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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's me Josh and for this week's s

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Speaker 1: Y s K Selects, I've chosen did Reagan Star Wars

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Speaker 1: program Win the Cold War, which we originally released back

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Speaker 1: in August of two thousand and twelve. It's a pretty

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Speaker 1: good look at the time Ronald Reagan bled the Soviet

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Speaker 1: Union dry so badly that it actually brought an end

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Speaker 1: to communism basically all over the world. It's a pretty

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Speaker 1: good episode and I hope you enjoy it. Let's listen now.

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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark.

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Speaker 1: There's Charles W. Chuckers Bryant sitting across from me. Hi. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: have you ever seen Hunty Darko? Oh dude, that's one

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Speaker 1: of my favorites. You know when he takes that mescaline

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Speaker 1: and like that thing comes out of his chest and

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Speaker 1: he starts following it. Yeah, he doesn't take mescalin. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: sometimes I feel when we're sitting across from or another,

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Speaker 1: we're connected by one of us, like a warm hole

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Speaker 1: of fellowship. Yeah, like from the Abyss that's what it

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Speaker 1: sort of looked like. Yeah, it did look a lot

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Speaker 1: like that. I love that movie. Yeah, when um, when

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Speaker 1: Ed Harris takes all that mescaline that movie and sees

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Speaker 1: the sees that thing come up out of the water,

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Speaker 1: it was just like that. No mescaline, no movies. How's

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Speaker 1: it coming in which people take mescalin? Ah, there's plenty

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Speaker 1: of those. Sure, this is what people have been complaining

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Speaker 1: about lately. Who's been complaining? Tell me their names, the

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Speaker 1: various people people have been complained. Oh, you bring something up.

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Speaker 1: I feel like we should address something. We haven't done

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Speaker 1: this in a really long time. It appears to me

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Speaker 1: that we have a lot of newcomers. Yeah, welcome, Yes, welcome, um,

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Speaker 1: And I think anyone who's been following the whole time

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Speaker 1: it kind of gets the stuff you should know jam right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: But it seems like there's a lot of people who

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Speaker 1: don't quite understand what we're doing and think that we

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Speaker 1: purport to be infallible experts on everything and that we

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Speaker 1: don't just get things wrong from time to time. We're

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Speaker 1: just a couple of guys who are pretty decent at researching.

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Speaker 1: That doesn't mean like we invented the topic that we're

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Speaker 1: talking about, or that we didn't just walk right past.

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Speaker 1: Um a fact or something that we missed in our research.

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Speaker 1: It comes up. It happens from time time, So I

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Speaker 1: guess if you're just joining us, that's probably something good

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Speaker 1: to keep in mind. We don't claim to be experts,

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Speaker 1: so don't hold us to that standard because we're not

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Speaker 1: trying to reach that standard. We're just trying to impart

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Speaker 1: some really great information as factually as possible. Um and uh,

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Speaker 1: we love science and wonder great. Are you good? Ah? Yeah? Alright,

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Speaker 1: how are you doing? I'm awesome. Do you have anything

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Speaker 1: to get off of your chest? No, just welcome the

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Speaker 1: pamina cheese. Many sandwiches are in the corner. Help yourself,

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Speaker 1: so chuck. Yes. Do you remember a while back we talked, well,

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Speaker 1: we've talked about this stuff a lot, Mutual assured destruction.

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Speaker 1: We did a podcast on that, specifically, didn't we we did? Um?

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Speaker 1: We did one on who who won the Cold War?

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Speaker 1: Did one on how to steal a nuclear bomb? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like we've done. It's just a fascinating period of world history,

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Speaker 1: the Cold War, agreed, incredibly tense, incredibly scary, and this

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Speaker 1: is our history. It is in part because you're half Russian. No,

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Speaker 1: but Um, I was alive and well and young war kids,

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Speaker 1: weren't we. Yeah, yeah, we've talked about this before, Ruskies,

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Speaker 1: little risk. Um. So uh, the central I guess, the

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Speaker 1: fulcrum of the Cold War, the fact that the reason

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Speaker 1: we're all still here is that was the doctrine of

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Speaker 1: mutual is sure destruction, Yes, which is basically like, we

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Speaker 1: had enough nukes to wipe out the entire world. The

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Speaker 1: Soviet Union had enough nukes to wipe out the entire world.

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Speaker 1: So we were just there in a tense, fragile they taunt,

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Speaker 1: how about a nice game of chess? Exactly, That's why

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Speaker 1: we're still here. So um, this was I guess this

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Speaker 1: accepted reality for every president and every premiere um from well,

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Speaker 1: I guess who for us from ke On, this mutual

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Speaker 1: assured destruction doctrine was just kind of a part of

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Speaker 1: daily life. Um. But when Ronald Reagan came into office,

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Speaker 1: he came up with a different plan. He did in need,

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Speaker 1: so instead of a tense standoff, he found that untoward.

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Speaker 1: I guess I think he found it. From my understanding

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Speaker 1: of Reagan, he would have found it untoward because it

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Speaker 1: didn't give America a clear advantage. Well, the article says

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Speaker 1: he found it morally and politically distasteful. I agree with

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Speaker 1: in that Reagan didn't like mutual or shore destruction for

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Speaker 1: one reason or another. So we came up with something

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Speaker 1: a game changer, you would call it today. If you

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Speaker 1: read books that of an airplane is also reading at

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Speaker 1: the same time, that's right, what is it, Josh? He

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Speaker 1: came up with the Strategic Defense Initiative, which the press

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Speaker 1: like to call start the star Wars program. And I

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Speaker 1: remember this very very well because it was largely derided

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Speaker 1: in the press for a bunch of reasons. Uh, we're

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Speaker 1: going to talk about Yeah, I remember very well too.

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Speaker 1: It was all over Mad magazine. Um, it was all

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Speaker 1: over time. There were awesome illustrations of like satellites with

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Speaker 1: laser shooting out of them that like you could see

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Speaker 1: in the mainstream media a lot. Sure, Um, But yeah,

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Speaker 1: I also remember it kind of just basically being generally

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Speaker 1: disliked by the public. Yeah, as well. Pretty much it was.

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Speaker 1: It was to be laughed at in many circles, although

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Speaker 1: it was a very serious thing. It was, and it

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Speaker 1: was laughed at for a lot of reasons. But that

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Speaker 1: we're gonna go over. So Reagan On March twe he

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Speaker 1: held an address to the nation, little televised speech, and

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Speaker 1: in it he challenged the um scientific community UM, who

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Speaker 1: he said had created nuclear weapons, to make those very

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Speaker 1: same weapons quote UM, impotent and obsolete. And that kind

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Speaker 1: of became the rallying cry, like, let's make nukes impotent

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Speaker 1: and obsolete. And the way you do that is to

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Speaker 1: make it so that we have a missile defense system

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Speaker 1: that can shoot down every single nuclear warhead that Russia

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Speaker 1: has in its arsenal, all at once, if need be. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: after launch. Um, that is so like if they launched

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Speaker 1: their missiles, we can shoot them down in space and UM.

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Speaker 1: In Reagan's view, which you know, I can see his

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Speaker 1: point at the time, UM, there would not be any

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Speaker 1: more need for He thought, it would like neuter the

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Speaker 1: Cold War in its tracks. Soviet Union thought that's not

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Speaker 1: too cool. They thought, yet, and yet, and yet, because

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Speaker 1: well a lot of a lot of people felt like

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Speaker 1: it was going to escalate the arms race, the Soviets thought,

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Speaker 1: this just means you have a clear advantage over us.

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Speaker 1: This doesn't neuter like it neuters us, It doesn't neuter you. Right,

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Speaker 1: And Reagan said as many times as the Soviets could

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Speaker 1: stand to hear it that, Um, this was strictly a

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Speaker 1: missile defense system, a net or a shield if you will, Um,

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Speaker 1: that that would only be used in the event that

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Speaker 1: a Soviet nuclear launch was detected. Right, But the Soviets

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Speaker 1: were saying, or you could just shoot all of our

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Speaker 1: missiles down and then launch a strike, a first strike

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Speaker 1: where we would have no way to retaliate. So, yeah,

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Speaker 1: this is totally unacceptable. And yeah, the Russian rallied against it,

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Speaker 1: but not just them the here at home, there are

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Speaker 1: a lot of people who didn't really care for it,

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Speaker 1: including the public who thought it was a pipe dream,

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Speaker 1: or who thought it would escalate a new arms racist Soviets,

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Speaker 1: or who just thought it was going to be a

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Speaker 1: huge like money pit. Yeah, and it was a lot

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Speaker 1: of those things. Um. And when we say, Soviets, let's

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Speaker 1: go ahead and call out the premiere that I didn't

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Speaker 1: remember Yuri and drop off. I didn't remember him. I

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Speaker 1: don't remember him either, and I looked him up. He

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Speaker 1: was only I mean that it seems like there was

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Speaker 1: a lot of premiers there for a while that like

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Speaker 1: died thereafter. I think he was in like like less

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Speaker 1: than a year and a half. H he was like

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Speaker 1: the KGB had something to do with it in vodka

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Speaker 1: o um. So he was the premier at the time.

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Speaker 1: He wasn't a fan. They launched a big propaganda campaign,

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Speaker 1: it says sevent Their propaganda went toward UH poopoo ing

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Speaker 1: the Star Wars defense program, even though they didn't think

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Speaker 1: it was gonna work. Our Congress apparently right Apparently the

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Speaker 1: Soviets were like, this is not a feasible program. Well,

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Speaker 1: and they said it violates a couple of important treatise

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Speaker 1: UM the a b M, the Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty

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Speaker 1: of seventy two, which the Soviet Union in in UH

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Speaker 1: the United States were both a part of, said that

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Speaker 1: at the time that was two ground based missile defense

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Speaker 1: systems you were allowed. Later on it was one, and

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Speaker 1: I guess this would have been more than two. Not

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Speaker 1: only that ground based is a an operative term in

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Speaker 1: this case, because this was going to be this the

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Speaker 1: strategic defense initiative was going to be space based, and

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Speaker 1: that violates another treaty. N seven Outer Space treaty says

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Speaker 1: that you cannot use weapons of mass destruction in space,

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Speaker 1: and that's pretty much what was going on or that

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Speaker 1: was what was planned, right? So UM, all right, so

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Speaker 1: that's that's why they don't like it, right why And

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Speaker 1: Congress didn't like it. Congress didn't like either. Most people

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Speaker 1: in Congress they they apparently the UM, the Missile Defense

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Speaker 1: Agency attributes UM coining the term star wars to describe

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Speaker 1: the strategic convinced the nation initiative to mock it, really

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Speaker 1: UM to Ted Kennedy and an interview in the Washington Post,

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Speaker 1: like almost right after Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative,

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Speaker 1: and Reagan spent the rest of the time he was

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Speaker 1: in office trying to simultaneously get this push through and

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Speaker 1: to get everyone to stop calling it star wars, because

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Speaker 1: luck had had it caught the American public's imagination like, oh, yeah,

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Speaker 1: star wars, let's just go ahead and blow up Russia

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Speaker 1: with star wars, he would have been like, yeah, let's

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Speaker 1: call it star wars. It's awesome. But it was like

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Speaker 1: Reagan star wars, that crazy old kok he's got all time,

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Speaker 1: and he wants to put weapons in space and just

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Speaker 1: shoot lasers around and all that. So he spent a

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Speaker 1: lot of time lobbying against people calling it star wars.

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Speaker 1: But it didn't work. Uh No, he tried to go

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Speaker 1: by the name Strategic Defense in Initiative. And you know

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Speaker 1: how the press is. I think he is to get

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Speaker 1: ahold of something. It's all over. He was probably even

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Speaker 1: willing to to um allow it to be called the

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Speaker 1: sd I. I'll bet he was even like sd I.

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Speaker 1: So Europe wasn't all in favor the Allies. They had

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Speaker 1: some concerns about the balance of power and how this

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Speaker 1: would affect it. Obviously, and like you said, Congress, Um,

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Speaker 1: not everyone was against it, but they had some major issues,

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Speaker 1: largely a the cost and be is it even possible?

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Speaker 1: Like are we just pipe dreaming here on these lasers?

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Speaker 1: And they were kind of right well at the time,

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Speaker 1: they were so in in Reagan's defense, he said from

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Speaker 1: the outset like this can take years, decades. This is

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Speaker 1: not going to be an overnight thing. And he also said,

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Speaker 1: we're going to test a lot of different stuff. Right

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Speaker 1: that he was like he was well aware of the

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Speaker 1: technology didn't exist, or if it did exist, it was

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Speaker 1: like a glimmer in some national laboratory scientists eyes and

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Speaker 1: it was just in the nascent stages. So um, from

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Speaker 1: the outside he commissioned some reports, and the one that

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Speaker 1: kind of got picked up was the Fletcher Report. And

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Speaker 1: the Fletcher Report basically said, here are eight things you

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Speaker 1: need to build the Strategic Defense Initiative, everything from sensors

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Speaker 1: that can detect when uh intercontinental ballistic missile launch is

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Speaker 1: launched because they don't phone you up and say we've

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Speaker 1: launched exactly right, and you need to make sure that

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Speaker 1: they're accurate. And it's not going to be like a

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Speaker 1: wargames thing where it's like whatever. Um, you also need

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Speaker 1: to come up with some incredible guided miss systems. Um.

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Speaker 1: Just this, Like I think there were like eight different

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Speaker 1: different aspects that basically either needed to be created or

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Speaker 1: needed to be refined to the point where they might

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Speaker 1: as well be created from scratch. And Reagan said do this. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he said, press on. And I think a lot of

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Speaker 1: people at the time in Congress at least we're saying,

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Speaker 1: good idea, let's use this as a bargaining tool in

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Speaker 1: the arms race, like we don't really have to do

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Speaker 1: it right there, like everyone thinks you're serious exactly, And

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Speaker 1: he said this could work as a bargaining chip and

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Speaker 1: he was like, no, I really want the Star wars. Uh,

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Speaker 1: I'm sorry, sd Ift. So apparently um Gorbach got Reagan

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Speaker 1: to meet him for UM Arms Limitations talks in Iceland

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Speaker 1: in October, and Reagan went and they had this great

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Speaker 1: talk and like basically Gorbach was like, let's end mutual

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Speaker 1: sure destruction. Let's basically get rid of our arsenals. And

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Speaker 1: the Soviets were just throwing like bone after bone out

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Speaker 1: the table, and Reagan just can't believe his luck. And

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Speaker 1: then all of a sudden, gorbacho at the end is like, okay,

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Speaker 1: so we'll go ahead and sign off on this, but

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Speaker 1: all of this is contingent that you give up Star Wars, right,

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Speaker 1: And Reagan stood up in the left. Really he left, yeah,

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Speaker 1: which is kind of like that's a little crazy maybe,

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Speaker 1: but that's the level of commitment. He apparently had two

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Speaker 1: Star Wars. Well yeah, not too long after, the Soviet says, well,

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Speaker 1: you know what, we got to do something. We can't

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Speaker 1: build a Star Wars. And it's actually a pretty good

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Speaker 1: idea they said we can, well, at least they thought

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Speaker 1: they could. UM undertake what they called the Polus Skiff,

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Speaker 1: which was will invent a network of weapons to destroy

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Speaker 1: your Star Wars machine UM, which was Hey, that's pretty

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Speaker 1: good thinking. But they didn't have the funding, and uh,

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Speaker 1: it was not very successful either. No, they didn't. And

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Speaker 1: that leads us to um a point if I may

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Speaker 1: skip around a little chuckture, but um, history is kind

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Speaker 1: have vindicated Reagan in one way, Like his Star Wars

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Speaker 1: program didn't go anywhere, but it wasn't given very much time.

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Speaker 1: And the reason why is because the fall of the

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Speaker 1: Soviet Union happened within less than a decade after he

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Speaker 1: announced the star Wars initiative. The program, Uh, the Soviet

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Speaker 1: Union fell collapsed entirely. Uh. And some people attribute that

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Speaker 1: to the defense spending that he immediately caused them to

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Speaker 1: to start expending because of the Star Wars program. True,

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Speaker 1: so he did kind of ratchet up this arms race,

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Speaker 1: but the Soviets couldn't keep up. This came on the

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Speaker 1: heels of US bleeding them dry in Afghanistan secretly funding

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Speaker 1: the muja Hadeen which became the Taliban by the way,

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Speaker 1: but we I don't know how much Reagan knew, but

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Speaker 1: the the Soviets were hurting financially, and then all of

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Speaker 1: a sudden he introduced Star Wars and they couldn't keep up. Yea,

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Speaker 1: and the follow Soviet union. With that came obviously the

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Speaker 1: at least huge threat of all out nuclear war because

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Speaker 1: they were the major players. Um you didn't have to

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Speaker 1: worry about the smaller countries, you know, as far as

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Speaker 1: M A. D goes, right, but you had to worry

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Speaker 1: about rogue states and all that, right, making sure that

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Speaker 1: the Russians could hang onto their arsenal, which they didn't

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Speaker 1: do very well necessarily. But yes, the mutual sure destruction

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Speaker 1: just went the way the dinosaur. When the Soviets fell. Um,

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Speaker 1: H W. Bush comes along, people get annoyed by the way,

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Speaker 1: and when we don't say President so and so, who

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Speaker 1: does here? Are you see as this on Facebook? Now,

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Speaker 1: I've seen people right in before, and I've heard other

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Speaker 1: people say you should always address them as President so

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Speaker 1: and so. But I hear all the time people say Obama, Clinton, Reagan.

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Speaker 1: So no no disrespect intended, folks. H W. Bush comes along,

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Speaker 1: Soviet union has fallen, So he's like, you know what,

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Speaker 1: we need to really cut back on this scope of

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Speaker 1: this sd I. He probably would have just scrapped it

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Speaker 1: all together. But he was pretty loyal to Reagan, of course,

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Speaker 1: and um so he refocuses a program, cuts it back.

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Speaker 1: Clinton comes along President Clinton and refines it even more

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Speaker 1: and cuts it back even more. And by the time

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Speaker 1: that happened, it wasn't anything like Reagan's initial Star Wars program. No,

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Speaker 1: not at all. No, but it would become handy, which

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Speaker 1: we'll get too. So let's talk about what Star Wars was.

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Speaker 1: We've kind of given like a little bit of a

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Speaker 1: broad overview. But um, until I started researching this, I

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Speaker 1: hadn't really thought about it. But intercontinental ballistic missiles once

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Speaker 1: capable of saying, traveling from Moscow to New York, I

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Speaker 1: have to leave Earth's atmosphere and enter orbit. And so

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Speaker 1: the idea was we would have something up there that

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Speaker 1: could shoot it down when it entered orbit, That's right,

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Speaker 1: Which meant that we had to place. We had to

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Speaker 1: weaponize space. Yeah, and I wonder if they ever gave

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Speaker 1: any thought to what nuclear bomb is going off in

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Speaker 1: space would mean. I mean, surely there's repercussions there. I

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Speaker 1: know it's space, But you can't just go willie nilly

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Speaker 1: setting off nuclear bombs in space? Right did in Nevada? Well,

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Speaker 1: that's that's true, but Kin Toll, Yeah, and look what

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Speaker 1: happened there? What happened there? Well, I'm just saying it.

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Speaker 1: It's it's got to cause some kind of harm to

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Speaker 1: space even though it's space, right, or does it just

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Speaker 1: suck into it? Like, I have no idea. This is

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Speaker 1: something I could not find. I mean a research that

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Speaker 1: couldn't find anything. Yeah. No, I understand what you're saying.

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Speaker 1: In space is a vacuum, so it should have some

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Speaker 1: effect or no effect whatsoever, but it's got to and

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Speaker 1: got to do something. There's someone out there really smart

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Speaker 1: that hopefully is going to email me. I guess though.

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Speaker 1: The the idea behind this was fairly utilitarian, where it

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Speaker 1: was like, okay, this possible consequence in space or saving

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Speaker 1: millions of lives here on Earth, and they just said whatever,

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Speaker 1: that's fine, of course. Um, But so you have something

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Speaker 1: up in space that's capable of shooting down an intercontinental

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Speaker 1: ballistic missile, like an X ray laser. That's this is

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Speaker 1: like where we kind of come to some of them,

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Speaker 1: Like there were a lot of proposals that were kind

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Speaker 1: of out there, but they went ahead and spent a

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Speaker 1: lot of money testing these things like the X ray laser,

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Speaker 1: And that was a physicist Edward Teller. Um it was

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Speaker 1: created the hydrogen bomb. Yeah, I saw that. It was

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Speaker 1: his proposal, so they obviously listened to him, and um,

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Speaker 1: it was gonna use power generated by a nuclear blast.

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Speaker 1: And it never performed well, and it really became the

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Speaker 1: focus point for the press and for David Letterman and

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Speaker 1: for Johnny Carson to make fun of because it was

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Speaker 1: an X ray laser and this is coming off the

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Speaker 1: heels of the Star Wars movies themselves with their X

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Speaker 1: ray blasters. Actually they were star blowing up yeah, or

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Speaker 1: the dust star blowing up that planet Aldern. I think

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Speaker 1: they focused the laser and boom, Um, you just saved

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Speaker 1: me from a lot of ire because I was gonna say, tattooing,

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Speaker 1: I might have got it wrong. I think it was

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Speaker 1: all the wrong. Man. I hope you got it. If

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Speaker 1: there's one thing that I ever hope you got right,

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Speaker 1: it was that one. So so many Star Trek fans

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Speaker 1: would be writing in so that there's the X ray

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Speaker 1: laser and it doesn't go over very well, which was

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Speaker 1: very much the focus of the media, and they were

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Speaker 1: being chided for the fact that they you know, sounded

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Speaker 1: really far out right, but they they tested it it

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Speaker 1: just wouldn't work. The idea behind it was that they

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Speaker 1: were going to have a small controlled nuclear explosion that

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Speaker 1: would power this laser right to create a massive amount

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Speaker 1: of X rays, a concentrated amount of X rays UM

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Speaker 1: that would be focused on a missile and the go kaboom.

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Speaker 1: It was called Project X Caliber, so it had a

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Speaker 1: cool name to but apparently Teller or the people behind

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Speaker 1: it were accused of falsifying the initial UH test the result. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so it kind of went down and scandal and mockery

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Speaker 1: and everything. So in the little boxes said worked or

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00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:10,440
Speaker 1: didn't work, they just checked worked and like we shuffled

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Speaker 1: away with cartoons to it like coming off. And therefore,

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Speaker 1: so some of the other ideas that they tried UM

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Speaker 1: and spent billions of dollars trying um kinetic warheads, apparently

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Speaker 1: they would collide in the orbit. It's like shooting a

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Speaker 1: shooting a missile at another missile UM And that one

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Speaker 1: actually was like the big dog on the block for

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Speaker 1: a while at first in the early stages of Star Wars,

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Speaker 1: because they figured out that you could have this thing

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Speaker 1: like basically a satellite based garage with like ten missiles

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Speaker 1: in it, and you just have it floating up there

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Speaker 1: and then shoot at a missile. You know. When one

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Speaker 1: came up and it was a good idea, they're like,

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Speaker 1: we can actually do that, Like, I think we can

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Speaker 1: do this. The problem is that somebody pointed out that

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Speaker 1: all the Russians had to do is shoot a missile

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Speaker 1: at your garage, and for their one missile, they took

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Speaker 1: out ten. So people said, okay, let's get back to it,

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Speaker 1: and they started exploring other one. It's like bringing a

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Speaker 1: knife to a gunfight. It's like bringing a missile to

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Speaker 1: a multi missile fight. No that I don't think that

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Speaker 1: analogy works at all. I know. I think it's like

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Speaker 1: a sitting duck. Okay. Uh. The other thing they wanted

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Speaker 1: to try, Josh, was US rail guns mounted on satellites.

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Speaker 1: Did you see the popular mechanics drawing of it. I did,

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Speaker 1: and it's pretty wicked. Yeah. I gotta admit. It looks

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Speaker 1: like an I beam coming out of this out of like,

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Speaker 1: but it's shooting like a three ounce slug at two

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Speaker 1: hundred miles a second. It's pretty wicked. Yeah. Um, that

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Speaker 1: one didn't go very far because of the um energy requirements. Yeah,

385
00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:14,880
Speaker 1: it was just way too expensive in an energy sense. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And then the m I R A C L miracle laser. Um.

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00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,119
Speaker 1: It was another laser, but it was ground based using mirrors. Right.

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00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:26,679
Speaker 1: It was a chemical laser. It wasn't like an uh,

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Speaker 1: nuclear X ray laser. It's like they just started to

390
00:23:30,960 --> 00:23:34,600
Speaker 1: try to throw cool sci fi terms of the time together,

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Speaker 1: like let's make laser, but let's make it a nuclear

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Speaker 1: X ray laser, and we'll shoot missiles out of this

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Speaker 1: guy with tron laser Tron, let's ad that. Um. So

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00:23:46,400 --> 00:23:49,840
Speaker 1: then this article doesn't really go into it. But after

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00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:54,520
Speaker 1: after some of these were kind of asked and answered. Um.

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Speaker 1: Up until and even beyond the fall of the Soviet Union,

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Speaker 1: the Shining Star and all this became the these things

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Speaker 1: called bright pebbles. Does that ring a bell? It did

399
00:24:03,600 --> 00:24:05,480
Speaker 1: for me when I ran across it, I was like, Ahi,

400
00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:08,760
Speaker 1: those two words sound very familiar. So bright Pebbles was

401
00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:13,760
Speaker 1: the little garage with ten missiles. These were very small ones,

402
00:24:13,800 --> 00:24:19,359
Speaker 1: like say, um, twenty to fifty pound mini garages that

403
00:24:19,359 --> 00:24:22,640
Speaker 1: would shoot slugs or would ram themselves. But I think

404
00:24:22,640 --> 00:24:25,479
Speaker 1: they would shoot slugs. And rather than having one garage

405
00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:28,240
Speaker 1: with ten missiles, you would have thousands of these little

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Speaker 1: things all over the country, all over the all over space.

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00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:34,399
Speaker 1: They're in space. Yeah, so they were hoping for a

408
00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,760
Speaker 1: constellation of up to like four thousand of these things

409
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Speaker 1: just floating around in space. The cool thing about him

410
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:42,760
Speaker 1: was if you took one out, there were still three

411
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Speaker 1: thousand nine left right. They were autonomous, so they could

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Speaker 1: attack on their own if they if they wanted to.

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00:24:52,160 --> 00:24:55,199
Speaker 1: They could also coordinate and communicate with one another to

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00:24:55,320 --> 00:24:58,400
Speaker 1: launch coordinated attacks against missiles. It would be very tough

415
00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:02,200
Speaker 1: to overwhelm these things, um and they would have been

416
00:25:02,240 --> 00:25:07,080
Speaker 1: designed to protect US space based assets like satellites, and

417
00:25:07,160 --> 00:25:09,600
Speaker 1: if the Soviets ever launched anything like it, these things

418
00:25:09,640 --> 00:25:11,960
Speaker 1: were trained to just go right after them and blow

419
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Speaker 1: them out of the sky too. So basically they were

420
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Speaker 1: like little sentinels in space and they were going to

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Speaker 1: be cost effected to It was gonna cost about eleven

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Speaker 1: billion in UM in nineteen eighty four dollars I think,

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Speaker 1: which is about twenty billion a day. It was considering

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Speaker 1: that they were looking at like twenty billion, which is

425
00:25:31,040 --> 00:25:34,600
Speaker 1: about forty three billion in UH today's dollars, just to

426
00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:36,960
Speaker 1: get some of the other ones off the ground. So

427
00:25:37,240 --> 00:25:39,120
Speaker 1: to get a thousand off the ground that you could

428
00:25:39,119 --> 00:25:42,000
Speaker 1: mass produce just eleven billion dollars at the time was

429
00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:45,320
Speaker 1: quite a bargain and had the fall of the Soviet

430
00:25:45,440 --> 00:25:48,240
Speaker 1: Union not coming gone, we probably would have bright pebbles

431
00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:50,840
Speaker 1: up in space right now. And as a matter of fact,

432
00:25:50,880 --> 00:25:54,439
Speaker 1: they were proven. They were tested. Um the Clementine probe

433
00:25:54,480 --> 00:25:58,240
Speaker 1: which mapped the Moon in that was a bright pebble

434
00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:02,760
Speaker 1: that they basically redesigned instead of uh well as a weapon.

435
00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:05,080
Speaker 1: They used it to map the Moon and it did

436
00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:10,800
Speaker 1: so successfully, so they would have worked. And lastly, yes,

437
00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:15,280
Speaker 1: a computer model of bright pebbles found that had they

438
00:26:15,320 --> 00:26:19,120
Speaker 1: been in operation during the first GO four um, they

439
00:26:19,119 --> 00:26:24,199
Speaker 1: would have shot down Saddam scuds scud missiles with accuracy.

440
00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:29,520
Speaker 1: Pretty crazy, but well cheap. I was gonna say expensive, No,

441
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:32,840
Speaker 1: they're cheap. They just didn't have time to come along. Well,

442
00:26:32,840 --> 00:26:35,280
Speaker 1: the problem with the rest of the plans is I

443
00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:39,000
Speaker 1: saw one quote that said that at the time they

444
00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:41,879
Speaker 1: were just sort of taking these ideas almost from science fiction,

445
00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:45,200
Speaker 1: and they felt like they were or some scientists felt

446
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:48,960
Speaker 1: like they were a decade away from even like they're saying,

447
00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:51,400
Speaker 1: we can't even start this for ten years. We need

448
00:26:51,400 --> 00:26:54,359
Speaker 1: to research for ten years to see if any of

449
00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:56,880
Speaker 1: this is even feasible. But I think instead of sort

450
00:26:56,920 --> 00:27:00,480
Speaker 1: of like trying these things out, Reagan was encourageding that though.

451
00:27:00,520 --> 00:27:02,159
Speaker 1: I mean, I'm sure he was like, hurry up. But

452
00:27:02,200 --> 00:27:03,760
Speaker 1: at the same time, and I think he got the

453
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:06,080
Speaker 1: impression he was saying, like sky's limit, guys like us,

454
00:27:06,119 --> 00:27:09,240
Speaker 1: your imagination, do whatever you can come up with. Definitely,

455
00:27:09,280 --> 00:27:14,000
Speaker 1: the sky's the limit beyonda So did any of these

456
00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:16,919
Speaker 1: ever work at all? So apparently a couple did. Like

457
00:27:16,960 --> 00:27:23,040
Speaker 1: they shot down three, they shot down a stationary object

458
00:27:23,359 --> 00:27:27,000
Speaker 1: on Earth, they shot down, um, a mock warhead in

459
00:27:27,040 --> 00:27:30,680
Speaker 1: the Earth's atmosphere, and they shot down another mock warhead

460
00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:32,840
Speaker 1: in space. And one of those things was going twenty

461
00:27:32,880 --> 00:27:37,159
Speaker 1: one an. So so some of these technologies, because they

462
00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:40,400
Speaker 1: had a bunch of different groups testing all these different things,

463
00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:42,920
Speaker 1: and some of them were successful for the most part now,

464
00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:46,679
Speaker 1: but it eventually led to a different sort of defense

465
00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:48,960
Speaker 1: system that we still had today, right or is it

466
00:27:49,080 --> 00:27:52,880
Speaker 1: that what some people say, yeah, like the ballistic missile

467
00:27:53,040 --> 00:27:59,359
Speaker 1: defense system, um is it's the out growth of star Wars.

468
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:01,800
Speaker 1: Like the idea that we have a missile defense system

469
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:05,040
Speaker 1: comes from Star Wars. So even though we're not using

470
00:28:05,119 --> 00:28:07,840
Speaker 1: X ray lasers, a lot of people say it had

471
00:28:07,840 --> 00:28:10,120
Speaker 1: some benefit in the end after all. Yeah, because we're

472
00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:12,800
Speaker 1: using sensors, those same sensors like a lot of the

473
00:28:12,840 --> 00:28:17,000
Speaker 1: research that was not like X ray lasers, but that

474
00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:21,280
Speaker 1: still had practical applications. We're still doing the day and

475
00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:25,840
Speaker 1: apparently in Pearl Harbor last month, a missile shot down

476
00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:30,120
Speaker 1: another missile over the Pacific successfully as a test. Yeah.

477
00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:33,480
Speaker 1: I was like, somebody's attacking Pearl Harbor again. You don't

478
00:28:33,520 --> 00:28:35,919
Speaker 1: really want They figured the American public doesn't wunt here.

479
00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:38,040
Speaker 1: But yeah, the Chinese shot a missile at us and

480
00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:41,479
Speaker 1: we shot it down. So everything's cool. Was close. So

481
00:28:41,520 --> 00:28:45,760
Speaker 1: I guess that's about it. Huh yeah, Um, that's all

482
00:28:45,800 --> 00:28:49,959
Speaker 1: I got. Okay, So if you want to learn more

483
00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,240
Speaker 1: about Star Wars, I think it bring up a bunch

484
00:28:53,280 --> 00:28:56,400
Speaker 1: of crazy stuff. If you type star Wars in the

485
00:28:56,400 --> 00:29:00,880
Speaker 1: search bar, how stuff works, Like the one Man Star Wars. Uh,

486
00:29:01,040 --> 00:29:03,800
Speaker 1: Star Wars one Man show. Yeah, that's pretty good. Uh,

487
00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:09,320
Speaker 1: Landau Dr Pepper calories Ian remember that one? I do. Yeah,

488
00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:11,040
Speaker 1: there's a lot of stuff. Just type star Wars in

489
00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:12,760
Speaker 1: the search part how stuff works. Dot com and I

490
00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:14,720
Speaker 1: said that, which means it's time for a listener mail.

491
00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:21,800
Speaker 1: Josh and Louid listener mail. We're gonna do a little

492
00:29:21,840 --> 00:29:25,840
Speaker 1: Facebook question to stuff that we like to do from

493
00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:28,520
Speaker 1: time to time. And this is happening live, which is

494
00:29:28,520 --> 00:29:32,200
Speaker 1: pretty exciting. That is scary because I didn't have a

495
00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:34,360
Speaker 1: listener mail ready and this was a good thing to do.

496
00:29:34,680 --> 00:29:38,920
Speaker 1: So let's just look through some of these and you

497
00:29:39,040 --> 00:29:43,760
Speaker 1: let me know what you want to read. Uh. Our

498
00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:47,640
Speaker 1: friend Kubi don Kuby says, uh, is there a particular

499
00:29:47,680 --> 00:29:50,000
Speaker 1: side of the recording booth that you each always sit on?

500
00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:54,560
Speaker 1: The answer to that is yes. Um, I guess if

501
00:29:54,560 --> 00:29:57,800
Speaker 1: you were facing from here, Josh, it's on the right.

502
00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:00,360
Speaker 1: I sit on the left, But you really come in

503
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,360
Speaker 1: from the other side, So Josh sits on the far

504
00:30:03,480 --> 00:30:06,080
Speaker 1: side and I sit on the near side. It's the

505
00:30:06,080 --> 00:30:08,080
Speaker 1: best way to say it. That's very well put. Yeah,

506
00:30:08,080 --> 00:30:10,640
Speaker 1: and I think all the podcasters probably no one ever

507
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:13,520
Speaker 1: sits in a different seat. That'd be really weird. Yeah,

508
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:16,440
Speaker 1: I'm sure everybody sits in there same seat. Like if

509
00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:18,840
Speaker 1: I said over there, they'd be disconcerting. It'd be you'd

510
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:22,200
Speaker 1: have to be a like bona fide nihilist to do that,

511
00:30:22,280 --> 00:30:25,920
Speaker 1: that would just be odd. Um. I've got one from

512
00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:32,200
Speaker 1: Jerome Hanson. I would say Jerome right. Uh, who is

513
00:30:32,240 --> 00:30:38,480
Speaker 1: your favorite Marvel superhero? Uh? I guess I would say Punisher,

514
00:30:39,040 --> 00:30:41,800
Speaker 1: And I know he's not a superhero. He's just a

515
00:30:41,920 --> 00:30:45,720
Speaker 1: straight up hero because he doesn't have any superpowers. But

516
00:30:45,840 --> 00:30:48,760
Speaker 1: he's definitely the comic I was into the most as

517
00:30:48,800 --> 00:30:52,960
Speaker 1: a youngster. I'm gonna go spider Man really yeah, yeah,

518
00:30:53,160 --> 00:30:58,560
Speaker 1: I identified with Peter Parker, not spider Man. Um favorite

519
00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:00,200
Speaker 1: band of all time. I feel like we they through

520
00:31:00,240 --> 00:31:04,720
Speaker 1: that many times. Okay, I'm going with Pavement Still, Pixie's

521
00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:08,479
Speaker 1: still okay. Um. I would like to know your opinion

522
00:31:08,520 --> 00:31:12,360
Speaker 1: of and Margaret. That's from Brian Throckmorton. I think and

523
00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:16,520
Speaker 1: Margaret in her day was one of the most smoking

524
00:31:16,560 --> 00:31:20,680
Speaker 1: hot women on the planet. So my only familiarity with

525
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:22,959
Speaker 1: and Margaret was from The flat Stones when they had

526
00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:26,320
Speaker 1: that character and Mark Rock and she always seemed like

527
00:31:26,320 --> 00:31:28,240
Speaker 1: she was on lithium. So I don't have a great

528
00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:33,080
Speaker 1: opinion of and Margaret. Gotcha, Oh this is good. William Bear,

529
00:31:33,520 --> 00:31:35,720
Speaker 1: if you were speed Limit, what would you be and why?

530
00:31:37,320 --> 00:31:39,280
Speaker 1: You know what I would be, Well, I would be

531
00:31:39,320 --> 00:31:42,040
Speaker 1: one of those special speed limits in state parks. It's

532
00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:44,720
Speaker 1: like five miles an hour. Do you know that there's

533
00:31:44,760 --> 00:31:47,240
Speaker 1: the parking garage here is four and a half? Is

534
00:31:47,240 --> 00:31:49,040
Speaker 1: it really? Yeah? Yeah, that's what I would be. Then

535
00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:50,360
Speaker 1: four and a half miles an hour. It's like they're

536
00:31:50,400 --> 00:31:52,800
Speaker 1: showing off because just take your foot off and let

537
00:31:52,800 --> 00:31:54,959
Speaker 1: the idol take you. Man, that's where. That's where I'm at.

538
00:31:55,000 --> 00:32:00,000
Speaker 1: What would you be? This is arguably the strangest question

539
00:32:00,000 --> 00:32:06,880
Speaker 1: and I've ever been asked. I would say, Okay, that's good. Okay,

540
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:09,840
Speaker 1: it's fast, but it's not super dangerous. I'm not even

541
00:32:09,880 --> 00:32:13,680
Speaker 1: to read into it. I just that's what comes to mind. Okay, gotcha,

542
00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:21,840
Speaker 1: you got one. Uh, let's see. Lisa to Shaa asks us,

543
00:32:21,920 --> 00:32:25,200
Speaker 1: what's our least favorite food? Lisa's a big regular too.

544
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:28,080
Speaker 1: If I read that, I recognize the name here you there?

545
00:32:28,160 --> 00:32:32,920
Speaker 1: What are you going with? Least favorite food would have

546
00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:36,120
Speaker 1: to be Oh, I was just talking to hear me

547
00:32:36,200 --> 00:32:39,000
Speaker 1: about this the other day. It's like one thing I

548
00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:42,560
Speaker 1: really don't like and I can't remember it because I

549
00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:45,479
Speaker 1: generally like everything. What's yours? Let me think about it.

550
00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:49,120
Speaker 1: Probably mushrooms on anything. I'm just not a fan. Yeah,

551
00:32:49,240 --> 00:32:51,160
Speaker 1: I know they say they don't have taste, but then

552
00:32:51,160 --> 00:32:52,720
Speaker 1: I'm always like cold. Then why are you putting it

553
00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:57,480
Speaker 1: in something they can virtually ruin? Um? The pizza? Yeah? Yeah,

554
00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:01,520
Speaker 1: Oh I've got it. Cream cheese cream cheese with stuffed

555
00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:05,800
Speaker 1: in it. Like she's spread a cream cheese ball, cream

556
00:33:05,920 --> 00:33:09,560
Speaker 1: cheese on just about anything. Like if you have a

557
00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:12,880
Speaker 1: plain bagel hot with cream cheese, that's fine, that's just

558
00:33:12,920 --> 00:33:16,000
Speaker 1: a regular and your man. Once you put like a

559
00:33:16,080 --> 00:33:20,040
Speaker 1: garden style cream cheese with something else, yeah, I don't

560
00:33:20,040 --> 00:33:23,600
Speaker 1: like that stuff either, Okay, Matt sailor boxers or briefs.

561
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:27,480
Speaker 1: We've been asked that before. I'm a boxer guy. Katie

562
00:33:27,480 --> 00:33:33,040
Speaker 1: Hart favorite punch line to a joke. Uh, those aren't pillows.

563
00:33:35,120 --> 00:33:38,800
Speaker 1: I don't. I can't say anyone's I know. Uh, you

564
00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:40,640
Speaker 1: got any more on here? Why don't we do like

565
00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:45,120
Speaker 1: two more? Let's see Charlotte Jean asks, how do we

566
00:33:45,240 --> 00:33:48,560
Speaker 1: take our coffee? I take mine black at two? So

567
00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:50,120
Speaker 1: there you go, that's kind of boring. I got a

568
00:33:50,160 --> 00:33:52,360
Speaker 1: lot of hair on the old chest from it, and

569
00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:56,560
Speaker 1: you know, Jason Domini from our friends at Uh, back

570
00:33:56,600 --> 00:34:01,040
Speaker 1: Doorphin Bronson, the amazing coffee makers. Yeah, and roasters, which

571
00:34:01,040 --> 00:34:03,840
Speaker 1: you should not coffee makers roasters, you should support them

572
00:34:03,840 --> 00:34:06,800
Speaker 1: by the way. Um. He says. He gave me a

573
00:34:06,800 --> 00:34:08,719
Speaker 1: personal tour of the thing and a coffee one on

574
00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:12,200
Speaker 1: one and he says, if you drink good coffee and

575
00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:17,160
Speaker 1: it's roasted properly, you don't want sugar. Oh yeah, I

576
00:34:17,200 --> 00:34:19,160
Speaker 1: definitely don't want milk, but you definitely don't want sugar.

577
00:34:19,280 --> 00:34:22,160
Speaker 1: Because he's like, it's really sweet. He's like, coffee beans

578
00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:25,880
Speaker 1: are exceptionally sweet and when you roast it right, um,

579
00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:27,840
Speaker 1: and he called it char bucks, which I thought was

580
00:34:27,880 --> 00:34:30,399
Speaker 1: kind of funny. He said their stuff is just like

581
00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:35,200
Speaker 1: bitter because they char it too much because they get

582
00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:37,719
Speaker 1: beans from all over the place and when they do that,

583
00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:39,640
Speaker 1: they want to make them all taste the same, and

584
00:34:39,680 --> 00:34:42,279
Speaker 1: the way to do that is to over roast. This

585
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:45,759
Speaker 1: is our friend Rob Pointer who's telling us that, like

586
00:34:45,840 --> 00:34:49,040
Speaker 1: there's he goes to a coffee place in l A

587
00:34:49,120 --> 00:34:52,200
Speaker 1: where like they don't even have creamer sugar. I really like,

588
00:34:52,239 --> 00:34:53,920
Speaker 1: they don't even offer it if you want it, like

589
00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:57,120
Speaker 1: they tell you to leave. Awesome. When he made his

590
00:34:57,120 --> 00:35:00,400
Speaker 1: coffee Daday it was great. Yeah. Um, all right, so

591
00:35:00,440 --> 00:35:02,160
Speaker 1: I think that that's good enough for now. We'll hit

592
00:35:02,239 --> 00:35:04,480
Speaker 1: this up on the next one, are we will? Yeah, okay,

593
00:35:04,480 --> 00:35:07,839
Speaker 1: we'll be back people in the meantime. You can contact

594
00:35:07,960 --> 00:35:11,400
Speaker 1: us at s Y s K Podcast on Twitter. You

595
00:35:11,440 --> 00:35:13,920
Speaker 1: can hit us up on Facebook dot com whether we

596
00:35:14,000 --> 00:35:16,920
Speaker 1: have a question out or otherwise at Facebook dot com

597
00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:19,279
Speaker 1: slash stuff you should know, and you can send us

598
00:35:19,280 --> 00:35:19,800
Speaker 1: an email to