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Speaker 1: up for Coast Insider. Now here's a highlight from Coast

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Speaker 1: to Coast AM on iHeart Radio. In your opinion, when

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Speaker 1: we talk about other dimensions, what are we talking about

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Speaker 1: and how many well we can be talking about different things?

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Speaker 1: I think this is part of the issue. When people

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Speaker 1: talk about dimensions, or they talk about parallel world, or

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Speaker 1: they talk about the multiverse or the universes, often these

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Speaker 1: things get confused and run together, and we talk about

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Speaker 1: interdimensional travel and all this kind of stuff without really

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Speaker 1: being too specific about what we're talking about. From a

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Speaker 1: kind of a scientific point of view. So higher dimension

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Speaker 1: is just a dimension that is higher than what we

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Speaker 1: have because we live in a three dimensional world, right

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Speaker 1: back and forth, side, up and down, three directions that

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Speaker 1: are right angles to one another. That's what we call

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Speaker 1: the spatial dimensions. These are dimensions in space. So add

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Speaker 1: on another dimension to that and you get the fourth dimension.

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Speaker 1: Now you and I cannot imagine a fourth dimension. I

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Speaker 1: know I can't, and I don't think most people can

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Speaker 1: because we only have three dimensionals. But we can do

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Speaker 1: the math. We can do the math of the fourth dimension.

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Speaker 1: So we can talk about a four dimensional cube or

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Speaker 1: a sphere, or any kind of shape or any kind

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Speaker 1: of object that's in four dimensional space from a kind

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Speaker 1: of a mathematical point of view. And the mathematicians started

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Speaker 1: doing this towards the end of the nineteen century, and

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Speaker 1: it was the same time that spiritualism was becoming popular,

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Speaker 1: that whole thing, you know, it's seances and all the

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Speaker 1: rest of it, and strange phenomena being reported, and so

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Speaker 1: it became very popular to think of spiritualism or ghosts

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Speaker 1: in terms of creatures coming from the fourth dimension. And

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Speaker 1: this is where the whole seed of that idea came from.

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Speaker 1: So that's that's four dimensions of space, and obviously keep

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Speaker 1: on tacking on other dimensions five, six, ten. However, many

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Speaker 1: one the other kind of dimension is time, which so

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Speaker 1: in relativity theory we talk about four dimensional space time,

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Speaker 1: three dimensions of space, and one of time. So often

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Speaker 1: when we talk about a fourth dimensional higher dimensions, we're

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Speaker 1: talking about either space or time. But when we go

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Speaker 1: and talk about parallel worlds, then we're getting onto onto

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Speaker 1: other stuff. It is, it's dramatic and what would you say, David,

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Speaker 1: would be the most added aspect of all this parallel

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Speaker 1: universes or other dimensions. Yeah, I mean, and this is

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Speaker 1: not really that speculative. It comes out of mainstream physics.

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Speaker 1: Actually that physicists do believe that we live in a

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Speaker 1: higher dimensional universe, so that in addition to the normal

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Speaker 1: three dimensions that we were aware of, there are in

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Speaker 1: fact more dimensions, in fact up to maybe twenty six dimensions,

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Speaker 1: because that's the only way you can get the math

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Speaker 1: to work out. We know that our knowledge of the

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Speaker 1: universe is incomplete because we've discovered things called dark matter

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Speaker 1: and dark energy, which we haven't yet explained. Of the

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Speaker 1: universe is made up of these two things dark matter

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Speaker 1: and dark energy. So we only really know about one

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Speaker 1: of the universe, and we know that other stuff out there,

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Speaker 1: that dark matter and that dark energy is not made

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Speaker 1: of anything nor them all that we understand, and so

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Speaker 1: we know that our physics is incomplete, and physicists are

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Speaker 1: wrestling with this idea of how do we extend physics?

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Speaker 1: What lies beyond it? What particles lie beyond the family

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Speaker 1: that we already know the local standard model, And when

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Speaker 1: you try to explore that from a theoretical point of view,

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Speaker 1: when you try and do the math, it necessarily involves

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Speaker 1: introducing higher dimensions, extra dimensions ten eleven up to twenty

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Speaker 1: six dimensions. How probable, David, how probable are other universes

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Speaker 1: out there? Well, again, if we're talking about other universes

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Speaker 1: like the universe in which we live again, that has

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Speaker 1: become a mainstream idea. Now we don't know whether that's

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Speaker 1: true or not, whether there actually are of the universes,

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Speaker 1: because it's difficult to get information. Can we can we

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Speaker 1: prove it? Well, we can't prove it at the moment.

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Speaker 1: It's a very speculative idea, but it's it's not an

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Speaker 1: uncomm an idea. This idea of the multiverse. So our

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Speaker 1: universe we believe was created in the Big Bang, but

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Speaker 1: we now think scientists think that they that may not

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Speaker 1: be a unique event. That you could think of our

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Speaker 1: universe being like a kind of bubble of foam, and

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Speaker 1: this is not in isolation. So you can imagine there's

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Speaker 1: like a cosmic sea of foaming spacetime that's constantly bubbling

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Speaker 1: off new universes, one of which is ours. So there

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Speaker 1: could be an almost infinite number of universes out there,

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Speaker 1: and that fits in with modern cosmology. So it's not

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Speaker 1: a way out idea at all. But it's like the

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Speaker 1: higher dimensions thing. At the moment, we don't have the proof.

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Speaker 1: We just have the theoretical ideas. But they're not handwaving ideas.

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Speaker 1: There are proper mainstream scientific viewpoints, pretty dramatic. MITCHI Kaku

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Speaker 1: talks about strength theory and that comes up with his

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Speaker 1: theories for other dimensions. How does that work? Well? That

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Speaker 1: what That's just what I've been talking about. So at

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Speaker 1: the moment, we have what's called the standard model, which

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Speaker 1: is a model of seventeen fundamental particles, and though as

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Speaker 1: particles that you can't subdivide into anything smaller. These are

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Speaker 1: things like quarks and electrons and photons and things like that.

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Speaker 1: But to extend beyond that two try to grap grapple

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Speaker 1: with these problems of dark matter and dark energy. We

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Speaker 1: know that that family is incomplete, and as soon as

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Speaker 1: you try to extend it, you have to introduce more particles.

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Speaker 1: And string theory is one of these things, so that

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Speaker 1: fundamental particles are not single points. They're like wriggling strings

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Speaker 1: of energy. And that ties in with the whole math

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Speaker 1: of going beyond the standard model, and those theories invoke

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Speaker 1: the higher dimensions. Now, those higher dimensions are not like

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Speaker 1: the ordinary three dimensions we know about. They are fantastically small,

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Speaker 1: so they're, if you like, curled up or compactified, so

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Speaker 1: they're they're super miniature in size, but they're necessary to

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Speaker 1: explain the physics that we're trying to get into these

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Speaker 1: So that's what that's what mitchua is talking about that

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Speaker 1: when he talks about string theory, these other dimensions come from.

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Speaker 1: Could these other parallel universes explain the UFO sightines and

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Speaker 1: strange things like that? Well, And then we get into

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Speaker 1: the whole third area of what we're talking about what

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Speaker 1: we're talking about higher dimensions or or parallel worlds, because

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Speaker 1: that is something different. Again, what we're talking about there

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Speaker 1: is not these other separate universes. We're talking about overlapping

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Speaker 1: universes or overlapping worlds. And that idea also springs from physics,

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Speaker 1: from an area called quantum mechanics, and in particular a

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Speaker 1: theory of quantum mechanics called the many worlds hypothesis, where

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Speaker 1: all possibilities exist at the same time, and in every

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Speaker 1: every moment, the universe branches off our universe, not these

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Speaker 1: other universes out there, branches off into multiple other worlds

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Speaker 1: that exists in parallel. Now, the idea of strange phenomena

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Speaker 1: such as UFOs or ghosts or bigfoot, whatever you want

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Speaker 1: to call them, whatever you want to think about, coming

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Speaker 1: from another world one of these parallel worlds, is an

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Speaker 1: old idea. Actually it goes back, as I say, to

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Speaker 1: this idea of ghosts coming from the fourth dimension. It's

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Speaker 1: it's not out of the question, but if you're going

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Speaker 1: to go down that route, that route, you have to

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Speaker 1: try and be a little bit more specific about what

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Speaker 1: you're talking about. It's not impossible. We have to be

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Speaker 1: open minded about these things, and as they say, we

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Speaker 1: don't understand what the universe is. There's a lot of

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Speaker 1: things we simply don't know about at the moment. But

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Speaker 1: this will be following, following into the third category of

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Speaker 1: higher things or multiple dimensions or multiple worlds. Not the

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Speaker 1: spatial stuff, not the not the higher dimensions that we're

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Speaker 1: talking about with the particle physics, but something that comes

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Speaker 1: out of quantum mechanics where you've got overlapping worlds. As

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Speaker 1: it were, all possibilities going on at the same time,

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Speaker 1: So they could be other George nor is out there

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Speaker 1: in different things, other David Darling's all possibilities explored. And

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Speaker 1: then you say, well, okay, could is it possible to

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Speaker 1: transfer between these worlds whatever we're talking about, its parallel

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Speaker 1: worlds or or higher dimensions. Well, yes, in theory it is,

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Speaker 1: or at least in speculative theory it is. I don't

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Speaker 1: know what the mechanism would be, but it's an it's

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Speaker 1: an interesting possibility. The other possibility for UFOs, for example,

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Speaker 1: and that the problem here is we're stacking one hypothesis

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Speaker 1: on top of another. First, all, we're assuming there is

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Speaker 1: some the weird out there which that may well be,

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Speaker 1: but then we're trying to explain it in terms of

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Speaker 1: another speculation, so we really are stacking too, you know,

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Speaker 1: fairly far out ideas on top of one another the

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Speaker 1: other possibilities. Of course, there could be time machines, which

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Speaker 1: would be another way to to explain them, so that

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Speaker 1: they are they've come from another time stream where they've

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Speaker 1: come from the future. Do you think the time machines

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Speaker 1: have created the other parallel universes or not? I don't think.

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Speaker 1: I don't think necessarily that, And of course time machines

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Speaker 1: themselves are are speculative too. We can travel into the future,

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Speaker 1: you know that. By going fast enough, we can effectively

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Speaker 1: travel into the future, but there's no way back. If

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Speaker 1: you travel close to the speed of light, you will

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Speaker 1: end up in the future relative tools where you are now,

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Speaker 1: thousands of years in the future. The problem is if

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Speaker 1: you go back in time, what happens then, because you

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Speaker 1: we all know about the Grandfather paradox, where you m

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Speaker 1: something prevent your own existence, So there's all kinds of

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Speaker 1: paradoxes that spring up. Or you might go back and

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Speaker 1: create an alternative timeline so that that problem is avoided. Now,

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Speaker 1: going back into the into the past. Then it's more

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Speaker 1: speculative because it throws up more logic problems, and we

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Speaker 1: don't really know whether it's possible to do that or not.

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Speaker 1: In theory, if you could get into an airplane fast enough,

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Speaker 1: you're also traveling in time forward and back. If you

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Speaker 1: leave New York, let's say at noon, and you're able

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Speaker 1: to get to Los Angeles in an hour, takes four

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Speaker 1: and a half right now. But if you're able to

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Speaker 1: do that, in theory, you're you're traveling in time. You're

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Speaker 1: going back into time, aren't you? Every time? Every time,

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Speaker 1: every time you move, every time you move, whatever speed

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Speaker 1: you're going at, even if you're just walking, you are

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Speaker 1: actually going slightly into the future, not into the past.

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Speaker 1: You're actually going into the future because time slows down

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Speaker 1: for you if you are moving, and if you there's

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Speaker 1: easy fact so tiny, but they can be measured. They

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Speaker 1: can be measured by satellites, and they're only going at

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Speaker 1: a you know, a few few miles per second, and

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Speaker 1: we're particularly fast compared to the speed of light. But

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Speaker 1: if you travel anywhere near close to the speed of light,

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Speaker 1: you will end up if you go on a long

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Speaker 1: enough journey come back, you'll effectively be in the future.

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Speaker 1: You could be a hundred thousand years in the future,

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Speaker 1: but you won't be able to go into the past

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Speaker 1: using that. To go into the past, you might need

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Speaker 1: something weird like wormholes or you know what I was

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Speaker 1: going to say. With wormholes, are they connected to all

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Speaker 1: these other parallel universes and is that a way to travel? Well,

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Speaker 1: they might be. They might be. Again, it's theoretical. For

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Speaker 1: first of all, we don't know the existence of any

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Speaker 1: wormholes at the moment. We know the black holes exist,

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Speaker 1: and we know that black holes can be can in

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Speaker 1: theory be the entrances to wormholes. Wormholes can also exist

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Speaker 1: in other ways as well. Wormhole is just a passage

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Speaker 1: from one point in space time to another. It could

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Speaker 1: be within our universe, or it could be, as you say,

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Speaker 1: into an entirely different region of space time, time another universe,

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Speaker 1: and in which case you can either travel back or

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Speaker 1: forwards in our time in our own universe, or hop

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Speaker 1: into an entirely different universe altogether. How big are these wormholes,

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Speaker 1: I mean, are they massive? Well, it would depend It

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Speaker 1: would depend on on the mass of the thing that

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Speaker 1: it created it. So, for example, say that we know

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Speaker 1: that there's a large black hole at the center of

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Speaker 1: our galaxy. There are large black holes and supermassive black

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Speaker 1: holes at the center of most big at all big galaxies,

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Speaker 1: and these are the type if they did have wormholes

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Speaker 1: connected to them. And again this is speculation with these

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Speaker 1: are black holes, not wormholes. But in theory you could

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Speaker 1: enter such a black hole because you wouldn't be ripped

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Speaker 1: apart by the huge tidal forces that you would buy

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Speaker 1: a smaller black hole. We also know that large stars

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Speaker 1: when they collapse at the end, when they explode and

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Speaker 1: then the core collapses at the end of their lives,

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Speaker 1: they formed black holes too. But you went near one

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Speaker 1: of those, you'd be ripped apart because the gravitational field

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Speaker 1: is so intense and the title force as so great,

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Speaker 1: you would be ripped apart. But in a larger black hole,

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Speaker 1: it's a more gentle passage. So in theory you could

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Speaker 1: possibly enter one of those and survive it. M what

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Speaker 1: are the probabilities of these things really happening, David, I mean,

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Speaker 1: are they pretty would? I mean, if you were a

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Speaker 1: betting man, would you say it's probably going to happen.

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Speaker 1: It probably does happen. Yes, I think so. We know

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Speaker 1: of a lot of weird stuff now, weird math, but

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Speaker 1: weird physics and weird science in general. We we we

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Speaker 1: were quite happy. Now Physicists are quite happy to talk

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Speaker 1: about an almost infinite number of other universes. We're quite

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Speaker 1: happy to explore the ideas of using wormholes, for example,

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Speaker 1: for time travel. We're quite happy to talk about them.

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Speaker 1: Twenty six dimensions. So yes, in principle and in the future,

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Speaker 1: and certainly not tomorrow or possibly within our lifetimes, but

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Speaker 1: in the future, I think such things will be possible. Yes.

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Speaker 1: Listen to more Coast to Coast a m every weeknight

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