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Speaker 1: Hi, this is newt twenty twenty is going to be

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Speaker 1: one of the most extraordinary election years of our lifetime.

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Speaker 1: I want to invite you to join my Inner Circle

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Speaker 1: as we discuss each twist and turn in the race

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Speaker 1: one or two year membership, I'll send you a free

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Speaker 1: Circle dot com Code free Book. This offer ends January

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Speaker 1: thirty first. On this episode of Newts World, we choose

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Speaker 1: to go to the Move. We choose to go to

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Speaker 1: the move. We choose to go to the Moon and

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Speaker 1: dis decade and do the other things not because they

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Speaker 1: are easy, but because they are odd. From the time

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Speaker 1: President Kennedy gave that historic speech at Rice University Stadium

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Speaker 1: on September twelfth, nineteen sixty two. Americans imagined the day

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Speaker 1: on July sixteenth, nineteen sixty nine, when the Apollo eleven

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Speaker 1: Saturn five lifted off from Kennedy's Space Center Launch Complex

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Speaker 1: thirty nine eight on merrit Island, Florida. Minors an nine

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Speaker 1: eight for main Engine Dark. We have main Engine Dark

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Speaker 1: four three two one. They're all pleasure aboard the flight

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Speaker 1: and leading the mission was Commander Neil Armstrong, Command module

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Speaker 1: pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module pilot Edwin buzz Aldrin, Junior.

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Speaker 1: And estimated twenty percent of the world's population watched Neil

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Speaker 1: Armstrong and buzz Aldrin walk on the Moon for the

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Speaker 1: first time. It was a global event. On July twentieth,

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Speaker 1: twenty nineteen, we'll celebrate fifty years of landing on the Moon.

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Speaker 1: I'm pleased to welcome as my guests doctor buzz Aldron

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Speaker 1: and NASA Chief Historian Bill Berry. When the night we

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Speaker 1: landed in the Moon, I was on the way to

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Speaker 1: Brussels with my family to work on my dissertation, and

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Speaker 1: we stopped at a friend's house for the night and

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Speaker 1: happened to be there able with them watched the land

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Speaker 1: and it was a remarkable experience, and as somebody who'd

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Speaker 1: been reading Missiles and Rockets magazine since nineteen fifty eight,

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Speaker 1: there was an astonishing sense of anything was possible. It

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Speaker 1: was an incredible time to be an American. One Dimple

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Speaker 1: Buzz Aldren has been a close personal friend of mine

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Speaker 1: for many years. He is an American icon and incidentally

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Speaker 1: the inspiration for Buzz light Year in the Toy Story movies.

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Speaker 1: I think you'll find his journey to becoming an astronaut

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Speaker 1: a fascinating one. And just a note about the audio quality.

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Speaker 1: I happened to be in a studio in Rome while

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Speaker 1: Buzz was on his cell phone and Strasburg. You may

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Speaker 1: at times have a hard time understanding Buzz, but listen closely.

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Speaker 1: It's worth it. As I understand that your father wanted

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Speaker 1: you to go to the Naval Academy, but you ended

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Speaker 1: up picking West Point. Why did you pick West Point? Well,

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Speaker 1: I told my father that I got C sick when

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Speaker 1: I was at Suffer Camp in Maine and went deep

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Speaker 1: C visions at age nine. And besides, I wanted to

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Speaker 1: fly airplanes. And why in the world when I wanted

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Speaker 1: to land an airplane on top of a bobbling short

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Speaker 1: roadway on the ship when I could land an airplane,

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Speaker 1: and a nice long rugaway on the surface of the earth.

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Speaker 1: Once you graduated, you ended up flying in the last

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Speaker 1: six or seven months of the Korean War, and you

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Speaker 1: were flying F eighty six. What was your experience of

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Speaker 1: that combat? You had some mechanical challenges while you're in Korea,

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Speaker 1: which kind of helped prepare you for the mechanical failures

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Speaker 1: in Gemini twelve and a after my second maid shot down,

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Speaker 1: it was fifty sixty miles into Manchuria, and I was

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Speaker 1: climbing back south to the base all alone, and it

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Speaker 1: wasn't climbing as fast as I thought it would be,

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Speaker 1: and I realized that I still had my stool breaks out,

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Speaker 1: and of course that made me pretty vulnerable sin a

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Speaker 1: climbe that's not quite the best speed in case, some

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Speaker 1: made happiness in me heading south mechanical. Now, when I

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Speaker 1: came back, I instructed in going to reach at Las Vegas,

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Speaker 1: And one time I was testing aircraft effort. It had

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Speaker 1: aganathy chage, so I took it up to altitude and

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Speaker 1: then turning the heat up increases the pressure, and all

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Speaker 1: of a sudden there was a big explosion, and I

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Speaker 1: looked at the fire warning light. Everything appeared normal, but

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Speaker 1: the canopy had completely blowed off due to the pressure,

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Speaker 1: but the ceiling somehow had not been secure. I was

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Speaker 1: made to General Zimmerman. The theme at the Air Force

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Speaker 1: Academy when I when the first class came in and

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Speaker 1: I would buy him around and I did the kind

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Speaker 1: of a bumping understorm was that it up the wings

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Speaker 1: and the tail and we were landing and went runway

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Speaker 1: and I had to open the canopy, had to slow down.

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Speaker 1: He still he saw the runway and quite it deep.

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Speaker 1: But that was really very fortunate. Beast Night can recall

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Speaker 1: in terms of this with aircraft. So when you get

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Speaker 1: back home, you go to Germany briefly as a flight commander,

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Speaker 1: but then you go to MIT. And I got the

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Speaker 1: sense by then you you're already looking at space in

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Speaker 1: the moon. I mean, you're doctor othesis line of sight

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Speaker 1: guidance techniques for manned orbal rendezvous. How could it be

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Speaker 1: better considering what you wanted to end up doing well?

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Speaker 1: When I arrived from the Air Force Academy, were was

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Speaker 1: my last assignment for going to Germany supply supersonic et

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Speaker 1: one hundreds. But I got over there, I saw a

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Speaker 1: good friend of mine and White, who was in a squadron.

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Speaker 1: He was a year behind me at West Boy, and

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Speaker 1: he said, you've got to get into this very spirited

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Speaker 1: squadron party second squad. So I did, and after a

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Speaker 1: while he rotated back. And when fifty seven, we had

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Speaker 1: been patrolling the border, but then we became tack fights

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Speaker 1: because of the Russian enough tag scording in the Budapest

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Speaker 1: so attack writers now on alert with a nuclear weapon.

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Speaker 1: So this happened in mid nineteen fifty seven. So when

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Speaker 1: that little thing went over in the sky, but Nick,

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Speaker 1: it really didn't make that much of an impression on me.

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Speaker 1: There are other things that kind of occupied my mind.

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Speaker 1: Maybe several months later, Life magazine came out. So when

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Speaker 1: I went to MT there was no real assurance at all.

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Speaker 1: I was in a two year masters program. So when

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Speaker 1: I began to look into things that might study, another

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Speaker 1: fighter pilot had extended to your career another year and

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Speaker 1: a half or so. I decided I do the same thing,

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Speaker 1: and then began looking around, and I figured, well, airplanes

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Speaker 1: after intercept each other and train for combat by intercepting

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Speaker 1: a toe target so if you could get on a

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Speaker 1: standard intercept and do the best training, that that's the

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Speaker 1: way we ought to make fund to do by creating

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Speaker 1: a situation where you can then get on a standardized intercept,

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Speaker 1: and concentric orbits allowed you to do that. So I

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Speaker 1: began to develop a rendezvous philosophy, and it just so

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Speaker 1: happened when I turned to my pisis near the end

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Speaker 1: of sixty two. That was just about the same time

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Speaker 1: that a selection was made between heavy lifts and big spacecraft,

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Speaker 1: the Warner Ron Browns and the more sophisticated techniques of

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Speaker 1: John Hoopold proposing rooter or rundezvous where two spacecraft would

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Speaker 1: be taken to the Moon, but the crew crew too

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Speaker 1: again in the ladder explore then come back up the

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Speaker 1: brandezvous or their return back to Earth. A lot of

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Speaker 1: people judge that you may be a little bit risky.

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Speaker 1: So before I left the for my assignment back in

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Speaker 1: the Air Force, I decided, well, let me take my computer,

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Speaker 1: rugs punch cards and change the gravity field of the Earth,

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Speaker 1: of the gravity of the Moon, and the londezvous want

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Speaker 1: to very very nicely, very easy. So the point I'm

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Speaker 1: making there's my concentric orbit condezvous kind of dove failed

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Speaker 1: into the decision for lunar orbit Rondezvoup. So then the

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Speaker 1: rendezvous missions on Gemity program continue to emphasize that, and

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Speaker 1: then during the follow we used orb rendezvous with essentially

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Speaker 1: the concentric orbit techniques that I had developed. Let me

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Speaker 1: ask you for a second, because I've noticed that your

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Speaker 1: work at MT was so groundbreaking and the doctorate that

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Speaker 1: you had made you so different from most of the

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Speaker 1: asknats that I understand that a bunch of them called

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Speaker 1: you doctor Rendezvous. Was that true? Well, for the not

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Speaker 1: exactly adoring terminology coming from a Navy Charrier landing test

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Speaker 1: pilot to an egghead from MT, that's not always an

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Speaker 1: enduring term. It's back of a little jealousy and whatever,

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Speaker 1: all in good or. Of course, as I understanded, your

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Speaker 1: specialty back in Apollo was mission planning, trajectory analysis, and

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Speaker 1: flight planes. So in a way you have sort of

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Speaker 1: the perfect experience for the kind of thinking you're talking about.

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Speaker 1: That learned that. Yeah, we went to the mood from

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Speaker 1: the Earth. We wanted to have an assurance that if

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Speaker 1: anything went wrong, we would come back to Earth, and

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Speaker 1: it was called a free returned exactly. We never had

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Speaker 1: to use that, but I wondered years later what would

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Speaker 1: happened if we came back from the Moon and then

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Speaker 1: swung by the Earth again and went back out, but

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Speaker 1: the Moon wouldn't be there. So we have a couple

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Speaker 1: of holding patterns until the moon came around again. And

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Speaker 1: that became the essence in nineteen eighty five of a

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Speaker 1: cycling or how I knew at that time. Yes, thatstor

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Speaker 1: that louder or Beck Brandey Brew was clearly the best

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Speaker 1: way to get people and things on the Earth through

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Speaker 1: the selcas of the boom. When we come back, we'll

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Speaker 1: talk about a launch day July sixteenth, nineteen sixty nine,

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Speaker 1: and the valve leak on the Saturn five that had

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Speaker 1: millions in suspense about the mission. I don't ask a

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Speaker 1: couple of questions of what actually happened. I was told

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Speaker 1: that literally when you were on the way to the

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Speaker 1: launch pad, that launch control discovered there's a hydrogen leak

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Speaker 1: in the valve on the Saturn five, and the technicians

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Speaker 1: were literally tightening the bolts about two hours and forty

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Speaker 1: three minutes before your launch, literally as your transport van

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Speaker 1: is pulling up. I mean, did you know about the

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Speaker 1: leak as you were coming up to the launch pad. Frankly,

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Speaker 1: it was a detail that we may have heard something

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Speaker 1: about there working on a problem and they think it

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Speaker 1: can work it out. But I think all of the

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Speaker 1: crews have either observed or had a slip late in

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Speaker 1: the countdown or the day before launch, and it just

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Speaker 1: really nurses. You have to go back and start all

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Speaker 1: over again. So it's something you'd really like to avoid

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Speaker 1: if at all possible, And of course the crow doesn't

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Speaker 1: have control over that, but it's very we're leaving to

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Speaker 1: hear the count pound the when he gets stamped to zero.

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Speaker 1: There's no real noise that reaches up to the command module,

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Speaker 1: but we hear somebody on the ground say lift off.

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Speaker 1: You can't feel anything, but the instruments began to move,

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Speaker 1: and all three of us remarked at the words that

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Speaker 1: just had the feeling that we were no longer connected

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Speaker 1: to the ground, but we were beginning to move, and

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Speaker 1: this move gradual acceleration, as you can see to the

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Speaker 1: films that are taken sideways and Saturday lifting golf. When

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Speaker 1: you start talking about feel I was reminded, if I

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Speaker 1: got this downright, that the fuel was really low on

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Speaker 1: the descent during the Apollo eleven permission. Were you ever

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Speaker 1: concerned about fuel in that whole experience. We are always

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Speaker 1: concerned about fuel. But that's the question of fuel consumption,

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Speaker 1: the rated descent. How far away is the is the

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Speaker 1: lending site. But if you want the truth of the matter,

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Speaker 1: LAMB five, on our flight, coming off the production line

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Speaker 1: a year and a half two years earlier, was overweight

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Speaker 1: for a landing. LAMB six was the first lander that

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Speaker 1: was quite enough, and if that had been the first landing,

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Speaker 1: it had been the middle of October. But the program

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Speaker 1: manager for LAMB five wanted his lander to land, so

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Speaker 1: he felt he could colt on some reserves from this

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Speaker 1: that of five to some other reductions. So he went

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Speaker 1: to see George Lowe and he said, George, if I

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Speaker 1: could reduce the weight on left five, will you guarantee

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Speaker 1: that it'll be a lander? And George says, well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: of course, we want to a google or a month

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Speaker 1: to be able to get to the boat some When

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Speaker 1: the crew assignments came out and Apollo eleven had commanded

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Speaker 1: bach On one four and Lant five, it was going

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Speaker 1: to be the first landing. Now I didn't learn that

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Speaker 1: until a couple of years afterwards. So as I understand you,

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Speaker 1: you actually landed with an earlier, heavier lander which had

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Speaker 1: worse fuel requirements, so that that particular member of the

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Speaker 1: team could have his lander on the first moon landing. Well,

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Speaker 1: the weight did meet the limits as prescribed, but they

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Speaker 1: were not for the over abundance of margin. So other

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Speaker 1: situations came up in the terrible plays, which dictated that

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Speaker 1: we extend the landing a little further down range, and

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Speaker 1: that's of course themselves for fuel. We've known each other

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Speaker 1: a long time and I've never actually asked you this,

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Speaker 1: but when you look back at this magic moment, which

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Speaker 1: in the entire history of the human race, you know,

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Speaker 1: you and Deal Armstrong will always be at a magic

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Speaker 1: inflection point when things were never the same again afterwards,

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Speaker 1: I mean, how does it feel to be that historic

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Speaker 1: a figure and you're recognized all over the world, and

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Speaker 1: you know, and you've continued to be an active advocate

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Speaker 1: for space travel and for scientific advancement. I'm distrassed about

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Speaker 1: how you deal with being buzz altern and being a

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Speaker 1: historic thing year and you know you're permanently as long

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Speaker 1: as human beings are around, you're going to be a

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Speaker 1: figure that's there because you were part of the beginning

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Speaker 1: of the next phase of the human race. Well we

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Speaker 1: didn't realize that, of course, when when Apole twelve the

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Speaker 1: golf would be comrad and Alan being and they made

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Speaker 1: such a great precision landing, and then Paul thirteen had

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Speaker 1: difficulties with the oxygen tank and the ground team did

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Speaker 1: what is expected from them, and it was not a

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Speaker 1: miracle they were brought back. It was that the ground

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Speaker 1: people at mission control did what they were expected to

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Speaker 1: be able to do. And the phrase failure is not

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Speaker 1: an option, maybe a cute phrase, but if you believe

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Speaker 1: that means you don't think something that can appail, so

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Speaker 1: you don't trade for it, because failure is an option. Now,

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Speaker 1: once you have a failure and you want to tell

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Speaker 1: the people working on it, but they've got to bring

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Speaker 1: them back safe lature and at that point failure of

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Speaker 1: people responsible is not an option. But I think that's

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Speaker 1: a term that is just overused and it bypasses how

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Speaker 1: much effort has to be put into every possible thing

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Speaker 1: that can go wrong and the best you can do

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Speaker 1: have prevented or pro trade for how you deal with it,

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Speaker 1: it does happen. What is your favorite memory from that

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Speaker 1: whole experience fifty years ago, when, of course we got

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Speaker 1: back in after the industry on the outside, I close

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Speaker 1: the hatch. We connected up to the inside oxygen electrical supply,

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Speaker 1: and then we were disconnected from the backpacks. So we

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Speaker 1: keep pressure eyed again and through the backpacks out of

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Speaker 1: the hatch. Now when they hit the ground the sized

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Speaker 1: bombitter that I had deployed, they could hear them hit

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Speaker 1: the ground back in Houston. We close the hatch, we

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Speaker 1: pressure eyed again, and having expanded oxygen into the cabin twice,

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Speaker 1: I began to get rather chili in there. So I

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Speaker 1: have used the childhood term the neel. I take dibbs

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Speaker 1: on the floor. That was the only smooth place you

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Speaker 1: could lie down. So I lay down on the floor

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Speaker 1: with my head on the co pilot side, and Neil

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Speaker 1: sat back on the engine cover and rigged just beat

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Speaker 1: up somewhere, so it was fairly comfortable. So I looked

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Speaker 1: over at the dust that we had tracked in, and

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Speaker 1: there was something that didn't look like it belonged there.

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Speaker 1: A little through their examination established that it was a

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Speaker 1: broken circuit breaker. So it was on my side of

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Speaker 1: the cabin. So I decided to get up and look

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Speaker 1: at the rows of circuit breakers, of which are out

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Speaker 1: and some of which are in, depending on the needs

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Speaker 1: for that time of pomission. And certainly there was one

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Speaker 1: that was not in and not out. It was the

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Speaker 1: engine arm circuit breaker. That's the one when you get

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Speaker 1: ready to light the decent engine, you push it in.

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Speaker 1: After you land, you pull it out. When you get

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Speaker 1: ready to come back home with the sent engine, you

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Speaker 1: push it in and you come back home. Well, if

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Speaker 1: you can't push it in, you may not get back home.

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Speaker 1: So what did you do? That wasn't an malfunction checklist?

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Speaker 1: And there wasn't this good diver to undo the pwel

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Speaker 1: and expose all of electricity behind it. So here is

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Speaker 1: where we missed one of the classic terms. Space, Houston,

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Speaker 1: you've got a problem. So anyway, we told them what

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Speaker 1: it was, and they said, well, yeah, all right, we're

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Speaker 1: going to get a bunch of people to look into

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Speaker 1: all the circuits to see if we can figure out

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Speaker 1: some way. So while we're doing that, we'll tell you

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Speaker 1: about it. But you guys up there just go to sleep.

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Speaker 1: Were you able to go to sleep. What the hell

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Speaker 1: else can we do? I looked at Deil to see

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Speaker 1: if he was smiling, and he wasn't smiling. When you

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Speaker 1: got awake, did they solve it? They said, we couldn't

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Speaker 1: find any way around us, So we're going to change

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Speaker 1: the procedure. And instead of and fifteen seconds before lipt

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Speaker 1: off where you would daughtally pushed the circuit breaker in,

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Speaker 1: we're going to try and do something. Two hours ahead

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Speaker 1: was electricity, but I got a ball point pen. But

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Speaker 1: that's metal. Maybe that's not too good either. So I

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Speaker 1: had my favorite was a boat at pen that I

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Speaker 1: used to write the numbers down for the backup procedures

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Speaker 1: and stood out a whole lot more than thank So

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Speaker 1: I use it, felt Jef Benn and push it in

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Speaker 1: and Houston says, yeah, we got we got power. Oh

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Speaker 1: we got to the countdown. That's top and we came out.

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Speaker 1: You had to spend twenty one days in isolation. When

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Speaker 1: you got back, what did you think about for three weeks? Well,

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Speaker 1: we did a lot of deep briefings during that time.

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Speaker 1: If you're in quarantine, were they debriefing you by telephone

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Speaker 1: or were they coming in? There's a glass window, and

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Speaker 1: the first deep briefing was to executive advantagement, so we

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Speaker 1: start of started with nipped off. Apollo was in some

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Speaker 1: ways the most famous thing you've done. The truth is

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Speaker 1: you've been a leader on getting humans out into space

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Speaker 1: for your entire lifetime, and you've had an astonishing and

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Speaker 1: very long career. How would you like to be remembered?

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Speaker 1: What's the core of buzz Aldren that you wish people

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Speaker 1: a hundred years from now knew about. I really hope

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Speaker 1: that the contributions of John Hoopol that succeeded in designing

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Speaker 1: the basic philosophy of carrying out Apollo. I hope that

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Speaker 1: the expansion of that which corrects the philosophy of gateway

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Speaker 1: and way stations, and is able to use some of

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Speaker 1: those early items to give us either laboratories in Earth

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Speaker 1: orbit or to accelerate getting back to the Moon and

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Speaker 1: allowing us to not be hung up on the Sos

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Speaker 1: and o'rian. Because I absolutely few a number of people,

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Speaker 1: as we demonstrate it cold join Meal on the crew

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Speaker 1: of the first landing, but very very few could have

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Speaker 1: done what I think I've been very fortunate to have

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Speaker 1: been able to do. But it took an education, a

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Speaker 1: curiosity of her mind and an experience and a career,

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Speaker 1: and the need to make alterations and collections as politically

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Speaker 1: unpopular as I'm quite sure they are going to be.

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Speaker 1: I'm very grateful that you agreed to do this. I

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Speaker 1: hope you'll really feel like we did justice to your

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Speaker 1: remarkable life. Absolutely, thanks so much. Coming up, NASA Chief

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Speaker 1: Historian Bill Berry reminds us of the historical importance of

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Speaker 1: the Apollo Love admission. I'm pleased to be joined by

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Speaker 1: NASA Chief Historian Bill Berry. Bill, as NASA's chief historian,

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Speaker 1: what do you think really set the Apollo eleven mission

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Speaker 1: to the Moon apart? What historical impact did the mission have? Well,

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Speaker 1: I think four things that considered the legacy of the

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Speaker 1: Apolic program. One is that it achieved the primary political goal,

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Speaker 1: beating the Soviet unions of the Moon. It was so

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Speaker 1: successful in doing that that we don't even think about

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Speaker 1: that as kind of the primary objective anymore. You know,

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Speaker 1: people don't even think about the race of the Moon.

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Speaker 1: In fact, there really was a race of the Moon. Ultimately,

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Speaker 1: the Soviet government depended heavily on space accomplishments as a

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Speaker 1: means of legitimacy both inside the Soviet Union and outside,

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Speaker 1: and being beaten to the moon by the United States.

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Speaker 1: It was a really big blow to them in terms

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Speaker 1: of legitimacy of their government. The undermining of the legitimacy

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Speaker 1: of the Soviet government by bedion of the Moon had

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Speaker 1: corrosive effects on the body politics and the Soviet Union,

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Speaker 1: and I think contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

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Speaker 1: So that's one the legacy, I think A simpler one

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Speaker 1: perhaps is we completely change our understanding of the origin

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Speaker 1: and history of the Moon and therefore the Solar system

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Speaker 1: and a lot about the world around us. So that

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Speaker 1: samples from the Moon proved that the Moon and the

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Speaker 1: Earth were formed out of collision of two big bodies

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Speaker 1: that recoalesced into the current Earth Moon system. That's some

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Speaker 1: interesting impacts on what we do things, what we think

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Speaker 1: about the world in the universe today. The third thing

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Speaker 1: is that PAULA was a huge technological boost the economy

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Speaker 1: across the broad front. This played out in lots of

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Speaker 1: different ways, but in part because it was done as

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Speaker 1: an open public program and done with those twenty thousand

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Speaker 1: different companies across the United States. The technology that was

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Speaker 1: developed through the Apollo program immediately proliferated out into the

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Speaker 1: public sphere. That's had huge impact money, economy. The legacy

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Speaker 1: Apollo is that the program is provided in inspiration to

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Speaker 1: an entire generation, maybe a couple of generations of people

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Speaker 1: who went into engineering and science fields and much greater numbers.

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Speaker 1: I'm one of those people. There was a threefold increase

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Speaker 1: in the number of science and the gerry phdse United

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Speaker 1: States between the mid sixties and the mid seventies. And

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Speaker 1: even people who didn't go into science and a gerring

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Speaker 1: career fields that came out of the Polar experience with

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Speaker 1: a belief that great things can be accomplished. A phrase

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Speaker 1: if we could put a person on moving, certainly we

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Speaker 1: can do fill in the blank. I think that the

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Speaker 1: Apolo program had a huge impact on the mindset of

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Speaker 1: America and the world. The Apollo eleven mission was fueled

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Speaker 1: by the American Soviet space race, but it was American

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Speaker 1: ingenuity and determination that got us there. Neil Armstrong and

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Speaker 1: buzz Aldren are the human symbols of a mission that

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Speaker 1: proved we as Americans can do anything we set our

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Speaker 1: minds to and decide to invest in space Race is

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Speaker 1: it over? A Trump administration under Vice President Pence and

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Speaker 1: NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstein's leadership is looking at the future

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Speaker 1: of space travel with a NASA program called the Moon

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Speaker 1: to Mars. Working with US companies and international partners, NASA

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Speaker 1: will push the boundaries of human exploration forward to the

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Speaker 1: Moon and on to Mars. NASA is working to establish

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Speaker 1: a permanent human presence on the Moon within the next

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Speaker 1: decade to uncover new scientific discoveries and lay the foundation

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Speaker 1: for private companies to build a lunar economy. Will it

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Speaker 1: be achievable? It's a great question, one we will explore

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Speaker 1: in an upcoming podcast episode about the incredible next phase

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Speaker 1: of space exploration. Thank you to my guest doctor Buzz

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Speaker 1: Aldrin and NASA Chief Historian Bill Berry. I also want

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Speaker 1: to thank NASA for the use of the historic audio

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Speaker 1: featured in this episode. You can read more about the

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Speaker 1: Apollo Love admission and hear Bill Berry's entire interview about

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Speaker 1: the history of the space Race and landing on the

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Speaker 1: Moon on our show page at newtsworld dot com. Newtsworld

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Speaker 1: is produced by Westwood One. Our executive producer is Debbie Myers,

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Speaker 1: and our producer is Garnsey Slow, our editor is Robert Boroski,

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Speaker 1: and our researcher is Rachel Peterson. Our guest booker is

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Speaker 1: Grace Davis. The artwork for the show was created by

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Speaker 1: Steve Pendley. The music was composed by Joey Salvia. Special

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Speaker 1: thanks to the team at GINGWIS three sixty and Westwood Ones,

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Speaker 1: John Wardock and Robert Mathers. Please email me with their

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Speaker 1: comments at newt at newtsworld dot com. If you've been

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Speaker 1: enjoying Newtsworld, I hope you'll go to Apple Podcast and

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Speaker 1: both rate us with five stars and give us a

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Speaker 1: review so others can learn what it's all about. On

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Speaker 1: the next episode of Newswork, He's been called one of

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Speaker 1: the greatest American spy novelist ever. Number one New York

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Speaker 1: Times bestselling author Daniel Silva joins me to talk about

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Speaker 1: his latest novel, The New Girl. Had a couple hundred

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Speaker 1: pages of this story see this little news item that

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Speaker 1: a contributing columnist for the Washington Posts had gone missing.

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Speaker 1: Within a couple of days, it was clear what had happened,

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Speaker 1: and I had to take that entire manuscript and throw

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Speaker 1: it out and start over. I'm Newt Kingwig. This is Newsworp,

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Speaker 1: the Westwood one podcast network,