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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff

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Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind.

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Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb and I'm Christian Sager. Hey,

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Speaker 1: how many times, like when you're just walking around the

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Speaker 1: city we live in Atlanta, Like you're at a park

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Speaker 1: or you're just walking around, maybe with your son or

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Speaker 1: something like that, do you see just these utterly bizarre mushrooms? Oh? Yes, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I I This is something I love about living in Atlanta,

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Speaker 1: or at least the slice of Atlanta I live in,

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Speaker 1: because there's plenty of you know, plenty of vegetation around,

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Speaker 1: plenty of you know, park areas, and then after a

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Speaker 1: rain typically so when you see these these strange fungal

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Speaker 1: bodies burst up out of the ground and take on weird,

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Speaker 1: bizarre shapes. In fact, it's something that I've I've loved

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Speaker 1: doing with with my son who's four now, but for

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Speaker 1: for years now, when we're going to the park, park

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Speaker 1: and all, if we see some sort of a weird mushroom,

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Speaker 1: like go oh, let's look at this weird mushroom and uh,

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Speaker 1: and so he'll point him out. Now I go, oh,

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Speaker 1: there's a weird mushroom over here, let's go look at

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Speaker 1: it and you guys try to figure out what it

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Speaker 1: is that you take pictures and then back home you

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Speaker 1: try to like match it to a database or something

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Speaker 1: like that. Yeah, you know, you just do a do

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Speaker 1: a search for Hey, what kind of mushroom looks like

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Speaker 1: a weird fallust? And uh And in fact, that mushroom

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Speaker 1: which frequently pops up in our in our own yard

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Speaker 1: out of the mulch, is one that's called mu tennis

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Speaker 1: caninus or dogs stink horn, because it supposedly looks like

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Speaker 1: a dog fallust and it smells really awful. Oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's the worst image. I don't know what a dog

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Speaker 1: stink horn looks like. The media the dog lipstick. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's the worst. Well, yeah, because you know, I'm from

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Speaker 1: the Northeast originally, and man, the mushrooms down here are bonkers,

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Speaker 1: like like, uh so some of our Facebook followers might

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Speaker 1: remember this, but I posted to our Facebook page maybe

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Speaker 1: six months ago. Took my dog to the dog park

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Speaker 1: and it was right after a rain like you described,

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Speaker 1: maybe a day, and there was this totally bizarre thing

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Speaker 1: growing up out of the ground. Didn't even look like

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Speaker 1: a mushroom. It looked like the egg from Alien and

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Speaker 1: it looked like the egg had opened, um, and it

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Speaker 1: was red on the inside. And so I took a

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Speaker 1: picture of it, and I was like, well, who better

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Speaker 1: to answer what this thing is than our Facebook followers.

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Speaker 1: So I uploaded the picture and said, does anybody know

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Speaker 1: what this is? And they did. Somebody figured it out.

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Speaker 1: It's the Devil's finger fungus, that's what it's called. And

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Speaker 1: like not a month later, Nurdiced did like a like

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Speaker 1: a feature on their site on the Devil's finger fungus

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Speaker 1: and how it looks exactly like a xenomorphag. But I

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Speaker 1: was like, I don't this looks like some alien thing

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Speaker 1: that's in the dog park. I don't want my dog

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Speaker 1: around it. What what is this thing? You know? Um?

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Speaker 1: So I was a little worried at first, but it

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Speaker 1: turns out it's relatively harmless. Yeah. There's another one that

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Speaker 1: I can't remember what this one is called, but I

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Speaker 1: see it in our yards sometimes where it's it's as

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Speaker 1: if there is an underworld and occasionally they use cocking

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Speaker 1: to to fill to fill in holes between our world

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Speaker 1: and there, and it kind of puffs outing bubble. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I know, exactly which one you're talking about. I've seen

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Speaker 1: that one before, like on the sidewalking your where I live. Now,

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Speaker 1: now tell me this. Uh, you're a dog owner, I'm not. Um.

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Speaker 1: In various neighborhood threads that I've seen about weird mushrooms,

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Speaker 1: I've seen some people react with wonder and off and

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Speaker 1: occasionally you know, uh uh nausea. But other people's, particularly

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Speaker 1: a few dog owners, are like, oh, I hate those mushrooms.

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Speaker 1: How can I get rid of them? Because there's this

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Speaker 1: fear and I don't know to what extent it's it's

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Speaker 1: founded or unfounded, but uh, they're afraid their dog is

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Speaker 1: going to eat the mushrooms, which of course can have

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Speaker 1: disastrous consequences. My wife worries about that constantly. Every day

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Speaker 1: when she gets home, she does a walk through the

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Speaker 1: yard and picks every single mushroom up that's growing in

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Speaker 1: the yard so that our dogs won't eat them. Um,

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Speaker 1: we have a lot of mushrooms actually, because we have

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Speaker 1: a really big We've been over to my place before.

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Speaker 1: My front yard has a really big old tree. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And our landlord is actually an arborist, and so he

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Speaker 1: told us, look, this tree is really old and a

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Speaker 1: couple of years, we're gonna have to take it down because,

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Speaker 1: like the roots are rotting. And the way you can

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Speaker 1: tell is because of the way that these bizarrely huge

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Speaker 1: mushrooms are growing up all around the tree, and so

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Speaker 1: they're fitting on the rot of the down there. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because of course the fun guy and mushrooms are are

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Speaker 1: excellent decomposed or something. Yeah, totally that. I mean, that's

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Speaker 1: how they get by, right. Um, And uh so you know,

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Speaker 1: at first I was a little worried, and I said, well, hey,

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Speaker 1: you know, you're the arborist. Is this cool for my

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Speaker 1: dogs to be around? He said it was fine, But

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Speaker 1: my wife still worries. So yeah, she's she always cleans

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Speaker 1: up that stuff. And are you talking about like next

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Speaker 1: door dot com or like those uh you know those

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Speaker 1: like message boards. This is just like a Facebook, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because there's a lot of that chatter on our neighborhood.

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Speaker 1: Well even I live in a fairly close proximity to

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Speaker 1: one another, so maybe it's the same neighborhood board. But yeah,

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Speaker 1: there's concerned about those mushrooms. I haven't heard anything about

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Speaker 1: like watch out for this one. It's poisonous. But one

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Speaker 1: of the things that's fascinating about Atlanta is that there's

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Speaker 1: so many fungal spores flying around that you get these

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Speaker 1: really bizarre, kind of off the wall mushrooms that you

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Speaker 1: wouldn't normally see, you know, especially in a city area. So, um,

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Speaker 1: who knows. I mean, I don't know about you. But

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Speaker 1: for the mushrooms that we we're gonna talk about today,

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Speaker 1: if you guys haven't guessed yet out there, listeners, we're

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Speaker 1: gonna talk about weird mushrooms today. Of course, we can't

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Speaker 1: cover all of them by any stretch of imagination, So

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Speaker 1: we just picked three either specific mushrooms or sort of

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Speaker 1: a general type of mushroom or a type of mushroom behavior,

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Speaker 1: and we're gonna sort of have a you know, the

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Speaker 1: potpourri uh episode. Yeah, the none of minor poisonous. Did

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Speaker 1: you choose any poisonous ones? Um? I always chose the

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Speaker 1: death cap, which is the most poisonous one. And um,

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Speaker 1: I mean, there's varying levels of things you shouldn't do

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Speaker 1: with the ones that I'm going to talk about today,

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Speaker 1: but the the toxicity doesn't really factor heavily into the

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Speaker 1: areas I discuss. One of them is definitely not poisonous

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Speaker 1: because it's a it's an edible mushroom, um. The others.

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Speaker 1: It's kind of it encompasses a number of different types.

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Speaker 1: But but this is the kind of thing where if

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Speaker 1: you guys like us talking about mushrooms, we can come

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Speaker 1: back and do more. We can do a one speak

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Speaker 1: various poisonous mushrooms, be good. Well, I have to say

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Speaker 1: this reminded me of an episode we almost did I

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Speaker 1: think almost a year ago, uh to this week, which

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Speaker 1: was our episode about Wolfspange, and it reminded me of

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Speaker 1: aconite poisoning. UM. Reading through these descriptions of all the mushrooms,

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Speaker 1: and really I had no idea how in depth of

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Speaker 1: field mycology is and how precise it is. And the

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Speaker 1: entries for these mushrooms were very, very detailed. I mean

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Speaker 1: so detailed that we could do an entire episode just

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Speaker 1: on one species. So for these entries we really had

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Speaker 1: to I think boil them down to their essence. Again,

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Speaker 1: no pun intended. We're not actually boiling the mushrooms down here,

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Speaker 1: but but yeah, they're they're fascinating um. And it's just

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Speaker 1: this thing that we we all kind of just live with.

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Speaker 1: And you know what, I mean like they're everywhere and

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Speaker 1: we'm at the grocery store and we eat them, but like, uh,

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Speaker 1: there there there's an endless variety of them, and they

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Speaker 1: all do these like very different things and have incredibly

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Speaker 1: complex compounds inside of them. And I feel like we're

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Speaker 1: only like as a as a scientific society, like on

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Speaker 1: the tip of understanding fungal growth. Yeah, I mean, there's

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Speaker 1: there is so much diversity out there. We keep discovering

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Speaker 1: new species to the point where I'm I can only

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Speaker 1: give like a rough estimate right now, but essentially we're

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Speaker 1: looking at a hundred thousand different fungi species, and of those,

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Speaker 1: we're looking at in the neighborhood of fourteen thousand mushrooms.

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Speaker 1: And again that is that's a number that's constantly changing.

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Speaker 1: I looked at numbers from a few years back and

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Speaker 1: they were significantly less than that. So it's a it's

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Speaker 1: an amazing world. And you know they are so because

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Speaker 1: they're so weird, they're so alien. It's no wonder that

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Speaker 1: you you can find conspiracy theorists who think they came

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Speaker 1: from space, especially when you see ones that look like

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Speaker 1: a xenomorph. Yeah, or I can I mean, going back

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Speaker 1: to our Wolf Spain episode, right, Like, imagine all of

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Speaker 1: the folklore that sprang up out of all the various

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Speaker 1: species of mushroom. Yeah, they're so different looking. If you

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Speaker 1: didn't you know, have a broader scientific understanding of them,

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Speaker 1: you wouldn't even classify them as being the same thing. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like one of my one of my favorite monsters from

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Speaker 1: the Dungeon and Dragon universe or the Mikon It's which,

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Speaker 1: of course our mushroom people, the monster science episode on them. No,

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Speaker 1: we did a Monster Science on the Mushrooms of Matanga,

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Speaker 1: which was a Tohoe horror film about this these spores

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Speaker 1: that turned people into walking mushrooms. It's a it's actually

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Speaker 1: a really creepy movie, totally different vibe than most of

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Speaker 1: the Toho films. Well, so full disclosure, audience. The reason

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Speaker 1: why I propose that we do an episode on weird

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Speaker 1: weird mushrooms is I'm working on like a horror story

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Speaker 1: right now that the basis is about mushrooms and spores

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Speaker 1: and mycology, and so I was like, you know, I'd

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Speaker 1: like to know a little bit more about this, and

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Speaker 1: I think it would be a good topic for our listeners.

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Speaker 1: So here we are Um. One of the things that

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Speaker 1: I just want to bring up before we dive into

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Speaker 1: the individual ones. The funky as an organism essentially has

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Speaker 1: a parasitic lifestyle, and that's something I think we we

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Speaker 1: forget about. We see our mushrooms in the grocery store

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Speaker 1: wrapped in plastic and we just go, oh, that's that's

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Speaker 1: a lot of people just think it's a vegetable, right, Um.

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Speaker 1: But they absorb soluble nutrients through sell membranes. That's how

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Speaker 1: they subsist and uh with together with bacteria, as you said,

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Speaker 1: they're responsible for the decay of organic matter. Now, some

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Speaker 1: estimate that of the biomass on the entire planet is

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Speaker 1: fun Guy, that's a lot. So I mean it's worth

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Speaker 1: go mycologists. It's it's worth uh studying further and us

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Speaker 1: knowing a lot more about these, especially when you get

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Speaker 1: into the health benefits that we'll talk about. Yeah, So,

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Speaker 1: without further ado, let's go ahead and kick things off.

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Speaker 1: I believe you have our first mushroom of the episode. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and this is the one that is most well known

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Speaker 1: for its health benefits. It's called the Rashima mushroom. Oh,

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Speaker 1: and I want to jump in real quick and just

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Speaker 1: tell everybody that on the landing page for this episode,

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Speaker 1: I'm going to have a picture of each one that

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Speaker 1: we're discussing. So if you start wondering about it, just

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Speaker 1: go to stuff to Blow your Mind dot com. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and you'll be able to see what each one of

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Speaker 1: these looks like, especially because we were show some really

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Speaker 1: bizarre looking The raci isn't as well known for being

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Speaker 1: bizarre looking, although it is kind of weird looking. It's

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Speaker 1: mostly known for its life extending properties. In fact, they've

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Speaker 1: been used medicinally for at least two thousand years because

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Speaker 1: they have a reputation for promoting health and longevity. Rayci,

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Speaker 1: I believe, is the name for it in Japan. It's

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Speaker 1: also called the ling g mushroom in China. Now you

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Speaker 1: may recognize these, Uh. They're kind of a deep reddish brown.

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Speaker 1: They're shaped sort of like saucers. The upper surface of

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Speaker 1: them looks like it's lacquered when it gets wet. Um

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Speaker 1: And because they have this glossy look, some people call

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Speaker 1: them varnished conks. And I went, what's the conk? Well,

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Speaker 1: conk is a mushroom that has pores instead of gills.

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Speaker 1: Um And again I've never heard of them referred to

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Speaker 1: as gills before, so that's a nice creepy metaphor there

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Speaker 1: as well. I have to say this one kind of

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Speaker 1: looks like they might be leathery human ears. Yeah. Well,

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Speaker 1: you know what's funny is um I don't know if

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Speaker 1: you've ever played this video game, but for but there's

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Speaker 1: a video game called battle Born, uh, and my wife

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Speaker 1: is addicted to it and I play it with her

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Speaker 1: a lot. Anyways, so there's this guy who's a living

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Speaker 1: mushroom person and he his head is like a mushroom

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Speaker 1: cap and his head looks like a racie mushroom and

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Speaker 1: he's the healer in the game. So he's the one who,

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Speaker 1: like he blasts the other characters with mushroom spores and

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Speaker 1: makes them feel better. And then he can take off

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Speaker 1: his mushroom cap and throw it down on the ground

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Speaker 1: and it acts as like a healing area buffer or

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Speaker 1: something like that. So I have to assume that the

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Speaker 1: people who made battle Born were inspired by the Racehie

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Speaker 1: mushroom when they came up with this character. Anyways, the

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Speaker 1: Racehi they grow up to be eight inches to or

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Speaker 1: around twenty centimeters in diameter. You usually find them in

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Speaker 1: temperate forests. These are moist areas sometimes in Asia, Europe,

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Speaker 1: South America in the US, and they typically attach themselves

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Speaker 1: to trees. So similar to what I was just talking

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Speaker 1: about with the tree in my front yard, they're probably

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Speaker 1: feeding off of the decay on these trees. Uh. So

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Speaker 1: here's the deal, why is it a weird mushroom? Well,

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Speaker 1: there's actually something to this life extending property thing. This

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Speaker 1: isn't just like a you know, folklore myth um. They

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Speaker 1: are prepared as teas or as infusions. You can also

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Speaker 1: get them as capsules or tinctures, and you can even

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Speaker 1: eat them in candy, chocolate bars, and coffee blends. I

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Speaker 1: was thinking to myself that a Racie coffee blend might

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Speaker 1: be good, But I don't know what a Rachie US

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Speaker 1: mushroom tastes like yet. Uh yeah, I guess it would

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Speaker 1: taste like a mushroom tea, which is is not generally

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Speaker 1: not that pleasant, and in my opinion, I don't know,

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Speaker 1: probably maybe yeah. Um. Now you see, so when I

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Speaker 1: went to do research on this one, you see a

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Speaker 1: lot of advertisements or articles pop up about them, and

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Speaker 1: kind of new age style publications about these life extending properties, right, um,

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Speaker 1: and if we are talking about traditional medicine and supplement

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Speaker 1: here so exactly, they used to be pretty rare, but

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Speaker 1: there's new cultural cultivation advances that make them more widely available. Um.

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Speaker 1: But the reviews of science literature do indicate that most

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Speaker 1: of the medicinal claims for these mushrooms can be validated.

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Speaker 1: So let's just talk briefly about what's the science behind them. Well,

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Speaker 1: research has found that because of unique compounds in these mushrooms,

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Speaker 1: they can stimulate our brain neurons, search and destroy cancer cells,

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Speaker 1: and prevent the development of fat cells in obese individuals.

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Speaker 1: So that alone is like, that's a pretty broad summaryn wow. Um.

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Speaker 1: And they've done lots of studies on mice and humans.

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Speaker 1: But studies on mice have shown that these mushrooms may

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Speaker 1: also have therapeutic effects on asthma, allergies, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's,

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Speaker 1: Parkinson's diabetes, liver failure, and more. Now that it all

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Speaker 1: boils down to these three compounds that are in the

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Speaker 1: rati mushroom that give it its health be fits. And

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Speaker 1: this is this is what why I said earlier, like

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Speaker 1: these mushrooms are just incredibly complex in their organic matter.

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Speaker 1: So the three are polysaccharides. Now, these have anti aging

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Speaker 1: effects because they prevent abnormal blood vessel formation in our bodies.

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Speaker 1: They also boost immune system function. There's also triter penes

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Speaker 1: that protect the liver. Uh. They lower our blood pressure

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Speaker 1: and our cholesterol, and they prevent platelet clumping in the

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Speaker 1: blood that leads to heart attacks or strokes. They also

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Speaker 1: fight allergic responses that are triggered by histamines and indicate

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Speaker 1: anti cancer activity. Now, the last compound is called the

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Speaker 1: ganoderma lucidum peptide. We've got a lot of latin in

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Speaker 1: this episode because mycology really loves its latin. Now, that's

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Speaker 1: a protein that has strong antioxidant characteristics that are still

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Speaker 1: being studied. So there's a lot going on here with

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Speaker 1: this raci mushroom. Uh. There's other studies that indicate that

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Speaker 1: it can reduce the size and growth rate of tumors,

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Speaker 1: both in human and animal trials. UH, And in fact,

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Speaker 1: it's most dramatic in cases of colorectal cancer. However, I

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Speaker 1: do want to qualify that statement with there are other

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Speaker 1: studies that dispute the use of these mushrooms for treating cancer.

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Speaker 1: So it's it's kind of up in the air right

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Speaker 1: now and it requires more research. But some oncologists have

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Speaker 1: concerns that the mushrooms antioxidant properties may actually interfere with

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Speaker 1: chemotherapy drugs. So yes, it may have anti cancer properties,

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Speaker 1: but it may also interfere with other therapy for cancer. Um,

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Speaker 1: these mushrooms are like a mini first aid kit, Like

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Speaker 1: it seems like they're just this great thing that you

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Speaker 1: should take every day, you know, although there's and and

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Speaker 1: forth noting you were not in the pocket of big

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Speaker 1: fungutions no big right, she does not support the show.

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Speaker 1: I don't know. I haven't done an ad read yet

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Speaker 1: for this episode. Maybe it's there was a race dot

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Speaker 1: com And I do have to admit that when I

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Speaker 1: was doing research for this, I saw a lot of

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Speaker 1: sites that were like, Hey, buy your raciot supplements here,

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Speaker 1: get um, get the tease, get the chocolate bars, whatever.

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Speaker 1: So there's totally a business that thrives around this. But

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Speaker 1: there is some science to it. Well, actually a lot

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Speaker 1: of science to it. So what do you have? Well,

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Speaker 1: my first one here is not not a specific mushroom,

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Speaker 1: though I will mention a couple of different specific ones

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Speaker 1: as we go. But discussing the topic of of bioluminescent mushrooms,

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, so um, I'm sure everyone's quite well acquainted

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Speaker 1: with the mushrooms elevated status in the iconography of stone

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Speaker 1: or black light post Um. I'm thinking of like every

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Speaker 1: you know metal fan, every sleep metal album poster has

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Speaker 1: like mushrooms at the bottom of it. Yeah, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: they kind of engage in in that kind of iconography

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Speaker 1: for sure. It's too often see it's it's either the

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Speaker 1: caterpillar from the house in Wonderland a top of mushroom,

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Speaker 1: or I've seen like bong smoking wizards with mushrooms. I've

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Speaker 1: seen aliens, gray aliens into chikis with mushrooms. Um. And

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Speaker 1: of course they all glow when you have the black

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Speaker 1: light on it. But but there are of course actual

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Speaker 1: mushrooms out there, and actual uh beyond mushrooms, just fung

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Speaker 1: gui that are bioluminescent, uh, and we keep discovering more

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Speaker 1: of them. Uh. Now there are there are a rarity

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Speaker 1: within just the overall fungal population, with only about its

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Speaker 1: seventy plus species. Out of again the hundred thousand fungi species,

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Speaker 1: fourteen thousand odd mushroom species and they admit like twenty

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Speaker 1: four hours a day, but they're only gonna be able

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Speaker 1: to really observe them at night. Now. Some of the

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Speaker 1: more common species here include the jack o lantern mushroom

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Speaker 1: or um omphilatus, which will find in North America, as

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Speaker 1: well as the honey mushroom. And they've belonged to two

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Speaker 1: separate lineages here. There's another there's another one that made

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Speaker 1: the rounds a few years back called my Sinna chloroffice

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Speaker 1: and that's another glowing um mushroom, specifically a mushroom in

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Speaker 1: that case. So three quarters of the glowing mushrooms belong

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Speaker 1: to the Mycena genus uh and a group of mushrooms.

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Speaker 1: And this is a group of mushrooms that decomposed organic

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Speaker 1: matter to feed themselves, like like like a lot of

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Speaker 1: fun guys, we've discussed um. So I know you and

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Speaker 1: I share in common that we're both playing Fallout for.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, you've gotten to the point yet where you

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Speaker 1: find the glowing mushrooms. Yeah, they're popping up everywhere. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they're I mean, I guess like in the premise

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Speaker 1: of Fallout For it's probably because of radiation that yeah,

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Speaker 1: just like the glowing feral ghouls. Yeah, yeah, but no, yeah,

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Speaker 1: you find plenty of glowing fun guy, um without nuclear fallout,

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Speaker 1: right yeah. Um. They even use them in the game.

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Speaker 1: I think at one point as like there's like a

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Speaker 1: community that uses them as the lights in their underground community,

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Speaker 1: like they have the mushrooms and like lanterns. Yeah, I think, um,

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Speaker 1: what is it the children of the Atom do? That's it?

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Speaker 1: And and I'm I'm actually running a Dungeons and Dragons

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Speaker 1: campaign right now. It takes place in the under dark.

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Speaker 1: So there's a lot of five luminescent mushrooms and that

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Speaker 1: because you gotta you know, you might have everybody in

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Speaker 1: the party with dark vision, but otherwise you need to

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Speaker 1: have a little light for people to see some light visions.

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Speaker 1: You say, oh, well, there's some luminescent mushroom right here. Now,

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Speaker 1: what kind of glow are we talking about? Generally it's

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Speaker 1: a yellowish greenish light with wavelength of five nanometers. Not

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Speaker 1: all of the parts of the mushrooms necessarily glow, and

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Speaker 1: some species it's only the cap for the gills. In

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Speaker 1: others it's the stem, and some species the mushrooms don't

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Speaker 1: really glow. At all. But it's the fine thread like

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Speaker 1: filaments the mycelium from which the mushrooms developed that grows

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Speaker 1: brightly and specifically, we're talking about a lucifer in lucifories

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Speaker 1: mediated reaction here. Now, basically what we're talking about here,

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Speaker 1: these are light emitting compounds that you can find in

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Speaker 1: many creatures like fireflies. Of course they're named sort of

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Speaker 1: named after lucifer, which means a shining one or light bearer.

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Speaker 1: Makes sense because most people find them underground. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: with the devil. But but yeah, so this is this

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Speaker 1: is just a common bioluminescent property, and so that's what's

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Speaker 1: it hard here. It's nothing strange and alien and out

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Speaker 1: of keeping with other glowing creatures. Now, according to San

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Speaker 1: Francisco State University biology professor Dennis de Jardine, luminescent species

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Speaker 1: of fun Guy come for about sixteen different lineages, which

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Speaker 1: suggests that luminescence evolved at a single point and some

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Speaker 1: species later lost the ability to close. So, in other words,

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Speaker 1: a single early origin of fungal luminescets. Okay, so why

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Speaker 1: but what, like why would a mushroom evolve to glow

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Speaker 1: to begin with? Like what evolutionary advantage is there to that. Well,

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Speaker 1: that's that's interesting. There a number of mysteries still remain. Uh.

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Speaker 1: De Jardine believes that some fun guy probably glow in

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Speaker 1: order to attract nocturnal animals, and these animals then you

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Speaker 1: know it's dark, they're glowing, the animals come over to

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Speaker 1: see what the glowing is about, and then they end

396
00:22:08,200 --> 00:22:12,639
Speaker 1: up helping to disperse the spores um and therefore the species.

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Speaker 1: And this is especially adaptive and closed canopy forest because

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Speaker 1: there's you're not gonna have winds blown through their you know,

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Speaker 1: crazy breezes to to to distribute the spores. Well, as

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Speaker 1: we've learned here on stuff to blow your mind. Like

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Speaker 1: any good parasite, they have an absolutely bizarre way of

402
00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:32,440
Speaker 1: reproducing that are complicated, I should say, rather than bizarre.

403
00:22:32,520 --> 00:22:35,040
Speaker 1: But yeah, that sounds like totally in line with what

404
00:22:35,119 --> 00:22:38,119
Speaker 1: we know about other parasites. Yeah. Now, another theory is

405
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Speaker 1: that in some cases they glow to attract the predators

406
00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:44,240
Speaker 1: of insects they eat the mushrooms, so it's kind of

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00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:46,480
Speaker 1: an offensive mechanism. And then in other cases we just

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00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:50,920
Speaker 1: don't know, Like we're continually finding new bioluminocent mushrooms, and

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00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:55,560
Speaker 1: some of them may have a different game in play. Yeah, huh, fascinating.

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Speaker 1: Now I'm now, I'm like really curious if you can

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Speaker 1: really light up a room bioluminescent mushrooms in a lantern.

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Speaker 1: Probably not, it'ld still be pretty gloomy. Well, it would

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Speaker 1: be like tracking like a goth nightclub, but probably not

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Speaker 1: in office space. It would have it would be the

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00:23:11,320 --> 00:23:14,639
Speaker 1: same sort of situation as trying to fill a lantern

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Speaker 1: with lightning bugs and light your way, or or if

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00:23:18,280 --> 00:23:24,520
Speaker 1: you're in the original Riddick movie, like bioluminescent grubs. Yeah, well,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna take a quick break, but when we get back,

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Speaker 1: we're going to talk about the puff ball mushroom. All right,

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Speaker 1: we're back. Now. This one is This one is the

421
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Speaker 1: phone because I have a lot of fond memories of

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Speaker 1: this because when I was a when I was a kid,

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Speaker 1: I was in boy Scouts, and it seemed like we

424
00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:48,840
Speaker 1: were always having our scout trips out to this area.

425
00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:51,800
Speaker 1: They had a bunch of cows. So there was something

426
00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:56,040
Speaker 1: about the puff balls were always growing up around the

427
00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:58,440
Speaker 1: cows because of the manure. I don't know, I mean,

428
00:23:58,480 --> 00:24:00,679
Speaker 1: I know, so I certainly know that some mushrooms and

429
00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:04,840
Speaker 1: including psychedelic mushrooms, depend on comedy or and that's where

430
00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:07,600
Speaker 1: you go to find them. But in this case, I think,

431
00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:09,320
Speaker 1: I don't know. They're just growing in the same fields

432
00:24:09,320 --> 00:24:11,280
Speaker 1: with them. And so everyone got a big kick out

433
00:24:11,280 --> 00:24:14,040
Speaker 1: of stepping on the puff balls and or stepping on

434
00:24:14,160 --> 00:24:17,440
Speaker 1: the dried cow patties. Right, Because the spores puff out,

435
00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:20,479
Speaker 1: that's why they're called called puff balls. I thought they

436
00:24:20,480 --> 00:24:23,879
Speaker 1: were called puffballs because they looked like these little puffy clouds.

437
00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:26,359
Speaker 1: Well that's when they grow up there. Actually, I would

438
00:24:26,359 --> 00:24:28,239
Speaker 1: say of the mushrooms we're talking about today, these are

439
00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:31,680
Speaker 1: probably the ones that people are most visually familiar with. Um.

440
00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:34,800
Speaker 1: They do kind of look like the mushrooms that we

441
00:24:35,160 --> 00:24:37,040
Speaker 1: you know, the just generic mushrooms that you buy at

442
00:24:37,080 --> 00:24:39,119
Speaker 1: the grocery store and at to your salad or whatever,

443
00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:42,640
Speaker 1: but they're sort of like a bigger, mutated version of them. Um.

444
00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:44,800
Speaker 1: And yeah, like I said, they're called puffballs not because

445
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,520
Speaker 1: of how they look, but because the spores puff out

446
00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:51,000
Speaker 1: of them in a cloud when they're hit, even by

447
00:24:51,080 --> 00:24:54,119
Speaker 1: falling rain drops. That's nuts to me. Any kind of

448
00:24:54,200 --> 00:25:00,800
Speaker 1: impact amidst these spores. So again reproduction. Uh, they're found worldwide,

449
00:25:01,240 --> 00:25:05,040
Speaker 1: but when they desiccate, they release their spores when they're agitated,

450
00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:10,159
Speaker 1: and only one puffball species can produce psychoactive affection. Might

451
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:12,760
Speaker 1: be wondering why I'm bringing that up, Well, it's important

452
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:14,399
Speaker 1: to a case study that I'm gonna bring up in

453
00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:17,040
Speaker 1: a little bit here. Um, there are a lot of

454
00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:20,560
Speaker 1: different varieties of puffball mushrooms. They all belong in the

455
00:25:20,640 --> 00:25:25,240
Speaker 1: Bassie dio micada division, and they all have the following

456
00:25:25,320 --> 00:25:28,399
Speaker 1: characteristics in common. They do not grow an open cap

457
00:25:28,480 --> 00:25:31,240
Speaker 1: with the spore bearing gills, so that's why they have

458
00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:35,200
Speaker 1: to you know, emit their spores when they're when they're agitated. Instead,

459
00:25:35,240 --> 00:25:38,560
Speaker 1: the spores are grown internally and the mushroom develops an

460
00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:42,440
Speaker 1: aperture or it splits open to release the spores outward.

461
00:25:43,280 --> 00:25:46,480
Speaker 1: Puffballs are a variety of sizes. Some can be as

462
00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:48,480
Speaker 1: small as a marble, and others can be as big

463
00:25:48,520 --> 00:25:50,320
Speaker 1: as a basketball. I saw a picture of a guy

464
00:25:50,359 --> 00:25:52,159
Speaker 1: holding one that was as big as a basketball, and

465
00:25:52,200 --> 00:25:54,400
Speaker 1: I was I was kind of shocked by that. Um.

466
00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:56,840
Speaker 1: But they're white and round. They look a lot like

467
00:25:56,880 --> 00:26:00,200
Speaker 1: what you think mushrooms look like. Sometimes they're smooth than

468
00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:02,760
Speaker 1: other times. They have large wartz or or even like

469
00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:06,399
Speaker 1: little spikes on their surface, and there's very little stems,

470
00:26:06,400 --> 00:26:10,119
Speaker 1: so they're pretty close to the ground. The term puff

471
00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:15,600
Speaker 1: ball refers to three genera of fungi Calvadia, calbo vista,

472
00:26:15,760 --> 00:26:19,040
Speaker 1: and leco perdon. Now leco pernn is the one that

473
00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:22,679
Speaker 1: I really want to focus on today. Um, but really

474
00:26:22,720 --> 00:26:25,240
Speaker 1: make sure so for instance, like if you're out there,

475
00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:27,800
Speaker 1: like Robert, you just said you saw them when you

476
00:26:27,840 --> 00:26:29,440
Speaker 1: were you know, going to look at cows and stuff

477
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:32,080
Speaker 1: like that, Right, So some people go and forage for

478
00:26:32,119 --> 00:26:36,160
Speaker 1: puffballs and they you know, by all accounts it's it's edible.

479
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:39,959
Speaker 1: And uh we did actually an episode here at How

480
00:26:39,960 --> 00:26:43,959
Speaker 1: Stuff Works about foraging in the woods for various foods.

481
00:26:44,119 --> 00:26:46,399
Speaker 1: So I'm just gonna leave you with this disclaimer, like

482
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,360
Speaker 1: you should really make sure you know exactly what kind

483
00:26:50,359 --> 00:26:52,400
Speaker 1: of mushroom you're picking before you just go out into

484
00:26:52,440 --> 00:26:54,520
Speaker 1: the woods and grab a mushroom and throw it into

485
00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:56,280
Speaker 1: a salad or pop it in your mouth. I don't

486
00:26:56,359 --> 00:26:59,080
Speaker 1: don't go picking odd mushrooms based on anything we've told

487
00:26:59,080 --> 00:27:01,600
Speaker 1: you here. If you're gonna engage in that, and make

488
00:27:01,640 --> 00:27:05,320
Speaker 1: sure you are following the footsteps of a true expert.

489
00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:09,719
Speaker 1: And the reason why, especially with puffballs, is because you

490
00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:13,680
Speaker 1: can get quite sick even from just breathing in their spores.

491
00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:17,119
Speaker 1: So this is the main mushroom that's responsible for something

492
00:27:17,160 --> 00:27:22,680
Speaker 1: called lycoperdonosis. This is a really rare respiratory illness that's

493
00:27:22,720 --> 00:27:26,520
Speaker 1: caused by inhaling mushroom spores. And this is the case

494
00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:29,280
Speaker 1: study that I wanted to mention to you. Uh In

495
00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:35,679
Speaker 1: eight teenagers in southeastern Wisconsin had inhaled and chewed the

496
00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:40,399
Speaker 1: spores of puffball mushrooms at a party. Now, according to

497
00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:42,600
Speaker 1: the study that I read, there were no other illicit

498
00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:44,640
Speaker 1: drugs that were found at this party. But it's hard

499
00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:47,000
Speaker 1: for me to believe that these kids weren't eating these

500
00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:49,640
Speaker 1: mushrooms because they thought they would have some psychoactive properties.

501
00:27:49,680 --> 00:27:52,320
Speaker 1: That's why I mentioned earlier there's only one of these

502
00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:56,040
Speaker 1: that has any kind of properties like that. Three of

503
00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:59,880
Speaker 1: these people reported nausea within six to thirteen hours. Within

504
00:28:00,040 --> 00:28:04,200
Speaker 1: three to seven days, all of the patients had a cough, fever,

505
00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:08,160
Speaker 1: shortness of breath, muscle pain, and fatigue. Five of them

506
00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:11,199
Speaker 1: were hospitalized too, had to be intovated. They had to

507
00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:14,440
Speaker 1: have a tube put down their throat. Three had to

508
00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:17,959
Speaker 1: undergo various kinds of lung biopsies to figure out what

509
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:20,560
Speaker 1: was going on with them. This revealed that their lungs

510
00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:24,959
Speaker 1: were inflamed and they had formed yeast like structures in

511
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:29,800
Speaker 1: between the flesh of their lungs that were like mushroom spores,

512
00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:33,320
Speaker 1: but there were no fungal cultures found in their lungs.

513
00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:36,800
Speaker 1: The spores got in there and and either replicated or

514
00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:40,320
Speaker 1: just we're clogging up their lungs or something. It really

515
00:28:40,360 --> 00:28:43,840
Speaker 1: didn't make them feel well. Uh so, I really want

516
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:45,480
Speaker 1: to warn you about this. This is like, this is

517
00:28:45,520 --> 00:28:48,080
Speaker 1: a species that seems harmless, we see it all the time,

518
00:28:48,440 --> 00:28:51,680
Speaker 1: and yet like it can make people quite sick. The

519
00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:54,959
Speaker 1: other hand, this is very rare. Um. The people were

520
00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:59,320
Speaker 1: given cotocosteroids, they got better. Four of them received antifungal

521
00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:02,360
Speaker 1: therapy with rugs. All of them recovered between a week

522
00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:05,480
Speaker 1: and a month. But despite this, there isn't a lot

523
00:29:05,520 --> 00:29:08,320
Speaker 1: of evidence for what in the literature was referred to

524
00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:12,680
Speaker 1: as the efficacy of using anti fungal agents to treat

525
00:29:12,720 --> 00:29:15,080
Speaker 1: this disease. When you breathe in these spores, they don't

526
00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:17,960
Speaker 1: know if it really works. No. And in fact, there

527
00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:20,920
Speaker 1: other than this, there's only been three other recorded cases

528
00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:23,760
Speaker 1: of this, so two of them were in children in

529
00:29:23,760 --> 00:29:27,200
Speaker 1: one and an adolescent. And remember these these were teenagers,

530
00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:30,240
Speaker 1: so it seems to be something that affects younger people more.

531
00:29:30,760 --> 00:29:33,200
Speaker 1: And I just want to point out to like, yes,

532
00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:35,560
Speaker 1: I'm I'm focusing in on the puff ball here because

533
00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:37,960
Speaker 1: it has these rare cases of this disease, right, and

534
00:29:37,960 --> 00:29:41,719
Speaker 1: they make people quite ill. But in general, the spores

535
00:29:41,760 --> 00:29:46,320
Speaker 1: of mushrooms may contain microtoxins. Okay, uh, there are several

536
00:29:46,320 --> 00:29:54,560
Speaker 1: diseases that are associated with inhaling fungal spores, including toxic numonitis, hypersensity, pneumonitis, tremors,

537
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:59,400
Speaker 1: chronic fatigue, syndrome, kidney failure, and even cancer. So you know,

538
00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:01,560
Speaker 1: before again, before you got into the woods and you

539
00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:03,840
Speaker 1: just start picking up mushrooms and breathing them in or

540
00:30:03,880 --> 00:30:06,000
Speaker 1: chopping them up and putting them in a salad, you

541
00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:09,560
Speaker 1: really want to make sure you know what you're getting. UM.

542
00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:12,040
Speaker 1: Make sure you've either got an expert with you or

543
00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:15,440
Speaker 1: I don't know, you're consulting a book or something like that. Um.

544
00:30:15,480 --> 00:30:18,560
Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean, just consider fungi have a parasitic lifestyle.

545
00:30:18,560 --> 00:30:21,840
Speaker 1: Like I said, so imagine this, like you breathe in

546
00:30:21,880 --> 00:30:24,719
Speaker 1: their spores. Of course, when they get inside your lungs,

547
00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:28,680
Speaker 1: their cell membranes are going to start absorbing nutrients through

548
00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:31,440
Speaker 1: your lungs. So, yeah, they've ended up in the wrong place,

549
00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:33,840
Speaker 1: but that doesn't mean they're They're not gonna attempt to

550
00:30:33,880 --> 00:30:37,160
Speaker 1: carry out their basic program. Yeah, absolutely so. Puff Ball,

551
00:30:37,320 --> 00:30:39,520
Speaker 1: it's a cool, weird kind of It reminds me of

552
00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:43,320
Speaker 1: jiggly Puff the Pokemon. I have to imagine that that

553
00:30:43,360 --> 00:30:48,320
Speaker 1: Pokemon was probably a designed after the puff Ball. But

554
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:51,280
Speaker 1: but yeah, it's a cute, little weird mushroom. But you

555
00:30:51,320 --> 00:30:56,560
Speaker 1: don't want to necessarily inhale those spores. Right. Well, if

556
00:30:57,000 --> 00:30:59,280
Speaker 1: you're wonderable, what what mushrooms can I eat? Well, the

557
00:30:59,320 --> 00:31:01,680
Speaker 1: one I'm going to talk about you can definitely eat.

558
00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:08,600
Speaker 1: Um It is the edible oyster mushroom or Plerotis austriatis.

559
00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:11,040
Speaker 1: And this, uh, I mean, I think I'm a lot

560
00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:13,920
Speaker 1: most of us have had this before. Oysterroom mushroom. You'll

561
00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:17,480
Speaker 1: typically find it in various stir fries. It's delicious. But

562
00:31:17,640 --> 00:31:19,440
Speaker 1: the really cool thing about it, and what I'm gonna

563
00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:23,400
Speaker 1: talk about here is that this is essentially a carnivorous mushroom.

564
00:31:23,600 --> 00:31:26,760
Speaker 1: So before it ends up on your your grocery store shelf,

565
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:29,920
Speaker 1: it's out there eating things. Now, I mean, obviously we

566
00:31:29,960 --> 00:31:32,400
Speaker 1: eat things that eat other things, unless you're just eating

567
00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:36,080
Speaker 1: straight up you know, plants that are absorbing um solar radiation.

568
00:31:36,160 --> 00:31:39,800
Speaker 1: But but the thing here is that you don't necessarily

569
00:31:39,800 --> 00:31:43,000
Speaker 1: think about what the mushrooms are consuming, and you don't think, oh,

570
00:31:43,120 --> 00:31:51,760
Speaker 1: they are essentially catching and consuming live nematodes and or spiders. Yeah,

571
00:31:51,920 --> 00:31:54,400
Speaker 1: so there's UM so when you eat them, you're getting

572
00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:57,800
Speaker 1: a little bit of spider well you know, I mean yeah,

573
00:31:57,880 --> 00:31:59,640
Speaker 1: I mean it's it kind of comes back around to

574
00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:01,719
Speaker 1: when you eat your food, how how far back are

575
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,440
Speaker 1: you're going to try and trace the heritage of your

576
00:32:04,520 --> 00:32:07,120
Speaker 1: your nutrients? Um? You know it's gonna go to something

577
00:32:07,200 --> 00:32:10,280
Speaker 1: dead at some point, right, But this isn't like, UM,

578
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:12,040
Speaker 1: I'm thinking of the fig wasp, which you and I

579
00:32:12,080 --> 00:32:15,160
Speaker 1: have both research before, you know, which which ends up

580
00:32:15,200 --> 00:32:17,840
Speaker 1: in most figs that you eat. But of course insects

581
00:32:17,880 --> 00:32:19,800
Speaker 1: wind up in most foods of the eat. So what

582
00:32:19,840 --> 00:32:24,720
Speaker 1: can you do UM in this particular case, though essentially

583
00:32:24,760 --> 00:32:29,080
Speaker 1: the idea is that the mushrooms will eat these nematodes

584
00:32:29,160 --> 00:32:32,360
Speaker 1: or these spiders. Uh. Probably is a way to supplement

585
00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:35,960
Speaker 1: low levels of nitrogen available available in the wood because

586
00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:37,600
Speaker 1: they tend to grow on like the size of trees

587
00:32:37,680 --> 00:32:39,280
Speaker 1: and stuff they have that you know, they look like

588
00:32:39,280 --> 00:32:42,480
Speaker 1: a little oysters, like little like like a little overhangs

589
00:32:42,480 --> 00:32:45,800
Speaker 1: that you know, yeah, no, might hang under to get

590
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:48,760
Speaker 1: away from the from the rain the radio. Yeah, I

591
00:32:48,760 --> 00:32:51,200
Speaker 1: know exactly what you're talking about. Yeah. So according to

592
00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:54,760
Speaker 1: a two thousand fifteen study from ARC Imaging Center at

593
00:32:54,920 --> 00:33:00,080
Speaker 1: Monash University and Brickbeck College published in Plos Biology, the

594
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:06,600
Speaker 1: shrooms employ special membrane attack complex paraffin like proteins or

595
00:33:07,600 --> 00:33:11,400
Speaker 1: m A CPF proteins to punch holes in the cells

596
00:33:11,440 --> 00:33:14,040
Speaker 1: of its prey. And what's crazy here is this is

597
00:33:14,040 --> 00:33:18,640
Speaker 1: the very tactic the human immune cells us against bacterial invaders. So,

598
00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:22,160
Speaker 1: like I'm trying to imagine this, So a spider crawls

599
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:26,840
Speaker 1: across this and these these cells start poking tiny little

600
00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:30,120
Speaker 1: holes through it. Well, the better examples probably with it

601
00:33:30,120 --> 00:33:33,120
Speaker 1: with the nematodes um and and there's actually a whole

602
00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:37,680
Speaker 1: classification of nemoto phagees fun guy, And this covers nematode

603
00:33:37,760 --> 00:33:42,080
Speaker 1: eating fungi in general. Uh. They often use um my

604
00:33:42,280 --> 00:33:47,840
Speaker 1: cilial trap structures or spores to trap the nematodes, or

605
00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:51,680
Speaker 1: they use special branching structures known as hypel tips to

606
00:33:51,800 --> 00:33:56,800
Speaker 1: attack nematode eggs and cysts. Uh. So the yeah, they're

607
00:33:56,840 --> 00:33:59,920
Speaker 1: actively engaging in I've seen some write ups even go

608
00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:02,920
Speaker 1: so far as to say they're they're hunting and killing nematodes,

609
00:34:03,280 --> 00:34:07,040
Speaker 1: they're hunting and killing spiders and in some cases as well. Uh.

610
00:34:07,520 --> 00:34:09,840
Speaker 1: And it's and it goes beyond just like near grotesque

611
00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:13,880
Speaker 1: curiosity here because their potential medical applications here, learning how

612
00:34:13,960 --> 00:34:17,840
Speaker 1: to to damp in immune response and people with autoimmune disease,

613
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:22,520
Speaker 1: stopping listeria escaping our immune cells, and preventing malaria from

614
00:34:22,600 --> 00:34:25,680
Speaker 1: infecting the liver. Those are just a few possible um

615
00:34:26,719 --> 00:34:30,120
Speaker 1: treasures we can unlock with the fungal key here. Yeah,

616
00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:32,719
Speaker 1: it seems like the m A CPF that you you

617
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:37,239
Speaker 1: mentioned earlier, those proteins, the functionality of those can sort

618
00:34:37,280 --> 00:34:40,920
Speaker 1: of be reverse engineered for our benefit. Yeah, that's the

619
00:34:41,239 --> 00:34:43,880
Speaker 1: that's the hope that the researchers have. But even if

620
00:34:43,920 --> 00:34:46,080
Speaker 1: we never get there it is. It is fascinating to

621
00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:48,680
Speaker 1: think that this this mushroom that we love is essentially

622
00:34:49,280 --> 00:34:52,799
Speaker 1: feeding itself in part on nematodes, which nobody really wants

623
00:34:52,840 --> 00:34:55,920
Speaker 1: to think about the role of nematodes uh in their diets.

624
00:34:56,200 --> 00:34:57,960
Speaker 1: But of course there are other animals that eat nematodes

625
00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:01,960
Speaker 1: as well. What can you do some people? Maybe this

626
00:35:02,640 --> 00:35:05,080
Speaker 1: next mushroom is the one that I have the hardest

627
00:35:05,120 --> 00:35:08,040
Speaker 1: time looking at pictures of. And so we mentioned earlier

628
00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:10,600
Speaker 1: we're gonna have pictures of all of these on stuff

629
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:13,279
Speaker 1: to blow your mind dot com. You should definitely go

630
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:17,080
Speaker 1: look at what this time looks beautifully bizarre. Yeah, they're

631
00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:20,560
Speaker 1: called the bleeding tooth mushroom, uh. And the reason why

632
00:35:21,040 --> 00:35:26,719
Speaker 1: is because, well, it basically looks like a white mushroom

633
00:35:27,160 --> 00:35:31,440
Speaker 1: that is bleeding all over the place. It has little droplets.

634
00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:35,720
Speaker 1: Basically that's a younger specimens of this mushroom they quote

635
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:39,000
Speaker 1: bleed a bright red juice. And here's the crazy thing.

636
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:44,600
Speaker 1: That juice has anticoagulant properties. Now, the blood itself, it's

637
00:35:44,640 --> 00:35:49,480
Speaker 1: not actual blood, uh, isn't because the mushrooms damaged. That's

638
00:35:49,600 --> 00:35:51,840
Speaker 1: just what it really looks like. It's a it's a

639
00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:55,359
Speaker 1: red sap that emerges from this mushroom because of high

640
00:35:55,520 --> 00:35:58,719
Speaker 1: root pressure. When they get older, the pressure eases and

641
00:35:58,800 --> 00:36:01,800
Speaker 1: the fungus turns brown own. But they're about three to

642
00:36:01,920 --> 00:36:05,080
Speaker 1: eight centimeters in diameter summer round but more often not

643
00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:08,800
Speaker 1: their oval or maybe multi lobed. They're white or pale pink.

644
00:36:09,239 --> 00:36:11,960
Speaker 1: They become deeper pink and then brown as they did decay.

645
00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:16,480
Speaker 1: But yeah, I mean it basically looks like, uh, it's

646
00:36:16,520 --> 00:36:20,480
Speaker 1: the stigmata of mushrooms. Like it's a it's a mushroom.

647
00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:22,880
Speaker 1: It's it's a kind of bizarrely shaped mushroom too. It's

648
00:36:22,880 --> 00:36:25,400
Speaker 1: a little pinkish, a little whitish, but there's just little

649
00:36:26,040 --> 00:36:30,000
Speaker 1: dots of what looks like blood coming out of this thing,

650
00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:33,480
Speaker 1: sometimes so much so that it drips down the side

651
00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:37,200
Speaker 1: of these mushrooms. They're just utterly creepy looking. Yeah, the

652
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:39,160
Speaker 1: thing they really remind me of if we have any

653
00:36:39,280 --> 00:36:42,080
Speaker 1: Mystery Science Theater three thousand fans out there. Uh, there

654
00:36:42,200 --> 00:36:46,040
Speaker 1: was a film, a nine film titled Attack of VV

655
00:36:46,239 --> 00:36:48,719
Speaker 1: Eye Creatures that had two vs in the title and

656
00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:52,200
Speaker 1: that one. Yeah, it's wonderfully bad film and it it

657
00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:55,080
Speaker 1: involves a number of these shambling eye creatures and they

658
00:36:55,239 --> 00:37:01,160
Speaker 1: look like bleeding tooth mushrooms. Okay, okay, yeah, they're real weird. Um.

659
00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:05,359
Speaker 1: They were first described by an American mycologist in nineteen twelve.

660
00:37:05,520 --> 00:37:08,640
Speaker 1: His name was Howard James Banker, and they are found

661
00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:12,920
Speaker 1: in North America, Europe, Iran, in Korea. In Britain, it's

662
00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:16,279
Speaker 1: mainly known as a woodland mushroom, so they mostly grow

663
00:37:16,440 --> 00:37:20,960
Speaker 1: near coniferous trees. Um. They're not poisonous, despite how bizarre

664
00:37:21,040 --> 00:37:23,560
Speaker 1: they look. Yeah, it looks like the last mushroom you

665
00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:28,480
Speaker 1: would yeah. Well, okay, so one of the nicknames that

666
00:37:28,560 --> 00:37:32,480
Speaker 1: it has, especially in Britain is strawberries and cream. Well,

667
00:37:33,120 --> 00:37:35,160
Speaker 1: that's the last thing that I would call it. It

668
00:37:35,320 --> 00:37:39,120
Speaker 1: doesn't at all look appetizing. Um. There's another nickname for

669
00:37:39,200 --> 00:37:42,560
Speaker 1: it is devil's tooth um. But yeah, they're not poisonous,

670
00:37:42,719 --> 00:37:46,040
Speaker 1: but they are pretty bitter. They have an accumulation of

671
00:37:46,080 --> 00:37:48,879
Speaker 1: an element called c c M one seven in them,

672
00:37:48,960 --> 00:37:52,120
Speaker 1: which doesn't make them very pleasant to eat. Their formal

673
00:37:52,280 --> 00:37:55,640
Speaker 1: name is hyddenell um. Again, here we are with the Latin.

674
00:37:55,760 --> 00:37:58,680
Speaker 1: Let me see if I can get this hydenylum pecky

675
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:01,319
Speaker 1: I believe is what it is is, but so yeah,

676
00:38:01,360 --> 00:38:03,480
Speaker 1: they go by a number of names. That's the formal name,

677
00:38:03,600 --> 00:38:07,879
Speaker 1: Devil's Tooth, Strawberries and Cream, or bleeding tooth. Now here's

678
00:38:07,880 --> 00:38:10,840
Speaker 1: the thing. Remember I said it had anticoagulant properties in it,

679
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:14,799
Speaker 1: So this blood the same blood. It actually has something

680
00:38:14,840 --> 00:38:19,200
Speaker 1: in it called atromanan which is an effective anti coagulation

681
00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:25,360
Speaker 1: that's similar to heperin. It is anti bacterial against strepto

682
00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:29,560
Speaker 1: coxus pneumonia. That this is the main bacteria that causes

683
00:38:29,560 --> 00:38:33,400
Speaker 1: pneumonia and people. Uh. And you can even use this

684
00:38:33,520 --> 00:38:37,440
Speaker 1: stuff to stimulate smooth muscles. I don't know what that means,

685
00:38:38,719 --> 00:38:42,960
Speaker 1: but it was in the literature, and it causes apoptosis

686
00:38:43,120 --> 00:38:45,879
Speaker 1: in certain leukemia cells, which we were We've talked about

687
00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:50,040
Speaker 1: apoptosis before when we've mentioned m D M A on

688
00:38:50,160 --> 00:38:52,279
Speaker 1: the show before. So M D M A also has

689
00:38:52,320 --> 00:38:56,520
Speaker 1: a poptosis properties, but this is specific to leukemia. It

690
00:38:56,640 --> 00:38:59,520
Speaker 1: might be a way to treat it. All these properties

691
00:38:59,520 --> 00:39:01,919
Speaker 1: were discover it in nineteen sixty five by a team

692
00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:06,440
Speaker 1: of researchers published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. So

693
00:39:06,560 --> 00:39:08,520
Speaker 1: we've known for a while now that it has these

694
00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:11,520
Speaker 1: anticoagulant properties. To it. The other thing that it made

695
00:39:11,520 --> 00:39:13,880
Speaker 1: me think of was when we've talked about bats before

696
00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:16,480
Speaker 1: on the show and how their saliva has anti coagulant

697
00:39:16,480 --> 00:39:18,560
Speaker 1: properties in't it. I know. I love how that sixty

698
00:39:18,600 --> 00:39:22,120
Speaker 1: five article that you reference here it includes mentioned of

699
00:39:22,520 --> 00:39:26,600
Speaker 1: heiden Ellum diabolus. Yeah, so is that I'm wondering, is

700
00:39:26,640 --> 00:39:30,800
Speaker 1: that's another species of it that is diabolic in nature,

701
00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:33,239
Speaker 1: or maybe that was an earlier term for it, or yeah,

702
00:39:33,320 --> 00:39:36,040
Speaker 1: maybe that was what its name was earlier. So from

703
00:39:36,080 --> 00:39:39,440
Speaker 1: what I remember loosely from the notes was that hyden

704
00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:43,640
Speaker 1: Ellum Pecky was named as such because there was a guy,

705
00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:47,279
Speaker 1: a well known mycologist with the last name peck Uh,

706
00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:49,080
Speaker 1: and this it was like sort of like an honor

707
00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:51,400
Speaker 1: to him by naming it after him. But I wonder

708
00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:54,400
Speaker 1: if maybe diabolus was what its name was first, or

709
00:39:54,560 --> 00:39:58,480
Speaker 1: maybe there's different difference between the devil's tooth and the

710
00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:02,920
Speaker 1: bleeding tooth, like are the same species but different genera.

711
00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:05,960
Speaker 1: I'm not sure about that that that is a good

712
00:40:06,040 --> 00:40:08,239
Speaker 1: point that it has a different name in there, but

713
00:40:08,320 --> 00:40:11,480
Speaker 1: I believe they all have that same anticoagon kind of

714
00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:16,000
Speaker 1: seeping blood property to them. So yeah, if you see

715
00:40:16,040 --> 00:40:18,000
Speaker 1: one of these. I mean, you could pop it in

716
00:40:18,080 --> 00:40:21,080
Speaker 1: your mouth. It's gonna taste pretty gross, but it's not.

717
00:40:21,760 --> 00:40:24,719
Speaker 1: But absolutely do not pop it in your mouth. Do

718
00:40:24,840 --> 00:40:26,680
Speaker 1: not pop any mushrooms in your mouth. Because you heard

719
00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:29,320
Speaker 1: us talking about the Yeah that too. Uh no, So

720
00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:31,600
Speaker 1: speaking of the devil, we're gonna get to our our

721
00:40:31,719 --> 00:40:34,120
Speaker 1: last selection here and again with me. This is not

722
00:40:34,280 --> 00:40:40,040
Speaker 1: a specific mushroom, but a type of behavior, if you will,

723
00:40:40,560 --> 00:40:44,359
Speaker 1: manifestation that you see with with mushrooms and fun guy,

724
00:40:44,760 --> 00:40:48,200
Speaker 1: and that is the fairy ring. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.

725
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,759
Speaker 1: There's lots of folklore that pops up out of the ferry. Yeah,

726
00:40:52,320 --> 00:40:55,160
Speaker 1: and it shows up a gosh. It's in Shakespeare, right,

727
00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:58,479
Speaker 1: and it's in Dungeons and Dragons. It's basically cultures around

728
00:40:58,480 --> 00:41:01,319
Speaker 1: the world most important literally area achievements of human kind.

729
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:04,719
Speaker 1: Shakespeare douches. Yeah, you's encountered in cultures around the world

730
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:08,600
Speaker 1: because essentially what we're taught, fairy rings essentially just means

731
00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:12,239
Speaker 1: strange circles on the ground or in the ground that

732
00:41:12,320 --> 00:41:16,040
Speaker 1: you find in nature. And uh, we've the causes we

733
00:41:16,120 --> 00:41:19,279
Speaker 1: attribute fairies dancing around and around on the spot, or

734
00:41:19,320 --> 00:41:22,720
Speaker 1: perhaps it's witches or devils. Hey, maybe it's a ufo.

735
00:41:22,960 --> 00:41:25,640
Speaker 1: If you're using a modern interpretation of it, it's whatever,

736
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:29,279
Speaker 1: whatever the attributed supernatural cause. However, the basic idea is

737
00:41:29,320 --> 00:41:32,440
Speaker 1: that some unseen force is causing the circle to manifest.

738
00:41:32,640 --> 00:41:34,600
Speaker 1: I want to say, have you ever seen is it

739
00:41:34,680 --> 00:41:38,000
Speaker 1: pronounced haxon? I always get the pronunciation room because the

740
00:41:38,040 --> 00:41:41,000
Speaker 1: old devil worshiping hasn't whom loud over the a. Is

741
00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:44,200
Speaker 1: it hawks in? I'm not sure what the proper pronunciation

742
00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:46,960
Speaker 1: is of it, but yeah, it's it's this old documentary

743
00:41:47,000 --> 00:41:49,960
Speaker 1: about sort of the folklore around witches. Yeah, I've never

744
00:41:50,040 --> 00:41:52,160
Speaker 1: watched it in in full, but it has some wonderful

745
00:41:52,360 --> 00:41:55,760
Speaker 1: images in it. Yeah, I want to say that fairy

746
00:41:55,840 --> 00:41:57,560
Speaker 1: rings show up in that, but I might be wrong.

747
00:41:58,000 --> 00:41:59,920
Speaker 1: But but but because of the reasons you just meant,

748
00:42:00,239 --> 00:42:03,960
Speaker 1: because of the idea that which is did like rituals,

749
00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:07,520
Speaker 1: that they danced around the ferry ring right now, Absolutely

750
00:42:07,680 --> 00:42:12,000
Speaker 1: no fairy rings are caused by fairies or aliens or

751
00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:15,279
Speaker 1: the devil or the devil. Sorry, but that's the truth. Um,

752
00:42:15,920 --> 00:42:18,560
Speaker 1: But there there are accounts of fairy rings that are

753
00:42:18,719 --> 00:42:22,360
Speaker 1: that are not trum related, not directly funk related. So

754
00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:25,160
Speaker 1: I ran across one, for instance, from Nambia, and there

755
00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:30,080
Speaker 1: apparently fairy rings here that are caused by termite constructed

756
00:42:30,120 --> 00:42:33,920
Speaker 1: water traps. Uh. But other instances of fairy rings are

757
00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:37,680
Speaker 1: definitely tied to fungal activity and and not the dancing

758
00:42:37,880 --> 00:42:43,160
Speaker 1: micons that you encounter in Disney's Fantasium. So there are

759
00:42:43,239 --> 00:42:47,120
Speaker 1: essentially two varieties of fungal fairy rings. Then the first

760
00:42:47,239 --> 00:42:49,759
Speaker 1: is more mysterious, and I don't think I've ever seen

761
00:42:49,840 --> 00:42:51,759
Speaker 1: one of these in person. But this is just a

762
00:42:51,880 --> 00:42:56,040
Speaker 1: circle of dark green grass in a lawn or meadow, okay,

763
00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,839
Speaker 1: and with surrounding grass it's somewhat lighter. The culprit here

764
00:43:00,120 --> 00:43:04,279
Speaker 1: is subsurface fungal mycelia that caused the darker color due

765
00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:08,239
Speaker 1: to increased nitrogen produced by the fungus. Interesting, and you

766
00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:11,160
Speaker 1: also find other fun guy that caused in a chronic

767
00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:15,479
Speaker 1: ring of dead vegetation due to nitrogen depletion right, which

768
00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:18,799
Speaker 1: you know again back to the parasitic aspect of Guy. Right,

769
00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:21,840
Speaker 1: And the massilia is just kind of threading through underneath

770
00:43:22,200 --> 00:43:24,719
Speaker 1: the grass. So you can imagine where you look at this,

771
00:43:24,800 --> 00:43:26,880
Speaker 1: you're like, why is this grass screen or why is

772
00:43:26,920 --> 00:43:29,600
Speaker 1: this grass dead or it must be some sort of

773
00:43:29,640 --> 00:43:33,120
Speaker 1: supernatural force. Um. And then of course there's the more

774
00:43:33,280 --> 00:43:36,200
Speaker 1: overt form, and that's where you have actual surface mushrooms,

775
00:43:36,239 --> 00:43:39,480
Speaker 1: identifiable mushrooms that are lined up more or less in

776
00:43:39,520 --> 00:43:42,440
Speaker 1: a rough surface. You know what I just realized is, uh,

777
00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:46,440
Speaker 1: in my head, fairy rings combined two of the mushrooms

778
00:43:46,440 --> 00:43:51,320
Speaker 1: you've mentioned today, the fairy rings and then the phosphorescent mushrooms.

779
00:43:51,400 --> 00:43:54,319
Speaker 1: But I guess they don't necessarily right, they don't glow.

780
00:43:54,680 --> 00:43:57,080
Speaker 1: I did not in my research. I did not run

781
00:43:57,160 --> 00:44:01,640
Speaker 1: across a species of mushroom that was both. But but

782
00:44:01,719 --> 00:44:04,520
Speaker 1: I'm not sure it's it's possible, as you'll see when

783
00:44:04,560 --> 00:44:07,399
Speaker 1: I describe you know, what exactly is going on here.

784
00:44:08,360 --> 00:44:11,800
Speaker 1: So in either case, whether we're talking about subservice mushrooms

785
00:44:11,800 --> 00:44:15,000
Speaker 1: surface mushrooms, uh, the cause of the circle has nothing

786
00:44:15,040 --> 00:44:17,120
Speaker 1: to do with fairy kingdom and everything to do with

787
00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:21,799
Speaker 1: spore dispersal. So this is this is a fabulous model here.

788
00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:23,920
Speaker 1: So you can start with a single spore, al right,

789
00:44:23,960 --> 00:44:26,280
Speaker 1: it lands in a field, and then it grows, Okay,

790
00:44:26,320 --> 00:44:29,920
Speaker 1: it eventually produces a mushroom, or at least it reaches

791
00:44:29,960 --> 00:44:33,400
Speaker 1: this as adult form, and then it spreads out more spores. Uh.

792
00:44:33,520 --> 00:44:37,200
Speaker 1: And then this causes the growing colony to spread only

793
00:44:37,320 --> 00:44:41,320
Speaker 1: outward since the inner circle uh is the territory that

794
00:44:41,440 --> 00:44:44,200
Speaker 1: it's ravaged. Okay, this is a there's no more nutrients there,

795
00:44:44,239 --> 00:44:45,920
Speaker 1: so it can only spread out. So it's kind of

796
00:44:45,960 --> 00:44:50,000
Speaker 1: like theoretically the circle is going to get larger. Yes,

797
00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:52,880
Speaker 1: the circle gets larger and larger, and the inside of

798
00:44:52,920 --> 00:44:56,239
Speaker 1: the circle is depleted of the nutrients. That it doesn't

799
00:44:56,239 --> 00:44:57,799
Speaker 1: mean that the grass is all dead. It just means

800
00:44:57,840 --> 00:45:00,120
Speaker 1: that there's nothing else. Yeah, nothing else that the to

801
00:45:00,680 --> 00:45:03,080
Speaker 1: this particular fun guy can feed off of. So the

802
00:45:03,160 --> 00:45:06,240
Speaker 1: circle continues to grow and grow and uh. And sometimes

803
00:45:06,280 --> 00:45:09,040
Speaker 1: there are additional circles so you'll actually get uh, you know,

804
00:45:09,120 --> 00:45:11,360
Speaker 1: like figure eights and whatnot. Yeah, I was thinking, like,

805
00:45:11,760 --> 00:45:13,799
Speaker 1: I wonder if there's like a ven diagram one out

806
00:45:13,840 --> 00:45:17,920
Speaker 1: there somewhere maybe. But I love this because wonders of nature.

807
00:45:18,719 --> 00:45:21,640
Speaker 1: But I love this one because it makes me think of, say,

808
00:45:21,680 --> 00:45:23,759
Speaker 1: what have you had a like a sci fi or

809
00:45:23,840 --> 00:45:27,840
Speaker 1: fantasy scenario with say, say zombies or vampires, you know,

810
00:45:27,920 --> 00:45:32,080
Speaker 1: whatever your your breed of destructive monster that reproduces rapidly

811
00:45:32,160 --> 00:45:34,840
Speaker 1: might be. You can have a similar scenario where it

812
00:45:34,920 --> 00:45:37,680
Speaker 1: starts at one point and then it begins to spread outward,

813
00:45:37,719 --> 00:45:40,640
Speaker 1: but it's spreading as a as a ring because it

814
00:45:40,719 --> 00:45:43,400
Speaker 1: has to feed and it cannot continue to survive in

815
00:45:43,440 --> 00:45:46,279
Speaker 1: the area that it has ravished. That would all right,

816
00:45:46,840 --> 00:45:49,680
Speaker 1: producers of the new movie Rings that's coming out, I

817
00:45:49,760 --> 00:45:51,800
Speaker 1: think pretty soon. Right, They didn't pay us to say this,

818
00:45:51,960 --> 00:45:55,560
Speaker 1: but that would be a good spin on that mythos.

819
00:45:56,120 --> 00:45:59,239
Speaker 1: The idea of the girl across on the television and

820
00:45:59,320 --> 00:46:05,000
Speaker 1: kills me her ring forms in like an actual geographic

821
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:09,200
Speaker 1: area as she kills everybody around, only people in that

822
00:46:09,480 --> 00:46:12,440
Speaker 1: ring like area can watch the video and it grows

823
00:46:12,640 --> 00:46:14,879
Speaker 1: further and further, or you know what show it would

824
00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:18,279
Speaker 1: It would work really well on a strain. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

825
00:46:18,960 --> 00:46:22,040
Speaker 1: It reminds me a lot two of these creatures known

826
00:46:22,080 --> 00:46:26,080
Speaker 1: as the shrunk in Um in our Scott Baker's books,

827
00:46:26,520 --> 00:46:28,320
Speaker 1: because these are these are kind of the Orcs of

828
00:46:28,920 --> 00:46:32,120
Speaker 1: his world, except there there seemed to be just they're

829
00:46:32,120 --> 00:46:36,080
Speaker 1: particularly bred, particularly created to just ravage the land and

830
00:46:36,160 --> 00:46:37,960
Speaker 1: so I get a mad and they bread rapidly, So

831
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:39,719
Speaker 1: they would be a good model for this, Like they're

832
00:46:39,760 --> 00:46:41,840
Speaker 1: in one area and then they spread outward in this

833
00:46:42,040 --> 00:46:45,040
Speaker 1: in this Ring of desolation. You know, I like to

834
00:46:45,120 --> 00:46:48,800
Speaker 1: think that I'm there's still obviously a lot for me

835
00:46:48,920 --> 00:46:51,600
Speaker 1: to read, But I like to think that I've read

836
00:46:51,640 --> 00:46:53,680
Speaker 1: a lot of horror, and I think you have to.

837
00:46:54,400 --> 00:46:57,000
Speaker 1: And I can't really think of a ton of mushroom

838
00:46:57,080 --> 00:46:59,200
Speaker 1: based horror. And yet it seems to me that there's

839
00:46:59,239 --> 00:47:04,400
Speaker 1: something fun mentally creepy. You have mushrooms and just have

840
00:47:04,600 --> 00:47:08,960
Speaker 1: their formations are just their life process in general. Off

841
00:47:09,000 --> 00:47:10,320
Speaker 1: the top of my head, I cannot think of a

842
00:47:10,400 --> 00:47:12,120
Speaker 1: good one. Maybe I'll think of one after we go

843
00:47:12,239 --> 00:47:16,000
Speaker 1: off off offline here. Maybe you out there have one.

844
00:47:16,120 --> 00:47:19,480
Speaker 1: You're you're screaming at your podcast right now and saying,

845
00:47:19,640 --> 00:47:22,839
Speaker 1: Robert Christian, what you forgot about whatever? I mean? Well,

846
00:47:22,880 --> 00:47:25,600
Speaker 1: the most obvious one is that just the fun guy

847
00:47:25,680 --> 00:47:28,600
Speaker 1: from you go with that believe that Themigo and Lovecraft

848
00:47:28,640 --> 00:47:32,879
Speaker 1: stories are technically funguses, right, Okay, But but but that's

849
00:47:32,920 --> 00:47:34,799
Speaker 1: the only example that's instantly coming to mind. So there

850
00:47:34,880 --> 00:47:36,520
Speaker 1: may be some other great ones out there. Yeah, maybe

851
00:47:36,560 --> 00:47:39,400
Speaker 1: there are alright. Well, on that note, we're gonna go

852
00:47:39,440 --> 00:47:41,680
Speaker 1: ahead and close it out here again. We can only

853
00:47:41,760 --> 00:47:44,160
Speaker 1: discuss a few different mushrooms a few different types of

854
00:47:44,480 --> 00:47:48,160
Speaker 1: of mushroom behavior, if you will. So, if you have

855
00:47:48,360 --> 00:47:52,680
Speaker 1: some other amazing mycological specimens that you would like us

856
00:47:52,880 --> 00:47:56,640
Speaker 1: to discuss, let us know. Especially if you're a mycologist,

857
00:47:56,719 --> 00:47:58,960
Speaker 1: we'd love to hear from you. I'd be really curious

858
00:47:59,400 --> 00:48:02,200
Speaker 1: what your favorites are that and like, what what's the

859
00:48:02,360 --> 00:48:05,480
Speaker 1: daily life of a mycologists? Like it just sounds it

860
00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:09,200
Speaker 1: sounds charming to kind of go around and identify mushrooms

861
00:48:09,239 --> 00:48:12,480
Speaker 1: and examine them and write about them and with lots

862
00:48:12,520 --> 00:48:15,239
Speaker 1: of and occasionally get to name them. So, Hey, check

863
00:48:15,280 --> 00:48:16,879
Speaker 1: out stuff to bow your mind dot com. That's where

864
00:48:16,880 --> 00:48:19,279
Speaker 1: we'll find all the podcasts. You'll find blog posts, you'll

865
00:48:19,320 --> 00:48:22,400
Speaker 1: find videos, uh, you'll find all sorts of content, including

866
00:48:22,440 --> 00:48:25,000
Speaker 1: links out to our very social media accounts. Yeah, we

867
00:48:25,120 --> 00:48:29,560
Speaker 1: are on Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler, and Instagram. We post lots

868
00:48:29,640 --> 00:48:33,000
Speaker 1: of things to those channels, not just the podcasts that

869
00:48:33,080 --> 00:48:36,880
Speaker 1: you're listening to, but also articles that we write, videos

870
00:48:36,960 --> 00:48:40,279
Speaker 1: that we write or star in, and lots of other

871
00:48:40,360 --> 00:48:42,840
Speaker 1: stuff that we find in our travels across the internet

872
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:46,000
Speaker 1: when we find bizarre science audities and we want you

873
00:48:46,120 --> 00:48:48,600
Speaker 1: to know about them. As I mentioned earlier. I take

874
00:48:48,680 --> 00:48:51,040
Speaker 1: pictures of weird mushrooms in the dog parks sometimes and

875
00:48:51,120 --> 00:48:53,480
Speaker 1: post them to our Facebook page, and hey, you can do.

876
00:48:53,680 --> 00:48:55,040
Speaker 1: That's a great place to share them. And you can

877
00:48:55,080 --> 00:48:59,800
Speaker 1: also send your weird mushroom photos, your mushroom horror suggest

878
00:48:59,840 --> 00:49:02,160
Speaker 1: to what have you to blow the mind and how

879
00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:13,640
Speaker 1: stuff works dot com for more on this and thousands

880
00:49:13,680 --> 00:49:16,000
Speaker 1: of other topics. Is it how stuff works dot com