WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: How Icebergs Work 0:00:00.640 --> 0:00:03.160 Hi everyone, it's me Josh and for this week's s 0:00:03.279 --> 0:00:08.039 Y s K Selects. It's how Icebergs work. It's a good, 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:11.319 straight ahead stuff you should know based on a grab 0:00:11.400 --> 0:00:15.520 store article, so you know it's quality that anyway, kickback, enjoy. 0:00:15.680 --> 0:00:18.279 Maybe you put on a sweater, a little scarf. Here' 0:00:18.280 --> 0:00:22.120 still some hot coco. Maybe a little those those marshmallows. 0:00:22.720 --> 0:00:25.440 Maybe treat yourself and get the colored marshmallows that are 0:00:25.520 --> 0:00:28.840 like in the shapes of stars and moons and stuff 0:00:29.920 --> 0:00:32.159 that might actually just be lucky charms I'm thinking of 0:00:33.000 --> 0:00:39.720 at any rate, and enjoy this episode. Welcome to Stuff 0:00:39.760 --> 0:00:42.279 you Should Know, a production of Five Heart Radios How 0:00:42.320 --> 0:00:51.200 Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 0:00:51.240 --> 0:00:53.960 There's Charles W Chuck Bryant and that makes this stuff 0:00:53.960 --> 0:00:58.120 you should know. How's it killing everybody? It's a joy stage? Josh, 0:00:58.240 --> 0:01:00.480 Oh yeah, how so? Oh? I don't know. It's just 0:01:00.880 --> 0:01:02.920 it's been a joys day. Don't you think I'm very glad? 0:01:02.960 --> 0:01:04.520 Do you think it's been a joyous day? What do 0:01:04.520 --> 0:01:07.280 you think? You haven't had a computer so you don't care. 0:01:07.600 --> 0:01:10.959 I know my laptop has been apparently too full of 0:01:11.160 --> 0:01:15.120 data to operate whatever that means. Yeah, he's stuffed it 0:01:15.240 --> 0:01:19.720 up with two gigs of shady stuff. It's right. Yeah, 0:01:19.760 --> 0:01:23.000 it's called research, I guess. So every single bit of 0:01:23.040 --> 0:01:29.200 that it was hard facts, buddy. Yeah. And songs. Yeah 0:01:29.280 --> 0:01:33.559 those videos is there? Well, there you go. Videos tend 0:01:33.600 --> 0:01:36.160 to stop stuff up by especially high res ones. Yeah, 0:01:36.240 --> 0:01:38.560 that's probably what it was. I would imagine. So on 0:01:38.720 --> 0:01:41.319 your work computer? No less, Well what am I going 0:01:41.360 --> 0:01:44.240 to do? Carry on two computers? Why where are we 0:01:44.280 --> 0:01:46.760 talking about this? No? I don't know you started it. 0:01:47.160 --> 0:01:52.760 Let's hear the intro. Chuck. Yes, I'm quite sure that. Um, 0:01:52.880 --> 0:01:55.240 you'll think I'm kind of stupid for mentioning probably the 0:01:55.280 --> 0:01:58.680 most famous ship ever to be sunk by an iceberg, 0:01:58.840 --> 0:02:02.920 but humor me. Of course. We all know the wreck 0:02:02.960 --> 0:02:07.360 of the William Carson, which in seven went down off 0:02:07.360 --> 0:02:11.040 the coast of Labrador. Uh. It had a number of 0:02:11.040 --> 0:02:15.480 cars on board, but more importantly a hundred and nine souls, right, 0:02:15.520 --> 0:02:19.560 which is what they call you when you're ap to see. Yeah, 0:02:19.720 --> 0:02:23.080 like a hundred nine souls lost. I never really have 0:02:23.160 --> 0:02:26.880 heard that or paid attention. Really, I thought they would 0:02:26.880 --> 0:02:29.320 say lives lost. They say souls they say souls a lot. 0:02:29.360 --> 0:02:32.080 Are they used to old time? You wise, before Kennedy 0:02:32.120 --> 0:02:34.480 in the separation of church and state. I guess right, yeah, 0:02:34.480 --> 0:02:37.120 I guess now they call them lives before they were souls. 0:02:37.520 --> 0:02:41.200 All souls lost. That's sad. Yeah, it makes it even sadder. 0:02:41.520 --> 0:02:46.320 It's like the Saints crying right under certain circumstances. Um. 0:02:46.360 --> 0:02:49.680 But the luckily a hundred and nine souls were not lost. 0:02:50.000 --> 0:02:52.839 Zero souls were lost on the William Carson. As everybody knows. 0:02:53.400 --> 0:02:57.640 The cars went down though, which is a tragedy for 0:02:57.680 --> 0:03:01.200 the insurance companies covering those cars. But as I said, 0:03:01.240 --> 0:03:03.840 like every school child knows the story of the William Carson. 0:03:03.919 --> 0:03:06.000 Did you know that there were other ships that have 0:03:06.360 --> 0:03:10.360 hit icebergs? I was not aware of any. It's true. 0:03:10.560 --> 0:03:12.720 The Lady of the Lake Okay, yeah, I didn't know 0:03:12.720 --> 0:03:14.800 about that. One went down in the Grand Banks. Didn't 0:03:14.840 --> 0:03:17.640 make a movie about that. Uh no, no, you're thinking 0:03:17.639 --> 0:03:20.760 of ex caliber um. The Lady of the Lake went 0:03:20.800 --> 0:03:22.880 down on the Grand Banks on its way to Quebec 0:03:23.360 --> 0:03:27.880 with seventy people on board. Seventy souls. Seventy souls, um. 0:03:28.160 --> 0:03:33.000 The s s hush should toft hushed. Toft ok yeah, 0:03:33.200 --> 0:03:36.680 um off the coast of Greenland in ninety nine on 0:03:36.760 --> 0:03:38.760 her maiden voyage. Can you believe this? That makes it 0:03:38.880 --> 0:03:42.200 so much worse than it's a maiden voyage? People dead 0:03:42.560 --> 0:03:45.400 all because of icebergs. I mean there's been other ships 0:03:45.440 --> 0:03:49.400 that have hit icebergs, but um, all because a chunk 0:03:49.440 --> 0:03:52.720 of floating ice took out an entire ship. Souls and 0:03:52.720 --> 0:03:55.440 souls and souls were lost. Yeah. You know, we have 0:03:55.480 --> 0:03:57.560 a young fan named Shelley Stein right now that it 0:03:57.640 --> 0:04:01.440 is about to throw her iPod through and there is 0:04:01.480 --> 0:04:03.640 that the person who always wants to hear about that, 0:04:03.760 --> 0:04:06.920 um that other ships thinking, Yeah, she's been begging for 0:04:06.960 --> 0:04:11.280 like two years leading out of the anniversary, that's right. Um. Anyway, 0:04:11.600 --> 0:04:14.400 what's crazy is that all of these ships were lost. 0:04:14.440 --> 0:04:16.960 As a matter of fact, between eighteen eighty two and 0:04:17.080 --> 0:04:21.359 eighteen nine, fourteen passenger liners went down in a place 0:04:21.360 --> 0:04:24.719 called Iceberg Galley. But it was only the last twenty 0:04:24.720 --> 0:04:29.479 five years that we started tracking icebergs. What's even more amazing, though, 0:04:30.120 --> 0:04:32.760 is that we have learned a tremendous amount in those 0:04:32.760 --> 0:04:35.200 twenty five years, and we're still learning and we will 0:04:35.560 --> 0:04:39.440 dispense with the learning forth with. That's right, this was interesting. 0:04:39.600 --> 0:04:42.280 Was this a grapstor? Yeah? Boy, he puts together a 0:04:42.320 --> 0:04:44.280 nice article, didn't he. He He does. He knows what he's doing. 0:04:44.320 --> 0:04:46.839 He's a professional. I never feel uh, I never feel 0:04:46.839 --> 0:04:52.560 bad about about his You feel bad about some of them, Yeah, 0:04:52.640 --> 0:04:56.080 like the ones I write, Like the ones you right, 0:04:56.080 --> 0:04:59.800 they're very adventurous. They were for the Adventure Channel right 0:05:00.279 --> 0:05:03.239 at one point, So chuck um. I think people they're 0:05:03.279 --> 0:05:05.960 sitting there sitting at home thinking right now, like they're 0:05:06.000 --> 0:05:09.120 talking about icebergs and it's just a chunk of floating ice. 0:05:09.360 --> 0:05:12.280 And you're absolutely right, it is just a chunk of 0:05:12.320 --> 0:05:14.760 floating ice, not just a chunk. There's so much more 0:05:14.800 --> 0:05:22.240 to us um for example, iceberg saltwater? Nope, fresh water yep? 0:05:22.800 --> 0:05:27.040 Why well, uh, I learned virtually everything I've ever known 0:05:27.040 --> 0:05:32.000 about icebergs within the past. By the way, uh, it 0:05:32.160 --> 0:05:34.680 is ice um, but it is not sea ice or 0:05:34.720 --> 0:05:36.680 pack ice. Like when you see dead least catch in 0:05:36.720 --> 0:05:40.159 their motoring through that that sea ice. Those those aren't 0:05:40.200 --> 0:05:44.960 little chunks of iceberg. That's saltwater, right, that's frozen seawater. 0:05:45.040 --> 0:05:48.680 Frozen seawater and iceberg was um is a piece of 0:05:48.720 --> 0:05:54.920 a glacier that has busted off or calved, calved, calved 0:05:54.960 --> 0:05:57.599 like having a calf, like giving birth to a cat. 0:05:57.720 --> 0:06:02.720 It's calfing, calving, calving, having Yeah, man, I had it 0:06:02.800 --> 0:06:05.240 until you threw me off. Well saying cal I thought 0:06:05.279 --> 0:06:10.360 it would be calving, calving, caving away from a glacier. 0:06:10.680 --> 0:06:13.760 How many times we just said calving and a glacier. Uh. 0:06:13.839 --> 0:06:18.080 Let's talk about glaciers for a second. Glaciers are packed 0:06:18.120 --> 0:06:21.360 snow basically, well yeah, but I mean they're a little 0:06:21.400 --> 0:06:23.760 more interesting than that. Well, yeah, that's the that's the 0:06:23.800 --> 0:06:27.560 base route though right in certain latitudes, Um, it never 0:06:27.600 --> 0:06:30.440 gets warm enough for snow to fully melt all the 0:06:30.440 --> 0:06:32.520 way in the summertime. So what you have is an 0:06:32.520 --> 0:06:35.600 accumulation of that snow that builds up over and over 0:06:35.640 --> 0:06:39.320 and over again over the centuries, over the eons, as 0:06:39.360 --> 0:06:42.400 old as ten thousand years old. Sometimes yeah, uh, and 0:06:42.440 --> 0:06:47.720 that's a glacier. But glaciers are also additionally interesting in that, um, 0:06:47.839 --> 0:06:52.200 they become so heavy that they over this freezing thaw 0:06:52.320 --> 0:06:56.640 cycle and um, the accumulation of layers that they all 0:06:56.640 --> 0:06:59.560 of the air bubbles are pressed out of them. So 0:06:59.600 --> 0:07:03.440 glaciers are blue, the color of frozen water with no 0:07:03.520 --> 0:07:08.240 air in um. And they also move under the force 0:07:08.240 --> 0:07:12.040 of their own weight. They moved downward, downhill towards sea level, 0:07:12.160 --> 0:07:15.080 because sea levels as downhill as it gets right until 0:07:15.080 --> 0:07:19.239 you hit the sea, that's right. And um. So because 0:07:19.240 --> 0:07:24.040 of this, they are this ultra dense form of ice. Yeah. 0:07:24.240 --> 0:07:28.720 So it slips down, floats out into the sea. Tidal 0:07:28.880 --> 0:07:32.560 motions eventually will cause little cracks and fissures and then 0:07:32.960 --> 0:07:35.800 a piece of the glacier will break off and boom, 0:07:35.840 --> 0:07:39.160 there's ice. That's an iceberg. It's a freshwater piece of 0:07:39.160 --> 0:07:42.800 a glacier. Freshwater glacier chunks, right, and it's freshwater because 0:07:42.800 --> 0:07:45.280 it's made of snow, not seawater. Um. And when you 0:07:45.320 --> 0:07:49.160 said that it floats out into the sea. That's called 0:07:49.560 --> 0:07:54.680 an ice shelf. Um. And up north and northern latitudes, um. 0:07:54.880 --> 0:07:57.720 The biggest ice shelves are found on the western coast 0:07:57.760 --> 0:08:01.760 of Greenland Lizard arc or northern icebergs that are formed 0:08:01.800 --> 0:08:05.200 up there off of those glaciers down south in Antarctica 0:08:05.280 --> 0:08:07.640 where there are penguins. But it's not the only place 0:08:07.680 --> 0:08:10.440 there's penguins. I want to make sure everybody knows, I know, 0:08:10.640 --> 0:08:14.680 and no polar bears. No, only a fool would say that. Yes, Um, 0:08:14.880 --> 0:08:18.520 the the pretty much the continent of Antarctica is ringed 0:08:18.520 --> 0:08:21.080 with ice shelves and there's a lot of open sea, 0:08:21.200 --> 0:08:24.640 so the icebergs can get really big. Yeah, they can 0:08:24.720 --> 0:08:27.320 keep extending extending, extending, But then like you said, yeah, 0:08:27.400 --> 0:08:30.200 they break off and then you have an iceberg. Do 0:08:30.200 --> 0:08:33.040 you wanna talk about ice? Yeah? This is fascinating. Like 0:08:33.080 --> 0:08:35.080 I went over this again and again and again until 0:08:35.120 --> 0:08:37.360 I finally got it, and I feel like I got it. 0:08:37.679 --> 0:08:40.280 Oh it's so easy though I was making a lot 0:08:40.320 --> 0:08:44.600 oft of it. Yeah. Uh, ice, as we all know, 0:08:44.760 --> 0:08:46.920 is the solid phase of water. You have you know, 0:08:47.000 --> 0:08:51.400 liquid solid gas, iis the solid phase thirty two degrees 0:08:51.440 --> 0:08:55.040 fahrenheit for fresh water or zero celsius. Salt water is 0:08:55.080 --> 0:08:59.040 gonna need to be a little bit colder because, um, 0:08:59.080 --> 0:09:02.920 there are basically salt molecules getting in the way of 0:09:03.080 --> 0:09:06.720 the ice forming. Well, they they they move faster I 0:09:06.760 --> 0:09:10.280 believe than water molecules. It takes a lower temperature to 0:09:10.320 --> 0:09:12.840 slow them down. And also it's a greater density if 0:09:12.840 --> 0:09:17.199 you're talking saltwater, right, which is important, very important. But 0:09:17.840 --> 0:09:23.560 ice also is the is peculiar, meaning unique, and that 0:09:23.880 --> 0:09:27.880 it's the only solid phase of any substance. I believe 0:09:28.360 --> 0:09:32.960 that is less dense than the liquid phase. So ice 0:09:33.040 --> 0:09:36.680 is less dense the water, and then seawater is denser 0:09:37.080 --> 0:09:40.640 than fresh water. So well, And it's easy to remember 0:09:40.760 --> 0:09:43.000 that ice is less dense because when you put a 0:09:43.040 --> 0:09:46.360 little ice cube in your little chardonnay this summer, if 0:09:46.400 --> 0:09:51.120 you're a redneck, it'll float. Yeah, because there's little uh, 0:09:51.240 --> 0:09:54.839 ice forms in a crystalline shape, So those that leaves 0:09:54.960 --> 0:09:57.240 area for gaps, I guess, And so what is the 0:09:57.360 --> 0:10:01.360 air in there? Uh? Yeah, I'm sure there's just less dense. 0:10:01.440 --> 0:10:04.440 It's just the it's just it's less dense. Basically, if 0:10:04.440 --> 0:10:06.520 you take water and freeze it, you can think of 0:10:06.559 --> 0:10:09.199 it as spreading out, so it gets bigger, has it 0:10:09.640 --> 0:10:12.280 has a larger volume, but it'll weigh the same as 0:10:12.320 --> 0:10:16.400 that lesser amount of water. Right, And when you put something, 0:10:16.480 --> 0:10:22.160 say ice, in water, it's buoyant, and that the amount 0:10:22.200 --> 0:10:25.640 of water displaces has to equal the weight of the 0:10:25.679 --> 0:10:29.880 ice that's displacing it. But since there's more ice than 0:10:30.440 --> 0:10:34.760 an equal weight of water, there's some leftover that floats 0:10:34.760 --> 0:10:36.560 and that is what we call the tip of the iceberg. 0:10:36.679 --> 0:10:39.840 And when do you get confused, Yes, the tip of 0:10:39.840 --> 0:10:43.040 the iceberg, that is the part that sticks out, and 0:10:43.120 --> 0:10:46.000 it's about, depending on the iceberg, about one six to 0:10:46.080 --> 0:10:50.280 one ninth. And I'm sure everyone's seen those awesome pictures 0:10:50.320 --> 0:10:54.080 on the interwebs of you know, the top of the 0:10:54.080 --> 0:10:57.000 water and under the water of the iceberg. It's pretty cool, right, 0:10:57.160 --> 0:10:59.480 you've seen those. I have. It's very nice. And the 0:10:59.520 --> 0:11:03.800 reason there's vary variation between how much iceberg is showing 0:11:04.679 --> 0:11:07.000 it is because of the variation in the concentration of 0:11:07.200 --> 0:11:12.800 salt in seawater, any particular part of seawater. And and um. Also, uh, 0:11:13.160 --> 0:11:17.160 some icebergs are denser than others, as Morrissey said, just 0:11:17.280 --> 0:11:21.400 like people. Yeah, exactly. Uh. That you mentioned earlier that 0:11:21.440 --> 0:11:24.760 glacial ice is blue. Um. That is true. Um during 0:11:24.800 --> 0:11:27.320 different melting and freezing cycles, though, they will turn white 0:11:27.600 --> 0:11:30.839 because the air gets trapped in there. Um. And then 0:11:30.920 --> 0:11:34.840 sometimes these really old icebergs that have formed at the 0:11:34.880 --> 0:11:38.720 bottom of these thick Antarctic ice shelves like that have 0:11:38.840 --> 0:11:41.520 been around for thousands of years might actually have a 0:11:41.559 --> 0:11:46.480 greenish hue because it's just you know, soaked up organic 0:11:46.520 --> 0:11:50.120 matter under there over the years, right and then so 0:11:50.200 --> 0:11:54.120 which is kind of a dirty yellow brown. But icebergs 0:11:54.120 --> 0:11:57.760 have the tendency to roll over without warning, which is 0:11:57.800 --> 0:11:59.960 one reason why you wouldn't want to camp on an iceberg. 0:12:00.160 --> 0:12:02.040 You know, they're dangerous to be around. They are. And 0:12:02.120 --> 0:12:05.120 actually there was one that floated down to New Zealand 0:12:05.480 --> 0:12:09.880 and some helicopter charters were like selling flights to go 0:12:10.000 --> 0:12:12.040 check them out. One of them landed on the iceberg 0:12:12.080 --> 0:12:15.520 and they realized pretty quickly they shouldn't do that anymore. Um. 0:12:15.559 --> 0:12:17.679 But did they like getting short? Did it? No? They 0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:19.200 made it out okay. But when they got back and 0:12:19.200 --> 0:12:21.720 told people, I'm sure some scientists like, wait, what did 0:12:21.720 --> 0:12:27.120 you just do? Right? Don't ever do that again? Tc um. 0:12:27.240 --> 0:12:30.040 But the iceberg will roll over. And so you've got 0:12:30.080 --> 0:12:34.520 the green part up that's with the light reflecting up 0:12:34.559 --> 0:12:37.240 through the blue part. Then you get this brilliant emerald 0:12:37.320 --> 0:12:41.080 green and that's some old ice right there, Bubby, Bobby, Yes, Bobby, 0:12:41.640 --> 0:13:05.840 I've never said that before. The life cycle of an 0:13:05.840 --> 0:13:08.360 iceberg is pretty interesting too. We mentioned they can be 0:13:08.840 --> 0:13:12.240 as old as ten thousand years before they ever reached 0:13:12.280 --> 0:13:17.880 the ocean, and um, this is like centuries of compression. 0:13:18.440 --> 0:13:21.200 So that's why it's so so dense, that's why it's blue. 0:13:21.840 --> 0:13:24.400 And then once it calves off though and and from 0:13:24.440 --> 0:13:27.120 the glacier, you've got about three to six years on 0:13:27.200 --> 0:13:31.760 average if it's like say, it's up in the Iceberg 0:13:31.800 --> 0:13:35.440 galley and never strays below Parallel, which is apparently where 0:13:35.480 --> 0:13:38.320 the water starts to get a lot warmer. Four Parallel 0:13:38.360 --> 0:13:41.559 goes for Americans through like the tip of Minnesota and 0:13:41.600 --> 0:13:45.360 the upper Peninsula of Michigan. People below that are like, 0:13:45.400 --> 0:13:49.360 it's still pretty cold, yeah, I imagine. Um. So ones 0:13:49.400 --> 0:13:51.679 that stay up there and never come back down can 0:13:51.679 --> 0:13:54.320 float around for like fifty years and just kind of 0:13:54.520 --> 0:13:57.000 melt away slowly and quietly. Right. Ones that make it 0:13:57.080 --> 0:13:59.480 further south, like one made it to Bermuda once, which 0:13:59.520 --> 0:14:03.040 I'm sure was quite a surprise. Um, those go away 0:14:03.040 --> 0:14:05.959 fairly quickly. Uh yeah, And I enjoyed this. Um. One 0:14:06.040 --> 0:14:09.600 account of this expedition, Um, what's the guy's name? Dr 0:14:09.600 --> 0:14:15.679 Gregory Stone witnessed and wrote about in his book Ice Island, um, 0:14:15.760 --> 0:14:18.760 which I believe the largest ones are called ice Island sometimes. 0:14:18.840 --> 0:14:23.600 Yeah right, Um. His quote is in this iceberg basically 0:14:24.280 --> 0:14:27.920 became destabilized, and it sounds like it exploded, yes, like 0:14:28.040 --> 0:14:30.600 right in front of his face. Yeah. Well he said 0:14:30.600 --> 0:14:34.120 that there was an ice debris field across two miles. Yeah, 0:14:34.120 --> 0:14:38.000 and he said it was like shards of crystal shattering. Right. 0:14:38.080 --> 0:14:39.600 But if you think about it, that's what happens when 0:14:39.640 --> 0:14:42.040 you put in ice cuban water. Yeah. You hear that noise, right, 0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:44.560 It's called thermal shock. Yeah, it's pretty cool. And it's 0:14:44.600 --> 0:14:49.280 also because ice is less dense than water. As it's liquefying, 0:14:49.800 --> 0:14:53.200 it shrinks because think about it's contracting and it's pulling 0:14:53.240 --> 0:14:57.120 apart the outer warmer layer from the inner colder layer, 0:14:57.520 --> 0:15:01.040 and this cracks form in the ice cube essentially explodes. 0:15:01.080 --> 0:15:02.880 It sounds like that's the same thing that happened. Yes, 0:15:02.960 --> 0:15:05.040 So when you pour that that twelve year old Scotch 0:15:05.200 --> 0:15:07.480 on top of your single cube of ice, if you're 0:15:07.480 --> 0:15:09.360 into that, I don't know if you should be doing that. 0:15:09.400 --> 0:15:11.240 But okay, I'm not a neat guy. I like my 0:15:11.440 --> 0:15:14.040 I like it a little cold, and and I'm not 0:15:14.200 --> 0:15:18.120 so hardcore with the single malt, so two remove that 0:15:18.160 --> 0:15:20.520 bite just a bit is good for me. You don't, 0:15:20.560 --> 0:15:22.440 so you don't like take it neat through your nose 0:15:22.720 --> 0:15:25.360 and as that the way to do it. Yeah, the 0:15:25.400 --> 0:15:30.480 way you drink it with ice through your mouth. Yeah, 0:15:30.960 --> 0:15:33.640 I know, Scotch pure scoff at me, but scoff away 0:15:33.720 --> 0:15:37.080 or whatever. Just do what you like exactly. Um No, 0:15:37.160 --> 0:15:41.480 it's very supportive. I meant you as like people in general. Okay, 0:15:41.520 --> 0:15:45.600 so that wasn't supportive. Um let's talk about some factoids, 0:15:46.360 --> 0:15:48.320 and this this is to me. The fact of the 0:15:48.320 --> 0:15:52.400 show is that there are actually six official classifications for 0:15:52.480 --> 0:15:55.640 their size, and the first two it sounds like they 0:15:55.640 --> 0:15:58.120 were having a lot to drink when they were had 0:15:58.120 --> 0:16:01.840 the naming party and sobered up, sobered up a bit, 0:16:01.880 --> 0:16:04.200 because the smallest one's about the size of a car, 0:16:04.320 --> 0:16:07.840 maybe a little smaller called growlers. And then the next one, 0:16:07.880 --> 0:16:10.520 maybe about the size of your house, is called a 0:16:10.520 --> 0:16:13.960 burgie bit. I put the emphasoe on a bit like 0:16:14.000 --> 0:16:17.120 a burgie bit, a burgie bit. Either way, it's pretty cute. 0:16:17.440 --> 0:16:19.240 It is very cute. And then they got I guess 0:16:19.280 --> 0:16:21.480 sobered up or got bored or ran out of whiskey, 0:16:21.560 --> 0:16:22.960 and then they said, all right, then the next ones 0:16:22.960 --> 0:16:26.200 are small, medium, large, and very large, which just really 0:16:26.240 --> 0:16:29.760 boring compared to Burgie bit it is, but the very 0:16:29.840 --> 0:16:33.840 large ones are kind of interesting in that they just 0:16:33.920 --> 0:16:36.400 keep going and going. The largest one ever record is 0:16:36.480 --> 0:16:40.200 the B fifteen iceberg. Yeah, broke off of the Ross 0:16:40.280 --> 0:16:43.600 ice shelf down in Antarctica. Apparently it was about the 0:16:43.640 --> 0:16:48.480 size of Jamaica. Yeah. I think it's it's broken apart 0:16:48.520 --> 0:16:50.760 into smaller piece of scents, but I think the original 0:16:51.560 --> 0:16:55.680 um area was about sixty square miles. That's that's a 0:16:55.720 --> 0:16:58.320 big chunk of ice. Yeah. And in order to be 0:16:58.800 --> 0:17:01.120 I mean that's the per limit, Like it can just 0:17:01.680 --> 0:17:04.159 be as big as they're gonna get. There's no like 0:17:04.280 --> 0:17:09.200 cap or anything like that. To call it super extra large. Um. 0:17:09.240 --> 0:17:12.520 But very large you have to be about twenty four 0:17:12.640 --> 0:17:16.160 stories tall and a little longer than two football field 0:17:16.200 --> 0:17:19.640 six seventy if to be classified is very large. Yeah, 0:17:19.960 --> 0:17:22.080 that's that's big man. If you think about that, Yeah, 0:17:22.119 --> 0:17:25.320 it's huge. Um. I'm sorry, it's very large or it's 0:17:25.480 --> 0:17:29.199 huge huge. Um. The other two classifications that icebergs can 0:17:29.240 --> 0:17:32.480 fall in are equally boring as the last four size names. 0:17:32.560 --> 0:17:34.240 They really could have done better than this if you 0:17:34.320 --> 0:17:38.040 ask me. But they're the two shape classifications are tabular 0:17:38.480 --> 0:17:42.960 and non tabular. And tabular is basically just like a well, 0:17:43.000 --> 0:17:47.360 it looks like a table, like a or a tab tablet, 0:17:48.040 --> 0:17:51.639 writing tablet that's back, and it's like tall with steep 0:17:51.640 --> 0:17:54.840 sides and the flat tops like a floating plateau. UM 0:17:55.359 --> 0:17:57.520 and those tend to come off of the ice sheets 0:17:57.560 --> 0:18:00.880 down in the act Antarctic, I believe. Yeah, those are UM. 0:18:00.920 --> 0:18:02.560 I think they have to have a width five times 0:18:02.560 --> 0:18:05.760 greater than their height to be tabular, and then non 0:18:05.800 --> 0:18:11.720 tabular have I think five different classifications. You got blocky, 0:18:11.920 --> 0:18:15.600 flat top steep signs. They sound like Dick Tracy characters. 0:18:15.600 --> 0:18:19.640 They do wedged um flat with a steep surface on 0:18:19.640 --> 0:18:21.840 one side and a gradual slope on another. So it's 0:18:21.840 --> 0:18:25.360 like the high right haircut. Yeah, the gumby the gumby 0:18:26.080 --> 0:18:28.800 the dome which is round and smooth pinnacle, which means 0:18:28.800 --> 0:18:32.040 it has at least one big tall spiral sticking up, 0:18:32.560 --> 0:18:36.520 and then the ones that um deteriorate to where they 0:18:36.520 --> 0:18:39.840 form a big canyon and it looks like two different icebergs, 0:18:39.880 --> 0:18:43.879 but it's really connected. Underneath those are dry docks, so 0:18:43.920 --> 0:18:47.160 that means they have two tips sticking out, but they're 0:18:47.160 --> 0:18:51.720 connected underwater. It's like mind blowing. It's pretty it was. 0:18:51.760 --> 0:18:55.960 It's pretty neat at the very least. So, Um, we've 0:18:56.000 --> 0:19:01.879 got northern icebergs, southern icebergs, um, and there's plenty of 0:19:01.920 --> 0:19:05.800 icebergs like elsewhere, but for the most part, in northern icebergs, 0:19:05.840 --> 0:19:09.360 like we said, form off the western coast of Greenland 0:19:10.119 --> 0:19:14.399 because Greenland apparently I read this that Greenland and Antarctica 0:19:14.440 --> 0:19:18.080 are the only place where, um, there's ice sheets, glacial 0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:22.920 glacial true glacial sheets, glacial sheets. Boy, that's a tough one, 0:19:23.000 --> 0:19:26.280 that was. It surprised me too. I wasn't expecting that. Um. 0:19:26.560 --> 0:19:31.080 And in Greenland there's about twenty glaciers that cav the 0:19:31.119 --> 0:19:34.320 majority of the icebergs. Yeah, that was I thought pretty cool. 0:19:34.520 --> 0:19:38.200 I thought it was cool too. Um, roughly forty thousand 0:19:38.640 --> 0:19:43.920 medium too large uh calv from Greenland glaciers each year, 0:19:44.160 --> 0:19:48.159 is that right? And they are about ten percent as 0:19:48.160 --> 0:19:51.679 strong as concrete, which I thought sounded not super strong, 0:19:51.760 --> 0:19:55.360 but apparently that's like way harder than like your freezer ice. 0:19:55.840 --> 0:19:58.080 Oh yeah, like this ice is different than the ice 0:19:58.119 --> 0:20:00.960 you put in your Scotch, right, which is why when 0:20:01.040 --> 0:20:04.560 icebergs run into one another, it tends to break it 0:20:04.640 --> 0:20:08.840 up into smaller icebergs. They're very much subject to um 0:20:09.000 --> 0:20:14.320 wave motion, uh storms, other icebergs land when they run 0:20:14.320 --> 0:20:16.119 into things, like they break up, and it's one of 0:20:16.119 --> 0:20:20.040 the things that has a big deletrious effect on their lifespan. 0:20:21.359 --> 0:20:23.000 But it's part of the it's part of the iceberg 0:20:23.080 --> 0:20:28.520 life cycle. We're still going with deletrius. Okay, good, um. 0:20:28.680 --> 0:20:31.560 They are pretty slow, but um, to give you an idea, 0:20:31.640 --> 0:20:34.800 like a fast moving iceberg goes about two point two 0:20:34.800 --> 0:20:38.199 miles per hour and that's holland, Oh, I'm glad you 0:20:38.240 --> 0:20:40.919 bring this up because that raises a very important point. 0:20:41.480 --> 0:20:44.240 Because we see the tip of the iceberg, and because 0:20:44.240 --> 0:20:50.360 we're so um anthropocentric um, we assume that when drives icebergs, 0:20:50.400 --> 0:20:53.040 you would be dead wrong. And assuming that since most 0:20:53.080 --> 0:20:56.480 of the iceberg is underwater, it's currents that drive icebergs 0:20:56.800 --> 0:21:00.720 makes sense. Yeah, um. And so that's how icebergs can 0:21:00.760 --> 0:21:03.879 be trapped, like in the Antarctic, because they're trapped in 0:21:03.880 --> 0:21:06.399 that current or up north in the Labrador current, they 0:21:06.480 --> 0:21:10.359 kind of stay trapped up there. Um. But it also 0:21:11.080 --> 0:21:15.080 makes them subject to wave motion currents from other far, 0:21:15.240 --> 0:21:17.840 far off storms, and I guess getting hung up on 0:21:17.880 --> 0:21:21.879 things underwater. Yes as well. It's another good point is um, 0:21:21.920 --> 0:21:25.880 they apparently strike the bottom of land a lot. Yeah, 0:21:25.880 --> 0:21:28.080 and they can like wreck the sea floor, can't they. 0:21:28.680 --> 0:21:30.399 But if you think about it, like there's plenty of 0:21:30.440 --> 0:21:37.479 parts of North America where glacial movement carved geological features 0:21:37.520 --> 0:21:39.680 out of the land, the icebergs do the same thing. 0:21:39.680 --> 0:21:42.560 When they're dragged along by the current. And say, once 0:21:42.600 --> 0:21:47.959 a thousand feet tall underwater and it hits a patch 0:21:48.000 --> 0:21:50.760 of sea that's less than a thousand feet it's gonna 0:21:50.800 --> 0:21:54.040 strike New York City and fast. Go to Central Park 0:21:54.080 --> 0:21:56.280 and look at the rocks there. Oh yeah, yeah, they 0:21:56.359 --> 0:21:59.920 got all those little grooves cut out. That's ice. That's 0:22:00.040 --> 0:22:05.680 ice ice baby. Um No, that was not nice. Uh. 0:22:05.760 --> 0:22:09.080 The ecology this was sort of surprising to me because 0:22:09.160 --> 0:22:12.960 I just figured they're just floating along. Maybe they melt 0:22:13.000 --> 0:22:15.320 a little bit, what's the big whoop? But I didn't 0:22:15.320 --> 0:22:18.880 really consider the fact that it's melting this glacial fresh water, 0:22:19.600 --> 0:22:21.639 a lot of it at times, depending on the size 0:22:21.640 --> 0:22:24.399 of the iceberg, all around in the sea water. And 0:22:24.400 --> 0:22:26.880 that's got to have some sort of ecological effect. Yeah, 0:22:26.960 --> 0:22:30.200 and I couldn't find anything anywhere that said, like, there's 0:22:30.240 --> 0:22:32.480 a lot of life that's adapted to living in fresh 0:22:32.560 --> 0:22:34.680 water even though it's home is sea water, and they 0:22:34.760 --> 0:22:36.840 live around icebergs. I couldn't find anything like that. But 0:22:36.880 --> 0:22:41.040 apparently it has little effect on these animals because icebergs 0:22:41.040 --> 0:22:45.640 are basically like floating time released nutrient capsules. Yeah, it's 0:22:45.640 --> 0:22:48.359 like teeming with life around it, so they must love it, 0:22:48.400 --> 0:22:50.439 these little krill and plankton. It's like a lot of 0:22:50.440 --> 0:22:54.480 small stuff generally. Well, what there's there's a there's a 0:22:54.560 --> 0:22:58.760 definite um. What's that chain called food chain? Yeah, that 0:22:58.920 --> 0:23:02.280 iceberg support um. They bring a lot of iron rich 0:23:02.400 --> 0:23:06.040 nutrients from the land as a gift to the sea, 0:23:06.480 --> 0:23:09.679 and as they melt, they slowly release this stuff. This 0:23:09.800 --> 0:23:14.280 supports um algae. Right, there's a lot of algae that 0:23:14.280 --> 0:23:17.159 that grows on their krill. These little tiny shrimp like 0:23:17.320 --> 0:23:20.160 things eat the algae um, and then all these other 0:23:20.200 --> 0:23:22.480 animals eat the krill, and then the birds prey on 0:23:22.560 --> 0:23:25.080 the other fish that are eating the krill. So this 0:23:25.119 --> 0:23:28.480 whole food chain develops around this iceberg. Yeah, it's pretty cool. 0:23:28.560 --> 0:23:31.360 But even even something that I think they've only recently 0:23:31.400 --> 0:23:34.720 begun to figure out is that icebergs are there is 0:23:34.720 --> 0:23:37.240 a sign of climate change. Like everybody's worried about all 0:23:37.240 --> 0:23:40.000 the icebergs melting in the sea levels rising, and for 0:23:40.119 --> 0:23:43.840 good reason. But they're also figuring out that they also 0:23:44.000 --> 0:23:48.240 aid in carbon sequestration in the ocean. That makes sense. 0:23:48.440 --> 0:23:51.320