1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,840 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,520 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know 3 00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:16,400 Speaker 1: from House Stuff Works dot Com. Hey, and welcome to 4 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:20,439 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm with Charles W. Bryant and I am 5 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:28,000 Speaker 1: Josh Clark. Yeah. How you doing? Good man? What? Good man? Okay? 6 00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:33,560 Speaker 1: M ang Chuck? Have you been concussed? No? Man? Are 7 00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:37,120 Speaker 1: you sure? I'm acting like you're showing some classic symptoms here. 8 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:38,519 Speaker 1: You know, if I was concussed, you know what that 9 00:00:38,520 --> 00:00:41,639 Speaker 1: would mean. What that would mean my brain moved and 10 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:45,519 Speaker 1: hit my skull. Yes, that's what a concussion is. This 11 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:48,880 Speaker 1: is a new, fresh, segue free edition of Stuff You 12 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:52,120 Speaker 1: Should Know? Right, You like this one? I want it so? 13 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:56,840 Speaker 1: Uh yeah. Concussion there. It's in the news all over 14 00:00:56,880 --> 00:01:01,640 Speaker 1: the place today, right oh big time is the NFL? Yes, right, Chuck. 15 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:07,120 Speaker 1: A concussion is put simply where, uh, your skull stops moving, 16 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:10,240 Speaker 1: but your brain keeps moving and it slaps the inside 17 00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:12,640 Speaker 1: of your skull, which is pretty hard. I'm kind of 18 00:01:12,680 --> 00:01:16,280 Speaker 1: surprised the human body didn't. We've evolved in such great 19 00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:19,559 Speaker 1: ways to prevent things like that. I'm surprised there wasn't 20 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:23,320 Speaker 1: like a built in Hans system like NASCAR uses something 21 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:25,920 Speaker 1: like a web around the brain. We have that memory. 22 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:28,840 Speaker 1: Remember that's what shrinks when you have a hangover. Well, 23 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:30,520 Speaker 1: it clearly doesn't work that well if you can still 24 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:32,640 Speaker 1: hit your skull. That's what I'm saying. It's true. I 25 00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 1: wish it was such that concussions wouldn't even happen. We 26 00:01:35,760 --> 00:01:38,240 Speaker 1: need like a padding of foam rubber like in between, 27 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:42,039 Speaker 1: like an interior football helmet. Right, let's get on that, 28 00:01:42,200 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: all right, No bell prize, Gonna go do some gene 29 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:47,760 Speaker 1: splicing after this. It would end up being an Igno 30 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:53,720 Speaker 1: Bell Prize with us though. Yeah, lots of chuck. Where 31 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:56,360 Speaker 1: does the word concussion come from? Josh? It is Latin, 32 00:01:56,840 --> 00:01:59,760 Speaker 1: like most medical terms, and I believe the word is concuteer, 33 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:05,800 Speaker 1: which means which means to shake violently. Yeah, so there 34 00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:07,880 Speaker 1: you have it. So your brain is being shaken violently, 35 00:02:08,080 --> 00:02:11,480 Speaker 1: and uh it's nay good when that happens. My friend 36 00:02:11,560 --> 00:02:14,000 Speaker 1: Chris Jones was I think his first article that he 37 00:02:14,040 --> 00:02:17,480 Speaker 1: wrote for this. He's a freelancer. Uh and as he 38 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:20,880 Speaker 1: put it, un of yours, I would say, more buddy 39 00:02:20,880 --> 00:02:23,919 Speaker 1: than a crony. He didn't get him hired. Oh yeah, okay, yeah, 40 00:02:23,919 --> 00:02:27,720 Speaker 1: he's a crony. Okay, Um, he's good, he is. He 41 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:30,200 Speaker 1: is a good guy, he writes for the Motley fool To. 42 00:02:30,360 --> 00:02:34,160 Speaker 1: Actually he's all over the place. Um he wrote that, 43 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:37,920 Speaker 1: in an ironic twist, the one bone specifically designed to 44 00:02:37,919 --> 00:02:40,680 Speaker 1: shield our gray matter from injury ends up doing the 45 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:43,520 Speaker 1: most damage. Great sentence. Yeah, So I mean, like you said, 46 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 1: we need like something a football helmet around our brain 47 00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:49,720 Speaker 1: within our skull. Yeah, or just don't hit your head 48 00:02:49,720 --> 00:02:53,040 Speaker 1: hard on something, right, which apparently is a little more 49 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:57,480 Speaker 1: difficult than one would think. And I think that one 50 00:02:57,520 --> 00:03:00,600 Speaker 1: of the reasons we're podcasting about this now. I was like, 51 00:03:00,639 --> 00:03:03,799 Speaker 1: you said that it's kind of big. NFL is all 52 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:05,760 Speaker 1: over it. Well, you know, the NFL is doing the 53 00:03:05,760 --> 00:03:08,160 Speaker 1: opposite of being all over it, and it's getting lots 54 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:10,160 Speaker 1: of press attention. Now. They're all over it now, though, 55 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:14,799 Speaker 1: are they? Yeah? Yeah, just this week? Right, okay, all right? Um. 56 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:16,560 Speaker 1: I think one of the one of the reasons that 57 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:19,960 Speaker 1: we're podcasting about concussions that this article got written is 58 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:22,680 Speaker 1: it's big. It's big. Right now we're finally starting to 59 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:25,919 Speaker 1: realize that it's not you don't just get your bell 60 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:29,720 Speaker 1: wrong or you're not a little rattled. What we're starting 61 00:03:29,760 --> 00:03:35,520 Speaker 1: to see is that concussions lead very easily to early death, 62 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:41,120 Speaker 1: specifically multiple concussions or dementia or Alzheimer's. Yeah, bad stuff, 63 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:47,880 Speaker 1: all from one horrible moment or or several. Yeah, so Chuck, 64 00:03:47,920 --> 00:03:50,080 Speaker 1: what are some of the ways you can be concussed? 65 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:55,840 Speaker 1: I've been concussed and I can't get up. Uh. Actually 66 00:03:55,880 --> 00:03:57,640 Speaker 1: what you should do is not get up, but we'll 67 00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:00,600 Speaker 1: get to that too. Yeah, so Chuck, what are some 68 00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 1: of the symptoms of a concussion. Let's say you are 69 00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:08,800 Speaker 1: a University of Georgia UM cheerleader, sure, and you want 70 00:04:08,800 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 1: to come over and diagnose poor Baccari Rambo, who is unconscious? Right? What? 71 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:15,520 Speaker 1: What's what's just? What? What? What are you looking for? Well? 72 00:04:15,560 --> 00:04:18,360 Speaker 1: I would look at Baccari first. If he was nauseous 73 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: or uncoordinated, no balance, confused, had a slurred speech or 74 00:04:22,960 --> 00:04:25,960 Speaker 1: memory loss, or delayed reaction time, that would be my 75 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: immediate diagnosis. If I'm looking at him and I see 76 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:32,799 Speaker 1: some of those symptoms that he might in fact be concussed. 77 00:04:33,480 --> 00:04:36,760 Speaker 1: Those are some outward symptoms, right, There's also ones that 78 00:04:36,839 --> 00:04:42,400 Speaker 1: the concussed person will experience like, Um, sensitivity to light 79 00:04:42,720 --> 00:04:47,160 Speaker 1: and sound, yes, Josh, that is called phonophobia and photophobia. 80 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:50,320 Speaker 1: Loud loud noises and bright lights no good if you're 81 00:04:50,320 --> 00:04:54,240 Speaker 1: concussed loud noises, right, yeah, you don't want that. Um. 82 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:57,520 Speaker 1: It can make you dizzy, give you a headache, make 83 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:04,279 Speaker 1: you nauseated. Um, it's just bad stuff. Your sleep, Um, 84 00:05:04,360 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: your ability anxiety, as far as emotional impact, right, depression, sure, 85 00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:13,840 Speaker 1: and uh, your ability to think. Actually, um, A lot 86 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:19,400 Speaker 1: of times there is an accompanying amnesia to concussion. Yeah, 87 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:24,600 Speaker 1: and it's usually immediate, like after if the person loses consciousness. Um, 88 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:27,320 Speaker 1: they they when they wake up, they may have some 89 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:31,720 Speaker 1: sort of uh amnesia, or even if they don't lose consciousness, 90 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:35,080 Speaker 1: they can still have some amnesia for you know, from 91 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:38,240 Speaker 1: the moment that impact took place, the moment their brain 92 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:40,480 Speaker 1: slept the inside of their skull. Yeah, so that's what. 93 00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:43,280 Speaker 1: That's why when you see like on a football sideline 94 00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:45,880 Speaker 1: or in a boxing ring, there's a just a battery 95 00:05:45,880 --> 00:05:48,160 Speaker 1: of questions. I'll be asking like who are you, do 96 00:05:48,240 --> 00:05:50,720 Speaker 1: you know where you are? Um? And if they say 97 00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:52,839 Speaker 1: something like you know, I'm playing football, they need to 98 00:05:52,839 --> 00:05:54,960 Speaker 1: get a little more specific than that, what city are 99 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:59,480 Speaker 1: we in, what team are we playing? Right? And it's 100 00:05:59,480 --> 00:06:01,800 Speaker 1: time to get out of the game, right, which is 101 00:06:02,240 --> 00:06:06,760 Speaker 1: kind of a it's it's difficult. Actually, did you see 102 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,640 Speaker 1: that testimony by Ray Lewis. Yeah, Hey, they were talking 103 00:06:10,640 --> 00:06:12,960 Speaker 1: about getting out of the game, and you know, even 104 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:15,840 Speaker 1: knowing just a little bit that we know now about concussions, 105 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:18,400 Speaker 1: Lewis was still like, depends on what's going on in 106 00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:22,560 Speaker 1: the game, you know, Um, from what what I understand, 107 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:25,240 Speaker 1: if you have a concussion, you don't go back in 108 00:06:25,279 --> 00:06:28,960 Speaker 1: that game. Well, as of yesterday, that's the new rule, 109 00:06:29,720 --> 00:06:32,920 Speaker 1: is it. Yes, let's talk about then Let's let's back 110 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:37,839 Speaker 1: up a second, because the NFL has long um been 111 00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:41,400 Speaker 1: not too sensitive to concussions and taking a lot of 112 00:06:41,400 --> 00:06:44,880 Speaker 1: heat over the years for having their team doctors allow 113 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:47,479 Speaker 1: guys to go back into soon or leading up to 114 00:06:47,480 --> 00:06:52,000 Speaker 1: the player who you know, wildly under reports concussions NFL 115 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:56,800 Speaker 1: players do, or all athletes, I would imagine, and uh, 116 00:06:56,920 --> 00:06:59,359 Speaker 1: there's a guy named John McKay and he was on 117 00:06:59,400 --> 00:07:02,640 Speaker 1: the San Diego Chargers in the early seventies. Sadly, he 118 00:07:02,720 --> 00:07:05,640 Speaker 1: played with a guy named Ralph Winzel Uh for the 119 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:08,520 Speaker 1: entire nineteen seventy two season and neither one of them 120 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:12,120 Speaker 1: remember playing with each other as teammates. Wow, very sad. 121 00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:18,320 Speaker 1: So McKay's wife led this charge. Um to get this 122 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:21,520 Speaker 1: on the NFL's radar, because she started making calls and found, 123 00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:26,000 Speaker 1: she said, at least twenty people whose husbands were suffering 124 00:07:26,080 --> 00:07:30,760 Speaker 1: from Alzheimer's in early dementia. And we're talking age. There's 125 00:07:30,840 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 1: others that are suffering as early as their thirties and forties. 126 00:07:34,480 --> 00:07:38,600 Speaker 1: So um, she wrote Commissioner Tagliboo at the time a letter. 127 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: He got the ball rolling and they created the plan 128 00:07:42,800 --> 00:07:47,080 Speaker 1: which was McKay's number, and they now families can receive 129 00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:50,000 Speaker 1: up to eighty eight thousand dollars a year for care 130 00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:53,400 Speaker 1: if they from the NFL. Yeah, if they qualify. That's 131 00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:56,640 Speaker 1: so that happened. And then two days ago the NFL 132 00:07:57,320 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: because the concussions have been big news this year, especially 133 00:08:00,040 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: lot of high profile guys Ben Roethlisberger for the Steelers 134 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:05,520 Speaker 1: and a couple of other high profile dudes have been 135 00:08:05,560 --> 00:08:09,920 Speaker 1: concussed Hurt Warner, and the new rule takes effect this week. 136 00:08:09,960 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: It's like an immediate rule, which is unusual. And uh, 137 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:15,560 Speaker 1: if you have fleeting symptoms you're allowed to return to 138 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:20,000 Speaker 1: the game, but if you have amnesia, poor balance, or 139 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:24,720 Speaker 1: an abnormal neurological examination, you cannot go back into the 140 00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 1: game at all. That's that's a good rule. It's very 141 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: good rule. Although from what Chris Jones says, if you've 142 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:33,439 Speaker 1: been concussed, if you show any evidence of concussion, you 143 00:08:33,440 --> 00:08:36,400 Speaker 1: shouldn't be going back into the game at all. Well yeah, sure, 144 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:38,840 Speaker 1: I guess baby steps right. And I think they're also 145 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:42,040 Speaker 1: bringing in for the post game evaluations after, you know, 146 00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:46,680 Speaker 1: the coming days after uh. They have now required this 147 00:08:46,880 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 1: independent doctors have to perform the test and not the 148 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:54,600 Speaker 1: team doctor, because if you've seen any given Sunday, I 149 00:08:54,640 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: think the notion of the team doctor is kind of 150 00:08:57,120 --> 00:08:59,880 Speaker 1: a joke. In the NFL UM I read about an 151 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: other group of ex athletes led by a guy named 152 00:09:04,360 --> 00:09:07,280 Speaker 1: Kris Nowinski. He played football for Harvard, but then he 153 00:09:07,320 --> 00:09:10,920 Speaker 1: went onto the w w E and he had several 154 00:09:10,960 --> 00:09:13,480 Speaker 1: concussions and then took a kick to the chin and 155 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:16,560 Speaker 1: that was it lights out for him career. Over um 156 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:20,560 Speaker 1: and he started to read studies on concussions because he 157 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:24,200 Speaker 1: had like headaches for five years and depressed depressions. A 158 00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:29,360 Speaker 1: big big part of comorbidity of concussions UM. And he 159 00:09:29,440 --> 00:09:32,520 Speaker 1: ended up founding the Sports Legacy Institute with a guy 160 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:35,520 Speaker 1: named Dr Robert Cantu, who I know, whose name you'll 161 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:40,240 Speaker 1: recognize because he founded one of the UM I guess 162 00:09:40,240 --> 00:09:47,360 Speaker 1: indices for grading UH concussions. Yes, um. But they they 163 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:52,040 Speaker 1: got together and created the Sports Legacy Institute, and they 164 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:56,240 Speaker 1: take donations of ex football players brains once they die 165 00:09:56,880 --> 00:10:01,120 Speaker 1: for study and the study that they've been doing together. 166 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:07,920 Speaker 1: So basically no Winsky recruits families to donate their dead, 167 00:10:08,120 --> 00:10:12,320 Speaker 1: you know, football players brains, and then Canto turns around 168 00:10:12,360 --> 00:10:15,880 Speaker 1: and dissects the brains at this place called the Center 169 00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:20,559 Speaker 1: for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, which he co directs. 170 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:24,000 Speaker 1: And this group, the c s t E are finding 171 00:10:24,080 --> 00:10:27,640 Speaker 1: some really startling stuff in the brains of people who 172 00:10:27,679 --> 00:10:30,800 Speaker 1: are like forty fifty. They got their hands on a 173 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,439 Speaker 1: brain of an eighteen year old kid who was a 174 00:10:33,920 --> 00:10:38,000 Speaker 1: multi sports athlete died at eight team. They got his brain, 175 00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:41,719 Speaker 1: and he his brain and the other brains that they've 176 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:44,240 Speaker 1: looked at so far all look like eighty year old 177 00:10:44,400 --> 00:10:47,120 Speaker 1: UM Alzheimer's patients brains. Well that's I was just about 178 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,760 Speaker 1: to say those Philadelphia Eagle former Eagle named Andre Waters 179 00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:53,800 Speaker 1: that committed suicide last year. He was forty four, and 180 00:10:53,840 --> 00:10:55,920 Speaker 1: they said the same thing. He had the brain of 181 00:10:55,960 --> 00:10:58,080 Speaker 1: an eight year old Alzheimer's patient. Yeah, and he's not 182 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 1: the only one. He committed suicide. UM. Some other guys 183 00:11:00,880 --> 00:11:04,640 Speaker 1: have been drinking themselves to death. UM. A guy named 184 00:11:04,679 --> 00:11:07,800 Speaker 1: Ted Johnson who used to play for the Pats um 185 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:11,439 Speaker 1: has pre he's donated his brain when he dies. H 186 00:11:11,480 --> 00:11:14,400 Speaker 1: And I think he's in his like thirties or early forties. 187 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:18,760 Speaker 1: And um, he spent two years with his curtains clothes 188 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:23,079 Speaker 1: hold up in his house from just major depression. M 189 00:11:23,160 --> 00:11:26,040 Speaker 1: sad Man. I'm a huge NFL fan. It's just you 190 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:28,000 Speaker 1: always hear about and these are just the head injuries. 191 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,679 Speaker 1: You always hear about these old warriors from before they 192 00:11:30,679 --> 00:11:32,600 Speaker 1: made a ton of money that are like destitute and 193 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:34,880 Speaker 1: they can't walk. And that's what they think that that's 194 00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:38,880 Speaker 1: another thing in an ability to work to manage money 195 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:40,959 Speaker 1: like that maybe one of the reasons why a lot 196 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:44,360 Speaker 1: of these guys go bankrupt. It's like eight or seventy 197 00:11:44,840 --> 00:11:48,520 Speaker 1: of NFL players go bankrupts in like four years actually 198 00:11:48,679 --> 00:11:52,720 Speaker 1: after leaving well the average uh lifespan of or not lifespan, 199 00:11:52,760 --> 00:11:55,560 Speaker 1: but tenure of an NFL player is really short. I 200 00:11:55,559 --> 00:12:00,160 Speaker 1: mean it's like two or two seasons or something especial. See, 201 00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:04,200 Speaker 1: if you've suffered multiple concussions, Apparently one concussion, your brain 202 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:10,079 Speaker 1: can restore its faculties, can umully itself. Yeah, but if 203 00:12:10,080 --> 00:12:12,439 Speaker 1: you have a concussion, then you you have a secondary 204 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:15,840 Speaker 1: concussion um before the first one has time to heal, 205 00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:19,920 Speaker 1: or you have multiple concussions over your lifetime, you're in 206 00:12:20,000 --> 00:12:22,720 Speaker 1: deep trouble. Yes, Josh, that what you just talked about. 207 00:12:22,720 --> 00:12:24,600 Speaker 1: When you have the second one before the first one heal, 208 00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:30,160 Speaker 1: that is called potentially second impact syndrome, and you can die. Yeah, 209 00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:32,800 Speaker 1: that's way worse because the what the arteries in the 210 00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:36,640 Speaker 1: brain swell. Yeah, it's it triggers a train, a chain reaction. 211 00:12:36,720 --> 00:12:43,840 Speaker 1: It starts with the disordered cerebral vascular autoregulation, and that 212 00:12:43,880 --> 00:12:46,360 Speaker 1: means the brain loses its ability to keep the rhine 213 00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,920 Speaker 1: amount of blood pressure basically, so the brain swells and 214 00:12:50,240 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: that leads to UH congestion and pressure and herniation and death. Yeah. 215 00:12:55,840 --> 00:12:58,800 Speaker 1: Once once your brain stem is herniated, once it's um 216 00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:01,800 Speaker 1: no longer getting it supply of blood and oxygen and 217 00:13:01,840 --> 00:13:04,840 Speaker 1: everything it needs. You know, there goes your breathing and 218 00:13:04,920 --> 00:13:07,880 Speaker 1: your heartbeat and all the very primal basic stuff that's 219 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:10,880 Speaker 1: controlled by the brainstem. I'm surprised this hasn't happened yet, 220 00:13:11,280 --> 00:13:15,160 Speaker 1: and I'm surprised actually what brains herniation. I'm surprised an 221 00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:18,200 Speaker 1: NFL player has not died on the football field yet. 222 00:13:20,320 --> 00:13:22,559 Speaker 1: That's shocking to me that that has not happened. And 223 00:13:22,640 --> 00:13:25,640 Speaker 1: I think it's gonna take something like that. Unfortunately, although 224 00:13:25,679 --> 00:13:28,240 Speaker 1: that they're going in the right direction now, I used 225 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:30,079 Speaker 1: to think that it would take something that drastic to 226 00:13:30,120 --> 00:13:34,080 Speaker 1: really make drastic changes. Maybe who knows. Maybe it's not 227 00:13:34,120 --> 00:13:36,280 Speaker 1: that much of a blood sport. It's very physical support. 228 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:39,160 Speaker 1: But you know, people don't go out like hockey. Yeah, 229 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:42,480 Speaker 1: people want to see somebody get their throat slit by Like, 230 00:13:42,720 --> 00:13:48,520 Speaker 1: did you never saw that that happened where hockey goalie 231 00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:51,760 Speaker 1: had his jugular vein cut in a in a hockey game. 232 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:54,800 Speaker 1: Is it on video somewhere? It's gotta be. I saw 233 00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:56,760 Speaker 1: it on TV when it happened, like it was a 234 00:13:56,760 --> 00:13:59,000 Speaker 1: while ago, was probably ten years ago. But the guy 235 00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:01,640 Speaker 1: like Ben down on his knees and grabs his throat 236 00:14:02,160 --> 00:14:04,320 Speaker 1: and in like three seconds you see a pool of 237 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:07,040 Speaker 1: blood go from like a drop to like eight feet 238 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:10,720 Speaker 1: in diameter. Now he didn't die. In fact, he was 239 00:14:10,880 --> 00:14:13,920 Speaker 1: back with the team the next day. They sewed him, 240 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:17,319 Speaker 1: sewed him up and like refilled the pump full blood 241 00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:19,560 Speaker 1: and he was good to go. There you go. Yeah, man, 242 00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:21,960 Speaker 1: what a time to be alive. So we should talk 243 00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:26,320 Speaker 1: about treatment and uh stuff like that, okay, because you know, 244 00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:29,760 Speaker 1: if it's not just NFL players you get concussed at home, 245 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:34,960 Speaker 1: your kid can easily get concussed. The leading head injury 246 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,160 Speaker 1: for children. Yeah, I wanted to mention that, Chuck, Like, 247 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:40,920 Speaker 1: we've been talking about the NFL, but the NFL isn't 248 00:14:40,960 --> 00:14:44,960 Speaker 1: the only group out there playing football. Um, there's tons 249 00:14:44,960 --> 00:14:47,120 Speaker 1: of kids. And actually I was reading an article by 250 00:14:47,760 --> 00:14:50,280 Speaker 1: forward right who you don't want to see? Have you 251 00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:52,960 Speaker 1: ever seen a picture of Frank Nafford. It's one of 252 00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:54,800 Speaker 1: those ones where you're like, man, I wish I didn't 253 00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:56,720 Speaker 1: see that. This is nothing like what I thought the 254 00:14:56,760 --> 00:14:59,000 Speaker 1: guy looked like. And really that's what Frank l DeFord 255 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: looks like. Wow, I know I have seen him, actually have, 256 00:15:03,640 --> 00:15:09,360 Speaker 1: but like your local shopping mall like change. Um Well, 257 00:15:09,440 --> 00:15:13,480 Speaker 1: he wrote an article about concussions and he was basically 258 00:15:13,520 --> 00:15:17,000 Speaker 1: goating the NFL into doing something. Um And he also 259 00:15:17,040 --> 00:15:20,120 Speaker 1: points out that it's not just the NFL who like suiting. 260 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:23,800 Speaker 1: Up at one point two million high school students every 261 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:28,040 Speaker 1: year play football, and they apparently are much more prone 262 00:15:28,040 --> 00:15:31,920 Speaker 1: to concussions than older guys because they're like the impacts 263 00:15:32,280 --> 00:15:35,440 Speaker 1: are actually at a higher velocity than in the NFL 264 00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: because they're not worried about their careers, are trying to 265 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:40,520 Speaker 1: get to the career, so they're killing anybody who gets 266 00:15:40,520 --> 00:15:43,360 Speaker 1: in their way, Whereas an NFL player would be more 267 00:15:43,440 --> 00:15:45,960 Speaker 1: likely to Number one, he knows his way around the 268 00:15:45,960 --> 00:15:47,840 Speaker 1: football field, he knows what he's doing. He's been playing 269 00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:51,160 Speaker 1: for a long time, right And number two he's worried 270 00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:53,800 Speaker 1: about making it out the next Sunday. Two, so's gonna 271 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:56,200 Speaker 1: take it a little easier on himself too. Well, maybe 272 00:15:56,640 --> 00:15:58,480 Speaker 1: they also under report in the NFL, though, just because 273 00:15:58,520 --> 00:16:00,920 Speaker 1: they don't want to like kind word. Called out Ben 274 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,360 Speaker 1: Roethlisberger last week for being a wuss basically for not 275 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:07,360 Speaker 1: playing because he had headaches. A week later, come on, heinz, Yeah, 276 00:16:07,640 --> 00:16:10,200 Speaker 1: he felt bad for it. He did. Yeah, good he should. 277 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:16,200 Speaker 1: Um so Chuck, Yes, we were talking about treatment. Yes, Josh. 278 00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:18,520 Speaker 1: The first thing you should do if you even suspect 279 00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:22,000 Speaker 1: your concussed is stop whatever the heck you were doing 280 00:16:22,040 --> 00:16:25,240 Speaker 1: to get concussed. Do not drop and roll either, just stop. 281 00:16:25,360 --> 00:16:28,440 Speaker 1: Just just stop at the stop no movement. And if 282 00:16:28,560 --> 00:16:30,280 Speaker 1: you should also we should also mentioned that whole thing 283 00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:33,000 Speaker 1: about don't go to sleep if you're concussed. Not true, No, 284 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:35,520 Speaker 1: it's not rest is actually exactly what you know. Chris 285 00:16:35,600 --> 00:16:38,080 Speaker 1: points out sleep deprivation is not a good treatment for 286 00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:40,800 Speaker 1: a concussion. I wouldn't think so. So you should stop 287 00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:44,600 Speaker 1: what you're doing immediately. Um, if you think it's could 288 00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:48,200 Speaker 1: possibly be worse than a concussion, you should, you know, 289 00:16:48,360 --> 00:16:50,400 Speaker 1: immediately go to the doctor. Probably get a CT scan 290 00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:52,760 Speaker 1: or mri I. Although the weird thing is that they 291 00:16:52,800 --> 00:16:56,640 Speaker 1: can't you can't see a concussion, right like you can't 292 00:16:56,680 --> 00:16:59,560 Speaker 1: diagnose a concussion from an m r I or CT scan. 293 00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:02,200 Speaker 1: What they're doing when they do skin you was ruling 294 00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:05,800 Speaker 1: out other types of um traumatic brain injury, Yeah, like 295 00:17:05,840 --> 00:17:09,320 Speaker 1: internal bleeding and that kind of thing. So, uh, a 296 00:17:09,359 --> 00:17:12,520 Speaker 1: minority of uh the cases you you will have something 297 00:17:12,560 --> 00:17:15,520 Speaker 1: called post concussion syndrome, and that can be a couple 298 00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:20,000 Speaker 1: of weeks or months of side effects basically prolonged everything 299 00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:23,560 Speaker 1: we talked about, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, nausea, that kind of thing. 300 00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:27,239 Speaker 1: But that doesn't always happen. That's why concussions are like 301 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:30,919 Speaker 1: still sort of a mystery. Sometimes it sometimes it happens, 302 00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:33,919 Speaker 1: sometimes it doesn't. Some some people recover faster than others. 303 00:17:34,200 --> 00:17:36,000 Speaker 1: It's really hard to diagnose, like you said, because you 304 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:38,640 Speaker 1: can't see it and people under report it. So it's 305 00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:41,440 Speaker 1: really you're up against the battle here trying to get 306 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,840 Speaker 1: it diagnosed and treated correctly. Definitely, but I think groups 307 00:17:44,920 --> 00:17:50,480 Speaker 1: like um, the cst E is that what it was called. Sure, Yeah, 308 00:17:50,560 --> 00:17:54,320 Speaker 1: I think so. Um they you know, once, once they've 309 00:17:54,359 --> 00:17:56,320 Speaker 1: been cracking open the brains, I think the mysteries are 310 00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,000 Speaker 1: starting to be solved a little more. Um. We talked 311 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:01,959 Speaker 1: about how they look like the brains of Alzheimer's patients. 312 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:04,280 Speaker 1: One of the reasons they draw that comparison is not 313 00:18:04,320 --> 00:18:07,960 Speaker 1: just because the symptoms are the same. They actually have 314 00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:13,960 Speaker 1: protein tangles that are characteristic of Alzheimer's in the brains 315 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:19,520 Speaker 1: of multiple concussion sufferers. UM, so they're they're the brains 316 00:18:19,520 --> 00:18:22,160 Speaker 1: can't communicate the brain, the neurons can't communicate with each 317 00:18:22,160 --> 00:18:25,800 Speaker 1: other any longer. Basically, stuff, these protein buildups that should 318 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:28,560 Speaker 1: have been carried out his waist aren't any longer. And 319 00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:30,879 Speaker 1: now they're just coming up the works, which can actually 320 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:33,400 Speaker 1: kill the brain cells, which leads to brain death, which 321 00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:37,680 Speaker 1: leads to death. Wow. Yeah, much more serious. And people think, 322 00:18:37,880 --> 00:18:40,399 Speaker 1: have you ever been concussed? I don't think I have. 323 00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:42,240 Speaker 1: I think I have been a couple of times. My 324 00:18:42,280 --> 00:18:44,800 Speaker 1: little girlfriend has. Really Yeah, I got hit in the 325 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:49,280 Speaker 1: head with a softball bat once and I've never had 326 00:18:49,280 --> 00:18:52,680 Speaker 1: my bell rung like that before. Yeah, not like Managine, 327 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:55,040 Speaker 1: like the dude was in the on deck circle and 328 00:18:55,040 --> 00:19:00,160 Speaker 1: I walked up and didn't see him right there? Did 329 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:04,040 Speaker 1: you go unconscious? But I staggered and you know, saw 330 00:19:04,119 --> 00:19:08,680 Speaker 1: angels above my head. Actually, I may have been concussed 331 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,919 Speaker 1: because I had the same the same symptoms after I 332 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:16,040 Speaker 1: was shooting it a little propane tank with the high 333 00:19:16,040 --> 00:19:19,119 Speaker 1: powered rifle. I'm not kidding. We should say you should 334 00:19:19,160 --> 00:19:21,920 Speaker 1: never ever do something that you think that this. Every 335 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:24,520 Speaker 1: podcast should start out with a disclaimer, like, don't do 336 00:19:24,560 --> 00:19:27,720 Speaker 1: what Josh talks about. Um and I didn't have the 337 00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:33,600 Speaker 1: stock against your shoulder from onst my shoulders. I had 338 00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:36,359 Speaker 1: an under in my armpit and the thing had a 339 00:19:36,440 --> 00:19:40,199 Speaker 1: scope and it was to boom, and um, I just 340 00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:42,359 Speaker 1: looked at my friend and handed him the gun and 341 00:19:42,440 --> 00:19:44,400 Speaker 1: kind of staggered off. And yeah, I was seeing all 342 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:49,160 Speaker 1: sorts of chicks on YouTube. If you searched girl with shotgun, 343 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:52,000 Speaker 1: there's like hundreds of videos of girls that don't know 344 00:19:52,000 --> 00:19:53,960 Speaker 1: how to shoot a rifle properly and getting knocked out. 345 00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:57,000 Speaker 1: That's exactly who And it is not funny on YouTube. 346 00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:59,800 Speaker 1: It's funny because they put the I didn't get knocked out, 347 00:20:00,040 --> 00:20:03,080 Speaker 1: but I still have a scar. You see, I see 348 00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:06,160 Speaker 1: the little crescent right there, that's from the scope. Yeah, 349 00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:09,520 Speaker 1: I bet we've both been concussed. Jerry's like, let's move along. 350 00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:13,040 Speaker 1: Who cares if you've been concussed. We should finish up 351 00:20:13,119 --> 00:20:15,560 Speaker 1: Josh with a little debate. There's some debate in the 352 00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:19,480 Speaker 1: medical community about whether it is a structural or functional 353 00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:22,480 Speaker 1: issue with the damage. Yeah, I think I think that 354 00:20:22,560 --> 00:20:24,600 Speaker 1: the opening up of the brains is starting to show 355 00:20:24,640 --> 00:20:27,840 Speaker 1: that it's um structural. And do you think so? Yeah, 356 00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,760 Speaker 1: the protein tangles is definitely structural. But I guess it 357 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:33,760 Speaker 1: would be both because it's in the structural changes are 358 00:20:33,760 --> 00:20:36,600 Speaker 1: interfering with the function. Well yeah, but some people say 359 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:40,520 Speaker 1: that since a concussion is short lived and you fully recover, 360 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:44,120 Speaker 1: then it may not be structural. Maybe it's from multiple 361 00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:47,440 Speaker 1: concussions or the severity of the concussion. That'd be my guess. Yea, 362 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:51,040 Speaker 1: they both have good points. Do you got anything else, buddy? 363 00:20:51,480 --> 00:20:54,920 Speaker 1: Uh No, that's about it. I think where your bicycle helmets? Kids? 364 00:20:54,920 --> 00:20:58,440 Speaker 1: That's another one. Always always wear your seatbelt. Auto accidents 365 00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:03,280 Speaker 1: are another major source of concussions. Horseback riding incidents, yeah, 366 00:21:03,359 --> 00:21:06,760 Speaker 1: bikes are huge though. Bikes sure, Um, falling in any 367 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:10,520 Speaker 1: any little kids too are in particular danger because they 368 00:21:10,520 --> 00:21:14,440 Speaker 1: haven't gotten their their their coordination, they don't have their 369 00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:16,960 Speaker 1: sea legs yet, so they fall over, hit their head 370 00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:20,879 Speaker 1: and then actually they can prevent their development further on 371 00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:24,720 Speaker 1: in life. Right Um yeah, I think, uh, just being 372 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:28,920 Speaker 1: smart and trying to keep your head safe. And and kids, 373 00:21:28,920 --> 00:21:31,320 Speaker 1: if you're out there playing like touch football and you 374 00:21:31,359 --> 00:21:33,560 Speaker 1: get you know, tackled, and your head hits the ground 375 00:21:33,600 --> 00:21:38,040 Speaker 1: real hard, seriously, stop playing. Your friends might make fun 376 00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:41,480 Speaker 1: of you, but you know, tell him if bign Roethlisberger 377 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:43,240 Speaker 1: can take himself out of a game that I can. 378 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:46,800 Speaker 1: That's what I would say. That's good stuff. Who's ah, 379 00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:50,240 Speaker 1: So that's concussions uh. And if you want to learn 380 00:21:50,280 --> 00:21:52,720 Speaker 1: more about it, you might want to type the word 381 00:21:52,760 --> 00:21:57,240 Speaker 1: concussion uh into the handy search bar how stuff works 382 00:21:57,320 --> 00:22:01,000 Speaker 1: dot com. Uh. And always listen to your uncle Chuck too. 383 00:22:01,160 --> 00:22:03,640 Speaker 1: That was really good advice, Chuck. Thank you, Josh. So 384 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:10,280 Speaker 1: this means it's time for listener Mayo. I'm a professional uncle, 385 00:22:10,320 --> 00:22:14,760 Speaker 1: by the way, uncle to Reagan Shelby Abbey and no one, 386 00:22:14,880 --> 00:22:18,000 Speaker 1: I don't know that your professional or you paid for that. No, 387 00:22:18,359 --> 00:22:21,120 Speaker 1: but I'm good at it. I'm sure you are. It's 388 00:22:21,119 --> 00:22:23,479 Speaker 1: a good it's a good gig, all right. I've got 389 00:22:23,560 --> 00:22:27,480 Speaker 1: two quickies from two cute little kids who wrote and 390 00:22:27,680 --> 00:22:29,600 Speaker 1: I can never turn these down? Are you uncle to 391 00:22:29,680 --> 00:22:34,000 Speaker 1: these kids? Now? This comes from Will in Arlington, Virginia. 392 00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 1: He's twelve. Hi, guys. After hearing your podcast How Flirting Works, 393 00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:41,080 Speaker 1: I realized how much I flirt with girls on a 394 00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:44,920 Speaker 1: daily basis. With me being twelve and relationships and dates 395 00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:47,760 Speaker 1: being just around the corner, I feel middle school would 396 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:51,159 Speaker 1: be the perfect time to fetch myself a gal. You're kidding. 397 00:22:51,400 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: I know. I was not like this when I was twelve. 398 00:22:54,440 --> 00:22:59,080 Speaker 1: I was like meet girls? Uh? Was that me when 399 00:22:59,119 --> 00:23:02,760 Speaker 1: I was swell for me? Thank God I'm married. I 400 00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:05,359 Speaker 1: do like some girls, but I'm too shy to tell them. 401 00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:07,520 Speaker 1: I also think some girls like me, but they're too 402 00:23:07,520 --> 00:23:09,920 Speaker 1: shy to tell me. I feel left out, So please 403 00:23:09,920 --> 00:23:11,520 Speaker 1: help me. Did you give me some tips on getting 404 00:23:11,560 --> 00:23:14,400 Speaker 1: a girl? Maybe some things I should do or tell 405 00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:17,640 Speaker 1: them and know, Josh, I will not moon them. Could 406 00:23:17,680 --> 00:23:19,680 Speaker 1: you give me a shout out as well? Then any 407 00:23:19,680 --> 00:23:22,119 Speaker 1: girls who like me, we'll hear the shout out and 408 00:23:22,119 --> 00:23:24,520 Speaker 1: they will be impressed. So this is the shout out. 409 00:23:25,080 --> 00:23:26,920 Speaker 1: Did you didn't say his last name? Did you don't 410 00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:30,560 Speaker 1: think we're out to just Will in Arlington, Virginia twelve? 411 00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:33,680 Speaker 1: So will We'll say? Like we said in the Flirting podcast, 412 00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,840 Speaker 1: that my advice at your age, my friend, if you 413 00:23:36,840 --> 00:23:39,320 Speaker 1: want to get ahead of the game, be nice to girls, 414 00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:42,560 Speaker 1: because a lot of guys that age think it's fun 415 00:23:42,600 --> 00:23:44,560 Speaker 1: to kind of tease and not be nice to girls. 416 00:23:44,760 --> 00:23:46,760 Speaker 1: And you learned later on that being nice to girls 417 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:49,520 Speaker 1: will get you farther. You learn that now, little buddy, 418 00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:53,119 Speaker 1: then you will be ahead of your peers. That's great again, 419 00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:55,760 Speaker 1: great advice, Chuck and be funny. That was the other one, right, 420 00:23:56,000 --> 00:24:00,359 Speaker 1: Sure you got anything? Uh? Confidence will confidence? Have comp vidence, 421 00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:02,840 Speaker 1: and don't just fetch a gal. To fetch a gal, 422 00:24:03,320 --> 00:24:05,639 Speaker 1: make sure that you like the girl and she likes you, 423 00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:07,520 Speaker 1: and you both treat each other right, and just go 424 00:24:07,600 --> 00:24:10,880 Speaker 1: from there. But treat her with respect. You'll fetch a gal, 425 00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:14,320 Speaker 1: all right? Sure? Okay, so this comes from this next 426 00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:16,160 Speaker 1: one is from Katie, who was a freshman in high 427 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:20,359 Speaker 1: school in Florida. Unfortunately, because she could potentially be hooked 428 00:24:20,400 --> 00:24:23,760 Speaker 1: up with will Uh, Katie wrote us a poem. I 429 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:26,240 Speaker 1: was really sad when Hiku theater ended, which it has, 430 00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:28,600 Speaker 1: and I wanted to write in with a poem, but 431 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:32,200 Speaker 1: didn't have the inspiration. Luckily a bird provided. That's life 432 00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:34,280 Speaker 1: for me to write this for you guys, Could you 433 00:24:34,280 --> 00:24:38,040 Speaker 1: read this one? It's very good, oh bird, Your short 434 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:41,440 Speaker 1: or long existence may or may not have been wonderful. 435 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:45,800 Speaker 1: Your mate, girlfriend or mother will miss you. Parentheses, maybe 436 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:49,760 Speaker 1: we will mourn you forever or until we forget. We 437 00:24:49,840 --> 00:24:52,400 Speaker 1: will never forget your plight to get to the cafeteria. 438 00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:56,280 Speaker 1: But alas the window was in the way the windex 439 00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:59,520 Speaker 1: it is clean with is your murderer. Your vengeance will 440 00:24:59,560 --> 00:25:02,240 Speaker 1: go und and we aren't sorry at all. Dear bird, 441 00:25:02,720 --> 00:25:06,000 Speaker 1: all your dreams were broken in an instant like your neck. Oh, 442 00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:10,360 Speaker 1: dear Bertie, your life is over now, and that is awesome. 443 00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:14,800 Speaker 1: It is. That's Kate, Katie, Katie. He's a freshman in 444 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:20,080 Speaker 1: high school in uh Florida. Katie hates birds. Concussed bird, 445 00:25:21,440 --> 00:25:23,480 Speaker 1: which is no debt. So those are two cute little 446 00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:25,960 Speaker 1: kids that wrote in and they like that. Thank you both, 447 00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:30,080 Speaker 1: Katie and Will and all of our young listeners. We 448 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:32,480 Speaker 1: think very highly of you. And you know what, let's 449 00:25:32,480 --> 00:25:34,359 Speaker 1: send to leave at that. We think highly of all 450 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:37,560 Speaker 1: of our listeners, don't each other. We also think especially 451 00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:41,639 Speaker 1: highly of our listeners who donate to Kiva. Yeah, Keiva 452 00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:47,560 Speaker 1: dot org. We have a membership loan team. Yeah you heard. 453 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:50,359 Speaker 1: Our team is so serious. It's awesome too. Do We 454 00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:54,320 Speaker 1: almost have one thousand members on our team almost. I 455 00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:57,320 Speaker 1: think that makes us like the tenth largest something like that. 456 00:25:57,400 --> 00:25:59,520 Speaker 1: Pretty cool. Um, So yeah, if you want to join 457 00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:01,760 Speaker 1: our Keiva team, we'd love it if you did. Um. 458 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:03,880 Speaker 1: You can make a donation as low as twenty five 459 00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:07,720 Speaker 1: bucks and it gets repaid. Kiva also has gift certificates 460 00:26:07,880 --> 00:26:10,840 Speaker 1: for Christmas. For Christmas or any holiday that you give 461 00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:14,560 Speaker 1: a gift on right chunture, you can go to www 462 00:26:14,640 --> 00:26:19,560 Speaker 1: dot kiva dot org, slash team slash stuff you Should 463 00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,320 Speaker 1: Know and join and donate right and if you want 464 00:26:23,320 --> 00:26:25,399 Speaker 1: to send Chuck in Eye an email um whether you 465 00:26:25,400 --> 00:26:29,560 Speaker 1: are twelve, fourteen eighty two or the wholdest living person 466 00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:33,119 Speaker 1: on the planet, you can send that to Stuff podcast 467 00:26:33,480 --> 00:26:40,199 Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com. For more on this 468 00:26:40,359 --> 00:26:42,879 Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff works 469 00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:46,320 Speaker 1: dot com. Want more how stuff works, check out our 470 00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:48,760 Speaker 1: blogs on the house. Stuff works dot com home page 471 00:26:51,720 --> 00:26:54,280 Speaker 1: brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 472 00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:55,800 Speaker 1: It's ready, Are you