WEBVTT - How the Human Microbiome Project Works 0:00:01.440 --> 0:00:04.600 Welcome to you stuff. You should know front House stuff 0:00:04.600 --> 0:00:13.000 where its dot com. Hey you, and welcome to the podcast. 0:00:13.039 --> 0:00:15.920 And Josh Clark, I almost just forgot what I was 0:00:15.960 --> 0:00:20.200 gonna say your name. Yeah. Uh, there's Charles w. Chok 0:00:20.280 --> 0:00:26.040 Pribb piping in, and there's the trio. Yeah, the trifecta 0:00:26.640 --> 0:00:31.480 and it's terrible Ikea lamp. Uh do you think, well 0:00:31.520 --> 0:00:33.199 we are getting a little heat off of it right now? 0:00:33.280 --> 0:00:35.640 It's a nice Did you ever see that Ikea commercial 0:00:35.680 --> 0:00:37.640 about the lamp that was thrown out on the street. No, 0:00:37.960 --> 0:00:40.320 it was really good. Well what happened to it? Was 0:00:40.320 --> 0:00:42.519 it like the monkey at the Ikea? No, it was 0:00:42.720 --> 0:00:45.519 like a lamp gets thrown out with the like someone's 0:00:45.560 --> 0:00:48.080 just redoing parts of their apartment and the lamp is 0:00:49.560 --> 0:00:52.040 kicked to the curve as a computer animated. So it's 0:00:52.159 --> 0:00:56.720 it's a human formed not human forms? What am I saying? Anthropogenic? 0:00:57.280 --> 0:00:59.920 Anthropomorphized and like looks up at the apartment that he 0:01:00.080 --> 0:01:01.680 is just thrown out of it and stuff like that. 0:01:02.120 --> 0:01:04.240 Does he go back to Sweden? I don't. I don't 0:01:04.240 --> 0:01:07.959 remember how it ends. Just remember the lamp like turns 0:01:07.959 --> 0:01:10.520 out human. It was sad. It was like sad. Okay, 0:01:10.520 --> 0:01:13.080 I got teared up. Did you go buy one of 0:01:13.080 --> 0:01:17.920 those lamps? No, it didn't work. Um, so, I guess 0:01:17.920 --> 0:01:20.400 you're feeling pretty good since we're talking about lamps and everything, 0:01:21.200 --> 0:01:23.600 and lamps I do. That means it's a good days. 0:01:23.640 --> 0:01:27.360 A clear signal checks in a good mood everybody. Uh. 0:01:27.720 --> 0:01:29.200 You know. One of the reasons why you're in a 0:01:29.240 --> 0:01:37.919 good mood because your guts are functioning properly. Yeah, ish, yeah, 0:01:38.120 --> 0:01:41.800 you know me, it's day to day. Yeah, with my stomach. Well, 0:01:42.200 --> 0:01:47.000 that's exactly right. Things change very quickly because of your stomach, 0:01:47.040 --> 0:01:48.800 and your stomach can't affect your mood. As a matter 0:01:48.800 --> 0:01:51.480 of fact, the vast majority of the serotonin, which is 0:01:51.480 --> 0:01:56.400 a mood stabilizing neurotransmitter, is produced in your gut. Yeah. 0:01:56.560 --> 0:01:59.280 And the way that things like serotonin and other stuff 0:02:00.080 --> 0:02:05.480 uh is produced is thanks to our microbiome. Dude, Yeah, 0:02:06.240 --> 0:02:09.520 our microbiome. This is the most fascinating thing going on 0:02:09.600 --> 0:02:13.080 in medicine science right now. Yeah. I get the impression 0:02:13.080 --> 0:02:16.519 reading various articles. When scientists talk about it, they all 0:02:16.520 --> 0:02:20.000 seem really pumped up. It's like the breakthrough of the 0:02:20.639 --> 0:02:24.120 century and this thing like just started it's two and 0:02:24.200 --> 0:02:27.720 like this could remain the breakthrough of the century. Yeah. 0:02:27.760 --> 0:02:30.280 And I mean if you think about the timeline up 0:02:30.320 --> 0:02:33.239 until the twentieth century, you were like a plant or 0:02:33.240 --> 0:02:36.480 an animal, right, And then it was literally like the 0:02:36.520 --> 0:02:39.959 nineteen fifties and sixties that they started saying, maybe we 0:02:40.000 --> 0:02:42.919 should break things down a little further, and they came 0:02:43.000 --> 0:02:45.520 up with the five kingdoms. And I think they're now 0:02:45.560 --> 0:02:48.600 even as a six kingdom. Well, there's three domains, now 0:02:49.240 --> 0:02:54.280 eight kingdoms, there's eight and three two of the domains 0:02:54.360 --> 0:02:57.160 are account for two of the kingdoms as well. Bacteria 0:02:57.240 --> 0:03:00.680 and archia and archia used to be thought that they 0:03:00.720 --> 0:03:04.720 were the same as bacteria. Yes, then they started looking 0:03:04.720 --> 0:03:06.280 into them a little more and they're like, oh, these 0:03:06.320 --> 0:03:09.079 guys are made up of different amino acids and they 0:03:09.080 --> 0:03:12.639 have different characteristics. And our chia, for example, are the 0:03:12.800 --> 0:03:17.840 kind of microbial life that you'll only find around undersea 0:03:18.440 --> 0:03:23.720 hot water sulfur vents like volcanos, not not in your 0:03:23.760 --> 0:03:28.560 vagina or in your mouth. Well, no, because they're extreme 0:03:28.600 --> 0:03:31.520 aphiles and a vagina or a mouth isn't that extreme? 0:03:31.960 --> 0:03:34.320 Well it is because our kia lives there, that's right. 0:03:34.400 --> 0:03:36.720 So the fact that we figured out that ar chia 0:03:36.840 --> 0:03:40.840 are different than bacteria, and not only that they don't 0:03:40.960 --> 0:03:45.200 just live in extreme environments, but also on the human body. 0:03:45.600 --> 0:03:50.240 That was something we can thank the Human Microbiome Project for. Yeah, 0:03:50.240 --> 0:03:52.960 and that wasn't I think they didn't even discover our 0:03:53.040 --> 0:03:55.840 key until the nineteen seventies. So this all this stuff 0:03:55.920 --> 0:03:59.400 is brand new and exciting. And by the way, the 0:03:59.400 --> 0:04:04.200 three domain are bacteria, or chea and eukaryotes for us 0:04:04.360 --> 0:04:10.480 or eukaryotes because we have nucleus as nuclei. Yeah, let's 0:04:10.480 --> 0:04:12.840 talk about this man we we have before. I'm sure 0:04:12.920 --> 0:04:17.120 you remember in the fecal transplant episode, because it definitely 0:04:17.160 --> 0:04:21.000 factors into it. You can, um, Yeah, you can cure 0:04:21.680 --> 0:04:25.080 claus Stradium difficile, which is something where that it's a 0:04:25.160 --> 0:04:31.080 gut microbe. It's very harmful to humans that can colonize 0:04:31.080 --> 0:04:35.000 your guts after you take antibiotics, which is basically just 0:04:35.040 --> 0:04:38.919 like a slash and burn approach, which again thanks to 0:04:38.960 --> 0:04:43.599 the Human Microbiome Project. Um, we're starting to understand we 0:04:43.680 --> 0:04:47.000 might want to use antibiotics because what we used to 0:04:47.040 --> 0:04:50.440 just think of is almost entirely bad are actually mostly 0:04:50.480 --> 0:04:54.680 beneficial and even some of the bad bacteria a k a. 0:04:54.839 --> 0:04:59.679 Germs um are actually present in our microbiome and normally 0:04:59.720 --> 0:05:03.000 living harmony. It just appears that when the microbiome gets 0:05:03.000 --> 0:05:05.840 out of whack, that's when disease happens. Yeah, Like you 0:05:05.880 --> 0:05:08.400 may have E. Coli in your body right now. Yeah, 0:05:08.440 --> 0:05:11.159 I probably do, but it's not a big deal. If 0:05:11.240 --> 0:05:17.359 you're always talk about stasis, keeping things balanced in life 0:05:17.600 --> 0:05:20.279 is the key. And uh, it's definitely the key with 0:05:20.320 --> 0:05:26.520 your own personal microbiome, which we have learned is very individualized, 0:05:26.920 --> 0:05:29.560 which we'll get to with the project. Right, So, if 0:05:29.600 --> 0:05:33.720 you take a human body and you scanned all the 0:05:33.800 --> 0:05:37.760 genes in it, well, you would find is there are 0:05:37.839 --> 0:05:44.240 about a hundred times more microbial genes than human genes 0:05:45.000 --> 0:05:48.440 in a genetic scan of a human body. Yeah, are 0:05:48.480 --> 0:05:51.359 are Human cells only make up about ten percent of 0:05:51.360 --> 0:05:54.719 the cells in the body. And here's another great stat 0:05:55.360 --> 0:06:00.000 We actually the healthiest person on the planet as between 0:06:00.160 --> 0:06:04.160 two and five pounds of bacteria pounds. Yeah, of your 0:06:04.200 --> 0:06:09.080 body weight, about up to five pounds. Yes. What's crazy 0:06:09.200 --> 0:06:15.320 is is that that's even considering that microbial cells are 0:06:15.360 --> 0:06:18.520 anywhere from a tenth to a hundredth the size of 0:06:18.560 --> 0:06:20.839 an average human cell. Yes, you do, you know how many? 0:06:20.960 --> 0:06:24.440 How much five pounds would have to quite a few. 0:06:24.960 --> 0:06:27.480 As a matter of fact, there's um an estimated hundred 0:06:27.520 --> 0:06:33.680 trillion microbes on an average human person, just in on 0:06:34.600 --> 0:06:38.240 and a part of such a such a part of 0:06:38.520 --> 0:06:42.040 us and our our normal functioning that we're finding very 0:06:42.080 --> 0:06:46.680 quickly that they're they're pretty much interchangeable. There, they are 0:06:46.839 --> 0:06:50.080 one with us and UM as their host. We are 0:06:50.160 --> 0:06:52.560 kind of one with them, like you have fungus on 0:06:52.600 --> 0:06:55.640 your skin. Yeah, no big deal. Right. Well, that's another 0:06:55.680 --> 0:06:58.680 thing too we should talk about. When people say microbe UM, 0:06:58.760 --> 0:07:03.599 it's kind of a catch all word for yeah, any tiny, 0:07:03.640 --> 0:07:07.680 typically unicellular life. And that's the case here too. But 0:07:07.760 --> 0:07:11.920 it doesn't just mean bacteria. The human microbiome is made 0:07:12.000 --> 0:07:14.560 up of lots of bacteria and lots of lots of 0:07:14.560 --> 0:07:18.680 different types of bacteria um. For example, the mouth may 0:07:18.680 --> 0:07:23.480 have up to five thousand different species of bacteria. Yeah, 0:07:23.520 --> 0:07:26.560 and they're not just lazing around in your body like 0:07:26.640 --> 0:07:31.760 they are responsible for keeping your body in check or 0:07:31.880 --> 0:07:34.040 you know, sometimes responsible for it being out of whack. 0:07:34.560 --> 0:07:37.440 But they're all they're all doing something or laying there 0:07:37.520 --> 0:07:41.560 waiting to do something. You also have a what's called 0:07:41.560 --> 0:07:45.760 a virume. You have viruses in your microbiome, and they 0:07:45.800 --> 0:07:51.680 appear to be present to keep the bacteria populations from 0:07:51.720 --> 0:07:54.480 getting out of control. Like they're there to infect bacteria 0:07:55.000 --> 0:07:58.160 to kill them off. And they it's kind of like, um, 0:07:58.200 --> 0:08:03.080 they're the lions to the gazelle of the microbiome. Okay, 0:08:03.320 --> 0:08:06.320 you take away the lions. You've got too many gazelles. Yeah, 0:08:06.560 --> 0:08:09.280 they all start to starve, they don't function correctly. They 0:08:09.320 --> 0:08:11.320 may even eat each other. You don't want to see 0:08:11.320 --> 0:08:14.600 a gazelle eat another gazelle. So you have lions there, 0:08:14.600 --> 0:08:18.760 and the lions, these apex predators keep the gazelle population 0:08:18.800 --> 0:08:23.080 and check and ultimately healthy. Paradoxically, the same thing with 0:08:23.120 --> 0:08:25.680 the virum in your microbiome. Yeah, I mean they we 0:08:25.760 --> 0:08:29.240 know they aid like gut bacteria aids digestion, and we'll 0:08:29.240 --> 0:08:31.760 get the gut bacteria more. I mean, they're discovering just 0:08:32.040 --> 0:08:36.800 all kinds of things that affects uh, synthesized vitamins. Um. 0:08:36.840 --> 0:08:39.760 When you poop in the toilet and you look at 0:08:39.760 --> 0:08:42.640 your poop, which you should do, by the way, like 0:08:42.760 --> 0:08:46.400 you know, on a regular basis um, how much is it? 0:08:46.440 --> 0:08:49.760 Is it half? From a third to half, so a 0:08:49.840 --> 0:08:53.920 third to half of that is microbial biomass. It's not food. No, 0:08:54.080 --> 0:08:57.720 it's like dead and living bacteria that you're pooping out 0:08:58.160 --> 0:09:01.520 about half half. I saw something that was kind of 0:09:01.520 --> 0:09:06.360 mind blowing to um. It's it's really neat and accurate, 0:09:06.520 --> 0:09:10.560 especially on a microbial level. To imagine your alimentary system, 0:09:10.559 --> 0:09:15.280 your digestive system, as the inside of that is technically 0:09:15.480 --> 0:09:19.440 outside of your body. You have a hole, a trail 0:09:19.760 --> 0:09:24.840 running through the middle of your body. That's that's technically 0:09:24.840 --> 0:09:28.679 the outside. Uh yeah, I guess I see what you mean. 0:09:29.160 --> 0:09:31.520 It's just chew on it for a minute, like the 0:09:31.520 --> 0:09:35.119 the inside of your digestive system is technically the outside 0:09:35.160 --> 0:09:41.360 of your body, Like that's outside of your body. Yeah, 0:09:41.400 --> 0:09:44.520 it's confusing, it is. But once once your head wraps 0:09:44.559 --> 0:09:46.760 around it, it's like one hand clapping kind of thing 0:09:47.320 --> 0:09:51.960 and you're just like, whoa, that is neat. Uh all right, 0:09:52.040 --> 0:09:55.080 So that's I guess the briefest of overviews of microbes 0:09:55.800 --> 0:09:58.480 and bacteria, which we've talked about ad nauseum on the 0:09:58.480 --> 0:10:02.120 show and our Great Suggestion podcast. That was one of 0:10:02.120 --> 0:10:04.800 my favorite ones and then we've already talked about the 0:10:04.800 --> 0:10:09.840 poop shakes. Uh. So the National Institutes of Health came 0:10:09.880 --> 0:10:12.800 up with a plan, got some money together, and said, 0:10:13.400 --> 0:10:15.800 let's try and do what the Human Genome Project did. 0:10:15.880 --> 0:10:20.240 Let's try and map out the micro the human microbiome, 0:10:20.760 --> 0:10:27.079 which is a very tough task because everyone is different. Yeah. Well, yeah, 0:10:27.200 --> 0:10:31.040 everyone's microbiome is different. And I just saw today it 0:10:31.120 --> 0:10:33.679 was released from the University of Michigan. They've kind of 0:10:33.720 --> 0:10:37.720 already determined there is no such thing as a baseline 0:10:37.760 --> 0:10:41.400 healthy microbiome. Yeah, and that was one of the goals 0:10:41.440 --> 0:10:43.840 of this project that was started in two thousand and seven, 0:10:43.920 --> 0:10:49.240 was that um to to establish a baseline micro biome, 0:10:49.559 --> 0:10:52.600 Like they didn't know what one looked like like. They 0:10:52.679 --> 0:10:55.760 knew that people had tons of bacteria and protozoa and 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:59.000 viruses all over us and in us, but what is 0:10:59.000 --> 0:11:01.800 that supposed to look like? And when you figure out 0:11:01.800 --> 0:11:03.840 what it's supposed to look like, then you can figure 0:11:03.840 --> 0:11:08.000 out what what an unhealthy one looks like and then 0:11:08.040 --> 0:11:11.760 possibly how to correct that by adjusting this this microbial 0:11:11.840 --> 0:11:15.839 ecosystem back to a baseline. But I'm not surprised that 0:11:15.880 --> 0:11:18.720 they found that there isn't a baseline that is two different, 0:11:19.000 --> 0:11:21.120 and that doesn't mean that they can't like learn a 0:11:21.120 --> 0:11:23.400 lot and help us out a lot. What they're basically 0:11:23.440 --> 0:11:27.079 saying is you take a dozen completely healthy people and 0:11:27.120 --> 0:11:30.640 their microbimes are gonna be completely different. Still, and there 0:11:30.720 --> 0:11:37.360 was UM. There's one huge revolution in UM in the 0:11:37.480 --> 0:11:42.319 study of bacterial or microbial life that that made this 0:11:42.440 --> 0:11:46.679 project possible. Same with the human genome, but UM much 0:11:46.720 --> 0:11:50.720 more for this it's called metagenomics. And prior to the 0:11:50.760 --> 0:11:55.080 event and metagenomics, if you wanted to study bacteria, you 0:11:55.160 --> 0:12:00.800 had to find a bacteria that could be replicated cloned, yeah, 0:12:00.840 --> 0:12:05.600 in the laboratory setting, and UM disaccounted for just a 0:12:05.720 --> 0:12:09.680 very very small fraction of the number of microbes out there. 0:12:10.240 --> 0:12:13.400 What's more so, not only did you not have a 0:12:13.400 --> 0:12:18.640 representative sample, but you also didn't have UM any kind 0:12:18.679 --> 0:12:22.600 of anything less than an artificial setting. So even if 0:12:22.640 --> 0:12:25.840 you did get these microbes, if you could replicate them 0:12:25.880 --> 0:12:29.079 in the lab, UM, they weren't gonna behave the way 0:12:29.120 --> 0:12:31.680 they would in their natural setting, like on your body. 0:12:32.040 --> 0:12:36.040 So what metagenomics did UM was you can now take 0:12:36.120 --> 0:12:39.320 like a representative sample, say like a clump of soil 0:12:40.000 --> 0:12:44.240 or a swab of somebody's earful and get all of 0:12:44.280 --> 0:12:48.000 the microbe microbes in there, and then basically just do 0:12:48.080 --> 0:12:51.680 this rough scan of them, separate all the DNA out 0:12:52.440 --> 0:12:56.920 at these enzymes that go and clip coherent fragments of 0:12:56.960 --> 0:12:58.880 this DNA out, and then you take it and you 0:12:58.920 --> 0:13:01.960 put it into what's all the model organism, and that 0:13:02.040 --> 0:13:05.960 model organism starts to replicate as cells, and then each 0:13:06.000 --> 0:13:10.280 cell displays a certain characteristic associated with a different microbe. 0:13:10.520 --> 0:13:12.760 So all of a sudden you can start studying the 0:13:12.760 --> 0:13:16.040 different cells and say, oh, well, this has to do 0:13:16.160 --> 0:13:20.240 with this microbe, and this means that this protozoa is present, 0:13:20.280 --> 0:13:22.680 and so on and so forth, and now you can 0:13:22.720 --> 0:13:27.640 get a truly representative sample of what's in a microbiome. 0:13:27.920 --> 0:13:30.920 And without metagenomics like this, none of this would be possible. 0:13:31.320 --> 0:13:33.920 But now we're starting to find all sorts of new 0:13:34.480 --> 0:13:37.640 uh not just information, but even new species of bacteria 0:13:37.679 --> 0:13:41.199 and protozoa. And fun, guy, from the study of this stuff, 0:13:41.920 --> 0:13:44.079 which is a great thing. It is a great thing, 0:13:44.240 --> 0:13:46.200 and we'll explain why it's a great thing right after 0:13:46.240 --> 0:13:59.120 this break. Hey, Chuck, Hey, you know me I'm a 0:13:59.160 --> 0:14:02.360 snack guy. I love snacks. You do. I also love 0:14:02.520 --> 0:14:05.440 convenient snacks. Well, I've got some news for you, then, 0:14:05.480 --> 0:14:08.760 my friends, what nature Box? Oh? Yes, I love nature Box. 0:14:08.840 --> 0:14:12.240 You want convenient snacks. We're talking healthy and great tasting snacks. 0:14:12.280 --> 0:14:14.760 Like have you ever had the P V and J granola? Oh? Yeah, 0:14:14.760 --> 0:14:17.880 that's good stuff. I also love the salted caramel pretzel pops, 0:14:17.960 --> 0:14:21.800 which are awesome. They're like basically four different great things 0:14:21.840 --> 0:14:24.920 all mixed together, and I have to have men. I'm 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.680 addicted to the Serata roasted cashews. Well, the great thing 0:14:28.720 --> 0:14:31.760 about all that is there are zero transpats, zero high 0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:34.680 fruit toset, corn syrup, and nothing artificial. My friend, that's right. 0:14:34.720 --> 0:14:37.800 There's also snacks that are gluten conscious and non GMO 0:14:38.400 --> 0:14:41.240 plus chuck. Like we said, it's convenient. You can get 0:14:41.320 --> 0:14:43.960 nature Box shipped right to your door by heading over 0:14:44.000 --> 0:14:46.320 to nature box dot com. Yeah, and it's free shipping 0:14:46.520 --> 0:14:48.880 anywhere in the US. Baby, that's right. So we have 0:14:48.920 --> 0:14:51.200 a special deal. As if that wasn't good enough, you 0:14:51.240 --> 0:14:53.360 can try nature box right now and get fifty off 0:14:53.400 --> 0:14:55.760 your first box by going to nature box dot com 0:14:55.880 --> 0:15:00.280 slash stuff. That's nature Box dot com slash stu f 0:15:00.440 --> 0:15:03.400 F Stay full, stay strong, go to nature box dot 0:15:03.440 --> 0:15:08.560 com slash stuff. That's nature box dot com slash stuff. Okay, 0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:10.480 we're back, all right. So now I guess we can 0:15:10.480 --> 0:15:13.360 talk about some of these great findings, some of the 0:15:13.400 --> 0:15:17.760 newest findings in the last what yours it? Well, they 0:15:17.800 --> 0:15:20.560 started in two seven seven years old, and it seems 0:15:20.640 --> 0:15:23.960 like the first crop of like amazing stuff started in 0:15:24.000 --> 0:15:27.560 about two twelve, so after they had categorized things and 0:15:27.600 --> 0:15:30.000 got like throwing all the crawfish out on the table, 0:15:30.240 --> 0:15:32.520 right in the corn. Yeah, a little corn is good. 0:15:32.680 --> 0:15:36.440 Have you ever done that? I've had that before. Yeah, 0:15:36.480 --> 0:15:39.320 it's good stuff. It's fun. Go to a big party. 0:15:39.800 --> 0:15:44.960 There's a place in um on Beuford Highway called, um 0:15:45.080 --> 0:15:47.480 the Crawfish Shack. I've heard of that, but I haven't been. 0:15:48.040 --> 0:15:49.440 Did they do it like that? Did they just dump 0:15:49.480 --> 0:15:51.480 it on the table and it's all picnic tables? No, 0:15:51.600 --> 0:15:53.720 it's in the bowls and stuff like that, but um, 0:15:53.760 --> 0:15:57.920 but it's all picnic tables inside and um just huge 0:15:58.000 --> 0:16:01.440 rolls of paper towels and it's that place is so good. Yeah, 0:16:01.440 --> 0:16:03.120 I guess you can't do that as a restaurant. But 0:16:03.160 --> 0:16:05.840 if you go to a true crawfish boil at someone's home, 0:16:06.360 --> 0:16:09.320 you have the picnic table covered with the plastic thing 0:16:09.400 --> 0:16:11.880 and you just dump it on the table and everyone 0:16:12.000 --> 0:16:14.760 stands around like a bunch of animals, right, getting drunk 0:16:14.800 --> 0:16:18.760 and eating, like sucking the heads of crawfish. But my 0:16:18.760 --> 0:16:20.840 my family used to do something similar to that when 0:16:20.880 --> 0:16:24.160 I was little in Toledo. We would eat um my 0:16:24.240 --> 0:16:27.640 dad call it garbage pail stew. Are you familiar? Is 0:16:27.680 --> 0:16:30.320 it like all the leftovers? No, it's like you use 0:16:30.360 --> 0:16:33.240 a trash can to make it. Oh, I never heard 0:16:33.240 --> 0:16:36.520 of it over like a flame, and obviously use a 0:16:36.520 --> 0:16:38.960 new trash can, like a brand new one. So I 0:16:39.000 --> 0:16:41.520 guess when dad got a new trash can, we would 0:16:41.560 --> 0:16:45.040 have garbage pails stew. Anyway, the metal trash can it was, yes, 0:16:45.320 --> 0:16:49.320 it was more like a the plastic just just trying 0:16:49.360 --> 0:16:53.680 to like a one of the old timing ones. What 0:16:53.760 --> 0:16:55.320 kind of flame you got in your house? And I 0:16:55.320 --> 0:16:57.880 don't remember what it cooked it on? I don't like 0:16:57.960 --> 0:17:00.880 in my in my mind's eye, I can't look down. 0:17:01.240 --> 0:17:03.240 I can just see you can just see the kind 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.320 of the top of it. But anyway, it was like 0:17:05.359 --> 0:17:08.439 a Yankee northern Midwestern version of it. So there's like 0:17:08.480 --> 0:17:11.320 lots of cabbage in it and and like kill Bossa 0:17:11.400 --> 0:17:13.640 and stuff like that, but it was essentially the same 0:17:13.680 --> 0:17:17.040 thing and you would eat it on like like newspaper. 0:17:17.320 --> 0:17:19.080 I can't wait to get emails from people who are like, 0:17:19.200 --> 0:17:21.440 we did that same thing. I've looked around, I've never 0:17:21.480 --> 0:17:24.280 seen it since. I'm sure that, Yeah, that sounds like 0:17:24.320 --> 0:17:26.920 a thing that or your dad is very unique person, 0:17:27.880 --> 0:17:30.400 is the way to put it, all, right, So back 0:17:30.400 --> 0:17:34.919 to the project and the findings. Um, one of the 0:17:34.960 --> 0:17:39.880 things they've learned is that periodontist this is gum disease. 0:17:40.640 --> 0:17:45.240 Some bacteria are elevated if you have periodontists. So that's 0:17:45.240 --> 0:17:47.600 gonna give you a little insight to maybe how you 0:17:47.600 --> 0:17:49.920 can better take care of your mouth. What kind of 0:17:49.920 --> 0:17:53.160 bacteria you need in there, what kind of you don't, Yeah, exactly, 0:17:53.280 --> 0:17:56.880 And like for example, Strip, the caucus mutans is responsible 0:17:56.920 --> 0:18:01.320 for cavities. Um, so you wanna take care of your 0:18:01.359 --> 0:18:04.040 strep to caucus mu cans mue Can's. The thing is 0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:07.280 Chuck that reading this maybe wonder like, are we gonna 0:18:07.320 --> 0:18:10.800 go the other direction now where it's like we understand 0:18:10.800 --> 0:18:13.640 that you can't just use antibiotics to get rid of everything. 0:18:14.160 --> 0:18:18.520 But if we identify bacteria that's like, oh, well, that 0:18:18.560 --> 0:18:20.320 one gives you cavities, let's get rid of all of 0:18:20.359 --> 0:18:22.800 that and find some sort of medicine that just gets 0:18:22.880 --> 0:18:25.840 rid of that, it could make things even worse than 0:18:25.840 --> 0:18:29.000 a whole other direction. Like one thing that I fact 0:18:29.080 --> 0:18:32.400 I figured out from this is that the the microbiome 0:18:32.440 --> 0:18:36.120 appears to exist in balance, like stuff that should make 0:18:36.160 --> 0:18:40.080 us sick E. Coli um, kinds of strepped staff, that 0:18:40.200 --> 0:18:43.040 kind of thing, like it exists on a healthy person's 0:18:43.080 --> 0:18:46.960 microbiome and it's just hanging out there. So it doesn't 0:18:47.000 --> 0:18:51.439 mean that they're inherently disease causing for us, or that 0:18:51.480 --> 0:18:55.800 they're they're inevitably disease causing UM. Apparently if they exist 0:18:55.840 --> 0:18:58.520 in harmony with their neighbors. That's the way it's supposed 0:18:58.520 --> 0:19:01.080 to be. And we can't just route out just ones 0:19:01.119 --> 0:19:02.760 that make a sick and get rid of those because 0:19:02.760 --> 0:19:05.679 I think it will have repercussions, But they might. We 0:19:05.760 --> 0:19:08.640 might have a future where instead of an antibiotic you take, 0:19:09.040 --> 0:19:13.480 you actually take a bacteria that will attack the other bacteria, 0:19:14.440 --> 0:19:17.080 like the bad stuff, right, or you can write exactly 0:19:17.280 --> 0:19:21.240 like that that as long as we're not intervening and 0:19:21.280 --> 0:19:25.680 going after a specific bacteria, we can aid the bacteria 0:19:25.720 --> 0:19:28.520 like you say that will fight it naturally, like by 0:19:28.760 --> 0:19:34.560 eating some sort of sugary paste, you know, or probiotics. 0:19:34.600 --> 0:19:37.600 I mean that's what that is, right, and that I mean, 0:19:37.760 --> 0:19:41.280 that's that's an issue that's being um examined in in 0:19:41.480 --> 0:19:45.680 more detailed thanks to the microbiome. Like do probiotics work? Uh? 0:19:45.720 --> 0:19:49.240 And apparently the jury is still out like injury. They 0:19:49.240 --> 0:19:52.200 should work, but it depends on you know, whether these 0:19:52.200 --> 0:19:55.639 things are actually colonizing your guts. And also I have 0:19:55.760 --> 0:19:59.520 the impression that it's like you don't really know what 0:19:59.600 --> 0:20:01.800 you're do wing when you're adding like all these new 0:20:01.840 --> 0:20:05.719 people of the neighborhood. Yeah, and because everyone's microbiome is 0:20:05.760 --> 0:20:09.600 so different, some one probiotic for one person might be 0:20:09.680 --> 0:20:11.800 great and for another person might not do anything or 0:20:11.880 --> 0:20:14.080 may make things worse. I don't know. Yeah, which is 0:20:14.119 --> 0:20:18.080 another goal of the Human Microbiome project that if we 0:20:18.119 --> 0:20:22.240 start to understand, you know, what a colony. Maybe there's 0:20:22.280 --> 0:20:25.879 not a normal colony for everybody, but what an individual's 0:20:25.920 --> 0:20:29.560 normal colony looks like then you can take blood or 0:20:29.960 --> 0:20:33.720 samples and make adjustments based specifically on what you need. 0:20:33.840 --> 0:20:38.160 Right there, it could be the end of pharmaceutical drugs conceivably. 0:20:38.720 --> 0:20:42.119 Another they're doing a lot of research into um, how 0:20:42.359 --> 0:20:46.880 your gut bacteria affects obesity and your weight. Um. They 0:20:46.920 --> 0:20:52.760 have found obese mice and transferred micro microbes from their 0:20:52.800 --> 0:20:56.119 gut into skinny mice, and the skinny mice gained weight. 0:20:56.640 --> 0:21:01.600 And um, there's just type in um gut bacteria and obesity, 0:21:01.680 --> 0:21:03.720 and there are a lot of studies going on now 0:21:04.160 --> 0:21:07.040 thinking that maybe correcting your gut bacteria could actually help 0:21:07.080 --> 0:21:10.879 you help your metabolism, you know, straighten out right, Like 0:21:10.920 --> 0:21:16.080 they think the bacteria itself directly informs how the body 0:21:16.320 --> 0:21:21.440 uses their stores energy. Yeah. Um. The one that blew 0:21:21.480 --> 0:21:26.040 me away was there's a type of um bacteria that 0:21:26.119 --> 0:21:30.720 helps that helps break down milk in humans and typically 0:21:30.720 --> 0:21:33.879 it's in the gut, but um, as a woman advances 0:21:33.880 --> 0:21:38.440 in pregnancy, Uh, some of it moves down to the vagina. 0:21:38.960 --> 0:21:42.520 And they at first, the researchers who found this were like, 0:21:42.600 --> 0:21:44.879 what's the deal with that? And then they figured it out. 0:21:45.119 --> 0:21:48.439 They think when a baby is born um, and it 0:21:48.520 --> 0:21:53.520 passes through the vagina. It basically it's becomes covered in 0:21:53.560 --> 0:21:57.760 this bacteria, ingests some of it, and that bacteria goes 0:21:57.800 --> 0:22:00.360 down and colonizes the baby's guts and prepare is it 0:22:00.560 --> 0:22:04.320 almost immediately to start breaking down breast milk. Yeah, evidently 0:22:05.080 --> 0:22:09.320 brand new babies are just sponges. And like they're experimenting 0:22:09.359 --> 0:22:13.840 with cesarean sections to just swab like after you have 0:22:13.920 --> 0:22:16.560 the cesarian section, you bring the baby out, swab it 0:22:16.600 --> 0:22:21.760 with with vaginal mucus and basically it just sucks right 0:22:21.760 --> 0:22:24.080 into the skin and maybe have the same result or 0:22:24.119 --> 0:22:28.040 swab their mouth or something like that. Yeah, um another way, 0:22:28.040 --> 0:22:31.240 And I guess that's kind of related to is UM. 0:22:31.359 --> 0:22:36.160 With the immune system. Apparently, the microbiome acts as kind 0:22:36.200 --> 0:22:40.040 of like a teacher to the early immune system and 0:22:40.119 --> 0:22:42.520 says like, hey, these are the good ones, these are 0:22:42.560 --> 0:22:45.280 the bad ones. Um, why don't you go ahead and 0:22:45.320 --> 0:22:48.520 produce some T killer cells or killer T cells, but 0:22:48.640 --> 0:22:52.639 not too many um, and uh, we'll just go ahead 0:22:52.640 --> 0:22:55.600 and keep the homeostasis going. And they basically like teach 0:22:56.160 --> 0:22:59.720 a young immune system how to operate at an optimal 0:22:59.800 --> 0:23:03.760 let hole. And they found that by engineering mice that 0:23:03.880 --> 0:23:07.560 are like totally germ free, their immune systems have a 0:23:07.600 --> 0:23:12.040 tendency to go crazy, like they'll become inflamed in the 0:23:12.080 --> 0:23:18.960 presence of what are say, um, non harmful fungi. Um, 0:23:19.040 --> 0:23:22.040 They'll they'll become so inflamed that they'll damage the surrounding 0:23:22.080 --> 0:23:26.800 tissue or they'll have like irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease. 0:23:26.840 --> 0:23:30.720 They think also is a a flux state of the 0:23:30.840 --> 0:23:34.920 microbiome in the gut, so apparently it directly impacts the 0:23:35.359 --> 0:23:38.800 immune system as well, which my friend lends a lot 0:23:38.840 --> 0:23:43.160 of weight to the hygiene hypothesis. Yeah, that's that's basically 0:23:43.240 --> 0:23:46.400 the notion that uh here in the West and even 0:23:46.400 --> 0:23:51.920 in developing countries now, children are seeing such a decrease 0:23:51.920 --> 0:23:55.360 in infection when they're when their kids that when they 0:23:55.359 --> 0:23:59.520 grow up they have an increased number of allergies and 0:23:59.560 --> 0:24:05.000 maybe autoimmune issues, and um, you kind of see it 0:24:05.040 --> 0:24:07.800 playing out, you know, like it it's a real thing. 0:24:07.880 --> 0:24:10.480 Like if you're slathering your child with pure l you're 0:24:10.520 --> 0:24:13.359 not doing them many favors, right, So they may have 0:24:13.400 --> 0:24:16.400 asthma later on because of that exactly, and they are 0:24:16.440 --> 0:24:19.920 becoming they're coming to think that it's because of the 0:24:19.920 --> 0:24:24.399 the just a stunted growth of the microbiome. Yeah, and 0:24:24.440 --> 0:24:26.200 I think they found now even they think they have 0:24:26.240 --> 0:24:30.920