WEBVTT - Not Every Tom, Dick, and Harry Were Highwaymen; But These Were 0:00:00.080 --> 0:00:04.399 Welcome to Criminalia, a production of Shondaland Audio in partnership 0:00:04.440 --> 0:00:05.359 with iHeartRadio. 0:00:10.720 --> 0:00:13.720 If you've been following our new season so far, you've 0:00:13.760 --> 0:00:18.200 heard about lady and gentlemen robbers, but not all highwaymen 0:00:18.280 --> 0:00:22.079 and women were cavalier or polished. The tale of the 0:00:22.160 --> 0:00:26.360 Dunston Brothers. Thomas, Richard and Henry. Yes, that is a 0:00:26.440 --> 0:00:29.840 real life Tom, Dick and Harry are the highwaymen we'll. 0:00:29.680 --> 0:00:31.160 Talk about in this episode. 0:00:31.320 --> 0:00:35.320 They plundered the carriages and sometimes the homes of those 0:00:35.360 --> 0:00:38.720 living near the border of Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire counties in 0:00:38.760 --> 0:00:44.000 the late seventeen hundreds. Let's tell their story and their legend. Hint, 0:00:44.479 --> 0:00:48.240 HiT's a pretty big legend. Welcome to Criminalia. I'm Maria 0:00:48.280 --> 0:00:49.600 Tremarchi and. 0:00:49.520 --> 0:00:53.120 I'm Holly Frye. The Dunstan brothers grew up in the 0:00:53.159 --> 0:00:56.080 small village of Fulbrook, which is only about a mile 0:00:56.160 --> 0:00:58.880 from the town of Burford, a popular town in the 0:00:58.880 --> 0:01:02.680 Oxfordshire cottswe and a town that plays a part in 0:01:02.720 --> 0:01:07.240 the brother's criminal career. Dick, born in seventeen forty five, 0:01:07.360 --> 0:01:09.720 was the eldest brother, and from about the age of 0:01:09.800 --> 0:01:13.080 sixteen give or take, he had already taken to crime, 0:01:13.160 --> 0:01:17.880 and he was frequently fined for assault and sometimes disorderly conduct. 0:01:18.880 --> 0:01:21.680 Tom the middle brother, was punished on and off for 0:01:21.800 --> 0:01:26.360 crimes of violence, according to court records. In seventeen seventy nine, 0:01:26.400 --> 0:01:28.800 when he would have been about the age of twenty five, 0:01:29.319 --> 0:01:34.080 he was charged with deer hunting that was considered illegal poaching. 0:01:34.280 --> 0:01:38.280 At the time. The practice was limited to the aristocracy, 0:01:38.360 --> 0:01:42.119 and under the seventeen seventy two Black Act, only authorized 0:01:42.200 --> 0:01:45.959 hunters were allowed the privilege. Poaching, it was feared, would 0:01:46.000 --> 0:01:50.360 disrupt trade and threaten the power of landowners. Tom was 0:01:50.400 --> 0:01:54.440 actually really lucky he wasn't executed for that act. And 0:01:54.480 --> 0:01:57.520 then there was Harry, the youngest brother, who doesn't appear 0:01:57.560 --> 0:02:01.040 to get into trouble until seventeen eighty one, at least 0:02:01.080 --> 0:02:04.280 nothing on record, and that is pretty much all we 0:02:04.360 --> 0:02:07.960 know about their childhood and the beginning of their rap sheet. 0:02:08.280 --> 0:02:11.960 Though historians wonder what was the motivation for their life 0:02:11.960 --> 0:02:16.120 of crime. Some have speculated it was perhaps because of 0:02:16.160 --> 0:02:20.320 an injustice against their father, Richard Senior, but that is 0:02:20.800 --> 0:02:23.080 just speculation. It's not at all proven. 0:02:23.720 --> 0:02:26.639 The brothers used a cottage in the Burford area as 0:02:26.680 --> 0:02:30.360 their home base from which to commit numerous crimes, and 0:02:30.400 --> 0:02:34.960 they especially took to highway robbery. At first, they preyed 0:02:35.000 --> 0:02:37.600 on farmers, taking their stock and money as they traveled 0:02:37.639 --> 0:02:40.080 to market, and then they hid the stolen goods in 0:02:40.080 --> 0:02:44.120 the nearby Witchwood Forest. They then expanded their lawlessness to 0:02:44.320 --> 0:02:48.720 hijacking carriages such as stage coaches to steal from passengers inside. 0:02:49.240 --> 0:02:52.160 They found that the forest was a perfect place to 0:02:52.240 --> 0:02:55.799 hide themselves and their loot. After they stopped carriages on 0:02:55.840 --> 0:02:59.280 the highway by yelling your money or your life, they 0:02:59.360 --> 0:03:03.720 robbed the pass at gunpoint. Highway robbery was not the 0:03:03.800 --> 0:03:08.840 trio's only illicit vocation. They also engaged in various other crimes, 0:03:08.919 --> 0:03:13.560 including burglary and theft, mayhem and brawling, and sometimes murder. 0:03:14.160 --> 0:03:17.240 When it came to highway robbery, the brothers worked the 0:03:17.280 --> 0:03:21.040 main road linking Gloucester and Oxford. They knew it well 0:03:21.120 --> 0:03:23.800 because they had grown up in the area, and they 0:03:23.840 --> 0:03:27.079 had specifically chosen their home base near the border of 0:03:27.120 --> 0:03:30.720 the two counties in which the towns were located. It 0:03:30.919 --> 0:03:34.800 said they once robbed the Oxford to Gloucester coach, though 0:03:35.000 --> 0:03:38.040 some report that it was actually the Oxford to Gloucester 0:03:38.600 --> 0:03:42.960 male coach, which would have potentially carried more loot. Regardless, 0:03:43.240 --> 0:03:46.440 they left that robbery with five hundred pounds worth of 0:03:46.520 --> 0:03:51.720 stolen money in goods now. Historical conversion of currency is 0:03:51.760 --> 0:03:54.240 never perfect, and we don't do it a whole lot, 0:03:54.320 --> 0:03:58.640 but it's worth estimating here because this was a big heist. 0:03:59.000 --> 0:04:02.520 In twenty twenty five five, the equivalent in purchasing power 0:04:02.880 --> 0:04:07.040 to that five hundred pounds ranged from sixty six thousand 0:04:07.040 --> 0:04:11.520 pounds to about one hundred thousand pounds. That's a pretty 0:04:11.520 --> 0:04:14.360 big estimated range, but the value of their loot is 0:04:14.480 --> 0:04:18.359 known to have been quite significant in that incident, and 0:04:18.480 --> 0:04:22.080 this was the heist that truly solidified their highwaymen prowess 0:04:22.480 --> 0:04:23.359 and their legend. 0:04:23.600 --> 0:04:25.280 We're going to take a break for a word from 0:04:25.279 --> 0:04:28.440 our sponsors, and when we're back we'll talk about Dick's 0:04:28.560 --> 0:04:31.320 arm and also the end of the Berford Highwaymen. 0:04:45.640 --> 0:04:49.800 Welcome back to Criminalia. Their crimes as highwaymen made the 0:04:49.800 --> 0:04:53.640 Brothers legendary. We'll talk about the one Tom, Dick and 0:04:53.680 --> 0:04:57.440 Harry are best remembered for committing, and it had nothing 0:04:57.520 --> 0:04:58.920 to do with highway robbery. 0:05:00.000 --> 0:05:03.520 Others were known to terrorize the locals of West Oxfordshire 0:05:03.560 --> 0:05:08.159 and they openly defied the law, and there was law 0:05:08.279 --> 0:05:12.599 when it came to highway robbery activities. Highway robbery was 0:05:12.760 --> 0:05:15.479 not a new crime in the eighteenth century, but with 0:05:15.560 --> 0:05:19.080 the development of roads and vehicles such as stagecoaches, as 0:05:19.080 --> 0:05:21.720 well as handguns that were easy to use, such as 0:05:21.720 --> 0:05:26.880 the flintlock pistol, it was becoming a common crime. Authorities 0:05:27.000 --> 0:05:30.200 were worried about these activities because they considered them a 0:05:30.240 --> 0:05:34.280 threat to the privileged and wealthy landowners. So a law 0:05:34.400 --> 0:05:38.200 called Crimes against the Person and Property, which may as 0:05:38.200 --> 0:05:42.400 well have been called crimes committed by highwaymen, was put 0:05:42.480 --> 0:05:46.400 into effect from seventeen hundred until about nineteen hundred, and 0:05:46.640 --> 0:05:51.040 it covered crimes such as murder, petty theft, poaching, smuggling, 0:05:51.480 --> 0:05:56.520 and highway robbery. As of seventeen seventy two, anyone found 0:05:56.680 --> 0:05:59.560 armed and disguised on a carriageway or other main road 0:05:59.720 --> 0:06:01.000 was to be executed. 0:06:01.839 --> 0:06:06.039 The Dunstan Brothers exploits as highwaymen made them legend, but 0:06:06.320 --> 0:06:09.479 as we know, legends can get a bit sloppy because 0:06:09.480 --> 0:06:13.200 of the exaggeration that typically comes along with it. At 0:06:13.240 --> 0:06:16.760 the very least, we know that the Dunstan Brothers did exist. 0:06:17.080 --> 0:06:20.800 They were not a combination of highwaymen told as the 0:06:20.839 --> 0:06:24.359 tale of one thief, as often happens in legendary stories 0:06:24.640 --> 0:06:28.479 that change through the centuries. Historians have been able to 0:06:28.520 --> 0:06:32.080 connect them to the descendants of quote two generations of 0:06:32.240 --> 0:06:35.680 Maltsters from the village of Fulbrook, and a few accounts 0:06:35.680 --> 0:06:39.000 claim that the brothers were quote young gentry related to 0:06:39.080 --> 0:06:43.640 Fulbrook manor young gentry who then turned to a life 0:06:43.640 --> 0:06:48.359 of crime. Historical newspapers can help with details of a 0:06:48.400 --> 0:06:51.159 crime that happened long before us too, and in this 0:06:51.279 --> 0:06:54.920 case there are pamphlets that have survived the years. An 0:06:55.040 --> 0:06:59.600 unsurprising spoiler alert, those pamphlets contain an account of the 0:06:59.680 --> 0:07:01.400 day that brothers were executed. 0:07:02.360 --> 0:07:05.080 By now, the three brothers had picked up the nickname 0:07:05.320 --> 0:07:10.600 the Burford Highwaymen, perhaps one of the most unverifiable, yet 0:07:10.600 --> 0:07:13.880 a solid part of their legend tells the story of 0:07:13.920 --> 0:07:17.080 a man named Samson Pratley who challenged one of the 0:07:17.120 --> 0:07:21.960 brothers to a fight at probably the coaching inn called 0:07:21.960 --> 0:07:25.560 the Burden Hand at CAP's Lodge. But as an aside, 0:07:26.080 --> 0:07:28.640 don't mistake that for the present day Burdenhand at white 0:07:28.680 --> 0:07:32.720 Oak Green, they aren't the same. This fight was actually 0:07:32.800 --> 0:07:35.520 more of a wager really, at least it started that way. 0:07:35.920 --> 0:07:37.120 What it became was. 0:07:37.120 --> 0:07:39.960 A contest to see who was the strongest, and for 0:07:40.040 --> 0:07:44.240 their prize, the winner would get no not ale or money, 0:07:44.800 --> 0:07:48.120 they'd get a sack of potatoes. It was Sampson who 0:07:48.200 --> 0:07:51.760 won those potatoes, fair and square, though he never did 0:07:51.800 --> 0:07:55.600 get his prize because, after all, it turned out Tom, 0:07:55.640 --> 0:07:57.480 Dick and Harry were the kind of guys who were 0:07:57.480 --> 0:07:59.880 going to take that prize regardless of who won. 0:08:00.760 --> 0:08:03.960 But it's likely the brothers are best remembered for a 0:08:04.080 --> 0:08:07.800 non highwayman crime that almost certainly led to Dick's death. 0:08:08.680 --> 0:08:12.160 Authorities had their suspicions that the brothers planned to rob 0:08:12.240 --> 0:08:16.360 Tangley Hall, a sixteenth century manor located on a moated 0:08:16.440 --> 0:08:20.720 site in Surrey, but they didn't have tangible evidence of 0:08:20.800 --> 0:08:24.960 any such plan. But the authorities were right. The brothers 0:08:25.000 --> 0:08:28.080 were planning to rob Tangley Hall, but they had made 0:08:28.080 --> 0:08:31.400 a mistake. While they were plotting this crime, they had 0:08:31.400 --> 0:08:34.800 been overheard talking about the plan while drinking at the 0:08:34.840 --> 0:08:39.160 Bird in Hand. According to British folklorist and author Catherine 0:08:39.160 --> 0:08:43.080 Briggs in the book Folklore of the Cotswolds, the Dunstans 0:08:43.120 --> 0:08:46.720 had been quote drunkenly boasting of their crime, saying that 0:08:46.960 --> 0:08:51.040 no one would take them. Someone pretty likely someone in 0:08:51.080 --> 0:08:53.679 the pub that night, tipped off the authorities. 0:08:54.200 --> 0:08:57.920 The brothers, totally unaware their premeditated robbery had been spoiled, 0:08:58.600 --> 0:09:02.160 arrived at the manor as they first had to pry 0:09:02.280 --> 0:09:06.040 open the Judas hole. A judas hole is basically a 0:09:06.080 --> 0:09:09.080 security feature. It could be a one way peep hole, 0:09:09.240 --> 0:09:13.280 or a relatively small to medium opening, or a one 0:09:13.320 --> 0:09:15.920 way window and a door. Think of it as a 0:09:15.960 --> 0:09:19.400 door viewer, used to allow the occupants inside to spy 0:09:19.480 --> 0:09:22.959 on any visitors outside without those visitors knowing they can 0:09:23.000 --> 0:09:27.520 be seen. Door holes vary quite a bit. For instance, 0:09:27.559 --> 0:09:29.760 the size and shape of the Judas hole the Dunstans 0:09:29.800 --> 0:09:33.480 wanted to break into is lost to history. If they 0:09:33.679 --> 0:09:37.160 brought along tools, for instance, there's no record. The shape 0:09:37.200 --> 0:09:39.680 of the hole can be really pretty much whatever you 0:09:39.760 --> 0:09:43.360 want it to be, with some exception. Some are super tiny, 0:09:43.600 --> 0:09:46.120 like a hotel peep hole, while others are more like 0:09:46.160 --> 0:09:49.880 a window and sometimes the larger holes have some latticework 0:09:50.000 --> 0:09:50.760 obscuring it. 0:09:51.080 --> 0:09:53.160 These holes are still used. 0:09:53.000 --> 0:09:56.640 Today, and one example you'll find them often in prisons, 0:09:56.720 --> 0:10:00.000 where guards can discreetly watch over prisoners through a secret 0:10:00.160 --> 0:10:03.360 opening in the door of a prison cell. So sort 0:10:03.400 --> 0:10:07.520 of like an eighteenth century version of today's video doorbells, 0:10:07.559 --> 0:10:08.760 I mean kind of. 0:10:09.720 --> 0:10:12.720 Tom Dick and Harry needed to get through the doorhole 0:10:12.800 --> 0:10:16.080 to break into the house, and that meant force and 0:10:16.160 --> 0:10:19.240 maybe a little widening, but that's just our own speculation, 0:10:19.640 --> 0:10:22.320 not knowing what this particular Judas hole was built to 0:10:22.320 --> 0:10:25.560 look like. For the brothers, the plan was for Dick 0:10:25.640 --> 0:10:28.560 to reach his arm through that opened hole and then 0:10:29.120 --> 0:10:31.760 unlock the bolt from the inside so that the brothers 0:10:31.800 --> 0:10:37.480 could walk right in. But two unfortunate things happened to Dick. Firstly, 0:10:38.120 --> 0:10:41.720 a local constable named mister Secker from Widford was waiting 0:10:41.760 --> 0:10:44.240 on the other side of the door with the butler. 0:10:44.800 --> 0:10:47.320 The constable was holding a rope that he planned to 0:10:47.440 --> 0:10:52.080 use to apprehend the brothers. And then secondly, Dick got 0:10:52.120 --> 0:10:55.439 his arm stuck, but not really of his own ineptitude. 0:10:55.880 --> 0:10:59.640 This second unfortunate thing was a direct result of the 0:10:59.679 --> 0:11:03.839 first unfortunate thing. He did get his arm through the hole, 0:11:03.960 --> 0:11:07.559 but before he could unlock the door, the constable slipped 0:11:07.559 --> 0:11:11.600 his rope over Dick's now inside the manor hand, and 0:11:11.640 --> 0:11:14.040 then tied him to the inner door handle. 0:11:14.679 --> 0:11:18.480 As most of us surely would, he called for help 0:11:18.520 --> 0:11:21.520 from his brothers, and even the people inside the manor 0:11:21.640 --> 0:11:25.839 heard him a voice shouting quote cut cut. They also 0:11:25.920 --> 0:11:28.520 recalled hearing the sound of a sword hitting the door, 0:11:28.679 --> 0:11:33.040 which was followed by screams. And that was Dick who 0:11:33.200 --> 0:11:36.960 yelled and screamed because instead of cutting the problematic rope 0:11:37.080 --> 0:11:40.640 that bound his wrist, Tom and Harry cut off Dick's arm, 0:11:41.320 --> 0:11:44.160 leaving without the severed arm tied to the door or 0:11:44.240 --> 0:11:46.679 continuing to try to get the money and jewels from 0:11:46.720 --> 0:11:51.120 the intended robbery. Tom and Harry were somehow able to 0:11:51.160 --> 0:11:54.240 put Dick on a horse. They rode away, and rumors 0:11:54.320 --> 0:11:58.000 claimed that they left trail of blood behind. No one 0:11:58.040 --> 0:12:01.720 saw Dick again. One person on his way to work 0:12:01.760 --> 0:12:04.760 that night described two figures varying a third in a 0:12:04.800 --> 0:12:07.720 shallow grave at a nearby quarry, but he seems to 0:12:07.760 --> 0:12:11.200 have been the only one to report it. Dick's death 0:12:11.280 --> 0:12:14.600 is generally considered to have been from complications related to 0:12:14.640 --> 0:12:19.040 his injury. So the two remaining brothers, while they just 0:12:19.240 --> 0:12:20.679 carried on with their business. 0:12:20.880 --> 0:12:22.640 We're going to take a break here for a word 0:12:22.640 --> 0:12:25.800 from our sponsors, and when we return we will talk 0:12:25.840 --> 0:12:28.880 about the events leading up to Tom and Harry's execution. 0:12:43.679 --> 0:12:47.079 Welcome back to Criminalia. Let's talk about the day Tom 0:12:47.160 --> 0:12:50.679 and Harry were arrested, and also let's talk about a 0:12:50.720 --> 0:12:51.800 little bit of speculation. 0:12:52.760 --> 0:12:55.360 By seventeen eighty four, what could have been a day 0:12:55.400 --> 0:12:58.960 of fun at the Burford Whitsuntide Festival was not just 0:12:58.960 --> 0:13:02.960 for contextual assign Whitson is the name many European churches 0:13:03.080 --> 0:13:07.880 use for Pentecost, the seventh Sunday after Easter, commemorating the 0:13:07.920 --> 0:13:11.319 descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. In Christian 0:13:11.360 --> 0:13:15.120 belief systems, whitson Tide is the week that starts with 0:13:15.200 --> 0:13:18.480 the Sunday of whitsun So this was a springtime event. 0:13:19.360 --> 0:13:23.240 The Dunstan brothers had said were particularly unruly that afternoon 0:13:23.600 --> 0:13:28.200 and likely inebriated during their attendance. Following the fair, the 0:13:28.240 --> 0:13:31.280 men went drinking at the Bird in Hand. It was 0:13:31.360 --> 0:13:34.000 close to the fairground, but it also just seems to 0:13:34.000 --> 0:13:38.440 have been their favorite watering hole. And then things got worse. 0:13:38.800 --> 0:13:43.280 When barkeep slash landlord William Harding teased that he could 0:13:43.320 --> 0:13:46.160 take Tom and Harry in a fight and jokingly played 0:13:46.160 --> 0:13:50.800 at arresting them. The brothers didn't get the joke, and 0:13:50.960 --> 0:13:55.120 in his anger about that, Harry fired his gun at William. 0:13:55.400 --> 0:13:59.200 According to most accounts reported of this event, the bullet 0:13:59.280 --> 0:14:03.240 hit a coin Harding's waistcoat pocket and ricocheted away, which 0:14:03.520 --> 0:14:07.199 saved his life. Before the Dunstan brothers could get away 0:14:07.440 --> 0:14:11.400 or order another drink, they were overpowered by fellow customers 0:14:11.440 --> 0:14:15.920 who'd witnessed the fight, and there the brothers were arrested. 0:14:16.520 --> 0:14:19.640 Though they had more on their crime resume than highway robbery, 0:14:19.920 --> 0:14:23.600 they were tried and sentenced as highwaymen, which meant death 0:14:23.680 --> 0:14:27.320 by hanging. They were executed at Gloucester in July of 0:14:27.480 --> 0:14:31.560 seventeen eighty four, and William, for his part, he became 0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:35.440 something of a local celebrity as the guy who brought 0:14:35.440 --> 0:14:37.840 the Dunstan brothers to justice. 0:14:37.920 --> 0:14:40.360 Though we know through court records that they were charged 0:14:40.400 --> 0:14:44.400 and tried as highwaymen, not for murder. The Leeds Intelligencer 0:14:44.440 --> 0:14:49.200 and Yorkshire General Advertiser reported on the execution a little differently, 0:14:49.920 --> 0:14:52.000 and this is a great example of a story that 0:14:52.160 --> 0:14:55.120 runs differently from the majority of others that we found 0:14:55.120 --> 0:14:59.200 in research, suggesting that they were successful in their murder 0:14:59.240 --> 0:15:03.320 of the innkeep and that they were tried for that crime. Quote. 0:15:03.600 --> 0:15:07.560 On Friday Sennight, Thomas and Henry Dunstan were executed at 0:15:07.560 --> 0:15:11.160 Gloucester for the murder of Henry Harding. The morning of 0:15:11.200 --> 0:15:16.600 their execution, they appeared very penitent. Henry was particularly free 0:15:16.640 --> 0:15:19.600 in acknowledging that a life so ill spent as his 0:15:19.800 --> 0:15:24.080 could not expect an exit no less miserable. He seemed 0:15:24.080 --> 0:15:26.280 a good deal affected that his body was to be 0:15:26.360 --> 0:15:30.840 hanged in chains so near his father's house. He endeavored 0:15:30.840 --> 0:15:33.880 to exculpate his brother as having been free from those 0:15:33.960 --> 0:15:37.560 villainies which had marked his own conduct, and endeavored to 0:15:37.640 --> 0:15:41.040 keep up his brother's spirit to the last. The brother 0:15:41.280 --> 0:15:43.920 was lame of one leg, and when they were tying up, 0:15:44.200 --> 0:15:47.640 he exhorted him to be of good cheer. Come, Tom, 0:15:47.800 --> 0:15:50.720 said he you have but one leg, but you have 0:15:50.920 --> 0:15:52.960 but a very little time to stand. 0:15:53.600 --> 0:15:57.080 After their execution, Tom's and Harry's bodies were taken to 0:15:57.120 --> 0:16:01.480 their home near Oxfordshire and hung in gibbets. Common at 0:16:01.480 --> 0:16:05.520 the time, gibbeting was the use of a gallows type structure, 0:16:05.640 --> 0:16:09.480 so envision a post with a prominent arm from which 0:16:09.520 --> 0:16:13.040 bodies were hanged on public display, and that was often 0:16:13.080 --> 0:16:15.520 to deter others from a life of crime. 0:16:15.880 --> 0:16:17.160 And did it work not? 0:16:17.360 --> 0:16:21.000 Especially highwaymen were practicing their art until at least the 0:16:21.000 --> 0:16:22.080 mid eighteen hundreds. 0:16:22.680 --> 0:16:26.240 In the finale to their story, there is an interesting 0:16:26.280 --> 0:16:29.840 bit of speculation, and who doesn't like a little speculation 0:16:29.960 --> 0:16:34.600 from time to time. Suppose there was another Dunsden brother 0:16:34.840 --> 0:16:39.040 named Charles. I certainly read that Richard Senior had more 0:16:39.120 --> 0:16:42.040 kids than this, so it's possible he did. 0:16:42.200 --> 0:16:45.240 Yeah, there were two that were older than Robert and 0:16:45.280 --> 0:16:46.000 they had passed away. 0:16:46.080 --> 0:16:47.320 Yeah, he had a bunch like. 0:16:47.880 --> 0:16:51.400 Yeah, this is a real rumor, but to be clear, 0:16:51.440 --> 0:16:55.200 that does not mean it is a fact. Unlike his brothers, though, 0:16:55.400 --> 0:16:58.880 Charles was law abiding and a religious person with a 0:16:58.920 --> 0:17:03.920 wife and family. The Dunstan brother's grandfather, John Dunstan, had 0:17:03.960 --> 0:17:06.960 connections to the church in Fulbrook and was a well 0:17:07.000 --> 0:17:10.760 regarded member of the community. So, according to the rumor 0:17:11.320 --> 0:17:15.640 following the trial and execution of Tom and Harry, Dick's 0:17:15.840 --> 0:17:19.760 arm was returned to the family. It said that Charles, 0:17:19.960 --> 0:17:23.760 if Charles existed, was probably the one to receive the 0:17:23.840 --> 0:17:28.199 lost limb. Other reports suggest that authorities retained the severed 0:17:28.280 --> 0:17:31.359 arm as evidence that it was pickled for two weeks 0:17:31.400 --> 0:17:35.040 in a solution of quote Saltpeter long peppers and salt. 0:17:35.680 --> 0:17:40.320 When the arm was dry, it was kept safe, allegedly somewhere. 0:17:41.200 --> 0:17:46.000 As for Tom, Dick and Harry, they actually gained notoriety 0:17:46.160 --> 0:17:50.720 after their deaths. Mostly rumor and exaggeration of real events 0:17:50.720 --> 0:17:54.000 did the trick, but it took nearly one hundred years 0:17:54.040 --> 0:17:56.960 after their deaths for them to become the famous and 0:17:57.080 --> 0:18:00.200 notorious highwaymen that we still talk about today. 0:18:00.680 --> 0:18:02.960 All right, Maria, would you like a little slug of 0:18:03.000 --> 0:18:04.840 something from my hip flask? I? 0:18:04.880 --> 0:18:05.719 Would you? Sharon? 0:18:06.080 --> 0:18:11.400 I am. I'm gonna share some history, some drink history here. 0:18:11.840 --> 0:18:17.879 So there was a book. There were many books, but 0:18:18.160 --> 0:18:22.960 in seventeen fifty there was a book written that was 0:18:23.080 --> 0:18:27.920 popular in England called English Housewiffery, and it had many 0:18:27.960 --> 0:18:32.119 recipes in it, including recipes for one of the few 0:18:32.520 --> 0:18:34.800 sort of mixed drinks you would get in the day, 0:18:34.840 --> 0:18:39.280 which was punch. Oh yeah, punch was super popular. And 0:18:40.200 --> 0:18:46.280 this particular cookbook, book of Tricks for the Home, includes 0:18:47.040 --> 0:18:51.800 a recipe for milk punch, which sounds vile, but I'm 0:18:51.840 --> 0:18:56.080 going to read it. This reads simply, the opening ingredient 0:18:56.200 --> 0:18:58.720 is going to make you your stomach lurch a little, 0:18:58.760 --> 0:19:03.880 So get ready to make milk punch. Take two quarts 0:19:04.160 --> 0:19:08.920 of old milk, the old yeah, a quart of good brandy, 0:19:09.119 --> 0:19:12.479 the juice of six lemons or oranges, whether you please, 0:19:12.840 --> 0:19:16.280 and about six ounces of loaf sugar. Mix them all 0:19:16.280 --> 0:19:19.640 together and drop them through a jelly bag. Take off 0:19:19.680 --> 0:19:21.919 the peel of two of the lemons or oranges and 0:19:21.960 --> 0:19:26.720 put it into your bag. When it is runoff, bobblet t. 0:19:26.760 --> 0:19:28.320 We'll keep as long as you please. 0:19:28.640 --> 0:19:29.440 God bet it will. 0:19:29.760 --> 0:19:31.760 That sounds horrifying. 0:19:32.160 --> 0:19:34.320 Is old milk the same thing as buttermilk? 0:19:34.560 --> 0:19:36.359 I don't know, curdled. 0:19:37.359 --> 0:19:38.720 I'm sure it's curdle and sour. 0:19:38.760 --> 0:19:39.199 I don't know. 0:19:39.960 --> 0:19:43.359 Just the idea of take two quarts of old milk. 0:19:44.400 --> 0:19:46.000 Yeah, I don't need any more detail, I guess. 0:19:46.000 --> 0:19:48.240 I don't know why I ask hard pass. 0:19:49.720 --> 0:19:52.520 There is a milk punch another way right after it. 0:19:52.520 --> 0:19:56.879 That's much simpler. This includes that that use of a 0:19:56.920 --> 0:19:58.960 word that comes up when you look at old cookbooks, 0:19:59.359 --> 0:20:01.440 which can be spelled with a J or a G. 0:20:02.280 --> 0:20:04.840 You'll see it as jills or gills, depending on how 0:20:04.880 --> 0:20:07.480 you like to pronounce it. That means like, I think 0:20:07.480 --> 0:20:08.760 it's like a four ounce measure. 0:20:09.160 --> 0:20:09.520 Mm hmm. 0:20:09.640 --> 0:20:11.359 Don't take my word for it. I didn't look it up, 0:20:11.640 --> 0:20:13.160 but I know I have looked it up in the past, 0:20:13.160 --> 0:20:15.440 and I think it's a four ounce measure. Take three 0:20:15.520 --> 0:20:17.760 jills of water, a jill of old milk, and a 0:20:17.840 --> 0:20:21.040 gill of brandy. Sweeten it to your taste. You must 0:20:21.080 --> 0:20:23.159 not put any acid into this, for it will make 0:20:23.200 --> 0:20:29.320 it curdle. This one isn't. And to be clear, I 0:20:29.359 --> 0:20:34.159 do want to say about the milk punch. They're straining it, 0:20:34.280 --> 0:20:35.879 so it's kind of like the way you would make 0:20:35.920 --> 0:20:40.480 a clarified milk punch today, where you do let milk 0:20:40.560 --> 0:20:42.399 sit in a thing and it kind of all the 0:20:42.440 --> 0:20:44.280 fats come to the top and you pull that off 0:20:44.320 --> 0:20:46.600 and you strain it and you get you do get 0:20:46.640 --> 0:20:49.000 a drink that will stay for a very long time, 0:20:49.119 --> 0:20:52.760 like indefinitely, and it has a very silky mouthfeel. It's 0:20:52.840 --> 0:20:56.400 very smooth. This one that that another way version, they're 0:20:56.440 --> 0:21:00.960 simplified version doesn't include that straining step, which is why 0:21:01.000 --> 0:21:02.880 they don't have you add any of. 0:21:02.800 --> 0:21:05.040 The lemon and orange. 0:21:05.119 --> 0:21:09.520 Yeah, then they have punch another way, and this one 0:21:09.600 --> 0:21:13.960 involves no dairy, so everybody can breathe a sigh of relief. 0:21:15.040 --> 0:21:17.840 This is really the inspiration for today's drink, which is 0:21:17.960 --> 0:21:21.840 take five pints of boiling water and one quart of brandy, 0:21:22.320 --> 0:21:24.800 add to it the juice of four lemons or oranges, 0:21:24.920 --> 0:21:27.800 and about six ounces of loaf sugar. When you have 0:21:27.880 --> 0:21:31.360 mixed it together, strain it through a half sieve or cloth, 0:21:31.480 --> 0:21:33.439 and put into your bowl the peel of a lemon 0:21:33.600 --> 0:21:37.440 or orange. So I don't want to do all that, 0:21:38.119 --> 0:21:40.000 but I do want to make a yummy cocktail that's 0:21:40.040 --> 0:21:41.919 inspired by it. So you're gonna hear a lot of 0:21:42.040 --> 0:21:46.760 ingredients that are very similar and in terms of measures, 0:21:47.359 --> 0:21:52.760 this also borrows a little similar DNA, but it's changed 0:21:52.840 --> 0:21:56.160 up a bit from like a Collin's recipe, because you know, 0:21:56.680 --> 0:21:59.840 you can have a Tom Collins or a John Collin, 0:22:00.840 --> 0:22:07.520 or maybe Collins. So this one starts with two ounces 0:22:07.560 --> 0:22:10.440 of brandy, you could also use cognac if you want 0:22:10.440 --> 0:22:14.600 to have your fancy brandy involved an ounce of orange liqueur, 0:22:14.760 --> 0:22:18.879 and this is poorer's choice. So whether you have like 0:22:18.920 --> 0:22:25.040 a curasow or triple sac either as fine a half 0:22:25.080 --> 0:22:27.240 ounce of lemon juice. And the reason we're not using 0:22:27.280 --> 0:22:30.760 much is because we are using a citrus liqueur an 0:22:30.840 --> 0:22:34.520 ounce of simple syrup, and then you're gonna shake that 0:22:34.600 --> 0:22:37.919 with ice, strain it and pour over fresh ice, and 0:22:37.960 --> 0:22:41.160 then top it with one to two ounces of club soda, 0:22:41.200 --> 0:22:44.840 depending on how much you like to dilute it out. Now, 0:22:44.880 --> 0:22:46.800 once you have your club soda, and take a peek 0:22:46.800 --> 0:22:49.560 at your glass because you want to add to your 0:22:49.560 --> 0:22:53.359 glass at this point more ice to its almost to 0:22:53.440 --> 0:22:56.479 the rim. Because the last thing we're gonna do, and 0:22:56.520 --> 0:22:59.120 this is what gives this drink its name. And I'm 0:22:59.119 --> 0:23:02.680 sorry it's a little but I couldn't resist. So you 0:23:02.800 --> 0:23:05.600 filled your drink, which is fine, but I would say 0:23:05.680 --> 0:23:07.960 kind of a dull. It's not that exciting as a drink. 0:23:07.960 --> 0:23:11.639 At this point, you are gonna fill it to the 0:23:11.720 --> 0:23:14.720 rim with ice, and then you're gonna pour over it 0:23:14.840 --> 0:23:18.200 slowly a half ounce to three quarters of an ounce 0:23:18.400 --> 0:23:21.320 of ruby port. And it looks kind of like there's 0:23:21.359 --> 0:23:24.760 blood dripping into your drink because this is called Dick's arm. 0:23:24.960 --> 0:23:27.879 Oh could not. 0:23:29.960 --> 0:23:32.879 I know it's grizzly, but it's just such a weird 0:23:33.000 --> 0:23:33.920 turn of events. 0:23:34.200 --> 0:23:37.640 I know he's a criminal, but I mean, poor poor Dick. 0:23:38.160 --> 0:23:44.399 Poor Dick. Oh man. I seriously wonder if his brothers 0:23:44.440 --> 0:23:48.159 misunderstood his directive or if they were like, there's no 0:23:48.200 --> 0:23:50.280 way this is gonna work unless we chop his arm off. Like, 0:23:50.320 --> 0:23:51.680 I don't know what happened there. 0:23:52.240 --> 0:23:53.880 I feel like it's the second. 0:23:54.240 --> 0:23:56.760 I feel like he's yelling cut and they're like, cut, 0:23:57.880 --> 0:24:00.080 just did not go for the rope. 0:24:00.400 --> 0:24:03.919 Now, I will say the mocktail for this. It's a 0:24:03.920 --> 0:24:06.880 little sweeter, but it's very delicious. Here you go. You're 0:24:06.920 --> 0:24:09.320 gonna start. You're not gonna use all this. You can 0:24:09.359 --> 0:24:12.399