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Speaker 1: Hi everyone, it's me Josh and for this week's s

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Speaker 1: Y s K Selects. It's how Icebergs work. It's a good,

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Speaker 1: straight ahead stuff you should know based on a grab

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Speaker 1: store article, so you know it's quality that anyway, kickback, enjoy.

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Speaker 1: Maybe you put on a sweater, a little scarf. Here'

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Speaker 1: still some hot coco. Maybe a little those those marshmallows.

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Speaker 1: Maybe treat yourself and get the colored marshmallows that are

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Speaker 1: like in the shapes of stars and moons and stuff

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Speaker 1: that might actually just be lucky charms I'm thinking of

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Speaker 1: at any rate, and enjoy this episode. Welcome to Stuff

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Speaker 1: you Should Know, a production of Five Heart Radios How

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark.

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Speaker 1: There's Charles W Chuck Bryant and that makes this stuff

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Speaker 1: you should know. How's it killing everybody? It's a joy stage? Josh,

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, how so? Oh? I don't know. It's just

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Speaker 1: it's been a joys day. Don't you think I'm very glad?

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Speaker 1: Do you think it's been a joyous day? What do

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Speaker 1: you think? You haven't had a computer so you don't care.

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Speaker 1: I know my laptop has been apparently too full of

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Speaker 1: data to operate whatever that means. Yeah, he's stuffed it

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Speaker 1: up with two gigs of shady stuff. It's right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's called research, I guess. So every single bit of

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Speaker 1: that it was hard facts, buddy. Yeah. And songs. Yeah

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Speaker 1: those videos is there? Well, there you go. Videos tend

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Speaker 1: to stop stuff up by especially high res ones. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's probably what it was. I would imagine. So on

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Speaker 1: your work computer? No less, Well what am I going

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Speaker 1: to do? Carry on two computers? Why where are we

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Speaker 1: talking about this? No? I don't know you started it.

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Speaker 1: Let's hear the intro. Chuck. Yes, I'm quite sure that. Um,

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Speaker 1: you'll think I'm kind of stupid for mentioning probably the

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Speaker 1: most famous ship ever to be sunk by an iceberg,

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Speaker 1: but humor me. Of course. We all know the wreck

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Speaker 1: of the William Carson, which in seven went down off

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Speaker 1: the coast of Labrador. Uh. It had a number of

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Speaker 1: cars on board, but more importantly a hundred and nine souls, right,

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Speaker 1: which is what they call you when you're ap to see. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like a hundred nine souls lost. I never really have

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Speaker 1: heard that or paid attention. Really, I thought they would

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Speaker 1: say lives lost. They say souls they say souls a lot.

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Speaker 1: Are they used to old time? You wise, before Kennedy

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Speaker 1: in the separation of church and state. I guess right, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I guess now they call them lives before they were souls.

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Speaker 1: All souls lost. That's sad. Yeah, it makes it even sadder.

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Speaker 1: It's like the Saints crying right under certain circumstances. Um.

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Speaker 1: But the luckily a hundred and nine souls were not lost.

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Speaker 1: Zero souls were lost on the William Carson. As everybody knows.

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Speaker 1: The cars went down though, which is a tragedy for

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Speaker 1: the insurance companies covering those cars. But as I said,

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Speaker 1: like every school child knows the story of the William Carson.

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Speaker 1: Did you know that there were other ships that have

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Speaker 1: hit icebergs? I was not aware of any. It's true.

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Speaker 1: The Lady of the Lake Okay, yeah, I didn't know

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Speaker 1: about that. One went down in the Grand Banks. Didn't

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Speaker 1: make a movie about that. Uh no, no, you're thinking

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Speaker 1: of ex caliber um. The Lady of the Lake went

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Speaker 1: down on the Grand Banks on its way to Quebec

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Speaker 1: with seventy people on board. Seventy souls. Seventy souls, um.

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Speaker 1: The s s hush should toft hushed. Toft ok yeah,

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Speaker 1: um off the coast of Greenland in ninety nine on

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Speaker 1: her maiden voyage. Can you believe this? That makes it

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Speaker 1: so much worse than it's a maiden voyage? People dead

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Speaker 1: all because of icebergs. I mean there's been other ships

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Speaker 1: that have hit icebergs, but um, all because a chunk

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Speaker 1: of floating ice took out an entire ship. Souls and

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Speaker 1: souls and souls were lost. Yeah. You know, we have

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Speaker 1: a young fan named Shelley Stein right now that it

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Speaker 1: is about to throw her iPod through and there is

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Speaker 1: that the person who always wants to hear about that,

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Speaker 1: um that other ships thinking, Yeah, she's been begging for

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Speaker 1: like two years leading out of the anniversary, that's right. Um. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: what's crazy is that all of these ships were lost.

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Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, between eighteen eighty two and

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Speaker 1: eighteen nine, fourteen passenger liners went down in a place

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Speaker 1: called Iceberg Galley. But it was only the last twenty

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Speaker 1: five years that we started tracking icebergs. What's even more amazing, though,

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Speaker 1: is that we have learned a tremendous amount in those

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Speaker 1: twenty five years, and we're still learning and we will

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Speaker 1: dispense with the learning forth with. That's right, this was interesting.

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Speaker 1: Was this a grapstor? Yeah? Boy, he puts together a

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Speaker 1: nice article, didn't he. He He does. He knows what he's doing.

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Speaker 1: He's a professional. I never feel uh, I never feel

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Speaker 1: bad about about his You feel bad about some of them, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like the ones I write, Like the ones you right,

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Speaker 1: they're very adventurous. They were for the Adventure Channel right

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Speaker 1: at one point, So chuck um. I think people they're

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Speaker 1: sitting there sitting at home thinking right now, like they're

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Speaker 1: talking about icebergs and it's just a chunk of floating ice.

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Speaker 1: And you're absolutely right, it is just a chunk of

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Speaker 1: floating ice, not just a chunk. There's so much more

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Speaker 1: to us um for example, iceberg saltwater? Nope, fresh water yep?

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Speaker 1: Why well, uh, I learned virtually everything I've ever known

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Speaker 1: about icebergs within the past. By the way, uh, it

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Speaker 1: is ice um, but it is not sea ice or

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Speaker 1: pack ice. Like when you see dead least catch in

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Speaker 1: their motoring through that that sea ice. Those those aren't

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Speaker 1: little chunks of iceberg. That's saltwater, right, that's frozen seawater.

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Speaker 1: Frozen seawater and iceberg was um is a piece of

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Speaker 1: a glacier that has busted off or calved, calved, calved

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Speaker 1: like having a calf, like giving birth to a cat.

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Speaker 1: It's calfing, calving, calving, having Yeah, man, I had it

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Speaker 1: until you threw me off. Well saying cal I thought

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Speaker 1: it would be calving, calving, caving away from a glacier.

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Speaker 1: How many times we just said calving and a glacier. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Let's talk about glaciers for a second. Glaciers are packed

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Speaker 1: snow basically, well yeah, but I mean they're a little

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Speaker 1: more interesting than that. Well, yeah, that's the that's the

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Speaker 1: base route though right in certain latitudes, Um, it never

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Speaker 1: gets warm enough for snow to fully melt all the

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Speaker 1: way in the summertime. So what you have is an

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Speaker 1: accumulation of that snow that builds up over and over

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Speaker 1: and over again over the centuries, over the eons, as

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Speaker 1: old as ten thousand years old. Sometimes yeah, uh, and

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Speaker 1: that's a glacier. But glaciers are also additionally interesting in that, um,

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Speaker 1: they become so heavy that they over this freezing thaw

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Speaker 1: cycle and um, the accumulation of layers that they all

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Speaker 1: of the air bubbles are pressed out of them. So

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Speaker 1: glaciers are blue, the color of frozen water with no

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Speaker 1: air in um. And they also move under the force

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Speaker 1: of their own weight. They moved downward, downhill towards sea level,

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Speaker 1: because sea levels as downhill as it gets right until

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Speaker 1: you hit the sea, that's right. And um. So because

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Speaker 1: of this, they are this ultra dense form of ice. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: So it slips down, floats out into the sea. Tidal

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Speaker 1: motions eventually will cause little cracks and fissures and then

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Speaker 1: a piece of the glacier will break off and boom,

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Speaker 1: there's ice. That's an iceberg. It's a freshwater piece of

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Speaker 1: a glacier. Freshwater glacier chunks, right, and it's freshwater because

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Speaker 1: it's made of snow, not seawater. Um. And when you

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Speaker 1: said that it floats out into the sea. That's called

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Speaker 1: an ice shelf. Um. And up north and northern latitudes, um.

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Speaker 1: The biggest ice shelves are found on the western coast

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Speaker 1: of Greenland Lizard arc or northern icebergs that are formed

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Speaker 1: up there off of those glaciers down south in Antarctica

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Speaker 1: where there are penguins. But it's not the only place

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Speaker 1: there's penguins. I want to make sure everybody knows, I know,

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Speaker 1: and no polar bears. No, only a fool would say that. Yes, Um,

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Speaker 1: the the pretty much the continent of Antarctica is ringed

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Speaker 1: with ice shelves and there's a lot of open sea,

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Speaker 1: so the icebergs can get really big. Yeah, they can

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Speaker 1: keep extending extending, extending, But then like you said, yeah,

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Speaker 1: they break off and then you have an iceberg. Do

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Speaker 1: you wanna talk about ice? Yeah? This is fascinating. Like

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Speaker 1: I went over this again and again and again until

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Speaker 1: I finally got it, and I feel like I got it.

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Speaker 1: Oh it's so easy though I was making a lot

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Speaker 1: oft of it. Yeah. Uh, ice, as we all know,

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Speaker 1: is the solid phase of water. You have you know,

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Speaker 1: liquid solid gas, iis the solid phase thirty two degrees

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Speaker 1: fahrenheit for fresh water or zero celsius. Salt water is

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Speaker 1: gonna need to be a little bit colder because, um,

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Speaker 1: there are basically salt molecules getting in the way of

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Speaker 1: the ice forming. Well, they they they move faster I

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Speaker 1: believe than water molecules. It takes a lower temperature to

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Speaker 1: slow them down. And also it's a greater density if

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Speaker 1: you're talking saltwater, right, which is important, very important. But

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Speaker 1: ice also is the is peculiar, meaning unique, and that

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Speaker 1: it's the only solid phase of any substance. I believe

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Speaker 1: that is less dense than the liquid phase. So ice

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Speaker 1: is less dense the water, and then seawater is denser

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Speaker 1: than fresh water. So well, And it's easy to remember

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Speaker 1: that ice is less dense because when you put a

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Speaker 1: little ice cube in your little chardonnay this summer, if

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Speaker 1: you're a redneck, it'll float. Yeah, because there's little uh,

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Speaker 1: ice forms in a crystalline shape, So those that leaves

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Speaker 1: area for gaps, I guess, And so what is the

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Speaker 1: air in there? Uh? Yeah, I'm sure there's just less dense.

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Speaker 1: It's just the it's just it's less dense. Basically, if

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Speaker 1: you take water and freeze it, you can think of

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Speaker 1: it as spreading out, so it gets bigger, has it

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Speaker 1: has a larger volume, but it'll weigh the same as

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Speaker 1: that lesser amount of water. Right, And when you put something,

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Speaker 1: say ice, in water, it's buoyant, and that the amount

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Speaker 1: of water displaces has to equal the weight of the

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Speaker 1: ice that's displacing it. But since there's more ice than

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Speaker 1: an equal weight of water, there's some leftover that floats

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Speaker 1: and that is what we call the tip of the iceberg.

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Speaker 1: And when do you get confused, Yes, the tip of

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Speaker 1: the iceberg, that is the part that sticks out, and

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Speaker 1: it's about, depending on the iceberg, about one six to

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Speaker 1: one ninth. And I'm sure everyone's seen those awesome pictures

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Speaker 1: on the interwebs of you know, the top of the

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Speaker 1: water and under the water of the iceberg. It's pretty cool, right,

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Speaker 1: you've seen those. I have. It's very nice. And the

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Speaker 1: reason there's vary variation between how much iceberg is showing

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Speaker 1: it is because of the variation in the concentration of

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Speaker 1: salt in seawater, any particular part of seawater. And and um. Also, uh,

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Speaker 1: some icebergs are denser than others, as Morrissey said, just

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Speaker 1: like people. Yeah, exactly. Uh. That you mentioned earlier that

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Speaker 1: glacial ice is blue. Um. That is true. Um during

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Speaker 1: different melting and freezing cycles, though, they will turn white

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Speaker 1: because the air gets trapped in there. Um. And then

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Speaker 1: sometimes these really old icebergs that have formed at the

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Speaker 1: bottom of these thick Antarctic ice shelves like that have

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Speaker 1: been around for thousands of years might actually have a

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Speaker 1: greenish hue because it's just you know, soaked up organic

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Speaker 1: matter under there over the years, right and then so

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Speaker 1: which is kind of a dirty yellow brown. But icebergs

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Speaker 1: have the tendency to roll over without warning, which is

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Speaker 1: one reason why you wouldn't want to camp on an iceberg.

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Speaker 1: You know, they're dangerous to be around. They are. And

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Speaker 1: actually there was one that floated down to New Zealand

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Speaker 1: and some helicopter charters were like selling flights to go

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Speaker 1: check them out. One of them landed on the iceberg

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Speaker 1: and they realized pretty quickly they shouldn't do that anymore. Um.

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Speaker 1: But did they like getting short? Did it? No? They

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Speaker 1: made it out okay. But when they got back and

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Speaker 1: told people, I'm sure some scientists like, wait, what did

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Speaker 1: you just do? Right? Don't ever do that again? Tc um.

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Speaker 1: But the iceberg will roll over. And so you've got

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Speaker 1: the green part up that's with the light reflecting up

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Speaker 1: through the blue part. Then you get this brilliant emerald

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Speaker 1: green and that's some old ice right there, Bubby, Bobby, Yes, Bobby,

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Speaker 1: I've never said that before. The life cycle of an

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Speaker 1: iceberg is pretty interesting too. We mentioned they can be

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Speaker 1: as old as ten thousand years before they ever reached

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Speaker 1: the ocean, and um, this is like centuries of compression.

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Speaker 1: So that's why it's so so dense, that's why it's blue.

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Speaker 1: And then once it calves off though and and from

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Speaker 1: the glacier, you've got about three to six years on

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Speaker 1: average if it's like say, it's up in the Iceberg

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Speaker 1: galley and never strays below Parallel, which is apparently where

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Speaker 1: the water starts to get a lot warmer. Four Parallel

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Speaker 1: goes for Americans through like the tip of Minnesota and

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Speaker 1: the upper Peninsula of Michigan. People below that are like,

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Speaker 1: it's still pretty cold, yeah, I imagine. Um. So ones

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Speaker 1: that stay up there and never come back down can

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Speaker 1: float around for like fifty years and just kind of

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Speaker 1: melt away slowly and quietly. Right. Ones that make it

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Speaker 1: further south, like one made it to Bermuda once, which

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Speaker 1: I'm sure was quite a surprise. Um, those go away

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Speaker 1: fairly quickly. Uh yeah, And I enjoyed this. Um. One

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Speaker 1: account of this expedition, Um, what's the guy's name? Dr

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Speaker 1: Gregory Stone witnessed and wrote about in his book Ice Island, um,

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Speaker 1: which I believe the largest ones are called ice Island sometimes.

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Speaker 1: Yeah right, Um. His quote is in this iceberg basically

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Speaker 1: became destabilized, and it sounds like it exploded, yes, like

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Speaker 1: right in front of his face. Yeah. Well he said

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Speaker 1: that there was an ice debris field across two miles. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and he said it was like shards of crystal shattering. Right.

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Speaker 1: But if you think about it, that's what happens when

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Speaker 1: you put in ice cuban water. Yeah. You hear that noise, right,

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Speaker 1: It's called thermal shock. Yeah, it's pretty cool. And it's

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Speaker 1: also because ice is less dense than water. As it's liquefying,

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Speaker 1: it shrinks because think about it's contracting and it's pulling

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Speaker 1: apart the outer warmer layer from the inner colder layer,

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Speaker 1: and this cracks form in the ice cube essentially explodes.

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Speaker 1: It sounds like that's the same thing that happened. Yes,

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Speaker 1: So when you pour that that twelve year old Scotch

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Speaker 1: on top of your single cube of ice, if you're

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Speaker 1: into that, I don't know if you should be doing that.

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Speaker 1: But okay, I'm not a neat guy. I like my

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Speaker 1: I like it a little cold, and and I'm not

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Speaker 1: so hardcore with the single malt, so two remove that

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Speaker 1: bite just a bit is good for me. You don't,

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Speaker 1: so you don't like take it neat through your nose

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Speaker 1: and as that the way to do it. Yeah, the

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Speaker 1: way you drink it with ice through your mouth. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I know, Scotch pure scoff at me, but scoff away

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Speaker 1: or whatever. Just do what you like exactly. Um No,

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Speaker 1: it's very supportive. I meant you as like people in general. Okay,

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Speaker 1: so that wasn't supportive. Um let's talk about some factoids,

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Speaker 1: and this this is to me. The fact of the

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Speaker 1: show is that there are actually six official classifications for

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Speaker 1: their size, and the first two it sounds like they

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Speaker 1: were having a lot to drink when they were had

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Speaker 1: the naming party and sobered up, sobered up a bit,

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Speaker 1: because the smallest one's about the size of a car,

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Speaker 1: maybe a little smaller called growlers. And then the next one,

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Speaker 1: maybe about the size of your house, is called a

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Speaker 1: burgie bit. I put the emphasoe on a bit like

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Speaker 1: a burgie bit, a burgie bit. Either way, it's pretty cute.

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Speaker 1: It is very cute. And then they got I guess

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Speaker 1: sobered up or got bored or ran out of whiskey,

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Speaker 1: and then they said, all right, then the next ones

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Speaker 1: are small, medium, large, and very large, which just really

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Speaker 1: boring compared to Burgie bit it is, but the very

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Speaker 1: large ones are kind of interesting in that they just

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Speaker 1: keep going and going. The largest one ever record is

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Speaker 1: the B fifteen iceberg. Yeah, broke off of the Ross

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Speaker 1: ice shelf down in Antarctica. Apparently it was about the

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Speaker 1: size of Jamaica. Yeah. I think it's it's broken apart

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Speaker 1: into smaller piece of scents, but I think the original

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Speaker 1: um area was about sixty square miles. That's that's a

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Speaker 1: big chunk of ice. Yeah. And in order to be

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Speaker 1: I mean that's the per limit, Like it can just

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Speaker 1: be as big as they're gonna get. There's no like

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Speaker 1: cap or anything like that. To call it super extra large. Um.

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Speaker 1: But very large you have to be about twenty four

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Speaker 1: stories tall and a little longer than two football field

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Speaker 1: six seventy if to be classified is very large. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's that's big man. If you think about that, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's huge. Um. I'm sorry, it's very large or it's

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Speaker 1: huge huge. Um. The other two classifications that icebergs can

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Speaker 1: fall in are equally boring as the last four size names.

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Speaker 1: They really could have done better than this if you

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Speaker 1: ask me. But they're the two shape classifications are tabular

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Speaker 1: and non tabular. And tabular is basically just like a well,

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Speaker 1: it looks like a table, like a or a tab tablet,

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Speaker 1: writing tablet that's back, and it's like tall with steep

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Speaker 1: sides and the flat tops like a floating plateau. UM

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Speaker 1: and those tend to come off of the ice sheets

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Speaker 1: down in the act Antarctic, I believe. Yeah, those are UM.

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Speaker 1: I think they have to have a width five times

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Speaker 1: greater than their height to be tabular, and then non

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Speaker 1: tabular have I think five different classifications. You got blocky,

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Speaker 1: flat top steep signs. They sound like Dick Tracy characters.

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Speaker 1: They do wedged um flat with a steep surface on

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Speaker 1: one side and a gradual slope on another. So it's

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Speaker 1: like the high right haircut. Yeah, the gumby the gumby

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Speaker 1: the dome which is round and smooth pinnacle, which means

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Speaker 1: it has at least one big tall spiral sticking up,

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Speaker 1: and then the ones that um deteriorate to where they

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Speaker 1: form a big canyon and it looks like two different icebergs,

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Speaker 1: but it's really connected. Underneath those are dry docks, so

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Speaker 1: that means they have two tips sticking out, but they're

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Speaker 1: connected underwater. It's like mind blowing. It's pretty it was.

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Speaker 1: It's pretty neat at the very least. So, Um, we've

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Speaker 1: got northern icebergs, southern icebergs, um, and there's plenty of

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Speaker 1: icebergs like elsewhere, but for the most part, in northern icebergs,

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Speaker 1: like we said, form off the western coast of Greenland

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Speaker 1: because Greenland apparently I read this that Greenland and Antarctica

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Speaker 1: are the only place where, um, there's ice sheets, glacial

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Speaker 1: glacial true glacial sheets, glacial sheets. Boy, that's a tough one,

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Speaker 1: that was. It surprised me too. I wasn't expecting that. Um.

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Speaker 1: And in Greenland there's about twenty glaciers that cav the

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Speaker 1: majority of the icebergs. Yeah, that was I thought pretty cool.

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Speaker 1: I thought it was cool too. Um, roughly forty thousand

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Speaker 1: medium too large uh calv from Greenland glaciers each year,

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Speaker 1: is that right? And they are about ten percent as

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Speaker 1: strong as concrete, which I thought sounded not super strong,

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Speaker 1: but apparently that's like way harder than like your freezer ice.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, like this ice is different than the ice

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Speaker 1: you put in your Scotch, right, which is why when

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00:20:01,040 --> 00:20:04,560
Speaker 1: icebergs run into one another, it tends to break it

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Speaker 1: up into smaller icebergs. They're very much subject to um

337
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Speaker 1: wave motion, uh storms, other icebergs land when they run

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Speaker 1: into things, like they break up, and it's one of

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Speaker 1: the things that has a big deletrious effect on their lifespan.

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Speaker 1: But it's part of the it's part of the iceberg

341
00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:28,520
Speaker 1: life cycle. We're still going with deletrius. Okay, good, um.

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Speaker 1: They are pretty slow, but um, to give you an idea,

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Speaker 1: like a fast moving iceberg goes about two point two

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Speaker 1: miles per hour and that's holland, Oh, I'm glad you

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Speaker 1: bring this up because that raises a very important point.

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Speaker 1: Because we see the tip of the iceberg, and because

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Speaker 1: we're so um anthropocentric um, we assume that when drives icebergs,

348
00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:53,040
Speaker 1: you would be dead wrong. And assuming that since most

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Speaker 1: of the iceberg is underwater, it's currents that drive icebergs

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00:20:56,800 --> 00:21:00,720
Speaker 1: makes sense. Yeah, um. And so that's how icebergs can

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Speaker 1: be trapped, like in the Antarctic, because they're trapped in

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Speaker 1: that current or up north in the Labrador current, they

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Speaker 1: kind of stay trapped up there. Um. But it also

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Speaker 1: makes them subject to wave motion currents from other far,

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Speaker 1: far off storms, and I guess getting hung up on

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Speaker 1: things underwater. Yes as well. It's another good point is um,

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Speaker 1: they apparently strike the bottom of land a lot. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they can like wreck the sea floor, can't they.

359
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Speaker 1: But if you think about it, like there's plenty of

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Speaker 1: parts of North America where glacial movement carved geological features

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Speaker 1: out of the land, the icebergs do the same thing.

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Speaker 1: When they're dragged along by the current. And say, once

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Speaker 1: a thousand feet tall underwater and it hits a patch

364
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Speaker 1: of sea that's less than a thousand feet it's gonna

365
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Speaker 1: strike New York City and fast. Go to Central Park

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Speaker 1: and look at the rocks there. Oh yeah, yeah, they

367
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Speaker 1: got all those little grooves cut out. That's ice. That's

368
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Speaker 1: ice ice baby. Um No, that was not nice. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The ecology this was sort of surprising to me because

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Speaker 1: I just figured they're just floating along. Maybe they melt

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Speaker 1: a little bit, what's the big whoop? But I didn't

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Speaker 1: really consider the fact that it's melting this glacial fresh water,

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Speaker 1: a lot of it at times, depending on the size

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Speaker 1: of the iceberg, all around in the sea water. And

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Speaker 1: that's got to have some sort of ecological effect. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and I couldn't find anything anywhere that said, like, there's

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Speaker 1: a lot of life that's adapted to living in fresh

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Speaker 1: water even though it's home is sea water, and they

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Speaker 1: live around icebergs. I couldn't find anything like that. But

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Speaker 1: apparently it has little effect on these animals because icebergs

381
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Speaker 1: are basically like floating time released nutrient capsules. Yeah, it's

382
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Speaker 1: like teeming with life around it, so they must love it,

383
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Speaker 1: these little krill and plankton. It's like a lot of

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Speaker 1: small stuff generally. Well, what there's there's a there's a

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Speaker 1: definite um. What's that chain called food chain? Yeah, that

386
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Speaker 1: iceberg support um. They bring a lot of iron rich

387
00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:06,040
Speaker 1: nutrients from the land as a gift to the sea,

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00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:09,679
Speaker 1: and as they melt, they slowly release this stuff. This

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Speaker 1: supports um algae. Right, there's a lot of algae that

390
00:23:14,280 --> 00:23:17,159
Speaker 1: that grows on their krill. These little tiny shrimp like

391
00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:20,160
Speaker 1: things eat the algae um, and then all these other

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Speaker 1: animals eat the krill, and then the birds prey on

393
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Speaker 1: the other fish that are eating the krill. So this

394
00:23:25,119 --> 00:23:28,480
Speaker 1: whole food chain develops around this iceberg. Yeah, it's pretty cool.

395
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Speaker 1: But even even something that I think they've only recently

396
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Speaker 1: begun to figure out is that icebergs are there is

397
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Speaker 1: a sign of climate change. Like everybody's worried about all

398
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Speaker 1: the icebergs melting in the sea levels rising, and for

399
00:23:40,119 --> 00:23:43,840
Speaker 1: good reason. But they're also figuring out that they also

400
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:48,240
Speaker 1: aid in carbon sequestration in the ocean. That makes sense.

401
00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:51,320
Speaker 1: So this algae and all this stuff is they're eating

402
00:23:51,320 --> 00:23:54,359
Speaker 1: this iron. There's a transfer of carbon from the land

403
00:23:54,840 --> 00:23:59,080
Speaker 1: to these Uh that this life that eventually will die

404
00:23:59,520 --> 00:24:02,000
Speaker 1: fall down into the bottom of the sea and keep

405
00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:05,800
Speaker 1: the carbon trapped with it. So algae that wouldn't be there, um,

406
00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:09,200
Speaker 1: is soaking up carbon and then being eaten and passed

407
00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:12,280
Speaker 1: along in this undersea food chain. And they found that, um,

408
00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:16,280
Speaker 1: the carbon absorption around in iceberg is twice what it

409
00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:19,480
Speaker 1: is elsewhere because this algae wouldn't be there if it

410
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Speaker 1: weren't for the iceberg. So there it's soaking up the

411
00:24:22,520 --> 00:24:46,199
Speaker 1: CEO too. That's crazy. They also take it away what

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00:24:46,320 --> 00:24:50,159
Speaker 1: icebergs giveth uh and not just boats and chips like

413
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Speaker 1: the Titanic. There I said it okay, Um, they can actually,

414
00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:59,960
Speaker 1: like I said, they can clog up shipping lanes. They

415
00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:03,000
Speaker 1: can in the case of B fifteen, I think it

416
00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:08,960
Speaker 1: actually um had a pretty uh deleterious effect on Emperor Penguins. Yeah,

417
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Speaker 1: in March of the March of the Penguins and they

418
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Speaker 1: so you know what happens in that sad movie. I

419
00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:17,160
Speaker 1: guess what. They have to walk around it. Yeah, and

420
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:20,280
Speaker 1: there's a they really have a tight schedule. When they

421
00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:23,520
Speaker 1: hit an iceberg that's you know, taller than the penguins

422
00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:27,560
Speaker 1: don't fly, remember, and it is really wide. They have

423
00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:30,119
Speaker 1: to go around it. But they should learn to fly. Yeah,

424
00:25:30,200 --> 00:25:34,400
Speaker 1: I would just solve a lot of problems. Um. So yeah,

425
00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:36,440
Speaker 1: it can have negative effects on the little penguins a

426
00:25:36,480 --> 00:25:40,760
Speaker 1: cute little penguins, and um it can rake the c

427
00:25:40,920 --> 00:25:44,159
Speaker 1: floor and just destroy it basically over the course of

428
00:25:44,520 --> 00:25:51,360
Speaker 1: many years. No good, no another cool thing. And this

429
00:25:51,640 --> 00:25:54,040
Speaker 1: I don't know. I couldn't find if they're actually moving

430
00:25:54,080 --> 00:25:58,560
Speaker 1: on this, but the United States Military um called up

431
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:01,760
Speaker 1: the Rand Corporation said, hey, yeah, boy, these things are

432
00:26:02,160 --> 00:26:06,240
Speaker 1: huge chunks of awesome drinking water, totally safe to drink

433
00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:11,720
Speaker 1: because it's from the water. Boy. Yeah, really I never

434
00:26:11,720 --> 00:26:16,119
Speaker 1: saw that all the way through um it uh. They

435
00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:18,280
Speaker 1: they called the Rain Corporation said Hey, can we study

436
00:26:18,280 --> 00:26:20,919
Speaker 1: these things? And how viable is it too? I know

437
00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:23,640
Speaker 1: it sounds crazy, but how viable is it to get

438
00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:26,439
Speaker 1: one of these icebergs over here and provide fresh drinking

439
00:26:26,440 --> 00:26:29,520
Speaker 1: water for people who need it? And it sounds like

440
00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:34,000
Speaker 1: it's not the most ridiculous idea in the world. Um.

441
00:26:34,040 --> 00:26:36,520
Speaker 1: Their study said that a system allowing a ten percent

442
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:40,680
Speaker 1: yield could provide water for five hundred million people at

443
00:26:40,680 --> 00:26:43,680
Speaker 1: a cost of eight dollars per one tho cubic meters,

444
00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:47,000
Speaker 1: which is not too bad. I mean, it's way more

445
00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:49,919
Speaker 1: expensive than it should be, I think, than than we

446
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:54,800
Speaker 1: pay for water now. But our water is artificially cheap. Yeah,

447
00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:58,359
Speaker 1: so as water becomes more expensive, if there's any icebergs left,

448
00:26:58,440 --> 00:27:00,800
Speaker 1: we may want to go do that. And they say,

449
00:27:00,840 --> 00:27:02,880
Speaker 1: I guess they just nudge it through the water closer

450
00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:05,720
Speaker 1: and closer. Um. And this is where it gets a

451
00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:08,919
Speaker 1: little hinky. It says in the article using massive insulating

452
00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:11,119
Speaker 1: sheets to slow the melting. I don't know what that

453
00:27:11,160 --> 00:27:13,400
Speaker 1: looks like, but oh it looks like, um my lar,

454
00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:16,240
Speaker 1: like you used to reflect the sun on your car.

455
00:27:16,320 --> 00:27:20,080
Speaker 1: That's what they would use. It's all it'll take, you know,

456
00:27:20,119 --> 00:27:23,679
Speaker 1: like those um, sun blankets or whatever, just something to

457
00:27:23,720 --> 00:27:27,320
Speaker 1: reflect the sun sunlight radiation. Well, it's also moving into

458
00:27:27,320 --> 00:27:29,480
Speaker 1: warmer water that's not gonna melt it from below, or

459
00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:31,720
Speaker 1: it'll melt it from below for sure, you know. But

460
00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:35,639
Speaker 1: I mean you protect what you can. I guess, I

461
00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:38,560
Speaker 1: guess if you're harvesting icebergs, you're right, they're not the

462
00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:40,399
Speaker 1: They're not the only ones looking at this. Um. I

463
00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:43,520
Speaker 1: ran across an M I T proposal of building a

464
00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:46,639
Speaker 1: pipeline from Alaska, where there's plenty of glaciers that in

465
00:27:46,680 --> 00:27:50,760
Speaker 1: the western US makes sense, but the author concluded it's

466
00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:53,679
Speaker 1: like four and eighty seven billion dollars to build the

467
00:27:53,680 --> 00:27:57,040
Speaker 1: pipeline keep it going, and that just wouldn't be worth it.

468
00:27:57,560 --> 00:28:01,280
Speaker 1: Uh in canals to another Other groups study that and

469
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:03,720
Speaker 1: suggested a canal well and in the United States have

470
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:05,560
Speaker 1: exactly hurting for water. It would be nice that they

471
00:28:05,600 --> 00:28:07,600
Speaker 1: did some of these studies and like pushed it to

472
00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:09,560
Speaker 1: where they don't have fresh water right now at all.

473
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:12,440
Speaker 1: You know. Yeah, it's been a little money for them,

474
00:28:12,840 --> 00:28:17,560
Speaker 1: like life straws O great, Um well, I guess we

475
00:28:17,600 --> 00:28:20,080
Speaker 1: already went over. Well, Iceberg Galley is actually a little

476
00:28:20,080 --> 00:28:23,480
Speaker 1: more interesting. They started studying it. They formed the International

477
00:28:23,560 --> 00:28:27,840
Speaker 1: Ice Patrol. Uh way later than they should have, I guess,

478
00:28:27,880 --> 00:28:29,920
Speaker 1: but they probably didn't have the equipment they needed back

479
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:32,800
Speaker 1: in the day to do what they do now. Um,

480
00:28:32,840 --> 00:28:37,320
Speaker 1: the Coastguard US Coastguard administers it and they worn ships.

481
00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:39,920
Speaker 1: They kind of run it through their little program and say,

482
00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:41,960
Speaker 1: we think this is where it's headed. This is how

483
00:28:41,960 --> 00:28:44,720
Speaker 1: big it is. Uh, if you're in this area, you

484
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:47,040
Speaker 1: might want to watch out for this, for this guy

485
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:49,600
Speaker 1: floating your way. Well, they basically say, like there's ice

486
00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:53,520
Speaker 1: up here, don't go above this these coordinates. It's called

487
00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:58,120
Speaker 1: the Limit of All Known ice. Wow. And they the

488
00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:00,600
Speaker 1: Coast Guard also does some other stuff for the I

489
00:29:00,600 --> 00:29:05,200
Speaker 1: should say the Ice Patrol. Um. They do other things like, um,

490
00:29:05,360 --> 00:29:08,400
Speaker 1: bomb icebergs. Did you find out more about that? No?

491
00:29:08,520 --> 00:29:10,480
Speaker 1: I looked it up on YouTube because I was like,

492
00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 1: surely somebody's video everybody dropping obamba an iceberg. I couldn't

493
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:19,160
Speaker 1: find anything. Plenty of calving stuff. Um. And they also

494
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:22,760
Speaker 1: spray paint them with very bright paint, which it seems

495
00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:24,960
Speaker 1: wrong to me, just so you can see him. Yeah. Yeah,

496
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:28,840
Speaker 1: that's like tagging, uh, like a new car or something. Yeah. Um,

497
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:33,400
Speaker 1: a beautiful new car made by nature. That wasn't good

498
00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:37,080
Speaker 1: analogy or putting like um radio transmitters on them. It

499
00:29:37,240 --> 00:29:39,280
Speaker 1: just makes sense. But then when they start to break up,

500
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:40,920
Speaker 1: it's like, well, there's a little chunk that has the

501
00:29:41,000 --> 00:29:46,600
Speaker 1: radio transmitter three ft big. Yeah, uh so I got

502
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:50,959
Speaker 1: nothing else. I don't either, I've got something else, all right?

503
00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:55,400
Speaker 1: What you got? So it became um, I became interested

504
00:29:55,440 --> 00:30:00,320
Speaker 1: in the idea of this article mentions a nautical mile. Sure,

505
00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:03,000
Speaker 1: we like, why why is there a nautical mile in

506
00:30:03,040 --> 00:30:06,160
Speaker 1: a mile? And I found out why. So a nautical

507
00:30:06,240 --> 00:30:11,120
Speaker 1: mile is um one point one five o eight miles,

508
00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:14,040
Speaker 1: and the reason why is because a nautical mile, when

509
00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:19,240
Speaker 1: going around the equator, takes into account the curvature of

510
00:30:19,240 --> 00:30:24,000
Speaker 1: the Earth. A regular mile UM or called a statute

511
00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:28,040
Speaker 1: mile is what it's called, goes from one point on

512
00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:31,840
Speaker 1: the map to another through a straight line, which means

513
00:30:31,840 --> 00:30:34,520
Speaker 1: that it's not taking into account the curvature of the earth,

514
00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:37,520
Speaker 1: which means that the nautical mile more accurate, is more

515
00:30:37,560 --> 00:30:40,400
Speaker 1: accurate and thus a little longer than the regular mile

516
00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:44,080
Speaker 1: interesting from minute to minute along a degree, So a

517
00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:45,920
Speaker 1: mile is really not a mile. So if you're saying

518
00:30:45,920 --> 00:30:50,080
Speaker 1: on land. No, it's not because it's a it's it's

519
00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:52,920
Speaker 1: it's like if you take the earth cut in half

520
00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:55,000
Speaker 1: of the equator and turn it over. You've got the

521
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:58,640
Speaker 1: two halves and you're looking in the molten center, UM,

522
00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:01,440
Speaker 1: and you divide it into three in sixty degrees, divide

523
00:31:01,480 --> 00:31:03,920
Speaker 1: those degrees in two minutes, and the measure a minute

524
00:31:03,920 --> 00:31:06,040
Speaker 1: to a minute. If you do a straight line, it's

525
00:31:06,080 --> 00:31:07,880
Speaker 1: not as accurate. If you do the curve line, it

526
00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:11,840
Speaker 1: will be accurate. And a kilometer is just way out there.

527
00:31:12,720 --> 00:31:18,040
Speaker 1: In seventeen, the French Academy of Sciences said, okay, we're

528
00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:22,280
Speaker 1: going to designate a kilometers the amount the length the

529
00:31:22,360 --> 00:31:25,480
Speaker 1: distance from the North Pole to the equator through Paris,

530
00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:31,800
Speaker 1: divided by ten thousand. Pretty clever. So there you have it, UM,

531
00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:36,840
Speaker 1: nautical miles. I love it, Thanks man, I really uh

532
00:31:37,240 --> 00:31:39,080
Speaker 1: went all out on this one, you asked me. I

533
00:31:39,120 --> 00:31:42,000
Speaker 1: think so too. Kudos, sir um. If you want to

534
00:31:42,080 --> 00:31:45,360
Speaker 1: learn more about icebergs, you can type in that word

535
00:31:45,640 --> 00:31:49,120
Speaker 1: I ce E b r g s in the search

536
00:31:49,160 --> 00:31:51,080
Speaker 1: bars how stuff works dot com. I'll bring up this

537
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:54,640
Speaker 1: fine fine article by A Grabanowski. Um, And I said,

538
00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:57,160
Speaker 1: search bar, how stuff works which means it's time for

539
00:31:57,240 --> 00:32:04,400
Speaker 1: listener mail. Josh, I'm gonna call this one, um. Good

540
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:11,880
Speaker 1: email from a Chicago, Chicago guy. That's a terrible Just yesterday, guys,

541
00:32:11,880 --> 00:32:16,360
Speaker 1: I was finished reading a book Robin Dunbar wrote called Grooming,

542
00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:19,360
Speaker 1: Gossip and the Evolution of Language. Her argument is that

543
00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:22,920
Speaker 1: language evolved out of a need to keep up social

544
00:32:22,960 --> 00:32:26,200
Speaker 1: relationships with group members put in its most basic form.

545
00:32:26,280 --> 00:32:29,520
Speaker 1: Over time, our brains evolved to be larger, which made

546
00:32:29,520 --> 00:32:33,000
Speaker 1: our average group size increase. At the same time, Once

547
00:32:33,040 --> 00:32:36,680
Speaker 1: our group size became large enough, today our average group

548
00:32:36,680 --> 00:32:39,640
Speaker 1: size is about one. We didn't have enough time in

549
00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:43,160
Speaker 1: the day to groom one on one with that many

550
00:32:43,200 --> 00:32:46,360
Speaker 1: group members to keep up our social bonds with them,

551
00:32:46,400 --> 00:32:49,280
Speaker 1: So we evolved language so we could use language as

552
00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:51,920
Speaker 1: a way to verbally groom with more members at a

553
00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:55,360
Speaker 1: time to keep the group strong. That's interesting. It was

554
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,120
Speaker 1: my understanding that our brains have actually decreased in size,

555
00:32:58,160 --> 00:33:02,280
Speaker 1: so we last like twenty years really because of group

556
00:33:03,080 --> 00:33:05,880
Speaker 1: group size, because it's increased and we have to rely

557
00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:08,560
Speaker 1: less on our like instincts and run from thunder and

558
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:12,240
Speaker 1: stuff like that. I smell a cage match. Um. Another

559
00:33:12,320 --> 00:33:15,800
Speaker 1: interesting experiment I read about is this to Scientists were

560
00:33:15,800 --> 00:33:20,640
Speaker 1: studying vervet monkeys in their natural habitat. They started recording

561
00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:24,120
Speaker 1: the sounds of the vervets um and make notes about

562
00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:26,800
Speaker 1: what they were doing when they made the noise. After

563
00:33:26,840 --> 00:33:29,680
Speaker 1: examining a large sample of noises, they found a correlation

564
00:33:29,720 --> 00:33:31,800
Speaker 1: between the sound they made and what was happening when

565
00:33:31,800 --> 00:33:33,840
Speaker 1: they made it. I believe the noises were difficult to

566
00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:36,760
Speaker 1: distinguish by the naked human ear, but the pattern was

567
00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:39,760
Speaker 1: obvious when they compared large numbers of them together. The

568
00:33:39,880 --> 00:33:43,120
Speaker 1: vervets made a different noise for when an air predator

569
00:33:43,240 --> 00:33:46,360
Speaker 1: was spotted, when a ground predator was spotted, when approaching

570
00:33:46,360 --> 00:33:50,360
Speaker 1: a dominant male, etcetera. It's not quite language where it

571
00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,400
Speaker 1: like syntax, but it's still more advanced than I thought

572
00:33:53,480 --> 00:33:57,440
Speaker 1: they were. Um, and that's pretty much it. Hope it

573
00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:00,760
Speaker 1: wasn't too dense, but if it was, that has revenge

574
00:34:00,800 --> 00:34:05,360
Speaker 1: for the Sun podcast as a listener right there. That's right,

575
00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:09,120
Speaker 1: And that is from Matt Schunk from Chicago. Thanks Matt

576
00:34:09,520 --> 00:34:15,560
Speaker 1: SHUNKA go bearts, Yeah, seriously, go beart. Um. I guess

577
00:34:15,600 --> 00:34:17,680
Speaker 1: I always like to hear about new books that I

578
00:34:17,719 --> 00:34:21,880
Speaker 1: should be reading. O, sure like we have any time

579
00:34:21,920 --> 00:34:24,960
Speaker 1: for that anymore? Did you hear that that was a limit?

580
00:34:25,440 --> 00:34:29,560
Speaker 1: It was, um send us your book recommendation, suckers. You

581
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:32,080
Speaker 1: can turn it. You can turn it into U S

582
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:35,600
Speaker 1: Y s K podcast on Twitter. Uh, you could send

583
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:38,080
Speaker 1: it to Facebook dot com slash Stuff you Should Know.

584
00:34:38,640 --> 00:34:41,279
Speaker 1: Don't send it I guess you posted on that um.

585
00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:44,120
Speaker 1: Or you can send us an email, good old fashioned

586
00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:47,480
Speaker 1: electronic mail, Wrap it up spanking on the bottom, and

587
00:34:47,560 --> 00:34:54,360
Speaker 1: send it off to stuff podcast How Stuff Works dot com.

588
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:56,600
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeart Radios.

589
00:34:56,600 --> 00:34:59,160
Speaker 1: How Stuff Works from more podcasts for my Heart Radio

590
00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:01,920
Speaker 1: because at the iHeart radi Apple podcasts are wherever you

591
00:35:01,960 --> 00:35:08,400
Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows. Mhm