1 00:00:03,279 --> 00:00:06,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff Mom Never Told You from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:14,520 Speaker 1: Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:14,600 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 1: Kristin and I'm Caroline, and welcome back to Part two 4 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:20,680 Speaker 1: of Now and Then, which Caroline, I'm gonna admit it, 5 00:00:20,680 --> 00:00:24,480 Speaker 1: I did name these episodes after the classic movie Now 6 00:00:24,520 --> 00:00:28,640 Speaker 1: and Then about childhood girl friendships. I think I mean 7 00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:33,919 Speaker 1: that's applicable to talk about the feminist movement. Uh. We 8 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,640 Speaker 1: we get images going back into these girls past and 9 00:00:37,720 --> 00:00:39,600 Speaker 1: they were growing up, and then we flash forward to 10 00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:42,280 Speaker 1: see where they are in the present. And we're kind 11 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:45,080 Speaker 1: of doing that with our conversation with Terry, looking into 12 00:00:45,159 --> 00:00:47,800 Speaker 1: now's past and then going forward and looking at where 13 00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:50,199 Speaker 1: they are and where they're going, and to extend are 14 00:00:50,240 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: now and then metaphor just one one step farther. You know, 15 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:57,880 Speaker 1: the story is about all these these girls with different personalities, 16 00:00:57,920 --> 00:00:59,720 Speaker 1: because of course you have to have that for an 17 00:00:59,720 --> 00:01:09,360 Speaker 1: On Thomble comedy. That's enjoyable, cam Um, and this part 18 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 1: two episode picking up as the women's liberal ration movement 19 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: is really coming into its own. We are starting to 20 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:21,080 Speaker 1: see what happens when we have kind of a clash 21 00:01:21,120 --> 00:01:23,760 Speaker 1: of personalities, when we have a lot of different women 22 00:01:23,840 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 1: from a lot of different backgrounds and with a lot 23 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:30,319 Speaker 1: of different ideas in the same room, and the trouble 24 00:01:30,360 --> 00:01:33,760 Speaker 1: that can arise specifically when the woman in the front 25 00:01:33,800 --> 00:01:41,440 Speaker 1: of that room starts to get paranoid about lesbian interlopers. Essentially, yeah, 26 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:44,120 Speaker 1: I think I think this example has ceased to be hypothetical, 27 00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:47,280 Speaker 1: and we we are specifically talking about Betty for Dan. 28 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, we're no longer and now and then no 29 00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:54,200 Speaker 1: Christina Ricci and Rosie o'donald far away, We're talking about 30 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:57,680 Speaker 1: Betty for Dan. Um. And as we teased to at 31 00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:02,560 Speaker 1: the end of the last episode, UM, this moment in 32 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:05,400 Speaker 1: the late sixties and early seventies where Betty for Dan 33 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:12,080 Speaker 1: is kind of escorted to the side, UM is a 34 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:17,960 Speaker 1: really important moment that deserves more attention and understanding of 35 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:23,040 Speaker 1: ours as millennial feminist. Because the standard line is, oh, well, 36 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:25,639 Speaker 1: National Organization for Women try to kick call it's lesbians 37 00:02:25,639 --> 00:02:29,600 Speaker 1: out at one point, so well, you know, they must 38 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:33,200 Speaker 1: be terrible. And while there is a grain of truth 39 00:02:33,240 --> 00:02:36,760 Speaker 1: to that, Terry O'Neill, who is the current president of 40 00:02:36,760 --> 00:02:40,360 Speaker 1: the National Organization for Women, has some very helpful nuance 41 00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:43,440 Speaker 1: to add to also give some insight as to how 42 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:49,680 Speaker 1: Betty for Dan's homophobia um affected people within the organization 43 00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:53,160 Speaker 1: and like what they think about that today. Yeah, so 44 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:55,240 Speaker 1: let's hear what she had to say in terms of 45 00:02:55,280 --> 00:02:59,000 Speaker 1: that nuance. You know, I'm Betty for Dan did lasting 46 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:03,480 Speaker 1: lasting damn to the organization because of her attitude. It 47 00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:06,720 Speaker 1: wasn't just that one phrase, although the phrase it's just 48 00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:10,400 Speaker 1: it's just horrible, but it was truly her belief that 49 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:15,120 Speaker 1: we would not get that. She had this hierarchical um view. 50 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 1: She came quite frankly, she came out of economic justice 51 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:23,839 Speaker 1: labor movement and which to this day remains unfortunately hierarchical 52 00:03:23,960 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: sort of our our issues first, and then we will 53 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: come back and get your issues. And that was the 54 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:31,880 Speaker 1: way Betty fer Dan approached it um and then and 55 00:03:31,880 --> 00:03:36,040 Speaker 1: and and shockingly to me, she says us and them 56 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:38,320 Speaker 1: when she's talking about women. I mean, the last time 57 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:41,600 Speaker 1: I checked, lesbians are women. In any event, she did 58 00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:46,720 Speaker 1: do last thing damage in nineteen seventy one, her her 59 00:03:46,840 --> 00:03:52,040 Speaker 1: view was soundly defeated, soundly defeated within the organization. Nineteen 60 00:03:52,160 --> 00:03:56,200 Speaker 1: seventy one, that is when the organization adopted clear policy 61 00:03:56,240 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 1: that lesbians are women and lesbian rights are one of 62 00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:02,920 Speaker 1: our core a shoe areas. So uh forty five out 63 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:05,520 Speaker 1: of our fifty years we have had lesbian rights. Of course, 64 00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:08,760 Speaker 1: it eventually grew to LGBT now it's lgbt q I 65 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:13,400 Speaker 1: a uh full civil and human rights. But that but 66 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:17,000 Speaker 1: but she did lose, and it was a it was 67 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:21,800 Speaker 1: an organization wide conversation and her view was defeated. So 68 00:04:21,839 --> 00:04:24,599 Speaker 1: also going on during this time, though, you've got the 69 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:29,279 Speaker 1: strike free Quality. On August seventy we get this huge 70 00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:33,000 Speaker 1: strike free Quality that signals basically the start of the 71 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:36,839 Speaker 1: women's lib movement and attracts a ton of women to 72 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:40,920 Speaker 1: local NOW chapters. So the strike was intended to commemorate 73 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:44,920 Speaker 1: the fiftieth anniversary of the nineteenth Amendment and also call 74 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:49,719 Speaker 1: for three main things, abortion demand, twenty four hour child 75 00:04:49,839 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 1: care centers, and equal education and employment opportunities for women. 76 00:04:56,760 --> 00:04:59,559 Speaker 1: Major three major ways to be able to control your life, 77 00:05:00,040 --> 00:05:01,560 Speaker 1: be able to say what you how you want to 78 00:05:01,600 --> 00:05:06,160 Speaker 1: live your life. Yeah, and one really fascinating like byproduct 79 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:11,480 Speaker 1: of the strike was that it attracted a lot of housewives, 80 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 1: you know, women who were in those local chapters of 81 00:05:16,279 --> 00:05:20,560 Speaker 1: NOW who would probably see the New York organization and say, 82 00:05:20,600 --> 00:05:23,120 Speaker 1: you know that's not for me. I'm not in Manhattan. 83 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:25,800 Speaker 1: I'm like Susie in Kansas, and I've got three kids, 84 00:05:25,839 --> 00:05:27,520 Speaker 1: and I do feel oppressed, but I don't know what 85 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:29,440 Speaker 1: to do about it. And then the strike happens and 86 00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:33,120 Speaker 1: gets all this media attention and they're like, oh, there's 87 00:05:33,160 --> 00:05:36,240 Speaker 1: a chapter here, I can get involved. And in the 88 00:05:36,279 --> 00:05:40,040 Speaker 1: same way as those younger activists out of the Civil 89 00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:45,080 Speaker 1: rights movement brought consciousness raising to the organization, these new 90 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:50,720 Speaker 1: or more suburban now members were more into things like 91 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:56,440 Speaker 1: correcting media images of women and gender stereotyping in children's books, 92 00:05:56,520 --> 00:05:59,480 Speaker 1: which makes sense, you know, meet people where they're at. Uh, 93 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:01,840 Speaker 1: there're folks more on those kinds of things that they 94 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:06,560 Speaker 1: immediately identified with versus fixing job discrimination. We'll see. I mean, 95 00:06:07,040 --> 00:06:09,800 Speaker 1: I love when we hit on these very clear examples 96 00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 1: in so many of our episodes, where it's clearly so 97 00:06:13,480 --> 00:06:17,679 Speaker 1: important to have people with a diverse set of backgrounds 98 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:22,840 Speaker 1: and viewpoints and life experiences and sure absolutely diversity in 99 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:26,640 Speaker 1: race and ethnicity, diversity and age, but also, like I said, 100 00:06:26,760 --> 00:06:30,440 Speaker 1: just diversity in life experience, because what a great idea 101 00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:34,279 Speaker 1: to tackle the children's book stereotype. Yeah, I mean a 102 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:38,520 Speaker 1: very basic thing that probably, you know, a radical feminist 103 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:42,480 Speaker 1: in Brooklyn might not be as focused on, and not 104 00:06:42,560 --> 00:06:46,479 Speaker 1: because she is not as good of a feminist, um, 105 00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:49,239 Speaker 1: but simply because, like you said, it's all about those 106 00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:52,680 Speaker 1: you know, personal connections to things that are relevant to you. 107 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:55,840 Speaker 1: It's all about following that anger. Really. I mean, I'm 108 00:06:55,920 --> 00:06:58,680 Speaker 1: kind of into that tactic personally, although sometimes following my 109 00:06:58,720 --> 00:07:01,880 Speaker 1: anger means I just need to eat. Oh yeah, blood 110 00:07:01,880 --> 00:07:05,320 Speaker 1: sugar is getting real low. Sure. Yeah, But by nineteen 111 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,440 Speaker 1: seventy four, Now has really come into its own. In 112 00:07:08,480 --> 00:07:13,880 Speaker 1: addition to expanding its platforms to encompass lesbians, it's also 113 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:16,600 Speaker 1: passed the resolution to focus more on women of color 114 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 1: and address racism within the organization itself. And there are 115 00:07:22,560 --> 00:07:25,920 Speaker 1: more than forty thousand members at this point in a 116 00:07:26,080 --> 00:07:29,880 Speaker 1: thousand chapters across the country. That's not small potatoes, I know. 117 00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:34,280 Speaker 1: So this thing is, I mean this, I know, feminism is, 118 00:07:34,720 --> 00:07:38,400 Speaker 1: it's happening. It's happening. So as NOW is growing, it's 119 00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:43,560 Speaker 1: attracting all of those thousands of members across the entire country. 120 00:07:43,840 --> 00:07:47,680 Speaker 1: A diversity of viewpoints, a diversity of backgrounds, we start 121 00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:52,080 Speaker 1: to see sort of this delicate and and challenging balancing 122 00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:57,080 Speaker 1: act that's happening between legitimizing a hierarchy in the organization 123 00:07:57,400 --> 00:08:02,200 Speaker 1: but also balancing that against participant tory angry and rightfully 124 00:08:02,240 --> 00:08:07,280 Speaker 1: so membership. Yeah, because you have this formal, top down 125 00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:13,400 Speaker 1: structure with local grassroots chapters at the bottom, and that 126 00:08:13,480 --> 00:08:16,640 Speaker 1: structure kind of hampered diversity initially and kind of led 127 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:21,440 Speaker 1: to some of those schisms that we mentioned um and 128 00:08:22,320 --> 00:08:27,080 Speaker 1: a lot of it's the organization's growth also led to 129 00:08:28,040 --> 00:08:31,640 Speaker 1: organizational problems because there really wasn't a middle structure between 130 00:08:32,320 --> 00:08:37,439 Speaker 1: you know, National Now and these local chapters. But those 131 00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:43,120 Speaker 1: local chapters really just thrived on anger probably and and 132 00:08:43,440 --> 00:08:47,000 Speaker 1: enthusiasm because you have local Now activists who would create 133 00:08:47,040 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 1: their own packets on effective lobbying, filing discrimination suits, contacting 134 00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:56,679 Speaker 1: the media, things about sexist imagery, you know, because they 135 00:08:56,679 --> 00:09:01,079 Speaker 1: did not have websites and and Google Shared drive, you know, 136 00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:04,720 Speaker 1: where you could set up, you know, a standard packet 137 00:09:04,800 --> 00:09:07,800 Speaker 1: for everyone, so they were just doing it on their own, 138 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:12,320 Speaker 1: kind of passing along these tactics analog style. But Okay, 139 00:09:12,400 --> 00:09:15,920 Speaker 1: when you said enthusiasm, I can't help it, but I 140 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:19,400 Speaker 1: immediately picture you know, those like college banners theople can wave. 141 00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:23,760 Speaker 1: I immediately picture like a crowd of wildly enthusiastic women 142 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:28,160 Speaker 1: waving those little collegiate banners that say angry and and 143 00:09:28,280 --> 00:09:31,320 Speaker 1: feminist and and and I just and then I like 144 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:33,000 Speaker 1: went off on a tangent my brain about how I 145 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 1: want those banners, like a pennant and angry feminist, an 146 00:09:37,720 --> 00:09:40,480 Speaker 1: angry feminist penn And maybe it's as angry on one 147 00:09:40,520 --> 00:09:42,200 Speaker 1: side and feminist on the other, and you can just 148 00:09:42,320 --> 00:09:45,240 Speaker 1: wave them back and forth, love it, scream for an 149 00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:48,280 Speaker 1: end of the wage gap. I would get on public 150 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:51,400 Speaker 1: transit with that. I would get in every crowded elevator 151 00:09:51,440 --> 00:09:55,920 Speaker 1: that I see. Um, yes, someone someone on Etsy? Can 152 00:09:55,920 --> 00:10:00,720 Speaker 1: you get on that? If someone hasn't already made of um? 153 00:10:00,760 --> 00:10:05,280 Speaker 1: And One thing kind of peculiar about Now was that 154 00:10:06,040 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: the leaders were experts in law, media and politics, as 155 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:12,840 Speaker 1: we mentioned, but they were not experts in movement making. 156 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:16,240 Speaker 1: I mean, at the beginning, Betty for Dan's vision for 157 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:20,959 Speaker 1: Now was to make it a relatively small and exclusive 158 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:24,880 Speaker 1: group of influencers. Essentially, you know, like you said a 159 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:27,679 Speaker 1: while back, like she kind of hand picked these women 160 00:10:27,720 --> 00:10:30,080 Speaker 1: at the top of their fields, like the most brilliant 161 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:33,720 Speaker 1: feminist women that she knew, with the goal of what 162 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:39,800 Speaker 1: just having them with the goal of influencing politics and policy. Yeah, 163 00:10:39,840 --> 00:10:42,840 Speaker 1: so not necessarily doing all of that organizing and angry 164 00:10:42,880 --> 00:10:45,960 Speaker 1: Pennant waving exactly. I guarantee you Betty for Dan was 165 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:49,000 Speaker 1: not thinking about like sexist imagery in children's books when 166 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,800 Speaker 1: she wanted to start this um. And the thing is, 167 00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:58,000 Speaker 1: regardless of what your organizational goal is, when you have 168 00:10:58,120 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 1: a massively diverse and geographically scattered group of people and 169 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:09,080 Speaker 1: identities and politics under the same umbrella, you're gonna have challenges. 170 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:12,880 Speaker 1: You're probably gonna have some schisms. I mean, these are 171 00:11:12,920 --> 00:11:17,720 Speaker 1: just natural byproducts I think of of an organization that 172 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:22,880 Speaker 1: is succeeding. So I think some of the side eye 173 00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:26,880 Speaker 1: that now has received is really unfounded because it's, I 174 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:32,280 Speaker 1: don't know, it's almost like we have expected feminists to 175 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:34,760 Speaker 1: be too perfect in a way, you know, to not 176 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:39,280 Speaker 1: have disagreements and to not be you know, and not 177 00:11:39,320 --> 00:11:42,760 Speaker 1: to have prejudices as well. Sure, yeah, I know. And 178 00:11:42,920 --> 00:11:47,120 Speaker 1: and as much as we want our feminist leaders from 179 00:11:47,120 --> 00:11:53,160 Speaker 1: whatever group to be these perfect, amazing, upstanding humans, we're 180 00:11:53,200 --> 00:11:56,600 Speaker 1: all imperfect. I mean, that's part of the work, right, 181 00:11:56,640 --> 00:12:00,160 Speaker 1: That's part of the work is uncovering our bias, is 182 00:12:00,200 --> 00:12:04,040 Speaker 1: in our prejudices and rooting them out so we can 183 00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:06,160 Speaker 1: work for a greater good. Well, And that's and that's 184 00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:08,600 Speaker 1: one of the stunning things looking at this early history 185 00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:15,240 Speaker 1: is how swiftly this increasingly diverse group of women evolved 186 00:12:15,280 --> 00:12:19,240 Speaker 1: in terms of their platforms and kind of holding themselves 187 00:12:19,240 --> 00:12:25,040 Speaker 1: accountable to their own privileges and prejudices. But at the beginning, 188 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:29,360 Speaker 1: you know, it probably did not look like an organization 189 00:12:29,679 --> 00:12:33,560 Speaker 1: that would survive for fifty years because you have a 190 00:12:33,559 --> 00:12:38,120 Speaker 1: lot of second wave groups meanwhile that we're flaming up 191 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:43,000 Speaker 1: and flaming out really quickly. So that's a big question too, 192 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:46,360 Speaker 1: Like what has been the staying power of the National 193 00:12:46,400 --> 00:12:50,160 Speaker 1: Organization for Women. I mean, you've got anger. Anger is 194 00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:53,840 Speaker 1: pretty powerful UM and the whole thing of making the 195 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:58,160 Speaker 1: personal political. But Terry O'Neil really attributes it to the 196 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:02,600 Speaker 1: power of grassroots organizing. I think the reason now has 197 00:13:02,640 --> 00:13:06,480 Speaker 1: survived for long UM is a because we have remained 198 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:09,960 Speaker 1: grassroots and driven by the grassroots. I can tell you 199 00:13:10,640 --> 00:13:14,040 Speaker 1: that it will doing and running an organization that way 200 00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:18,360 Speaker 1: will make you old before your time. But it gives 201 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:20,920 Speaker 1: such power to the grass rooms. And we have two 202 00:13:21,280 --> 00:13:24,800 Speaker 1: and thirty active chapters and action teams as we're calling 203 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:28,400 Speaker 1: them around the country, all of which you're autonomous. They 204 00:13:28,760 --> 00:13:32,080 Speaker 1: do not take their orders from National They they they 205 00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 1: National Now. The president of National Now speaks for the 206 00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:40,600 Speaker 1: national organization. Each chapter president speaks for her organization. They 207 00:13:40,640 --> 00:13:44,520 Speaker 1: decide on their own policies and programs. Obviously they can't 208 00:13:44,559 --> 00:13:48,000 Speaker 1: they can't violate National Now policy, but beyond that, they 209 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:50,880 Speaker 1: are autonomous and that has proved to be to to 210 00:13:51,160 --> 00:13:54,680 Speaker 1: to really be sort of the backbone of resiliency for 211 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:57,880 Speaker 1: the organization. The other piece I think that has kept 212 00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:04,359 Speaker 1: us UM viable is precisely the multi issue our dedication 213 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:09,200 Speaker 1: to multi issues, and it is not just our our 214 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:12,720 Speaker 1: dedication to these multiple issues, but it's our very clear 215 00:14:12,760 --> 00:14:15,520 Speaker 1: policy that we are not permitted to elevate one issue 216 00:14:16,040 --> 00:14:20,840 Speaker 1: over another. We have removed individuals from leadership UM in 217 00:14:20,960 --> 00:14:25,120 Speaker 1: the organization who tried to elevate one issue over another. 218 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:27,240 Speaker 1: We are very clear that that is not how you 219 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:30,880 Speaker 1: get equality for women and Now is more than just 220 00:14:31,720 --> 00:14:34,440 Speaker 1: grassroots organizing or angry pennant waving I mean, there are 221 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:38,360 Speaker 1: some very real, concrete accomplishments and successes that they've been 222 00:14:38,400 --> 00:14:42,320 Speaker 1: able to usher in. Yeah, and probably successes that folks 223 00:14:42,360 --> 00:14:45,640 Speaker 1: aren't aware of. So of course, UM we asked Harry 224 00:14:45,680 --> 00:14:51,400 Speaker 1: to share some of her success stories. Well, let's see, first, 225 00:14:51,680 --> 00:14:54,040 Speaker 1: let's just talk about the first thing that occurs to me. 226 00:14:54,080 --> 00:14:55,880 Speaker 1: Of course, I'm going to go right back to the elections, 227 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:59,160 Speaker 1: because that's where my head is. But but UM NOW 228 00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,760 Speaker 1: was one of organizations that early on created a political 229 00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:07,200 Speaker 1: action committee and the focus was to elect more feminist 230 00:15:07,240 --> 00:15:10,920 Speaker 1: women to office. And we have always, UH, the pack 231 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:14,880 Speaker 1: has always endorsed men as well as women. We endorse 232 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:18,880 Speaker 1: on issues UM exclusively. We do have a rule if 233 00:15:18,920 --> 00:15:21,240 Speaker 1: you have a man running against a woman and they 234 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:24,920 Speaker 1: are both equally qualified, equally endorsable, then we do endorse 235 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,560 Speaker 1: the women. That's a rare occurrence, UM. But anyway, so, 236 00:15:29,560 --> 00:15:32,520 Speaker 1: so one of the biggest UH successes that I think 237 00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:35,440 Speaker 1: we've had is the election of more and more and 238 00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:39,240 Speaker 1: more women to office, both at the state level and 239 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:42,760 Speaker 1: in Congress. I mean, when NOW started out in nineteen sixty, 240 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:46,680 Speaker 1: there were hardly any women in the United States Congress. 241 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:50,360 Speaker 1: Today it's only it's not nearly enough. But we also 242 00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:53,480 Speaker 1: have Hillary Clinton running for president, and we have we 243 00:15:53,560 --> 00:15:58,240 Speaker 1: are building a bench of women leaders uh that will 244 00:15:58,280 --> 00:16:01,480 Speaker 1: come after Hillary Clinton and run for president and run 245 00:16:01,520 --> 00:16:04,040 Speaker 1: for governor of various states and so forth. So that's 246 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:07,600 Speaker 1: I think a huge win. Another huge win that we had. 247 00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:09,960 Speaker 1: And this is this is something that I think a 248 00:16:10,040 --> 00:16:11,680 Speaker 1: lot of people don't know the history of it, and 249 00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:15,320 Speaker 1: it is it is one of the most uh for me, wrenching. 250 00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,880 Speaker 1: It's the wrenching when and that is the Violence Against 251 00:16:18,880 --> 00:16:22,520 Speaker 1: Women Act. Now I can tell you that after the 252 00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:25,160 Speaker 1: Violence Against Women Act was passed in the nineteen mid 253 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:32,320 Speaker 1: nineteen nineties, incidents of domestic violence, homicide dropped, precipitously, absolutely dropped, precipitously. 254 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:36,840 Speaker 1: Violence Against Women Act simply provides the programs and funding 255 00:16:37,520 --> 00:16:40,960 Speaker 1: UH for intimate partner violence to stop it and also 256 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,560 Speaker 1: to respond to it, um and in a way that 257 00:16:43,640 --> 00:16:46,880 Speaker 1: is victims centered. That was new in the mid nineteen nineties. 258 00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:49,360 Speaker 1: Why do I say it was wrenching. It was wrenching 259 00:16:49,840 --> 00:16:54,840 Speaker 1: because the political process in the ninety nineties, if you 260 00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:59,200 Speaker 1: recall Newt Gingrich was what was in charge of the 261 00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:03,720 Speaker 1: House UM and I need to uh NU Gingbridge was 262 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:06,359 Speaker 1: certainly very much a leader at the time. There was 263 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:10,560 Speaker 1: all these very conservative legislators in both the House and 264 00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:16,199 Speaker 1: the Senate UM and the compromise it was made was 265 00:17:16,400 --> 00:17:22,240 Speaker 1: to have the UM the Omnibus Crime Bill was passed, 266 00:17:22,280 --> 00:17:25,000 Speaker 1: and the Violence Against Women Act was part of that 267 00:17:25,119 --> 00:17:30,320 Speaker 1: Omnibus Crime Bill. And the Omnibus Crime Bill provided lots 268 00:17:30,359 --> 00:17:34,280 Speaker 1: of money for training police and prosecutors and judges around 269 00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:38,200 Speaker 1: domestic violence and intimate partner violence. But it also created 270 00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:43,440 Speaker 1: an enormous amount of money for community policing, which has 271 00:17:43,560 --> 00:17:47,680 Speaker 1: over the years been perverted into stop and frisk right 272 00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:52,840 Speaker 1: and in and later on in subsequent UM years, the 273 00:17:52,920 --> 00:17:56,600 Speaker 1: US military frankly began dumping a lot of its material 274 00:17:56,880 --> 00:18:00,520 Speaker 1: into local police forces. And so with this community policing 275 00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:06,080 Speaker 1: now becomes community occupation in many communities and anyway. But 276 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:11,240 Speaker 1: but but quite frankly, UH, freeing women, giving women tools 277 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:17,040 Speaker 1: to UH to leave intimate partner violence has been quite revolutionary. 278 00:18:17,119 --> 00:18:19,080 Speaker 1: So that was that was the second huge win that 279 00:18:19,119 --> 00:18:20,960 Speaker 1: we had, and I would say the third win that 280 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,919 Speaker 1: we had was really driven by now and an organization 281 00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:29,000 Speaker 1: called Legal Momentum UH, which is which does litigation for 282 00:18:29,040 --> 00:18:34,679 Speaker 1: women's rights UH. We sued, We brought a racketeering suit 283 00:18:35,200 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: against extremist organizations that were blockading abortion clinics and UH 284 00:18:40,920 --> 00:18:46,360 Speaker 1: and and threatening violence against abortion providers and just we're 285 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:48,960 Speaker 1: really is again. This was in the late ninety nines. 286 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:51,879 Speaker 1: I think we filed the lawsuit, we won a nationwide 287 00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:56,000 Speaker 1: injunction as a result of which attacks on abortion clinics 288 00:18:56,080 --> 00:19:00,480 Speaker 1: plummeted by more than eighty percent UM. That was a 289 00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:03,240 Speaker 1: huge win during the During the time that litigation was 290 00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:06,159 Speaker 1: going on, we also were able to pass the Freedom 291 00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:09,400 Speaker 1: of what is the freedom of Access to clinic entrances, 292 00:19:09,600 --> 00:19:12,840 Speaker 1: the FACE Act, which essentially makes it a federal crime 293 00:19:13,119 --> 00:19:16,320 Speaker 1: to block clinic entrances. It doesn't mean that they can't 294 00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:20,119 Speaker 1: still harass providers. They clearly are doing that. Um. But 295 00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:25,119 Speaker 1: our our efforts to stop the violence against UH clinics 296 00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:34,200 Speaker 1: had huge impact and really really was very helpful. 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That's right, and don't forget for six off 322 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:23,399 Speaker 1: that first order. Go to my lola dot com and 323 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:27,400 Speaker 1: enter code mom stuff. And now back to the show. 324 00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:36,560 Speaker 1: And of course there are initiatives that the National Organization 325 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:42,840 Speaker 1: for Women has not been able to see through. Muriel Fox, 326 00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:47,720 Speaker 1: when she was talking to Time magazine in June, highlighted 327 00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:50,119 Speaker 1: the issue of childcare for women. I mean that is 328 00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:53,800 Speaker 1: still a massive, perpetual problem problem. Yeah, especially in the 329 00:21:53,880 --> 00:21:59,840 Speaker 1: United States. Um. She also highlighted the emphasis on end 330 00:21:59,880 --> 00:22:05,040 Speaker 1: of visual rather than institutional change. A lah Lean in 331 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:13,120 Speaker 1: that our kind of popular feminist mantras can over focus on, right, 332 00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:17,119 Speaker 1: the idea being we do still need to band together, 333 00:22:17,200 --> 00:22:20,119 Speaker 1: we need each other, we still need this grassroots organizing. 334 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:24,600 Speaker 1: We can't all be expected to like bootstrap it. And 335 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:29,439 Speaker 1: just the focus on the individual leaning in is not 336 00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:32,880 Speaker 1: the answer in every situation, right. I mean, our workplaces 337 00:22:33,280 --> 00:22:36,359 Speaker 1: should be held accountable to change as well. Um. And 338 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:42,119 Speaker 1: she's also very frustrated by the constant likability penalty that 339 00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:45,440 Speaker 1: ambitious women face. Oh yeah, and I mean obviously Hillary 340 00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:52,200 Speaker 1: Clinton being like a one example of this whole likability penalty. 341 00:22:52,400 --> 00:22:57,480 Speaker 1: But there's another issue that we're going to devote a 342 00:22:57,480 --> 00:23:00,840 Speaker 1: podcast too in the future. Which is the Equal Rights 343 00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:07,359 Speaker 1: Amendment UM that I asked Terry about specifically A because UM, 344 00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:10,680 Speaker 1: I'm I wanted to learn more about it, partially for 345 00:23:10,720 --> 00:23:12,960 Speaker 1: selfish reasons because we're going to do a podcast on 346 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:18,879 Speaker 1: it in the future, UM, but also because it's this 347 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:25,320 Speaker 1: piece of legislation that is such a no brainer in 348 00:23:25,359 --> 00:23:30,879 Speaker 1: so many ways, and yet was stymied. And Terry fills 349 00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:34,360 Speaker 1: us in on the whole background of the Equal Rights Amendment. 350 00:23:34,440 --> 00:23:37,359 Speaker 1: If you're not aware of what it is, that is 351 00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 1: one of the most fascinating stories. So women win the 352 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:44,600 Speaker 1: vote in nineteen twenty and immediately Alice Paul, who was 353 00:23:44,680 --> 00:23:48,000 Speaker 1: one of the major um leaders of the fight for 354 00:23:48,080 --> 00:23:52,920 Speaker 1: women's suffrage, immediately right the next document that she wants 355 00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:56,240 Speaker 1: to pass, which is the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. 356 00:23:56,400 --> 00:23:58,439 Speaker 1: She wrote it in the nineteen twenties. It was it 357 00:23:58,520 --> 00:24:02,720 Speaker 1: was submitted to Congress repeatedly in Congress after Congress after Congress. 358 00:24:03,080 --> 00:24:08,800 Speaker 1: In nineteen seventy two, finally Congress passes UH the proposed 359 00:24:08,840 --> 00:24:11,800 Speaker 1: Equal Rights Amendment, which simply says equality of rights under 360 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,119 Speaker 1: the law shall not be abridged on account of sex 361 00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:17,720 Speaker 1: so that's nineteen seventy two. The only way they're able 362 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:19,879 Speaker 1: to get it passed is they they stuck on a 363 00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:23,040 Speaker 1: originally a seven year then it became a ten year 364 00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:28,440 Speaker 1: um time limit. Only if thirty five states ratify within 365 00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:31,399 Speaker 1: the within ten years, then the e r A becomes 366 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:34,480 Speaker 1: part of the constitution. In the early going, the e 367 00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:38,080 Speaker 1: r A caught on like wildfire. Was it was by 368 00:24:38,160 --> 00:24:41,160 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy six. I believe it was by nineteen seventy six, 369 00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:43,480 Speaker 1: and the thing comes out of Congress in seventy two, 370 00:24:43,720 --> 00:24:46,160 Speaker 1: and I think that by nineteen seventy six fully thirty 371 00:24:46,160 --> 00:24:50,600 Speaker 1: five states had already ratified. Then comes the backlash. The 372 00:24:50,680 --> 00:24:54,280 Speaker 1: Catholic Church, a lot of the chambers of commerce and 373 00:24:54,480 --> 00:25:00,560 Speaker 1: the commercial world. The business community was viciously app to 374 00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:03,439 Speaker 1: the Equal Rights Amendment for reasons I have never understood, 375 00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:07,280 Speaker 1: but they put huge resources into stopping it. The the 376 00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:10,439 Speaker 1: the so Elinor Smil, who at the time was the 377 00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:14,320 Speaker 1: president of of the National Organization for Women, decided that 378 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:17,399 Speaker 1: that now had to make the e r A a huge, 379 00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:20,960 Speaker 1: huge issue, one less push, Let's get all of those 380 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:26,040 Speaker 1: thirty eight states ratified. So she created a nationwide action 381 00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:31,080 Speaker 1: campaign that was years long. It was remarkable, it was galvanizing, 382 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:35,880 Speaker 1: it was UH. It was just this huge, huge effort. UM. 383 00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:43,320 Speaker 1: Ultimately we fell three vote, three states short of ratification. UM. 384 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:45,560 Speaker 1: Some people at the time said that the r A 385 00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:48,119 Speaker 1: was dead. It turns out it was stalled. It was 386 00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:50,480 Speaker 1: not dead. It's it's stalled. We we believe that the 387 00:25:50,560 --> 00:25:54,080 Speaker 1: ten year UH time limit with bogus and UH and 388 00:25:54,080 --> 00:25:56,840 Speaker 1: and not effective. So we are still working to pass 389 00:25:57,160 --> 00:26:00,439 Speaker 1: to ratify the e r A with three three more states. 390 00:26:00,440 --> 00:26:04,680 Speaker 1: But here's the amazing part of what happened, that huge 391 00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:09,480 Speaker 1: movement with men and women supporting the Equal Rights Amendment. 392 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:13,880 Speaker 1: Even though we failed to get those last three states 393 00:26:13,920 --> 00:26:19,199 Speaker 1: to ratify it, it absolutely sparked a sea change in 394 00:26:19,400 --> 00:26:24,400 Speaker 1: people's attitudes. So n two comes and those of those 395 00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:29,040 Speaker 1: last three states have not ratified the amendment. Then by 396 00:26:29,119 --> 00:26:33,400 Speaker 1: the end of the nineteen nineties, the surveys are showing 397 00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:37,760 Speaker 1: that huge majorities, I'm talking eightieso odd percent of men, 398 00:26:38,320 --> 00:26:41,920 Speaker 1: nineties odd percent of women are all saying that women 399 00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:45,200 Speaker 1: should have equality and that it should be in the constitution. 400 00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:47,960 Speaker 1: And se of them now say it already is in 401 00:26:48,040 --> 00:26:51,600 Speaker 1: the constitution. So you have to ask yourself What did 402 00:26:51,600 --> 00:26:56,800 Speaker 1: those women do in the nineteen eighties after the e 403 00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,760 Speaker 1: r A failed to get those three votes? What was 404 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:04,760 Speaker 1: going on? It was absolutely remarkable. They remained active, they 405 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:10,840 Speaker 1: remain determined to achieve equality, and in fact, because they 406 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:15,439 Speaker 1: had such huge public support, overwhelming public support for the 407 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:19,480 Speaker 1: concept of women's equality, they were able to move forward, 408 00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:24,880 Speaker 1: um in huge numbers. Ten years after two comes two, right, 409 00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:28,240 Speaker 1: that is the year that huge numbers of women get 410 00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:32,560 Speaker 1: elected to Congress. So it was you just can't call 411 00:27:32,600 --> 00:27:35,000 Speaker 1: it a defeat when you look at what happened afterwards. 412 00:27:35,760 --> 00:27:38,480 Speaker 1: It was the leaders of the leaders of the movement, 413 00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:40,160 Speaker 1: It was the leaders of NOW, it was the leaders 414 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:43,240 Speaker 1: of other women's organizations saw that there was all this 415 00:27:43,480 --> 00:27:46,840 Speaker 1: energy and UH and they used it UH and they 416 00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:50,040 Speaker 1: handled it into making more games in other ways. But 417 00:27:50,080 --> 00:27:53,879 Speaker 1: if for some reason you're not as deeply interested in 418 00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:56,879 Speaker 1: the r A as we are and thinking that the 419 00:27:56,960 --> 00:28:01,040 Speaker 1: fight for for the e r A is as old news, um, 420 00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:04,080 Speaker 1: I mean, we have to emphasize the fact that NOW 421 00:28:04,359 --> 00:28:10,200 Speaker 1: is very much still active in pushing for institutional change 422 00:28:10,400 --> 00:28:15,879 Speaker 1: and is massively and has been massively influential UH in 423 00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:18,359 Speaker 1: the legal arena as well, especially when it comes to 424 00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:22,080 Speaker 1: protecting and expanding women's rights. And along those lines, Kristen, 425 00:28:22,119 --> 00:28:27,000 Speaker 1: you asked her about the Stanford rape case and the 426 00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:29,840 Speaker 1: whole campaign that rose up around it to get the 427 00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:32,960 Speaker 1: judge on that case recalled. I think it's important to 428 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:36,760 Speaker 1: recall this judge. I am so grateful to Professor Michelle 429 00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:42,920 Speaker 1: Dauber at Stanford who is leading the recall case and UH, 430 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:44,960 Speaker 1: and I hope your listeners will go will go to 431 00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:52,000 Speaker 1: recall Aaron Persky dot com or recall Judge Persky dot com. 432 00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:55,560 Speaker 1: Both of those go to Professor Dauber's website that she 433 00:28:55,640 --> 00:28:58,320 Speaker 1: has set up. This is going to be a costly effort, 434 00:28:58,560 --> 00:29:00,960 Speaker 1: but I think it's possible to get that man off 435 00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:04,280 Speaker 1: the bench entirely, not relying on him to be to resign, 436 00:29:04,560 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: but we are. But I think that the voters out 437 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:10,440 Speaker 1: in California need to take him out um of that position. 438 00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:12,960 Speaker 1: He doesn't belong on the bench. And I think that 439 00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:15,400 Speaker 1: this is going to have huge repercussions because it's going 440 00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:19,040 Speaker 1: to prove that we can do something that collectively, we 441 00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:23,040 Speaker 1: who care about UH sexual assault, we can actually take 442 00:29:23,080 --> 00:29:28,200 Speaker 1: action that is impactful. It will UM. I think it 443 00:29:28,280 --> 00:29:32,600 Speaker 1: is now part of the growing movement to stop rape 444 00:29:32,680 --> 00:29:36,600 Speaker 1: on campus UM, which is also quite frankly, a movement 445 00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:39,240 Speaker 1: to stop rape in the military, and it's a movement 446 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:44,000 Speaker 1: to UM to end UH and trafficking girls in middle 447 00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,400 Speaker 1: school and high school. It's a different type of issue, 448 00:29:46,760 --> 00:29:50,440 Speaker 1: but sexual assault and sexual violence I think are becoming 449 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:54,560 Speaker 1: UM important issues nationwide. And I hope the recalling Judge 450 00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:58,720 Speaker 1: Persky can be a huge step towards signaling to all 451 00:29:58,760 --> 00:30:01,000 Speaker 1: of the other judges out there that it is not 452 00:30:01,120 --> 00:30:06,800 Speaker 1: okay to somehow justify a vicious a vicious felony because 453 00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,360 Speaker 1: a young man also knows how to swim and is white. 454 00:30:10,000 --> 00:30:12,120 Speaker 1: So and I don't think you can you can eliminate 455 00:30:12,480 --> 00:30:16,840 Speaker 1: the racial aspect of this. Uh. Just think what might 456 00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:20,640 Speaker 1: have happened if the perpetrator had not been right and 457 00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:23,680 Speaker 1: had not been a star athlete. So so that's that's 458 00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:27,400 Speaker 1: part of it. UM. I also think that UM, I 459 00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:31,040 Speaker 1: think it's very important because I had this conversation with 460 00:30:31,560 --> 00:30:35,080 Speaker 1: with a number of people the other day, and uh, 461 00:30:35,120 --> 00:30:39,400 Speaker 1: you know, there are two systems of law that exist 462 00:30:40,680 --> 00:30:44,200 Speaker 1: that are relevant to sexual trauma and sexual assault. One 463 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:47,880 Speaker 1: is our criminal justice system. And the criminal justice system 464 00:30:47,920 --> 00:30:50,960 Speaker 1: does not put the victim at the center of its concern. 465 00:30:51,040 --> 00:30:55,760 Speaker 1: In fact, it's the state versus perpetrator, it's not victim 466 00:30:55,920 --> 00:30:59,040 Speaker 1: versus perpetrators. So that you've got the criminal justice system 467 00:30:59,080 --> 00:31:01,920 Speaker 1: where the commune of the itself has been offended and 468 00:31:02,040 --> 00:31:05,240 Speaker 1: is putting this criminal away. Then you have Title nine 469 00:31:05,600 --> 00:31:10,000 Speaker 1: on college campuses, which exists to ensure that every um 470 00:31:10,120 --> 00:31:13,440 Speaker 1: woman gets an equal educational opportunity, and that would include 471 00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:17,400 Speaker 1: victims of sexual assault. So colleges have an obligation to 472 00:31:17,640 --> 00:31:21,960 Speaker 1: ensure the equal educational opportunity of all of their students, 473 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:27,600 Speaker 1: that that that the equal educational opportunity is not served 474 00:31:27,840 --> 00:31:30,200 Speaker 1: if all you do is turn this guy over to 475 00:31:30,240 --> 00:31:32,320 Speaker 1: the police. Of course, you have to turn a rapist 476 00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:35,240 Speaker 1: over the over to the police. But in addition, schools 477 00:31:35,280 --> 00:31:38,520 Speaker 1: have an obligation to ensure that the victim received a 478 00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:43,080 Speaker 1: fully equal education. To me, all that says that the 479 00:31:43,160 --> 00:31:45,800 Speaker 1: National Organization for Women is not to be taken for 480 00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:54,520 Speaker 1: granted and is still incredibly relevant. Um. Along those same lines, 481 00:31:55,480 --> 00:31:59,440 Speaker 1: one thing that I definitely wanted to ask Terry about 482 00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:04,400 Speaker 1: in terms of taining their relevance is how she sees 483 00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 1: activism intersecting with technology and social media, because obviously, you know, 484 00:32:13,400 --> 00:32:15,920 Speaker 1: they likely said there was no Google share Drive, there 485 00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:18,640 Speaker 1: was no Twitter back in the day when all everything 486 00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:23,280 Speaker 1: was getting off the ground. So it's also been really 487 00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:28,600 Speaker 1: crucial for the organization to remain current in terms of 488 00:32:28,760 --> 00:32:34,280 Speaker 1: how we communicate with each other and you know, publicize 489 00:32:34,520 --> 00:32:40,280 Speaker 1: feminist platforms to the world at large and listen, Terry 490 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:46,760 Speaker 1: thinks that social media is terrific specifically for intersectionality. Digital 491 00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:50,360 Speaker 1: activism has actually grown to be a really key part 492 00:32:50,680 --> 00:32:54,840 Speaker 1: of grass eas Active Graphs organizing. For now UM I 493 00:32:54,880 --> 00:32:57,200 Speaker 1: will tell you that many of our chapters do an 494 00:32:57,320 --> 00:33:00,560 Speaker 1: enormous amount of their organizing through Facebook because it's a 495 00:33:00,640 --> 00:33:04,200 Speaker 1: very friendly platform for doing things. It is no longer 496 00:33:04,240 --> 00:33:07,280 Speaker 1: the case that most women can travel long distances to 497 00:33:07,280 --> 00:33:10,520 Speaker 1: go to a monthly chapter meeting. Many do. Many have 498 00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:15,480 Speaker 1: virtual meetings of their chapters instead, So utilizing the online 499 00:33:15,480 --> 00:33:19,040 Speaker 1: tools is huge. And of course UM pushing your message 500 00:33:19,040 --> 00:33:24,080 Speaker 1: out by social media and following your allies and understanding 501 00:33:24,160 --> 00:33:27,360 Speaker 1: what their messages has been a key part of being 502 00:33:27,360 --> 00:33:30,520 Speaker 1: able to respond quickly, so a rapid response to things 503 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:32,840 Speaker 1: that are going on. In fact, it was it was 504 00:33:32,880 --> 00:33:37,320 Speaker 1: the New York City Now Chapter president who actually UM 505 00:33:37,360 --> 00:33:41,360 Speaker 1: contacted me and said, how about if you and California 506 00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:45,040 Speaker 1: Now and I all put together this letter about Judge Persky. 507 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:47,160 Speaker 1: And I said, Wow, Sonia, if you could do that, 508 00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:50,080 Speaker 1: I would be forever grateful. So she took the lead 509 00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:55,120 Speaker 1: on it. UM the Um. The existence of social media, 510 00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:58,640 Speaker 1: I think is huge. I think something else is happening 511 00:33:58,640 --> 00:34:01,720 Speaker 1: and I and I know it's has happened for me 512 00:34:02,480 --> 00:34:05,200 Speaker 1: UM and for many of the NOW leaders that I 513 00:34:05,280 --> 00:34:08,120 Speaker 1: interact with, and I'm hoping that it permeates throughout the 514 00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:12,520 Speaker 1: entire organization. And it's this. Some of the most eloquent 515 00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:17,640 Speaker 1: and and active individuals on Twitter are African American women. 516 00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:23,120 Speaker 1: It just so happens that the most reliably progressive voters 517 00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:26,080 Speaker 1: in our country right now as a group are African 518 00:34:26,120 --> 00:34:32,320 Speaker 1: American women. I think that social media has given feminists, 519 00:34:32,480 --> 00:34:37,040 Speaker 1: particularly anti racist feminists, an opportunity to interact with these 520 00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:40,200 Speaker 1: amazing women and to learn from these amazing women, and 521 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:45,279 Speaker 1: to have their understanding of the feminist agenda deeply informed 522 00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:49,600 Speaker 1: by these amazing African American women and Latinas and Latino 523 00:34:49,760 --> 00:34:53,560 Speaker 1: Xes who are who are all on social media, and 524 00:34:53,640 --> 00:34:56,080 Speaker 1: so I think that that is broadening and deepening our 525 00:34:56,280 --> 00:34:59,120 Speaker 1: understanding of what the feminist agenda is all about. Well, 526 00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:04,440 Speaker 1: so speaking of current with digital activism and remaining relevant 527 00:35:04,840 --> 00:35:07,279 Speaker 1: through things like social media, you know, we wanted to 528 00:35:07,320 --> 00:35:11,480 Speaker 1: know what the future holds for this very important grassroots 529 00:35:11,560 --> 00:35:15,400 Speaker 1: organization now that it's fifty, Now that it's reached I 530 00:35:15,440 --> 00:35:19,919 Speaker 1: guess middle age, Well, what does the future hold well? 531 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:27,239 Speaker 1: For one thing, the Equal Rights Amendment Round two around Basilian, 532 00:35:27,360 --> 00:35:30,560 Speaker 1: if you count all of the initiatives to get it 533 00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:34,720 Speaker 1: past now is at the moment formulating a national action 534 00:35:34,800 --> 00:35:39,320 Speaker 1: campaign around an intersectional interpretation of the e r A. 535 00:35:39,760 --> 00:35:42,000 Speaker 1: Not only do we want to ratify the e r A, 536 00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:43,880 Speaker 1: we want to make sure that the r A is 537 00:35:43,960 --> 00:35:47,640 Speaker 1: relevant for immigrant women, that it's relevant for African American women, 538 00:35:47,640 --> 00:35:51,160 Speaker 1: that it's relevant for pregnant women and relevant for women 539 00:35:51,160 --> 00:35:53,680 Speaker 1: who don't want to get pregnant, That it's relevant for 540 00:35:53,880 --> 00:35:58,200 Speaker 1: lesbians and transgender women and the entire lgbt q i 541 00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:00,879 Speaker 1: A community. We're we're going to be rolling stuff out 542 00:36:00,920 --> 00:36:03,400 Speaker 1: and it's one of the most exciting parts to me 543 00:36:03,800 --> 00:36:06,319 Speaker 1: of the e r A. UM. I keep hearing the 544 00:36:06,920 --> 00:36:11,120 Speaker 1: critique that it's only about gender, but I don't believe that. 545 00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:14,320 Speaker 1: I think that if we had any r A, for example, 546 00:36:14,719 --> 00:36:17,760 Speaker 1: we could force a change in the immigration laws, which currently, 547 00:36:18,239 --> 00:36:20,800 Speaker 1: if you look at them, they are very skewed against 548 00:36:20,920 --> 00:36:24,719 Speaker 1: immigrant women. Um. So it is not the case that 549 00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:27,080 Speaker 1: you can't be intersectional with the e r A. So 550 00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:30,040 Speaker 1: we're starting that project, which I'm very excited about. But 551 00:36:30,120 --> 00:36:35,840 Speaker 1: Caroline Terry all around is just super pumped to be 552 00:36:35,920 --> 00:36:40,040 Speaker 1: doing the work of now right now. Yeah. I mean 553 00:36:40,880 --> 00:36:43,120 Speaker 1: I mentioned this at the very beginning that she did 554 00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:47,080 Speaker 1: her fist pump as she was passionately talking with Kristen 555 00:36:47,120 --> 00:36:50,880 Speaker 1: and me and how I just think she's fabulous and 556 00:36:50,920 --> 00:36:53,560 Speaker 1: it's so obvious, and I hope it's obvious having heard 557 00:36:54,040 --> 00:36:57,320 Speaker 1: the interview with her, I hope it's obvious how passionate 558 00:36:57,440 --> 00:37:00,680 Speaker 1: and excited she is to be doing this work. Yeah. Well, 559 00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:03,040 Speaker 1: her and and all of the people that we saw 560 00:37:03,120 --> 00:37:08,280 Speaker 1: and that we met at the conference. Um, which really 561 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:13,239 Speaker 1: it's for me at least, it really deepened my understanding 562 00:37:13,440 --> 00:37:16,600 Speaker 1: of the movement at large, because I mean, you have 563 00:37:17,160 --> 00:37:20,400 Speaker 1: you had women who were there from the mid sixties 564 00:37:20,960 --> 00:37:24,360 Speaker 1: who are still working at today who are still angry 565 00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:28,680 Speaker 1: covered in now button buttons. Decades of button listen now 566 00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:32,440 Speaker 1: has button swag nailed that button game. Who it is 567 00:37:32,480 --> 00:37:35,840 Speaker 1: on point? They slay those buttons. What excites me the 568 00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:39,160 Speaker 1: most is this moment that we're in. Look, just go 569 00:37:39,440 --> 00:37:42,000 Speaker 1: figure you've got and you've got a woman who was 570 00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:47,680 Speaker 1: proudly feminist, um, who has run a campaign of inclusivity 571 00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:51,320 Speaker 1: on issues and an inclusive campaign but specifically on the 572 00:37:51,400 --> 00:37:55,280 Speaker 1: shoes all right, running as the Democratic nominee for President 573 00:37:55,320 --> 00:38:01,560 Speaker 1: of the United States of America. And you have a demagogue, 574 00:38:01,960 --> 00:38:08,799 Speaker 1: a deeply misogynistic, racist, xenophobic demagogue running against her. You 575 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:15,719 Speaker 1: could not have a more stark, I think, um description 576 00:38:16,040 --> 00:38:21,160 Speaker 1: of exactly what this what this country is struggling with, right, 577 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:25,080 Speaker 1: we are struggling with. I I do view Hillary Clinton's 578 00:38:25,120 --> 00:38:29,319 Speaker 1: candidacy as our opportunity to make a clean break with 579 00:38:29,440 --> 00:38:33,920 Speaker 1: our racist and sexist and homophobic past and and to 580 00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:37,640 Speaker 1: reject Donald Trump as the epitome of what we don't 581 00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:41,120 Speaker 1: like about America's history, and to and to move forward 582 00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:46,080 Speaker 1: with with with with a real promise of equality for 583 00:38:46,120 --> 00:38:48,879 Speaker 1: all the different communities that are that are that make 584 00:38:48,960 --> 00:39:01,960 Speaker 1: up this country. Yeah. Well, thank you so so much 585 00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:06,040 Speaker 1: to Terry O'Neil for talking to us, giving us her 586 00:39:06,080 --> 00:39:09,719 Speaker 1: time and also to the organization for having us at 587 00:39:09,800 --> 00:39:16,000 Speaker 1: the conference. Um, we were truly honored to go and listeners, 588 00:39:16,280 --> 00:39:20,120 Speaker 1: Hopefully this has been as informative and helpful of a 589 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:24,279 Speaker 1: history lesson for you as it has been for us. Yeah. 590 00:39:24,320 --> 00:39:26,560 Speaker 1: And if I mean, if we if this episode and 591 00:39:26,560 --> 00:39:29,799 Speaker 1: the conversation with Terry can play a role in reducing 592 00:39:29,880 --> 00:39:33,399 Speaker 1: some of those generational gaps and misunderstandings, UM, I will 593 00:39:33,440 --> 00:39:38,400 Speaker 1: be super pleased. I think you know, there will always 594 00:39:38,480 --> 00:39:41,760 Speaker 1: be divisions and how people of different ages, backgrounds, whatever, 595 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:45,200 Speaker 1: see the world. But if we can help bridge that 596 00:39:46,120 --> 00:39:50,799 Speaker 1: chasm of misunderstanding, uh, to show that the women of 597 00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:54,480 Speaker 1: now and the second Waivers were not across the board 598 00:39:54,640 --> 00:39:57,359 Speaker 1: one entity. Yeah, I mean, and it's just so there's 599 00:39:57,400 --> 00:40:01,959 Speaker 1: just so much that we today as millennial feminists, however 600 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:05,040 Speaker 1: you want to identify yourself. There's so much that we 601 00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:11,560 Speaker 1: have to learn from that period in time about how 602 00:40:11,600 --> 00:40:14,560 Speaker 1: things were not so long ago and how much things 603 00:40:14,560 --> 00:40:17,759 Speaker 1: have changed, and that we are should not take any 604 00:40:17,760 --> 00:40:20,680 Speaker 1: of it for granted. Um, but also how much certain 605 00:40:20,719 --> 00:40:23,239 Speaker 1: things have not changed, and how we do need to 606 00:40:23,239 --> 00:40:27,239 Speaker 1: stay angry and keep following that anger and wave our 607 00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:31,640 Speaker 1: angry feminist penance and If you want to learn more 608 00:40:31,680 --> 00:40:35,279 Speaker 1: about now and or get involved, you can head over 609 00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:40,399 Speaker 1: to their website at now dot org. And we'd love 610 00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:42,880 Speaker 1: to hear from you about everything that we've been talking 611 00:40:42,880 --> 00:40:46,279 Speaker 1: about today and everything that Terry shared with us. Mom 612 00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:49,640 Speaker 1: Stuff at how Stuff works dot com is our email address. 613 00:40:50,040 --> 00:40:54,000 Speaker 1: You can also tweet us at Mom's Stuff podcast or 614 00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:57,160 Speaker 1: messages on Facebook, and we've got a couple of messages 615 00:40:57,200 --> 00:41:03,880 Speaker 1: to share with you right now. So I have a 616 00:41:03,960 --> 00:41:08,440 Speaker 1: letter here from Lauren on our Women in Political Campaigning 617 00:41:08,480 --> 00:41:13,040 Speaker 1: episode from a little while back, and Lauren writes, I'm 618 00:41:13,040 --> 00:41:16,040 Speaker 1: a twenty two year old recent college graduate who's working 619 00:41:16,080 --> 00:41:18,959 Speaker 1: as a political fundraiser in d C for a mid 620 00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:22,880 Speaker 1: sized trade association. In college, I worked in several roles 621 00:41:22,960 --> 00:41:26,360 Speaker 1: on my home representatives campaigns, including as an intern and 622 00:41:26,480 --> 00:41:30,239 Speaker 1: later as a field organizer. In both campaign cycles, my 623 00:41:30,320 --> 00:41:33,279 Speaker 1: REPS chief of staff was a woman, and the majority 624 00:41:33,320 --> 00:41:36,640 Speaker 1: of staff at all levels were women. While I recognize 625 00:41:36,640 --> 00:41:39,279 Speaker 1: that this is true for a minority of campaigns, I 626 00:41:39,320 --> 00:41:42,360 Speaker 1: think my ability to work in an almost entirely female 627 00:41:42,400 --> 00:41:45,719 Speaker 1: campaign environment gave me the confidence that I could hold 628 00:41:45,800 --> 00:41:49,120 Speaker 1: any position in a campaign office that I wanted. I 629 00:41:49,120 --> 00:41:51,400 Speaker 1: think you missed the mark slightly in what seemed to 630 00:41:51,400 --> 00:41:54,920 Speaker 1: be your suggestion that fundraising jobs are less prestigious and 631 00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:59,000 Speaker 1: not outward facing in campaigns, while they aren't in the 632 00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:02,520 Speaker 1: same war room, and as serily, finance directors are almost 633 00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:06,200 Speaker 1: always included in all high level meetings. After all, no 634 00:42:06,320 --> 00:42:08,480 Speaker 1: strategy can be implemented if you don't have the funds 635 00:42:08,480 --> 00:42:11,200 Speaker 1: to back it up. Finance directors are counted on to 636 00:42:11,280 --> 00:42:13,640 Speaker 1: know how much money is currently in the bank, what 637 00:42:13,719 --> 00:42:16,040 Speaker 1: the day to day cost of operating the campaign is, 638 00:42:16,080 --> 00:42:18,799 Speaker 1: and how much campaign can be expected to raise as 639 00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:22,200 Speaker 1: the cycle continues. While a low level fundraiser might stay 640 00:42:22,239 --> 00:42:24,480 Speaker 1: in the office and make arrangements for the next event 641 00:42:24,560 --> 00:42:27,880 Speaker 1: or make invitations. I think that fundraising jobs are frequently 642 00:42:27,960 --> 00:42:30,640 Speaker 1: some of the most outward facing jobs on a campaign. 643 00:42:31,320 --> 00:42:34,120 Speaker 1: I think many women are drawn to finance careers because 644 00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:38,279 Speaker 1: the hours for fundraising are significantly more predictable. Low level 645 00:42:38,320 --> 00:42:40,759 Speaker 1: field work is popular for both men and women, but 646 00:42:40,840 --> 00:42:44,000 Speaker 1: the hours are insane and very few people can continue 647 00:42:44,040 --> 00:42:46,600 Speaker 1: with that lifestyle for very long. I think many women 648 00:42:46,719 --> 00:42:49,319 Speaker 1: choose to shift tracks because they want a career with 649 00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:51,560 Speaker 1: more work life balance, or one that will allow them 650 00:42:51,560 --> 00:42:54,160 Speaker 1: to have a family more easily, which is probably why 651 00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:57,840 Speaker 1: many women choose not to pursue top level field jobs 652 00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:01,960 Speaker 1: in strategy positions. However, that does not mean the finance 653 00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:06,520 Speaker 1: positions are inferior to the high level field positions. I've 654 00:43:06,520 --> 00:43:09,359 Speaker 1: only ever worked on Democrats campaigns. But that's my two 655 00:43:09,360 --> 00:43:12,880 Speaker 1: cents based on my experience. Well, Lauren, thank you so much. 656 00:43:13,160 --> 00:43:15,560 Speaker 1: And I would say that wasn't two cents, that was 657 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:18,600 Speaker 1: that was a whole nickel um, So thanks so much 658 00:43:18,640 --> 00:43:22,360 Speaker 1: for sharing your experience with us. And I have a 659 00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:27,359 Speaker 1: letter here from Nicole in response to our Librarian episode 660 00:43:27,560 --> 00:43:30,839 Speaker 1: in which we mentioned the division between women who went 661 00:43:30,880 --> 00:43:35,280 Speaker 1: into teaching and women who went into librarianship. She says, hello, 662 00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:39,040 Speaker 1: literally writing on my phone while on the treadmill, Nicole, 663 00:43:39,120 --> 00:43:43,200 Speaker 1: that is dangerous. I hope you stopped. Uh, she says, 664 00:43:43,400 --> 00:43:46,879 Speaker 1: you talked about ye only public schools being quote kind 665 00:43:46,920 --> 00:43:50,960 Speaker 1: of intent sometimes because there were quote untrained women teachers 666 00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:53,040 Speaker 1: coming in with students of all ages who were sometimes 667 00:43:53,080 --> 00:43:55,279 Speaker 1: larger and taller, and it could be physically exacting to 668 00:43:55,320 --> 00:43:59,720 Speaker 1: manage a classroom. Hello. Hello, Hello, Uh, this is still 669 00:43:59,800 --> 00:44:02,520 Speaker 1: how opening today. I was a public school teacher in 670 00:44:02,520 --> 00:44:05,680 Speaker 1: Baltimore City in Washington, d C. For seven years. Several 671 00:44:05,680 --> 00:44:09,200 Speaker 1: things to comment on. One, I am five too, and 672 00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:11,600 Speaker 1: students were often taller than I was, even when I 673 00:44:11,600 --> 00:44:14,000 Speaker 1: taught middle school. When I taught high school, I was 674 00:44:14,080 --> 00:44:18,360 Speaker 1: often the shortest person in the room. Two. Untrained teachers 675 00:44:18,360 --> 00:44:21,360 Speaker 1: are still common, particularly in the urban schools where I taught. 676 00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:25,920 Speaker 1: Alternative certification programs think Teach for America provide large numbers 677 00:44:25,960 --> 00:44:29,520 Speaker 1: of women teachers with a summer's worth of training. Let 678 00:44:29,560 --> 00:44:33,040 Speaker 1: me tell you not enough. I was alternatively certified, so 679 00:44:33,080 --> 00:44:35,880 Speaker 1: I'm not against these programs totally, but they do place 680 00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:40,760 Speaker 1: under trained teachers in high needs classrooms in higher performing schools. 681 00:44:40,840 --> 00:44:43,439 Speaker 1: Kids in one class are typically the same age. That's 682 00:44:43,440 --> 00:44:46,359 Speaker 1: not a guarantee in urban schools. One year I taught 683 00:44:46,440 --> 00:44:48,319 Speaker 1: kids in the same class who arranged an age from 684 00:44:48,320 --> 00:44:52,680 Speaker 1: twelve to sixteen. High rates of retention, particularly among black students, 685 00:44:52,719 --> 00:44:56,000 Speaker 1: make urban classrooms highly diverse, and even if students are 686 00:44:56,040 --> 00:44:59,120 Speaker 1: the same age, the range of academic abilities is staggering. 687 00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:02,600 Speaker 1: It is physically exhausting, and remain that way the entire 688 00:45:02,640 --> 00:45:07,160 Speaker 1: seven years I taught four As for quote, breathing that 689 00:45:07,239 --> 00:45:11,160 Speaker 1: bad air of those stifled classrooms and listeners. She's referring 690 00:45:11,200 --> 00:45:15,719 Speaker 1: to the efforts to get more women into librarianship by 691 00:45:15,719 --> 00:45:19,120 Speaker 1: convincing them that you won't be so stifled in these 692 00:45:19,120 --> 00:45:22,239 Speaker 1: classrooms and it's you know, less, physically exacting work to 693 00:45:22,280 --> 00:45:26,359 Speaker 1: be a librarian. Nicole says, my very first classroom had 694 00:45:26,360 --> 00:45:30,600 Speaker 1: two tiny, opaque windows, only one opened, and even then 695 00:45:30,680 --> 00:45:34,239 Speaker 1: it opened inward six inches. Talk about a stifled classroom. 696 00:45:34,680 --> 00:45:37,240 Speaker 1: None of my classrooms in d C had windows that opened, 697 00:45:37,239 --> 00:45:40,719 Speaker 1: but they were Florida ceilings, so at least I got sunshine. 698 00:45:41,160 --> 00:45:42,840 Speaker 1: Kind of a long email, but I just wanted to 699 00:45:42,880 --> 00:45:45,480 Speaker 1: point out that many teachers are still dealing with difficult 700 00:45:45,480 --> 00:45:47,840 Speaker 1: situations every day as they do the hard work of 701 00:45:47,960 --> 00:45:50,640 Speaker 1: educating our youth. Thanks for the great content. I look 702 00:45:50,640 --> 00:45:53,200 Speaker 1: forward to future episodes, and thanks for the insight, Nicole, 703 00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:56,840 Speaker 1: and thanks to everybody who's written into us. Mom Stuff 704 00:45:56,880 --> 00:45:59,719 Speaker 1: at how stuff Works dot com is our email address 705 00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:02,279 Speaker 1: and for links all of our social media as well 706 00:46:02,280 --> 00:46:04,640 Speaker 1: as all of our blogs, videos and podcasts with our 707 00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:08,680 Speaker 1: sources so you can learn more about second wave feminism. 708 00:46:08,719 --> 00:46:12,000 Speaker 1: And now head on over to stuff Mom Never Told 709 00:46:12,040 --> 00:46:18,160 Speaker 1: You dot com for more on this and thousands of 710 00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:28,160 Speaker 1: other topics. Is it how stuff works? Dot com