1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:04,800 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the all new Toyota Corolla. Welcome 2 00:00:04,840 --> 00:00:14,360 Speaker 1: to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 3 00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:17,160 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark and Minis Charles. 4 00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:19,919 Speaker 1: If you Chuck Bright and this is Stuffy should Know 5 00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:27,280 Speaker 1: the podcast. Greetings, This is not a Capital Punishment show, 6 00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:32,279 Speaker 1: although we will deal with that obviously, but we at 7 00:00:32,320 --> 00:00:34,640 Speaker 1: some point we'll probably do a full episode on Capital Punished. 8 00:00:34,920 --> 00:00:37,360 Speaker 1: I would guess, don't you imagine, because we have an 9 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:39,400 Speaker 1: article on it, and uh, we're gonna touch on it 10 00:00:39,479 --> 00:00:42,760 Speaker 1: here with leagal injections. Yeah, and just coming across some 11 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:46,120 Speaker 1: stuff on the electric electric Chair that to me seems 12 00:00:46,159 --> 00:00:49,000 Speaker 1: like it deserves its own episode as well. It's because 13 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:50,680 Speaker 1: it's so nuts. It sounds like we're cooking up a 14 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:55,000 Speaker 1: sweet Yeah, the Capital Christian. See we come up with 15 00:00:55,040 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: the best sweets, don't we. Well, it's a big deal. 16 00:00:57,280 --> 00:01:00,160 Speaker 1: You know, it's important I agree to cover, you know, know, 17 00:01:00,440 --> 00:01:05,520 Speaker 1: um Chuck. About fourteen hours ago, a guy named Joseph 18 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:10,120 Speaker 1: Paul Franklin. I can't remember what he his birth name was, 19 00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:12,720 Speaker 1: but he legally changed his name to Joseph Paul after 20 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:16,840 Speaker 1: in honor of Joseph Paul Gebel's the Natzi propagandist. What 21 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:19,640 Speaker 1: a nice guy ust to change his name to that, right, 22 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:24,039 Speaker 1: So Missouri just executed him at twelve oh one Wednesday, 23 00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:29,360 Speaker 1: November it was today the nine, one of those two. 24 00:01:29,760 --> 00:01:34,280 Speaker 1: And actually Hustler publisher Larry Flint was making a big 25 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:37,520 Speaker 1: hubub trying to keep the man from being killed, which 26 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:40,440 Speaker 1: was somewhat ironic, although not really if you followed Larry 27 00:01:40,480 --> 00:01:43,520 Speaker 1: Flint's career, because he was the man who supposedly shot 28 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:47,080 Speaker 1: Larry Flint and paralyzed him for life supposedly. Was he 29 00:01:47,120 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: not convicted of that? No, he he confessed to it, 30 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:52,360 Speaker 1: and it was quite possible. The reason that he gave 31 00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:57,160 Speaker 1: for doing it was because Um, Hustler had had some um, 32 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:03,240 Speaker 1: some interracial spread that the guy didn't like, and he 33 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:06,600 Speaker 1: was targeting in a racial couples. He shot a couple 34 00:02:06,680 --> 00:02:10,760 Speaker 1: of black kids in Ohio, I believe um. And he 35 00:02:10,800 --> 00:02:14,880 Speaker 1: was killed in Missouri because he randomly picked St. Louis 36 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:16,840 Speaker 1: out of the phone book and went and found a 37 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:19,600 Speaker 1: synagogue and just sat outside and took shots at people 38 00:02:19,639 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: as they came out of a bar. Mitzvah. So he's racist, 39 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:26,080 Speaker 1: he's an anti semite. He also had serious mental health 40 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,320 Speaker 1: issues as well. Um. Andy shot Larry Flint. Um. But 41 00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:33,359 Speaker 1: he was executed. And the whole reason that Larry Flint 42 00:02:33,520 --> 00:02:37,360 Speaker 1: was creating this hubub about not killing this guy one 43 00:02:37,520 --> 00:02:40,400 Speaker 1: Flint head of famous quote from the last news cycle 44 00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:42,360 Speaker 1: that he didn't think the government should be in the 45 00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:45,160 Speaker 1: business of killing people. So he's against capital punishment anyway. 46 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:47,880 Speaker 1: You can say it like Larry Flint, I don't do 47 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:49,920 Speaker 1: a very good Larry Flint. He put some marbles in 48 00:02:49,960 --> 00:02:54,320 Speaker 1: your own you're gonna try. Um. So he he just 49 00:02:54,360 --> 00:02:57,240 Speaker 1: doesn't think that the death penalties a good thing anyway. 50 00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:00,679 Speaker 1: He's an abolitionist, you would say. Um. And then secondly, 51 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:05,160 Speaker 1: he he filed a suit to have the name of 52 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:08,280 Speaker 1: the supplier of the drug that was going to be 53 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:13,240 Speaker 1: used in the lethal injection revealed unsealed because it's secret 54 00:03:13,800 --> 00:03:16,400 Speaker 1: and it's not supposed to be secret. But as we'll 55 00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:19,720 Speaker 1: find out, states recently have had to scramble to come 56 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:23,880 Speaker 1: up with the drugs to execute prisoners of the state. Yeah, 57 00:03:24,280 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 1: there's a big thing going on that we'll talk about. 58 00:03:26,520 --> 00:03:31,120 Speaker 1: But that was the most recent UH execution in the 59 00:03:31,200 --> 00:03:34,480 Speaker 1: United States. Makes thirty five for the year, and all 60 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:37,760 Speaker 1: but one of those were lethal injections, the other one 61 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:41,520 Speaker 1: being the electric chair. Yeah, it is fast become the 62 00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:45,360 Speaker 1: go to method for most states in many countries. If 63 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:51,040 Speaker 1: you're gonna get capital punishment going, then probably gonna do 64 00:03:51,040 --> 00:03:53,120 Speaker 1: it by way of lethal injection these days. Yeah, and 65 00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:56,480 Speaker 1: but it's also the newest one too, And it came 66 00:03:56,480 --> 00:04:00,520 Speaker 1: out of this um this well, basically it amounted to 67 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:04,720 Speaker 1: an abolitionist movement in the nineteen sixties and seventies that 68 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:07,120 Speaker 1: saw it to just get rid of the death penalty. 69 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:11,000 Speaker 1: And that was the third major movement in the United 70 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 1: States since the late eighteenth century where people were just 71 00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:18,680 Speaker 1: trying to get rid of capital punishment altogether. Yeah, they 72 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:22,839 Speaker 1: did halt at nineteen seventy two after Supreme Court ruling 73 00:04:22,880 --> 00:04:27,599 Speaker 1: Firman the Georgia. Uh. And they are remember reading about 74 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:31,080 Speaker 1: this later. Obviously I didn't read nineteen seventy two. I've 75 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,680 Speaker 1: been very advanced one year old. But they said it 76 00:04:34,680 --> 00:04:38,160 Speaker 1: was cruel and unusual under the Eighth Amendment, violating the 77 00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:40,920 Speaker 1: Eighth Amendment of the Constitution. And then but four years 78 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:45,159 Speaker 1: later they reversed that in greg versus Georgia, and UM said, 79 00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:47,599 Speaker 1: you know, what maybe that is cool on your usual, 80 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:50,120 Speaker 1: So let's come up with a way that's not. And 81 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:53,560 Speaker 1: they came up with lethal injection. Yeah. And the reason 82 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:55,599 Speaker 1: why that cruel and unusual I had a lot of 83 00:04:55,680 --> 00:05:00,640 Speaker 1: traction was because, um, there were hangings before, and hangings 84 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:03,880 Speaker 1: are very very messy. If the news isn't right, the 85 00:05:03,920 --> 00:05:07,200 Speaker 1: head can pop right off, or if the neck isn't broken, 86 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:09,640 Speaker 1: the person just hangs there and suffocates for a minute 87 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:13,280 Speaker 1: or two and then dies. Um. And then electrocution is 88 00:05:13,360 --> 00:05:15,760 Speaker 1: really really awful too. I was reading a list of 89 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:21,760 Speaker 1: botched executions, and electrocutions are very frequently botched. People their 90 00:05:21,800 --> 00:05:24,000 Speaker 1: heads catch fire, blood comes out of their eyes. It's 91 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:27,760 Speaker 1: really awful stuff. So there was this idea that the 92 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:32,679 Speaker 1: whole point of this it's retributive. It's you did something 93 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:35,480 Speaker 1: so bad that we as a society have decided that 94 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:39,840 Speaker 1: you can't live any longer. But we as a society 95 00:05:39,920 --> 00:05:42,680 Speaker 1: aren't as cruel as you are. You know, the point 96 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:44,560 Speaker 1: isn't to make you suffer. It's just to take your 97 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:48,920 Speaker 1: life and to do it in the most humane way possible. Well, electrocution, hanging, 98 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:51,920 Speaker 1: gas chamber, none of those really fit the bill. So 99 00:05:52,080 --> 00:05:54,520 Speaker 1: somebody came up with the idea of lethal injection, but 100 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:57,039 Speaker 1: this wasn't the first time that was proposed. The first 101 00:05:57,040 --> 00:06:00,800 Speaker 1: time was in the nineteenth century, I think. I yeah, yeah, 102 00:06:00,800 --> 00:06:05,120 Speaker 1: there was a guy named Julius mount Briar, and he 103 00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:08,000 Speaker 1: was a doctor out in New York who said, you know, 104 00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 1: this would work because it would be efficient, humane, and 105 00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:14,400 Speaker 1: it would keep the person from having UM. Some sort 106 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:17,840 Speaker 1: of hero status developed around them that sometimes comes from 107 00:06:17,839 --> 00:06:22,000 Speaker 1: people who are hanged. But they went with electrocution instead. Well, 108 00:06:22,040 --> 00:06:26,039 Speaker 1: in the US became the first country to use lethal injection, 109 00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:30,599 Speaker 1: and like we said, since then it's really become predominant. UM. 110 00:06:30,640 --> 00:06:35,279 Speaker 1: I think the current number of states that have the 111 00:06:35,320 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: death penalty is thirty two as of today. Yeah, but 112 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:43,240 Speaker 1: it's tough because states are have been repealing it. It's 113 00:06:43,279 --> 00:06:46,160 Speaker 1: dropping like flies. I don't know about like flies, but 114 00:06:46,440 --> 00:06:51,200 Speaker 1: maybe like honey bees. Right, and those are those are 115 00:06:51,320 --> 00:06:55,400 Speaker 1: states that have taken the possibility of capital punishment off 116 00:06:55,440 --> 00:06:59,080 Speaker 1: of their books. Right. So um, Well, you know thirty 117 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:02,000 Speaker 1: two or is the number that have the death penalty? Right? 118 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:06,920 Speaker 1: Thirty two have a death penalty um not necessarily meaning 119 00:07:06,920 --> 00:07:10,880 Speaker 1: that they used that in the past year. Necessarily there's 120 00:07:10,920 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 1: something called de facto abolition, which is basically like, yeah, 121 00:07:14,040 --> 00:07:16,360 Speaker 1: it's on our books, but we haven't used it in 122 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: so long that we might as well not even have 123 00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:23,080 Speaker 1: the death penalty. Um. So Chuck, Like we said, lethal 124 00:07:23,120 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: injection is the it's the most frequently used method in 125 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:31,119 Speaker 1: the United States, and it's fast becoming the same around 126 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,480 Speaker 1: the world. China picked it up after the United States 127 00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:39,120 Speaker 1: and they replaced their shootings. UM. And that kind of 128 00:07:39,200 --> 00:07:42,040 Speaker 1: led to it seems like almost a domino effect throughout 129 00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:45,360 Speaker 1: Asia of other countries picking it up as well. Yeah, 130 00:07:45,400 --> 00:07:50,200 Speaker 1: the Philippines, Taiwan, uh, Guatemala there in Central America. UM, 131 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:54,480 Speaker 1: they have all gone to lethal injection. And right now 132 00:07:54,640 --> 00:07:57,800 Speaker 1: I have in two thousand twelve, fifty eight countries used 133 00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:05,360 Speaker 1: lethal injection and down from sixty seven UH and sixty 134 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:10,200 Speaker 1: three in and a hundred and forty countries of outlawed 135 00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:13,040 Speaker 1: the death penalty worldwide. So and like you said, states 136 00:08:13,040 --> 00:08:16,960 Speaker 1: are kind of starting to abolish it. Yeah, executions are 137 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,000 Speaker 1: down in general in the United States last year there 138 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 1: were forty three. This year, like we said, there's been 139 00:08:21,960 --> 00:08:25,880 Speaker 1: thirty five and we're fast closing out the year. UM. 140 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:30,440 Speaker 1: But lethal injection is the go to method of execution, 141 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:33,880 Speaker 1: and so we're going to figure out how it works. 142 00:08:34,040 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 1: That's right. Right now. There are three thousand, one hundred 143 00:08:36,800 --> 00:08:39,960 Speaker 1: and eight people as of spring of this year on 144 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:44,040 Speaker 1: death row or male of course, because you don't find 145 00:08:44,040 --> 00:08:46,839 Speaker 1: a lot of females on death row, because they're smart 146 00:08:46,920 --> 00:08:50,320 Speaker 1: enough to not to kill other people generally speaking. Is 147 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:54,000 Speaker 1: that what it is? Yeah, women are much smart. Um. 148 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:55,720 Speaker 1: A lot of these folks have been on death row 149 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:59,680 Speaker 1: for decades waiting to die. Maybe they're working through the 150 00:08:59,679 --> 00:09:03,800 Speaker 1: appeal process because that all has to happen first. Um, 151 00:09:03,960 --> 00:09:07,240 Speaker 1: some will die on death row without ever going into 152 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:11,440 Speaker 1: an execution chamber. Yeah, it happens. Some people uh commit 153 00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:14,400 Speaker 1: or try to commit suicide before they can be executed 154 00:09:14,440 --> 00:09:16,920 Speaker 1: after their appeals run out. Sure, there's a guy in 155 00:09:16,960 --> 00:09:21,240 Speaker 1: Georgia who almost successfully killed himself. He cut his carotid 156 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:25,680 Speaker 1: artery um with what I wonder, razor that guarded given 157 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:29,400 Speaker 1: him I guess to shave with. Ostensibly the razor and 158 00:09:29,480 --> 00:09:32,400 Speaker 1: the guy they rushed into the hospital, saved his life 159 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:36,880 Speaker 1: and then executed him a week later. Wow, it's a 160 00:09:36,880 --> 00:09:41,120 Speaker 1: funny country. Um, So you're on death row, you've exhausted 161 00:09:41,120 --> 00:09:44,640 Speaker 1: your appeals. Um, you're finally going to get that execution 162 00:09:44,720 --> 00:09:46,800 Speaker 1: order and a date will be set in place for 163 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:49,400 Speaker 1: that execution. UM. At this point, you're going to be 164 00:09:49,440 --> 00:09:53,640 Speaker 1: moved from death row to a place called death watch, 165 00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:57,440 Speaker 1: and that is basically the that's the last stop. That's 166 00:09:57,480 --> 00:10:00,959 Speaker 1: your holding area for the last days or weeks, right. Um. 167 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:03,240 Speaker 1: So death watch is both a physical place like it's 168 00:10:03,240 --> 00:10:06,320 Speaker 1: it's frequently in the same part of the prison that 169 00:10:06,400 --> 00:10:10,360 Speaker 1: the execution chamber is located, or it might be in 170 00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:14,439 Speaker 1: another prison entirely. Some states just maintain one execution chamber 171 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:16,240 Speaker 1: for the whole state and it's at a certain prison, 172 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:18,880 Speaker 1: so you'd be transferred to that place. And then death 173 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:22,000 Speaker 1: watch also is supposedly they're supposed to watch you so 174 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:25,600 Speaker 1: you don't commit suicide. Um. And it's also your I 175 00:10:25,640 --> 00:10:28,000 Speaker 1: think rights kind of open up a little more. You're 176 00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:32,839 Speaker 1: you get visits from people. UM, you your treatment is 177 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:35,079 Speaker 1: a little better. I think you you get a room 178 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:39,520 Speaker 1: with a view, as it were, um, and you're you 179 00:10:39,559 --> 00:10:43,320 Speaker 1: start the preparation of of dying and saying goodbye and 180 00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:46,319 Speaker 1: of coming to terms with the fact that it's happening. Yeah, 181 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:48,360 Speaker 1: you know, the state of Texas has these death watch 182 00:10:48,400 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 1: rooms that um on highway exits. Most highway exits, you 183 00:10:53,640 --> 00:10:56,000 Speaker 1: get your gas station, your subway, and your yeah, in 184 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:59,559 Speaker 1: your death watch room. I'm kidding, but Texas execuse a 185 00:10:59,600 --> 00:11:03,200 Speaker 1: lot of be it does Texas bears. They execute a lot. 186 00:11:03,240 --> 00:11:06,440 Speaker 1: But they're not the only ones that have all sorts 187 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:10,840 Speaker 1: of weirdness going on. Apparently two percent of counties account 188 00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:13,920 Speaker 1: for like fifty to seventy percent of executions in the 189 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:16,679 Speaker 1: United States. It just seems like Texas comes up all 190 00:11:16,679 --> 00:11:20,040 Speaker 1: the time when they're like the last time this method 191 00:11:20,080 --> 00:11:21,959 Speaker 1: was used or the first time this method was used 192 00:11:22,400 --> 00:11:24,960 Speaker 1: Texas well, Texas was the first one to use lethal injection, 193 00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:27,880 Speaker 1: Like you said, um, and yeah, they kill a lot 194 00:11:27,880 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 1: of people there. Not picking on you Texas. I love 195 00:11:30,559 --> 00:11:34,480 Speaker 1: you guys. No here, I've got one Alabama. In Alabama, 196 00:11:35,000 --> 00:11:38,520 Speaker 1: Uh it is um, it takes a unanimous jury to 197 00:11:38,920 --> 00:11:41,720 Speaker 1: hand down a life sentence, but it takes ten of 198 00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:45,360 Speaker 1: twelve to hand down a death sentence. Yeah, and a 199 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:49,200 Speaker 1: judge can over rule um, a jury a life sentence 200 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:52,120 Speaker 1: jury yeah, and say no, this person needs a death penalty, 201 00:11:52,200 --> 00:11:55,480 Speaker 1: and they do it frequently. Interesting. We'll pick on Georgia 202 00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:57,480 Speaker 1: two in a minute. Okay, Well, Georgia was the one 203 00:11:57,520 --> 00:12:00,040 Speaker 1: that executed the guy after saving his life after a 204 00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:04,200 Speaker 1: suicide attempt. All right, great, uh, I just want to 205 00:12:04,200 --> 00:12:06,440 Speaker 1: make sure we dolled out enough, you know, embarrassment for 206 00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:10,959 Speaker 1: each state. So, um, you're on death watch. You can 207 00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:14,640 Speaker 1: be visited more often, generally by friends and family. We're 208 00:12:14,679 --> 00:12:17,800 Speaker 1: in like the last twenty four hours. If now, um, 209 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:20,640 Speaker 1: your attorneys, spiritual advisors, you're gonna get your last meal. 210 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,280 Speaker 1: That is not a fallacy. Whatever you want, they'll prepare 211 00:12:24,280 --> 00:12:27,360 Speaker 1: for you. No, that's not necessarily true. Well it depends. 212 00:12:27,480 --> 00:12:30,920 Speaker 1: Generally they satisfy your desire. But when does it not 213 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:35,280 Speaker 1: get satisfied? What state doesn't do that? Really? Yeah? Um, 214 00:12:35,320 --> 00:12:38,080 Speaker 1: there is a legislation that was passed after this one. 215 00:12:38,720 --> 00:12:43,320 Speaker 1: This one inmate ordered a meat Lover's pizza, like twenty 216 00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:46,880 Speaker 1: four tacos, like like this awesome spread that Just reading it, 217 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:49,320 Speaker 1: I was like, oh man, I'm kind of hungry for this. 218 00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:51,959 Speaker 1: Reading about this this man's last meal, and they didn't 219 00:12:51,960 --> 00:12:55,199 Speaker 1: need any of it even still, there's probably two dollars 220 00:12:55,240 --> 00:12:57,680 Speaker 1: with the food. But it caused enough outrage in the 221 00:12:57,720 --> 00:13:00,200 Speaker 1: state legislature that they passed the thing where it's like 222 00:13:00,520 --> 00:13:04,160 Speaker 1: you can have whatever the prison cafeteria is cooking that night, 223 00:13:04,160 --> 00:13:07,320 Speaker 1: that's your last meal. Yeah, there's a really great article 224 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:11,680 Speaker 1: in Lapham's quarterly online for free called Last Meal. Go 225 00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:14,920 Speaker 1: check it out. It's just basically this awesome history and 226 00:13:14,960 --> 00:13:19,440 Speaker 1: contemporary evaluation of last meals. That's pretty sad, it is, 227 00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:21,640 Speaker 1: but it's really interesting what it says. Like there's a 228 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:25,040 Speaker 1: guy in Arkansas who was executed in the nineties. His 229 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:28,040 Speaker 1: name was Verry Leaf fair Child, and he pointed out 230 00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:30,000 Speaker 1: that it doesn't make a lot of sense to give 231 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,439 Speaker 1: a condemned person a last meal. He said it was 232 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:34,640 Speaker 1: quote like putting gas in a car that don't have 233 00:13:34,679 --> 00:13:38,520 Speaker 1: no motor but like you have no need to take 234 00:13:38,559 --> 00:13:41,120 Speaker 1: in food because you have no need to derive the 235 00:13:41,200 --> 00:13:43,160 Speaker 1: energy from it any longer because you're about to lose 236 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:46,480 Speaker 1: your life. Well, it's not about deriving energy. It's about 237 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:50,079 Speaker 1: enjoying one last thing. But if you look at if 238 00:13:50,080 --> 00:13:54,640 Speaker 1: you look at the capital punishment system, that's it makes 239 00:13:54,679 --> 00:13:58,400 Speaker 1: no sense. It's it's interesting. I say, go read the article. Little. 240 00:13:58,559 --> 00:14:00,959 Speaker 1: I'm not getting the point across very well. Well, I mean, 241 00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:03,000 Speaker 1: I see what he's saying, but it's not like you 242 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:06,080 Speaker 1: gotta fuel up for the big day. It's like, here, 243 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:08,480 Speaker 1: enjoy a steak. Yeah, I know, I'm just saying like 244 00:14:08,520 --> 00:14:09,920 Speaker 1: it flies in the face of the rest of the 245 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,600 Speaker 1: criminal justice system. Oh well, sure, enjoy the steak then, 246 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:16,559 Speaker 1: you know. And time was they used to get you drunk, 247 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:20,280 Speaker 1: like beforehand. If you're going to get hanged in London, 248 00:14:20,720 --> 00:14:23,760 Speaker 1: like from the prison to the gallows, they would stop 249 00:14:23,800 --> 00:14:25,640 Speaker 1: and you they'd let you drink as much as you 250 00:14:25,680 --> 00:14:28,440 Speaker 1: want and and then would take you super drunk and 251 00:14:28,560 --> 00:14:31,080 Speaker 1: kill you. Yeah, that's interesting because that could provide a 252 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:36,720 Speaker 1: more docile um victim or a really weepy one, which 253 00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:39,600 Speaker 1: would be really like someone who starts causing lots of trouble. 254 00:14:39,680 --> 00:14:41,640 Speaker 1: You know, yeah, he wants to fight one last time 255 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:46,400 Speaker 1: exactly right. But apparently I read somewhere that they sedate criminals. 256 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:50,840 Speaker 1: Are they condemned here first? So that's kind of like 257 00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:54,160 Speaker 1: a modern incarnation of taking him and getting him drunk, 258 00:14:54,280 --> 00:14:58,840 Speaker 1: handing him a volume. Okay, so you've had your last meal, 259 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:03,120 Speaker 1: which may or not be awesome depending on where you live. Um, 260 00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:05,520 Speaker 1: your warden and your chaplain are going to visit. They're 261 00:15:05,520 --> 00:15:08,560 Speaker 1: gonna stay with you till the end. Unless you don't 262 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:10,800 Speaker 1: want them there. You can probably refuse any kind of 263 00:15:10,800 --> 00:15:16,040 Speaker 1: religious associations if you want, um witnesses. Uh, well, we'll 264 00:15:16,080 --> 00:15:19,800 Speaker 1: get to all that. But the witnesses arrive at this point. Um, 265 00:15:19,840 --> 00:15:21,640 Speaker 1: they're kept away from you though. They don't get to 266 00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:24,920 Speaker 1: like walk by and say things to you. No. As 267 00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:28,200 Speaker 1: a matter of fact, most witnesses are required well in 268 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:32,800 Speaker 1: Texas they can take pot shots. Are over there shooters, Um, 269 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:37,880 Speaker 1: sorry Texas. Uh. They the witnesses and pretty much across 270 00:15:37,880 --> 00:15:40,720 Speaker 1: the board I'm sure, are required to be totally silent 271 00:15:40,800 --> 00:15:44,000 Speaker 1: the whole time they leave and are brought into the 272 00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:47,520 Speaker 1: to the execution area. Yeah, not like the people outside 273 00:15:47,520 --> 00:15:50,560 Speaker 1: of prisons who are making lots of noise. Usually the 274 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:55,040 Speaker 1: other protest or or kill them, kill them. That's as 275 00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:58,800 Speaker 1: ugly as this country gets. Man. When you see the 276 00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:03,600 Speaker 1: footage of people out side prisons, it controversial executions, it's 277 00:16:03,640 --> 00:16:07,320 Speaker 1: pretty bad. Uh. And then their final preparations, they're gonna 278 00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:11,080 Speaker 1: give you clean clothes, Uh, but you take the last 279 00:16:11,080 --> 00:16:14,800 Speaker 1: showers or shower get dressed. Uh, and then connect you 280 00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:19,080 Speaker 1: to the old e K g um, which is gonna 281 00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:21,680 Speaker 1: you know, let everyone know if you're gone, if we're 282 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:23,760 Speaker 1: still with them. Yeah, they hooked the e k G 283 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:25,960 Speaker 1: up to you. It's not hooked anything yet, but they've 284 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,840 Speaker 1: got it like a you're wired exactly and then what's 285 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:34,280 Speaker 1: your showered and dressed and wired up with the n 286 00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:37,000 Speaker 1: e KG and the warden and the chaplain are hanging 287 00:16:37,040 --> 00:16:41,040 Speaker 1: out with you. Um, at the predetermined time, they will 288 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:47,080 Speaker 1: start to move you into the execution chamber and UM. 289 00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:51,480 Speaker 1: Meanwhile the witnesses are there. And let's talk about the witnesses. Like, 290 00:16:51,840 --> 00:16:55,800 Speaker 1: the fact that there are witnesses at executions is actually 291 00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:59,680 Speaker 1: the modern incarnation of a very long tradition. Like we 292 00:16:59,800 --> 00:17:02,400 Speaker 1: used to have public executions in this country. Yeah, like 293 00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:06,320 Speaker 1: thousands of people would show up. Sometimes they would charge admission. Uh, 294 00:17:06,359 --> 00:17:09,639 Speaker 1: And eventually that stopped and only a select number of 295 00:17:09,640 --> 00:17:13,600 Speaker 1: people were allowed to witness. But well, they're still witnesses. 296 00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:16,080 Speaker 1: You know. Have you read about the last public execution 297 00:17:16,640 --> 00:17:20,600 Speaker 1: there was? I didn't either, Okay, so I thought you're 298 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:23,840 Speaker 1: asking just about it. Um. There was a guy named 299 00:17:23,920 --> 00:17:27,080 Speaker 1: Rainey Bethia in Kentucky who was hanged in nineteen thirty 300 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:30,639 Speaker 1: six for rape and murder I think, um, and his 301 00:17:30,760 --> 00:17:34,560 Speaker 1: execution was attended by twenty people. The big reason was 302 00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:37,200 Speaker 1: it's not because they knew it was the last public execution. 303 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:39,960 Speaker 1: I think they decided to stop that. After this execution. 304 00:17:40,080 --> 00:17:43,479 Speaker 1: There was a Kentucky basketball game after. Um, the sheriff 305 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:45,240 Speaker 1: was a woman, So this is going to be the 306 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:48,720 Speaker 1: first execution in US history ever conducted by a woman, 307 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:51,399 Speaker 1: and people wanted to go see how badly she was 308 00:17:51,440 --> 00:17:54,400 Speaker 1: going to screw this up. And even though she didn't, 309 00:17:54,440 --> 00:17:57,960 Speaker 1: the press still wrote that she'd fainted. Um that like 310 00:17:58,040 --> 00:18:00,480 Speaker 1: everything had been botched or whatever. But that's why everybody 311 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:02,960 Speaker 1: turned out. But there were charges from out of town 312 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,080 Speaker 1: reporters that people were having hanging parties, that they were 313 00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:08,919 Speaker 1: drunk in the streets partying. That basically there was just 314 00:18:09,359 --> 00:18:13,560 Speaker 1: a sense of revelry that shouldn't attend uh an execution. 315 00:18:14,280 --> 00:18:16,720 Speaker 1: And that was the last draw for public executions in 316 00:18:16,760 --> 00:18:19,640 Speaker 1: this country. But it got. It got the the idea 317 00:18:19,720 --> 00:18:23,840 Speaker 1: that you need to have other people witness a death 318 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:26,400 Speaker 1: when the states executing somebody, just to make sure it's 319 00:18:26,400 --> 00:18:32,960 Speaker 1: totally transparent. That was carried on with witnesses today and executions. Yeah, 320 00:18:32,960 --> 00:18:34,560 Speaker 1: I mean that's part of it too, And part of 321 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:38,000 Speaker 1: it is also to give victims closure, the families that 322 00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:42,080 Speaker 1: is of victims. Uh, there will be sometimes family members 323 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:46,080 Speaker 1: of the prisoner too, and they are generally kept apart um, 324 00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:51,000 Speaker 1: not all, not always generally yea. Um, the prison warden 325 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:54,200 Speaker 1: is going to be there. Uh, you're gonna have medical 326 00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:56,439 Speaker 1: people on hand of course, to make sure it all 327 00:18:56,480 --> 00:18:58,800 Speaker 1: goes as planned, which is pretty controversial, as will find. 328 00:18:59,560 --> 00:19:02,120 Speaker 1: You got your spiritual advisor. Like we talked about unt 329 00:19:02,119 --> 00:19:06,479 Speaker 1: your guards, Um, state selected witnesses maybe, I mean there 330 00:19:06,560 --> 00:19:10,200 Speaker 1: might be members of the state government there to watch 331 00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:12,880 Speaker 1: it all go down. Yeah, you've got media there. Um. 332 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:16,639 Speaker 1: You also have what are known as reputable citizens, and 333 00:19:16,640 --> 00:19:21,680 Speaker 1: those are basically just average everyday citizens that witness executions. 334 00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:23,919 Speaker 1: Is it like a lottery or something. No, it's like 335 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:26,240 Speaker 1: you contact your state d O C and say, hey, 336 00:19:26,280 --> 00:19:28,560 Speaker 1: I wanna I want to witness an execution, and they 337 00:19:28,600 --> 00:19:31,159 Speaker 1: send you an application for him. You explain why you 338 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:33,640 Speaker 1: have to be over eighteen. You have to explain why 339 00:19:33,720 --> 00:19:37,080 Speaker 1: you want to do this. But apparently the pool is 340 00:19:37,119 --> 00:19:39,840 Speaker 1: thin enough that they're not real selective. As long as 341 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:41,440 Speaker 1: you don't say, like because I want to see him 342 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:45,440 Speaker 1: like bleed or something like that, they they will let 343 00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:48,720 Speaker 1: you do this. Um. And apparently when there was a 344 00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:53,720 Speaker 1: surge in executions in the nineties, chuck Um. Departments of 345 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:56,280 Speaker 1: corrections were so hard up because a lot of state 346 00:19:56,480 --> 00:19:59,560 Speaker 1: law says you have to have six reputable citizens or 347 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:03,479 Speaker 1: twelve beautiful citizens. That their pool was running thin, So 348 00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:07,920 Speaker 1: departments of corrections were actually advertising looking for people to 349 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:14,399 Speaker 1: witness executions. It's just that hold over from having the 350 00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:18,199 Speaker 1: public be a part of this state monopoly on violence. 351 00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:20,040 Speaker 1: It's stupid, but so much so that they're trying to 352 00:20:20,080 --> 00:20:22,879 Speaker 1: force it now. Well, I don't think it's a problem anymore. 353 00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:24,680 Speaker 1: It was just in the nineties, like they were killing 354 00:20:24,840 --> 00:20:29,040 Speaker 1: everybody in the nineties. Yeah, alright, so you've got your 355 00:20:29,040 --> 00:20:34,880 Speaker 1: witnesses there. Um, Your your execution chambers may have um 356 00:20:35,240 --> 00:20:38,000 Speaker 1: clear glass with a curtain pulled, maybe a one way 357 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,680 Speaker 1: mirror where you can only see into the executed, into 358 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:46,840 Speaker 1: the condemned. Um. It all depends on your state, basically, 359 00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:49,440 Speaker 1: but it's generally going to be a pretty quiet thing 360 00:20:50,560 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: no matter where you are. It's the whole group of 361 00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:55,480 Speaker 1: people that are just being utterly silent watching you, or 362 00:20:55,520 --> 00:20:57,600 Speaker 1: if it's there's too many family members, they might have 363 00:20:57,640 --> 00:21:00,320 Speaker 1: a close circuit feed going on in another room. Yeah, 364 00:21:00,400 --> 00:21:03,040 Speaker 1: if it's like, you know, it's not roomy. And apparently 365 00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:05,360 Speaker 1: in Illinois, if you're a family member, the only way 366 00:21:05,359 --> 00:21:07,639 Speaker 1: you can witness it is via close circuit TV in 367 00:21:07,640 --> 00:21:13,160 Speaker 1: another room in Illinois. In Illinois. All right, that's another state. 368 00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:15,240 Speaker 1: That's a new one. We haven't mentioned Illinois. Yeah. Yeah, 369 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,680 Speaker 1: we didn't really make fun of them, though, I guess 370 00:21:17,680 --> 00:21:20,679 Speaker 1: they're execution chambers. Small. Yeah, you can make fun of them, 371 00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:24,800 Speaker 1: the enemy seats in their nice state budget. Um, you've 372 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:28,800 Speaker 1: got your timeline of events. It's all very much scheduled, 373 00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:32,880 Speaker 1: like down to the minute. Um, you're gonna have your 374 00:21:33,840 --> 00:21:37,400 Speaker 1: person properly dressed, You're gonna escort them into the chamber. 375 00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:40,000 Speaker 1: I was thinking about this when I was reading this article, Chuck. 376 00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:44,159 Speaker 1: Imagine like just taking a shower too fast, and so 377 00:21:44,200 --> 00:21:45,679 Speaker 1: you just kind of have to sit there on the 378 00:21:45,760 --> 00:21:49,400 Speaker 1: edge of the bed with the warden and whatever spiritual 379 00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:53,640 Speaker 1: adviser they throw at you, waiting to go be executed. 380 00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:58,720 Speaker 1: That has to be the worst wait ever. Yeah, Like 381 00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:00,879 Speaker 1: I can't imagine it being towards and that, because they 382 00:22:00,880 --> 00:22:02,879 Speaker 1: can't be like, wow, we'll just get this started early. No, 383 00:22:03,080 --> 00:22:06,520 Speaker 1: everything is on a very delineated schedule and they're just 384 00:22:06,600 --> 00:22:09,240 Speaker 1: gonna have to sit there until the time comes to 385 00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:11,960 Speaker 1: go to the execution chamber to get started. I just 386 00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:14,720 Speaker 1: to take a long shower. That stuck out to me. Yeah, okay, 387 00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:19,800 Speaker 1: the longest shower of your life. Um, the saddest shower 388 00:22:19,800 --> 00:22:22,240 Speaker 1: of your life for sure. Uh. You might be rolled 389 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:24,760 Speaker 1: in like restrained beforehand and rolled in on a journey. 390 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:27,560 Speaker 1: Sometimes you're allowed to walk there yourself, and then you're 391 00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:31,840 Speaker 1: restrained once you're in there. And at that point they 392 00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:35,320 Speaker 1: are going to go ahead and pre rig you with 393 00:22:35,480 --> 00:22:40,159 Speaker 1: the ivy tubes um to lead you in there. And 394 00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:42,919 Speaker 1: then those once you get in there and you're strapped in, 395 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:46,320 Speaker 1: they will be fed into what's called an anti room 396 00:22:46,359 --> 00:22:52,600 Speaker 1: where the actual uh death cocktails await and the executioner awaits. Yeah. 397 00:22:52,680 --> 00:22:56,800 Speaker 1: It's like an enclosed room away from the eyes of everybody, 398 00:22:56,840 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: including the condemned and the witnesses. But you have two tubes. 399 00:23:01,359 --> 00:23:04,800 Speaker 1: Most states required two. There's a backup to one to 400 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:07,719 Speaker 1: serve as a backup. At this point, you have your 401 00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:11,520 Speaker 1: final statement if you so choose. M don't read that 402 00:23:11,560 --> 00:23:13,879 Speaker 1: out loud on the news that night. Yeah, do you 403 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:16,120 Speaker 1: careful what you say? You can go on to Um, 404 00:23:16,119 --> 00:23:19,200 Speaker 1: are we giving advice to throw a night. It just 405 00:23:19,240 --> 00:23:21,840 Speaker 1: s occurred to me that we are. Um. You can 406 00:23:21,880 --> 00:23:25,440 Speaker 1: go on to UH Departments of corrections websites and most 407 00:23:25,520 --> 00:23:27,879 Speaker 1: of them have last statements on there. Some of them 408 00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:32,760 Speaker 1: are what you'd expect summer eerie, I'm sure. Uh. And 409 00:23:32,800 --> 00:23:36,000 Speaker 1: generally the head is unrestrained so they can look around 410 00:23:36,040 --> 00:23:38,680 Speaker 1: and stuff, although sometimes they do have like a hood 411 00:23:38,720 --> 00:23:41,439 Speaker 1: or a sheet. Again, it depends on the state and 412 00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:45,480 Speaker 1: how they do it. So the the condemned is strapped 413 00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:48,600 Speaker 1: into a gurney, strapped down, but their heads under restraint. 414 00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:56,720 Speaker 1: They've got tubes leading into their h the ivy needles. Um, 415 00:23:56,800 --> 00:24:00,439 Speaker 1: and it's ready to go. Yeah. I think now it's 416 00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:01,920 Speaker 1: a good time for message break and then we'll get 417 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:10,560 Speaker 1: into the actual process after. Okay, so, like you said, 418 00:24:10,560 --> 00:24:14,520 Speaker 1: it's go, time for solemn moment. Yeah. Um. For a 419 00:24:14,560 --> 00:24:19,320 Speaker 1: long time states we're using something called a world basically 420 00:24:19,840 --> 00:24:23,520 Speaker 1: an electronic lethal injection machine, which makes sense. It was 421 00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:26,359 Speaker 1: what co working came up with. Basically, it was I'm sure, 422 00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:29,359 Speaker 1: if not directly based on his model, it was at 423 00:24:29,440 --> 00:24:32,960 Speaker 1: least very similar to it. But then they worried about 424 00:24:33,119 --> 00:24:36,280 Speaker 1: mechanical failure. So they said, no humans need to do this. 425 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:40,520 Speaker 1: I think they had mechanical failures, I can imagine. Um. 426 00:24:40,600 --> 00:24:44,080 Speaker 1: And so in some states you have one executioner and 427 00:24:44,119 --> 00:24:47,280 Speaker 1: others you have a couple of executioners. And there again 428 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,160 Speaker 1: they're in this anti room where the actual drugs are 429 00:24:50,520 --> 00:24:53,840 Speaker 1: that the ivtubes are leading to from the execution chamber 430 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:57,840 Speaker 1: into the anti room. Um. And if you have a 431 00:24:57,880 --> 00:25:01,439 Speaker 1: few different ones, a few different execution they're all putting 432 00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:06,240 Speaker 1: drugs into I V tubes, but they none of the 433 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:09,399 Speaker 1: executioners know which one is the real I V tube 434 00:25:09,440 --> 00:25:13,040 Speaker 1: and which one is leading to a mannequin and that 435 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:18,359 Speaker 1: isn't actually a mannequin. Uh that that you know, that 436 00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:20,040 Speaker 1: old trick. Like they used to do the same thing 437 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:21,919 Speaker 1: with flipping the switch too. I think they have like 438 00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:26,040 Speaker 1: several switches firing squads. Yeah, because they don't want the 439 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:28,800 Speaker 1: the one any one person to have that weight. They 440 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,520 Speaker 1: can always think, I guess I had a chance that 441 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:37,040 Speaker 1: it was me, you know, all right, So I guess 442 00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:41,320 Speaker 1: we should move on to the drugs that are used. UM. 443 00:25:41,359 --> 00:25:44,160 Speaker 1: It used to almost always be a three drug cocktail, 444 00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:48,359 Speaker 1: but things are getting weird these days. I've noticed. Originally 445 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:51,000 Speaker 1: it was three drugs. You would have an anesthetic, paralyzing 446 00:25:51,040 --> 00:25:53,879 Speaker 1: agent and a toxic agent, and those were used for 447 00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:59,720 Speaker 1: years and years, and then due to some circumstances a 448 00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:03,439 Speaker 1: bun to different circumstances that converged were in some cases 449 00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:06,080 Speaker 1: down to one like Joseph Paul Franklin was killed with 450 00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:10,000 Speaker 1: just one drug. Well, I looked up almost every single 451 00:26:10,040 --> 00:26:14,240 Speaker 1: execution in two thousand thirteen used a single drug pinto 452 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:19,000 Speaker 1: barbett All, which is an anesthetic. Yeah, and it's basically 453 00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:21,600 Speaker 1: a substitute when they're in short supply of other ones. 454 00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:24,680 Speaker 1: But I did see that it's actually illegal to use 455 00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:28,760 Speaker 1: this drug this way, and the manufacturer is Danish and 456 00:26:28,920 --> 00:26:31,320 Speaker 1: was like, well, no, you can't use our drug that way. 457 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:36,280 Speaker 1: They started fighting people who sold that drug to like 458 00:26:36,359 --> 00:26:40,800 Speaker 1: state agencies exactly, very controversial, and states were trying to 459 00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:43,399 Speaker 1: get this stuff anyway they could. So since it was 460 00:26:43,480 --> 00:26:50,200 Speaker 1: banned for use by correctional facilities for executions, the ultimate correction, 461 00:26:50,520 --> 00:26:54,960 Speaker 1: the d A was actually rating departments of corrections and 462 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:59,200 Speaker 1: taking their drugs. So um because of this band because 463 00:26:59,200 --> 00:27:02,000 Speaker 1: of the drug maker. So first you had the drug 464 00:27:02,080 --> 00:27:07,480 Speaker 1: maker UM that was making pentethal right, and then people 465 00:27:07,480 --> 00:27:09,480 Speaker 1: were like well, how about this. We have propo fall 466 00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:14,080 Speaker 1: that's the anesthetic, right, And so what they were replacing 467 00:27:14,119 --> 00:27:16,919 Speaker 1: it with was propofol, which is Michael Jackson's milk that 468 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:19,240 Speaker 1: killed him. Did we hit it right this time? Yeah? 469 00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:24,680 Speaker 1: Okay um. And then the maker of proper Fall said, uh, well, 470 00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:27,480 Speaker 1: if you you can't use that to execute people, that's 471 00:27:27,480 --> 00:27:29,640 Speaker 1: not what we made this for. And they said, well, 472 00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:31,639 Speaker 1: t s, we're gonna use it anyway. And so the 473 00:27:31,640 --> 00:27:34,520 Speaker 1: maker said, if you use that to kill anybody, we're 474 00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:38,080 Speaker 1: gonna cut off supplies to the entire United States, including hospitals, 475 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:40,320 Speaker 1: and you're gonna have an enormous problem on your hands. 476 00:27:40,680 --> 00:27:44,159 Speaker 1: And so all of the hospitals contacted the departments of 477 00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:46,879 Speaker 1: the corrections and said, do not use that, like, we 478 00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:50,720 Speaker 1: can't have a proper false shortage. So now they're turning 479 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:55,160 Speaker 1: to compounding pharmacies, which are generally regulated mostly by the state, 480 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:58,679 Speaker 1: not so much by the FEDS, and um, trying to 481 00:27:58,680 --> 00:28:00,960 Speaker 1: get their hands anyway they can and on some sort 482 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:07,360 Speaker 1: of general anesthetic. Uh. And the anesthetic ideally UM, if 483 00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:14,000 Speaker 1: they were using pentethal or penel barbital, pintel barbetalia, UM, 484 00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:16,480 Speaker 1: if you were in a hospital and you were put 485 00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:20,960 Speaker 1: under general anesthesia. They would use about a hundred milligrams 486 00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:23,400 Speaker 1: of this stuff delivered over your ten to fifteen seconds, 487 00:28:23,640 --> 00:28:26,159 Speaker 1: and you would be out. It's an anesthetic. You wouldn't 488 00:28:26,160 --> 00:28:30,240 Speaker 1: be asleep, you wouldnt be unconscious. You are under general anesthesia. 489 00:28:30,280 --> 00:28:33,080 Speaker 1: You're not feeling anything, You're not anything. So that's a 490 00:28:33,119 --> 00:28:37,000 Speaker 1: hundred milligrams for just general anesthesia. When you're given a 491 00:28:37,040 --> 00:28:41,240 Speaker 1: lethal injection of penal barbital, they give you five grams, 492 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:45,760 Speaker 1: five thousand milligrams, not a hundred milligrams, five thousand milligrams 493 00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:49,959 Speaker 1: of this stuff, and that's enough to kill you flat out. Um, 494 00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:53,840 Speaker 1: And proponents of lethal injection will say they don't feel 495 00:28:53,840 --> 00:28:57,480 Speaker 1: anything after that, right, and again, that should just be 496 00:28:57,600 --> 00:28:59,080 Speaker 1: enough to kill you, which is why a lot of 497 00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:03,920 Speaker 1: states are just using that one drug. Now. Um. In 498 00:29:03,960 --> 00:29:09,000 Speaker 1: the original lethal injection cocktail, that was step one. Once 499 00:29:09,040 --> 00:29:12,400 Speaker 1: they administered the anesthetic, they would flush the lines with 500 00:29:12,440 --> 00:29:16,720 Speaker 1: saline solution, and then UM they would introduce the next one, 501 00:29:16,720 --> 00:29:20,479 Speaker 1: which is a paralyzing agent. Yeah, that's basically a the 502 00:29:20,480 --> 00:29:24,400 Speaker 1: heaviest duty muscle relaxant you could ever imagine, because it 503 00:29:24,520 --> 00:29:27,920 Speaker 1: relaxes your muscle so much that your diaphragms and lungs 504 00:29:27,960 --> 00:29:32,080 Speaker 1: don't function any longer. Yeah, that's a serious muscle relaxing, right, 505 00:29:32,120 --> 00:29:34,960 Speaker 1: So you just you stop breathing. So that's that's way 506 00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:38,000 Speaker 1: to die number two, and that takes about one to 507 00:29:38,080 --> 00:29:41,320 Speaker 1: three minutes for that one to take effect fully. So 508 00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:44,640 Speaker 1: then that one's been kind of abandoned because it's been 509 00:29:44,680 --> 00:29:48,120 Speaker 1: criticized or the use of it's been criticized because a 510 00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:50,520 Speaker 1: lot of people point out that that's really for the 511 00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:54,440 Speaker 1: witnesses because without it, when somebody's dying, a lot of 512 00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:57,959 Speaker 1: times they will writhe, they will gasp for breath, they 513 00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:01,840 Speaker 1: will um, they're back while arch as much as it can. 514 00:30:01,880 --> 00:30:05,160 Speaker 1: When it's strapped down to a gurney. When you administer 515 00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:08,440 Speaker 1: a paralyzing agent, none of that happens. So the witnesses 516 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:10,560 Speaker 1: are like, oh, look, it looks like he wanted to die. 517 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:12,840 Speaker 1: Look at what a peaceful death that man just went through. 518 00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:16,080 Speaker 1: So it's for the witnesses. And then number two, it 519 00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:21,520 Speaker 1: could also conceivably mask pain. So if it's masking pain, 520 00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:25,760 Speaker 1: then it's also masking a possibly inhumane method of execution. 521 00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:30,480 Speaker 1: So they kind of discontinued the paralyzing agent. UM but 522 00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:33,640 Speaker 1: that was traditionally step two and then once that one 523 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:36,280 Speaker 1: was administered. So are you getting the point here that 524 00:30:36,400 --> 00:30:38,720 Speaker 1: like they're really going the extra mile to make sure 525 00:30:38,960 --> 00:30:43,080 Speaker 1: you're dead in the in the nineties through lethal injection. Yeah, 526 00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:45,400 Speaker 1: and you know what, I might as well go ahead 527 00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:47,120 Speaker 1: and get into this. We just put our dog down 528 00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:49,960 Speaker 1: two days ago and they did the same thing with that. 529 00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:54,240 Speaker 1: It's like paralyzing agent. Three different things were injected into her. 530 00:30:54,920 --> 00:30:57,600 Speaker 1: It's like the first go to sleep thing, and then 531 00:30:57,640 --> 00:31:02,200 Speaker 1: the second paralyzer, and then the final thing like she's gone, 532 00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:04,560 Speaker 1: but hey, let's just inject this just to make sure 533 00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:06,840 Speaker 1: the hardest stopped. Was it? Okay? So it was the 534 00:31:06,840 --> 00:31:10,560 Speaker 1: toxic agent potassium chloride, I'm not sure. I mean they 535 00:31:10,560 --> 00:31:15,120 Speaker 1: said it was a trade concoction for their company. Okay, 536 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:18,040 Speaker 1: so then it probably wasn't potassium chloride because I don't 537 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:24,240 Speaker 1: think that that's proprietary. But in some states, the use 538 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:26,880 Speaker 1: of potassium chloride, the toxic agent, which is the third 539 00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:32,360 Speaker 1: one um, that's not even allowed for use on pets, 540 00:31:32,920 --> 00:31:35,520 Speaker 1: but they were using it on inmates because it induces 541 00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:39,880 Speaker 1: cardiac aresque because it could conceivably cause pain. Yeah. Interesting, 542 00:31:39,960 --> 00:31:42,560 Speaker 1: I'm sorry. About your dog buddy. That's right. I appreciate that, 543 00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:45,520 Speaker 1: and hey, thank you to everyone I put that on 544 00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:47,080 Speaker 1: the Stuff you Should Know while and people were super 545 00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:50,440 Speaker 1: supportive and told a lot of their own stories of 546 00:31:50,480 --> 00:31:53,240 Speaker 1: their pets passing. So I think maybe at some point 547 00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:55,200 Speaker 1: I might put together a little like like you did 548 00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:58,200 Speaker 1: the pet costumes. I might do like a pet memorial 549 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:00,040 Speaker 1: thing where people can send in that would be a 550 00:32:00,440 --> 00:32:03,880 Speaker 1: memorialized or pets stuff you should Know. Anyway, Um, I 551 00:32:03,880 --> 00:32:07,200 Speaker 1: did find it interesting though, a that I picked this topic. Yeah. 552 00:32:07,280 --> 00:32:11,080 Speaker 1: I kept wanting to send you stuff about it, like yeah, yesterday, 553 00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:13,240 Speaker 1: and I was like, and I picked it knowing. I 554 00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:15,600 Speaker 1: guess it was just this weird subliminal thing like maybe 555 00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:16,880 Speaker 1: I was trying to work through it or something. I 556 00:32:16,920 --> 00:32:19,680 Speaker 1: don't know, but I did find interesting the triple drug 557 00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:24,240 Speaker 1: cocktails similarities. I don't think it was the exact same stuff, 558 00:32:24,280 --> 00:32:29,920 Speaker 1: but it's the same process basically. Alright, So, um, death 559 00:32:30,120 --> 00:32:34,240 Speaker 1: from beginning to end five to eighteen minutes after the 560 00:32:34,280 --> 00:32:37,600 Speaker 1: execution order is given kind of just depends. Okay, So 561 00:32:37,760 --> 00:32:41,760 Speaker 1: that's ideally. Remember the execution order is when like it's 562 00:32:43,160 --> 00:32:50,320 Speaker 1: you've moved into the the execution chamber and the warden 563 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:58,000 Speaker 1: says it's not ringing, the governor is not calling. So um, 564 00:32:58,080 --> 00:33:00,840 Speaker 1: that's when they start working on you, like putting in 565 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:03,600 Speaker 1: the IVY tubes and all that stuff. Now, remember, the 566 00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:08,680 Speaker 1: whole point of um execution the United States criminal justice 567 00:33:08,680 --> 00:33:13,360 Speaker 1: system is not to inflict pain or cause suffering. It's 568 00:33:13,400 --> 00:33:16,120 Speaker 1: simply to take that person's life in the most humane 569 00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:21,640 Speaker 1: efficient means possible. Right, So what happens if you can't 570 00:33:21,640 --> 00:33:26,000 Speaker 1: find a vein? That happens very frequently. There's all there's 571 00:33:26,040 --> 00:33:30,880 Speaker 1: a lot of cases of um, the condemned helpfully UM 572 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:33,120 Speaker 1: saying we'll try this vein over here. I think this one, 573 00:33:33,360 --> 00:33:35,920 Speaker 1: this one feels pretty good. Try this one, like helping 574 00:33:35,960 --> 00:33:39,760 Speaker 1: these people like stick them to put these lethal drugs 575 00:33:39,800 --> 00:33:43,280 Speaker 1: in them. Sure, um so. And that particularly is the 576 00:33:43,280 --> 00:33:47,960 Speaker 1: case with IVY drug users who have lots of collapse veins. UM. 577 00:33:48,080 --> 00:33:51,520 Speaker 1: It's also chucked part of the problem when you don't 578 00:33:51,560 --> 00:33:55,040 Speaker 1: have experienced medical personnel, which is one of the big 579 00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:59,320 Speaker 1: controversies of lethal injection because if you notice, it has 580 00:33:59,360 --> 00:34:03,640 Speaker 1: a lot of trappings of a medical procedure, but it 581 00:34:03,720 --> 00:34:08,160 Speaker 1: completely flies in the face of medicine because the hippocratic 582 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:11,640 Speaker 1: oaths says, first, do no harm. Well, carrying out or 583 00:34:11,680 --> 00:34:14,440 Speaker 1: even assisting in an execution is doing harm. So the 584 00:34:14,480 --> 00:34:18,360 Speaker 1: American Medical Association tried to pass the resolution saying, UM, 585 00:34:18,480 --> 00:34:21,080 Speaker 1: we're gonna take the license of anybody who's involved in 586 00:34:21,120 --> 00:34:24,880 Speaker 1: an execution, and all the states said, no, you can't 587 00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:27,200 Speaker 1: do that. We're going to protect the doctor's licenses because 588 00:34:27,200 --> 00:34:29,520 Speaker 1: we need these people. And that's kind of a conundrum, 589 00:34:29,560 --> 00:34:32,920 Speaker 1: you know, like, do you not have anything to do 590 00:34:32,960 --> 00:34:36,200 Speaker 1: with an execution and let some prison guard try to 591 00:34:36,239 --> 00:34:41,000 Speaker 1: find a vein and stick this person for sixty minutes 592 00:34:41,640 --> 00:34:46,160 Speaker 1: and prolong the point from okay, start executing to death 593 00:34:46,760 --> 00:34:49,160 Speaker 1: so this person is more aware and anxious and thinking 594 00:34:49,160 --> 00:34:52,080 Speaker 1: about it. Or do you kind of throw your hippocratic 595 00:34:52,120 --> 00:34:55,840 Speaker 1: oath to the side and help this person's execution go 596 00:34:55,960 --> 00:34:59,520 Speaker 1: as painlessly and humanely as possible. Yeah, finding a veins 597 00:34:59,560 --> 00:35:02,920 Speaker 1: not too tough though. I was reading like botched, um 598 00:35:03,040 --> 00:35:07,120 Speaker 1: botched uh executions And that's that's the number one that 599 00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:10,560 Speaker 1: they can't find a vein where they feeding these people, 600 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:14,320 Speaker 1: you know, because they're not using heroin in prison, really know. 601 00:35:14,440 --> 00:35:17,040 Speaker 1: But I think if you used heroin for a significant 602 00:35:17,040 --> 00:35:20,919 Speaker 1: portion of your life, your veins are collapsed forever. Yeah, 603 00:35:21,040 --> 00:35:26,440 Speaker 1: I don't think they grow back. So it's generally though 604 00:35:26,480 --> 00:35:29,359 Speaker 1: a prison guard or somebody that works for the prison though, 605 00:35:29,360 --> 00:35:33,239 Speaker 1: that actually administers it. Right, Yeah, okay, that's what thought. 606 00:35:33,360 --> 00:35:35,719 Speaker 1: And plus also there's another thing too if if they're 607 00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:39,160 Speaker 1: not good at um delivering the drugs, if they're not 608 00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:42,839 Speaker 1: practiced at that, um, the flow of the drugs, if 609 00:35:42,840 --> 00:35:44,680 Speaker 1: you push it in too fast, can cause a lot 610 00:35:44,719 --> 00:35:49,000 Speaker 1: of pain and suffering. That's one right, That's another one too, 611 00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:52,319 Speaker 1: which is another reason why, um, some states require that 612 00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:55,000 Speaker 1: medical staff be on hand to assist with these things. 613 00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:59,799 Speaker 1: I mean, there's really no humane way to put someone, 614 00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:03,360 Speaker 1: you know, So that's that's somebody like you can't affixiate 615 00:36:03,360 --> 00:36:07,000 Speaker 1: someone with feathers. Okay, no, and it's true. But I 616 00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:09,640 Speaker 1: was looking around like, okay, if lethal injection isn't even 617 00:36:09,719 --> 00:36:12,480 Speaker 1: considered humane, which a lot of people say, like it's not, 618 00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:16,319 Speaker 1: there's it's possibly there's a lot of pain. Um. One 619 00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:18,640 Speaker 1: of the drugs that's being used these days is called 620 00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:23,239 Speaker 1: medazzy lamb, and it's a sedative. It's not an anesthetic. 621 00:36:23,680 --> 00:36:26,080 Speaker 1: So if you put somebody out with it, that doesn't 622 00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:29,080 Speaker 1: mean that they can't feel pain any longer, um, But 623 00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:32,800 Speaker 1: that's due to this shortage of pental barbitrall um. People 624 00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:36,120 Speaker 1: are using that. So they're saying, wait, we're using untested drugs. 625 00:36:36,160 --> 00:36:39,840 Speaker 1: These people are possibly feeling excruciating pain, but you can't 626 00:36:39,840 --> 00:36:43,600 Speaker 1: tell because we're using a paralyzing agent. What There's got 627 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,800 Speaker 1: to be another way to do this, And some people 628 00:36:45,880 --> 00:36:50,160 Speaker 1: recently have been speaking up and saying heroin. I know, 629 00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:54,160 Speaker 1: but I think, uh, there's probably a few seconds when 630 00:36:54,200 --> 00:36:59,040 Speaker 1: you're introducing the pento barbital where they're like, all right, yeah, um, No, 631 00:36:59,160 --> 00:37:05,160 Speaker 1: it's called inert gas asphyxiation. Okay, So when you suffer 632 00:37:05,239 --> 00:37:10,239 Speaker 1: kate um, Apparently the pain and discomfort is caused by 633 00:37:10,280 --> 00:37:14,440 Speaker 1: not being able to expel CEO two. UM. With inert 634 00:37:14,520 --> 00:37:21,319 Speaker 1: gasp asphyxiation, you are inhaling gas. It's not oxygen, say 635 00:37:21,360 --> 00:37:25,920 Speaker 1: pure nitrogen gas, but you're still capable of exhaling CEO two, 636 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:28,839 Speaker 1: which means that the whole process should be painless. Right, 637 00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:33,359 Speaker 1: and unconsciousness takes effect in a couple of seconds, death 638 00:37:33,400 --> 00:37:36,319 Speaker 1: a few more seconds after that. So they think it's 639 00:37:36,360 --> 00:37:40,520 Speaker 1: possible that they may have figured out a the most 640 00:37:40,640 --> 00:37:46,040 Speaker 1: humane method of capital punishment around inert gas asphyxiation. They 641 00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:50,400 Speaker 1: like practicing that. No, but I suspect that if if 642 00:37:50,600 --> 00:37:54,320 Speaker 1: this kind of reformed thing continues going on, we'll see 643 00:37:54,400 --> 00:37:59,040 Speaker 1: inert gas chambers pretty soon. Yeah. You know, the old 644 00:37:59,040 --> 00:38:03,799 Speaker 1: firing squad is instantaneous. Probably it's done right. Yeah, but 645 00:38:03,840 --> 00:38:06,040 Speaker 1: it rarely is done right. That's the thing. What do 646 00:38:06,080 --> 00:38:09,640 Speaker 1: you mean rarely it's done right? Give me a statistic. Well, okay, Um, 647 00:38:10,120 --> 00:38:15,200 Speaker 1: how many shooting firing squads percentage wise aren't done properly? 648 00:38:15,440 --> 00:38:19,960 Speaker 1: So I would probably say the vast majority. Really Yeah, Um, 649 00:38:21,080 --> 00:38:24,080 Speaker 1: you're trying to again, if you're doing something humanly and efficiently, 650 00:38:24,239 --> 00:38:28,640 Speaker 1: you want to remove human error. So, um, finding a vein, 651 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:32,920 Speaker 1: introducing the drug at a proper rate, like, all of 652 00:38:32,920 --> 00:38:36,400 Speaker 1: these things are subject to human error. Right, Shooting a 653 00:38:36,440 --> 00:38:40,279 Speaker 1: bullet at somebody from fifty feet or whatever. Let's got 654 00:38:40,280 --> 00:38:43,600 Speaker 1: all kinds of human error involved in it. I would say, 655 00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:45,719 Speaker 1: go read a and I'm not an activist. I'm not 656 00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:48,960 Speaker 1: being an activist here. Um, go read this article called 657 00:38:49,080 --> 00:38:53,560 Speaker 1: um on the possible pain from various methods of execution. 658 00:38:53,760 --> 00:38:56,000 Speaker 1: I believe it's what it's called. There's a guy in 659 00:38:56,040 --> 00:39:00,719 Speaker 1: the eighties who basically went around and said, let me 660 00:39:00,719 --> 00:39:04,000 Speaker 1: get all the evidence I possibly can from the different 661 00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:06,960 Speaker 1: types of execution that people are put through to figure 662 00:39:06,960 --> 00:39:10,919 Speaker 1: out how much pain and how frequently they feel pain, 663 00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:13,359 Speaker 1: how much they feel as well, and he came up 664 00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:18,880 Speaker 1: with this amazing study. And firing squads are not they're bloody, 665 00:39:18,920 --> 00:39:22,360 Speaker 1: they're not they're not good. Well, I know they're bloody, 666 00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:24,560 Speaker 1: but I didn't know that they were butched so that 667 00:39:24,640 --> 00:39:28,160 Speaker 1: people lived most of the time after being shot by 668 00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:30,239 Speaker 1: eight dudes in the head. But that's another thing. They 669 00:39:30,239 --> 00:39:32,080 Speaker 1: don't aim for the head. A lot of times only 670 00:39:32,080 --> 00:39:35,440 Speaker 1: one guy has a bullet the chest, so you're shot 671 00:39:35,440 --> 00:39:38,440 Speaker 1: through the heart. Is that like all countries across the border. 672 00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:41,520 Speaker 1: I don't know. I'm just saying I would say, go 673 00:39:41,600 --> 00:39:45,760 Speaker 1: read that study. My money's on inert gas. Inert gas 674 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:49,759 Speaker 1: definitely not on firing squads. The guillotine well, that came 675 00:39:49,760 --> 00:39:52,840 Speaker 1: out of that one reform movement from the late eighteenth century. 676 00:39:52,920 --> 00:39:55,360 Speaker 1: That's as instant as it gets. No, it's not. Do 677 00:39:55,440 --> 00:39:58,560 Speaker 1: you not remember our Yeah, we said it's possible that 678 00:39:58,640 --> 00:40:01,840 Speaker 1: the head is alive for a couple seconds, four seconds. 679 00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:04,719 Speaker 1: I feel like I don't even know you right now, 680 00:40:05,600 --> 00:40:11,200 Speaker 1: I got one last one, all right. Um, So there 681 00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:14,400 Speaker 1: is a huge disparity and the death penalty as a 682 00:40:14,440 --> 00:40:20,680 Speaker 1: whole um among races. So it turns out of capital 683 00:40:20,719 --> 00:40:25,399 Speaker 1: cases feature a black or Hispanic defendant and then um 684 00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:29,400 Speaker 1: with victims. There's a big race disparity too, uh in 685 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:33,279 Speaker 1: death penalty cases in the United States. I think either 686 00:40:33,360 --> 00:40:36,719 Speaker 1: last year, in the last few years, seventy percent of 687 00:40:36,760 --> 00:40:40,200 Speaker 1: the victims have been white, percent have been black, six 688 00:40:40,239 --> 00:40:43,440 Speaker 1: percent have been Hispanic for the victims, so it's um 689 00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:48,080 Speaker 1: just proportionately doled out against people who have killed white 690 00:40:48,120 --> 00:40:51,239 Speaker 1: people than it is to people who have killed black 691 00:40:51,320 --> 00:40:54,040 Speaker 1: or Hispanic people, and other was like two percent or 692 00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:58,120 Speaker 1: something like that. Interesting, you got anything else? I got 693 00:40:58,160 --> 00:41:01,960 Speaker 1: nothing else? So lethal injection, man, that was a weird one. 694 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:06,480 Speaker 1: Huh uh Well, I mean this is touchy stuff, you know. Uh. 695 00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:09,000 Speaker 1: If you want to learn more about lethal injection, um, 696 00:41:09,080 --> 00:41:11,319 Speaker 1: you can type that into the search bar at how 697 00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:14,319 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. And since I said search bar, 698 00:41:14,320 --> 00:41:18,879 Speaker 1: it's time for a listener. Mate. I'm gonna call this 699 00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:21,640 Speaker 1: what a long strange trip it's been, because that's what 700 00:41:21,719 --> 00:41:24,759 Speaker 1: Whitney called it. Hey, guys, I'm Whitney and I'm a 701 00:41:24,800 --> 00:41:28,600 Speaker 1: twentysomething band teacher from probo Utah. My husband, also a 702 00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:31,400 Speaker 1: band teacher, introduced me to your show in two thousand 703 00:41:31,440 --> 00:41:34,040 Speaker 1: nine when he was commuting one hour each way to 704 00:41:34,080 --> 00:41:36,480 Speaker 1: Park City every day. When I started my current job 705 00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:38,880 Speaker 1: last year, I started listening to you guys after I 706 00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:41,560 Speaker 1: realized how crappy radio was and I exhausted the music 707 00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:45,680 Speaker 1: on my iPod. I started one on episode one and 708 00:41:45,800 --> 00:41:49,200 Speaker 1: just today caught up with a werewolf podcast. Yeah not bad. 709 00:41:49,719 --> 00:41:51,879 Speaker 1: I was excited and sad all at the same time. 710 00:41:52,080 --> 00:41:55,200 Speaker 1: We heard that a lot. Actually, I know you get 711 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:56,799 Speaker 1: lots of emails and you're probably sick of them, but 712 00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,480 Speaker 1: I felt like I had to write once I caught up. 713 00:41:58,680 --> 00:42:00,640 Speaker 1: During the last school year, I had my first child, 714 00:42:01,080 --> 00:42:04,479 Speaker 1: started my new job, and moved twice, the second move 715 00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:07,279 Speaker 1: being into our first home. Needless to say, with all 716 00:42:07,320 --> 00:42:11,040 Speaker 1: this change, I started to get pretty stressed and even depressed. 717 00:42:11,120 --> 00:42:13,680 Speaker 1: On top of all this, I teach beginning band to 718 00:42:13,760 --> 00:42:17,600 Speaker 1: six and seventh grade kids. My job is very exciting. 719 00:42:17,640 --> 00:42:19,640 Speaker 1: I love it, but I can get frustrated and even 720 00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:24,960 Speaker 1: develop road range at times. Stupid kids, Your podcast was 721 00:42:25,040 --> 00:42:26,880 Speaker 1: my sanity through all this. Dudes, I was able to 722 00:42:26,920 --> 00:42:29,880 Speaker 1: focus my mind on exciting things like Barbie dolls and 723 00:42:29,920 --> 00:42:32,520 Speaker 1: serial killers, and it all made my day a little 724 00:42:32,520 --> 00:42:34,359 Speaker 1: bit brighter. So I just want to say how much 725 00:42:34,360 --> 00:42:37,080 Speaker 1: I appreciate all of the podcasts. I feel like I'm learning, 726 00:42:37,400 --> 00:42:40,160 Speaker 1: keeping my mind engage, and enjoying your banter. And I 727 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:43,439 Speaker 1: think my eighteen month old daughter also enjoys since she's 728 00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:45,359 Speaker 1: heard your voices since she was just a tiny thing. 729 00:42:45,960 --> 00:42:49,640 Speaker 1: I hope you keep making them. Whitney Werner, thanks a lot, 730 00:42:49,680 --> 00:42:53,320 Speaker 1: Whitney from probo Utah band Teaching, and we are shaping 731 00:42:53,400 --> 00:42:57,640 Speaker 1: young minds, eighteen month old minds. Yeah, in utero even 732 00:42:57,680 --> 00:43:01,760 Speaker 1: we've heard people for some reason play. It's forget teaching 733 00:43:01,800 --> 00:43:04,439 Speaker 1: your kids sign language. Just have them listen to stuff 734 00:43:04,440 --> 00:43:08,040 Speaker 1: you should know exactly. Yeah. Uh. If you want to 735 00:43:08,160 --> 00:43:10,439 Speaker 1: let us know how we have helped your life out 736 00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:13,960 Speaker 1: or how we've influenced the development of your child, it's 737 00:43:13,960 --> 00:43:16,160 Speaker 1: a good one. You can tweet to us at s 738 00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:18,840 Speaker 1: Y s K podcast. You can join us on Facebook 739 00:43:18,840 --> 00:43:21,359 Speaker 1: dot com slash stuff you Should Know. You can send 740 00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:24,680 Speaker 1: us an email to Stuff Podcasts at Discovery dot com, 741 00:43:24,719 --> 00:43:27,880 Speaker 1: and as always, check us out at our awesome website 742 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:35,319 Speaker 1: it's called Stuff You Should Know dot com for more 743 00:43:35,360 --> 00:43:37,640 Speaker 1: on this and thousands of other topics. Does it How 744 00:43:37,680 --> 00:43:46,960 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. Brought to you by the all 745 00:43:47,040 --> 00:43:49,040 Speaker 1: new Toyota Corolla