1 00:00:02,880 --> 00:00:06,920 Speaker 1: From Mediators World News headquarters in Bozeman, Montana. This is 2 00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:11,400 Speaker 1: Cal's weekend review, presented by Steel. Steel products are available 3 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:15,240 Speaker 1: only at authorized dealers. For more, go to Steel Dealers 4 00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:20,759 Speaker 1: dot com. Now here's your host, Ryan cal Callahan. 5 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:25,080 Speaker 2: You know that old saying, when in Rome, do as 6 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:28,680 Speaker 2: the Romans do. That's great advice for international travel, but 7 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 2: it doesn't apply when you're being attacked by a rabid fox. 8 00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:36,120 Speaker 2: Earlier this month, a Virginia woman named Shirley Phillips was 9 00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:39,160 Speaker 2: standing in her driveway when she felt something fuzzy brush 10 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:41,800 Speaker 2: up against her leg. She assumed it was the neighbor 11 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:44,559 Speaker 2: cap that liked to nap under her vehicle, until she 12 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:47,960 Speaker 2: felt the teeth sink right into her heel. She looked 13 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,200 Speaker 2: down and said, quote, that ain't no cap. She was right. 14 00:00:51,680 --> 00:00:53,800 Speaker 2: A gray fox was attacking her leg, and when she 15 00:00:53,880 --> 00:00:56,200 Speaker 2: reached down to fend it off, it latched onto her 16 00:00:56,240 --> 00:00:59,280 Speaker 2: finger and wouldn't let go. So she decided to fight 17 00:00:59,360 --> 00:01:02,280 Speaker 2: fire with the fire. She grabbed the fox by the 18 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:04,520 Speaker 2: scruff of its neck with her other hand and sank 19 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:08,319 Speaker 2: her teeth into its ear. Not accustomed to being bitten 20 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 2: by humans, the fox began to release its grasp, Phillips 21 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:14,560 Speaker 2: was able to pry its jaws off her finger, set 22 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:18,160 Speaker 2: it in her car, and close the door. When officers arrived, 23 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:20,560 Speaker 2: they found the fox pacing around the front seats of 24 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:23,679 Speaker 2: the car and attacking the door handle. They managed to 25 00:01:23,720 --> 00:01:25,959 Speaker 2: secure the fox with a catch pole, take it to 26 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 2: a safe location, and shoot it. The fox unsurprisingly tested 27 00:01:30,319 --> 00:01:33,959 Speaker 2: positive for rabies, and Phillips began the four dose rabies 28 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:37,560 Speaker 2: vaccine treatment. She sustained cuts all over her ankles and 29 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:41,720 Speaker 2: fingers along with eleven stitches, but is expected to be okay. 30 00:01:42,959 --> 00:01:47,400 Speaker 2: This week, We've got the Constitution, cyanide, sharpshooters, and so 31 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 2: much more. But first, I'm going to tell you about 32 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:53,360 Speaker 2: my week, and you know, I'm going to backtrack on 33 00:01:53,400 --> 00:01:55,360 Speaker 2: what I said last week and tell you more about 34 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:58,360 Speaker 2: Conniatt Ohio and the muster in the marsh and hanging 35 00:01:58,360 --> 00:02:00,200 Speaker 2: out with all these awesome folks that it came out 36 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 2: to support BAH, some of whom were from the Ohio 37 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:07,520 Speaker 2: Department of Natural Resources. Learned a lot about issues and 38 00:02:07,640 --> 00:02:11,600 Speaker 2: good things that are happening in Ohio, including some much 39 00:02:11,680 --> 00:02:16,000 Speaker 2: needed and super cool, pretty darn large public land acquisitions, 40 00:02:16,400 --> 00:02:20,040 Speaker 2: lots of working land components, there, so nothing to be 41 00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:24,359 Speaker 2: afraid of, and it just adds more access and opportunity 42 00:02:24,639 --> 00:02:27,680 Speaker 2: for as I found out, the people of Ohio who 43 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:31,800 Speaker 2: love to hunt and fish, angle trap, they kind of 44 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:34,560 Speaker 2: do it all over there. Lots of foraging. They're taking 45 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:37,280 Speaker 2: advantage all the things out there around that Greater Lake 46 00:02:37,320 --> 00:02:40,880 Speaker 2: Erie region. It's super super cool to see. So again, 47 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 2: big thank you to the moonshiners, the brewers, the trappers, 48 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:51,519 Speaker 2: the anglers, the knife makers, and the snap and turtle 49 00:02:51,560 --> 00:02:55,280 Speaker 2: skinners that showed up out there and taught us all 50 00:02:55,320 --> 00:02:59,000 Speaker 2: about what they did. Super super cool. Big thanks to 51 00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:01,799 Speaker 2: Covered Bridge outfitter who have a bunch of cool stuff 52 00:03:01,840 --> 00:03:05,040 Speaker 2: going on. If you like to shoot geese or hunt 53 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:08,200 Speaker 2: bucks or fish for a variety of species out there, 54 00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:12,680 Speaker 2: real cool folks, cool operation. Certainly some folks in the 55 00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,960 Speaker 2: guide shack there that remind me of me, which was 56 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:19,320 Speaker 2: cool to see how some things don't change and for 57 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:22,000 Speaker 2: the better. I'm talking about got to do some angling 58 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 2: out there on big Lake Erie. It's really phenomenal to 59 00:03:25,440 --> 00:03:28,440 Speaker 2: be on a body of water like that. Even though 60 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:30,960 Speaker 2: Lake Erie is not one of the biggest Great lakes, 61 00:03:31,440 --> 00:03:34,720 Speaker 2: but man, you know how big the Great lakes are. 62 00:03:35,040 --> 00:03:38,440 Speaker 2: On paper, but they just blow you away when you're 63 00:03:38,480 --> 00:03:42,480 Speaker 2: out there on the water. So really really cool. Thanks 64 00:03:42,520 --> 00:03:45,680 Speaker 2: again to all the good folks in Ohio and the 65 00:03:45,720 --> 00:03:47,960 Speaker 2: folks that came across the Pennsylvania line, and the West 66 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:50,960 Speaker 2: Virginia folks, and the Virginia folks and the Kentucky folks, 67 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:55,520 Speaker 2: including my long lost good buddy Kevin Murphy. He came 68 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:58,840 Speaker 2: up to represent small Game Nation and folks who like 69 00:03:58,880 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 2: to run things with dogs. Great catching up with him. 70 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:04,360 Speaker 2: Can't wait to see everybody next year. Hopefully I make 71 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 2: that happen. For more information on backcountry hunters and anglers, 72 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:12,880 Speaker 2: head on over to backcountry hunters dotorg. Anyway, lots cover. 73 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:17,800 Speaker 2: So we're gonna hit the law enforcement desk first. A 74 00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:21,679 Speaker 2: Virginia man issuing the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources along 75 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:24,280 Speaker 2: with three individual game wardens for what he says was 76 00:04:24,320 --> 00:04:28,160 Speaker 2: an unlawful search and seizure of his property. Josh Highlander 77 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:32,040 Speaker 2: says game wardens ignored no trespassing signs, entered his thirty 78 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 2: acre property in southern Virginia, and stole his trail camera. 79 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 2: Highlander has not been charged or cited with any wildlife crimes, 80 00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:43,360 Speaker 2: and the DWR has yet to return his camera. His lawsuit, 81 00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:47,080 Speaker 2: filed in Henrico County Circuit Court, says that the DWR 82 00:04:47,160 --> 00:04:50,440 Speaker 2: quote has a long standing policy and practice of seizing 83 00:04:50,480 --> 00:04:54,600 Speaker 2: privately owned cameras from posted private land without the owner's consent. 84 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:58,400 Speaker 2: He says such actions violate his rights under the Virginia 85 00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:02,000 Speaker 2: Constitution and that the wardens should have secured a warrant 86 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:05,960 Speaker 2: before entering his property or taking his cameras. The Department 87 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:09,039 Speaker 2: of Wildlife Resources has so far refused to comment on 88 00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:12,440 Speaker 2: the case, citing the pending lawsuit, but wardens in Virginia, 89 00:05:12,520 --> 00:05:15,240 Speaker 2: like wardens in many states, are permitted to trespass onto 90 00:05:15,279 --> 00:05:19,680 Speaker 2: private property based on something called the quote open fields doctrine. 91 00:05:20,120 --> 00:05:22,839 Speaker 2: This term comes from a nineteen twenty four case called 92 00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:26,719 Speaker 2: Hester v. United States, in which the Supreme Court ruled, quote, 93 00:05:26,880 --> 00:05:30,320 Speaker 2: the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the 94 00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:34,599 Speaker 2: people in their persons, houses, papers, and effects is not 95 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:39,000 Speaker 2: extended to the open fields law. Enforcement officers of all 96 00:05:39,120 --> 00:05:41,680 Speaker 2: kinds need a warrant to search a house and the 97 00:05:41,760 --> 00:05:45,480 Speaker 2: immediate perimeter, what the law calls the curtilage, but they 98 00:05:45,520 --> 00:05:48,400 Speaker 2: do not need a warrant to enter privately owned Land. 99 00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:51,840 Speaker 2: The Virginia State Supreme Court echoed that U S Supreme 100 00:05:51,839 --> 00:05:55,680 Speaker 2: Court decision in a nineteen twenty three case called mcclannan v. 101 00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:59,760 Speaker 2: Chaplain Highland and his team acknowledged this precedent, But they 102 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:02,599 Speaker 2: want I want the court to overturn those previous decisions. 103 00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:06,080 Speaker 2: They say, these one hundred year old rulings flout the 104 00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:09,880 Speaker 2: clear meaning of state and federal constitutions, ignore the framer's 105 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:14,400 Speaker 2: historical aversion to unconstrained searches of private property, and disregard 106 00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:17,600 Speaker 2: the common law. They say these decisions were a quote 107 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:22,440 Speaker 2: wrongly decided and should be overruled. If this scenario sounds familiar, 108 00:06:22,640 --> 00:06:25,479 Speaker 2: there's a reason. Back in episode one fifty three, we 109 00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:28,440 Speaker 2: covered a similar case out of Tennessee. In that case, 110 00:06:28,480 --> 00:06:30,800 Speaker 2: a court ruled that game wardens were not allowed to 111 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:35,320 Speaker 2: enter private property to prosecute a wildlife baiting investigation. The 112 00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:38,680 Speaker 2: judge's opinion declared that the Tennessee law upholding the open 113 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:43,480 Speaker 2: field's doctrine leads to quote intolerable risk of abusive searches 114 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:49,080 Speaker 2: and is unconstitutional, unlawful, and unenforceable. It's worth noting that 115 00:06:49,160 --> 00:06:52,120 Speaker 2: a legal outfit called the Institute for Justice is behind 116 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:55,160 Speaker 2: both of these lawsuits. They're bringing these cases as part 117 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:58,440 Speaker 2: of their quote project on the Fourth Amendment, which seeks 118 00:06:58,440 --> 00:07:01,120 Speaker 2: to quote protect the right place for Americans to be 119 00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:07,159 Speaker 2: secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. Now, if you're of age, okay, 120 00:07:07,680 --> 00:07:10,280 Speaker 2: and you're in school, and you're listening to this podcast, 121 00:07:10,320 --> 00:07:12,840 Speaker 2: which I've been told a lot of folks have gotten 122 00:07:12,840 --> 00:07:16,800 Speaker 2: as like some required listening material for certain courses. You know, 123 00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 2: you could have a little game with how many times 124 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,960 Speaker 2: I say quote if you want to re listen. Anyway, 125 00:07:23,640 --> 00:07:26,240 Speaker 2: I don't think anyone would argue that we should ignore 126 00:07:26,440 --> 00:07:29,680 Speaker 2: the Fourth Amendment and allow law enforcement to enter our 127 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:33,240 Speaker 2: homes without a warrant. After all, that's one of the 128 00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:36,119 Speaker 2: reasons we decided to break up with the British. Happy 129 00:07:36,200 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 2: belated Independence Day, by the way. But it's also true that, 130 00:07:40,080 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 2: unlike in other parts of the world, landowners do not 131 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:46,600 Speaker 2: own the wildlife that live on their properties, right, you 132 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:50,120 Speaker 2: get what I'm saying. Wildlife is owned by the public 133 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:54,360 Speaker 2: in the good old United States, not each private entity. 134 00:07:55,000 --> 00:07:57,560 Speaker 2: So it makes sense that game wardens would be able 135 00:07:57,600 --> 00:08:02,120 Speaker 2: to investigate wildlife crime on private properties. And that's like 136 00:08:02,200 --> 00:08:05,280 Speaker 2: the tug of war here. Private property is sacred in 137 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:09,560 Speaker 2: the United States, for sure and certain, but so is 138 00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:13,760 Speaker 2: our wildlife. Now we're waiting for more details to emerge. 139 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:17,480 Speaker 2: In this particular case, game wardens were on Highland's property 140 00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:20,520 Speaker 2: because just a few hours before they had cited Hyland's 141 00:08:20,560 --> 00:08:23,840 Speaker 2: brother for hunting turkey over bait. Highland had a food 142 00:08:23,840 --> 00:08:25,880 Speaker 2: plot on his property, but he says he shot a 143 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,360 Speaker 2: turkey that morning quote hundreds of yards away from his 144 00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:32,280 Speaker 2: food plot. The camera the game wardens seized was on 145 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:35,160 Speaker 2: that food plot, and they also seized cameras used by 146 00:08:35,200 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 2: Highland's brother and father on different properties. It sounds like 147 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:43,200 Speaker 2: they suspected all three Highlands of breaking wildlife laws. So 148 00:08:43,360 --> 00:08:46,239 Speaker 2: even though they never cited Josh Hiland with any wrongdoing, 149 00:08:46,480 --> 00:08:50,120 Speaker 2: it makes me think there might be more to this story. Still. 150 00:08:50,559 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 2: I also wonder whether the court will side with Highland 151 00:08:53,120 --> 00:08:56,080 Speaker 2: because game wardens seized his camera. It's one thing to 152 00:08:56,160 --> 00:08:59,439 Speaker 2: trespass on private property without a warrant, it's another thing 153 00:08:59,480 --> 00:09:03,120 Speaker 2: to actually take someone's possessions. The Virginia Bill of Rights 154 00:09:03,160 --> 00:09:07,199 Speaker 2: prohibits unreasonable seizures of private property, and the Fourth Amendment 155 00:09:07,320 --> 00:09:10,200 Speaker 2: of the US Constitution gives the people the right to 156 00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:14,600 Speaker 2: be secure in their quote persons, houses, papers, and effects. 157 00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:19,800 Speaker 2: The word effects just means personal possessions. Trail cameras along 158 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:22,480 Speaker 2: with the memory cards and photos they contain, seem like 159 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:28,000 Speaker 2: they would qualify. Supreme courts in Montana, Mississippi, New York, Oregon, Vermont, 160 00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:31,440 Speaker 2: and Washington have all restricted game warden access in one 161 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:34,360 Speaker 2: way or another. Along with this case and the one 162 00:09:34,400 --> 00:09:37,920 Speaker 2: in Tennessee, another similar case in Pennsylvania is working its 163 00:09:37,920 --> 00:09:40,800 Speaker 2: way through the system. As always, we'll keep you in 164 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:43,200 Speaker 2: the loop. I just want to point out here for 165 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:48,840 Speaker 2: context again, the case that removed the ability for game 166 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:52,319 Speaker 2: wardens to access private property under the open fields doctrine 167 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:56,440 Speaker 2: here in Montana was a real deal poaching case of 168 00:09:56,480 --> 00:10:00,679 Speaker 2: a trophy bill elk in a very hard to raw unit, 169 00:10:01,200 --> 00:10:04,600 Speaker 2: something that people who like to hunt are very sensitive to. 170 00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:08,680 Speaker 2: In that particular instance, you know, it really sucks for 171 00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:11,920 Speaker 2: us hunters that folks with the chunk of private ground 172 00:10:12,080 --> 00:10:14,839 Speaker 2: could illegally take a bull elk that all of us 173 00:10:15,080 --> 00:10:17,440 Speaker 2: have been waiting years and years and years to apply 174 00:10:17,600 --> 00:10:21,800 Speaker 2: for and just have the ability to legally pursue. Right. 175 00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:25,760 Speaker 2: And that's where the open fields doctrine is a big 176 00:10:25,880 --> 00:10:30,480 Speaker 2: can of worms, private land, public wildlife, and it wouldn't 177 00:10:30,480 --> 00:10:32,400 Speaker 2: be that big of a deal if we all just behaved. 178 00:10:33,600 --> 00:10:38,040 Speaker 2: Moving on to the cat desk. If there's one group 179 00:10:38,080 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 2: of people who dislikes feral cats more than me, it 180 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 2: is the Australians. They have some amazing native bird species 181 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:47,360 Speaker 2: in the land down Under, but many of those species 182 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:50,680 Speaker 2: are being threatened by feral cat predation. That's why the 183 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:53,920 Speaker 2: State of Western Australia has decided to unleash a new 184 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:56,840 Speaker 2: cat killing machine to help reduce the number of wild 185 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:01,280 Speaker 2: kiddies on the landscape. The machine, cleverly named the Felixer, 186 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:04,439 Speaker 2: will be deployed throughout the state. According to the newspaper 187 00:11:04,480 --> 00:11:08,360 Speaker 2: Western Australia Today, the Felixer identifies feral cats from their 188 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:11,680 Speaker 2: silhouette and their gait and fires a sticky gel shot 189 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:16,160 Speaker 2: containing eight milligrams of ten eighty poison. Ten eighty poison 190 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:19,400 Speaker 2: is a colorless salt that tastes like sodium chloride and 191 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:22,920 Speaker 2: is commonly used as a rodenticide. Cats are obsessed with 192 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,000 Speaker 2: self grooming, so the felines ingest the poison when they 193 00:11:26,000 --> 00:11:29,680 Speaker 2: lick the sticky substance off their fur self. Grooming traps 194 00:11:29,679 --> 00:11:33,559 Speaker 2: are supposedly more effective than traditional devices because cats can 195 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:37,040 Speaker 2: be hesitant to take bait or enter traps. The box 196 00:11:37,160 --> 00:11:41,160 Speaker 2: like machine also plays audio lures to attract cats, which 197 00:11:41,160 --> 00:11:45,000 Speaker 2: I assume are similar to predator calls. The Western Australian 198 00:11:45,040 --> 00:11:48,280 Speaker 2: government has worked with the Felixer for years to ensure 199 00:11:48,280 --> 00:11:51,760 Speaker 2: it won't harm non target animals, and they're apparently satisfied 200 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:55,320 Speaker 2: with the results. The first comprehensive efficacy trial of the 201 00:11:55,360 --> 00:12:01,320 Speaker 2: device successfully targeted seventy two cats without killing any native bilbies, birds, qualls, 202 00:12:01,520 --> 00:12:05,720 Speaker 2: rabbits or batoks. It did kill one kangaroo, but researchers 203 00:12:05,760 --> 00:12:09,239 Speaker 2: detected a sixty six percent reduction in feral cat activity 204 00:12:09,360 --> 00:12:13,120 Speaker 2: within two months. In twenty twenty, researchers from the University 205 00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:15,920 Speaker 2: of New South Wales used the Felixer device on a 206 00:12:15,960 --> 00:12:19,600 Speaker 2: twenty six hector fenced off property in South Australia. After 207 00:12:19,679 --> 00:12:22,800 Speaker 2: six weeks, researchers found that two thirds of the fifty 208 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:25,600 Speaker 2: feral cats on the property had been killed by the device, 209 00:12:25,840 --> 00:12:28,520 Speaker 2: and no other wildlife had been harmed. One of the 210 00:12:28,559 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 2: studies lead researchers, Catherine Moseby, told the Daily Mail that 211 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:34,560 Speaker 2: while the device is not perfect, it does have a 212 00:12:34,679 --> 00:12:39,720 Speaker 2: much higher target specificity than traps. Traditional traps can control 213 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:42,960 Speaker 2: for non target mortality through bait and trap size, but 214 00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:46,560 Speaker 2: they can't be nearly as picky as the felixer. Of course, 215 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:49,360 Speaker 2: not everyone is a fan of the device. The animal 216 00:12:49,440 --> 00:12:52,600 Speaker 2: rights group in Defensive Animals launched a petition to stop 217 00:12:52,640 --> 00:12:56,800 Speaker 2: the quote madness of what it calls robotic poisoned death machines. 218 00:12:57,240 --> 00:13:00,520 Speaker 2: They say humans are more responsible for decline numbers of 219 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:03,720 Speaker 2: native species and they want the government to institute trap 220 00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:08,160 Speaker 2: neuter return programs and mandatory spae and neuter legislation for 221 00:13:08,280 --> 00:13:12,640 Speaker 2: all quote cat companions. You know, I agree with the 222 00:13:12,720 --> 00:13:16,920 Speaker 2: mandatory spae and neuter legislation for quote cat companions, But 223 00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:20,200 Speaker 2: I mean, do I have to tell the joke? Everybody 224 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:24,200 Speaker 2: knows it, right? Trap neuter return programs do not work 225 00:13:24,559 --> 00:13:31,200 Speaker 2: because neutering and spain cats prevent them from replicating reproducing, right, 226 00:13:31,679 --> 00:13:35,400 Speaker 2: And they're not trying to reproduce all these prey species 227 00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:38,600 Speaker 2: to death, right, They're eating them. They're not fornicating with 228 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:44,000 Speaker 2: them anyway. According to some estimates, feral cats across Australia 229 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:47,120 Speaker 2: kill three point one million mammals, one point eight million 230 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:50,640 Speaker 2: reptiles and one point three million birds in Australia every 231 00:13:50,679 --> 00:13:54,720 Speaker 2: single day. In the state, thirty six mammal, eleven reptile 232 00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:58,959 Speaker 2: and twenty two bird species are vulnerable to predation by 233 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:02,760 Speaker 2: feral cats. The Felixer is not new. You can find 234 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:04,880 Speaker 2: articles about the device going all the way back to 235 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:07,840 Speaker 2: twenty nineteen. But it's in the news again because the 236 00:14:07,880 --> 00:14:12,120 Speaker 2: Western Australian government just announced the machine's widespread deployment as 237 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,240 Speaker 2: part of a seven point six million, five year plan 238 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:18,760 Speaker 2: to manage invasi of feral cats. Wildlife managers plan to 239 00:14:18,840 --> 00:14:21,520 Speaker 2: use the device in areas of high cat traffic and 240 00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:26,680 Speaker 2: where biologists are trying to reintroduce threatened species. I am 241 00:14:26,800 --> 00:14:29,760 Speaker 2: dying to know the long term effects of the Felixer. 242 00:14:30,080 --> 00:14:32,920 Speaker 2: There's definitely lots of areas that I know of where 243 00:14:32,920 --> 00:14:39,320 Speaker 2: one could be put to good use, including my mother's barn. 244 00:14:40,560 --> 00:14:46,040 Speaker 2: Moving on to the cyanide desk. In other controversial wildlife 245 00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:49,320 Speaker 2: management news, the Center for Biological Diversity is petitioning the 246 00:14:49,400 --> 00:14:51,960 Speaker 2: Bureau of Land Management to prohibit the use of what 247 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:56,480 Speaker 2: the organization calls quote cyanide bombs. The actual name for 248 00:14:56,520 --> 00:14:59,800 Speaker 2: these devices is the M forty four. Wildlife managers have 249 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:02,920 Speaker 2: used M forty fours for decades around livestock to kill 250 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:06,600 Speaker 2: coyotes and reduce calf predation. The device contains a small 251 00:15:06,640 --> 00:15:09,880 Speaker 2: spring loaded charge of sodium cyanide powder that kills whatever 252 00:15:09,960 --> 00:15:13,280 Speaker 2: sticks its nose close enough to investigate. The devices have 253 00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:16,000 Speaker 2: killed pet dogs and other non target animals, but no 254 00:15:16,120 --> 00:15:20,120 Speaker 2: humans have ever been killed. Still, seventy six groups, including 255 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:23,840 Speaker 2: the Humane Society and Project Coyote, are petitioning the BLM 256 00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:26,960 Speaker 2: to ban their use. Their efforts were galvanized by a 257 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,600 Speaker 2: tragic incident a few years ago in which a teenage 258 00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:32,000 Speaker 2: boy and his dog stumbled upon an M forty four. 259 00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:35,400 Speaker 2: The dog died instantly, while the boy wasn't hurt. His 260 00:15:35,480 --> 00:15:38,000 Speaker 2: family believes he was only saved due to the direction 261 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:40,880 Speaker 2: of the wind. As a result of this incident, a 262 00:15:40,920 --> 00:15:44,280 Speaker 2: group of three Democratic congress people also introduced a law 263 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:47,080 Speaker 2: in the US Congress that would ban M forty fours 264 00:15:47,120 --> 00:15:50,360 Speaker 2: from all federal public land. The petition to ban M 265 00:15:50,440 --> 00:15:53,280 Speaker 2: forty four's claims that forty two people were exposed to 266 00:15:53,320 --> 00:15:57,440 Speaker 2: the cyanide between nineteen eighty four and twenty fifteen. Twenty 267 00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:00,720 Speaker 2: five of those people were federal employees and seventeen were 268 00:16:00,760 --> 00:16:03,480 Speaker 2: members of the public. None of them died, but they 269 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:09,000 Speaker 2: experience paints, dizziness, and blisters, along with pet dogs, raccoons, possums, 270 00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:12,560 Speaker 2: and skunks, which are occasionally killed. The petitions believe the 271 00:16:12,640 --> 00:16:16,320 Speaker 2: ranchers and wildlife managers should use other methods of predator control, 272 00:16:16,560 --> 00:16:20,640 Speaker 2: such as fences, guard dogs, and electrified netting. Ranchers point 273 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:22,960 Speaker 2: out that they already used many of these methods and 274 00:16:23,040 --> 00:16:25,480 Speaker 2: that M forty fours are a handy tool in areas 275 00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:29,120 Speaker 2: where direct control work is difficult, such as around calves 276 00:16:29,240 --> 00:16:32,720 Speaker 2: or lambs. They also take issue with the term cyanide bomb. 277 00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:35,760 Speaker 2: M forty fours are designed to shoot the toxin directly 278 00:16:35,840 --> 00:16:38,520 Speaker 2: into the animal's mouth. They don't spread the poison over 279 00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:41,120 Speaker 2: a wide area. We'll see if the FEDS pay much 280 00:16:41,120 --> 00:16:43,680 Speaker 2: attention to this petition. M forty four's have been used 281 00:16:43,680 --> 00:16:45,960 Speaker 2: for a long long time, and if they were causing 282 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:49,080 Speaker 2: widespread harm, it seems like we know that by now. 283 00:16:49,960 --> 00:16:53,160 Speaker 2: I have been on plenty of properties where these M 284 00:16:53,240 --> 00:16:55,640 Speaker 2: forty fours have been set. I have never had any 285 00:16:55,640 --> 00:16:59,040 Speaker 2: bird dog issues. Obviously it'd be like a horrid, horrid, 286 00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:01,240 Speaker 2: gross bummer, and I feel for this kid and his 287 00:17:01,360 --> 00:17:06,080 Speaker 2: dog big time. As we see with trapping regulations just 288 00:17:06,119 --> 00:17:09,520 Speaker 2: about everywhere, lots of signage involved with the deployment of 289 00:17:09,600 --> 00:17:12,200 Speaker 2: M forty four is typically or you know that rancher 290 00:17:12,280 --> 00:17:13,960 Speaker 2: is going to grab you by the arm and say, hey, 291 00:17:14,320 --> 00:17:15,879 Speaker 2: this is what's going on out there. If you have 292 00:17:15,920 --> 00:17:20,320 Speaker 2: permission to hunt. It's their business on private property. When 293 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:24,200 Speaker 2: these things get set out in public grazing allotments, lots 294 00:17:24,280 --> 00:17:27,800 Speaker 2: of signage doesn't mean mistakes can't happen. When they do, 295 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:32,560 Speaker 2: it's a real bummer. Moving on to the ancient history desk. 296 00:17:34,560 --> 00:17:37,159 Speaker 2: Could you kill a bird with a double pointed wooden 297 00:17:37,160 --> 00:17:39,760 Speaker 2: stick thrown like a boomerang if you were an early 298 00:17:39,840 --> 00:17:43,320 Speaker 2: human living three hundred thousand years ago in Germany? Archaeologists 299 00:17:43,359 --> 00:17:46,359 Speaker 2: believe the answer is yes. All the way back in 300 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:49,080 Speaker 2: nineteen ninety four, a large cache of wooden tools was 301 00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:51,960 Speaker 2: found at a site in Germany called Shown Engine, but 302 00:17:52,040 --> 00:17:55,159 Speaker 2: it hasn't been until recently that researchers have conducted a 303 00:17:55,240 --> 00:17:59,719 Speaker 2: systemaized analysis of those tools, and they've made some interesting discoveries. 304 00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:02,879 Speaker 2: One of the tools, for example, is a short stick 305 00:18:02,920 --> 00:18:05,880 Speaker 2: made from a spruce branch that's been sharpened at both ends. 306 00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:09,760 Speaker 2: It's a simple tool, but it demonstrates advanced woodworking skills. 307 00:18:10,359 --> 00:18:12,720 Speaker 2: Early human hunters would have had to cut and strip 308 00:18:12,760 --> 00:18:15,959 Speaker 2: off the bark, carve it into an aerodynamic shape, scrape 309 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:18,600 Speaker 2: away more of the surface season the wood to avoid 310 00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:22,959 Speaker 2: cracking and warping, and sand it for easier handling. Researchers 311 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:25,439 Speaker 2: believe this tool was used for hunting because it was 312 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:28,800 Speaker 2: found alongside herbivores that were butchered along the lake shore. 313 00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:32,080 Speaker 2: Early humans would have hunted medium sized game like red 314 00:18:32,119 --> 00:18:36,119 Speaker 2: and roadier and possibly fast small prey, including hair and 315 00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:39,639 Speaker 2: birds that were otherwise difficult to catch. Researchers think the 316 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:42,879 Speaker 2: stick would have been thrown rotationally like a boomerang, and 317 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:45,240 Speaker 2: may have enabled early humans to throw as far as 318 00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:49,120 Speaker 2: thirty meters. The slightly curved thirty inch stick is relatively 319 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:51,400 Speaker 2: light weight, but it could have been launched at high 320 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:54,720 Speaker 2: velocities to stun an animal or break its legs. The 321 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:57,560 Speaker 2: researchers didn't say if they took to stick throwing themselves, 322 00:18:57,680 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 2: but they do base their assumptions on other rears world 323 00:19:00,560 --> 00:19:04,880 Speaker 2: experiments with throwing sticks. What's more, the fine surface, carefully 324 00:19:04,920 --> 00:19:08,080 Speaker 2: shaped points, and polish from handling suggests this was a 325 00:19:08,119 --> 00:19:11,520 Speaker 2: piece of personal kit with lots of repeated use, rather 326 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:15,040 Speaker 2: than a quickly made tool that was carelessly discarded. It 327 00:19:15,119 --> 00:19:17,359 Speaker 2: was found apart from other tools, but the lack of 328 00:19:17,440 --> 00:19:20,480 Speaker 2: damage to the stick makes researchers think it was lost 329 00:19:20,560 --> 00:19:23,399 Speaker 2: during use rather than discard it, sort of like when 330 00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:27,320 Speaker 2: you lose an arrow in the underbrush. Researchers will continue 331 00:19:27,359 --> 00:19:29,880 Speaker 2: to analyze the other wooden tools found at this site, 332 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:32,320 Speaker 2: but at the very least, this throwing stick gives us 333 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:35,760 Speaker 2: another window into how humans have harvested meat for literally 334 00:19:35,880 --> 00:19:39,879 Speaker 2: hundreds of thousands of years. Moving on to the mail 335 00:19:39,920 --> 00:19:44,320 Speaker 2: bag listener Kenyan Harris wrote in this week with some 336 00:19:44,359 --> 00:19:46,720 Speaker 2: of the news from his neck of the woods, Tigak, 337 00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:51,480 Speaker 2: South Carolina. The city council recently voted to hire sharpshooters 338 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:55,000 Speaker 2: to reduce the area's deer population. There are almost nine 339 00:19:55,080 --> 00:19:57,919 Speaker 2: hundred deer in the four point five square mile suburb 340 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:01,640 Speaker 2: of Charlotte, and city leaders worry about traffic accidents, damage 341 00:20:01,640 --> 00:20:05,639 Speaker 2: to the local ecosystem, and horror of horrors, obstacles to 342 00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:09,080 Speaker 2: golfing and gardening. In all seriousness. Too many deer in 343 00:20:09,119 --> 00:20:11,400 Speaker 2: an area can be a major headache, which is why 344 00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:13,840 Speaker 2: the city is applying to the South Carolina Department of 345 00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:18,040 Speaker 2: Natural Resources for a permit to hire sharpshooters. The idea 346 00:20:18,080 --> 00:20:20,879 Speaker 2: is causing controversy in the small community for the reasons 347 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:23,200 Speaker 2: you might expect. Some think it's the best way to 348 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:26,480 Speaker 2: control the deer. Others worry about the safety of firearms 349 00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:29,520 Speaker 2: being discharged so close to homes, while others think the 350 00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:33,080 Speaker 2: city should sterilize the deer population, which would totally work 351 00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:37,560 Speaker 2: and not be a giant black hole to taxpayer dollars. Anyway, 352 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:40,600 Speaker 2: Kenyon has a different complaint about the plan. He says 353 00:20:40,600 --> 00:20:44,280 Speaker 2: city leaders never even considered giving local bowhunters a crack 354 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,520 Speaker 2: at some free venison. Bow hunting doesn't introduce the danger 355 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:49,520 Speaker 2: of stray bullets, and I'm sure there are plenty of 356 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:52,200 Speaker 2: hunters in the surrounding area who would answer the call 357 00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:55,119 Speaker 2: of duty. Hunters are used to manage wildlife on a 358 00:20:55,119 --> 00:20:58,080 Speaker 2: broad scale, but there's lots of precedent for hunters being 359 00:20:58,119 --> 00:21:02,640 Speaker 2: called into the managed specific lis situations. In Ohio, for example, 360 00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,120 Speaker 2: nine special deer hunts have been announced in areas where 361 00:21:06,119 --> 00:21:09,440 Speaker 2: deer over eating native Ohio plants. The hunts will take 362 00:21:09,480 --> 00:21:12,280 Speaker 2: place in nature preserves around the state, and hunters will 363 00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:15,399 Speaker 2: have to attend an informational meeting and pay five dollars 364 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:18,400 Speaker 2: to have their names entered into a drawing. Some preserves 365 00:21:18,440 --> 00:21:21,680 Speaker 2: will allow guns, while others will only allow archery equipment 366 00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,080 Speaker 2: depending on the situation on the ground. Hunters will have 367 00:21:25,280 --> 00:21:30,000 Speaker 2: the opportunity to harvest doze only or either sex tags 368 00:21:30,040 --> 00:21:33,359 Speaker 2: will be issued. It seems like Tigak city leaders could 369 00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:36,680 Speaker 2: institute a similar program, especially given the fact that this 370 00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:40,520 Speaker 2: will likely be a multi year process. Anyway, hunters would 371 00:21:40,560 --> 00:21:43,040 Speaker 2: have to apply for a lottery or purchase a tag, 372 00:21:43,119 --> 00:21:45,280 Speaker 2: which would pay for the cost of the program, and 373 00:21:45,359 --> 00:21:48,640 Speaker 2: safety concerns could be alleviated by making the hunters take 374 00:21:48,680 --> 00:21:51,679 Speaker 2: a training course to hunt deer in the suburban setting. 375 00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:54,119 Speaker 2: The city council would only have to look a little 376 00:21:54,119 --> 00:21:56,960 Speaker 2: further north to Virginia to find a model of urban 377 00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:59,920 Speaker 2: deer hunting. I'm sure some local residents would oppose the 378 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:03,800 Speaker 2: the idea. Archery hunting almost always involves some tracking, and 379 00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:06,040 Speaker 2: I'm sure some folks don't like the idea of a 380 00:22:06,080 --> 00:22:09,040 Speaker 2: wounded deer in their backyard. But it could have the 381 00:22:09,080 --> 00:22:12,439 Speaker 2: same community money, and it would allow local residents to 382 00:22:12,520 --> 00:22:16,119 Speaker 2: solve their own problem rather than rely on sharpshooters hired 383 00:22:16,119 --> 00:22:19,439 Speaker 2: by the state. Whatever you think about this story, if 384 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:22,720 Speaker 2: you live in Tiga Ka or the surrounding area, get 385 00:22:22,720 --> 00:22:25,200 Speaker 2: in touch with the city council. I'm sure they'd love 386 00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:29,960 Speaker 2: to hear from you. One last thing I gotta mention, 387 00:22:30,440 --> 00:22:33,440 Speaker 2: and this came to my attention from my dear old 388 00:22:33,440 --> 00:22:38,000 Speaker 2: buddy Kelsey Clevenberg, who is an avid golfer these days. 389 00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:41,639 Speaker 2: Don't ask me why they're golfing cohorts. My buddy Kelsey 390 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:44,960 Speaker 2: Clevenberg and my buddy Ryan Thompson wrote in and said, Hey, 391 00:22:45,359 --> 00:22:49,200 Speaker 2: a dude from Georgia currently leading the Open in parentheses 392 00:22:49,240 --> 00:22:51,440 Speaker 2: one of the biggest golf tourneys of the year by 393 00:22:51,560 --> 00:22:54,879 Speaker 2: a bunch, is a passionate bow hunter. He has the 394 00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:58,399 Speaker 2: British presses panties in a bunch. This is from the 395 00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:01,680 Speaker 2: Guardian UK and one of the more bizarre major press 396 00:23:01,760 --> 00:23:04,760 Speaker 2: conference departures of recent times. The thirty six year old 397 00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:08,560 Speaker 2: explained his penchant for killing animals. He missed the cut 398 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,640 Speaker 2: at the Masters and immediately slaughtered a pig and a Turkey. 399 00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:15,840 Speaker 2: Here's his quote. I've been a hunter my entire life, 400 00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:18,960 Speaker 2: he boasted. I enjoy the strategy of it. We eat 401 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:21,280 Speaker 2: a lot of wild meat at my house, so I 402 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:24,919 Speaker 2: enjoy butchering and I do a lot of hunting. Champions 403 00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:27,879 Speaker 2: traditionally drink from the claret jug. One is left to 404 00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:31,399 Speaker 2: ponder what on earth Brian Harmon may do with the 405 00:23:31,400 --> 00:23:35,440 Speaker 2: famous trophy the Attorney being held in the English town 406 00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:39,080 Speaker 2: of hoy Lake, where they've dubbed the player Brian Harmon 407 00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:42,359 Speaker 2: the Butcher of hoy Lake, which may be one of 408 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:45,679 Speaker 2: the best things to ever come out of golfing. I 409 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,000 Speaker 2: was able to get a hold of Brian. He seems 410 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:51,800 Speaker 2: in high spirits. The Brits attacking his way of life, 411 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:54,880 Speaker 2: who happened to live in a country where they can 412 00:23:54,920 --> 00:23:57,679 Speaker 2: buy me shot by other people do not seem to 413 00:23:57,720 --> 00:24:00,760 Speaker 2: be bothering him. He's looking forward to a go Boseason, 414 00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 2: and uh, I just want to say, keep at it, Brian, 415 00:24:04,320 --> 00:24:06,240 Speaker 2: keep swinging away for the good old us of a. 416 00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:09,480 Speaker 2: Even though we give golfers a lot of crap here 417 00:24:09,520 --> 00:24:11,760 Speaker 2: on the show. You know, you're proven that there's some 418 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:15,040 Speaker 2: good ones out there. We appreciate you. Go get them. 419 00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:17,320 Speaker 2: That's all I've got for you this week. Thank you 420 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:21,159 Speaker 2: so much for listening. Remember to write in to Ask c. 421 00:24:21,400 --> 00:24:21,760 Speaker 1: A L. 422 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:24,840 Speaker 2: That's Askcal at the Meat Eater dot com and let 423 00:24:24,840 --> 00:24:26,719 Speaker 2: me know what's going on in your neck of the woods. 424 00:24:27,280 --> 00:24:30,639 Speaker 2: On top of that, don't forget to go to www 425 00:24:30,840 --> 00:24:33,760 Speaker 2: dot steel dealers dot com to find a local, knowledgeable 426 00:24:33,760 --> 00:24:36,320 Speaker 2: steel dealer near you. They're gonna get set up with 427 00:24:36,359 --> 00:24:38,159 Speaker 2: what you need and they won't try to send you 428 00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:41,120 Speaker 2: home with what you don't. Thanks again and I'll talk 429 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:41,879 Speaker 2: to you next week.