WEBVTT - Keeping Time 0:00:01.040 --> 0:00:04.000 Hey, everybody, just want to give a quick tour update 0:00:04.080 --> 0:00:06.800 because we have three shows coming up very very soon 0:00:06.880 --> 0:00:08.360 with plenty of great seats available. 0:00:08.600 --> 0:00:11.600 Yeah. On January twenty seventh, twenty eighth, and twenty ninth, 0:00:11.640 --> 0:00:14.760 we're going to be in your town's Denver, Seattle, and 0:00:14.840 --> 0:00:18.720 San Francisco, and tickets are still available. You can go 0:00:18.760 --> 0:00:21.560 to stuff youshould Know dot com, click on the on 0:00:21.760 --> 0:00:24.919 tour button and you can click on get tickets and 0:00:24.960 --> 0:00:27.159 it will take you to go get tickets and we 0:00:27.240 --> 0:00:28.280 hope to see you guys soon. 0:00:28.640 --> 0:00:31.440 That's right. Denver, you're doing great. Seattle, we love you guys. 0:00:31.480 --> 0:00:34.720 San Francisco, we love you guys. So come on out 0:00:34.720 --> 0:00:35.800 and see us. How about that. 0:00:36.400 --> 0:00:38.480 Yeah, we'll see you guys very soon. 0:00:42.600 --> 0:00:50.360 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:52.200 --> 0:00:54.720 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh and there's 0:00:54.960 --> 0:00:58.200 Chuck and Jerry's here too, and we're just hanging out 0:00:58.560 --> 0:01:01.800 and we decided, Hey, do some talking about time keeping, 0:01:02.120 --> 0:01:03.440 so that's what we're doing today. 0:01:05.120 --> 0:01:08.000 Yeah. Olivia helped us put this one together. I think 0:01:08.040 --> 0:01:11.480 the charge was, Hey, how about something on the history 0:01:11.480 --> 0:01:14.280 of time keeping? Mm hm without getting two in the 0:01:14.319 --> 0:01:19.520 weeds about how all of these things work, because that's 0:01:19.720 --> 0:01:21.560 a whole other thing, like if you want to really 0:01:21.560 --> 0:01:23.920 break down clocks and watches. But I think she did 0:01:23.920 --> 0:01:26.320 it just right. The Goldilock zone, as they say. 0:01:26.360 --> 0:01:30.480 Oh nice, nice astronomical cosmological reference there. 0:01:31.480 --> 0:01:33.319 Well, I think that is a reference for a lot 0:01:33.319 --> 0:01:35.800 of things, right, Nope, that Okay. 0:01:37.560 --> 0:01:39.440 Where'd you get this idea? Because this was when you 0:01:39.480 --> 0:01:40.039 came up with. 0:01:41.280 --> 0:01:43.120 You know, man, I don't know. I think I was 0:01:43.520 --> 0:01:47.320 maybe thinking about a watch on my wrist and then 0:01:47.440 --> 0:01:52.120 wondering or no, maybe I saw someone had a what 0:01:52.160 --> 0:01:56.240 do you call those things that call it hourglass, and 0:01:56.320 --> 0:01:58.960 I was wondering about just hourglasses, and then I started 0:01:58.960 --> 0:02:01.640 thinking about like just you know, the concept of time 0:02:01.680 --> 0:02:05.160 and when people started keeping time, and I was kind 0:02:05.160 --> 0:02:07.640 of had a hunch and I was right that, you know, 0:02:08.720 --> 0:02:11.200 the need to keep time didn't come around til much later. 0:02:11.320 --> 0:02:13.960 So like as we'll see, early timekeeping was more like 0:02:14.600 --> 0:02:20.040 seasonal or astrological, and it didn't get to be a 0:02:20.080 --> 0:02:22.640 thing like hey, I have an appointment at a certain 0:02:22.680 --> 0:02:24.040 minute until much much later. 0:02:24.160 --> 0:02:27.399 Yeah, but earlier than you'd think, or earlier than I thought. 0:02:27.200 --> 0:02:29.000 At least yeah, agreed. 0:02:29.480 --> 0:02:33.119 So speaking of timekeeping, you really can kind of say 0:02:33.120 --> 0:02:35.600 the whole thing just started out with the sun. And 0:02:35.600 --> 0:02:37.800 one of the neat things about life on Earth is 0:02:37.800 --> 0:02:42.160 that you can cast a shadow. Most things cast a shadow, 0:02:42.840 --> 0:02:45.760 with the exception of maybe like amba or something like that. 0:02:46.480 --> 0:02:48.480 But if you put like a stick in the ground, 0:02:49.600 --> 0:02:52.400 it's going to cast shadows that move throughout the day. 0:02:53.200 --> 0:02:55.720 And if you really pay attention to this kind of stuff, 0:02:55.760 --> 0:02:58.680 you can actually use it to track time throughout the day. 0:02:59.360 --> 0:03:03.160 And that is almost certainly the earliest way that humans 0:03:03.200 --> 0:03:05.919 track time. And the stick they put in the ground 0:03:06.000 --> 0:03:10.760 is widely known as anomon g nom n. I think 0:03:10.800 --> 0:03:14.360 it means rod in Greek. Maybe I also saw that 0:03:14.440 --> 0:03:17.720 it was slang in Greek for penis. No really, yeah, 0:03:18.240 --> 0:03:21.720 and that just. 0:03:20.880 --> 0:03:24.680 Just just like, hey, to check out the gnomon on 0:03:24.720 --> 0:03:25.000 that guy. 0:03:25.160 --> 0:03:28.800 Yeah, almost exactly. If not that, but just said an 0:03:28.880 --> 0:03:33.040 ancient Greek Oh okay, got cha hellenic. Yeah, but just 0:03:33.680 --> 0:03:37.080 tracking the shadow that the gnomon cast, hopefully just a 0:03:37.120 --> 0:03:41.320 stick in the ground. Yeah, that's that was early timekeeping. 0:03:42.320 --> 0:03:44.760 Oh man, I have a thousand jokes. I'm just gonna 0:03:44.840 --> 0:03:47.160 walk right past at this point. 0:03:47.440 --> 0:03:48.880 Good for you. Buddy, you're a pro. 0:03:49.400 --> 0:03:53.360 I know growing up here it's fifty four. So that was, yeah, 0:03:53.440 --> 0:03:56.000 that's what people use for the longest time, and that eventually, 0:03:56.040 --> 0:03:58.240 as we'll see, would carry over to things like sundials. 0:03:58.280 --> 0:04:02.960 But it's no surprise that China was way ahead of 0:04:02.960 --> 0:04:05.680 the game as far as timekeeping goes, because the oldest 0:04:05.680 --> 0:04:09.600 surviving sort of actual thing that we have comes from 0:04:09.760 --> 0:04:13.840 northern China, from an archaeological site that they found dated 0:04:13.840 --> 0:04:17.640 back to twenty three hundred BC. And again, as you'll see, 0:04:17.640 --> 0:04:19.640 this is a recurring theme. Like I mentioned, it wasn't 0:04:19.720 --> 0:04:22.200 necessarily like hey, we got to keep the time from 0:04:22.279 --> 0:04:25.840 day to day. It's more like, let's calculate the seasons 0:04:26.400 --> 0:04:29.039 or you know, the things happening up in the sky. 0:04:29.440 --> 0:04:32.240 Right, because it was snowing in the middle of China 0:04:32.240 --> 0:04:35.240 and somebody said what season is it, and somebody else said, 0:04:35.279 --> 0:04:38.360 let's find out what this nomon And the other person's like, no, 0:04:38.360 --> 0:04:39.760 don't pull that out, and they're like no, I mean 0:04:39.800 --> 0:04:40.480 the stick. 0:04:40.720 --> 0:04:44.839 Right, They said, you can get canceled for that, right. 0:04:45.600 --> 0:04:47.560 So if you're like, well that sounds a lot like 0:04:47.680 --> 0:04:51.640 a sun dial, you're right. The thing that sticks up 0:04:51.680 --> 0:04:54.120 for the sun dial is a no mon. There's another 0:04:54.240 --> 0:04:56.599 version of it that's even earlier than the sun dial, 0:04:56.640 --> 0:05:00.240 it seems from ancient Egypt, called the shadow clock. Yeah, 0:05:00.240 --> 0:05:03.240 it's actually really hard to describe. It's much easier to 0:05:03.279 --> 0:05:06.679 just go look up. But imagine a capital t laying 0:05:06.720 --> 0:05:09.640 flat on its back on the ground and it's raised 0:05:09.680 --> 0:05:11.880 its head and neck up to look at its feet. 0:05:12.640 --> 0:05:15.320 That's essentially that's kind of perfect. Actually, thank you. 0:05:15.960 --> 0:05:17.599 I really thought about that one for a while. I 0:05:17.640 --> 0:05:20.880 have to admit. But the shadow that that crossbar the 0:05:20.880 --> 0:05:23.240 top of the tea casts on the rest of the 0:05:23.279 --> 0:05:27.679 tea over the day is demarcated, so you can track 0:05:28.120 --> 0:05:30.479 six hours a day as the sun is rising in 0:05:30.520 --> 0:05:32.880 the east, and then you turn it around at noon 0:05:32.920 --> 0:05:35.200 and then you track the next six hours of the 0:05:35.240 --> 0:05:39.040 sun is setting in the west. Pretty spectacular considering that's 0:05:39.640 --> 0:05:42.440 close to three thousand years old. 0:05:43.320 --> 0:05:46.680 Yeah, for sure for that descriptor to help you that 0:05:46.800 --> 0:05:50.040 you were laying flat on your back with your neck 0:05:50.120 --> 0:05:51.160 raised up looking at your feet. 0:05:51.279 --> 0:05:55.400 Yeah, sadly, I have to admit that I had to 0:05:55.400 --> 0:05:58.400 go lay down and figure it out myself. Okay, that's good, 0:05:58.440 --> 0:05:59.400 but yes I was. 0:05:59.600 --> 0:06:03.520 Yeah, nice work. Finally to the sun dial. The first 0:06:03.600 --> 0:06:05.560 round sun dial that we kind of know as a 0:06:05.560 --> 0:06:08.760 sun dial seems like it was created by a Greek 0:06:08.800 --> 0:06:13.839 philosopher name annex Mander, very cool name, not Alexander, but 0:06:13.880 --> 0:06:19.760 Annexmander of Malaitis. This was sixth century BC, but again 0:06:19.880 --> 0:06:24.080 probably still tracking seasons at this point. The first sun 0:06:24.160 --> 0:06:26.840 dials out of Greece that actually marked hours, like when 0:06:26.839 --> 0:06:30.400 people started keeping track of the hourly time, and as 0:06:30.440 --> 0:06:32.200 we'll see it, you know, it just gets more specific 0:06:32.320 --> 0:06:34.800 until be eventually much later we'll get to minutes. But 0:06:35.240 --> 0:06:38.320 the hourly timekeeping started in three point fifty BCE. 0:06:39.279 --> 0:06:42.760 Yeah, and then very quickly after that, around two to 0:06:42.800 --> 0:06:46.039 eighty BCE, they came up with the Hemi cycle, which 0:06:46.120 --> 0:06:49.800 is imagine like a cube block of stone with a 0:06:49.839 --> 0:06:52.840 basin a bowl carved out of the middle, and then 0:06:52.880 --> 0:06:56.200 they managed to cut it perfectly in half so that 0:06:56.240 --> 0:06:58.760 you just have half of a bowl. That's a Hemi cycle, 0:06:58.800 --> 0:07:00.719 Because it turns out all you need is half a 0:07:00.720 --> 0:07:02.960 ball to make a sun dial like that. And I 0:07:03.000 --> 0:07:05.240 really do wonder if somebody built them like that, like 0:07:05.279 --> 0:07:07.800 they'd make the one, split it in two and then 0:07:07.800 --> 0:07:10.880 all of a sudden they had two hemicycles to sell. 0:07:10.960 --> 0:07:14.080 I bet you're getting really good at describing things at 0:07:14.080 --> 0:07:15.240 this juncture in your career. 0:07:15.800 --> 0:07:18.120 It took me long enough for almost two year eighteen. 0:07:19.200 --> 0:07:23.000 It is. It's dismaying to try to explain something and 0:07:23.080 --> 0:07:26.320 just make it even more confusing than it was initially. 0:07:26.600 --> 0:07:28.920 I finally got dismayed enough that I decided to do 0:07:28.960 --> 0:07:31.280 something about it. And what I did was lay down 0:07:31.360 --> 0:07:32.480 naked and think it over. 0:07:34.280 --> 0:07:37.200 By the way, quick correction because a listener just wrote 0:07:37.200 --> 0:07:40.520 in about this, we're about to be at your nineteen 0:07:40.600 --> 0:07:44.720 and completed your eighteen technically no really, yeah, because you're 0:07:44.800 --> 0:07:48.680 nineteen and you're twenty are the are you know the 0:07:49.040 --> 0:07:52.800 two next years? Does that make sense? 0:07:52.880 --> 0:07:55.880 It does, But I feel like it's wrong because started 0:07:55.920 --> 0:07:58.400 in April two thousand and eight and going to April 0:07:58.440 --> 0:08:05.760 of twenty twenty six, eighteen years completed. I see, yeah, 0:08:05.800 --> 0:08:08.280 I should have known right when somebody busted out mathis 0:08:08.320 --> 0:08:09.480 it's just been like, yeah, that's right. 0:08:11.960 --> 0:08:15.440 The cool thing about the Hemi cycle, besides the fact 0:08:15.440 --> 0:08:17.440 that people back then probably said, is that thing a 0:08:17.440 --> 0:08:20.880 hemi when they walked by, you know, it couldn't resist 0:08:20.880 --> 0:08:23.720 that one. But they knew at that point it was 0:08:23.720 --> 0:08:26.840 a pretty smart thing that the sun's position changes over 0:08:26.880 --> 0:08:28.720 the course of the year, over the course of those seasons, 0:08:29.080 --> 0:08:31.440 obviously shorter winter hours, which we're going to get to, 0:08:32.480 --> 0:08:35.679 but they accounted for that. They had sun dials that 0:08:35.720 --> 0:08:38.679 would show the time using multiple arcs carved into the 0:08:38.720 --> 0:08:42.120 hemisphere to account for that sun changing over the course 0:08:42.160 --> 0:08:42.520 of the year. 0:08:42.600 --> 0:08:44.880 Yeah, So like the lines of the hours went up 0:08:45.000 --> 0:08:49.280 like longitude, and then the seasons were like latitude, and 0:08:49.320 --> 0:08:51.920 I guess just depending on how high up or how 0:08:52.679 --> 0:08:55.280 shallow the shadows where you could tell what season it 0:08:55.400 --> 0:08:57.760 was because it was within one of those arcs, or 0:08:57.760 --> 0:08:59.040 two of those arcs, or three or four. 0:08:59.440 --> 0:09:03.040 Right, Yeah, and you know I mentioned the seasonal hours 0:09:03.760 --> 0:09:07.559 when Greek sun dials started dividing daytime into twelve equal parts. 0:09:08.559 --> 0:09:11.680 Obviously not hours, because we eventually ended up at twenty 0:09:11.679 --> 0:09:13.720 four like not hours as we know it. But they 0:09:13.760 --> 0:09:15.960 would depend on the length of the season, so it's 0:09:16.000 --> 0:09:18.840 not like they accounted for it so they were all uniform. 0:09:18.920 --> 0:09:22.200 It was just like, hey, sometimes during the year, what 0:09:22.280 --> 0:09:24.280 they will one day call an hour is longer than others, 0:09:25.200 --> 0:09:27.520 which would lead to some kind of a cool thing 0:09:27.559 --> 0:09:31.400 where ancient texts in Greece would refer to that like 0:09:31.440 --> 0:09:33.320 a winter hour is something that could be done in 0:09:33.360 --> 0:09:35.079 a shorter amount of time, Like that'll just take you 0:09:35.160 --> 0:09:35.800 a winter hour. 0:09:36.040 --> 0:09:38.800 Yeah, And so this was the ancient Greeks. This lasted 0:09:38.840 --> 0:09:42.880 well into the medieval period. That's how people did hours. 0:09:43.000 --> 0:09:45.199 The hour was longer in the summer, the hour was 0:09:45.240 --> 0:09:48.320 shorter in the winter, and it was essentially their way 0:09:48.360 --> 0:09:51.559 of what we do for daylight savings time by adjusting. 0:09:52.440 --> 0:09:56.400 Yeah, except where just you know, modern humans are way 0:09:56.400 --> 0:09:59.160 too anal to just let it kind of flow like 0:09:59.200 --> 0:10:01.199 that still got to be exact, you. 0:10:01.120 --> 0:10:03.880 Know, right, right, Okay, so you got the sun dial, 0:10:04.080 --> 0:10:06.600 and everybody was like, well, we move around a lot 0:10:06.640 --> 0:10:08.240 and not every place has a sun dial, but I 0:10:08.360 --> 0:10:11.440 always want to know what time it is. And what 0:10:11.520 --> 0:10:14.920 humans do is take a technology and figure out how 0:10:14.960 --> 0:10:17.480 to shrink it down into a portable size. And they 0:10:17.480 --> 0:10:20.640 did that with sun dials too, usually made of bronze, 0:10:21.200 --> 0:10:24.480 and because they were mobile, they would also have settings 0:10:24.480 --> 0:10:28.400 and often instructions on how to adjust it depending on 0:10:28.440 --> 0:10:30.760 where you were in the world. Like some of the 0:10:30.840 --> 0:10:35.440 ancient ones that have been found have like just put 0:10:35.480 --> 0:10:38.800 it to this setting if you're in Constantinople, or put 0:10:38.800 --> 0:10:41.040 it in this setting if you're in Luxer, right, and 0:10:41.080 --> 0:10:42.719 then other ones you kind of have to figure it 0:10:42.760 --> 0:10:45.600 out a little more based on latitude. But they were 0:10:45.720 --> 0:10:50.160 portable and essentially they were like pocket watches but amazing 0:10:50.440 --> 0:10:52.680 bronze spheres sometimes. 0:10:53.440 --> 0:10:56.720 Yeah, So, like once they could do that, they would 0:10:56.960 --> 0:10:59.920 hang it facing the sun so that that little pointer 0:11:00.240 --> 0:11:03.200 I guess it was still called a gnomon at this point, I. 0:11:03.200 --> 0:11:05.160 Would think so. I think some people still call them 0:11:05.200 --> 0:11:07.199 gnomons when they're referring to sun dials. 0:11:07.440 --> 0:11:09.960 Yeah, I think you're right. But they would face the 0:11:10.000 --> 0:11:12.640 sun so that that pointer's shadow would hit the correct hour. 0:11:13.679 --> 0:11:15.360 Later on, they had different types that had like a 0:11:15.360 --> 0:11:18.040 pinhole that let the beam of sunlight come through and 0:11:18.080 --> 0:11:20.400 actually shine a mark on the hour, which was like 0:11:20.559 --> 0:11:21.680 super advanced at the time. 0:11:21.800 --> 0:11:23.840 Yeah, it was like the staff of raw model. 0:11:24.559 --> 0:11:25.160 Oh yeah. 0:11:25.960 --> 0:11:29.439 So there was a big reason that people were keeping 0:11:29.480 --> 0:11:33.840 track of the hours in ancient Rome, especially by the 0:11:33.880 --> 0:11:37.400 time Rome came around. It wasn't necessarily to keep appointments, 0:11:37.440 --> 0:11:39.640 although they certainly had that kind of thing, or to 0:11:39.720 --> 0:11:42.240 keep time on stuff. One of the big things over 0:11:42.280 --> 0:11:45.679 the years in different cultures, it turns out, was they 0:11:45.720 --> 0:11:50.160 needed to time things, especially for something like drawing water. 0:11:50.600 --> 0:11:53.520 Like water was a communal resource and everyone had a 0:11:53.559 --> 0:11:56.720 certain allotment, and they would divvy up those allotments not 0:11:56.760 --> 0:12:00.280 by measuring how much water was taken out, but as 0:12:00.320 --> 0:12:03.319 much water as you can within this you know, before 0:12:03.360 --> 0:12:07.840 this beam of sunlight reaches this little line essentially, right. 0:12:08.440 --> 0:12:08.640 Yeah. 0:12:08.720 --> 0:12:11.720 Yeah, But in Rome they had an extra reason for it, 0:12:11.760 --> 0:12:14.840 and that was because the hours of every single day, 0:12:14.960 --> 0:12:17.600 or the first twelve hours of every single day, because 0:12:17.640 --> 0:12:20.640 it wasn't initially that they were also like, let's track 0:12:20.880 --> 0:12:26.080 the nighttime too. They just tracked from sunrise to sunset typically. Yeah, 0:12:26.160 --> 0:12:30.120 each of those hours was associated with the different astrological sign. 0:12:30.200 --> 0:12:32.640 It was called planetary hours, and it was because so 0:12:32.679 --> 0:12:36.720 you could maximize whoever you were worshiping. So like if 0:12:36.760 --> 0:12:41.800 you were worshiping Seline the moon goddess, you wanted to 0:12:41.840 --> 0:12:44.680 do that three hours after sunrise on Monday, and so 0:12:44.800 --> 0:12:47.440 you would use some sort of time keeping device to 0:12:47.520 --> 0:12:48.280 keep track of that. 0:12:49.240 --> 0:12:51.960 Yeah, And the same, of course is true in Islam. 0:12:52.000 --> 0:12:55.160 Once that became a big thing, the Muslims adopted sun 0:12:55.160 --> 0:12:58.080 dials because they're you know, have to pray and at 0:12:58.120 --> 0:13:00.839 different increments at different times, so it was really to 0:13:00.920 --> 0:13:04.120 kind of keep up with their prayer hours. And they 0:13:04.240 --> 0:13:06.680 are the ones who came up with, like, if you 0:13:06.720 --> 0:13:08.959 have a sun dial in your garden, it's a little thing, 0:13:09.000 --> 0:13:10.880 which we have one of those, about one for Emily 0:13:10.880 --> 0:13:14.079 a few years ago. Cute. That kind of sun dial 0:13:14.320 --> 0:13:17.520 is what the Muslims came up with. The one that's 0:13:17.600 --> 0:13:21.959 got the flat circular base, and that nomon is am 0:13:21.960 --> 0:13:24.520 I saying that right, Yeah, the nomon is parallel to 0:13:24.679 --> 0:13:26.480 the polar axis of the planet Earth. 0:13:26.559 --> 0:13:30.080 Yeah. They also laid trigonometry on the whole thing and 0:13:30.280 --> 0:13:32.439 came up with a bunch of different kinds of sun dials. 0:13:32.440 --> 0:13:35.760 There's one that was conical, and remember the Hemi cycle. 0:13:36.520 --> 0:13:39.320 Imagine taking that and just kind of squishing the bowl 0:13:39.320 --> 0:13:43.600 and adjusting it at an angle. That's what a conical 0:13:43.720 --> 0:13:46.600 sun dial is. They look amazingly cool, So I say, 0:13:46.679 --> 0:13:47.600 look one of those up. 0:13:49.120 --> 0:13:51.160 And then finally I think before we break, we should 0:13:51.240 --> 0:13:56.000 give a shout out to early thirteenth century Moroccan mathematician 0:13:56.960 --> 0:14:01.240 Abou al Hasan al Marakushi, because this is the dude 0:14:01.240 --> 0:14:05.600 that was finally like, you know what uniform hours is 0:14:05.600 --> 0:14:08.319 where it's at, and we should start kind of keeping 0:14:08.800 --> 0:14:11.319 track of this stuff in a uniform way, like actual 0:14:11.440 --> 0:14:15.319 real timekeeping, and that kind of spread out all over 0:14:15.360 --> 0:14:16.000 the world from there. 0:14:16.160 --> 0:14:19.280 Very nice. Yeah, all right, well let's take that break. 0:14:19.320 --> 0:14:20.280 Then it's time. 0:14:20.800 --> 0:14:25.520 All right, we'll be right back up with Joe shoe 0:14:25.600 --> 0:14:27.000 on Chow. 0:14:28.360 --> 0:14:42.760 Stop you shit, okay, Chuck. 0:14:42.800 --> 0:14:44.360 So we're back, and before we move on, I want 0:14:44.400 --> 0:14:46.880 to say that I finally got it. Reggie Watts. 0:14:48.840 --> 0:14:49.720 Did you listen to it? 0:14:49.880 --> 0:14:52.000 Yeah, when I was qaing and I got it, and 0:14:52.040 --> 0:14:53.760 I was like, man, that zuumed right past me. 0:14:54.360 --> 0:14:56.360 Well you were in a thought and I slipped it 0:14:56.360 --> 0:14:57.600 in there very stealthily. 0:14:57.680 --> 0:14:59.840 It was very great. All right, nice little treat for 0:15:00.080 --> 0:15:02.760 we're talking about the National Radio Quiet Zone episode. By 0:15:02.760 --> 0:15:06.720 the way, everybody, that's right, so you got sun dials. 0:15:07.160 --> 0:15:10.440 Next thing that we moved on to is water. A 0:15:10.480 --> 0:15:13.640 bunch of different cultures came up with water clocks. It's 0:15:13.680 --> 0:15:16.480 not clear if again it started in China and moved 0:15:16.520 --> 0:15:21.600 to Greece and then moved to the Muslim countries. Who knows, 0:15:21.680 --> 0:15:24.320 But it's also possible that this that people came up 0:15:24.320 --> 0:15:26.320 with us. There were just so many things available to 0:15:26.400 --> 0:15:29.040 you to use to try to keep track of time, 0:15:29.480 --> 0:15:32.840 and there were really simple water clocks. Water was eventually 0:15:32.960 --> 0:15:36.320 used to run mechanical clocks, but the first ones essentially 0:15:36.360 --> 0:15:41.880 were like almost our glasses made of water. 0:15:43.120 --> 0:15:45.680 Yeah, I mean, essentially, what you're doing is you're either 0:15:46.400 --> 0:15:50.520 keeping track of time by water draining out of something 0:15:50.640 --> 0:15:54.040 that's marked by increments, or filling something up that's marked 0:15:54.080 --> 0:15:54.680 by increments. 0:15:54.720 --> 0:15:57.640 Right, yeah, pretty much. I mean that's essentially it. And 0:15:59.120 --> 0:16:01.680 you could supplement sun dials with these, because on a 0:16:01.680 --> 0:16:04.320 sun dial, if it was really overcast, yeah, you had 0:16:04.360 --> 0:16:07.520 no idea what time it was at night. These things 0:16:07.640 --> 0:16:11.280 worked as well, though really there were two problems with them. 0:16:11.720 --> 0:16:16.040 One was that they would freeze. If it was freezing water, 0:16:16.080 --> 0:16:19.240 clock probably wouldn't work quite as well. And then also 0:16:19.960 --> 0:16:24.360 the viscosity of water can change depending on variables like 0:16:24.440 --> 0:16:28.200 temperature and stuff like that, so they weren't entirely accurate 0:16:28.280 --> 0:16:32.120 or reliable all the time. But they did the trick 0:16:32.440 --> 0:16:35.640 for enough time that people started to improve on them 0:16:35.680 --> 0:16:39.360 and add different kind of engineering principles like floats and 0:16:39.480 --> 0:16:44.560 valves and siphons to regulate water more accurately. 0:16:45.320 --> 0:16:49.160 Yeah, I wonder if there was ever like, sorry, I'm late, 0:16:49.240 --> 0:16:52.200 you know, we had a cold snap. My water clock froze, 0:16:52.960 --> 0:16:54.640 Like you got to move those things inside, buddy. 0:16:54.680 --> 0:16:56.720 I guarantee somebody use that excuse. 0:16:57.200 --> 0:16:59.560 Yeah, for sure. But because of the issues with water 0:16:59.760 --> 0:17:03.280 and temperature and stuff like that, mercury became a pretty 0:17:03.600 --> 0:17:08.040 reliable substitute. This was in tenth century CE, and it 0:17:08.080 --> 0:17:11.760 was a Chinese engineer who figured this out, and that basically, 0:17:11.880 --> 0:17:13.960 you know, solved a lot of the problems because mercury 0:17:14.000 --> 0:17:17.679 wouldn't freeze, it wouldn't have different viscosities at different temperatures, 0:17:17.680 --> 0:17:20.720 and it would ensure that you're on time to that appointment. 0:17:21.040 --> 0:17:24.639 Yeah, and that engineer was Jiang si Jun. 0:17:25.359 --> 0:17:27.480 Nay show off. I was just gonna walk right past that. 0:17:28.000 --> 0:17:31.560 Here's my favorite kind of early Oh me too, is it? Yeah? 0:17:31.760 --> 0:17:34.440 I surprised. Yeah, incense clocks. 0:17:35.440 --> 0:17:38.200 Yeah, and I'm not even into incense anymore. I was 0:17:38.280 --> 0:17:40.040 in college. I think, like most people. 0:17:39.840 --> 0:17:42.240 Are same here. I used to burn some frank incense man. 0:17:43.080 --> 0:17:45.440 Yeah, me too, But I really love this one. This 0:17:45.600 --> 0:17:49.560 existed in China at least since the sixth century CE. 0:17:50.240 --> 0:17:52.840 Also in other parts of Asia and Korea and Japan 0:17:53.320 --> 0:17:57.120 for sure. But it's I love the idea because essentially 0:17:57.160 --> 0:17:59.520 it's it's almost like a fuse, and as we'll see 0:17:59.520 --> 0:18:02.760 it sometimes was a literal fuse, but incense was burned 0:18:02.800 --> 0:18:05.800 and used as a timer, like how quickly does that 0:18:05.840 --> 0:18:07.679 thing burn down and stop burning? 0:18:08.200 --> 0:18:11.320 Yeah. The coolest ones though, were incense clocks that were 0:18:11.560 --> 0:18:14.639 like a box and it was essentially like an intricate 0:18:14.720 --> 0:18:20.240 maze that you would pack with incense and then light it. 0:18:20.320 --> 0:18:23.760 And there were different I guess stencils that you'd put 0:18:23.800 --> 0:18:28.359 on top of the box to create different times. So 0:18:28.520 --> 0:18:30.440 like if you wanted an hour, that was a very 0:18:30.480 --> 0:18:33.320 simple maze. If you wanted the whole night, it was 0:18:33.320 --> 0:18:36.240 a much more intricate maze. And that's another thing I 0:18:36.280 --> 0:18:38.160 would say to look up. There's a lot of stuff 0:18:38.200 --> 0:18:41.199 you should go and look up throughout this episode, and 0:18:41.240 --> 0:18:43.120 incense clocks are definitely one of them. 0:18:43.600 --> 0:18:46.280 Yeah, but I'm glad you saved this one for me 0:18:46.320 --> 0:18:48.119 because I think it's the coolest part about all of 0:18:48.160 --> 0:18:51.080 the incense clock stuff is that they had different sense 0:18:51.600 --> 0:18:53.240 and it just makes sense over the course of a 0:18:53.320 --> 0:18:57.840 night where you could smell the time, so you knew 0:18:57.840 --> 0:18:59.800 when a certain smell came up what time it was, 0:19:00.400 --> 0:19:03.760 which I think is super like ingenious and its simplicity, 0:19:03.800 --> 0:19:06.960 and also like, you know, you know what happens at 0:19:07.000 --> 0:19:11.040 sandal with time, sexiest time. 0:19:11.160 --> 0:19:13.520 Yeah, I've got jokes that I'm keeping it myself. 0:19:13.720 --> 0:19:14.240 Yeah good. 0:19:15.119 --> 0:19:17.560 There are also alarm clocks. You could use the heat 0:19:18.240 --> 0:19:22.720 from an incense stick I guess or whatever to basically 0:19:22.720 --> 0:19:25.359 burn through a thread and drop a bunch of like 0:19:25.440 --> 0:19:28.280 bells or something into a metal dish. That'll wake you 0:19:28.400 --> 0:19:31.680 up for sure every time. And apparently Chinese messengers would 0:19:31.760 --> 0:19:34.440 take incense and light one end and put the other 0:19:34.520 --> 0:19:38.480 in between their toes and wake themselves up like that, 0:19:38.560 --> 0:19:41.880 which is man, just drink a bunch of water. That's 0:19:42.040 --> 0:19:43.879 all you need to do. Don't burn your toes. 0:19:44.160 --> 0:19:47.159 Yeah that's true, but like I said, that's like literally 0:19:47.240 --> 0:19:49.200 lighting a fuse and it like, you know, you get 0:19:49.200 --> 0:19:50.879 the hot foot and you know it's time to get 0:19:50.960 --> 0:19:52.639 up and deliver the mail or whatever. 0:19:52.760 --> 0:19:53.160 That's right. 0:19:53.600 --> 0:19:55.720 We also have candle clocks that came along. This is 0:19:55.760 --> 0:20:01.120 the medieval era. Notably, Alfred the Great supposedly would get 0:20:01.119 --> 0:20:05.400 his day together and time it by six candles. Each 0:20:05.400 --> 0:20:08.200 would burn for about four hours, so six times four 0:20:08.320 --> 0:20:08.840 twenty four. 0:20:09.280 --> 0:20:11.600 Yeah. You could also take say a four hour candle 0:20:11.640 --> 0:20:14.879 and break it, like just mark equal lines across it 0:20:14.960 --> 0:20:19.240 and basically track of time like that too. Then there's astrolabes. 0:20:19.320 --> 0:20:22.320 I'm not even gonna try to really describe an astrolab Yeah, go. 0:20:22.359 --> 0:20:22.959 Look those up. 0:20:23.000 --> 0:20:29.960 They are incredibly intricate mechanically. They were invented by Muslims 0:20:30.000 --> 0:20:33.800 in I think the sixth century CE, so it's just 0:20:33.880 --> 0:20:36.920 amazing that they were able to do this. And astrolabes 0:20:36.960 --> 0:20:40.639 were used at c until the sexton came along about 0:20:40.640 --> 0:20:43.960 a thousand years later. Essentially, that's how effective they were. 0:20:44.000 --> 0:20:46.600 But you could navigate with them, you could survey with them. 0:20:46.760 --> 0:20:48.840 You could also keep time with them because you just 0:20:48.880 --> 0:20:52.439 adjust the astrolabe to mimic the stars or something like that, 0:20:52.520 --> 0:20:55.560 and you can be like, oh, it's two thirty, it's 0:20:55.600 --> 0:20:56.480 Sandalwood time. 0:20:56.840 --> 0:20:59.240 That's right, it's Sandalwood time. Then we finally get to 0:20:59.320 --> 0:21:02.639 the hour glass. Yes, but later than you think, and 0:21:02.960 --> 0:21:05.439 especially and I'm glad Livia dug Deep because she's a 0:21:05.440 --> 0:21:08.320 great researcher. But if you just sort of do cursory 0:21:08.359 --> 0:21:10.520 Internet research. You might find a lot of people saying 0:21:10.520 --> 0:21:14.920 it's ancient Egypt, but that's probably not the case. It's 0:21:14.960 --> 0:21:17.560 actually much later than that, probably the late medieval period 0:21:17.560 --> 0:21:22.359 that hourglasses came along, and actually after the mechanical clock 0:21:22.560 --> 0:21:25.960 that's nuts. The earliest known reference is in Italy in 0:21:26.000 --> 0:21:29.200 thirteen thirty eight. And you think an hourglass is pretty 0:21:29.240 --> 0:21:32.240 easy to make, like, you know, you just blow the 0:21:32.280 --> 0:21:34.200 glass in a certain way and throw the sand in there. 0:21:34.240 --> 0:21:37.680 But sanda spinicky as you know, as far as humidity 0:21:37.680 --> 0:21:40.560 and moisture goes, So you had to get the sand 0:21:40.600 --> 0:21:42.159 in there, you had to seal it up, but you 0:21:42.160 --> 0:21:44.560 couldn't seal it up with any kind of moisture because 0:21:44.560 --> 0:21:47.480 it would clump up. So it's a little trickier to 0:21:47.520 --> 0:21:49.320 make an hourglass than you might imagine. 0:21:49.440 --> 0:21:52.639 Yeah, when it's humid out, the soap opera Days of 0:21:52.640 --> 0:21:56.800 Our Lives never get started, right, It's sad. 0:21:57.880 --> 0:21:59.399 Was that the one you watched in college? 0:21:59.560 --> 0:22:01.880 I think that's what people wrote in and said, yeah, I'm. 0:22:01.800 --> 0:22:02.840 Pretty sure I couldn't remember. 0:22:04.200 --> 0:22:06.840 So one of the other things humans do when they 0:22:06.840 --> 0:22:10.320 have an invention that's popular and widespread, they don't just 0:22:10.359 --> 0:22:13.200 shrink it down to a miniature portable size. They also 0:22:13.440 --> 0:22:17.160 just show off they do whatever they can to make 0:22:17.200 --> 0:22:21.640 it even cooler. And there were a succession of inventors 0:22:21.760 --> 0:22:25.159 in different parts of the world over the years that 0:22:25.280 --> 0:22:28.720 did some really neat stuff with say like water clocks. 0:22:29.240 --> 0:22:32.760 One was a guy named Andre Nkos. He was from 0:22:32.800 --> 0:22:36.320 Macedonia and he built what's called the Tower of Winds 0:22:36.320 --> 0:22:40.200 in Athens. It's this I think hexagon or octagon made 0:22:40.200 --> 0:22:43.720 of marble that's fifteen meters or about forty five feet tall, 0:22:44.400 --> 0:22:47.080 still standing, but when it was in use, it had 0:22:47.119 --> 0:22:51.720 water clocks that had sundials, you could gauge the wind, 0:22:52.160 --> 0:22:55.800 you could tell what was going on celestially. He just 0:22:55.840 --> 0:23:00.919 basically packed every Niedo timekeeping invention that was around at 0:23:00.920 --> 0:23:02.040 the time end of this thing. 0:23:02.800 --> 0:23:04.760 Yeah, and like you said, a lot of people just 0:23:04.800 --> 0:23:08.480 started getting just sort of fancy with it and actually 0:23:08.520 --> 0:23:11.480 just really creative. In eighth century CE, there was a 0:23:11.560 --> 0:23:15.239 Chinese Buddhist monk who along with his colleagues, created a 0:23:15.240 --> 0:23:18.480 clock that was a water powered wheel had a gear system. 0:23:18.560 --> 0:23:21.120 This is when gears really started becoming a huge thing 0:23:21.160 --> 0:23:23.959 in time keeping. Yeah, and it did a single rotation 0:23:24.040 --> 0:23:26.080 every twenty four hours, which you think, like, all right, 0:23:26.160 --> 0:23:30.040 that just sounds sort of regular. But it also had 0:23:30.080 --> 0:23:32.359 like bells chiming on the hour, and I had a 0:23:32.440 --> 0:23:35.680 drumbeat that chimed every quarter hour. So this is when 0:23:35.720 --> 0:23:37.919 like kind of hearing chimes and things to tell you 0:23:37.960 --> 0:23:38.960 what time it was came in. 0:23:39.600 --> 0:23:44.080 It went but in every fifteen that's right. There's a 0:23:44.119 --> 0:23:47.200 guy named Sousung who is very famous for his thirty 0:23:47.240 --> 0:23:49.720 five foot I also saw it described as forty foot 0:23:49.800 --> 0:23:52.840 clock tower. One of the things it did were there 0:23:52.840 --> 0:23:56.479 were mannequins that came out and rang gongs. Yeah, like 0:23:56.520 --> 0:23:58.960 you usually associate this with like maybe some sort of 0:23:59.000 --> 0:24:02.240 cuckoo clock or something like that. This is from the 0:24:02.400 --> 0:24:06.439 eleventh century, so it's pretty impressive that he came up 0:24:06.440 --> 0:24:08.760 with this. And again it was a water clock, like 0:24:08.800 --> 0:24:12.040 this is running on water. And then someone else who 0:24:12.040 --> 0:24:15.959 put water clocks to great use was a just this 0:24:16.080 --> 0:24:21.920 amazing inventor and engineer. His name was Ismael al Jazari. 0:24:22.440 --> 0:24:25.600 He was from Upper Mestamia, and his whole thing was 0:24:25.640 --> 0:24:32.520 not just accurate clock timekeeping, but just essentially delightful little 0:24:32.560 --> 0:24:36.080 add ons that did some cool stuff. He created what's 0:24:36.119 --> 0:24:38.960 called the castle clock. That's pretty neat, but for my money, 0:24:39.280 --> 0:24:43.520 look up the elephant clock. There's a life size replica 0:24:43.640 --> 0:24:46.600 of it at a museum I think in Saudi Arabia, 0:24:47.280 --> 0:24:49.800 and you can see, you know, how it works and 0:24:49.840 --> 0:24:52.680 what it does. But essentially, water just moves from part 0:24:52.720 --> 0:24:55.480 to part. There's a scribe in the middle riding on 0:24:55.520 --> 0:24:57.919 the elephant. There's another person on the front of the 0:24:57.920 --> 0:25:00.360 elephant driving it. There's another guy way up there play 0:25:00.440 --> 0:25:05.600 symbols and stuff. It's just amazing, especially when you learn 0:25:05.680 --> 0:25:08.000 about how every single step works. 0:25:08.040 --> 0:25:10.280 Yeah that thing you sent that to me, that was 0:25:10.359 --> 0:25:14.840 super cool looking. Yeah, very ornate. Now we kind of 0:25:14.840 --> 0:25:16.960 get to the point, shall we break her? Can we 0:25:17.040 --> 0:25:17.440 keep going? 0:25:17.920 --> 0:25:19.760 Yeah, let's take a break, all right. 0:25:19.800 --> 0:25:24.960 We'll be right back up with Joe shoe on cho. 0:25:26.760 --> 0:25:28.240 Stuff is shit. 0:25:40.720 --> 0:25:43.119 All right, So we're back to wrap it up on 0:25:43.200 --> 0:25:48.080 clocks and eventually spoiler watches. But we're at the point 0:25:48.080 --> 0:25:50.879 now where clocks kind of start ticking and we're getting 0:25:50.880 --> 0:25:54.600 closer and closer to keeping track of seconds, although that'll 0:25:54.640 --> 0:25:57.080 be a second till we get to it. But as 0:25:57.119 --> 0:26:02.640 for mechanical clocks, go those water powered Chinese clocks arguably 0:26:02.680 --> 0:26:06.399 were their first mechanical clocks. And again it's one of 0:26:06.440 --> 0:26:08.840 those things where they don't know if people invented these 0:26:09.359 --> 0:26:12.119 in Europe or their Muslim world at the same time, 0:26:12.520 --> 0:26:14.320 or if it kind of spread out from one place 0:26:14.359 --> 0:26:19.240 to another. Another origin story is maybe mechanical clocks came 0:26:19.280 --> 0:26:23.480 from Europe with it. Would it be Gerbert? I think so, 0:26:24.240 --> 0:26:27.919 Gerbert of Arlac, who was a French scholar, but you 0:26:28.000 --> 0:26:32.360 might know him a little better as Pope Sylvester the Second. Oh, okay, 0:26:32.680 --> 0:26:36.040 because he would become pope later on. He developed I 0:26:36.040 --> 0:26:39.919 guess in his pre pope days a mechanical type timekeeping device, 0:26:40.680 --> 0:26:44.560 like truly mechanical in nine ninety six CE. But then 0:26:44.600 --> 0:26:46.640 it took a few hundred years for it to become 0:26:46.840 --> 0:26:48.879 like for mechanical clocks to become a real thing. It 0:26:48.880 --> 0:26:50.159 didn't really catch on, right. 0:26:50.040 --> 0:26:52.439 Which makes some people suspect that that he might not 0:26:52.520 --> 0:26:56.840 have actually done that. Yeah, so what's happened here? I 0:26:56.880 --> 0:27:00.120 guess we've transitioned from tracking the movement of water to 0:27:00.200 --> 0:27:04.200 track time to actually using the kinetic energy in water 0:27:04.720 --> 0:27:08.080 that's say, flowing downhill, to run gears and stuff like that. 0:27:08.200 --> 0:27:13.760 Those are the mechanical time devices that were some of 0:27:13.800 --> 0:27:16.159 the original mechanical It's like the Chinese came up with 0:27:16.200 --> 0:27:19.320 this a very long time ago. When Europe got involved, 0:27:19.600 --> 0:27:24.240 they removed water to run gears and replace them with weights. 0:27:24.280 --> 0:27:27.320 But it's the same principle at work. Like if you 0:27:27.400 --> 0:27:30.560 hold a weight up on a rope and let it 0:27:30.600 --> 0:27:33.480 fall down, gravity's gonna pull it toward the Earth and 0:27:33.840 --> 0:27:37.719 it's releasing kinetic energy. If you can control its descent, 0:27:38.200 --> 0:27:41.040 you can use that to turn gears into keep track 0:27:41.080 --> 0:27:44.200 of time in a very specific way. I mean, it's 0:27:44.240 --> 0:27:47.840 not nearly as accurate as anything we tracked time with today, 0:27:48.240 --> 0:27:51.240 but it was still pretty impressive that they were making 0:27:51.280 --> 0:27:52.840 these in like the thirteenth century. 0:27:53.520 --> 0:27:56.479 Yeah, for sure. There was a monk in twelve seventy 0:27:56.480 --> 0:28:01.639 one named Robertus Anglicus who he talked about there was 0:28:01.680 --> 0:28:05.920 actually a Latin term horologia, which is the Latin term 0:28:05.960 --> 0:28:09.480 for time measuring device, and they were using weights to 0:28:09.560 --> 0:28:12.359 turn wheels like exactly one time over the course of 0:28:12.400 --> 0:28:15.120 one day. And again they would get kind of break 0:28:15.119 --> 0:28:17.640 that down and get more specific as they learn more 0:28:17.640 --> 0:28:20.879 about gears and how the weights work. But you know, 0:28:20.920 --> 0:28:23.840 the weights if you look at a grandfather clock or 0:28:24.040 --> 0:28:26.920 a cuckoo clock, like these things all have and we'll 0:28:26.920 --> 0:28:29.640 get to the pendulums. Not only pendulums and a grandfather clock, 0:28:29.720 --> 0:28:32.400 but it's weights that are still operating this thing. 0:28:33.080 --> 0:28:36.240 Yeah, and one of the inventions that really kind of 0:28:36.520 --> 0:28:41.640 it was a game changer. It's called the virgin foliot mechanism. Essentially, 0:28:41.720 --> 0:28:44.200 you remember in Karate Kid two where all of those 0:28:44.480 --> 0:28:49.960 okay now and villagers are sitting there playing their hand drums. Yeah, yeah, okay, 0:28:50.240 --> 0:28:54.640 So that's essentially a virgin of foliot kind of imagine 0:28:54.640 --> 0:28:57.800 the drum part is the I think foliot, and the 0:28:57.920 --> 0:29:01.800 verge is the handle and when there's like a crown wheel, 0:29:02.040 --> 0:29:06.440 the gear the main gear that operates a clock. When 0:29:06.480 --> 0:29:10.920 it turns, it turns the folliot, and the folliot turns 0:29:11.240 --> 0:29:13.480 like slowly one way and then slowly back another and 0:29:13.520 --> 0:29:16.280 when it moves back in position, the gear is allowed 0:29:16.280 --> 0:29:19.800 to turn. So you're actually controlling the kinetic energy of 0:29:19.840 --> 0:29:23.040 those weights that's falling and making the whole thing move, 0:29:23.480 --> 0:29:26.120 and by doing that in a precise way, that's how 0:29:26.160 --> 0:29:27.400 you can keep track of time. 0:29:28.160 --> 0:29:31.640 Yeah, and you know it stays constant because that thing 0:29:31.720 --> 0:29:34.080 is constantly stopping and starting, so it's going to keep 0:29:34.080 --> 0:29:36.800 that weight from picking up momentum as it goes down 0:29:36.840 --> 0:29:39.760 and descends. So that's how you get the constant speed. 0:29:40.720 --> 0:29:43.160 And that's also how you can create a ticking sound. 0:29:43.160 --> 0:29:46.120 It's just that little, you know, constant intermittent movement. 0:29:46.360 --> 0:29:49.200 Yeah. And the but you wouldn't it doesn't move like 0:29:49.280 --> 0:29:52.680 an Oknawan hand drum moves. I mean, it moves not 0:29:52.760 --> 0:29:57.200 as fast, I should say, be out of control clock. 0:29:58.320 --> 0:30:01.000 Yeah. Didn't that drum move faster faster the more intense 0:30:01.000 --> 0:30:02.600 that the scenes got in that movie? 0:30:02.640 --> 0:30:06.240 Hmm, yeah, oh yeah, Man, it really helped build the 0:30:06.280 --> 0:30:09.160 suspense I think during the main fight maybe. 0:30:09.800 --> 0:30:11.800 Yeah. I mean, this is a pretty smart device for 0:30:11.840 --> 0:30:12.160 a movie. 0:30:12.200 --> 0:30:14.160 It was a good sequel as far as sequels go. 0:30:14.800 --> 0:30:17.440 They didn't just you know, build on the last one. 0:30:17.480 --> 0:30:21.280 They really kind of went all out and recreating things. 0:30:21.560 --> 0:30:24.200 Yeah. And one of the great bad movies of all time. 0:30:24.280 --> 0:30:26.800 And I'm lobbying to get on a friend of the 0:30:26.800 --> 0:30:29.680 show The Flophouse, the best bad movie podcast out there 0:30:29.680 --> 0:30:32.440 in my opinion, to do Karate Kid three, which is 0:30:34.000 --> 0:30:36.160 hugely entertaining as a bad movie. 0:30:36.720 --> 0:30:40.640 Is that even worse than Jaden Smith's Karate Kid, because 0:30:40.640 --> 0:30:42.040 I heard that was pretty bad. 0:30:42.880 --> 0:30:46.440 I didn't see it. But Karate Kid three, oh man, 0:30:46.560 --> 0:30:48.880 if you're into a fun bad movie to watch with people, 0:30:48.920 --> 0:30:52.040 Karate Kid three is one. And that was one where 0:30:52.200 --> 0:30:53.880 I thought I talked about on the show at some point, 0:30:53.960 --> 0:30:58.880 but where God, Ruby was probably like six years old 0:30:59.040 --> 0:31:02.680 and came up with, like, legit, her first quality joke 0:31:02.840 --> 0:31:03.720 watching that movie. 0:31:03.800 --> 0:31:04.520 Can you share it? 0:31:05.640 --> 0:31:06.880 Uh? 0:31:06.960 --> 0:31:09.040 I don't know if it would translate. I'll tell you later. 0:31:09.160 --> 0:31:12.200 Okay, that's fine, Yeah, but good for her. Six is 0:31:12.200 --> 0:31:14.640 a good age to come up with a quality joke by. 0:31:14.720 --> 0:31:17.600 Actually, I think I could. Actually there's a recurring thing 0:31:17.640 --> 0:31:19.960 in that movie that happens where every time the bad 0:31:20.000 --> 0:31:23.080 guys come into a place, they turn a light off, 0:31:23.640 --> 0:31:25.720 like they'll come into a warehouse to fight, and they 0:31:25.800 --> 0:31:27.920 turn the light off. It happened like two or three times, 0:31:28.400 --> 0:31:30.040 and I kept going like, what is going on? It's 0:31:30.080 --> 0:31:33.480 so weird. And then later in the movie they they 0:31:33.680 --> 0:31:36.920 rush out and find Daniel Son and Miagi in a forest, 0:31:36.960 --> 0:31:38.880 and Ruby said, that'd be funny if they reached over 0:31:38.920 --> 0:31:40.440 to a tree and turned the moon off. 0:31:41.760 --> 0:31:43.680 That's good. That is a quality joke. 0:31:43.800 --> 0:31:44.680 That's a pretty good joke. 0:31:44.760 --> 0:31:48.440 Yep. Yeah, yeah, I haven't seen the karate Kid three. 0:31:48.640 --> 0:31:51.000 I know of it. I know Hillary Swank's the karate 0:31:51.120 --> 0:31:51.840 kid in that one. 0:31:52.360 --> 0:31:55.240 No, no, no, no, no. Uh, well, maybe I'm getting the 0:31:55.320 --> 0:31:59.960 number wrong. Karate Kid three was actually Daniel and Miagi still, 0:32:00.280 --> 0:32:04.040 Oh was it? Yeah? Unless I have it out of order, 0:32:04.080 --> 0:32:05.880 it's not. But I know it's not the Hillary Swank 0:32:05.920 --> 0:32:08.920 one obviously. Okay, all right, yeah, so it's either three 0:32:09.040 --> 0:32:09.360 or four. 0:32:09.600 --> 0:32:11.480 Well, I haven't seen the one you're talking about either. 0:32:11.520 --> 0:32:14.040 I don't remember anybody turning off any lights anywhere. 0:32:14.640 --> 0:32:16.840 Yeah, it's truly bad in a great way. 0:32:16.880 --> 0:32:21.880 Okay, So just back to Just like in the Muslim world, 0:32:22.760 --> 0:32:26.680 time keeping pieces in Europe were initially to keep people 0:32:26.720 --> 0:32:30.720 on track for daily prayers. Apparently, monks and monasteries prayed 0:32:31.200 --> 0:32:34.120 seven times a day, but there were also meals. There 0:32:34.160 --> 0:32:38.800 was also beer brewing time, and so these early clocks, 0:32:39.040 --> 0:32:42.720 using the virgin folio mechanism and weights, they helped keep 0:32:42.720 --> 0:32:46.520 the monks on track. Yeah, monks are associated with churches, 0:32:46.560 --> 0:32:51.160 so very soon after that churches started keeping clocks as well. 0:32:51.560 --> 0:32:54.920 And fun fact, one of the reasons that churches often 0:32:55.000 --> 0:32:58.960 have very very tall steeples, often with bells on top, 0:32:59.080 --> 0:33:02.200 is because used to be parts of the clock. To 0:33:02.280 --> 0:33:05.200 run a clock so big that it can ring that bell, 0:33:05.680 --> 0:33:09.440 you need to have very heavy weights there coming and 0:33:09.480 --> 0:33:11.560 descending from a very high place. 0:33:12.400 --> 0:33:14.560 Yeah, for sure, nice little factoid there. 0:33:14.600 --> 0:33:15.320 I love that one. 0:33:15.920 --> 0:33:19.560 And the oldest surviving mechanical clock is in a church. 0:33:19.600 --> 0:33:23.520 It was built for this Salisbury Cathedral that was in 0:33:23.600 --> 0:33:28.360 thirteen eighty six. But these clocks didn't have a face yet. 0:33:29.240 --> 0:33:32.800 It was still you know, like ringing a bell kind 0:33:32.800 --> 0:33:34.520 of thing to know what time it was. And in fact, 0:33:34.720 --> 0:33:39.120 the word clock comes from the French word is it close? 0:33:39.200 --> 0:33:43.000 I guess like that glass thing dome you put over stuff. 0:33:43.200 --> 0:33:46.680 Yeah, which is a bell. But you know, it wasn't 0:33:46.720 --> 0:33:48.720 too long after that that they said, hey, if we 0:33:48.760 --> 0:33:53.280 can have a clock turning gears, how hard would it 0:33:53.320 --> 0:33:56.160 be to actually put a sun dial kind of like 0:33:56.200 --> 0:33:58.320 thing on the front of it and turn the gears 0:33:58.360 --> 0:34:00.560 of a hand so people could actually see what time 0:34:00.560 --> 0:34:03.080 it was. Yeah, And they went, not that hard, we 0:34:03.080 --> 0:34:03.560 can do that. 0:34:03.680 --> 0:34:07.000 They're like, are you talking about a moving gnomon? And 0:34:07.080 --> 0:34:10.799 the monk said, that's exactly what I'm talking about that's right. 0:34:11.520 --> 0:34:14.160 So there's this really interesting take on all that, the 0:34:14.239 --> 0:34:19.440 fact that the clocks started tracking time in monasteries and 0:34:19.480 --> 0:34:22.400 then churches in the cities that were built around churches 0:34:22.600 --> 0:34:24.839 would all hear the bell, so people knew what time 0:34:24.880 --> 0:34:28.440 it was all of a sudden. It wasn't like the 0:34:28.800 --> 0:34:32.040 sky's purple, so I better milk the cows. It was like, oh, 0:34:32.080 --> 0:34:35.279 it's one in the afternoon, so I better milk the cows. Right, 0:34:36.040 --> 0:34:38.160 because apparently the sky would turn purple at one in 0:34:38.160 --> 0:34:41.600 the afternoon in medieval Europe. And there's a philosopher named 0:34:41.680 --> 0:34:44.680 Lewis Mumford I think he was working in the nineteen thirties, 0:34:44.960 --> 0:34:49.000 and he says that that is the birth of the 0:34:49.040 --> 0:34:54.000 modern era, not steam power that came hundreds of years later. Right, 0:34:54.120 --> 0:34:58.880 removing people from the rhythms, the natural rhythms of the 0:34:59.000 --> 0:35:02.760 day and imposing time on them all of a sudden, 0:35:02.760 --> 0:35:05.560 you could be like be at my blacksmith shop at 0:35:05.600 --> 0:35:09.239 three or else you're fired. You know, that would a 0:35:09.320 --> 0:35:13.359 draft exactly. I think that's a really good case that 0:35:13.440 --> 0:35:13.920 he makes. 0:35:14.080 --> 0:35:16.880 Yeah, no, totally. I mean it was a real game changer, 0:35:16.920 --> 0:35:20.600 and that's when everyone got a little bit more uptight, I imagine. 0:35:20.160 --> 0:35:21.680 I imagine as well. 0:35:21.960 --> 0:35:24.919 You know, and we still didn't have minutes at this point, 0:35:25.000 --> 0:35:27.880 like those clocks that we were talking about, you know, 0:35:28.280 --> 0:35:30.839 grinding those gears around, you could still have a you know, 0:35:30.880 --> 0:35:34.479 a decent hour. As far as accuracy goes. The word 0:35:34.560 --> 0:35:37.000 minute actually to mean what we meant, it didn't even 0:35:37.000 --> 0:35:40.080 come around until the late fourteenth century. So minutes are 0:35:40.800 --> 0:35:44.640 a relatively modern thing if you consider fourteenth century modern. 0:35:44.920 --> 0:35:49.120 Right, and thanks for letting me take that, Lewis mum 0:35:49.200 --> 0:35:50.600 for little tidbit. 0:35:51.120 --> 0:35:52.359 Well, yeah, did you like that one? 0:35:52.400 --> 0:35:56.200 I love it. It's almost as good as the the 0:35:56.320 --> 0:35:58.120 different smells of incense. 0:35:59.080 --> 0:36:01.239 Yeah, well, you know, we like to scratch each other's back. 0:36:03.560 --> 0:36:08.040 Another joke skipped. So you can take weights and their 0:36:08.120 --> 0:36:11.080 kinetic energy, and really now you can do You can 0:36:11.120 --> 0:36:14.279 take anything that has kinetic energy and use it to 0:36:14.480 --> 0:36:17.719 control its release, and you can use that to do 0:36:17.760 --> 0:36:20.000 things like drive gears and things like that, and you 0:36:20.000 --> 0:36:22.560 can use those gears to keep time with Well, a 0:36:22.640 --> 0:36:27.200 coiled spring has a lot of kinetic energy. And yeah, 0:36:27.280 --> 0:36:32.120 replacing the weights in clocks with coiled springs meant they 0:36:32.160 --> 0:36:35.800 became portable because of course humans love to make things portable. 0:36:36.640 --> 0:36:40.319 Yeah, but they were still pretty inexact because friction is 0:36:40.320 --> 0:36:44.080 a thing, So depending on how well it's made, how 0:36:44.120 --> 0:36:46.520 well it was lubricated, if it was hot, if it 0:36:46.560 --> 0:36:49.600 was humid, that that would make just change the way 0:36:49.600 --> 0:36:52.560 clocks work. So they were still pretty inexact at this point. 0:36:52.960 --> 0:36:56.759 So sundials were still kind of preferred. Water clocks were 0:36:56.800 --> 0:36:59.880 still preferred for a long time, and actually more precise. 0:37:00.880 --> 0:37:04.080 If you really want to jump forward in precision, you 0:37:04.120 --> 0:37:08.279 can look no further than Galileo Galilee and the turn 0:37:08.320 --> 0:37:11.600 of the seventeenth century, and he was the one that 0:37:11.680 --> 0:37:13.759 kind of came up with this idea of a pendulum 0:37:14.280 --> 0:37:17.840 when he started measuring the movement of lamps swinging on 0:37:17.880 --> 0:37:21.520 a cord using his own pulse beat as a reference. 0:37:22.320 --> 0:37:22.879 Pretty cool. 0:37:23.040 --> 0:37:25.520 Yeah, So he found like you can use a pendulum 0:37:25.560 --> 0:37:28.880 to keep time. The reason why, as a pendulum swing 0:37:29.400 --> 0:37:33.239 is divided in exactly and half time wise, right, So 0:37:34.120 --> 0:37:37.239 that's what's called a harmonious oscillator. Each swing to the 0:37:37.320 --> 0:37:39.800 left or the right is the exact same amount of time, 0:37:40.200 --> 0:37:43.280 and even more than that, when a pendulum loses energy, 0:37:43.760 --> 0:37:46.720 that doesn't change the arcs just get a little shorter, 0:37:47.120 --> 0:37:51.000 but they're still equal to one another, right. So Galileo 0:37:51.080 --> 0:37:54.200 figured out that you could use that information to build 0:37:54.239 --> 0:37:57.760 a clock. He developed the clock. He never built it 0:37:57.800 --> 0:38:00.880 because he kept being called a way by the Indigo 0:38:00.920 --> 0:38:04.799 girls to help them get through life, so he was 0:38:04.880 --> 0:38:07.640 unable to build it. His son started to build it, 0:38:07.680 --> 0:38:11.160 but as Galileo always said, that boy never finished anything 0:38:11.160 --> 0:38:13.880 that he started, so he didn't complete it. And finally, 0:38:14.280 --> 0:38:20.080 in sixteen fifty six, the Dutch mathematician Christian Hugens, the 0:38:20.200 --> 0:38:24.480 son Galileo always wanted, he ended up creating that clock, 0:38:24.600 --> 0:38:27.839 the first pendulum clock that Galileo had kind of come 0:38:27.920 --> 0:38:28.239 up with. 0:38:28.920 --> 0:38:31.759 Yeah, that was in sixteen fifty six. And almost right 0:38:31.800 --> 0:38:34.760 after that there was an English scientist named Robert Hook 0:38:35.480 --> 0:38:37.040 with an e of the end, said you know what, 0:38:37.120 --> 0:38:40.400 I could make that thing better, and he replaced the 0:38:40.520 --> 0:38:43.239 verge with you know that we mentioned earlier, with a 0:38:43.680 --> 0:38:46.640 something called an anchor escapement, which was just a new 0:38:46.680 --> 0:38:51.680 mechanism to regulate the swing I guess, but that allowed 0:38:51.719 --> 0:38:55.080 the arc of the pendulum to be reduced from about 0:38:55.200 --> 0:38:58.399 one hundred I'm sorry, one hundred degree swing to four 0:38:58.440 --> 0:39:00.880 to six degrees, which again meant you could pack it 0:39:00.920 --> 0:39:02.240 in a packageable size. 0:39:02.320 --> 0:39:06.520 Yeah. And also they found that less of a swing, 0:39:06.840 --> 0:39:09.560 they found that the less wide the arc, the more 0:39:09.680 --> 0:39:14.799 accurate the timekeeping was. Anchor escapements are almost impossible to 0:39:14.840 --> 0:39:18.360 explain unless you see it actually happening, and they're like, oh, okay, 0:39:18.360 --> 0:39:21.799 that totally makes sense. But I say, go look up 0:39:22.480 --> 0:39:25.880 a video of how anchor escapements work, because it's pretty amazing. 0:39:27.280 --> 0:39:32.200 And so because you have slower moving pendulums, they require 0:39:32.280 --> 0:39:35.560 less power, which means you need less weight. And eventually 0:39:35.640 --> 0:39:37.719 there's a guy named William Clement who put all of 0:39:37.760 --> 0:39:41.040 this stuff together and in sixteen eighty came up with 0:39:41.120 --> 0:39:45.760 what we now call grandfather clocks. And because of everything 0:39:45.800 --> 0:39:50.279 that kind of developed from Galileo on, Clement was able 0:39:50.320 --> 0:39:52.320 to add a minute hand and now all of a 0:39:52.360 --> 0:39:55.360 sudden you knew what minute it was of the hour 0:39:55.680 --> 0:39:56.720 thanks to William Clement. 0:39:57.560 --> 0:40:00.000 That's right, And of course you're referring to the long 0:40:00.080 --> 0:40:03.720 case clock. It didn't get the name grandfather clock until 0:40:03.719 --> 0:40:07.320 eighteen twenty I'm sorry, eighteen seventy six. And that's actually 0:40:07.320 --> 0:40:11.759 from a song called My Grandfather's Clock. That's where it's 0:40:11.800 --> 0:40:13.560 about I mean, it's kind of a sad song about 0:40:13.560 --> 0:40:16.960 a clock that this this guy had who or his 0:40:17.080 --> 0:40:20.120 grandfather had, and it quit working when he died, and 0:40:20.160 --> 0:40:22.520 it was a really popular song. So long case clocks 0:40:22.560 --> 0:40:26.120 became my grandfather's clock, and the singer and I think 0:40:26.120 --> 0:40:29.840 writer was a guy named Henry Clay, not Henry Clay people, 0:40:30.560 --> 0:40:31.640 but Henry Clay work. 0:40:32.400 --> 0:40:35.960 You know, that's a redux of our first short stuff. 0:40:37.160 --> 0:40:39.239 I thought we had talked about that, right, that was 0:40:39.280 --> 0:40:40.799 the very first, the very first one. 0:40:40.840 --> 0:40:46.560 Huh yeah, grandfather clocks man, so pendulum clocks. Everyone said, 0:40:46.560 --> 0:40:50.120 this is great. I love these long case slash grandfather clocks. 0:40:51.360 --> 0:40:55.040 But finally, in the twenties people had figured out, I 0:40:55.040 --> 0:40:58.240 guess centuries before, in the nineteenth century, a century before 0:40:58.320 --> 0:41:03.760 that you could keep tying with a crystal. They produced 0:41:03.800 --> 0:41:08.120 reliable oscillations that you could track for time, and people 0:41:08.120 --> 0:41:10.400 figured out how to use that and watches for that. 0:41:10.520 --> 0:41:13.240 I would say, go listen to our atomic clock episode. 0:41:13.400 --> 0:41:14.560 Yeah, that was a good one. 0:41:14.960 --> 0:41:19.680 Out From crystal quartz came atomic clocks, and from atomic 0:41:19.719 --> 0:41:23.640 clocks came things like GPS. It's how your iPhone or 0:41:24.160 --> 0:41:28.239 you know, Google phone keeps track of the time knows 0:41:28.280 --> 0:41:30.920 exactly what time it is thanks to an atomic clock. 0:41:31.400 --> 0:41:37.680 So we went from sun to water to pendulums to 0:41:37.920 --> 0:41:39.880 crystals to atoms. 0:41:40.400 --> 0:41:43.120 That's right. And by the way, I bet I made 0:41:43.120 --> 0:41:45.640 that same dumb Henry Clay joke and that short stuff didn't. 0:41:45.640 --> 0:41:48.520 I I'll have to go back and listen. But anytime 0:41:48.520 --> 0:41:51.080 you get a chance to mention Henry Clay People, you do, 0:41:51.239 --> 0:41:52.440 and I support it fully. 0:41:53.560 --> 0:41:55.480 Of course, for those of you who don't know, Henry 0:41:55.480 --> 0:41:57.880 Clay People was a great band and friends of the 0:41:57.920 --> 0:42:01.960 show whom are a good Joey and Andy Ciarra, the brothers, 0:42:02.880 --> 0:42:06.319 musical brothers, screenwriting brothers, and they did the theme song 0:42:06.360 --> 0:42:07.680 to the Stuff You Should Know TV show. 0:42:07.719 --> 0:42:11.000 That's right. It was a great theme, very catchy, and. 0:42:10.920 --> 0:42:12.800 They're still a great friends. I see Joey all the 0:42:12.800 --> 0:42:14.920 time because he lives in New York now and Andy's 0:42:14.920 --> 0:42:15.719 still in LA. 0:42:15.880 --> 0:42:17.160 That's awesome. Shout out. 0:42:18.520 --> 0:42:21.239 That's right. So we're back or not, we're back. We're 0:42:21.320 --> 0:42:23.640 all of a sudden headed toward Watches. Everyone mm hm, 0:42:24.280 --> 0:42:26.760 and I mean this again, could be an entire episode 0:42:26.760 --> 0:42:28.200 on Watches. So we're not going to get to in 0:42:28.239 --> 0:42:33.719 the weeds, but those spring based clocks. Of course, that 0:42:34.040 --> 0:42:36.640 spring was kind of the key in the fifteenth century, 0:42:37.000 --> 0:42:41.080 eventually involved to wearable clocks like flava flave, and then 0:42:41.160 --> 0:42:44.320 then eventually we got to watch us. By the sixteenth century, 0:42:45.000 --> 0:42:48.080 of course, we were talking about pocket watches. Initially kind of 0:42:48.080 --> 0:42:50.440 thing you hang from your vest or your belt or something, 0:42:50.440 --> 0:42:52.160 and it was a real fashion statement at the time. 0:42:53.040 --> 0:42:56.280 But as that technology progressed, they got smaller and smaller, 0:42:57.000 --> 0:42:59.960 maybe not more accurate, but just smaller enough to where 0:43:00.000 --> 0:43:02.120 you could finally put one on your wrist if you 0:43:02.200 --> 0:43:05.879 were the Countess of Hungary in eighteen sixty. 0:43:05.600 --> 0:43:09.840 Eight, yeah, or one of Emperor Wilhelm the Second German 0:43:09.960 --> 0:43:14.839 naval officers in eighteen eighty, because before that watches were 0:43:15.000 --> 0:43:18.360 women's jewelry, that's what they were considered. Wilhelm the Second 0:43:18.400 --> 0:43:23.120 said nine, now it's going to be a military gear. Yeah. 0:43:23.160 --> 0:43:26.719 And from World War One, which came a little later, 0:43:27.840 --> 0:43:30.399 the American and other Allied troops who came back home 0:43:30.400 --> 0:43:33.000 were like, you should see these hand clocks these guys have, 0:43:34.000 --> 0:43:37.760 and those became very quickly as starting around the twenties 0:43:37.960 --> 0:43:40.720 fashionable in the United States, and I think great Britain 0:43:41.719 --> 0:43:44.480 and in the twenties because they became fashion all of 0:43:44.520 --> 0:43:47.000 a sudden, there was a lot of attention on hand 0:43:47.000 --> 0:43:51.160 clocks and they became a lot of innovations just kind 0:43:51.200 --> 0:43:53.800 of started to build very quickly starting in the twenties. 0:43:54.760 --> 0:43:56.560 Yeah, and you know a lot of this stuff that 0:43:57.120 --> 0:43:58.960 you a lot of features that you have on a 0:43:59.040 --> 0:44:04.200 watch if you're watch person, comes from military usage, like 0:44:04.239 --> 0:44:06.560 the of course I can't remember any of this because 0:44:06.600 --> 0:44:09.319 it's off the dome and I'm a forgetful person. But 0:44:09.760 --> 0:44:12.160 you know the watches that have the little buttons on 0:44:12.200 --> 0:44:14.560 each side of the winder and you can like click 0:44:14.600 --> 0:44:17.400 it to start something and then click it to stop it. 0:44:17.600 --> 0:44:20.960 Yeah, stop watch, No, stop. 0:44:20.560 --> 0:44:23.920 Watch just like on a regular wristwatch. There's a name 0:44:23.960 --> 0:44:25.160 for it. I mean I have one of them. I 0:44:25.160 --> 0:44:26.080 just can't think of it right now. 0:44:26.120 --> 0:44:28.320 But it's for a stopwatch function though, right. 0:44:29.080 --> 0:44:33.239 Well yeah, essentially, but as it pertains to the regular time. 0:44:33.880 --> 0:44:36.879 But that was essentially, I think initially to keep track 0:44:36.920 --> 0:44:41.000 of like when you would launch a not a missile, 0:44:41.040 --> 0:44:42.799 like the kind of bomb you drop in a tube 0:44:42.800 --> 0:44:47.719 and it shoots somewhere torpedo. Sure, No, Like you know 0:44:47.719 --> 0:44:49.120 when you drop it in a tube and it shoots 0:44:49.200 --> 0:44:52.200 up in the air. Yeah, drop a shell into a 0:44:52.239 --> 0:44:54.520 tube and then like when it would make the explosion, 0:44:54.560 --> 0:44:57.520 you would keep track of, like you would time that 0:44:57.640 --> 0:44:59.399 out so you would know, like how far it's going 0:44:59.400 --> 0:45:03.000 in calculat Oh smart, I think that's the deal. I 0:45:03.000 --> 0:45:04.480 hope I'm not wrong. Someone will correct me. 0:45:05.239 --> 0:45:06.799 Well, what about water resistance? 0:45:08.040 --> 0:45:12.560 Yeah, I mean if you want to dive or just frolic, 0:45:12.920 --> 0:45:15.640 then you're going to need a waterproof watch. And that 0:45:15.680 --> 0:45:19.440 came along with the Rolex the Oyster, specifically in nineteen 0:45:19.520 --> 0:45:23.439 twenty six, and then in the nineteen fifties that's when 0:45:24.200 --> 0:45:27.759 stop watch functions, although that was around during the war, 0:45:27.880 --> 0:45:29.600 So I'm not sure the difference between what I was 0:45:29.600 --> 0:45:33.080 talking about in an actual stopwatch and my favorite feature, 0:45:33.080 --> 0:45:36.240 which is luminescence. As you know, I kind of became 0:45:36.239 --> 0:45:37.799 a bit of a watch guy. And I don't have 0:45:37.880 --> 0:45:40.200 a ton of them, but got like seven watches and 0:45:40.200 --> 0:45:44.720 one of them is a not for real watch people 0:45:45.520 --> 0:45:48.479 they have like dozens and hundreds, but I have one 0:45:48.520 --> 0:45:52.960 called a loom Tech and that is the most luminescent 0:45:53.080 --> 0:45:54.719 that you can get, I think, And that thing is 0:45:55.200 --> 0:45:57.120 so bright and cool. I just love it. 0:45:57.160 --> 0:46:00.319 Does it leave like floaters on your vision after you 0:46:00.320 --> 0:46:00.799 look at it? 0:46:01.440 --> 0:46:04.279 No, But if it's like fully charging go into a 0:46:04.360 --> 0:46:08.239 dark closet or something, it's like, it's super bright green 0:46:08.280 --> 0:46:09.520 and it's awesome. I love it. 0:46:09.560 --> 0:46:11.520 So you can really time out your spin the bottle? 0:46:12.360 --> 0:46:14.680 Oh you know it, because I don't want to be 0:46:14.719 --> 0:46:16.600 in that closet for me any longer than I have 0:46:16.680 --> 0:46:16.880 to be. 0:46:17.520 --> 0:46:21.839 I was raised baptism, making awkward conversation, Yeah, totally. So 0:46:22.440 --> 0:46:24.560 if you are like I want to hear more about 0:46:24.920 --> 0:46:27.880 watches ts, We're pretty much at the end of the episode, 0:46:27.960 --> 0:46:31.400 but I would recommend going and listening to our watch 0:46:31.480 --> 0:46:34.760 episode because we talked a lot about the transition from 0:46:35.120 --> 0:46:41.040 mechanical watches to digital watches in that episode. If I 0:46:41.080 --> 0:46:42.720 remember correctly, it's pretty interesting. 0:46:43.400 --> 0:46:46.200 Yeah, for sure. Chronographs that's what I'm talking about with 0:46:46.239 --> 0:46:47.360 the watches, by the way. 0:46:47.200 --> 0:46:48.160 But what does it do. 0:46:50.040 --> 0:46:53.800 It's like a sub dial for the seconds and minutes 0:46:53.840 --> 0:46:56.359 and hours I think, so that the top button will 0:46:56.360 --> 0:46:58.600 be a start stop and the bottom is a reset. 0:46:59.000 --> 0:47:02.359 So it did it function is like a stopwatch. But 0:47:02.400 --> 0:47:05.720 I think they got their start with timing out shells 0:47:06.040 --> 0:47:10.080 and when they exploded, if I'm not mistaken, not torpedoes, yeah, 0:47:10.120 --> 0:47:12.520 I think, but again off the dome. So if I'm wrong, 0:47:12.640 --> 0:47:13.799 all apologies you're saying. 0:47:14.239 --> 0:47:19.040 Chronog chronograph reminded me of one little tidbit I forgot 0:47:19.040 --> 0:47:21.520 to mention. Remember how we talked about planetary hours and 0:47:21.840 --> 0:47:25.000 the Romans were like, this is when you worship you know, 0:47:25.560 --> 0:47:30.239 Mars or whatever. Yeah, that is where the word horoscope 0:47:30.280 --> 0:47:32.840 came from. Horoscope means our marker. 0:47:34.520 --> 0:47:36.480 Pretty nay huh, yeah, I like that. 0:47:36.520 --> 0:47:39.600 Okay, nifty, I like it too, And since Chuck said 0:47:39.600 --> 0:47:42.919 he likes it, that obviously means it's time for listener mail. 0:47:46.080 --> 0:47:49.719 That's right, And we read this from Bill I guess 0:47:49.719 --> 0:47:53.280 you would pronounce this rooshline because he asked a question 0:47:53.480 --> 0:47:56.759 about the appropriateness of our live show. And we've gotten 0:47:56.760 --> 0:47:58.279 a few emails, so we thought we kind of get 0:47:58.320 --> 0:48:00.680 the word out. Hey, guys, been listening for for ten 0:48:00.760 --> 0:48:04.600 years since commuting from Erie to Pittsburgh for a new job, 0:48:05.320 --> 0:48:08.160 you feel countless hours of boredom with education and smiles. 0:48:08.160 --> 0:48:10.600 As my family and I now listen to your show 0:48:10.600 --> 0:48:13.000 almost weekly, and my now almost eleven year old son 0:48:13.400 --> 0:48:16.399 has grown up listening to you guys since shortly after 0:48:16.440 --> 0:48:17.040 he was born. 0:48:17.160 --> 0:48:17.560 Nice. 0:48:18.360 --> 0:48:20.959 So we're coming to your show in Akron, Ohio, and 0:48:21.040 --> 0:48:24.399 we're pretty ecstatic about that. We can't wait to come. 0:48:24.400 --> 0:48:26.080 But I was hoping to respond and let me know 0:48:26.120 --> 0:48:28.319 what the content is appropriate for our eleven year old 0:48:29.239 --> 0:48:31.960 to come. We're loose with what he's allowed to listen to, 0:48:32.440 --> 0:48:34.240 and don't try and shield him too much from the world. 0:48:34.480 --> 0:48:37.920 Everything you put out is educational. For instance, the Operation 0:48:38.040 --> 0:48:40.880 Mincemeat episode is one of our favorites. But there's anything 0:48:41.120 --> 0:48:45.759 particularly mature, like murder stuff or like the Lizzie Bordon episode, 0:48:46.120 --> 0:48:49.680 we should probably be responsible parents and Bill and others. 0:48:50.360 --> 0:48:52.879 We're here to say that we're not going to reveal 0:48:52.920 --> 0:48:55.360 the topic, but this one is very much kid appropriate. 0:48:56.280 --> 0:48:58.400 The only thing you might hear we like to delight 0:48:58.440 --> 0:49:00.879 people with a few odd curse words here and there 0:49:01.440 --> 0:49:03.680 because we don't do it on this show, but it's 0:49:03.719 --> 0:49:08.360 still what do you call it, PGPG PG eleven Maybe. 0:49:08.200 --> 0:49:11.920 Yeah, okay these days yeah, I would even say, depending 0:49:11.960 --> 0:49:14.720 on the kid, maybe PG eight. We get some fairly 0:49:14.760 --> 0:49:17.319 young kids at our shows, and I've never seen a 0:49:17.440 --> 0:49:21.680 parent leave with the child. They usually just leap behind. 0:49:22.280 --> 0:49:24.759 I think in Scotland didn't that when family leave. 0:49:25.160 --> 0:49:27.880 Yeah, I still don't understand that. We didn't say anything 0:49:27.960 --> 0:49:31.720 even remotely offensive. Yeah, and I think they just didn't 0:49:31.760 --> 0:49:33.759 like the sounds of our voices or something like that. 0:49:34.800 --> 0:49:36.640 I don't maybe so, but I don't think it was 0:49:36.640 --> 0:49:37.439 anything we said. 0:49:38.040 --> 0:49:38.600 Okay, good. 0:49:38.640 --> 0:49:38.839 Well. 0:49:38.920 --> 0:49:41.120 Content wise though, this one is super on the up 0:49:41.120 --> 0:49:46.120 and up and kid appropriate. Nothing's scary at all, super pop, cultury, historical, 0:49:46.160 --> 0:49:50.719 kind of interesting, but just maybe a curse word or two. 0:49:51.200 --> 0:49:54.760 Yeah, maybe a blue joke here there, but hopefully over 0:49:55.120 --> 0:49:56.080 any kid's head. 0:49:56.960 --> 0:49:59.280 Yeah, that's what we like to do. It's confused children 0:49:59.360 --> 0:50:00.600 so their parents get explain on the way. 0:50:00.640 --> 0:50:04.040 How exactly right. That's great, Chuck, that was a good idea. 0:50:04.520 --> 0:50:06.439 If you're like, wait, you guys are going on tour, 0:50:06.560 --> 0:50:10.320 we absolutely are. I would direct you to stuff youshould 0:50:10.320 --> 0:50:12.800 know dot com and click on the on tour button 0:50:13.160 --> 0:50:14.799 and it will show you all the places we're going 0:50:14.840 --> 0:50:17.040 to be and if you click on those, it will 0:50:17.040 --> 0:50:19.399 take you to go buy tickets so you can come 0:50:19.440 --> 0:50:22.920 see us. This is the first time in years and years, 0:50:22.960 --> 0:50:25.319 I guess, since we've been on the road so we're 0:50:25.400 --> 0:50:28.680 kind of excited about coming back. Maybe a little rusty, yeah, 0:50:28.680 --> 0:50:31.280 but that also usually means that those first couple shows 0:50:31.360 --> 0:50:33.080 get some high flying high jinks. 0:50:33.920 --> 0:50:36.000 Yeah, I get ready Denver the Mile High City. How 0:50:36.040 --> 0:50:36.839 appropriate's right? 0:50:37.719 --> 0:50:39.680 And if you want to get in touch with us, 0:50:39.760 --> 0:50:42.840 like Bill right, yeh Bill did? Thanks for that email 0:50:42.840 --> 0:50:46.560 Bill and we'll see you in Akron. You can email 0:50:46.640 --> 0:50:52.680 us at stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com. 0:50:52.800 --> 0:50:55.680 Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For 0:50:55.760 --> 0:50:59.920 more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 0:51:00.080 --> 0:51:01.880 or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.