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Speaker 1: Hey, this is Buck Sexton and you're listening to the

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Speaker 1: Tutor Dixon Podcast, part of the Clay Travers and Buck

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Speaker 1: Sexton podcast Network.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to the Tutor Dixon Podcast. I'm Tutor Dixon, and

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Speaker 2: I'm so glad you're here with me today because today

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Speaker 2: we're learning. So a lot of times we talk about

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Speaker 2: different subjects, but to me, this one is really important.

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Speaker 1: I saw an.

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Speaker 2: Article in Michigan a few weeks ago about bees and

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Speaker 2: how important bees are, and to me, I think this

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Speaker 2: is something that I know very little about that is

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Speaker 2: a very important part of my life, and so I

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Speaker 2: wanted to bring on the assistant professor who was quoted

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Speaker 2: in the article.

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Speaker 1: Her name is Megan Milbrerath.

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Speaker 2: She works at Michigan State's Entomology Department and is the

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Speaker 2: coordinator for the Michigan Pollinator Initiative.

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Speaker 1: Meghan, thank you.

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Speaker 2: So much for coming on and talking to us about this, because,

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Speaker 2: like I said, I'm afraid of bees, but I think

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Speaker 2: they're very important and I want you to help me

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Speaker 2: understand why I shouldn't be afraid of them and what

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Speaker 2: we need to do to keep safe.

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Speaker 3: Thank you for having me. It's my pleasure to talk

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Speaker 3: about bees.

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Speaker 2: Absolutely, I'm excited that you are here. So in your

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Speaker 2: article you had some really interesting points, and one of

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Speaker 2: them sort of freaked me out, to be honest, because

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Speaker 2: it said you have to be really careful about what

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Speaker 2: kind of pesticides that you're using, even in your yard.

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Speaker 2: And I think that probably naively, I've felt like, well,

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Speaker 2: if I'm using something in my yard, it's not affecting

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Speaker 2: these bee colonies, but they're coming into my yard.

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Speaker 1: You went on to say, I mean even weed killers.

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Speaker 2: So my first question for you is, quite honestly, I

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Speaker 2: hate mosquitoes. And there's the in the grocery store, there's

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Speaker 2: always this advertisement for one of those products that you use.

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Speaker 2: It's like the backyard mosquito killer. Is am I killing

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Speaker 2: bees when I use that?

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Speaker 3: All right? I like how we're starting with the really

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Speaker 3: depressing stuff first.

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Speaker 1: So it really.

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Speaker 3: It does depend. So you know, mosquitoes are insects and

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Speaker 3: bees are insects, and so there are quite a few

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Speaker 3: things that will affect both, especially if you're doing things

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Speaker 3: that target adults. There are some things like the dunks

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Speaker 3: or the ones that you put in the water that

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Speaker 3: will be Larvale specific, that will be specific for bees.

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Speaker 3: But yeah, Unfortunately, a lot of the things that you

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Speaker 3: can purchase directly from any hardware store or garden supply

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Speaker 3: store can really negatively affect bees, and it may not

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Speaker 3: be clearly labeled on there that it will.

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Speaker 1: Have an effect on interesting.

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Speaker 2: And then when we talk about having an effect on them,

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Speaker 2: they are obviously very important, and we are. I mean,

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Speaker 2: I have four daughters, so every time we're in the

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Speaker 2: backyard and a bee comes by, we freak out and

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Speaker 2: we scream, and we are afraid and we're.

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Speaker 1: Swatting at the bee.

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Speaker 2: But in your article you said we don't necessarily have

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Speaker 2: to be afraid, So explain to me why we don't

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Speaker 2: necessarily have to be afraid.

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Speaker 3: Yes, Well, first off, bees take the brunt of a

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Speaker 3: lot of bad press from wasps and yellow jackets and hornets,

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Speaker 3: so those aren't technically bees, and they don't really have

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Speaker 3: a major role in pollination. So there's something completely different.

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Speaker 3: Those are, you know, a little more on the territorial side,

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Speaker 3: or I don't like to say aggressive, I like to

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Speaker 3: say assertive, because it's their house to you. So the

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Speaker 3: ones that are a little more territorial or that tend

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Speaker 3: to sting are usually wasps, and yellow jackets. Bees, on

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Speaker 3: the other hand, really have no interest in stinging, and

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Speaker 3: in the case of honey bees, you know they will

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Speaker 3: die if they sting you, So for them, it's really

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Speaker 3: not worth it for them to sting you unless they

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Speaker 3: or their hive is actually endangered. So when a bee

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Speaker 3: is out forage only, you know, when it's away from

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Speaker 3: the nest, it is only interested in finding food and

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Speaker 3: it really wouldn't be motivated to sting you at all.

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Speaker 3: You could still get up on it, but in that case,

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Speaker 3: you know, it's probably kind of deserved that they're going

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Speaker 3: to die from getting stepped on.

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Speaker 1: So how much do we truly rely on bees?

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Speaker 2: Because I think we think that there are different ways

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Speaker 2: to pollinate, but really our fruits and vegetables, it's mostly bees, right.

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Speaker 3: Correct, And it's mostly honey bees. So in Michigan we

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Speaker 3: have four hundred and sixty five ish species of native bees,

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Speaker 3: and most of them are solitary bees, and they're beautiful

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Speaker 3: and diverse. But a few things about them is you know,

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Speaker 3: they're solitary, so they don't build up in huge numbers,

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Speaker 3: and most of them are smaller and they don't fly

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Speaker 3: that far, so for them to be useful for pollination.

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Speaker 3: They really have to be right on site, and a

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Speaker 3: lot of the places where we grow food are not

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Speaker 3: necessarily great for pollinator habitat because we do use pesticides

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Speaker 3: when we produce foods, and also we've you know, changed

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Speaker 3: the landscape and we have a lot of monoculture. So

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Speaker 3: in most places where we're growing fruits and vegetables, we

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Speaker 3: are dependent on bringing in European or Western honeybees. So

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Speaker 3: we have one species of honeybee that we use in

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Speaker 3: North America and that bee is responsible for almost all

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Speaker 3: of the pollination that happens for all of our specialty crops.

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Speaker 3: So all the fruits and vegetables are pollinated by honeybees

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Speaker 3: where beekeepers are bringing them onto site because we can't

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Speaker 3: get meat pollination needs by the native bees that could

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Speaker 3: be in them.

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Speaker 2: Okay, beekeeping, I met a lot of people when I

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Speaker 2: was campaigning across the state that are beekeepers, but I

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Speaker 2: didn't see any These were people that owned other businesses

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Speaker 2: and then they were beekeepers on the side. It seems

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Speaker 2: like it's more of a side gig. You don't have

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Speaker 2: a huge operation of beekeeping. But I'm not sure. Am

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Speaker 2: I wrong about that is this something that people are

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Speaker 2: doing as kind of a hobby, but they are helping

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Speaker 2: the environment.

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Speaker 3: There's a couple points there. So in Michigan we classify

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Speaker 3: beekeepers into three groups. So we do have a large

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Speaker 3: number of hobby beekeepers and the reason you probably met

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Speaker 3: them is because you know, there's a lot of people

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Speaker 3: who just want to do it as you know backyard beekeepers.

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Speaker 3: Then we have a second group, which would be people

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Speaker 3: with like fifty to five hundred hives, and those we

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Speaker 3: classify as sideliners. And so that's where I would fall

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Speaker 3: into where I run a beekeeping business, but I also

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Speaker 3: have a full time job, so it's my side business.

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Speaker 3: And then in Michigan we have a group of commercial

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Speaker 3: beekeepers where and it's unfortunate that you didn't meet them

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Speaker 3: because there essentially are the backbone of Michigan agriculture. So

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Speaker 3: we don't have you know, all of the things that

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Speaker 3: we're known for of blueberry and apples and cherry production,

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Speaker 3: those are all supported by a group of commercial beekeepers

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Speaker 3: who provide colonies for pollination services. So they will be

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Speaker 3: having five hundred to our largest one has we have

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Speaker 3: a couple above ten thousand colonies and they move them

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Speaker 3: around the state and indeed the country to provide pollination services.

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Speaker 2: Really obviously that the hobby folks they keep them on site,

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Speaker 2: but the commercial they move them around and they'll even

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Speaker 2: leave the state. Are they then are they going to

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Speaker 2: different states that are having that are pollinating at different

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Speaker 2: times of the year.

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Speaker 3: Yep, exactly. So in the United States we have about

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Speaker 3: two point six million honeybee colonies and about two million

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Speaker 3: of those two point six so most of the bees

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Speaker 3: in the country are out in California in February for

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Speaker 3: almond pollination, and then a typical route for a beekeeper

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Speaker 3: that's in Michigan is and that's in February February to March,

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Speaker 3: and then it's too cold to come back to Michigan

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Speaker 3: at that point, so they'll go down south, perhaps Florida

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Speaker 3: or Georgia or Texas, and then they'll build up their

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Speaker 3: colonies again after almond pollination to get ready for Michigan

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Speaker 3: pollination like blueberries up cheries, which is basically starting right

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Speaker 3: now in May. And then after that they'll have to

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Speaker 3: move out of those areas because this phrase will start

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Speaker 3: and the food will be gone because bloom will be

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Speaker 3: over and then they'll go either to wine crop pollination

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Speaker 3: because that's also really big in Michigan, or they'll go

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Speaker 3: out to a place where they can do honey production

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Speaker 3: and then they'll be out there till the fall and

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Speaker 3: then either go back down south. Or there's a lot

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Speaker 3: of people are overwintering indoors in sheds now as well,

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Speaker 3: so it is very It's one of the last migratory

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Speaker 3: livestock that we maintain in the United States.

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Speaker 2: It sounds like there's a lot of science behind it,

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Speaker 2: so you really have to know what you're doing. I mean,

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Speaker 2: I hear a lot of people say they want to

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Speaker 2: get into it because we keep hearing that we're losing bees.

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Speaker 2: Was there a point when we had three million colonies

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Speaker 2: and we're losing or is that a fallacy that we're

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Speaker 2: just all afraid of.

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Speaker 3: No, it's absolutely true. And there's two things. So we

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Speaker 3: used to have over five million colonies at the end

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Speaker 3: of World War two and it has dropped down to

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Speaker 3: the two point six million colonies that's that's maintained over

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Speaker 3: the last ten years. But what's behind that is we

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Speaker 3: have really high rates of death. So you know, normally

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Speaker 3: beekeepers would lose you know ten to fifteen percent of

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Speaker 3: their animals, just like all livestock things happen. The last

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Speaker 3: few years, we've been losing thirty to fifty percent every

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Speaker 3: year and why so there's a combination of things. So

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Speaker 3: part of it we talk about the big ps, so pesticides, pathogens, parasites,

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Speaker 3: and foreign autrition and they all kind of work together.

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Speaker 3: So you know, we mentioned a little of the pesticide

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Speaker 3: stress that affects them, and that is significant for honeybees

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Speaker 3: in particular. We also have a parasite that's got about

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Speaker 3: a ninety six percent death rate and we don't have

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Speaker 3: great treatments for it, and it's called the veroamite, and

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Speaker 3: that's incredibly deadly and we just don't have good tools.

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Speaker 3: And then we have poor nutritions. So honey bees eat

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Speaker 3: flowers and so their entire diet comes from flowers. So

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Speaker 3: the pollen is their protein and fats, and the nectar

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Speaker 3: is their carbohydrates, and we just keep removing more flowers

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Speaker 3: from the landscape. And then there's some other pathogens as well,

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Speaker 3: so different diseases, and that's for the honey bees. The

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Speaker 3: native bees are susceptible to a lot of the same

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Speaker 3: things and sometimes are fairy and even worse because you know,

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Speaker 3: in the case of poor nutrition, they don't have a

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Speaker 3: beekeeper that will come in and feed them. And so

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Speaker 3: the native bees, you know, we have a lot of

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Speaker 3: data on what's happening with the honey bees. A lot

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Speaker 3: of them. We don't know what's happening to their populations,

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Speaker 3: just like anything, you know, some of them seem to

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Speaker 3: be doing okay. So for example, if we just look

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Speaker 3: at bumblebees, there's one bumble bee called Bombus impatience, the

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Speaker 3: common eastern bumblebee, and that we can can find all

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Speaker 3: over the place. It seems to be thriving in urban

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Speaker 3: environments and it seems to be fine. And then there's

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Speaker 3: another bumblebee called the rusty patched bumblebee that was native

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Speaker 3: to Michigan that we haven't seen in decades. So it's

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Speaker 3: on the endangered species lifts and is really suffering.

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Speaker 1: Let's take a quick commercial break. We'll continue next on

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Speaker 1: the Tutor Dixon Podcast. What do we do about this?

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Speaker 2: Because I think that it just doesn't get a whole

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Speaker 2: out of play, and I don't understand why it doesn't.

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Speaker 2: I was telling you before we got on, I saw

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Speaker 2: this night photographer. He's a National Geographic night photographer who

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Speaker 2: I mean, it's pretty fascinating just to look at his photography.

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Speaker 2: But he said he follows the migration patterns of birds

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Speaker 2: and bees because the light pollution has affected how the

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Speaker 2: birds and the bees move across the country because they

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Speaker 2: are confused by this. What he said is the LED

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Speaker 2: lights are this bright white LED light is confusing them

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Speaker 2: because they think it's daytime all the time. And so

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Speaker 2: what he's been trying to talk to people about is

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Speaker 2: putting softer lights out there. Even the LEDs come in

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Speaker 2: a softer yellow, which people don't really want because they think,

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Speaker 2: I want this bright light, but it's actually affecting our

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Speaker 2: birds and our bees, and.

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Speaker 1: So I thought that.

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Speaker 2: So when I saw your article, that's why I was like,

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Speaker 2: I have to talk to her because I think this

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Speaker 2: is stuff that we just don't get a lot of

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Speaker 2: play on. We don't have this community discussion about this,

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Speaker 2: but we really could be doing things to help. When

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Speaker 2: you talk about flowers, is it helpful for us to

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Speaker 2: research this and put these different flowers in our yards?

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Speaker 2: I mean, what can we be doing to help? Yeah?

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Speaker 3: Absolutely, And your point about what the photographer said, I

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Speaker 3: think it's very similar in that, you know, you make

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Speaker 3: little decisions that maybe don't seem that would be that

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Speaker 3: big of a kind of all put together, they can

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Speaker 3: really have a big effect. And the thing that's happening

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Speaker 3: with the bees, especially the loss of food and habitat

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Speaker 3: on the landscape, is really caused by you know, lots

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Speaker 3: of people making land use decisions without really considering the

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Speaker 3: effect that it will have. The big thing you could

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Speaker 3: do is plant and to look at things for flowers,

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Speaker 3: and we maintain there's tons of resources and tons of

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Speaker 3: groups that can help with planting lists and how to

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Speaker 3: find plants for pollinators. But it can be just as

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Speaker 3: simple as you know, choosing what type of tree to

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Speaker 3: put in. So trees in Michigan aren't incredibly important food

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Speaker 3: sources for bees. And if you can add in a

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Speaker 3: pollinator supportive tree when you're making your choice, or if

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Speaker 3: you're evaluating your lawn, if you look, you can overseed

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Speaker 3: with white clover, or maybe there's parts that you you

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Speaker 3: know you can take ten percent and stop mowing that,

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Speaker 3: or you can install a rain garden. And we try

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Speaker 3: to do is to have people to have people We

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Speaker 3: say you know, just do what you can where you can.

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Speaker 3: So even if you don't own property, maybe you can

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Speaker 3: talk to a church or school and have them put

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Speaker 3: in ten bassot trees that you maintain and really try

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Speaker 3: to look as you of where you can create habitat

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Speaker 3: or at least create food resources that are that are

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Speaker 3: good for bees. When you start seeing, you know, if

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Speaker 3: you're a beekeeper and you're driving, all you see is

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Speaker 3: just people mowing or land getting taken from something that's

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Speaker 3: semi wild and put into asphalt and sod and pine trees.

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Speaker 3: And we are really quickly and dramatically taking a landscape

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Speaker 3: that can support pollinators and putting it into things that can't.

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Speaker 3: And the thing with bees is we can easily coexist.

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Speaker 3: It's just a matter of you know, putting in lavender

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Speaker 3: plants across that border on the front, just so that

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Speaker 3: there's some food sources on the ground when we're taking

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Speaker 3: them all.

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Speaker 2: It's interesting because it's not something that you here anywhere.

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Speaker 2: I mean, even when years ago when we were putting

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Speaker 2: our landscaping in, it wasn't something that even the landscapers

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Speaker 2: were talking about. You would think that that would be

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Speaker 2: kind of where that would come from. Of we need

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Speaker 2: to do this, but how do we It seems like

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Speaker 2: we've lost years of this. I mean, you're talking about

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Speaker 2: World War two having five million, now we have two

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Speaker 2: point six colonies. How do we make this conversation bigger?

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Speaker 2: And obviously that's why I wanted to have you on today,

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Speaker 2: to make this conversation bigger. But I'm pretty sure you

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Speaker 2: said something about our rain garden and I don't even

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Speaker 2: know what that is, So I'm like, how do I

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Speaker 2: explain this to people?

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Speaker 3: So I think, I mean, we definitely have a bootload

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Speaker 3: of resources on our website, which I'll make sure you

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Speaker 3: can I'm guessing your show notes so that you can share.

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Speaker 3: But we have a lot of resources on pollinators dot

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Speaker 3: MSU dot edu. And we also have the Extension Master

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Speaker 3: Gardeners program, and there's groups called the Wild Ones and

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Speaker 3: Serxi Society, so there are a lot of people that

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Speaker 3: have resources. We try to do a lot of training.

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Speaker 3: We've gotten funding so that we can put education. We

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Speaker 3: do a lot of education for landscapers, so when they

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Speaker 3: do their pesticide recertification credits, we do a lot of

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Speaker 3: trading with them. But yeah, it is it is very

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Speaker 3: hard to get the information out, especially when you know

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Speaker 3: it doesn't necessarily financially affect most people directly at the.

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Speaker 2: Moment, but it will because we won't. I mean, that's

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Speaker 2: what I want you to get into. So why is

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Speaker 2: it important that we do this? Because what is at risk?

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Speaker 3: So right now a lot of the the reason I

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Speaker 3: think we don't see a lot of what's happening is

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Speaker 3: because you know, most of our beekeepers are going out

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Speaker 3: to California to support the almond industry, and almond pollination

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Speaker 3: prices are quite high, so the beekeepers have been able

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Speaker 3: to maintain a lot of these threats because they're getting

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Speaker 3: they're able to make up their payments from California almonds.

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Speaker 3: And you know, everybody watched the news and saw the

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Speaker 3: weather out in California this year and over the last

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Speaker 3: couple of years, and it's pretty scary that all of

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Speaker 3: the bees that we require in Michigan to support our

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Speaker 3: agriculture are dependent on California almends. You know, it would

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Speaker 3: be great if they had enough resources and didn't have

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Speaker 3: to deal with all the deaths and didn't of the

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Speaker 3: bees and didn't have to necessarily move around, but that

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Speaker 3: is the way the current is. They are kind of

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Speaker 3: supported bostry, and you know, those are the bees that

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Speaker 3: come back to Michigan and pollinate all of our fruits

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Speaker 3: and vegetables. So that is really what is keeping those

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Speaker 3: prices reasonable for our food systems. And that's just you know,

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Speaker 3: they're incredibly important in the agriculture system. But when we

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Speaker 3: talk about our natural systems as well. You know, if

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Speaker 3: you go back to like sixth grade and you learned

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Speaker 3: about food webs, you know, at the autom is plants,

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Speaker 3: but really what's in there is most of the native

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Speaker 3: plants require bees or other pollinators to reproduce as well.

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Speaker 3: So they're incredibly important for us to get fruits and vegetables,

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Speaker 3: but also just the maintenance of our woods and prairies

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Speaker 3: and all of our other natural ecosystems as well.

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Speaker 2: I think a lot of people hear this and they go, man,

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Speaker 2: I would have to really understand it to do it.

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Speaker 2: But it sounds like a lot of this is just

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Speaker 2: adding a few different plants to your garden. And these

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Speaker 2: are not I mean, when you're talking about lavender, these

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Speaker 2: are not plants that you have to be tending to.

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Speaker 1: These are plants that you can put in and they're

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Speaker 1: going to just grow and thrive and come back every year.

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Speaker 3: Correct, The perennials are actually ideal, and so it does

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Speaker 3: take a lot of work to be a beekeeper. But

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Speaker 3: one of the things that we educate on is that,

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Speaker 3: you know, the honey bees are not native and having

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Speaker 3: a honey beehive is not helpful for the environment. Lovely hobby.

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Speaker 3: It can be a really excellent agricultural business, but it

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Speaker 3: doesn't actually help the bees. You know, even at the

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Speaker 3: worst case scenario, it can actually be dangerous to have

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Speaker 3: more or difficult because if you're a hobby beekeeper, you

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Speaker 3: can actually spread disease to the native bees, or you

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Speaker 3: can help spread the disease. I just wow, because just

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Speaker 3: by having so many more on a higher density of this,

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Speaker 3: you know, non native insect that does interact with the environment.

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Speaker 3: You know, you're increasing competition or things like that. So

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Speaker 3: we really promote that, you know, and I'm saying this

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Speaker 3: as a beekeeper whose whole life is bees, and I

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Speaker 3: love being a beekeeper, but I do it as a

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Speaker 3: agricultural endeavor, you know, if it's a hobby or business.

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Speaker 3: But when I talk about my conservation work, it is

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Speaker 3: really focused on planting and you know you mentioned the perennials,

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Speaker 3: but honestly, some of the best things are just trees,

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Speaker 3: and so a lot of the trees and a lot

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Speaker 3: of it are trees that you know, a lot of

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Speaker 3: times people think that they can't plant for pollinators because

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Speaker 3: they don't want to turn their yard into a hippie wonderland.

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Speaker 3: And you can make choices where you can maintain your

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Speaker 3: same aesthetic, especially if you look at the trees and shrubs.

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Speaker 3: You know, so things like bass woods, which I mentioned,

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Speaker 3: black locust is excellent. A lot of the maples and

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Speaker 3: elms provide early pollen, but a lot of the shrubs,

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Speaker 3: and especially if they focus on Michigan natives, those are

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Speaker 3: ones that are usually adapted to live in this climate,

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Speaker 3: so they require even less input.

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Speaker 2: Usually we have I think it's a rhododendron that's blooming

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Speaker 2: right now, and even in this cold weather that we have,

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Speaker 2: we have bumblebees all around them.

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Speaker 3: This is the time of year when what you're seeing

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Speaker 3: is actually the bumblebee queens will be out, so they

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Speaker 3: will be the ones that are out looking for nests

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Speaker 3: and for fruit sources to get the season started.

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Speaker 2: Little did I know that I was surrounded by Royalty

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Speaker 2: every time I walked outside, So that's exciting. I have

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Speaker 2: really enjoyed talking about this, Like I said, as I've

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Speaker 2: learned more about our food supply and the importance of bees,

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Speaker 2: I just think that there's opportunity for us to talk

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Speaker 2: to people about it. And so what I'm taking from this,

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Speaker 2: but you can correct me if I'm wrong, is you're

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Speaker 2: not advocating for everybody to become hobby bee keeper. You're

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Speaker 2: really saying, look at your own environment, what you can

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Speaker 2: do to provide more food, and then also be careful

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Speaker 2: about the chemicals you're using.

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Speaker 3: Really, no, that's exactly it is. We don't necessarily I

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Speaker 3: mean it's a lovely hobby and want to be helpful.

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Speaker 3: By far. The best thing you can do is, you know,

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Speaker 3: judiciously use past side, so make sure you're reading the label,

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Speaker 3: make sure you're only using it when you have to

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Speaker 3: use them, and trying to minimize anything that would especially

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Speaker 3: be sprayed on blooms, you know, so if you can

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Speaker 3: mow or prune ahead of time or spray at night,

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Speaker 3: you can really reduce exposures. And then just plant plant, plant, plant, plant,

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Speaker 3: and as many you know, just really evaluate any land

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Speaker 3: that you have control over any programs that you can

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Speaker 3: work with and see how we can get more food

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Speaker 3: and habitat back on land on ground for both both

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Speaker 3: the honeybees and the native bees in Michigan.

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Speaker 2: Okay, so give us one more time. That website so

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Speaker 2: people know how they can look up what plants they

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Speaker 2: should put in.

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Speaker 3: The website is pollinators dot MSU dot edu. There are

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Speaker 3: a lot of resources on there and so on pollinators

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Speaker 3: dot MSU dot edu and there's a resources and it'll

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Speaker 3: say planting for Pollinators tab and that'll have planting lists

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Speaker 3: and recommendations on there and more resources.

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Speaker 1: Wonderful. I have loved this.

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Speaker 2: Thank you so much for coming on. I really appreciate

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Speaker 2: your willingness to come out and chat with us today

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Speaker 2: and let everybody know how important honeybees are.

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Speaker 1: I'm just so grateful to you.

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Speaker 3: Thank you for the opportunity to share with more people.

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Speaker 3: I love talking about bees and it's great if we

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Speaker 3: can have more people.

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Speaker 2: Absolutely. Megan Milbrath, thank you so much. She is an

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Speaker 2: assistant professor with Michigan State University. This is what she does,

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Speaker 2: she studies it and she was so wonderful to come

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Speaker 2: on and share it with us today. Obviously, for me,

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Speaker 2: I'm very interested in this. I want to make sure

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Speaker 2: that everybody knows, and honestly, I think it will change

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Speaker 2: how I garden this summer. So thank you so much

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Speaker 2: for being here, and thank you all for joining me

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Speaker 2: on the Tutor Dixon Podcast. For this episode and others,

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00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:29,200
Speaker 2: go to Tutor disonpodcast dot com. You can subscribe right there,

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00:23:29,560 --> 00:23:32,960
Speaker 2: or go to Apple Podcasts, the iHeartRadio app, or wherever

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Speaker 2: you get your podcasts. Make sure you join us next

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Speaker 2: time on the Tutor Dixon Podcast.

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Speaker 1: Have a great day.