother Marie Clement landed there. 359 00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:59,760 Speaker 2: Clement's exact interaction with the citrus trees and their fruit 360 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:03,040 Speaker 2: that would eventually bear his name is largely a matter 361 00:22:03,119 --> 00:22:06,639 Speaker 2: of lore. Did he discover the fruit, did he cultivate 362 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:09,520 Speaker 2: it through cross breeding? We really have no idea, although 363 00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:12,879 Speaker 2: there are definitely versions of the story that paint a 364 00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,760 Speaker 2: quaint picture of a French monk tending his grove of 365 00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:22,080 Speaker 2: citrus on the northern coast of Africa. When did it happen? 366 00:22:22,520 --> 00:22:27,160 Speaker 2: Also no clue, Well, some clue. We have a window. 367 00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:31,040 Speaker 2: Clement got to Algeria in eighteen ninety two, and the 368 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:33,720 Speaker 2: fruit is a matter of record. Ten years later, in 369 00:22:33,840 --> 00:22:38,920 Speaker 2: nineteen oh two, so somewhere during that decade. 370 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:43,880 Speaker 1: So a clementine, or clementine as it was surely called initially, 371 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:45,639 Speaker 1: and we will get to who named it that in 372 00:22:45,760 --> 00:22:49,120 Speaker 1: just a moment, is a small citrus. It's like an orange, 373 00:22:49,160 --> 00:22:52,280 Speaker 1: but it's a whole lot sweeter. The size and flavor 374 00:22:52,480 --> 00:22:55,960 Speaker 1: make clementines very popular as snacks for kids. They're also 375 00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:58,159 Speaker 1: really easy to peel, and they don't have seeds, so 376 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:01,920 Speaker 1: again kid friendly. They tend to be more oval shaped 377 00:23:02,040 --> 00:23:05,040 Speaker 1: rather than spherical. That's probably also one of the things 378 00:23:05,040 --> 00:23:07,880 Speaker 1: that makes them easy for little hands to handle and peel. 379 00:23:08,160 --> 00:23:11,200 Speaker 1: And another big draw for them is that they generally 380 00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:14,520 Speaker 1: harvest later than oranges, so they filled this gap where 381 00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:18,400 Speaker 1: fresh citrus would normally not be available. They're sometimes called 382 00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:21,719 Speaker 1: Christmas oranges for this reason, so you're looking at like 383 00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:27,119 Speaker 1: an autumn into early winter harvest. There are actually dozens 384 00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:30,080 Speaker 1: of clementine varieties, according to a two thousand and seven 385 00:23:30,160 --> 00:23:34,080 Speaker 1: interview with Tracy Kahn, curator of the Citrus Variety Collection 386 00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:37,879 Speaker 1: at the University of California, Riverside. That interview appeared in 387 00:23:37,920 --> 00:23:39,240 Speaker 1: the Cape Cod Times. 388 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:44,000 Speaker 2: I had one with my breakfast delicious, although it did 389 00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:49,280 Speaker 2: have a couple of seeds in it. Yeah, gsp. It 390 00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:52,480 Speaker 2: was believed for a while that clementine's were across between 391 00:23:52,520 --> 00:23:57,320 Speaker 2: a tangerine and an ornamental bitter orange known as citrus aurantium, 392 00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:01,639 Speaker 2: but today they're considered to be a type of mandarin orange, 393 00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:05,359 Speaker 2: usually a mandarin crossed with another sweet orange to create 394 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:10,800 Speaker 2: a fruit that's smaller than other mandarin oranges. Enter another 395 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:14,160 Speaker 2: kind of hazy bit of drama. There's a fairly high 396 00:24:14,240 --> 00:24:18,320 Speaker 2: degree of probability that clementines actually originated in China and 397 00:24:18,359 --> 00:24:22,920 Speaker 2: were hybridized there, and that likely happened hundreds of years 398 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,200 Speaker 2: before any involvement of any French monks in Northern Africa. 399 00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:35,160 Speaker 2: But like the purported Algerian origins, there's not any solid information. Yeah, 400 00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:39,160 Speaker 2: Algeria definitely claims to be the birthplace, but sody sub 401 00:24:39,200 --> 00:24:42,120 Speaker 2: areas in China. The important thing is we all get 402 00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:46,040 Speaker 2: delicious fruit and plenty of vitamin C. But the name 403 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:50,760 Speaker 2: clementine Clementine, which is based on clement which was not 404 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:54,000 Speaker 2: the monk's original name but was the one he took 405 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:56,560 Speaker 2: when he took orders, was bestowed on the fruit by 406 00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,680 Speaker 2: a botanist that was a man named Luis Chaos Prabu, 407 00:24:59,760 --> 00:25:03,679 Speaker 2: who is assigned to the French Agricultural Society in Algeria. 408 00:25:03,840 --> 00:25:07,159 Speaker 2: He also was making a general study of plants in Algeria. 409 00:25:07,680 --> 00:25:11,200 Speaker 2: But once again we are met with a mystery. Did 410 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:16,120 Speaker 2: Brother Clement bring this fruit to Trabeu's attention? The monk 411 00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:18,439 Speaker 2: was clearly associated with it, but we don't know what 412 00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:23,440 Speaker 2: transpired there and the Clementine, according to the two thousand 413 00:25:23,480 --> 00:25:26,840 Speaker 2: and seven book Citrus, a History by Pierre Laslow, won 414 00:25:26,920 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 2: a gold medal from the Agricultural Society right after Trebu 415 00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:34,919 Speaker 2: mentions it, so that is yet another mystery. As for 416 00:25:35,040 --> 00:25:38,359 Speaker 2: Brother Clement, he became a Spiritan in nineteen oh three. 417 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:41,119 Speaker 2: That's a religious order of the Catholic Church which was 418 00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:44,840 Speaker 2: founded in seventeen o three. It focuses on working with 419 00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:49,720 Speaker 2: the poor and with marginalized communities, and that may actually 420 00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,560 Speaker 2: be the origin point of some of the Clementine War. 421 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:56,800 Speaker 2: It seems that a paper was published and a Spiritan periodical, 422 00:25:56,920 --> 00:26:00,320 Speaker 2: and that may be where other biographies are getting their 423 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:05,639 Speaker 2: information regarding the story of Brother Clement and his Little Oranges. 424 00:26:06,160 --> 00:26:08,600 Speaker 2: Holly was not able to get a copy of this 425 00:26:08,760 --> 00:26:12,240 Speaker 2: to check. Clemal Rodier died in late nineteen oh four. 426 00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:17,440 Speaker 2: That was, incidentally his death not long before. Clementines made 427 00:26:17,480 --> 00:26:21,040 Speaker 2: their way to North America as a crop. They reportedly 428 00:26:21,040 --> 00:26:23,359 Speaker 2: came to the US in nineteen oh nine, and they 429 00:26:23,400 --> 00:26:27,280 Speaker 2: were imported initially to Florida and then also to California, 430 00:26:27,400 --> 00:26:31,760 Speaker 2: so the two big citrus growers. A nineteen thirty seven 431 00:26:31,840 --> 00:26:35,560 Speaker 2: newspaper article that ran in multiple papers claimed that the 432 00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:39,400 Speaker 2: very first clementine planted in the US was in Brooksville, Florida. 433 00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,680 Speaker 2: That write up read quote, the parent tree of all 434 00:26:42,840 --> 00:26:47,640 Speaker 2: clementine orange trees in this country thrives in Chinzgate Hill, Brooksville, 435 00:26:47,800 --> 00:26:51,560 Speaker 2: home of Colonel and Missus Raymond Robbins, at the approximate 436 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:55,360 Speaker 2: age of twenty years. That article goes on to explain 437 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,240 Speaker 2: that doctor Walter T. Swingle of the US Department of 438 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:03,280 Speaker 2: Agriculture received a gift of budwood from Louis Charles Trebou himself, 439 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:05,960 Speaker 2: and that the tree in the Robins's yard was that 440 00:27:06,080 --> 00:27:11,040 Speaker 2: very gift. Clementines didn't exactly catch on in an especially 441 00:27:11,080 --> 00:27:14,080 Speaker 2: big way in the US, and there weren't a lot 442 00:27:14,119 --> 00:27:18,880 Speaker 2: of clementines grown in comparison to other citrus crops. For example, 443 00:27:18,960 --> 00:27:22,360 Speaker 2: a newspaper out of Brian, Texas, reported in the autumn 444 00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:25,480 Speaker 2: of nineteen thirty two that a new type of orange 445 00:27:25,520 --> 00:27:28,600 Speaker 2: was being grown in the area, and that article had 446 00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:32,960 Speaker 2: to explain what a clementine was, noting quote. The clementine orange, 447 00:27:33,119 --> 00:27:37,040 Speaker 2: also known as an Algerian tangerine, is an early maturing 448 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:41,399 Speaker 2: kid glove orange of hybrid orange, supposedly across between a 449 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:45,080 Speaker 2: sour orange and a tangerine. The fruit becomes edible about 450 00:27:45,119 --> 00:27:48,240 Speaker 2: the last week of October and has passed its prime 451 00:27:48,280 --> 00:27:51,680 Speaker 2: by January first. The quality of the fruit is excellent, 452 00:27:51,840 --> 00:27:56,280 Speaker 2: the strong flavor characteristic of the common tangerine being totally absent. 453 00:27:56,720 --> 00:27:59,200 Speaker 2: The size is small one and a half to two inches, 454 00:27:59,280 --> 00:28:02,639 Speaker 2: but the skin is very thin and the core inconspicuous. 455 00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:07,119 Speaker 2: But even with a lot of writeups appearing telling consumers 456 00:28:07,119 --> 00:28:10,680 Speaker 2: that clementines were delicious, We're all going to start growing them, 457 00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:13,960 Speaker 2: they really didn't experience a surge in popularity in the 458 00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:18,040 Speaker 2: US for decades, and the eventual surge was the result 459 00:28:18,160 --> 00:28:21,960 Speaker 2: of an especially bad winter. In nineteen ninety seven, Florida 460 00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:25,600 Speaker 2: had an unusually bad freeze that destroyed most of its 461 00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:28,439 Speaker 2: citrus production for the year, and to fill the empty 462 00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:33,320 Speaker 2: produce sections. Clementines were imported from Spain in Algeria, and 463 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:37,800 Speaker 2: from there clementines have had a steady increase in popularity here. 464 00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:40,600 Speaker 2: In two thousand and seven, that was the first year 465 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:44,680 Speaker 2: the US government tracked clementines as a separate entity from 466 00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:48,280 Speaker 2: other citrus. Before that, it had fallen under a blanket 467 00:28:48,400 --> 00:28:52,600 Speaker 2: category that grouped the less popular citrus types together. But 468 00:28:52,720 --> 00:28:55,240 Speaker 2: that year, an estimated one hundred and thirty five thousand 469 00:28:55,440 --> 00:28:59,640 Speaker 2: tons of clementines were produced in the US, and according 470 00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:03,560 Speaker 2: to the American Farm Bureau Federation report from twenty twenty three, 471 00:29:04,080 --> 00:29:08,680 Speaker 2: while citrus production overall in the US has faltered significantly 472 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:12,200 Speaker 2: in recent years, quote, the only citrus fruit category to 473 00:29:12,240 --> 00:29:16,440 Speaker 2: show a clear increase in production is the tangerine category, 474 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:22,320 Speaker 2: which includes Tangelo's mandarins, clementines, and traditional tangerines. But they're 475 00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,840 Speaker 2: clearly seen to a degree as a more luxury choice 476 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:29,880 Speaker 2: when it comes to the produce selection. According to the Packer, 477 00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:33,760 Speaker 2: which is part of the Farm Journal Incorporated, clementines have 478 00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:38,120 Speaker 2: primarily caught on with higher income households, with thirty two 479 00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:40,640 Speaker 2: percent of households that bring in more than a six 480 00:29:40,720 --> 00:29:45,800 Speaker 2: figure income eating Clementines and Mandarins, whereas only fifteen percent 481 00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:48,680 Speaker 2: of consumers who are in less than twenty five thousand 482 00:29:48,760 --> 00:29:53,040 Speaker 2: dollars are purchasing the tiny citrus. It's not exactly surprising, 483 00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:56,840 Speaker 2: but it does put the status of Clementine's rising popularity 484 00:29:56,960 --> 00:29:58,720 Speaker 2: in perspective. 485 00:29:58,720 --> 00:30:09,600 Speaker 1: And perhaps all because of a monk question mark fruit man. 486 00:30:10,880 --> 00:30:15,040 Speaker 1: I have a listener male yeah, which is a reference 487 00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:19,200 Speaker 1: to our Gertrude Chandler Warner episode from our listener Susan, 488 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:21,880 Speaker 1: who writes, Hello, Tracy and Holly, I really enjoy listening 489 00:30:21,920 --> 00:30:24,560 Speaker 1: to your podcast. I learned something new each time I listen, 490 00:30:24,680 --> 00:30:26,640 Speaker 1: and I love the way you present history in such 491 00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:30,120 Speaker 1: a lively manner. I was interested in your recent podcast 492 00:30:30,160 --> 00:30:33,200 Speaker 1: about the author Gertrude Warner and the box Car children books. 493 00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:36,320 Speaker 1: You discuss her use of a golliwog character in the 494 00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:38,360 Speaker 1: children's books. By the way, that was only in one 495 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:40,040 Speaker 1: book that she wrote when she was nine years old, 496 00:30:40,080 --> 00:30:43,560 Speaker 1: not other children's books. Susan writes, I wanted to let 497 00:30:43,600 --> 00:30:45,680 Speaker 1: you know that the golliwog is a racist caricature of 498 00:30:45,760 --> 00:30:48,840 Speaker 1: someone who is of African descent. And then they send 499 00:30:48,840 --> 00:30:52,600 Speaker 1: the Wikipedia link. Susan says, I grew up in England 500 00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:55,000 Speaker 1: as a child and there was a children's show called 501 00:30:55,120 --> 00:30:57,920 Speaker 1: Naughty In it the golliwog was a characture of a 502 00:30:57,960 --> 00:31:00,960 Speaker 1: black person that lived in the woods and often created mischief. 503 00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:03,360 Speaker 1: Even as a child, I thought of it as racist 504 00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:06,880 Speaker 1: and distasteful. Many Americans are not familiar with the golliwog, 505 00:31:06,960 --> 00:31:08,320 Speaker 1: but I do think if you're gonna mention it in 506 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:10,680 Speaker 1: your podcast, you probably want to also let people know 507 00:31:11,040 --> 00:31:13,400 Speaker 1: that this may have been used innocently by Warner, but 508 00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:14,640 Speaker 1: is a racist caricature. 509 00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:17,560 Speaker 2: Thank you so much, Susan. Thank you so much, Susan. 510 00:31:17,600 --> 00:31:20,960 Speaker 2: I didn't know that, yeah, on following the link and 511 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,280 Speaker 2: all of that. I have seen that visual stereotypical image before. 512 00:31:25,320 --> 00:31:27,800 Speaker 1: Exactly, but I didn't have that word attached to Yeah. 513 00:31:27,800 --> 00:31:30,160 Speaker 2: I had never connected it with the word golliwog and 514 00:31:30,240 --> 00:31:34,000 Speaker 2: just thought it was like a weird sing songy children 515 00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:39,800 Speaker 2: fantasy name. Yeah, same same on now we know so Yeah, 516 00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:42,120 Speaker 2: Just to be clear in case anybody hasn't read Box 517 00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:44,080 Speaker 2: Car Children and doesn't know, it does not appear in 518 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:46,880 Speaker 2: those books. It's literally just that one story that she 519 00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:49,760 Speaker 2: wrote when she was nine, kind of basing it off 520 00:31:49,800 --> 00:31:53,120 Speaker 2: a different Yeah, there was a series of books that 521 00:31:53,240 --> 00:31:54,560 Speaker 2: became popular in the US. 522 00:31:54,880 --> 00:31:58,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, that Golliwog was part of. Remember, that was the 523 00:31:58,520 --> 00:32:00,640 Speaker 1: book that she turned out really quick because she had 524 00:32:00,640 --> 00:32:03,120 Speaker 1: lied to her mom that she was writing a book. 525 00:32:03,600 --> 00:32:06,480 Speaker 2: She was writing a book when she was really spending 526 00:32:06,520 --> 00:32:09,040 Speaker 2: too much time playing tea party. Yeah, and then she 527 00:32:09,120 --> 00:32:12,520 Speaker 2: had to quickly produce results. Right, So there's probably a 528 00:32:12,560 --> 00:32:15,280 Speaker 2: little plagiarism in the mix as well. It's a nine 529 00:32:15,360 --> 00:32:19,040 Speaker 2: year old, so we cut her some slack. But I'm very, 530 00:32:19,080 --> 00:32:20,880 Speaker 2: very glad to know that. So thank you for bringing 531 00:32:20,920 --> 00:32:22,920 Speaker 2: it to our attention, Susan. If you would like to 532 00:32:22,920 --> 00:32:26,040 Speaker 2: write to us, you can do so at History Podcast 533 00:32:26,120 --> 00:32:29,560 Speaker 2: at iHeartRadio dot com. You can also subscribe to the 534 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:32,080 Speaker 2: show on the iHeartRadio app or anywhere you listen to 535 00:32:32,120 --> 00:32:40,000 Speaker 2: your favorite shows. Stuff you Missed in History Class is 536 00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:44,360 Speaker 2: a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit 537 00:32:44,400 --> 00:32:47,840 Speaker 2: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 538 00:32:47,880 --> 00:32:49,959 Speaker 2: your favorite shows.