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Speaker 1: Now Here's a highlight from Coast to Coast AM on

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Speaker 1: iHeartRadio and welcome back George Nori with you along with

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Speaker 1: Mike McCoy as we talk about his work Asteroids Bridge

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Speaker 1: to Nowhere. Mike, can you tell us about the Near

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Speaker 1: Earth Objects Tracking program through NASA? What are they doing

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Speaker 1: on a regular basis for us? Well, it's primarily JPL

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Speaker 1: that's tracking. So they get their information from the Minor

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Speaker 1: Planet Center and they use two different programs. One is

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Speaker 1: called Sentry and they work to track the orbit of

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Speaker 1: the near Earth objects and you know, they're watching them

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Speaker 1: all the time, and then objects that they deem hazardous

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Speaker 1: are being watched by another program called Scout. So they're

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Speaker 1: always watching. They're always looking for all the objects that

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Speaker 1: they've found. The problem is they haven't found all of them.

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Speaker 1: In fact, they haven't found most of them. Probably that's scary. Now,

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Speaker 1: what's the difference between a meteorite and an asteroid. Well,

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Speaker 1: an asteroid is is an object that's out in space.

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Speaker 1: A meteorite is actually the piece of the meteor the

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Speaker 1: asteroid as it's coming in. It's a meteor when it

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Speaker 1: hits the ground, and it's a rock that you find

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Speaker 1: on the ground. It's a meteorite. And those could be

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Speaker 1: baseball size, pebble size, just about anything, yes, or larger.

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Speaker 1: I mean I saw one this summer in the Czech Republic.

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Speaker 1: It was actually up in this kind of shrine in

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Speaker 1: this church, and it was almost two feet in diameter.

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Speaker 1: We've got an astronomer mic that comes on weekly. His

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Speaker 1: name's doctor Sky and he has told us that a

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Speaker 1: meteorite the size of a grainous sand can create that

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Speaker 1: that glow in the sky. Yes. Yeah, So it's amazing

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Speaker 1: times when you know, when we have a comet pass nearby,

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Speaker 1: like you know, at least comet or the we have

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Speaker 1: these these meteor storm meteor events. It's just a grain

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Speaker 1: of sand or a small a rock. But every night,

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Speaker 1: people don't realize that Earth is constantly under attack. Every night,

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Speaker 1: there are thousands of meteoroids larger than a grain of sand.

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Speaker 1: You know, maybe you know a small rock maybe a

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Speaker 1: foot or two in diameter that creates a fireball. You know,

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Speaker 1: in just a few weeks ago over Los Angeles there

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Speaker 1: was a fireball in January, people spotted one on the

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Speaker 1: East coast. And there are actually thousands of a day.

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Speaker 1: We just don't see them because they're coming during the day,

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Speaker 1: not just the night, and a lot of them are

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Speaker 1: over the ocean. I'm going to wake up one morning

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Speaker 1: and find out that a city's been taken out by

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Speaker 1: an asteroid that hit It's very likely. I mean when

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Speaker 1: the event in twenty thirteen over Chelibinska, Russia was a

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Speaker 1: complete surprise. Yeah, a lot of people injured from that too, Yes,

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Speaker 1: about twelve hundred people injured. It was exploded in the

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Speaker 1: atmosphere and with the force of four hundred and seventy

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Speaker 1: mega tons, so there was quite an air burst and

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Speaker 1: that's what broke all the windows and injured people. Is

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Speaker 1: there a procedure by NASA and JPL to notify us

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Speaker 1: and if so, what's the procedure? Well, I read an

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Speaker 1: article recently. It had five steps that NASA and FEMA

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Speaker 1: would work together to have this process. So the first

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Speaker 1: step is a text goes out to no more than

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Speaker 1: twelve scientists. I don't know why only twelve, and that

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Speaker 1: step one, Step two they would track the asteroid's path.

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Speaker 1: Step three they determine the size and the time of impact.

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Speaker 1: And then step four they would confirm with FEMA that

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Speaker 1: the impact is inevitable. And then step five, NASA and

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Speaker 1: FEMA issue a joint public station statement and they would

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Speaker 1: address how they would protect Earth. Do we have a

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Speaker 1: missile in place right now that could be launched at

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Speaker 1: any time to hit an asteroid? No, we don't have one.

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Speaker 1: No does the planet have one? No? We should? You

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Speaker 1: would think we would. You know, you know that the

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Speaker 1: planetary defense budget of the United States is one hundred

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Speaker 1: and fifty million dollars. Los Ange City, Los Angeles is

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Speaker 1: spending a lot more than that, just not homeless people. Jez, well,

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Speaker 1: we should spend more on homeless we should, but one

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Speaker 1: hundred and fifty million dollars a year to defend Earth.

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Speaker 1: Why don't we have Russia, China, in every nation that

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Speaker 1: has gone into space have rockets ready to go in

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Speaker 1: any moment to hit an asteroid if need be. You

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Speaker 1: would think we would. But I think you know that

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Speaker 1: through the United Nations we should do something. We should,

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Speaker 1: We should. But there we are going to have the

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Speaker 1: very first planetary defense mission. It's called DART and that

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Speaker 1: stands for Double Asteroid Redirect Test, and it is the

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Speaker 1: very very first test to actually bump into an asteroid

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Speaker 1: and try to move it. Do you ever see Los

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Speaker 1: Angeles traffic during rush hour? So during an evacuation, can

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Speaker 1: you imagine what it would be like? Nobody would get out?

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Speaker 1: That's right, Yeah, nobody would get out if there was Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if there was a disaster. You know what I question

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Speaker 1: is on this five step plan from from Nason FEMA,

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Speaker 1: step five is making a public announcement. Well, maybe they

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Speaker 1: would just skip step five and I'll tell us. And

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Speaker 1: if there's an asteroid storm, as you have in your book,

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Speaker 1: it keeps coming over days. It's not just a one

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Speaker 1: moment of event, isn't That's right, that's right. There are

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Speaker 1: asteroids are coming from one direction space and as the

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Speaker 1: Earth turns, you know you're getting hit each day. And

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Speaker 1: in the book it's it's each night there's an asteroid storm.

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Speaker 1: We talk a lot down the program Mike about preparedness,

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Speaker 1: about preparing with food and water and shelter. Can you

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Speaker 1: really tear against an asteroid strike? I think if you

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Speaker 1: know where it's going to land, Um, don't be there.

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Speaker 1: No good advice, don't be there, you know, but we

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Speaker 1: we there are a lot of concepts for planetary defense. Um,

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Speaker 1: we just haven't gotten to them yet. And you know

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Speaker 1: it's I think that it's it's either you know, it's

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Speaker 1: out of sight, out of mind, or governments are just incompetent.

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Speaker 1: In my reading, I was I was discovering that, you know,

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Speaker 1: in twenty thirteen the Russia meteor exploded, and in February

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Speaker 1: twenty thirteen, and then September twenty thirteen, wouldn't you know

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Speaker 1: that they reactivated this space telescope and re repurposed it

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Speaker 1: for looking for asteroids. And then this July when twenty

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Speaker 1: nineteen OK almost bumped into us. In September twenty nineteen,

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Speaker 1: after many years of planning and discussion, our government finally

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Speaker 1: fully funded a new space telescope called Neo CAM that

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Speaker 1: may launch as early as twenty twenty five. So that

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Speaker 1: we're reacting to two things. We're not planning ahead. We're

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Speaker 1: doing these knee jerk reactions. Deep Impact was an asteroid movie.

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Speaker 1: Yours very well could be turned into a movie your book,

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Speaker 1: But I think in that movie, we had an underground

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Speaker 1: facility made for a certain amount of people, and that

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Speaker 1: the masses found out about it, Mike, and they wanted in,

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Speaker 1: and I think the President said, no, you can't go in,

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Speaker 1: And I mean, it was. It was heartbreaking and it

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Speaker 1: was sad. But all of a sudden they decided, we're

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Speaker 1: going to open it up to everybody, let everybody in.

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Speaker 1: We're going to save the planet. And they did something

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Speaker 1: like that. Do we have underground shelters for asteroid strikes

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Speaker 1: for the elite and those types of folks? Well, I

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Speaker 1: would imagine on your show that's topics come up a

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Speaker 1: fewtre it does come up, you know, so I imagine

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Speaker 1: we do. Um. And you know in my story, UM,

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Speaker 1: there's a secret part of the you know, part of

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Speaker 1: the government knew the asteroid storm was coming. They kept

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Speaker 1: it secret, and they built underground cities for their select few,

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Speaker 1: and they kept it. They worked very hard to keep

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Speaker 1: the whole thing secret, and they worked very hard when

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Speaker 1: the asteroid storm was was happening to not let people

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Speaker 1: in and keep them out. They weren't as good hearted

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Speaker 1: as the president in the movie you talked about. I

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Speaker 1: heard that if they beamed a laser at the asteroid,

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Speaker 1: that the heat from the laser could push the asteroid

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Speaker 1: out of the way. Have you heard of that. Yes,

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Speaker 1: it's called laser ablation, um, and it actually is is

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Speaker 1: a it's been bandied about quite a bit. There's been

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Speaker 1: some studies and things like that. You would you would

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Speaker 1: have to have a spacecraft, you know, up near the

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Speaker 1: asteroid and be powered by solar panels and things like that,

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Speaker 1: and shoot a laser at it and try to vaporize

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Speaker 1: or remove part of the mass of the asteroid and

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Speaker 1: if you know, if it's strong enough and the mass

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Speaker 1: isn't too big of the object, you might be able

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Speaker 1: to inch it a little bit through space, but it

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Speaker 1: would take a long long time to actually move it.

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Speaker 1: It was my ticky years. It might be. We're going

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Speaker 1: to take calls next hour with Mike McCoy about asteroids

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Speaker 1: and the threat of asteroids. It is something that we

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Speaker 1: don't think about on a daily basis, but the threat

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Speaker 1: is always there, Mike, isn't it? It is? It is

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Speaker 1: very much. So how have we been lucky enough to

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Speaker 1: dodge this bullet? Well, we've been lucky enough in our

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Speaker 1: scheme of time. But Earth has been hit many, many times.

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Speaker 1: And you know, look at a meteor crater over in Arizona,

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Speaker 1: it's a mile across. Look at the Moon. I mean,

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Speaker 1: the moon was pocket did in its formation, so it's

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Speaker 1: it's just a matter of time. I mean, NASA says

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Speaker 1: it's a very low risk and we're watching some obvious things.

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Speaker 1: But um boy, if if twenty nineteen OK would have

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Speaker 1: hit somewhere, it would have been a you know, a

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Speaker 1: regional disaster. Aren't we helped out because of Jupiter? Doesn't

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Speaker 1: Jupiter suck some of these in? Yes? As yes it

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Speaker 1: does shoot Shoemaker Levy nine. You know it's got that

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Speaker 1: one in some of them. That was amazing to watch. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: some of the impacts there were larger than the size

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Speaker 1: of the United States. I used to know someone who

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Speaker 1: worked at the Near Earth Tracking Center, Eleanor Halene. I

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Speaker 1: don't know if she's still there or not. It's been

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Speaker 1: years since I talked to her. Did you ever come

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Speaker 1: across that name? No, No, haven't she Probably she might

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Speaker 1: have retired. I mean, we're talking about fifteen twenty years ago.

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Speaker 1: But what about technology. What kind of technology do we

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Speaker 1: have to some to try to detect these Well, you

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Speaker 1: like you talked about laser reblation, So that's a technology,

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Speaker 1: but it's not there's no planned mission yet for that

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Speaker 1: type of even even to test it. So the very

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Speaker 1: first planetary defense test that we have is this object

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Speaker 1: called the spacecraft called Dart and it will launch in

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Speaker 1: twenty twenty one and it will impact a moonlit about

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Speaker 1: five hundred feet in diameter and smash right into it

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Speaker 1: and try to move it. But they're saying that it

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Speaker 1: might as a test. As a test, watch it move

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Speaker 1: it right toward us. Yeah, just ideas of you know,

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Speaker 1: lasering things are strapping a rocket onto an asteroid? Is

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Speaker 1: you know who's steering? That's exactly right. Nobody's steering. That's

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Speaker 1: the problem. How do you steer an asteroid? That is

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Speaker 1: the problem. What size asteroid could take out a city

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Speaker 1: inventional US type size city? Well, NASA did a simulation

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Speaker 1: in twenty sixteen of a five hundred well actually that

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Speaker 1: was three hundred and thirty foot asteroid that impacted Los

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Speaker 1: Angeles and the it impacted cities, wiped out cities. And

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Speaker 1: we're in a basin, it's pretty flat, you know, for

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Speaker 1: thirty miles a five hundred three hundred to five hundred

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Speaker 1: foot asteroid three hundred thirty foot asteroid in their simulation,

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Speaker 1: and it wiped out everything for about thirty miles. Buildings, everything,

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Speaker 1: just demolished everything. And I went to as you know,

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Speaker 1: getting prepared for this. I went to Impact Earth website

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Speaker 1: from Produce University, and I input a five hundred foot

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Speaker 1: asteroid made of iron hand because I wanted a good

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Speaker 1: blast and coming in at fifteen thousand miles per hour,

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Speaker 1: and it created a crater two point three miles in

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Speaker 1: diameter fourteen hundred feet deep. And if you were six

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Speaker 1: miles away from it, um you'd feel an earthquake, about

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Speaker 1: six point three earthquake. Chimneys might fall on things. But

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Speaker 1: it's not finished with you yet because twenty nine seconds

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Speaker 1: after the impact, one air burst going one thousand miles

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Speaker 1: an hour will come through and destroy every building, a

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Speaker 1: multi story building in its direction. Or does it go

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Speaker 1: out all over the place, all in every direction? Oh gosh,

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Speaker 1: and for how many miles out? That was six miles out.

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Speaker 1: If you happen to be three miles from the impact center,

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Speaker 1: you'd be buried under twenty three you'd be gone instantly. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: And you know after that air burst, you don't want to,

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Speaker 1: you know, come outside? Is the radiation? No? But just

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Speaker 1: too much? Does four seconds after impact the injecta math Oh,

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Speaker 1: you couldn't breathe, well, it comes out of the out

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Speaker 1: of the crater. It's it's falling, and you would have

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Speaker 1: about three feet or so of ejecta, but some chunks

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Speaker 1: would be thirty five big and it would be steamy

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Speaker 1: hot too, wouldn't it steamy hot? Crushing buildings, cars and people?

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Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, horrible. And if we ever tried to rebuild,

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Speaker 1: let's say that area that got hit by a three

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Speaker 1: hundred foot asteroid, how long would it take to fill

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Speaker 1: in a two mile by fifteen hundred foot deep crater. Well,

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Speaker 1: in Los Angeles, we might just turn it into a

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Speaker 1: football stadium or a lake, a lake or something, a

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Speaker 1: new reservoir. It would take a while to fill in

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Speaker 1: that big of a hole. Geez. Now, what about odds?

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Speaker 1: What are their odds? Their computer odds say about the

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Speaker 1: probability of getting hit, But it's very low. I mean,

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Speaker 1: if you ask Naska, what's you know, it's very low

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Speaker 1: and they say something like the asteroid in Russia might

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Speaker 1: be once every you know, hundred years, and maybe once

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Speaker 1: every five hundred years. We might have something that's uh,

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Speaker 1: you know, the five hundred foot size asteroid. So they

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Speaker 1: say it's you know, very low risk, but but in

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Speaker 1: fact it could happen at anytime. Well, that's right. That

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Speaker 1: in Saint Louis in nineteen ninety three we had what

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Speaker 1: they call the five hundred year flood, which means you

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Speaker 1: get a flood that size once every five hundred years.

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Speaker 1: But what they don't say, and what is entirely possible,

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Speaker 1: is let's say you get that five hundred year flood

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Speaker 1: the next year. You could get another one for the

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Speaker 1: next five hundred years, but it could come that soon.

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Speaker 1: That's right, that's right, that's frightening. Listen to more Coast

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Speaker 1: to Coast AM every weeknight at one am Eastern, and

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Speaker 1: go to Coast to Coast am dot com for more