WEBVTT - Native American Reservations 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:07.760 Welcome to stuff you should know a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.200 --> 0:00:13.840 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 0:00:13.960 --> 0:00:17.200 Chuck and Jerry's here too, and that makes this stuff 0:00:17.239 --> 0:00:19.880 you should know that, doodle Lee do. 0:00:23.880 --> 0:00:24.400 That's great. 0:00:24.560 --> 0:00:27.280 Thanks, You're welcome. It has nothing to do with what 0:00:27.280 --> 0:00:30.720 we're talking about. I don't believe, but it was worth saying. 0:00:30.760 --> 0:00:34.960 I think, uh, do you know what does what? The 0:00:36.040 --> 0:00:39.960 season three of Reservation Dogs. 0:00:40.320 --> 0:00:43.120 Yeah, that's why I figured you were Probably you suggested 0:00:43.159 --> 0:00:43.720 this topic. 0:00:44.240 --> 0:00:47.800 It's not why actually, because I suggested this a long 0:00:47.840 --> 0:00:48.320 time ago. 0:00:49.720 --> 0:00:51.360 I've been sitting on this one. I kind of forgot. 0:00:51.400 --> 0:00:54.760 But then Reservation Dog season three, the finale season started, 0:00:55.600 --> 0:00:57.480 and I know talked about the show a lot, but 0:00:57.600 --> 0:01:03.360 big recommendation. A show shot and crewed up and written 0:01:03.400 --> 0:01:08.920 and directed and acted entirely by Native Americans. I believe 0:01:08.959 --> 0:01:12.800 it's shot inside the Muscogee Nation Reservation. 0:01:14.360 --> 0:01:17.600 And it's great. It's one of the best shows ever. Wow. 0:01:18.080 --> 0:01:21.600 That's full throated endorsement. Man, I'll have to check it out. 0:01:22.000 --> 0:01:22.560 It's awesome. 0:01:22.600 --> 0:01:26.280 It's funny and heartwarming and sweet and meaningful, and it's 0:01:26.360 --> 0:01:27.160 just really really good. 0:01:27.800 --> 0:01:30.399 I would also direct people to the movie Smoke Signals 0:01:30.440 --> 0:01:32.800 that was made not too long ago. That, oh, yeah, 0:01:33.560 --> 0:01:37.920 reservation life in a fairly lighthearted manner, but pretty accurately too. 0:01:38.720 --> 0:01:39.160 Yeah. 0:01:39.200 --> 0:01:41.920 And we also want to caveat this by saying, this 0:01:41.959 --> 0:01:46.160 is a very broad overview of Native American or American 0:01:46.160 --> 0:01:50.840 Indian reservations. There's a lot to it, and certainly could 0:01:50.880 --> 0:01:53.200 have been you know, like five or six episodes long. 0:01:53.280 --> 0:01:55.680 But as we do, we try to give a good 0:01:55.680 --> 0:01:56.440 broad overview. 0:01:56.560 --> 0:01:57.320 That's how we do. 0:01:58.000 --> 0:01:58.400 That's right. 0:01:58.480 --> 0:02:01.920 And if this episod, so does band in schools in 0:02:01.960 --> 0:02:07.040 Florida listened to it outside of school. 0:02:07.040 --> 0:02:09.480 Just go travel to Valdosta and download it and go 0:02:09.560 --> 0:02:13.800 back to Florida exactly. That was an odd thing to say. 0:02:14.000 --> 0:02:16.160 What's said is I have no idea what you're talking about, 0:02:16.160 --> 0:02:18.560 but I can totally believe what you just said is real. 0:02:20.120 --> 0:02:25.080 Well, the governor of Florida, Ron DeSantis, is on a 0:02:25.120 --> 0:02:30.800 push to keep children from being indoctrinated by true history 0:02:30.919 --> 0:02:35.320 of our country. I see, and so he has, and 0:02:35.600 --> 0:02:38.280 I believe it was in the Guba editorial debate, the 0:02:38.400 --> 0:02:42.000 last one, he was saying that his opponent said it 0:02:42.040 --> 0:02:45.440 was okay to teach that you know, some of the 0:02:45.560 --> 0:02:49.519 land in America was stolen from the native indigenous people, 0:02:50.000 --> 0:02:52.120 and he said, that's not appropriate for our schools, and 0:02:52.120 --> 0:02:53.720 it's not true. 0:02:53.840 --> 0:02:55.760 Yeah, that's not true at all. 0:02:55.840 --> 0:02:56.520 No, it's not. 0:02:56.840 --> 0:02:58.920 And I'm not sure how you get away with just 0:02:59.000 --> 0:03:01.760 saying completely entruy things on a debate stage. 0:03:01.400 --> 0:03:03.840 But yeah, that's where we are these days, for sure. 0:03:04.000 --> 0:03:09.799 So the very fact that reservations exist prove that that's true. 0:03:09.960 --> 0:03:14.480 Because the entire reservation system that we still have today 0:03:14.639 --> 0:03:18.200 that dates back to the nineteenth century and actually earlier, 0:03:19.240 --> 0:03:25.079 it was and is entirely a way of removing Native 0:03:25.080 --> 0:03:30.560 Americans from their traditional lands, putting them somewhere they probably 0:03:30.600 --> 0:03:35.240 had never been and didn't know anybody, and then taking 0:03:35.360 --> 0:03:38.560 that land away and increasingly shrink the land that they 0:03:38.600 --> 0:03:45.160 have so that European colonists and then eventually Americans settlers 0:03:45.200 --> 0:03:49.480 colonists could take that land for themselves. And the reservation 0:03:49.600 --> 0:03:53.480 system is just proof that that is this. It was 0:03:53.520 --> 0:03:59.400 this ongoing century plus long process that still has just 0:03:59.800 --> 0:04:03.960 very fresh wounds today, like it's not like, Okay, that 0:04:04.120 --> 0:04:06.760 happened in the past and things are good now. That 0:04:06.920 --> 0:04:08.760 is not the case. In a lot of a lot 0:04:08.760 --> 0:04:12.320 of places. It's that happened in the past and the 0:04:12.360 --> 0:04:15.360 effects of it are still being felt generations later. 0:04:16.320 --> 0:04:19.360 Yeah, for sure, and before we get emails from people 0:04:19.440 --> 0:04:22.159 that say, you know, much of much of that land 0:04:22.279 --> 0:04:25.320 was negotiated for and there were treaties over it and 0:04:25.440 --> 0:04:28.480 deals made. That is that is certainly true, but much 0:04:28.480 --> 0:04:31.839 of it was also outright seized. And that's that's just 0:04:31.839 --> 0:04:33.560 a fact of what happened here. 0:04:33.640 --> 0:04:35.880 You know, dude, we don't need to debate somebody who's 0:04:35.920 --> 0:04:38.360 trying to tell us that the Amerenta didn't steal land 0:04:38.400 --> 0:04:41.320 from the Native America. They don't even deserve our attention, let. 0:04:41.200 --> 0:04:44.279 Alone our breath, I agree these days. 0:04:44.320 --> 0:04:46.520 Just to start off with a stat for you, and 0:04:46.640 --> 0:04:48.839 big thanks to Olivia for helping out with this one. 0:04:50.400 --> 0:04:53.719 In the twenty twenty census, nine point seven million people 0:04:54.920 --> 0:04:59.240 in these United States, yeah, identified as either Alaska Native 0:04:59.360 --> 0:05:00.360 or American Indian. 0:05:01.000 --> 0:05:05.000 And although we'll talk a little bit about. 0:05:04.760 --> 0:05:07.039 The fact that the census isn't always accurate when it 0:05:07.040 --> 0:05:12.320 comes to Native populations. Yeah, but one point two million, 0:05:13.040 --> 0:05:17.320 thirteen percent of those people live on reservations today as 0:05:17.360 --> 0:05:18.880 of you know, a few years ago. 0:05:19.040 --> 0:05:23.480 Right, So we have yeah, a big population of Native Americans. 0:05:23.480 --> 0:05:25.800 I think there's something like five hundred and thirty four 0:05:26.080 --> 0:05:31.800 tribes recognized by the federal government as their own tribe. 0:05:32.080 --> 0:05:35.400 But yeah, the vast majority do not live on reservations. 0:05:35.680 --> 0:05:38.000 The reason that some people live on reservations because they 0:05:38.000 --> 0:05:40.200 were born there, their parents were born there, that's just 0:05:40.240 --> 0:05:43.400 where they were raised. But another reason that a lot 0:05:43.440 --> 0:05:46.080 of Native Americans live on reservations is because that is 0:05:46.480 --> 0:05:50.560 the place where they can still do whatever they can 0:05:50.800 --> 0:05:54.039 to keep their culture alive in whatever ways that they can, 0:05:54.560 --> 0:05:57.839 and they have a certain amount of self determination there 0:05:58.040 --> 0:06:03.080 because in the United States, reservations are considered sovereign nations. 0:06:03.200 --> 0:06:06.880 They're ruled by the tribe that whose reservation that is. 0:06:07.520 --> 0:06:11.040 So that's why there's casinos, and that's why you can 0:06:11.080 --> 0:06:14.040 buy cigarettes for super cheap on a reservation and all 0:06:14.080 --> 0:06:18.560 sorts of other stuff. Why the state can't prosecute somebody 0:06:18.600 --> 0:06:21.479 for a crime that happened on the reservation if they're 0:06:21.480 --> 0:06:24.320 a member of the tribe, it's because it's like little 0:06:24.360 --> 0:06:27.719 pockets of independent nations that exist in the United States. 0:06:28.120 --> 0:06:31.560 Yeah, it's a little convoluted, but generally it's there under 0:06:31.600 --> 0:06:35.680 federal law. And purview, but not under state law. So 0:06:36.040 --> 0:06:37.840 like you were saying, that's why you can have casinos 0:06:37.839 --> 0:06:39.400 in states where you otherwise could not. 0:06:39.760 --> 0:06:42.159 Yeah, and I saw that even the federal law is 0:06:42.279 --> 0:06:46.320 usually kind of just the big stuff. Sure, yeah, but 0:06:46.480 --> 0:06:49.920 states have almost no jurisdiction. And Oklahoma was really really 0:06:49.920 --> 0:06:56.039 pushing recently to I guess, gain more jurisdiction over members 0:06:56.040 --> 0:06:59.960 of tribes there, because Oklahoma is about half reservation these days. 0:07:01.440 --> 0:07:05.200 But there was a Supreme Court ruling in McGirt versus 0:07:05.200 --> 0:07:09.840 Oklahoma in twenty twenty that said, no, states, including Oklahoma, 0:07:10.400 --> 0:07:15.120 have no jurisdiction to prosecute tribal members of crimes that 0:07:15.200 --> 0:07:19.080 happened on tribal land, and they're having to dismiss tons 0:07:19.080 --> 0:07:22.720 of cases just outright because Oklahoma, I guess kind of 0:07:22.720 --> 0:07:26.000 went buck wilde and started arresting people on tribal land, 0:07:26.360 --> 0:07:30.040 knowing full well that this has been recognized for nearly 0:07:30.040 --> 0:07:33.080 a century if not longer, that the tribe whose reservation 0:07:33.160 --> 0:07:35.160 that is is essentially a sovereign nation. 0:07:35.920 --> 0:07:38.960 Yeah. So I say we kind of start with. 0:07:40.920 --> 0:07:44.080 After maybe the quickest overview of how this happened to 0:07:44.120 --> 0:07:47.440 begin with, start with the with how the system evolved 0:07:47.440 --> 0:07:50.200 to begin with. We don't need to go over everything 0:07:50.240 --> 0:07:53.000 before that because we have covered a lot of it 0:07:53.040 --> 0:07:55.560 before in our are really, if I may say so, 0:07:56.240 --> 0:07:58.920 really great two part episode on the Trail of Tears 0:07:59.600 --> 0:08:06.840 from twenty twenty seventeen I think twenty seventeen, and that 0:08:06.960 --> 0:08:10.520 was the one where Hulk himself, Mark Ruffalo tweeted out 0:08:10.520 --> 0:08:10.960 about that one. 0:08:11.000 --> 0:08:13.120 Remember that's right, Yeah, yeah for sure. 0:08:13.000 --> 0:08:16.160 And we were like, holy cow, doctor Banner listens to 0:08:16.200 --> 0:08:16.840 our show. 0:08:17.160 --> 0:08:19.240 Right, the Hulk doesn't, Doctor Banner does? 0:08:19.600 --> 0:08:21.160 Yeah, of course Hulk Smash when. 0:08:21.040 --> 0:08:23.720 He turns into the Hulk, he's like, what is this crap? 0:08:23.800 --> 0:08:25.960 When you know when it's still playing, So. 0:08:26.560 --> 0:08:27.600 Hulk Smash podcast. 0:08:27.680 --> 0:08:31.000 I would also I would also direct people to the 0:08:31.120 --> 0:08:33.560 Louisiana Purchase one too, that had a lot to do 0:08:33.640 --> 0:08:34.440 with this as well. 0:08:35.040 --> 0:08:37.440 Sure that was a good one, but I will just 0:08:37.480 --> 0:08:42.920 say in like a sentence that Native Americans were generally 0:08:42.960 --> 0:08:47.679 forced west and further west, and then as we decided, 0:08:47.920 --> 0:08:50.280 well we actually want to live west now, they were 0:08:50.320 --> 0:08:55.920 squeezed into smaller and smaller spaces because you know, we 0:08:56.040 --> 0:08:58.640 renigged on deals on like hey, this is your land. 0:08:58.840 --> 0:09:01.480 We kind of actually want that now, And. 0:09:01.480 --> 0:09:04.640 They were squeezed into smaller and smaller territories in what 0:09:04.760 --> 0:09:08.320 was known as Indian Territory, much of which ended up 0:09:08.520 --> 0:09:10.280 in Oklahoma, right. 0:09:10.880 --> 0:09:16.079 And there was from the outset basically too pronged effort 0:09:16.400 --> 0:09:20.640 to move Native Americans further and further west. And that 0:09:20.760 --> 0:09:25.400 was through violence and through treaties essentially. And like you said, 0:09:25.440 --> 0:09:28.160 those treaties would be negotiated, but they would also be broken. 0:09:28.440 --> 0:09:31.199 But some of them are still intact. There's actually reservations 0:09:31.240 --> 0:09:35.480 that are state recognized because of a treaty that the 0:09:35.520 --> 0:09:37.960 tribe had with the state that goes back sometimes to 0:09:38.080 --> 0:09:42.600 colonial days. But a lot of them were broken, for sure. 0:09:43.600 --> 0:09:47.040 But it was a patchwork of different localities and different 0:09:47.120 --> 0:09:50.400 colonies and different states that were negotiating with the tribes 0:09:50.440 --> 0:09:54.000 they needed to negotiate with to get their land. It 0:09:54.080 --> 0:09:56.760 wasn't until eighteen fifty one that the federal government said, 0:09:56.840 --> 0:09:58.960 forget this patchwork stuff. We're going to create like a 0:09:58.960 --> 0:10:04.839 federal system of recognizing and moving Native Americans on to land, 0:10:04.920 --> 0:10:09.120 settling them onto reservations. It was the Indian Appropriations Act 0:10:09.120 --> 0:10:10.200 of eighteen fifty one. 0:10:10.920 --> 0:10:14.280 Yeah, and that was basically, here's some funding. We're going 0:10:14.360 --> 0:10:17.360 to move you where we say you should go, and 0:10:17.720 --> 0:10:20.360 you should become more like us. Basically, you should live 0:10:20.400 --> 0:10:22.280 your life a little more like us. You should farm 0:10:22.360 --> 0:10:22.679 like us. 0:10:22.760 --> 0:10:25.839 Shop at the Gap, Yeah, the gap. 0:10:26.200 --> 0:10:28.800 Where podcaster Chuck worked for a couple of months. Sure, 0:10:29.240 --> 0:10:31.200 how many times did I talk about that yesterday at 0:10:31.200 --> 0:10:31.840 our book events? 0:10:32.000 --> 0:10:32.360 A lot? 0:10:32.480 --> 0:10:36.360 I came up, like four times. Yeah, be a little 0:10:36.360 --> 0:10:37.199 bit more like us. 0:10:38.880 --> 0:10:41.040 Eat the stuff that we eat, even though it's not 0:10:41.120 --> 0:10:43.000 the stuff that you usually eat. And you know what, 0:10:43.120 --> 0:10:46.800 maybe we'll even send you some food sometimes and supplies 0:10:46.880 --> 0:10:49.240 when we feel like it. And so what if some 0:10:49.320 --> 0:10:52.320 of that food shows up spoiled, and so what if 0:10:52.360 --> 0:10:56.360 it's not very good for you. And also this tribe 0:10:56.400 --> 0:11:00.480 that may have been your long long term rival, maybe 0:11:00.480 --> 0:11:03.040 that's your neighbor now. And good luck working all that out. 0:11:03.320 --> 0:11:05.640 Yeah, so that's a big deal though, that they said 0:11:05.640 --> 0:11:07.800 they would supply them with food. The reason why they 0:11:07.800 --> 0:11:10.520 said they would supply them with food is that they said, 0:11:10.559 --> 0:11:14.120 you can't you can't hunt any longer. You can't do 0:11:14.240 --> 0:11:17.200 what you used to do as a Native American tribe 0:11:17.240 --> 0:11:20.120 to support yourself, to sustain yourselves, You're going to have 0:11:20.160 --> 0:11:22.520 to rely on us, the federal government, and by the way, 0:11:22.520 --> 0:11:25.679 we're going to take shabby care of you in return 0:11:25.760 --> 0:11:27.160 for you agreeing to that. 0:11:28.040 --> 0:11:31.440 And that was over a roughly thirty year period from 0:11:32.000 --> 0:11:35.160 eighteen fifties through the late almost into the eighteen eighties, 0:11:35.920 --> 0:11:42.080 and you know, involved all the planes tribes Apache, Comanche, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Cheyenne, 0:11:42.200 --> 0:11:43.200 among many others. 0:11:43.240 --> 0:11:45.920 Did we do did we do a whole Apache or Geronimo? 0:11:46.200 --> 0:11:49.280 Was it a Durnimo episode because that's when he was fighting. 0:11:50.280 --> 0:11:52.880 I don't remember what? Does it sound familiar? 0:11:52.880 --> 0:11:55.240 But you know me, don't you remember he like personally 0:11:55.280 --> 0:11:58.200 lobbied Teddy Roosevelt, and Roosevelt just basically patted him on 0:11:58.240 --> 0:11:58.640 the head. 0:11:58.679 --> 0:12:01.360 And I think that's sound familiar. 0:12:01.440 --> 0:12:04.360 It was a Geronimo or an Apache or was it 0:12:04.360 --> 0:12:06.360 it was the Apache Wars, I think is what it was. 0:12:06.960 --> 0:12:11.720 Okay, Well, they eventually settled again in the eighteen eighties 0:12:13.040 --> 0:12:15.880 in Oklahoma. They were squeezed down to a smaller and 0:12:15.920 --> 0:12:19.560 smaller area. There were twenty seven tribes by that point 0:12:20.000 --> 0:12:23.840 in this you know, relatively small part of land. And 0:12:24.240 --> 0:12:27.080 in the ensuing decades there was a lot of changes. 0:12:27.120 --> 0:12:30.360 There were a bunch of different policy shifts. There was 0:12:30.440 --> 0:12:33.480 the DAWs Act of eighteen eighty seven. This is just 0:12:33.520 --> 0:12:36.280 a for instance. Basically, there were all kinds of changes. Yeah, 0:12:36.800 --> 0:12:38.840 but the DAWs Act was when they said, all right, 0:12:39.080 --> 0:12:42.600 let's not do reservations, let's break them all up. Let's 0:12:42.679 --> 0:12:45.880 give families plots of land, because we want you to 0:12:45.920 --> 0:12:48.640 be more like us. Like here, like we're Americans. We 0:12:48.720 --> 0:12:51.480 like to own our own little small pieces of land, 0:12:51.840 --> 0:12:54.240 and we find that that's pretty awesome. So this is 0:12:54.240 --> 0:12:57.320 how you should do it too. So here's little pieces 0:12:57.320 --> 0:13:00.320 of land for each of your families. And a lot 0:13:00.400 --> 0:13:02.080 of it wasn't great land. A lot of it couldn't 0:13:02.120 --> 0:13:04.960 be farmed or they're not from there, so they didn't 0:13:05.000 --> 0:13:09.040 know how to farm that land. They were further displaced. 0:13:09.120 --> 0:13:12.280 And then finally, in nineteen thirty four, there was the 0:13:12.320 --> 0:13:15.480 Indian Reorganization Act as part of the Indian New Deal. 0:13:16.040 --> 0:13:19.960 They reversed that policy and said, all right, here's some 0:13:20.040 --> 0:13:23.160 funds you can repurchase some of your original tribal lands. 0:13:23.520 --> 0:13:26.480 But this started the termination era of the nineteen fifties 0:13:26.520 --> 0:13:31.640 and sixties, when they said, but you should really move 0:13:31.679 --> 0:13:34.000 to cities, Like why don't you just assimilate with everyone 0:13:34.040 --> 0:13:36.680 and be a lot easier if you moved into urban areas. 0:13:36.760 --> 0:13:40.520 Yeah, and the termination policies referred to termination of tribes, 0:13:40.720 --> 0:13:44.440 like the federal government stopped recognizing tribes, broke up reservations, 0:13:44.480 --> 0:13:48.320 and it was a concerted effort to just get rid 0:13:48.360 --> 0:13:51.040 of Native American tribes in the United States and make 0:13:51.080 --> 0:13:53.920 everybody assimilate into cities, like you said, And that's one 0:13:53.960 --> 0:13:58.720 reason why the Native American movement, the American Indian Movement 0:13:58.760 --> 0:14:04.240 AIM alongside the Civil Rights era or Civil rights movement 0:14:05.240 --> 0:14:07.319 as a response to that and saying like, no, you're 0:14:07.320 --> 0:14:11.479 not going to terminate our tribe. And they were largely successful, 0:14:12.200 --> 0:14:15.880 and finally, in nineteen seventy five, thanks in large part 0:14:16.000 --> 0:14:19.640 to AIM and other activists in the Native American community, 0:14:20.920 --> 0:14:24.760 the Indian Self Determination and Education Act said, Okay, we're 0:14:24.760 --> 0:14:28.800 not doing termination anymore. We're officially going to keep recognizing tribes, 0:14:28.960 --> 0:14:33.000 We're going to support reservations, and like that is that? 0:14:33.000 --> 0:14:35.560 That's right? I think that's a robust intro. 0:14:35.800 --> 0:14:37.320 I think so too. You want to take a break, 0:14:37.360 --> 0:14:38.440 then yeah. 0:14:38.280 --> 0:14:39.960 Let's take a break that kind of brings us up 0:14:39.960 --> 0:14:42.560 to the modern system and we'll get back into that 0:14:42.640 --> 0:14:43.120 right after this. 0:14:43.360 --> 0:15:00.120 Okay. 0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:11.120 I find it interesting that every time we study this stuff, 0:15:11.920 --> 0:15:14.360 it seems like there were just periods from the beginning 0:15:14.400 --> 0:15:18.240 where every so often someone else would come into you know, 0:15:18.360 --> 0:15:20.720 a new president or a new administration, someone would come 0:15:20.720 --> 0:15:23.680 into power, and it was always like, oh Jesus, like, 0:15:23.720 --> 0:15:25.720 what do we do with a what do we do 0:15:25.760 --> 0:15:27.920 with the Indians? And out right, and they would just 0:15:28.040 --> 0:15:30.320 change policies and you know, let's not do that, let's 0:15:30.360 --> 0:15:33.400 do this. So not only had they been displaced to 0:15:33.440 --> 0:15:35.720 begin with, but then it was just a series of 0:15:35.760 --> 0:15:39.720 like shuffling around and moving and consolidation and now we 0:15:39.760 --> 0:15:41.280 want to do this with you and that with you, 0:15:41.880 --> 0:15:43.640 and the whole time we were just like, man, we 0:15:43.760 --> 0:15:44.960 we were here. 0:15:44.840 --> 0:15:48.480 First, Yeah, for sure, and all that that whiplash going on, 0:15:48.880 --> 0:15:52.880 you know, back and forth between totally termination and reservations 0:15:53.200 --> 0:15:55.400 that took place over like the course of less than 0:15:55.480 --> 0:15:58.720 a century. Yeah, I can't imagine that. That means that 0:15:58.720 --> 0:16:02.480 there are people who lived almost entirely through that, you know, 0:16:02.640 --> 0:16:05.960 that's that's just crazy. You can't treat people that way. 0:16:06.280 --> 0:16:09.360 No, And it's it's just it's amazing to think about 0:16:09.400 --> 0:16:12.840 the fact that like if someone tried to, uh, not 0:16:12.880 --> 0:16:15.240 calling out any particular politicians, but if they thought about 0:16:15.280 --> 0:16:18.080 their family all of a sudden being told, well, you 0:16:18.160 --> 0:16:19.640 have to leave, and we're going to tell you where 0:16:19.640 --> 0:16:22.040 to go, and we're gonna make it hard for you 0:16:22.120 --> 0:16:25.280 to get by in a place that you're not familiar with, 0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:28.920 maybe next to your enemy that you've always had. It 0:16:29.040 --> 0:16:31.000 just is hard for someone to imagine that happening. And 0:16:31.080 --> 0:16:32.240 that's exactly what happened. 0:16:32.240 --> 0:16:36.360 But that's precisely why the United States has tucked Native 0:16:36.400 --> 0:16:39.960 Americans away on reservations and forgotten them, because they don't 0:16:40.280 --> 0:16:43.120 we don't want to imagine that happening to We can't 0:16:43.160 --> 0:16:46.920 imagine that happening to our families. And so the brain goes, well, 0:16:46.920 --> 0:16:48.640 it didn't happen to your family, so you can stop 0:16:48.680 --> 0:16:49.720 thinking about that now. 0:16:49.960 --> 0:16:51.800 Yeah, and not and let's not even teach that in 0:16:51.840 --> 0:16:53.880 schools just because let's just not do that. Let's just 0:16:53.880 --> 0:16:54.760 say just a lie. 0:16:55.360 --> 0:16:58.960 I know, oh boy, all right, I need to bring 0:16:59.000 --> 0:17:01.480 my blood temperature down. So I'm doing a little mental 0:17:01.480 --> 0:17:02.160 stretch right now. 0:17:02.320 --> 0:17:03.240 Drink some mice water. 0:17:04.160 --> 0:17:05.040 I've got some right. 0:17:04.880 --> 0:17:08.879 Here under today's system, and we're going to go through 0:17:08.920 --> 0:17:11.680 a lot of sort of staty things right now as 0:17:11.680 --> 0:17:14.200 we tell this sort of early story, But there are 0:17:14.480 --> 0:17:16.720 three hundred and twenty five tracts of land that the 0:17:16.840 --> 0:17:21.920 US government now holds in trusts. Some are called reservations, 0:17:21.960 --> 0:17:27.000 some are called villages, some are missions, some are pueblos. Yeah, 0:17:27.040 --> 0:17:29.359 rancheria is in California, which sounds kind of nice, but 0:17:29.640 --> 0:17:31.200 sounds like a top menut. 0:17:33.280 --> 0:17:34.200 It totally does. 0:17:36.400 --> 0:17:40.560 The largest is the today is the Navajo Nation. It's 0:17:40.560 --> 0:17:45.680 about twenty seven thousand square miles. I think the smallest 0:17:45.920 --> 0:17:48.560 is one of those ranch areas. It's called the Likely 0:17:48.640 --> 0:17:52.680 Rancheria in California. It's in the upper upper tippy top 0:17:52.760 --> 0:17:56.600 northeast corner of California, and it is one point three 0:17:56.680 --> 0:18:03.840 to two acres. And there are also some state some 0:18:04.000 --> 0:18:06.760 land held by state trust. There are also reservations, but 0:18:06.920 --> 0:18:08.879 generally this is a federal government thing. 0:18:09.080 --> 0:18:11.479 That trust thing is a big that's a big point, 0:18:12.160 --> 0:18:16.040 these reservations. The land that the Native American tribes live on, 0:18:16.280 --> 0:18:19.880 that belongs to them, that's their sovereign land. That land 0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:23.600 is held in trust by the US federal government for them, 0:18:24.240 --> 0:18:27.159 and that seems pretty precarious if you think about it. 0:18:27.400 --> 0:18:29.879 But the reason that that is held in trust is 0:18:29.920 --> 0:18:32.360 because if it weren't held in trust by the US 0:18:32.480 --> 0:18:36.439 government and was just owned by the Native American tribes 0:18:36.440 --> 0:18:39.080 that lived there, then it would be subject to the 0:18:39.160 --> 0:18:41.879 laws and the taxes of the state that the reservation 0:18:42.080 --> 0:18:47.720 is in. So by removing that land from ownership and 0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:50.320 putting it with the federal government for the benefit of 0:18:50.359 --> 0:18:54.000 those sovereign tribes, it cuts that out entirely. 0:18:54.520 --> 0:18:59.200 Yeah, yeah, very very thought out, singly. 0:18:59.359 --> 0:19:02.359 Yeah, and I deally on paper, it's not supposed to 0:19:02.400 --> 0:19:08.400 be a paternalistic arrangement. It's supposed to be a fiduciarial arrangement, 0:19:09.160 --> 0:19:13.960 where like the US government has a very important responsibility 0:19:14.520 --> 0:19:18.360 to take care of that land and meet its obligations 0:19:18.359 --> 0:19:20.760 and taking care of the people on the reservation. They 0:19:20.880 --> 0:19:23.240 just don't do it typically, that's right. 0:19:24.040 --> 0:19:27.880 Not every tribe has their own reservation. Sometimes they share 0:19:27.880 --> 0:19:31.280 a reservation. Some of the larger tribes may have more 0:19:31.280 --> 0:19:33.679 than one if they're a little more spread out. 0:19:34.280 --> 0:19:35.720 This is something I. 0:19:35.359 --> 0:19:39.879 Actually didn't know until yesterday, is that non native people 0:19:39.920 --> 0:19:43.520 can live on reservations, and some of them are majority 0:19:43.560 --> 0:19:47.159 non native, And I never knew that I just I 0:19:47.200 --> 0:19:49.160 knew that you could pass through and do your thing. 0:19:49.280 --> 0:19:51.760 And a lot of them are you know, have businesses 0:19:51.800 --> 0:19:54.240 and like you said, casinos and much more as we'll 0:19:54.240 --> 0:19:56.439 see in the state of Florida. But I did not 0:19:56.600 --> 0:19:59.560 know that you could just live there. And there's in 0:19:59.600 --> 0:20:02.600 fact one in upstate New York where I believe this, 0:20:02.760 --> 0:20:06.879 the Oneida Indian Nation, and they have about five hundred 0:20:07.840 --> 0:20:12.520 American Indians living there in about sixty thousand total residents, 0:20:12.560 --> 0:20:16.240 so very few Native Americans and mostly not. 0:20:16.560 --> 0:20:19.240 Yeah, and the Ononeida tribe is one of the largest, 0:20:19.480 --> 0:20:23.240 if not the largest employer of Upstate New York thanks 0:20:23.320 --> 0:20:26.520 to their Turning Stone Resort and casino and veronas York. 0:20:27.080 --> 0:20:31.240 All right, and they're actually one of the success stories 0:20:31.400 --> 0:20:36.080 of a Native American tribe becoming self sufficient and actually 0:20:36.080 --> 0:20:37.680 wealthy in a lot of cases. 0:20:38.040 --> 0:20:38.760 Yeah. 0:20:38.800 --> 0:20:41.320 We mentioned Oklahoma a lot, and that's because about half 0:20:41.359 --> 0:20:45.480 of the land in Oklahoma, legally speaking, is reservation land. 0:20:46.480 --> 0:20:50.600 And California we mentioned those rancherias that you can get 0:20:50.880 --> 0:20:52.520 on special at Taco Bell. 0:20:54.880 --> 0:20:55.360 That's right. 0:20:56.400 --> 0:20:59.000 These are usually I mean, that's why they call them rancherias. 0:20:59.000 --> 0:21:01.080 They're usually really small, like the one we talked about, 0:21:01.480 --> 0:21:06.160 the likely rancheria. They were created because you know, California 0:21:06.240 --> 0:21:09.360 did the California thing and created these in the twentieth 0:21:09.400 --> 0:21:13.080 century when after those genocidal campaigns worked out to the 0:21:13.119 --> 0:21:14.800 ones that were left over, and they're like, listen, we 0:21:14.880 --> 0:21:16.080 got to give you some land. 0:21:16.119 --> 0:21:19.640 I guess, right. And if you're starting to notice there's 0:21:19.640 --> 0:21:23.240 a pattern that this is all kind of patternless, you're correct. 0:21:23.359 --> 0:21:27.800 Like there's not one reservation system that the federal government administers. 0:21:27.840 --> 0:21:31.720 They kind of have developed on their own, ideally to 0:21:31.840 --> 0:21:35.600 meet local needs or kind of jibe with the tribe's culture. 0:21:36.440 --> 0:21:38.760 An example of that is in Alaska. 0:21:39.200 --> 0:21:40.240 Yeah, very unique. 0:21:40.359 --> 0:21:44.040 There's two hundred and seventy nine federally recognized tribes. By 0:21:44.080 --> 0:21:47.480 my account, more than half of the federally recognized tribes 0:21:47.520 --> 0:21:50.640 in the United States all live in Alaska. But there's 0:21:50.680 --> 0:21:55.480 only one reservation that they all share. And so rather 0:21:55.520 --> 0:22:00.119 than living in a kind of a paternalistic relationship with 0:22:00.160 --> 0:22:03.960 the United States on a reservation, instead all of those 0:22:04.000 --> 0:22:09.080 Alaskan Natives get I guess dividends. 0:22:09.840 --> 0:22:12.160 Well, if you enroll, which most of them have right. 0:22:12.520 --> 0:22:17.280 From the mineral rights in Alaska and other resource rights. 0:22:17.280 --> 0:22:20.040 So when you extract something in Alaska, when you cut 0:22:20.040 --> 0:22:23.040 down a tree, when you remove a fish, I believe 0:22:24.240 --> 0:22:28.640