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Speaker 1: Welcome to the Living Word, a one hour special for

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Speaker 1: Real America's Voice. Easter and the entire Holy Week are

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Speaker 1: a time for pause, for reflection, to think about the

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Speaker 1: sacrifice of one man who was simultaneously God, who died,

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Speaker 1: was buried.

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Speaker 2: And resurrected.

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Speaker 1: Christians across the world remember this time as pivotal to

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Speaker 1: their faith, for the man who was crucified for the

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Speaker 1: sins of the world, defied death and returned to Heaven.

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Speaker 1: The Museum of the Bible in Washington, d C. Houses

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Speaker 1: some of the oldest historical remnants of various versions of Scripture,

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Speaker 1: as well as archaeological artifacts that give us a picture

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Speaker 1: of what life was like in the time of Jesus.

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Speaker 1: They have two current exhibitions that are rather special and unique.

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Speaker 1: One is the Dead Sea Scrolls, on loan from the

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Speaker 1: Israel Antiquities Authority, showing fragments of scripture found in caves

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Speaker 1: in Kumran, Israel. I spoke with doctor Bobby Duke, a

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Speaker 1: PhD and Chief Curatorial Officer and director of the Scholar's

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Speaker 1: Initiative at the Museum of the Bible, who walked with

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Speaker 1: me through the exhibition, fielding a host of questions. I

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Speaker 1: had about the intersection of faith and ancient history.

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Speaker 2: Take a look.

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Speaker 1: In nineteen forty seventy, a group of Vedouins stumbled upon

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Speaker 1: caves near Kumran, Israel, near the Dead Sea. Inside those

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Speaker 1: caves were scrolls of ancient scriptures known as the Dead

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Speaker 1: Sea Scrolls. Here at the Museum of the Bible in Washington,

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Speaker 1: d C. I've come to experience this exhibition and learned

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Speaker 1: how ancient history and faith join. Well, doctor Duke, we

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Speaker 1: were here at this remarkable Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition here,

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Speaker 1: which is on loan from the Israel Antiquities Authority. Tell

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Speaker 1: us what is the significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls?

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Speaker 2: Why do they matter today?

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Speaker 1: Well?

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Speaker 3: The Dead Sea Scrolls are our oldest Hebrew and error

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Speaker 3: manuscripts of the Biblical text. The Old Testament is written

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Speaker 3: mostly Hebrew but also Aramaic, but these are our oldest

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Speaker 3: copies before the scrolls are found. Our best manuscripts for

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Speaker 3: the Old Testament dated to about one thousand and eight.

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Speaker 3: These texts, through paleography, through carbon dating and other things,

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Speaker 3: date back to some of them to the second century BC,

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Speaker 3: so that shaves off twelve hundred years of manuscript transmission

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Speaker 3: and in general, there's much fidelity between what we see

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Speaker 3: at Cumran and the Dead Sea scroll caves and what

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Speaker 3: we see a thousand years later.

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Speaker 2: Now, why is that significant?

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Speaker 1: Because literally speaking in terms of the transition of those

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Speaker 1: texts to what we know, even you said twelve hundred

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Speaker 1: years later, how remarkably accurate are they?

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Speaker 3: Yeah? No, So what you do have is some variants,

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Speaker 3: and the variants are usually very, very minor. So the

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Speaker 3: Bible that you're reading today in English is being translated

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Speaker 3: from the best manuscripts, and the Masoretic text of Isaiah

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Speaker 3: and the Great Isaiah Scroll of Isaiah are ones that

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Speaker 3: give us a lot of confidence. So when you read

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Speaker 3: your biblical text, you might see footnotes in the bottom

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Speaker 3: that will say Kumaran reads your Dead Sea scrolls. You'll

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Speaker 3: see how, in a lot of ways, how insignificant most

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Speaker 3: of those quotes are. So it just gives us a

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Speaker 3: lot of confidence that the Bible we're reading today is

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Speaker 3: the same Bible that was being read two thousand years ago.

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Speaker 2: What were the what was the ink and what was

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Speaker 2: the type of paper? Was it parchment?

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Speaker 3: Well, so you do have a Kuman, you have some

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Speaker 3: papyrus which would have been imported from Egypt and along

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Speaker 3: the Nile River. But mostly it was animal skin, so

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Speaker 3: goats or sheep, even some cow that was written on

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Speaker 3: the ink was used different carbons and even different metallics.

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Speaker 3: That is one that is still being researched by scholars.

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Speaker 3: But the ink is such that it has not faded.

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Speaker 3: So even though at times the texts are hard to

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Speaker 3: read visibly because the leather has faded or darkened, the

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Speaker 3: ink through infrared and through other modern technologies with cameras

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Speaker 3: that can go and read these manuscripts, and again you're

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Speaker 3: seeing these texts that go back two thousand years.

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Speaker 1: So take me back to nineteen forty seven, because that's

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Speaker 1: about when they were discovered. Right where was this It

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Speaker 1: was close to the Dead Sea. Obviously were they hidden?

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Speaker 1: Why were they hidden? And from home?

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Speaker 3: So in nineteen forty seven, the way the story goes,

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Speaker 3: and it's taken on legendary qualities that when we're out

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Speaker 3: looking for some lost goats, they threw a rock into

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Speaker 3: a cave, heard a crash, and when they heard the crash,

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Speaker 3: they said, there's something here we need to come look at.

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Speaker 3: So they came back found broken ceramic jars and in

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Speaker 3: those ceramic jars. They found our first set of scrolls,

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Speaker 3: including the Great Isaiah Scroll, and the Great Isaiah Scroll

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Speaker 3: is preserved in all sixty six chapters in the Book

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Speaker 3: of Isaiah. It's twenty four feet long, and it most

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Speaker 3: likely would have been hidden in the jars. There was

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Speaker 3: a lot of the other caves that were found that

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Speaker 3: in the rush to leave because the Romans were coming through.

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Speaker 3: So this group of Kumaran probably hid them in these

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Speaker 3: eleven caves to leave to then eventually come back and

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Speaker 3: pick it up. That they never came back, I mean

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Speaker 3: unfortunate for them, they never returned to take the items

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Speaker 3: out of the caves. For modern scholarship, it's good they

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Speaker 3: never came back and took those items out because these

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Speaker 3: are such a treasure. But again they were trying to

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Speaker 3: escape the Romans and eventually all died. The better one

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Speaker 3: found the first caves, then archaeologists learned more about them,

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Speaker 3: and then it became a race who's going to find

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Speaker 3: the next cave. So it was from nineteen forty seven

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Speaker 3: to nineteen fifty six and eleven different caves were found.

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Speaker 3: So over that time, some of the caves had very

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Speaker 3: few items, but something like Cave four had hundreds of scrolls,

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Speaker 3: and when we say scrolls, very few of them were

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Speaker 3: more than a column or two because of just the

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Speaker 3: two thousand years of erosion, two thousand years of little

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Speaker 3: tritters eating things in the caves. But all totaled, of

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Speaker 3: those eleven caves, we have over nine hundred distinct documents

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Speaker 3: that can be identified.

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Speaker 2: Now.

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Speaker 1: Of those nine hundred documents, how many of those are

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Speaker 1: compatible with what we find in the Bible today to

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Speaker 1: authenticate those authoritative text.

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Speaker 3: So there's basically kind of three groupings of texts. So

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Speaker 3: about a third roughly our biblical texts, another third are

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Speaker 3: just kind of general texts that were not known before

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Speaker 3: but are not biblical. And then there's a whole group

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Speaker 3: of what we often call sectarian texts. These are ones

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Speaker 3: that give us insight into that community. So we even

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Speaker 3: have their rule book and what was their rules for

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Speaker 3: being an initiate into the community, what was their rules

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Speaker 3: for even they went through the mikva, the bathing before

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Speaker 3: they would eat, or kind of to follow thevitical law.

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Speaker 3: So we have these groups now when it comes to

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Speaker 3: the biblical texts, which were the first wave of interest.

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Speaker 3: One is because They were the easiest to work on

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Speaker 3: because you already kind of know what it should say,

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Speaker 3: and then you had the master of text to compare

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Speaker 3: it to. But there was this interest to say, can

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Speaker 3: we trust the Bible? And I will say for me,

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Speaker 3: after my years of Dead Sea Scrolls research, I am

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Speaker 3: more confident in the scriptures I hold today than I

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Speaker 3: did before I started studying the Dead Sea Scrolls, because

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Speaker 3: I think they give me just a lot of confidence

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Speaker 3: in that fact that that manuscript transmission process was done

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Speaker 3: very accurately.

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Speaker 1: What I looked at at some of the fragments of

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Speaker 1: the scrolls, one thing that struck me is it doesn't

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Speaker 1: seem like there's any mistakes in the writing, at least

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Speaker 1: that I can tell. Are their mistakes in there or

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Speaker 1: are they because we didn't have the methods that we

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Speaker 1: do today to a race a mistake, it looks remarkably perfect.

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Speaker 2: Is that a fair statement?

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Speaker 3: So? I would say, when you look at something like

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Speaker 3: the Great Isaiah Scroll, you do find some places where

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Speaker 3: there are words written above lines where when they went

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Speaker 3: back and checked it, they realized a word had been

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Speaker 3: left out in the copying. And you've got to give

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Speaker 3: them credit. They weren't copying these texts in a time

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Speaker 3: pre electricity in a time, and they're probably copying with

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Speaker 3: olive oil lamps, so there were corrections that were done.

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Speaker 3: Sometimes in the margin they would do that. But you're right.

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Speaker 3: For most of the texts that you can just see

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Speaker 3: today at the Museum of the Bible, you don't see

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Speaker 3: a lot of scratch. You don't see scratching out, you

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Speaker 3: don't see this, and you see very much a very

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Speaker 3: careful copy. You can even notice on some of the texts.

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Speaker 3: One example that we have currently on exhibit is what's

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Speaker 3: called eleven Q five Cave eleven Kumaran. It's the fifth

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Speaker 3: document given a number, and it's a Psalm text. You

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Speaker 3: can even see the rule line to which they hung

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Speaker 3: all the letters from. Because they today we teach children

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Speaker 3: to set letters on the line as they're writing av

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Speaker 3: Back then they would actually hang the letters from the line.

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Speaker 3: You can see those ruling marks on that Psalm scroll.

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Speaker 3: You even have a place where every time they came

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Speaker 3: to the tetragrammaton that four letters for God's named the Lord,

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Speaker 3: they actually switch to what's called Paleo Hebrew, a different

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Speaker 3: font so to speak.

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Speaker 2: And why did they do that.

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Speaker 3: I think they did it really out of respect. I

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Speaker 3: think they paused and they said, when we write the

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Speaker 3: Lord's name, we're going to do it in a special way,

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Speaker 3: in a way that causes us to pause. So it's

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Speaker 3: not just something we write like everything else. We actually

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Speaker 3: give it some.

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Speaker 4: Unique existence.

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Speaker 1: What do the Dead Sea Scrolls, at least the portions

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Speaker 1: that we found to say about the canonization of the

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Speaker 1: Bible as we know it in terms of authoritative text

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Speaker 1: versus other texts.

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Speaker 3: What we don't have a kumaran is a list where

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Speaker 3: it says, and here are the books of the Hebrew

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Speaker 3: find correct. What we do have is we have some

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Speaker 3: of these non biblical texts. One of them that is

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Speaker 3: called It's the acronym is four q mmt, which is

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Speaker 3: a Hebrew phrase masse mantauras. It's this phrase there that

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Speaker 3: is where we get the title from. It's a non

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Speaker 3: biblical text, but in that one it actually does mention

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Speaker 3: the Torah the prophets in David, so it mentions Torah prophets.

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Speaker 3: And then David is kind of the first book in

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Speaker 3: the Ketchu being the writings of the Book of Souls.

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Speaker 3: So we do get a sense that they already had

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Speaker 3: this concept of kind of a developing canon, but they

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Speaker 3: never left us a list a list, right, these are

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Speaker 3: the books that we consider canonical or not. But what

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Speaker 3: we what we can say is that all the books

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Speaker 3: of the Hebrew Bible, the Old Testament, that to knock

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Speaker 3: all of them were found in the Eleven Caves, except

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Speaker 3: for Meha, Mayah, and Esther. Now some of them are

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Speaker 3: found in very small fragmentary pieces, but it does give

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Speaker 3: us a sense that all those books except for me

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Speaker 3: and Mayah and Esther have been shown to be at Camaron,

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Speaker 3: Me and Maiah, Esther. Yeah, I don't know. Maybe critters

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Speaker 3: ate them up in the caves. Maybe they just dissolved over.

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Speaker 2: So we don't know that they never existed.

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Speaker 1: It's just from our archaeoco found yet or tell us

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Speaker 1: about the magdalistone.

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Speaker 3: So this to me is one of the highlights of

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Speaker 3: the exhibit because of the discovery, because of the fact

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Speaker 3: that it was found in a first century synagogue that

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Speaker 3: for me, I have no doubts that Jesus would have

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Speaker 3: been in that synagogue for the simple reason that we

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Speaker 3: have versus the say that Jesus went to the synagogues

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Speaker 3: throughout the Galilee. This was a limestone table. It was

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Speaker 3: found in the excavation right in the center of the synagogue.

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Speaker 3: It was actually nick here on this part of it

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Speaker 3: when a digger was coming to remove dirt to build

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Speaker 3: a hotel. They have now since abandoned that portion of

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Speaker 3: the hotel so that visitors can see the synagogue. But

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Speaker 3: all the decorations around this Magdala stone are all remembering

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Speaker 3: temple in.

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Speaker 1: Jerusalem, which the menora is on correct on the other side,

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Speaker 1: and that's the first depiction we have of what the

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Speaker 1: temple manora would have possibly looked like that.

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Speaker 3: Manora, And then another one from a similar time period

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Speaker 3: a few decades later would be the arch of Titus

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Speaker 3: in Rome. Or they have this menora depict it being

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Speaker 3: carried in by Titus, who was the one who destroyed Jerusalem.

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Speaker 3: But all the depictions on the top or even the

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Speaker 3: showbread that would have been used in the temple and

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Speaker 3: other things.

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Speaker 5: But most most likely this was used for rolling out

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Speaker 5: torus rolls on sap of Even the way it's kind

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Speaker 5: of leaning this way, you can almost think that someone

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Speaker 5: was standing down here on the minora side of it

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Speaker 5: and looking at a tourist.

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Speaker 3: Scroll in front of them. One of the challenges we

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Speaker 3: always have with archaeology is when a people group was

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Speaker 3: going to abandon a building or they were gonna be

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Speaker 3: destroyed for more. It didn't leave us notes to say,

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Speaker 3: when you excavate this in two thousand years, this is

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Speaker 3: how we use this room. That'd been very nice, but

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Speaker 3: I think it is. It is a very reasonable explanation

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Speaker 3: to in your minded vision, a scroll sitting on this

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Speaker 3: table being read by someone in a synagongue.

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Speaker 1: Now you mentioned that it's quite possible that Jesus would

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Speaker 1: have visited this particular temple. We obviously know the story

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Speaker 1: of Mary Magdalen, and that's what she's from, Magdalen.

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Speaker 2: Is it possible you think that's where he could have

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Speaker 2: met her?

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Speaker 1: I mean, you and your your scholarly mind, how do

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Speaker 1: you think that interaction could have actually happened?

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Speaker 3: Yeah, the biblical text doesn't tell us. She's one of

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Speaker 3: those people that shows up in the Gospels, and we

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Speaker 3: aren't given that full what was the first time. I mean,

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Speaker 3: even shows like The Chosen have to fill in those deps,

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Speaker 3: and they do it in very creative ways. So we're

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Speaker 3: not really sure, but we do know that it said

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Speaker 3: Jesus went to the synagogues throughout the Galilee. We know

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Speaker 3: he went to Capernaum, we know he was in other

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Speaker 3: places like that, Sada. I mean, all of these places

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Speaker 3: are just within a few miles of each other. So

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Speaker 3: it's really impossible to think that during his ministry years

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Speaker 3: up around the Galley, he would have never gone just

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Speaker 3: a couple miles away to where Mary Magdalen was from,

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Speaker 3: because she was such a centerpiece of even that group

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Speaker 3: of disciples traveling around.

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Speaker 1: Are there any similarities or what can the Dead Sea

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Speaker 1: scrolls point us to in terms of the New Testament

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Speaker 1: and what we see there?

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Speaker 3: Well, there was no New Testament material found among the

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Speaker 3: caves at Cumran because the caves at Kumran were basically

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Speaker 3: the items in the caves were being read and even

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Speaker 3: written when the New Testament was happening, right, I Mean,

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Speaker 3: that's the thing that always gives me pauses. I have

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Speaker 3: to sit there and say, I'm looking at a text

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Speaker 3: from the same time when Jesus and the disciples were

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Speaker 3: walking around the Sea of Galley and going to Jerusalem,

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Speaker 3: someone was down at Kuran reading this Book of Genesis.

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Speaker 3: Let's say, was up in Jerusalem.

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Speaker 1: It just that's a side, that's a scene to think about.

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Speaker 3: It's stunning when you think of the antiquity. But I

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Speaker 3: think of our own country here in the United States.

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Speaker 3: I mean, we're coming up on our two hundred and

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Speaker 3: fifty anniversary and we're all getting excited. When you start

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Speaker 3: thinking of ancient history. I mean that was many, many

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Speaker 3: centuries ago, and it gives you a real kind of

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Speaker 3: exciting pause to just realize the antiquity of these items.

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Speaker 1: So, doctor Duke, I do want to know, what do

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Speaker 1: you think is the biggest misconception about the densea scroll?

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Speaker 2: There is one?

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Speaker 3: Well, I think one of the best. The biggest misconceptions

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Speaker 3: early on was that somehow the scrolls were going to

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Speaker 3: kind of undercut the Vatican, undercut Christianity, it was going

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Speaker 3: to undo our beliefs, and it just has not been true.

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Speaker 3: One of the challenges is they were first found in

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Speaker 3: nineteen forty seven, but by nineteen ninety one they still

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Speaker 3: weren't all published. There was still a lot that were scholars,

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Speaker 3: not for any nefarious reason, but just because they were

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Speaker 3: given a whole tranch of scrolls and they still wanted

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Speaker 3: to publish them. It just took a long time, but

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Speaker 3: all of a sudden that void was filled in with

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Speaker 3: conspiracy theory. So what is the Vatican trying to hide?

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Speaker 3: Christians trying to hide? What are Jews trying to hide?

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Speaker 3: So I think one of the misconceptions is that somehow

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Speaker 3: this undes twenty centuries of belief. It actually does the opposite.

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Speaker 3: It gives us a lot of confidence that what we

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Speaker 3: are still practicing day has a genetic connection all the

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Speaker 3: way back two thousand years. So even as we're walking

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Speaker 3: on this road here, one of the pieces that the

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Speaker 3: israel anticularly authority wanted us to include and find a

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Speaker 3: way to display so our guests can walk on is

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Speaker 3: this two thousand year old paving stone. This was a

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Speaker 3: paving stone that was part of the walkway from the

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Speaker 3: pools of Siloam up to the Temple Mount that would

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Speaker 3: have been walked on by pilgrims coming to Jerusalem two

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Speaker 3: thousand years ago. And those are the moments that you

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Speaker 3: just have to pause and just say, I'm standing on

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Speaker 3: two thousand year old.

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Speaker 1: Way from Jerusalem, A very unique thing for people to

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Speaker 1: interact with in a way that others probably could not.

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Speaker 3: Absolutely right and even our team here did such a

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Speaker 3: fantastic job of making it so that the stone could

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Speaker 3: be walked on. This exhibit had previously been at the

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Speaker 3: Reagan Museum out in Semi Valley, California, and they just

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Speaker 3: didn't have the abilities with time to find a way

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Speaker 3: for guests with wheelchairs or other things to come over

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Speaker 3: this stone. But our team did a fantastic job here

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Speaker 3: to have this elevated platform with the vinyl that is

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Speaker 3: the stone from that time, with this sunk rightment.

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Speaker 1: And as I was walking through earlier, it's very easy

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Speaker 1: to miss too. This is something you probably don't want

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Speaker 1: to miss when you're at there.

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Speaker 2: How long has this exhibit been here the ship.

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Speaker 3: It opened in November November closed in September, Okay, so

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Speaker 3: it'll be nine months total. And of that nine months,

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Speaker 3: there will be three rotations of our Getsy scroll So

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Speaker 3: everything else we've seen will be here for the whole

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Speaker 3: life of the exhibit, but it'll be the scrolls that

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Speaker 3: will cycle out in sections every three months. So we

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Speaker 3: had our first section closed in February, we'll have our

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Speaker 3: next section closed in May, and then we'll have that

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Speaker 3: final group that ends in September.

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Speaker 4: When we come back.

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Speaker 1: Doctor Duke and I continue to make our way through

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Speaker 1: the exhibition, landing on an enormous four thousand pound piece

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Speaker 1: of the Western Wall at a time when those in

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Speaker 1: Israel cannot even visit the wall.

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Speaker 4: We'll be right back, Welcome back.

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Speaker 1: As doctor Duke and I continue our walk through the

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Speaker 1: Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition, I pondered what the implications of

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Speaker 1: these scrolls are for Christians, and we landed upon a

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Speaker 1: place of reflection that even those in Israel can't visit

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Speaker 1: right now. I noticed that some of the psalms seem

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Speaker 1: to be or at least it's set on the plaque,

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Speaker 1: that they could be out of order, because again we

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Speaker 1: don't have necessarily a proper order as it is at

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Speaker 1: the Bible.

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Speaker 2: Why would that be.

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Speaker 3: Yep, Well, I even think when it comes to reading

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Speaker 3: texts two thousand years ago, this was a time when

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Speaker 3: you still had role technology versus books. I mean, you

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Speaker 3: really start getting very concrete where everything is in agreement.

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Speaker 3: Once you start having books where all sixty six books

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Speaker 3: or more of the Bible could be woven together between covers.

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Speaker 3: We have the individual Psalm scroll or individual Genesis scroll.

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Speaker 3: And I would say that the narrative text like Genesis

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Speaker 3: and Exus, they are in proper order, but something like

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Speaker 3: Psalms you can kind of move things around depending on

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Speaker 3: for liturgical reasons, for other things that were being used

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Speaker 3: for that group of Kuman Because we don't know why

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Speaker 3: did they use these exact psalms, because we don't have

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Speaker 3: the eleven Q five, We don't have the entire Psalm scroll.

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Speaker 3: We just have a section that includes basically Psalm ninety

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Speaker 3: three to about Psalm one twenty five or so. So

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Speaker 3: maybe for those are the psalms of ascent, the psalms

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Speaker 3: you would say when you're going up to Jerusalem. Maybe

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Speaker 3: they had their own little greatest hits, so to speak,

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Speaker 3: just like all of us on Spotify create our own

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Speaker 3: little list of songs to sing.

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Speaker 1: You mentioned the ten year period when these were discovered.

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Speaker 1: You mentioned the Bedouins finding them, and there's this kind

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Speaker 1: of race going on archaeologically, be an archaeologist and everyone

387
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Speaker 1: else trying to find these scrolls. There was also a

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Speaker 1: period probably where they were selling them too. The bed

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Speaker 1: Onines did try to sell them. How do we know

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Speaker 1: that there aren't scrolls still to be discovered in terms

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Speaker 1: of the authenticity and finding more scrolls like that, and

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Speaker 1: how do we know there aren't some still being held

393
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Speaker 1: out there privately that we don't even know about.

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Speaker 3: That is completely possible. I often get asked the question,

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Speaker 3: could there ever be a K twelve discovered? That's also possible,

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Speaker 3: but I think that's less probable just because of the

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Speaker 3: amazing research the is around Tippy's authority has done around

398
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Speaker 3: the GDE and wilderness, where every nook and cranny they

399
00:18:34,760 --> 00:18:37,880
Speaker 3: look into to see with ground penetrating radar and everything else.

400
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Speaker 3: So to find a K twelve to me is possible

401
00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:44,399
Speaker 3: but less probable. But it is possible for sure that

402
00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:47,200
Speaker 3: there are families in private hands with a Swiss vault

403
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Speaker 3: that may have had some from the nineteen fifties or sixties.

404
00:18:49,760 --> 00:18:54,480
Speaker 3: Because the Bedouin did not keep good records, even things

405
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Speaker 3: that we would label coming from a certain k. Today

406
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Speaker 3: we're having to take the word a bed one who

407
00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:02,720
Speaker 3: brought it in these items to Jerusalem. And early on

408
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Speaker 3: what they found is that they first were paying the

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Speaker 3: bedo one a certain amount for each scroll that was

410
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Speaker 3: brought in. Well, that made it easy for them to

411
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Speaker 3: take a large piece, cut it into multiple pieces and say,

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Speaker 3: oh good, now I can sell five pieces, So they

413
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Speaker 3: started actually buying it from the bed one by square centimeter,

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Speaker 3: so they started saying, Okay, if you bring us in

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Speaker 3: a bigger piece, it's not going to be any more

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Speaker 3: or less than if you bring others. So it is

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Speaker 3: possible there could be some more items out there.

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Speaker 2: I don't know about it.

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Speaker 1: How do you deal with forgeries, because that's been unfortunately

420
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Speaker 1: a part of the deal here, part of the process.

421
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Speaker 1: How do you authenticate those and what sort of steps

422
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Speaker 1: are taken to ensure the authenticity of the scroll.

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Speaker 3: So all of these materials come from the Israel Antiquities Authority.

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Speaker 3: They are the major research body in the world that

425
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Speaker 3: does scrolls research, so we work directly with them. There

426
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Speaker 3: definitely was some issues that came up with anything from

427
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Speaker 3: two thousand and two and on that started showing up

428
00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,920
Speaker 3: on the market. But some of the technologies that are

429
00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:02,800
Speaker 3: being used now to actually authenticate are things that we're

430
00:20:02,840 --> 00:20:06,199
Speaker 3: not even envisioned in the nineteen fifties. So some of

431
00:20:06,200 --> 00:20:09,120
Speaker 3: the interesting things with the electron microscopes and others really

432
00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:12,280
Speaker 3: get us a good sense of what we are dealing with,

433
00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:16,960
Speaker 3: even down to looking at texts and can we find

434
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,119
Speaker 3: out if a certain piece of leather is old, so

435
00:20:19,160 --> 00:20:22,240
Speaker 3: a carbon dates old, but the ink is actually showing

436
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Speaker 3: to kind of waterfall into crevices, which shows that it's

437
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Speaker 3: probably modern ink on ancient leather. So those are some

438
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Speaker 3: of the things that are out there that scholars are

439
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Speaker 3: looking in. But that's still an open question, and I

440
00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:37,280
Speaker 3: will give any new fragments that may come up and

441
00:20:37,440 --> 00:20:39,920
Speaker 3: are available that maybe one that people will start asking

442
00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:40,879
Speaker 3: different questions.

443
00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:43,360
Speaker 1: They would have been nineteen fifties to make this very

444
00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,200
Speaker 1: very current and modern, especially if we consider the past

445
00:20:46,240 --> 00:20:47,640
Speaker 1: even two weeks with.

446
00:20:47,760 --> 00:20:49,399
Speaker 2: The conflict that's going on in Israel.

447
00:20:49,480 --> 00:20:52,280
Speaker 1: Is there any danger archaeologically to things that are happening

448
00:20:52,280 --> 00:20:54,920
Speaker 1: through that area of the world that could be devastating

449
00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:58,360
Speaker 1: for in terms of our scholarly research of antique documents.

450
00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:02,560
Speaker 3: Yeah. I mean one sad reality right now is that

451
00:21:02,640 --> 00:21:05,760
Speaker 3: in February I was in Jerusalem. We were there, me

452
00:21:06,040 --> 00:21:08,800
Speaker 3: and the Green family were there for the opening of

453
00:21:08,840 --> 00:21:11,560
Speaker 3: the Great Isaiah Scroll Exhibit. It was going from February

454
00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:15,440
Speaker 3: twenty fourth into April, and it was this international exhibit

455
00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:17,000
Speaker 3: that was supposed to draw a lot of tourists. But

456
00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:19,080
Speaker 3: we're now in the last two weeks see that tourism

457
00:21:19,240 --> 00:21:21,960
Speaker 3: is completely null in that part of the world. So

458
00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:23,560
Speaker 3: I don't know exactly what they're going to do with

459
00:21:23,640 --> 00:21:25,600
Speaker 3: that exhibit, if it's still going to close because of

460
00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:28,479
Speaker 3: conservation reasons, or if they're going to extend it so

461
00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:33,960
Speaker 3: that once tourism comes back. But archaeological sites are always

462
00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:38,240
Speaker 3: something that have the potential for looting for damage. I

463
00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:41,359
Speaker 3: mean there were definitely times where you saw with the

464
00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:46,720
Speaker 3: Taliban and Isis and others destroying places. But definitely our

465
00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:49,280
Speaker 3: friends with the Israel Antiquities Authority, I mean, they do

466
00:21:49,320 --> 00:21:53,560
Speaker 3: a great job of protecting and preserving archaeological sites to

467
00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:55,760
Speaker 3: make sure there's as little of that kind of looting

468
00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:56,840
Speaker 3: our damage as possible.

469
00:21:57,080 --> 00:21:58,840
Speaker 1: This is going to be more of a theological question,

470
00:21:58,880 --> 00:22:01,040
Speaker 1: so feel free to answered you can. But given what

471
00:22:01,080 --> 00:22:03,680
Speaker 1: we know about these old scriptures, in the veracity of

472
00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:06,480
Speaker 1: the authoritativeness of them, the fact that it's pointing towards

473
00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:09,520
Speaker 1: the Bible that is living, breathing, and existed that long

474
00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:12,840
Speaker 1: ago with great certainty, what might it tell us about

475
00:22:12,840 --> 00:22:14,479
Speaker 1: the times in the modern age that we are in

476
00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:17,720
Speaker 1: based on old biblical prophecy. I know it's a tough question,

477
00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:19,919
Speaker 1: but it's probably a loaded one. But I feel like

478
00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:21,920
Speaker 1: a lot of Christians out there, especially those that watch

479
00:22:22,040 --> 00:22:24,359
Speaker 1: our network, probably would one know an answer to that.

480
00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:27,399
Speaker 3: I think one of the things I've taken away from

481
00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:29,440
Speaker 3: my studies and the Dead Sea Scrolls in the group

482
00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:32,159
Speaker 3: there at Kumron is that some of the things we

483
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:34,320
Speaker 3: still face today are the things they face back in

484
00:22:34,800 --> 00:22:36,760
Speaker 3: how do you live in a world? How do you

485
00:22:36,800 --> 00:22:39,919
Speaker 3: live faithfully? How do you exist when there are so

486
00:22:39,960 --> 00:22:42,840
Speaker 3: many complexities going on when you're being run by an

487
00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:45,639
Speaker 3: evil empire the Romans two thousand years ago or some

488
00:22:45,720 --> 00:22:48,320
Speaker 3: of the tragedies we see in the modern era, And

489
00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:49,960
Speaker 3: how do you find comfort in scripture?

490
00:22:50,160 --> 00:22:50,280
Speaker 2: Right?

491
00:22:51,000 --> 00:22:53,160
Speaker 3: And that's something that you saw that they were pointing

492
00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:55,440
Speaker 3: to scripture, just like today we've just seen out the

493
00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:57,600
Speaker 3: last couple of years a kind of revival in people

494
00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:00,320
Speaker 3: going back to faith, pulling back to scripture because some

495
00:23:00,359 --> 00:23:03,359
Speaker 3: of the chaos we see. One thing that is fascinating

496
00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:07,320
Speaker 3: about Dead Sea Scrolls scholarship, if we go back to

497
00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:09,840
Speaker 3: some of the chaos that happened around Waco, Texas with

498
00:23:09,840 --> 00:23:13,199
Speaker 3: the branch Davidians David koresh All of that situation, it

499
00:23:13,280 --> 00:23:15,280
Speaker 3: was actually a Dead Sea Scroll scholar that was brought

500
00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:17,880
Speaker 3: in by the FBI to debate David Koresh on the phone,

501
00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:20,639
Speaker 3: because David Koresh in some ways was using scripture in

502
00:23:20,680 --> 00:23:23,600
Speaker 3: ways to try to bring sense to his reality in

503
00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:25,800
Speaker 3: similar ways that we see in the Dead Sea Scrolls

504
00:23:25,800 --> 00:23:29,000
Speaker 3: and other communities. Two thousand years ago they were appealing

505
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:30,800
Speaker 3: to the Book of Daniel and others to try to

506
00:23:30,800 --> 00:23:32,639
Speaker 3: make sense of their life. And those are some of

507
00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:35,080
Speaker 3: the books that David Koresh and others are doing. So

508
00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:37,920
Speaker 3: I think we're still struggling with what does it mean

509
00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:40,840
Speaker 3: to live biblically? What does it mean to not let

510
00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:44,879
Speaker 3: our emotions and our imaginations run away with us? And

511
00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:47,280
Speaker 3: how do we stay grounded? And that was two thousand

512
00:23:47,359 --> 00:23:49,720
Speaker 3: years ago the same that's two thousand years Hence we're

513
00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:50,360
Speaker 3: still dealing to.

514
00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:52,080
Speaker 2: Keep walking just a little bit because I'm actually there's

515
00:23:52,080 --> 00:23:54,560
Speaker 2: more movement. Doctor Duke, what is your It's gonna be

516
00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:55,000
Speaker 2: a tough question.

517
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:58,840
Speaker 1: What is your favorite artifact in this particular exhibit?

518
00:23:58,880 --> 00:23:59,280
Speaker 2: And why?

519
00:24:00,119 --> 00:24:02,679
Speaker 3: Yeah? I mean, we already saw the magnalis standing there.

520
00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:05,800
Speaker 3: That to me is truly stunning. I would say the

521
00:24:05,840 --> 00:24:08,639
Speaker 3: Dead Sea Scrolls are there. I think one of the

522
00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:11,280
Speaker 3: things that's the most interesting that's not necessarily an artifact,

523
00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:13,680
Speaker 3: is at the end of the exhibit when you show

524
00:24:13,760 --> 00:24:17,240
Speaker 3: the scientific developments that have happened in Dead Sea School's

525
00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:19,960
Speaker 3: research from the nineteen fifties to today. When we have

526
00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:22,000
Speaker 3: pictures there where you see the early Dead Sea Squirrel

527
00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:25,240
Speaker 3: scholars in the nineteen fifties holding fragments with their bare hands,

528
00:24:25,760 --> 00:24:28,000
Speaker 3: letting natural light just pour in on them while they're

529
00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:31,600
Speaker 3: smoking cigarettes and drinking coffee. That is anathema. Today we

530
00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:34,119
Speaker 3: would look at that and say, you put on gloves.

531
00:24:34,200 --> 00:24:36,719
Speaker 3: You don't even really stop breathing when you look at

532
00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:40,240
Speaker 3: these things. So to show in the last seventy years

533
00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:47,639
Speaker 3: the scientific developments, the way conservation has really become enhanced,

534
00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:49,720
Speaker 3: and to show the ways that we care for these

535
00:24:49,760 --> 00:24:51,960
Speaker 3: I think that's an addition to this exhibit that I

536
00:24:51,960 --> 00:24:54,960
Speaker 3: haven't seen in other Dead Sea Squirrel's exhibits. It gives

537
00:24:54,960 --> 00:24:57,600
Speaker 3: that sense of just how far we've come in manuscript

538
00:24:57,680 --> 00:24:59,320
Speaker 3: conservation in the last seventy years.

539
00:24:59,480 --> 00:25:02,040
Speaker 1: Undoubtedly, Christians will be coming over the next several months

540
00:25:02,080 --> 00:25:04,960
Speaker 1: for Easter, as we know, what do you find when

541
00:25:05,040 --> 00:25:07,920
Speaker 1: visitors come to the museum that I know you mentioned

542
00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:10,159
Speaker 1: it confirms and gives us comfort in a lot of

543
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:12,080
Speaker 1: what we see in these texts and these scriptures. But

544
00:25:12,280 --> 00:25:15,080
Speaker 1: what do you find Christians connect with on a very

545
00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:16,760
Speaker 1: emotional level when they visit this museum.

546
00:25:17,520 --> 00:25:19,520
Speaker 3: Well, I would say depending on which floor they're on

547
00:25:19,600 --> 00:25:23,680
Speaker 3: and depending on their own personality. Like we have certain

548
00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:26,840
Speaker 3: of our guests that they do our Washington Revelation flyover

549
00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:29,880
Speaker 3: where they see how scriptures embedded in buildings all over Washington,

550
00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:32,480
Speaker 3: and they will be inspired like, Wow, We're a nation

551
00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:35,520
Speaker 3: that used to kind of lift up scripture in ways

552
00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:38,240
Speaker 3: that in the more recent past we have not done

553
00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:41,159
Speaker 3: it as much. We have other guests that just seeing

554
00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:43,680
Speaker 3: all the different Bible translations. So we have a whole

555
00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:46,520
Speaker 3: room that shows called Illuminations, that shows all of the

556
00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:49,359
Speaker 3: modern Bible translations and how the Bible is now accessible

557
00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:52,160
Speaker 3: all around the world to people who before didn't have access.

558
00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:55,639
Speaker 3: That's a place where I've seen people weeping, particularly if

559
00:25:55,640 --> 00:25:58,080
Speaker 3: they know someone who is connected to a certain translation.

560
00:25:59,560 --> 00:26:01,520
Speaker 3: I would say, something like a Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit

561
00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 3: is just being in proximity to something that's two thousand

562
00:26:05,200 --> 00:26:07,439
Speaker 3: or more years old. So for this exhibit, it actually

563
00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,720
Speaker 3: concludes with a big piece of stone from the Western Wall.

564
00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:13,560
Speaker 3: It was part of the destruction by the Romans. And

565
00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:14,960
Speaker 3: we actually have it set up in a way that

566
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:16,320
Speaker 3: people can leave notes.

567
00:26:16,600 --> 00:26:19,360
Speaker 2: Let's go there. Actually flip fill up and we'll go there.

568
00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:26,960
Speaker 3: These ostuaries like, had Jesus never rose from the dead,

569
00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:28,560
Speaker 3: this is what he would be in. The body would

570
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:30,439
Speaker 3: have decomposed. They would have plucked his bones and put

571
00:26:30,520 --> 00:26:31,920
Speaker 3: him in a box like this and then been so

572
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:32,919
Speaker 3: bored with his family.

573
00:26:33,080 --> 00:26:35,280
Speaker 2: So if Jesus had not resurrected off the cross, this

574
00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:35,640
Speaker 2: is what.

575
00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:37,320
Speaker 3: He'd been, right, it would have been a larger, more

576
00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:38,840
Speaker 3: adult size.

577
00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:39,600
Speaker 2: And their hinges history.

578
00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:46,879
Speaker 3: Yeah. So each of the cases has the actual item

579
00:26:46,920 --> 00:26:49,480
Speaker 3: in the middle that is light controlled. The light will

580
00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:52,200
Speaker 3: go off at a certain time. We have the natural light,

581
00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:54,480
Speaker 3: just what it would look like in natural light, and

582
00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:57,040
Speaker 3: then we have the infrared. And for scholars, this is

583
00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,920
Speaker 3: what they work on. Very few scholars will work directly

584
00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:02,359
Speaker 3: on the fragments if they're doing study of the text,

585
00:27:02,359 --> 00:27:02,880
Speaker 3: because this.

586
00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:04,600
Speaker 2: You can blow up on your computer screen and.

587
00:27:04,560 --> 00:27:09,280
Speaker 6: See what's fascinating about those fast and look possly you

588
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:13,200
Speaker 6: have right here that is actually the name of the Lord,

589
00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:16,760
Speaker 6: and it's written in different characters than all the rest.

590
00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:19,080
Speaker 3: So this psalm scroll every time became the name of

591
00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:21,359
Speaker 3: the Lord, they switched it to Paleo Hebrew in a

592
00:27:21,400 --> 00:27:23,480
Speaker 3: way that I think is to show that they respected,

593
00:27:23,840 --> 00:27:25,840
Speaker 3: wanted to show a unique way to show the Lord's

594
00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:28,800
Speaker 3: name out of respect to fulfill the tin commands not

595
00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:29,760
Speaker 3: to take the Lord's.

596
00:27:29,600 --> 00:27:33,600
Speaker 2: Name and name Wow. So it's a completely different way

597
00:27:33,600 --> 00:27:34,639
Speaker 2: of saying Hebrew.

598
00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:36,879
Speaker 3: So that's what Hebrew looked like at the time of David.

599
00:27:37,160 --> 00:27:39,920
Speaker 3: These are the characters during the exile, the other characters

600
00:27:39,960 --> 00:27:40,879
Speaker 3: that were adopted.

601
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:42,160
Speaker 2: What is this doing here?

602
00:27:42,480 --> 00:27:46,040
Speaker 3: So this is a facsimile of a piece of leather

603
00:27:46,160 --> 00:27:48,600
Speaker 3: that was charred. It was found in a city called

604
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:52,639
Speaker 3: Angetti that's about ten miles south of the Kumaran and

605
00:27:52,720 --> 00:27:54,680
Speaker 3: they have found with CT scanning. It was actually a

606
00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:56,879
Speaker 3: professor at University of Kentucky and it showed that they

607
00:27:56,880 --> 00:28:00,600
Speaker 3: could seet scan this and actually unrolled it because it's

608
00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:04,960
Speaker 3: not able to be unrolled. And then with different technologies

609
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:08,600
Speaker 3: in computer software they get unload digitally so they can

610
00:28:08,640 --> 00:28:10,879
Speaker 3: read a text. It still looks like that today in

611
00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:12,240
Speaker 3: a box in Jerusalem.

612
00:28:12,520 --> 00:28:12,840
Speaker 4: Wow.

613
00:28:13,400 --> 00:28:20,360
Speaker 3: But you can see it here to wow.

614
00:28:20,200 --> 00:28:21,359
Speaker 2: All right, tell us about this.

615
00:28:21,359 --> 00:28:23,840
Speaker 3: This is actually a stone from the Western Wall when

616
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:27,840
Speaker 3: the Romans destroyed that part of Jerusalem, and I has

617
00:28:28,240 --> 00:28:32,680
Speaker 3: been kind of accessorized around with than a faux wall

618
00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:34,840
Speaker 3: that is similar to what you see in the Western

619
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:38,040
Speaker 3: Wall in Jerusalem. And we encourage our guests if they

620
00:28:38,080 --> 00:28:40,240
Speaker 3: want to leave a note or a prayer or something,

621
00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:42,400
Speaker 3: and we will see people here just kind of pausing

622
00:28:42,440 --> 00:28:46,280
Speaker 3: and reflecting. And I think for to conclude this whole

623
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:48,920
Speaker 3: experience saying, yes, you've seen a lot of history, a

624
00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:52,240
Speaker 3: lot of archaeology, you've seen the oldest biblical text ever,

625
00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:55,000
Speaker 3: but to kind of come back to this moment of

626
00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:58,360
Speaker 3: spiritual reflection, like it's all for not if it doesn't

627
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:00,400
Speaker 3: cause people to reflect a little bit on what is

628
00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:01,320
Speaker 3: life really about?

629
00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:03,160
Speaker 1: And the beauty of this is that if you can't

630
00:29:03,160 --> 00:29:05,680
Speaker 1: get to Israel right now, which most people can't, this

631
00:29:05,760 --> 00:29:07,160
Speaker 1: is a place to the museum they can come.

632
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:09,360
Speaker 3: Right And what's wonderful is they want us to touch

633
00:29:09,360 --> 00:29:11,840
Speaker 3: it and feeling and that just again gives us that

634
00:29:11,960 --> 00:29:14,440
Speaker 3: sense of being connected to the land. As much as possible.

635
00:29:18,440 --> 00:29:21,600
Speaker 3: This would be filled with people. But basically the last

636
00:29:21,600 --> 00:29:26,120
Speaker 3: two weeks been completely barren. It's been completely barren because

637
00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:29,480
Speaker 3: nobody is going because we're having rocket fire. They've had

638
00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:33,040
Speaker 3: some shrapnel coming from rockets that have been taken down.

639
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:35,080
Speaker 1: Which all the more significance of having this at the

640
00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:37,600
Speaker 1: Museum of the Bible, so people can come and be

641
00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:38,240
Speaker 1: able to do this.

642
00:29:38,240 --> 00:29:40,400
Speaker 2: But they can't and Israel currently absolutely.

643
00:29:40,640 --> 00:29:43,239
Speaker 1: When we return, doctor Duke and I transition to an

644
00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:46,560
Speaker 1: entirely different exhibition at the museum, one that stunned me

645
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:50,040
Speaker 1: by its intricacy and preservation as well as its uniqueness

646
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:53,160
Speaker 1: for visitors, as a compliment to the scrolls exhibition. We'll

647
00:29:53,160 --> 00:30:10,680
Speaker 1: be right back, doctor du Britt, a completely different exhibition

648
00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:13,640
Speaker 1: now in the museum, another fascinating exhibition. Tell us all

649
00:30:13,680 --> 00:30:15,360
Speaker 1: about it in the significance of it right now.

650
00:30:15,800 --> 00:30:18,360
Speaker 3: Well, we just saw the Dead Sea scrolls upstairs. Now

651
00:30:18,400 --> 00:30:22,080
Speaker 3: we're downstairs seeing the earliest church floor ever discovered. So

652
00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:24,280
Speaker 3: we have one building here in Washington, DC that has

653
00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,000
Speaker 3: our earliest Biblical text and the earliest church ever discovered.

654
00:30:27,040 --> 00:30:28,560
Speaker 3: And I don't know if that's ever going to be

655
00:30:28,600 --> 00:30:31,000
Speaker 3: true again that these two things are going to be

656
00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:34,120
Speaker 3: paired in the same building. So that's quite exciting, But

657
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:36,560
Speaker 3: this mosaic floor was found in two thousand and four.

658
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:39,000
Speaker 3: They were doing a renovation to a prison in Israel,

659
00:30:39,480 --> 00:30:41,320
Speaker 3: and how it works in that part of the world.

660
00:30:41,400 --> 00:30:44,080
Speaker 3: Anytime you're doing a construction project, you got to start

661
00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:47,680
Speaker 3: with doing archaeology. So they actually hit this mosaic floor.

662
00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:50,600
Speaker 3: Construction project has never progressed since two thousand and four.

663
00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:51,520
Speaker 4: It was paused.

664
00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:53,840
Speaker 3: Permanently until they were able to figure out what to

665
00:30:53,880 --> 00:30:56,120
Speaker 3: eventually do with this, and in twenty twenty four, twenty

666
00:30:56,200 --> 00:31:00,400
Speaker 3: years later, they cut it into sections. They removed, they

667
00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:02,840
Speaker 3: conserved it, re leveled it. Because any of the places

668
00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:06,080
Speaker 3: you see that have the just white plaster, those were

669
00:31:06,120 --> 00:31:10,280
Speaker 3: places where it had collapsed through erosion or other things.

670
00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:12,200
Speaker 3: But then they re leveled it. And this is the

671
00:31:12,240 --> 00:31:16,080
Speaker 3: first place ever it's been displayed. So in twenty four

672
00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:18,160
Speaker 3: it was still in the ground. It was removed, conserved,

673
00:31:18,160 --> 00:31:20,120
Speaker 3: and brought straight here to Washington.

674
00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:22,200
Speaker 1: Day at the same time, the Dead Sea scrolls are here.

675
00:31:22,920 --> 00:31:25,480
Speaker 1: Let's walk around and tell me about the actual inscriptions

676
00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:26,680
Speaker 1: on it and why they're significant.

677
00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:32,120
Speaker 3: So, first of all, it is a Christian mosaic floor

678
00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:37,000
Speaker 3: for several reasons. One, we have the fish symbol through ceramics,

679
00:31:37,040 --> 00:31:39,560
Speaker 3: through coinage, through even the way the letters are written

680
00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:42,360
Speaker 3: in the inscriptions. We know it dates to around two thirty,

681
00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:46,600
Speaker 3: so the third century. That's one hundred years before Constantine.

682
00:31:46,680 --> 00:31:50,560
Speaker 3: That's one hundred years before the Nicene Creed. It's one

683
00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:52,720
Speaker 3: hundred years before people thought there was actually kind of

684
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,160
Speaker 3: an established Christianity. And the beauty of it is the

685
00:31:56,160 --> 00:32:01,120
Speaker 3: inscriptions on this floor actually show perfectly orthodox Christian theology.

686
00:32:01,640 --> 00:32:05,760
Speaker 3: So the first inscription off to the far side mentions Guianus,

687
00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:08,400
Speaker 3: who is our brother and a centurion, and who gave

688
00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:10,880
Speaker 3: the funds for this floor. It also mentions in the

689
00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:14,920
Speaker 3: bottom right the workman Brutus, who actually made the floor.

690
00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:17,080
Speaker 3: So here we have probably the most powerful person in

691
00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:20,440
Speaker 3: the region and a workman mentioned in the same inscription.

692
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:24,560
Speaker 3: That inscription of there just mentions four women who should

693
00:32:24,560 --> 00:32:27,000
Speaker 3: be remembered. Why are they going to be remembered? Well,

694
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:30,360
Speaker 3: were they martyred or philanthropy, We don't know. But here

695
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:32,720
Speaker 3: we have four women and two men so far mentioned

696
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:34,720
Speaker 3: in a room that probably could only hold thirty or

697
00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:37,800
Speaker 3: forty people comfortably. It gives you that beautiful sense of

698
00:32:37,800 --> 00:32:39,560
Speaker 3: what we see in the Apostle Paul where we talked

699
00:32:39,560 --> 00:32:42,360
Speaker 3: about here there is no Greek or Jews, slave or free,

700
00:32:42,400 --> 00:32:45,360
Speaker 3: male or female, but we're all wanting Christ. But it's

701
00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:47,560
Speaker 3: this inscription right here in front of us that is

702
00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:51,880
Speaker 3: just remarkable. And even recently I picked up an early

703
00:32:51,960 --> 00:32:54,440
Speaker 3: church history book that it was recently published, and I

704
00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:56,840
Speaker 3: always flipped to the index now to see has anybody

705
00:32:56,880 --> 00:33:00,240
Speaker 3: captured this, and it was missing. There was There's no

706
00:33:00,320 --> 00:33:03,320
Speaker 3: Megido mosaic reference in that book. And that's a huge

707
00:33:03,320 --> 00:33:06,880
Speaker 3: myths because this inscription mentions a woman named Aceptus yep.

708
00:33:07,080 --> 00:33:09,040
Speaker 3: It mentions that she should be honored for giving the

709
00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:14,120
Speaker 3: table in the honor of the God Jesus Christ. Perfect

710
00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:17,280
Speaker 3: orthodox theology right here on this floor, one hundred years

711
00:33:17,280 --> 00:33:20,320
Speaker 3: before some scholars have said that there was orthodox theology.

712
00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:23,040
Speaker 3: I mean, it shows that even these small communities that

713
00:33:23,120 --> 00:33:27,760
Speaker 3: were bar flung and the Roman Empire were still rounded

714
00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:29,360
Speaker 3: in what was true theology.

715
00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:32,280
Speaker 1: And so this would be the first written inscription that

716
00:33:32,320 --> 00:33:34,600
Speaker 1: we have of Jesus Christ being mentioned as God.

717
00:33:34,840 --> 00:33:37,720
Speaker 3: Correct, this is our earliest mention and its outside of scripture,

718
00:33:38,040 --> 00:33:39,320
Speaker 3: the Davidian of Christ.

719
00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:42,520
Speaker 1: And perfectly intact, absolutely not having to be pieced together.

720
00:33:42,600 --> 00:33:46,600
Speaker 1: It looks Christine as if someone had made a replica

721
00:33:46,640 --> 00:33:47,960
Speaker 1: of this, but it's not well.

722
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:51,360
Speaker 3: And even the word for table in Greek there is trapeza.

723
00:33:51,480 --> 00:33:53,760
Speaker 3: That table right in the center of the room would

724
00:33:53,760 --> 00:33:57,000
Speaker 3: have been used for the Eucharist in this community. And

725
00:33:57,040 --> 00:33:59,000
Speaker 3: I was giving it two or three here of a

726
00:33:59,040 --> 00:34:02,280
Speaker 3: group of Greek Orthodox priests, and they got so excited

727
00:34:02,360 --> 00:34:04,720
Speaker 3: when they saw that word trupeza there, because still today

728
00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:07,440
Speaker 3: in Greek Orthodoxy all around the world they call it

729
00:34:07,480 --> 00:34:11,400
Speaker 3: the holy Trapeza, the holy table when they have communion

730
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:15,319
Speaker 3: and Catholicism that usa Eucharist, and a lot of more

731
00:34:15,320 --> 00:34:20,000
Speaker 3: Protestants they call it communion. But in Greek Orthodoxy, trapeza,

732
00:34:20,160 --> 00:34:22,239
Speaker 3: which is the word sitting right there, and they were

733
00:34:22,280 --> 00:34:25,400
Speaker 3: saying wow. For eighteen hundred years, from this community in

734
00:34:25,480 --> 00:34:28,680
Speaker 3: this backwoods of the Roman Empire to today, it's this

735
00:34:28,840 --> 00:34:33,239
Speaker 3: through line of consistency of still worshiping and celebrating the

736
00:34:33,360 --> 00:34:35,520
Speaker 3: life and death and resurrection of Jesus.

737
00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:38,120
Speaker 1: We have a financier, we have a builder, and we

738
00:34:38,160 --> 00:34:41,520
Speaker 1: have several women named and then also God, Jesus Christ,

739
00:34:41,680 --> 00:34:45,400
Speaker 1: a perfect example of the Church bringing everyone together. That's incredible,

740
00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:47,600
Speaker 1: And tell me a little bit about the geometric shapes

741
00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:49,720
Speaker 1: that we're sitting here, because there certainly is a beautiful

742
00:34:49,719 --> 00:34:53,880
Speaker 1: amount of parallelism, and it's beautiful esthetically speaking.

743
00:34:53,920 --> 00:34:54,719
Speaker 2: Talk to us about that.

744
00:34:55,120 --> 00:34:59,560
Speaker 3: Yeah, So even all the patterns, because the only say,

745
00:35:00,120 --> 00:35:03,560
Speaker 3: the kind of animate object are the fish that are

746
00:35:03,600 --> 00:35:09,239
Speaker 3: over there, Well, a tune and one's a bath. I'll

747
00:35:09,280 --> 00:35:12,080
Speaker 3: forget what it is. But the fish was the earliest

748
00:35:12,080 --> 00:35:17,400
Speaker 3: symbol of Christianity. The most probably remembered miracle is the

749
00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:20,520
Speaker 3: loaves and fish. You have the fact that the disciples

750
00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:22,920
Speaker 3: are called to be fishers of men. There you have that,

751
00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:27,640
Speaker 3: and the word in Greek for fish is iklus. But

752
00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:30,239
Speaker 3: the first letters, if you take each letter in the

753
00:35:30,280 --> 00:35:32,040
Speaker 3: word icthus and then put a word to it, it

754
00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:34,080
Speaker 3: does fell out Jesus, Christ, Son of God's Savior. So

755
00:35:34,120 --> 00:35:37,839
Speaker 3: it became an acronym for Jesus. One hundred years later,

756
00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:40,160
Speaker 3: after the time of Constant, you have the cross become

757
00:35:40,200 --> 00:35:43,840
Speaker 3: the predominant symbol of Christianity, but here for an earlier period.

758
00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:46,520
Speaker 3: All the other patterns that are very geometric. So the

759
00:35:46,520 --> 00:35:48,960
Speaker 3: fact that the only animate object on there is the

760
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:52,520
Speaker 3: fish also indicates that. But even some of the patterns

761
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:55,680
Speaker 3: I've been asked before, like, is there some consistency, Is

762
00:35:55,719 --> 00:35:58,920
Speaker 3: there some reason like this inner threaded thing here is

763
00:35:58,960 --> 00:36:02,880
Speaker 3: that showing like in finish, the seems to go on forever,

764
00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:07,320
Speaker 3: But you have different patterns to my knowledge, and the.

765
00:36:07,120 --> 00:36:10,399
Speaker 7: Full dig report, even though it was Expanito four, has

766
00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:13,839
Speaker 7: not been completely finished yet, so I don't know if

767
00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:17,360
Speaker 7: there's any other mosaics in and around the Roman Empire

768
00:36:17,400 --> 00:36:17,839
Speaker 7: that would have.

769
00:36:17,800 --> 00:36:20,719
Speaker 3: Those same designs. But it truly is stunning, and even

770
00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:22,960
Speaker 3: the fact that the color has stayed fairly vibrant.

771
00:36:24,360 --> 00:36:25,640
Speaker 1: Well, as I look at these, and you mentioned talking

772
00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:29,759
Speaker 1: about infinity, what I see and take your scholarly opinion here,

773
00:36:29,800 --> 00:36:31,640
Speaker 1: because I know that we don't necessarily have it yet.

774
00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:34,200
Speaker 1: But when I think about the imprint of DNA and

775
00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:37,520
Speaker 1: the things genetically that we may find, there are patterns

776
00:36:37,560 --> 00:36:41,359
Speaker 1: there and could we potentially find that archaeology is also

777
00:36:41,440 --> 00:36:44,319
Speaker 1: pointing us towards the DNA structure of the fact that

778
00:36:44,360 --> 00:36:49,080
Speaker 1: God created the I mean, that's that's an existential question.

779
00:36:49,360 --> 00:36:51,400
Speaker 1: But I just feel like what we're seeing here physically

780
00:36:51,600 --> 00:36:55,040
Speaker 1: may also be indicative of what could be genetically within

781
00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:56,399
Speaker 1: us well, and I.

782
00:36:56,320 --> 00:36:59,080
Speaker 3: Would say too, just the fact that it shows that

783
00:36:59,160 --> 00:37:03,560
Speaker 3: there's this whole beauty of a room like this. It

784
00:37:03,680 --> 00:37:06,120
Speaker 3: is one where people came in here and to use

785
00:37:06,160 --> 00:37:09,640
Speaker 3: your imagination of having again, maybe thirty or forty people

786
00:37:09,719 --> 00:37:12,120
Speaker 3: gathered around here. Maybe few or maybe ten or fifteen,

787
00:37:12,160 --> 00:37:14,319
Speaker 3: We don't know, but we do know it was a

788
00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:19,400
Speaker 3: very egalitarian community. You have a centurion, women, and a

789
00:37:19,440 --> 00:37:22,160
Speaker 3: workman all mentioned together. Is truly stunning.

790
00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:25,120
Speaker 1: What do you hope the visitors when they come through

791
00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:26,880
Speaker 1: the Museum of the Bible kind of take away with them?

792
00:37:26,880 --> 00:37:28,960
Speaker 1: Because everyone's gonna have an individual experience. I know that

793
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:31,520
Speaker 1: you can't generalize, but what do you hope because this

794
00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:34,680
Speaker 1: museum is very unique in terms of Washington, DC, what

795
00:37:34,719 --> 00:37:36,680
Speaker 1: do you hope that they actually walk away with when

796
00:37:36,719 --> 00:37:37,160
Speaker 1: they leave here?

797
00:37:37,640 --> 00:37:39,640
Speaker 3: So in our mission, we just want to talk about

798
00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:43,399
Speaker 3: the transformative power of the Bible. And I think even

799
00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:46,520
Speaker 3: a room like this shows that here's this community that,

800
00:37:46,680 --> 00:37:50,480
Speaker 3: probably to some risk of their own career, Guy Hoist

801
00:37:50,520 --> 00:37:54,120
Speaker 3: or centurion or these women, they were going to worship Jesus.

802
00:37:54,160 --> 00:37:57,720
Speaker 3: Why because they believed in the New Testament. They believed

803
00:37:57,719 --> 00:38:00,439
Speaker 3: in that transformative power. And I think that is something

804
00:38:00,480 --> 00:38:02,560
Speaker 3: still today when we want all of our visitors to

805
00:38:02,560 --> 00:38:04,799
Speaker 3: come and at least reflect on the fact that the

806
00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:08,520
Speaker 3: Bible is a transforming power in culture. And they even

807
00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:10,680
Speaker 3: studies have shown that where the Bible has gone, where

808
00:38:10,680 --> 00:38:14,280
Speaker 3: Bible translation has done, it's often elevated the society. Literacy

809
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:18,000
Speaker 3: goes up, economy goes up, and it's something that the

810
00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:19,760
Speaker 3: word comes with power, so to speak.

811
00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:22,400
Speaker 1: The Green family has obviously been the benefactor of this museum,

812
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:24,920
Speaker 1: and it seems like a relatively new museum. Why do

813
00:38:24,960 --> 00:38:27,480
Speaker 1: you think it took the Green family's benevolence to create

814
00:38:27,520 --> 00:38:28,680
Speaker 1: a museum of this calendar?

815
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:29,879
Speaker 2: Why have we waited so long?

816
00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:34,759
Speaker 3: Well, it's uh, I mean, there's a lot in that well.

817
00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:36,160
Speaker 1: And then the reason why I ask it is because

818
00:38:36,160 --> 00:38:38,319
Speaker 1: we think of Washington, d c. As a place of

819
00:38:38,360 --> 00:38:41,760
Speaker 1: Smithsonians and a relatively young country. Right, this has artifacts

820
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:43,839
Speaker 1: in it that are so much older, but so much

821
00:38:44,239 --> 00:38:46,600
Speaker 1: that are so incredibly pivotal to the founding of our nation,

822
00:38:46,960 --> 00:38:49,960
Speaker 1: which some people want to ignore for whatever reason. But

823
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:51,759
Speaker 1: I feel like DC had to been chosen for a

824
00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:54,760
Speaker 1: specific reason too, in terms of in places where scripture

825
00:38:54,800 --> 00:38:57,000
Speaker 1: can even be found across this city. Talk about the

826
00:38:57,000 --> 00:38:59,759
Speaker 1: parallels between why DC maybe was chosen for this well.

827
00:38:59,719 --> 00:39:03,560
Speaker 3: There were other locations that were considered, but I am

828
00:39:03,600 --> 00:39:06,640
Speaker 3: so glad DC was the ultimate choice because, for one,

829
00:39:06,719 --> 00:39:11,920
Speaker 3: you cannot do a museum poorly here in DC. Museums

830
00:39:11,920 --> 00:39:14,640
Speaker 3: here in DC, because you have so many competitors. If

831
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:17,880
Speaker 3: you don't do it with excellence, you'll be noted really quickly.

832
00:39:18,280 --> 00:39:22,000
Speaker 3: So that actually has wonderful group of competitors, so to speak,

833
00:39:22,040 --> 00:39:24,600
Speaker 3: that are giving us a peer to compare ourselves to.

834
00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:27,600
Speaker 3: But I think also DC, we're coming up on our

835
00:39:27,600 --> 00:39:30,080
Speaker 3: tw hundred and fiftieth anniversary as a country, and there's

836
00:39:30,120 --> 00:39:31,880
Speaker 3: going to be a lot of thought on just what

837
00:39:32,760 --> 00:39:35,120
Speaker 3: is the country been like over the last two hundred

838
00:39:35,120 --> 00:39:37,440
Speaker 3: fifty years. And it's without a doubt the fact that

839
00:39:37,520 --> 00:39:41,760
Speaker 3: the Bible impacted early America more than any other book.

840
00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:47,000
Speaker 3: The Book of Deuteronomy was quoted more than many of

841
00:39:47,040 --> 00:39:49,840
Speaker 3: the great other works of philosophy. I mean, the Bible

842
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:52,719
Speaker 3: was just where they drew their insights and knowledge, and

843
00:39:52,760 --> 00:39:55,120
Speaker 3: it's one where even this morning, I was in an

844
00:39:55,160 --> 00:39:59,320
Speaker 3: event where a fairly senior politician was talking about this

845
00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:03,279
Speaker 3: separation of church, and statement is often used improperly. Right,

846
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:06,399
Speaker 3: it's a thought that the church is supposed to stay

847
00:40:06,440 --> 00:40:08,640
Speaker 3: out of the state. It's actually the opposite. It was

848
00:40:08,680 --> 00:40:10,560
Speaker 3: set there so that the state was never going to

849
00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:14,320
Speaker 3: come in and infringe on religious freedom. And I value

850
00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:16,319
Speaker 3: my religious freedom and I want to value it for

851
00:40:16,360 --> 00:40:19,000
Speaker 3: all Americans, whether they're Christians or not. Just to say

852
00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:22,120
Speaker 3: that's something that we don't want state controlled religion, and

853
00:40:22,640 --> 00:40:25,480
Speaker 3: that's something where then the Bible gives us the authority.

854
00:40:25,120 --> 00:40:25,560
Speaker 2: Not the state.

855
00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:28,160
Speaker 1: I want to give you a quote here since you

856
00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:30,920
Speaker 1: mentioned this about DC, that Lawrence Schiffman, an authority on

857
00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:32,879
Speaker 1: the Dead Sea Scrolls and professor of Hebrew at NYU,

858
00:40:32,920 --> 00:40:34,200
Speaker 1: and I want to get you react to what he said.

859
00:40:34,200 --> 00:40:37,080
Speaker 1: He said, the overarching narrative is the impact of the Bible,

860
00:40:37,120 --> 00:40:39,880
Speaker 1: its own internal history of how it came together, spread

861
00:40:39,880 --> 00:40:42,000
Speaker 1: and was passed on. It exudes one of the best

862
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:46,880
Speaker 1: things about art culture in this country, Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Ethiopic, Orthodox,

863
00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:49,400
Speaker 1: all of them. Here there's a message of shared culture

864
00:40:49,680 --> 00:40:52,600
Speaker 1: and respect that the museum exudes. Everyone who comes here

865
00:40:52,640 --> 00:40:54,960
Speaker 1: is going to go out with that message. For visitors

866
00:40:54,960 --> 00:40:56,840
Speaker 1: coming to DC, it would seem that the museum is

867
00:40:56,880 --> 00:40:59,759
Speaker 1: as good as, if not better than, any Smithsonian in

868
00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:00,880
Speaker 1: this amen.

869
00:41:01,239 --> 00:41:04,719
Speaker 3: You just said it we can pass the offering playton No,

870
00:41:05,040 --> 00:41:07,680
Speaker 3: I would say, And actually, Professor Shippin and I are

871
00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:10,240
Speaker 3: doing a lecture this Sunday together here at the museum.

872
00:41:10,760 --> 00:41:14,799
Speaker 3: He has been a wonderful supporter and advocate, but also

873
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:17,440
Speaker 3: one that has helped us make sure that the narrative

874
00:41:17,640 --> 00:41:22,120
Speaker 3: is correct, accurate, and does embrace all people of the book,

875
00:41:22,280 --> 00:41:27,160
Speaker 3: whether it's a Jewish, Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, and it's one

876
00:41:27,200 --> 00:41:30,319
Speaker 3: where I would agree fuleheartedly with that with The goal

877
00:41:30,360 --> 00:41:33,440
Speaker 3: here is not to proselytize, it's not to evangelize. It's

878
00:41:33,520 --> 00:41:35,560
Speaker 3: just to put out the truth that the Bible has

879
00:41:35,560 --> 00:41:39,560
Speaker 3: been an impacting force for centuries and can that still

880
00:41:39,560 --> 00:41:40,160
Speaker 3: be true today?

881
00:41:40,880 --> 00:41:43,239
Speaker 1: A lot of Christians will come here, myself included, having

882
00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:46,120
Speaker 1: never read the entire Bible. It's a long book. I

883
00:41:46,160 --> 00:41:47,919
Speaker 1: do know that you're having a very big event though

884
00:41:47,920 --> 00:41:50,160
Speaker 1: coming up in April the reading of the Bible. Tell

885
00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:52,040
Speaker 1: me a little bit about that, because that's unique, especially

886
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:53,520
Speaker 1: as we celebrate our twohund and fifty birthday.

887
00:41:53,600 --> 00:41:53,759
Speaker 2: Yeah.

888
00:41:53,760 --> 00:41:55,759
Speaker 3: No, there's going to be about a week where the

889
00:41:55,920 --> 00:41:58,080
Speaker 3: entire Bible, from Genesis one to one all the way

890
00:41:58,120 --> 00:42:04,440
Speaker 3: through Revelation is going to be read. Some very significant politicians, actors, athletes,

891
00:42:04,480 --> 00:42:06,400
Speaker 3: and others are going to be part of that reading.

892
00:42:06,719 --> 00:42:08,759
Speaker 3: But it'll be hosted here at the Museum, and it'll

893
00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:11,319
Speaker 3: be one where I think it'll be inspiring to a

894
00:42:11,320 --> 00:42:14,400
Speaker 3: lot of people just to hear scripture read publicly in

895
00:42:14,440 --> 00:42:15,560
Speaker 3: a place like Washington, d C.

896
00:42:16,080 --> 00:42:17,640
Speaker 1: What are the things this year as we kind of

897
00:42:17,640 --> 00:42:20,040
Speaker 1: conclude our tour, here is the museum going to be

898
00:42:20,120 --> 00:42:21,720
Speaker 1: doing this year? And of course you've got the wonderful

899
00:42:21,719 --> 00:42:24,560
Speaker 1: exhibit here, you have the Mosaic, you have, of course

900
00:42:24,640 --> 00:42:25,600
Speaker 1: the reading of the Bible.

901
00:42:25,840 --> 00:42:27,120
Speaker 2: Will you be affiliated at all with.

902
00:42:27,080 --> 00:42:30,120
Speaker 1: The America Praise event that's coming up in May or

903
00:42:30,160 --> 00:42:33,120
Speaker 1: other things this year that our visitors can look forward to.

904
00:42:33,560 --> 00:42:36,239
Speaker 3: So for sure any of those events that have at

905
00:42:36,320 --> 00:42:38,759
Speaker 3: least a connection to scripture. I mean, we will have

906
00:42:38,800 --> 00:42:40,880
Speaker 3: our doors open and we will welcome people that are

907
00:42:40,880 --> 00:42:43,480
Speaker 3: coming here for another event and then come by to

908
00:42:43,520 --> 00:42:46,480
Speaker 3: the museum for America's two fiftieth We're going to have

909
00:42:46,480 --> 00:42:49,360
Speaker 3: a special exhibit called Sacred Liberty. It's going to focus

910
00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:52,000
Speaker 3: on the importance of the Bible during that first basically

911
00:42:52,040 --> 00:42:55,560
Speaker 3: generation of the founding of America. You will not be

912
00:42:55,560 --> 00:42:58,000
Speaker 3: able to walk into this museum July fourth and not

913
00:42:58,080 --> 00:43:01,520
Speaker 3: realize the Bible ACKed this country two hundred and fifty

914
00:43:01,560 --> 00:43:03,840
Speaker 3: years ago. But later this year, in November, we're going

915
00:43:03,920 --> 00:43:06,040
Speaker 3: to open a special exhibit in partnership with the Greek

916
00:43:06,160 --> 00:43:10,560
Speaker 3: Orthodox Patriarch out of Constantinople. They have given us the

917
00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:15,080
Speaker 3: green light to show for the first time various paintings

918
00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:18,840
Speaker 3: of Biblical figures we call icons that are from Patmos,

919
00:43:18,920 --> 00:43:22,160
Speaker 3: the island where Saint John wrote Revelation, and from the

920
00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:26,640
Speaker 3: city of Thessaloniki, Thessalonians in the Bible. So we're gonna

921
00:43:26,640 --> 00:43:30,200
Speaker 3: have a whole exhibit on Greek Orthodox icons that show

922
00:43:30,239 --> 00:43:33,879
Speaker 3: how art and how the Bible was basically taught through

923
00:43:34,239 --> 00:43:37,040
Speaker 3: icons in a time when sometimes literacy wasn't as high.

924
00:43:37,080 --> 00:43:39,279
Speaker 3: So we have so many more things in twenty twenty

925
00:43:39,360 --> 00:43:41,200
Speaker 3: six and then twenty twenty seven's.

926
00:43:40,920 --> 00:43:42,759
Speaker 1: Coming and finally doctor dig Where can people go to

927
00:43:42,800 --> 00:43:44,920
Speaker 1: find out more information about the museum and specifically how

928
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:46,759
Speaker 1: to connect with you and your research that you do

929
00:43:46,800 --> 00:43:47,799
Speaker 1: in all the lectures that you give.

930
00:43:47,920 --> 00:43:50,200
Speaker 3: Yeah, So Museum of the Bible dot or go to

931
00:43:50,239 --> 00:43:53,040
Speaker 3: our website you can see all of our educational events

932
00:43:53,040 --> 00:43:55,960
Speaker 3: are various other lecture type events that are coming up,

933
00:43:56,000 --> 00:43:58,960
Speaker 3: and ways that you can come visit the museum. And

934
00:43:59,160 --> 00:44:01,920
Speaker 3: really it would take you a week to see everything

935
00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:03,879
Speaker 3: in this museum if you wanted to read everything else.

936
00:44:03,920 --> 00:44:06,640
Speaker 3: So become a member so you can come back many times.

937
00:44:06,640 --> 00:44:10,000
Speaker 2: Perfect. Thank you, doctor Due, I appreciate that was terrific man.

938
00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:26,520
Speaker 2: Thank you, welcome back.

939
00:44:27,160 --> 00:44:30,480
Speaker 1: The Museum of the Bible is a fascinating place, and

940
00:44:30,600 --> 00:44:34,040
Speaker 1: having visited a number of great museums in our nation's capital,

941
00:44:34,440 --> 00:44:36,960
Speaker 1: I can tell you with certainty that it is worth

942
00:44:37,000 --> 00:44:39,840
Speaker 1: your time to visit. I remember when I went to

943
00:44:39,840 --> 00:44:43,880
Speaker 1: see the Declaration of Independence and Constitution at the National Archives.

944
00:44:44,200 --> 00:44:47,279
Speaker 1: How amazing it is to see an original document that

945
00:44:47,360 --> 00:44:51,520
Speaker 1: is so consequential in history. When you realize that those

946
00:44:51,600 --> 00:44:54,359
Speaker 1: documents are a mere two hundred and fifty years old

947
00:44:54,680 --> 00:44:57,560
Speaker 1: and the Dead Sea Scrolls are two thousand years old,

948
00:44:58,080 --> 00:44:58,880
Speaker 1: it really.

949
00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:00,000
Speaker 2: Puts things into perspective.

950
00:45:00,960 --> 00:45:04,719
Speaker 1: Our nation is relatively young, all things considered, so our

951
00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:08,360
Speaker 1: museums hold rather young documents compared to what is housed

952
00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:11,080
Speaker 1: in the Museum of the Bible. What I took away

953
00:45:11,080 --> 00:45:13,759
Speaker 1: from my walk with doctor Duke is that number one,

954
00:45:14,280 --> 00:45:15,600
Speaker 1: the fact we even have.

955
00:45:15,719 --> 00:45:17,800
Speaker 2: These scrolls is a remarkable feat.

956
00:45:18,400 --> 00:45:20,760
Speaker 1: Had the Bedouin not thrown that rock down a cave,

957
00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:25,000
Speaker 1: we might never know about them. Secondly, the Bible we

958
00:45:25,080 --> 00:45:30,240
Speaker 1: read today has remarkable consistency and accuracy from the transcriptions

959
00:45:30,280 --> 00:45:34,160
Speaker 1: over thousands of years, with only minor variations in text.

960
00:45:34,960 --> 00:45:37,800
Speaker 1: I found it fascinating that at the time these scrolls

961
00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:41,480
Speaker 1: were being transcribed and read in the first century, Jesus

962
00:45:41,480 --> 00:45:44,680
Speaker 1: of Nazareth was walking the earth in this vicinity during

963
00:45:44,719 --> 00:45:48,640
Speaker 1: his ministry. I mean, imagine you're in Israel thousands of

964
00:45:48,719 --> 00:45:52,880
Speaker 1: years ago reading about prophecy from Isaiah and then hearing

965
00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:56,760
Speaker 1: about or even better yet getting to see the rabbi

966
00:45:56,840 --> 00:46:00,160
Speaker 1: these prophecies were written about. So this is something that

967
00:46:00,200 --> 00:46:04,279
Speaker 1: I reflected upon in realizing the historical time period in

968
00:46:04,320 --> 00:46:09,040
Speaker 1: which the scrolls existed, connecting Judaism to Christianity. And it

969
00:46:09,080 --> 00:46:12,760
Speaker 1: also made me think about those bone boxes. If Jesus

970
00:46:12,840 --> 00:46:15,960
Speaker 1: died and they found a body, his bones would be

971
00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:19,360
Speaker 1: in one of those boxes, but because the tomb was empty,

972
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:23,520
Speaker 1: we celebrate our risen Lord. I was also very much

973
00:46:23,560 --> 00:46:25,880
Speaker 1: taken aback by the live look at the Western wall

974
00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:29,320
Speaker 1: where it is completely empty due to the ongoing conflict

975
00:46:29,360 --> 00:46:32,160
Speaker 1: with Iran and Israel. It is unsafe to be there

976
00:46:32,320 --> 00:46:35,400
Speaker 1: with rockets still hitting the sacred area. The fact that

977
00:46:35,440 --> 00:46:37,520
Speaker 1: I could write a note that I could stick in

978
00:46:37,560 --> 00:46:40,160
Speaker 1: a crevice of the piece of wall was a testament

979
00:46:40,200 --> 00:46:43,720
Speaker 1: that this exhibition and this museum offers something that cannot

980
00:46:43,719 --> 00:46:48,120
Speaker 1: be replicated at the wall's origin. Thirdly, it was incredible

981
00:46:48,160 --> 00:46:51,400
Speaker 1: to see the Megiddo Mosaic, which is a spectacle and

982
00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:54,960
Speaker 1: quite a transition from seeing the minute fragments of scrolls

983
00:46:54,960 --> 00:46:57,799
Speaker 1: that are rather small to an entire floor that you

984
00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:00,720
Speaker 1: have to physically walk around the perimeter of to see

985
00:47:00,719 --> 00:47:04,600
Speaker 1: each intricate part. To see the confluence of a benefactor,

986
00:47:04,680 --> 00:47:07,600
Speaker 1: an artisan, and a handful of women who let faith

987
00:47:07,719 --> 00:47:11,120
Speaker 1: guide Such an incredible mosaic, which is largely intact without

988
00:47:11,200 --> 00:47:16,200
Speaker 1: much blemish, was an inspiration for history and archaeology Buffs.

989
00:47:16,280 --> 00:47:19,360
Speaker 1: This is a gold mine for those of faith. It

990
00:47:19,440 --> 00:47:22,960
Speaker 1: is a treasure, a critical piece of history that shows

991
00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:27,200
Speaker 1: that Jesus Christ, the one prophesied about in the ancient scriptures,

992
00:47:27,640 --> 00:47:31,960
Speaker 1: is mentioned as God. This is what makes the museum's

993
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:36,400
Speaker 1: current exhibitions entirely unique, where one can view such critical

994
00:47:36,440 --> 00:47:40,520
Speaker 1: pieces of the Old Testament and an artistic representation of.

995
00:47:40,440 --> 00:47:42,600
Speaker 2: The New Testament in one place.

996
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:46,360
Speaker 1: As doctor Duke said, this has never been offered before

997
00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:49,480
Speaker 1: in the same place at the same time, so for

998
00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:52,200
Speaker 1: those who might visit the DC area, this would be

999
00:47:52,239 --> 00:47:56,319
Speaker 1: a remarkable, once in a lifetime opportunity. I want to

1000
00:47:56,320 --> 00:48:00,040
Speaker 1: express my gratitude to doctor Duke, doctor Carlos Campo, the

1001
00:48:00,080 --> 00:48:03,560
Speaker 1: CEO of the museum, and Kelly Cooch, head of public Relations,

1002
00:48:03,560 --> 00:48:06,520
Speaker 1: for being so hospitable. All of what you have seen

1003
00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:10,120
Speaker 1: today was made possible by the Museum and the Israel

1004
00:48:10,120 --> 00:48:11,600
Speaker 1: Antiquities Authority.

1005
00:48:11,920 --> 00:48:13,200
Speaker 2: What I think you will find.

1006
00:48:12,960 --> 00:48:16,000
Speaker 1: Compelling as well is that in light of the current

1007
00:48:16,040 --> 00:48:19,440
Speaker 1: conflict in Israel, we simply don't know how much of

1008
00:48:19,520 --> 00:48:23,880
Speaker 1: ancient and biblical history could be potentially destroyed or lost.

1009
00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:27,160
Speaker 1: We also don't know and tourism will resume in Israel,

1010
00:48:27,520 --> 00:48:30,880
Speaker 1: especially for Christians who want to walk the steps of Jesus.

1011
00:48:31,719 --> 00:48:34,960
Speaker 1: So this Easter, as we reflect upon the risen Christ,

1012
00:48:35,560 --> 00:48:39,040
Speaker 1: I encourage you to think about the continued persecution of

1013
00:48:39,160 --> 00:48:43,560
Speaker 1: people of faith, how our modern world's chaos and conflicts

1014
00:48:43,840 --> 00:48:49,000
Speaker 1: connect directly to ancient Israel and its persecution, and the

1015
00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:53,000
Speaker 1: one man who defied persecution and death so that we.

1016
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:55,120
Speaker 2: Could have a new life.

1017
00:48:55,239 --> 00:48:57,879
Speaker 1: The same Messiah who came to save man's soul two

1018
00:48:57,920 --> 00:49:01,560
Speaker 1: thousand years ago still represent It's a lifeline for the hopeless,

1019
00:49:01,960 --> 00:49:05,920
Speaker 1: the downtrodden, and the center. It's never too late to

1020
00:49:05,920 --> 00:49:09,560
Speaker 1: start believing, but it's always too late to wait. I

1021
00:49:09,600 --> 00:49:11,560
Speaker 1: hope you'll have a chance to see these artifacts and

1022
00:49:11,560 --> 00:49:14,160
Speaker 1: scrolls as I did at the Museum of the Bible,

1023
00:49:14,520 --> 00:49:14,759
Speaker 1: and I

1024
00:49:14,800 --> 00:49:17,880
Speaker 2: Wish you all a very happy and reflective Easter.