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Speaker 1: Latino USA is brought to you in part by just kidding. Hey,

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Speaker 1: it's Stephanie Lebau. You may know me as the voice

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Speaker 1: of Latino USA's funders or the creator of Futuro's sonic ID,

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Speaker 1: but I'm also the director of engineering and a sound

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Speaker 1: it's mixing, scoring scenes, creating soundscapes to help bring a

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Speaker 1: story to life, fixing up archival and field recordings, or

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Speaker 1: sending microphones around the world. We take pride in delivering

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Speaker 1: important stories with the highest quality sound. It's an honor

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Speaker 1: to be part of a company that's been shaping the

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Speaker 1: audio landscape for thirty years. Happy anniversary to Latino USA,

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Speaker 1: and thank you for tuning in.

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Speaker 2: This is Latino USA, the radio journal of News and

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Speaker 2: Curtura Latino USCA.

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Speaker 3: You know USA.

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Speaker 4: I'm Maria Inojosa.

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Speaker 2: We bring you stories that are underreported but that mattered to.

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Speaker 4: You, Overlooked by the rest of the media, and while

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Speaker 4: the country is struggling to deal with these.

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Speaker 2: We listen to the stories of Black and Latino Studs

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Speaker 2: United Latino Front, a cultural renaissance organizing at the forefront

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Speaker 2: of the movement. I'm Maria Inojosa.

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Speaker 4: It's February and I'm at a beach on the island

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Speaker 4: of Kodiak in the southwestern part of Alaska. The island

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Speaker 4: is only accessible by small plane or boats. It's the

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Speaker 4: afternoon and thirty degrees fahrenheit Chile, but tolerable because the

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Speaker 4: sun is out and I feel the warmth of the

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Speaker 4: sunlight on me. The sand is black and behind me

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Speaker 4: are dark green spruce trees. There's some light snow sprinkled

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Speaker 4: by the shore. Standing next to me is Pedro Gruz.

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Speaker 4: He's a fish from El Salvador. Pedro brought me here,

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Speaker 4: about an hour away from the city of Kodiak, where

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Speaker 4: he lives, because he says this is one of his

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Speaker 4: favorite places on the entire.

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Speaker 5: Island in who stands but campar.

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Speaker 4: He enjoys spending time here with his wife and sons.

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Speaker 4: They camp here during the summer when school is out,

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Speaker 4: and they fish for salmon at a nearby Riverplente.

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Speaker 3: Campo. Yes, the.

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Speaker 4: Fedro loves being in nature to feel connected to it.

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Speaker 4: He didn't grow up in a big city, but he

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Speaker 4: and his family might have to leave Kodiak because the

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Speaker 4: industry that has long sustained and rooted them here on

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Speaker 4: the island is now uncertain. Late last year, the snow

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Speaker 4: crab fishing season in the Bearing Sea, which is about

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Speaker 4: several hundred miles from here, was canceled, and the snow

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Speaker 4: crab cancelation has never happened before. Catching snow crab is

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Speaker 4: a main source of income for Pedro and others in

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Speaker 4: and outside of Kodiak. It's been reliable for decades, but

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Speaker 4: recently snow crab out in the Bearing Sea disappeared due

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Speaker 4: to warming waters, scientists say a consequence of climate.

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Speaker 5: Changemente Favrero Primo and Baked the baked eca Aki in Casa.

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Speaker 4: Federo says it's the first time in more than two

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Speaker 4: decades of his fishing career that he's here on land

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Speaker 4: in February. It's a weird, bittersweet feeling because he's able

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Speaker 4: to spend time with his family, but it makes them uneasy.

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Speaker 4: As we stand here, the waves crash onto shore and

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Speaker 4: we stare out into the endless blue water. We both

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Speaker 4: quietly ask ourselves will the snowcrab come back? And if

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Speaker 4: they don't, how will the fishermen and the communities that

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Speaker 4: rely on them survive?

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Speaker 2: From Futuromedia and PRX, It's Latino USA. I'm Maria in Josa.

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Speaker 2: Today we visit Kodiak, Alaska. We see how a fishing

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Speaker 2: community is trying to stay afloat as climate change disrupts

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Speaker 2: their industry. On this episode, Latino USA producer Renaldo Leanos

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Speaker 2: Junior has the story for you.

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Speaker 4: Alaska has often been called a ground zero of the

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Speaker 4: climate crisis. That's because the people living here are already

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Speaker 4: experiencing profound changes in their way of life.

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Speaker 6: Well, the impact of climate change is already very real

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Speaker 6: for villages on an island in northern Alaska. They're being

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Speaker 6: forced out of their homes because of rising sea levels.

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Speaker 4: Anchorage, Alaska hit a record ninety degrees on the holiday.

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Speaker 2: Glaciers in the state melting at record rates, and climate

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Speaker 2: scientists say this.

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Speaker 7: Is bad news for all of us, not just Alaska.

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Speaker 4: Alaska is the biggest seafood producer in the country, and

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Speaker 4: fishing is a pillar for communities. In twenty nineteen, more

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Speaker 4: than sixty thousand people worked in Alaska's seafood industry, and

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Speaker 4: more than thirty one thousand fishermen were employeed through commercial fishing.

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Speaker 4: Alaska's main export is seafood. This the state's seafood was

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Speaker 4: sold in more than one hundred countries around the world

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Speaker 4: in twenty nineteen, and it makes up more than half

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Speaker 4: of the state's annual export value, which averages a little

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Speaker 4: over three billion dollars annually. The state exports things like cod, salmon, crab, pollock,

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Speaker 4: items that you can probably find at your local grocery store.

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Speaker 4: And because of this thriving industry, over the years, Alaska

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Speaker 4: has drawn in workers from around the world to take

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Speaker 4: up fishing or work at fish processing plants also known

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Speaker 4: as canneries. Others have lived and worked in Alaska in

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Speaker 4: these jobs for generations, but one group that has followed

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Speaker 4: the work to the state are Latinos and Latinas. A

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Speaker 4: decade ago, about forty thousand Latinos called Alaska home. Today,

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Speaker 4: that number is close to fifty six thousand, or about

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Speaker 4: eight percent of the state's population, and about a thousand

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Speaker 4: of them live in Kodiak. It's a tight knit community

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Speaker 4: They and everyone else working in these industries are already

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Speaker 4: starting to see disruptions to their livelihoods because of climate change.

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Speaker 4: Research shows that Latinos and Latinas, and communities of color

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Speaker 4: in general, tend to be disproportionately impacted by climate change.

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Speaker 4: Fishermen in Alaska have witnessed the collapse of salmon and

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Speaker 4: cod in recent years. Those are slowly recovering, but last year,

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Speaker 4: the most recent fishery to crumble was a snow crab,

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Speaker 4: in a.

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Speaker 1: Major blow to America's seafood industry.

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Speaker 8: Alaska's Department of Fish and Game has canceled the winter

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Speaker 8: snow crab season and the Bearing Sea due to falling numbers.

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Speaker 4: It's estimated that about ten billion snow crab vanished in

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Speaker 4: the Bearing Sea, the cause, scientists say warming waters. In

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Speaker 4: twenty twenty one, the snow crab from the Bearing Sea

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Speaker 4: was an industry with an estimated worth of two hundred

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Speaker 4: million dollars. Scientists have kept an eye on the snow

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Speaker 4: crab for years. In twenty eighteen, they saw many young crab,

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Speaker 4: a sign the population was healthy. Then in twenty twenty

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Speaker 4: one those numbers began to drop. Yet no one imagined

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Speaker 4: a complete closure of the season just a year later.

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Speaker 4: This has left fishermen like Bethal wondering what might collapse

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Speaker 4: next and how will they get by. In the meantime,

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Speaker 4: I really wanted to know what exactly happened to the

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Speaker 4: snow crab near Kodiak, and what the fishermen and the

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Speaker 4: communities that depend on the money that this crab brings

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Speaker 4: in are doing to adapt. So in February, I traveled

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Speaker 4: from New York to Kodiak, Alaska to find out. When

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Speaker 4: I first arrived in the city of Kodiak, it's already dark.

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Speaker 4: It's eight PM, and I can barely see the outline

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Speaker 4: of the mountains and their jagged peaks that's around the city.

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Speaker 4: The city has a population of about five thousand people.

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Speaker 4: It's the island's main port, with two harbors where hundreds

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Speaker 4: of fishing boats tie up, both large and small. The

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Speaker 4: temperature is in the low thirties, which is pretty cold

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Speaker 4: for me since I'm from South Texas by the US

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Speaker 4: Mexico border. The wind is strong. I feel the cold

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Speaker 4: chill pulsate through my body and through my three layers

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Speaker 4: of clothing. I'm on a wooden dock in front of

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Speaker 4: The Arctic Lady, a boat that Federal who we heard

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Speaker 4: from earlier, works on. It's about one hundred and forty

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Speaker 4: feet long and weighs two hundred tons. It's massive. You're

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Speaker 4: going down ladder a triple boat the way you're going

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Speaker 4: down ladder here, I think, so we'll find out.

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Speaker 7: Just take your small tail.

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Speaker 3: Okay.

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Speaker 4: That's Chad Lowenberg. He's the Arctic Lady's captain. He's Fedro's boss.

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Speaker 4: Running the Arctic Lady is a family business. The boat

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Speaker 4: has been around for more than forty years. I'm here

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Speaker 4: today because Chad wants me to see firsthand how the

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Speaker 4: collapse of the snow crab season is directly impacting his

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Speaker 4: life and the men he employs. Chad says when he

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Speaker 4: first heard the news, it was like someone knocked the

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Speaker 4: wind out of him. It was tough to break it

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Speaker 4: to his crew, but he promised them that he would

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Speaker 4: do his best to keep them busy with work through

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Speaker 4: the wind and rain. Illuminated by the boat's strong beams

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Speaker 4: of light, I see the ladder that Chad is talking about.

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Speaker 4: It's made of steel and it looks a little rusted. Underneath,

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Speaker 4: there's nothing but ocean, nothing to catch you if you slip.

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Speaker 4: And even more terrifying to me is that I don't

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Speaker 4: know how to swim. But I just flew thirty five

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Speaker 4: hundred miles to get here, so I'm telling myself that

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Speaker 4: there's no way I'm not getting on that boat. I

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Speaker 4: hold on tight to my backpack, which has all of

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Speaker 4: my audio equipment, and get ready to go down.

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Speaker 3: Red. Oh, I look it up.

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Speaker 4: I slowly start to inch my way down step by step.

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Speaker 4: Chad shouts at me from above and says, I'll see

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Speaker 4: a rope when I reached the last step. The rope

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Speaker 4: will help stabilize me so that I don't fall when

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Speaker 4: I move from the ladder to the boat one leg

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Speaker 4: at a time, a more step, Chad can see that

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Speaker 4: I'm struggling feedro His crewmate steps in to help me

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Speaker 4: from the boat. Okay, Feather, who's forty eight, has been

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Speaker 4: working on the boat for twenty three years. He tells

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Speaker 4: me not to be afraid. He tells me to extend

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Speaker 4: my leg towards the boat. But I'm short, my legs

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Speaker 4: can't reach, and the gap between the boat and the

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Speaker 4: ladder is too wide.

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Speaker 7: Bed Ro, do you have a board you can put

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Speaker 7: across here a board.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, Featheral brings a makeshift plank and I slowly walk

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Speaker 4: across it.

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Speaker 6: Heads.

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Speaker 4: Oh, say say I made it on board. And when

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Speaker 4: I look around there's so much going on. A few

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Speaker 4: men are walking up and down the boat and will

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Speaker 4: look like orange rubber wet suits to protect themselves from

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Speaker 4: the water. A machine like a crane is moving a

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Speaker 4: massive steel bucket from the boat's deck onto the dock.

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Speaker 4: Above us, there are hundreds of tanner crab, not snow crab,

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Speaker 4: which tend to be a little smaller. Inside of the bucket.

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Speaker 4: These tanner crab are each about a foot wide, and

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Speaker 4: they have this brown and orange tint to them. I

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Speaker 4: can see their legs moving slowly. This is what Chad

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Speaker 4: wanted me to see. Bethro explains that they're doing something

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Speaker 4: called tenderine.

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Speaker 3: Parola Presta.

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Speaker 4: Pedro says, tenderine is when a boat transports a smaller

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Speaker 4: boat's catch to shore. In this case, because the Arctic

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Speaker 4: Lady is so big, it is able to fill up

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Speaker 4: with tanner crab and get it to the prossessing plans

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Speaker 4: on shore. Tonight, Pedro and the men are transferring two

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Speaker 4: hundred and fifty thousand pounds of tanner crab from large

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Speaker 4: tanks in the boat to a massive steel bucket. Then

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Speaker 4: that is moved onto the dock above us. It's a

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Speaker 4: side gig for Chad's crew, who is used to being

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Speaker 4: out at sea during this time of year, but they

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Speaker 4: took on the job for some income to help make

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Speaker 4: up for the canceled snow crab season.

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Speaker 3: Okay Okaki bucket.

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Speaker 4: Look, there's so much tanner crab on the boat that

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Speaker 4: it'll take Betherro and the men several day and night

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Speaker 4: shifts to finish unloading. Bethro arrived in Kodiak in the

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Speaker 4: early nineties, and he wasn't the only one. Two of

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Speaker 4: his uncles got here before him. They're the ones who

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Speaker 4: told Pedro about work at the local fish processing plant here,

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Speaker 4: and that seems to be common. Workers arrived by word

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Speaker 4: of mouth, some arriving in the late seventies and early eighties.

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Speaker 4: Back then, many of them were Mexican or Filipino. They

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Speaker 4: followed the work to the island. I can see now

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Speaker 4: how all of that migration transformed Kodiak, Like when Pedro

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Speaker 4: takes me to King's Diner right in town with his

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Speaker 4: friend jose Aldred Rodriguez, who's also from Esla Valdor, and

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Speaker 4: we used to work at a cannery. It's a quick breakfast.

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Speaker 4: I get some scrambled egg and black coffee, feather orders

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Speaker 4: pancakes and reindeer sausage and eggs. The diner is buzzing.

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Speaker 4: Every table was full, and I can pick up some

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Speaker 4: Spanish around me. The waitress comes by and she knows Pedro.

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Speaker 4: She speaks Spanish with him, olaf y. Just being here

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Speaker 4: at the diner for a couple of minutes, I can

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Speaker 4: instantly see how Latinos have made Kodiak their home. The

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Speaker 4: next day, I stopped by the Arctic Lady again to

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Speaker 4: see how the crew is doing. As they continue to

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Speaker 4: trans for all the tanner crab to the local cannery.

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Speaker 4: I spot feathered on the deck standing by one of

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Speaker 4: the four tanks that are holding the crab Feedro is

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Speaker 4: wearing a thick blue jacket and he has gloves on.

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Speaker 4: In some ways, Bethro reminds me of my dad. They

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Speaker 4: had the same shade of brown skin from working outside

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Speaker 4: most of their lives. And he's also a little reserved,

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Speaker 4: but once you start to get to know him more,

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Speaker 4: he opens up Bethro looks down into one of the tanks.

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Speaker 4: There's a large ladder jetting out of it. At the

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Speaker 4: bottom of the tank, two men quickly fill a bucket

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Speaker 4: with crabs. Then the men climb out. I asked Pedro

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Speaker 4: if they've finished.

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Speaker 3: As breaking.

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Speaker 9: Rita.

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Speaker 4: Pedro says he and the men are now on break

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Speaker 4: because a cannery needs time to finish processing the crab

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Speaker 4: that's already there. After that they can start receiving more.

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Speaker 4: And as Pedro talks to me, I see a large

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Speaker 4: hose next to him spewing a steady stream of water

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Speaker 4: down to the crab below in the tanks. During this

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Speaker 4: waiting period, they need to keep the crabs hydrated. If not,

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Speaker 4: they'll die, and if they die, that would mean less

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Speaker 4: money for them. At Pedro says this, I can tell

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Speaker 4: he's tired today. I hear it in his voice, and

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Speaker 4: I can see dark circles under his eyes. He hasn't

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Speaker 4: slept much away, he says, he only got two hours

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Speaker 4: of sleep. And even though they're not out catching snow

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Speaker 4: crab at sea, this physical work is still tough.

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Speaker 9: Baramos as Sonamoss Cocincras this wife.

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Speaker 3: Lisa.

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Speaker 4: They usually start at around seven a m. And end

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Speaker 4: their day at midnight. They have dinner, then they sleep

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Speaker 4: five hours and do it all over again today with

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Speaker 4: Bethro on the deck. There are just a few men working.

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Speaker 4: Two of them are Latino and the other is Filipino.

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Speaker 4: The rest of its crew is made up of workers

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Speaker 4: from the local fish processing plant. Pedro says he and

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Speaker 4: the men expect to work another long night because they

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Speaker 4: still have two more.

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Speaker 3: Tanks to go, So whya pa la caza.

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Speaker 4: He hopes the current shift can finish one of these

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Speaker 4: tanks by six p m. So that the night shift

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Speaker 4: can get started on the last one.

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Speaker 3: Lo lajenda almost single's ideas.

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Speaker 4: No, he never imagined he'd have to tender or catch

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Speaker 4: any other species of crab or fish during snow crap season.

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Speaker 4: That was always a full time, permanent job. It's something

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Speaker 4: he thinks about a lot, but he's grateful for the

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Speaker 4: work because otherwise he'd be sitting at home. Pedro has

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Speaker 4: three kids, the youngest thirteen and the oldest twenty six.

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Speaker 4: He also has a wife who works part time taking

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Speaker 4: care of children, and his mother in law lives with

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Speaker 4: them too. They need his income to make ends meet.

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Speaker 4: For his family, and on his mind is his family's future.

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Speaker 4: Because the work he's doing right now is temporary. Once

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Speaker 4: this gig is over, he doesn't know what comes next.

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Speaker 4: He's even toying with the idea of finding work outside

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Speaker 4: of the industry, outside of Alaska.

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Speaker 2: Coming up on Latino USA, we learn about the science

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Speaker 2: of what happened to the snow crab, and hear about

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Speaker 2: the lives both Pedro and Chad have created for themselves

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Speaker 2: and what it would mean if the snow crab were

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Speaker 2: never to return. Stay with uses.

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Speaker 4: Ola, I've thought.

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Speaker 6: A lifelong educator and the proud recipient of the Presidential

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Speaker 6: Medal of Freedom. Today, it's my great honor to wish

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Speaker 6: Latino USA a very happy thirtieth anniversary. Wuchisi Matgraskiez for

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Speaker 6: thirty years of informing, challenging and inspiring us. That you

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Speaker 6: see that is to all at Latino US.

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Speaker 2: Say hey, we're back. Before the break, we met Pedro

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Speaker 2: Gruz and Chad Loewenberg. They've been looking for side gigs,

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Speaker 2: temporary work to help them get by after the cancelation

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Speaker 2: of the snow crab season. Pedro and Chad have created

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Speaker 2: lives in Kodiak and this cancelation is having a direct

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Speaker 2: economic hit on both of them. But before we get

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Speaker 2: to that, we're going to learn about what scientists believe

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Speaker 2: happened to the snow crab. Right, let's get back to

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Speaker 2: the story. Here's Latino USA producer Rinaldo Leanos Junior once again.

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Speaker 4: And right now, as I'm walking on the sidewalk, there's,

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Speaker 4: you know, reminents of just a little bit of snow here.

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Speaker 4: It's early in the morning and I just left my

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Speaker 4: hotel room. I'm making my way to a NOAH facility

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Speaker 4: on the island. NOAH stands for the National Oceanic and

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Speaker 4: Atmospheric Administry. It's a federal agency focused on understanding and

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Speaker 4: predicting changes to the Earth's climate, weather, and oceans. It's

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Speaker 4: pretty cold out today. I have my thick jacket on,

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Speaker 4: a long sleeved shirt, an undershirt and long underwear. I

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Speaker 4: can still feel the cold and see my breath. I'm

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Speaker 4: heading there because I have the same questions people like Feedo,

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Speaker 4: Chad and others in the community have, like when is

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Speaker 4: the snow crab season expected to start again? The SNOWAH

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Speaker 4: facility is about a twenty minute walk, but I wanted

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Speaker 4: to see some more of Kodiak. As I'm making my

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Speaker 4: way across the bridge, I see about a dozen huge

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Speaker 4: bald eagles flying around, and I spot one sitting on

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Speaker 4: top of the lamp posts above me. As I walk by,

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Speaker 4: the view around me is breath taking. I look over

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Speaker 4: to my right and I see wind turned lines, And

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Speaker 4: as I look more directly to my left, that's where

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Speaker 4: I see this big, be beautiful mountains, you know, with

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Speaker 4: so many different peaks there, and those mountains are covered

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Speaker 4: with snow, and you know, it just really keeps forth.

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Speaker 4: After a couple of minutes of walking, I get to

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Speaker 4: the Noah building and meet Mike Litzo.

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Speaker 10: My name is Mike Litzo. I'm the lab director for

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Speaker 10: the Kodiak Lab for the Alaska Fisheries Science Center.

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Speaker 4: Mike is not originally from Alaska. He grew up in

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Speaker 4: Ohio and he was born in Australia.

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Speaker 10: Classic story where my wife got a job out in

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Speaker 10: Kodiak working for Noah Fisheries, and I followed her. So.

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Speaker 4: Mike is considered a crab expert. He's been studying snow

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Speaker 4: crab for almost twenty years and he's the director of

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Speaker 4: the Kodiak laboratory here. Okay, so we're entering another room now.

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Speaker 4: He takes me downstairs to a saltwater research lab to

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Speaker 4: show me some of the work they're doing. He shows

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Speaker 4: me some crabs swimming in large tanks. They're actually snow crab,

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Speaker 4: and it's the first time I see one alive while

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Speaker 4: here in Kodiak.

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Speaker 3: So this is the actual wet lab.

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Speaker 10: So we're seeing sort of acres of large seawater tanks

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Speaker 10: going off into the distance where where we maintain our crab.

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Speaker 10: So we're able to experimentally mimic the conditions either that

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Speaker 10: exist now or that we expect will exist in the future,

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Speaker 10: and then look at the response of these different animals.

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Speaker 4: Mix is the reason they're doing this is to see

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Speaker 4: if the snow crab have the potential to adapt to

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Speaker 4: warmer waters. Carbon dioxide released by burning fossil fuels like

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Speaker 4: coal and oil cause seawaters to get warmer. Snow crab

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Speaker 4: are not just found in the Bearing Sea, but also

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Speaker 4: in waters near Japan and Greenland, and scientists are also

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Speaker 4: keeping an eye on those regions. It's estimated that each year,

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Speaker 4: thirty seven billion metric tons of carbon dioxide is released

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Speaker 4: into the Earth's atmosphere, and the US and China are

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Speaker 4: the biggest polluters in the entire world. Global temperatures this

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Speaker 4: year hit historic highs, and the temperature of the world's

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Speaker 4: oceans also hit record highs. In Florida, for example, waters

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Speaker 4: in the Gulf of Mexico got as hot as a

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Speaker 4: hot tub.

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Speaker 10: I mean, we can try there's no sound that comes

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Speaker 10: off of a crowd, you know, we can pick one out.

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Speaker 10: I don't know, what is that worth doing?

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Speaker 7: Yeah, let's do that, and then you can't like splashing

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Speaker 7: sounds of them. Yeah.

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Speaker 4: Mike says he was part of a team that went

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Speaker 4: to Dutch Harbor, also in Alaska, in twenty twenty two

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Speaker 4: to conduct a survey of the snow crap population that's

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Speaker 4: southwest of Kodiak, and the work is a collaboration between

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Speaker 4: his office and the State of Alaska. That's when they

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Speaker 4: notice a significant drop in the snow crap population.

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Speaker 10: What we do is we charted two commercial fishing boats,

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Speaker 10: and we put six scientists onto each of those boats

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Speaker 10: and go out and do four hundred and fifty odd

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Speaker 10: toes all the way across the Eastern Barren Sea on

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Speaker 10: a grid patterns.

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Speaker 4: A toe is when they cast a net and try

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Speaker 4: to see what comes up in that net.

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Speaker 10: So we've got these stations that we've been going back

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Speaker 10: to you every year since the mid nineteen seventies, and

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Speaker 10: we go out, we toe for half an hour, bring

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Speaker 10: up the net, and then count and measure every fish,

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Speaker 10: every crab that comes up.

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Speaker 4: Mike says that back in twenty eighteen, the situation looked promising.

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Speaker 4: They were seeing young snow crab that were almost big

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Speaker 4: enough to be caught. But then things began to change.

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Speaker 4: In twenty nineteen, scientists toed in about half the number

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Speaker 4: of crabs, and they didn't do a survey in twenty

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Speaker 4: twenty because of COVID. Then in twenty twenty one and

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Speaker 4: again in twenty twenty two, their nets picked up very little.

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Speaker 4: Mike says, without a doubt, everything points to the effect

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Speaker 4: of warming waters caused by climate change.

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Speaker 10: You know, snow crab are an Arctic animal. They only

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Speaker 10: live in areas that are covered by ice in the winter.

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Speaker 10: They only are found in abundance in this very cold

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Speaker 10: bottom temperatures, and that ice in those cold bottom temperatures,

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Speaker 10: which is absent in twenty eighteen and twenty nineteen.

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Speaker 4: Particular the Arctic region is warming at four times faster

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Speaker 4: than the global average. At first, scientists thought one possibility

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Speaker 4: was that the snow crab had gone off to colder waters,

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Speaker 4: but then they didn't find any of those snow crab

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Speaker 4: in those colder regions. Mike says another possibility it may

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Speaker 4: have been that these warmer waters brought in predatory fish

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Speaker 4: that ate the crab. He also believes it could have

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Speaker 4: been that.

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Speaker 10: Warm temperatures made diseases more prevalent. It might be that

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Speaker 10: warm temperatures raised the metabolic rates to the crab to

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Speaker 10: the point where they couldn't feed themselves and starved.

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Speaker 4: But whatever the specific reason, scientists now say that they

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Speaker 4: believed that there was in fact a mass die off

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Speaker 4: of the snow crab in the Bearing Sea, and the

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Speaker 4: specificity behind that mass die off is still a little unclear,

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Speaker 4: but it's tied to warming waters. Now, scientists estimate that

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Speaker 4: the snow crab season won't come back for another three

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Speaker 4: to five years, that is, until the young snowcrab mature

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Speaker 4: in large amounts and are ready to be caught again.

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Speaker 4: The timeline for the snow crab's return has put a

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Speaker 4: strain on the lives of people who rely on them,

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Speaker 4: people like Betherol. I met up with him at his home. Okay.

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Speaker 4: Betherro's house is not too far from where the Arctic

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Speaker 4: Lady is docked. It's a two story aqua colored home

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Speaker 4: with a dark brown wooden staircase leading up to the

435
00:27:36,760 --> 00:27:39,920
Speaker 4: front door. The family has lived in this house for

436
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:50,040
Speaker 4: about sixteen years now. So cute, yes, and ye. Fedro's

437
00:27:50,080 --> 00:27:52,240
Speaker 4: wife is about half a foot shorter than he is

438
00:27:52,800 --> 00:27:56,040
Speaker 4: and such a warm person. Her smile makes me feel

439
00:27:56,200 --> 00:28:00,200
Speaker 4: right at home. And she, like Betherol, is originally from Zlata.

440
00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:03,639
Speaker 8: Yea yea Quia Kodia consa.

441
00:28:03,359 --> 00:28:09,000
Speaker 4: Sen Jesenja also fled during Es sal Valdor's civil war

442
00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:12,920
Speaker 4: in the nineteen eighties. Pedro says he vividly remembers that time.

443
00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:19,800
Speaker 5: I said, yo ya mirado amigostos delo combatis.

444
00:28:20,160 --> 00:28:22,760
Speaker 4: Several of his friends went to fight, and many of

445
00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:23,760
Speaker 4: them did not return.

446
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:38,360
Speaker 5: Alivedomos ala militarento a rapido those press and mannamento.

447
00:28:39,240 --> 00:28:41,280
Speaker 3: Alaa and says.

448
00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:45,680
Speaker 4: The Pedro's dad said he did not want him to

449
00:28:45,760 --> 00:28:49,040
Speaker 4: serve in the military because men were being sent out

450
00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,760
Speaker 4: to fight without proper training. So Pedro decided to leave

451
00:28:52,920 --> 00:28:56,160
Speaker 4: Es Salvador and moved to California to join two of

452
00:28:56,200 --> 00:29:00,320
Speaker 4: his uncles there. Then those uncles moved to Kodiak after

453
00:29:00,440 --> 00:29:04,120
Speaker 4: hearing about work in a fish processing plants. Betro followed

454
00:29:04,160 --> 00:29:07,720
Speaker 4: two when Sena left El Sad. She also spent some

455
00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:11,520
Speaker 4: time in California, and then she heard about work in Kodiak,

456
00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 4: where she got a job at a canary She fled

457
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:23,960
Speaker 4: fish Yeahara palo verda y. Senja arrived in Kodiak in

458
00:29:24,080 --> 00:29:27,200
Speaker 4: nineteen ninety two, but after a few years of working

459
00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:30,560
Speaker 4: at the Canary, the plant closed down. She said it

460
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:32,320
Speaker 4: was good money while it lasted.

461
00:29:32,440 --> 00:29:44,640
Speaker 8: Young California Nava elmes Ii Para the sa Mana Grand.

462
00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:47,680
Speaker 3: Chick was me.

463
00:29:52,560 --> 00:30:00,080
Speaker 8: Pescalome Gustava Yo and the de la la man A.

464
00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:02,400
Speaker 3: Solo.

465
00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:08,160
Speaker 4: In California she would make about two hundred dollars a month,

466
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:11,080
Speaker 4: but in Kodiak she would get a paycheck for six

467
00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:14,280
Speaker 4: hundred dollars every two weeks, triple the amount.

468
00:30:14,920 --> 00:30:15,080
Speaker 3: Yes.

469
00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:17,720
Speaker 4: Senya says she liked putting in long hours, as many

470
00:30:17,760 --> 00:30:21,440
Speaker 4: as eighteen per day. When Pedro first got to Kodiak,

471
00:30:21,680 --> 00:30:25,000
Speaker 4: he also worked at a fish processing plant and as

472
00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:29,800
Speaker 4: they would have it. Pedro Senja eventually crossed paths bv

473
00:30:30,040 --> 00:30:31,880
Speaker 4: Mo and Frentel de p.

474
00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:39,080
Speaker 8: He and Frentia Villa and Parque the Huar football soccer. Yes,

475
00:30:39,200 --> 00:30:49,240
Speaker 8: the yelokoinop was Megul meg Megusta.

476
00:30:54,080 --> 00:30:58,040
Speaker 4: Then, hey, they didn't know they lived across the street

477
00:30:58,040 --> 00:31:01,480
Speaker 4: from each other. Yes, Pedro at a nearby park playing

478
00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:04,360
Speaker 4: soccer one day, She says, she liked what she saw.

479
00:31:04,840 --> 00:31:07,920
Speaker 4: She want him over, she says, and then the rest

480
00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:13,080
Speaker 4: is history. As I'm listening to their story as to

481
00:31:13,200 --> 00:31:15,760
Speaker 4: how they arrived in Kodiak, I can't help but to

482
00:31:15,840 --> 00:31:19,560
Speaker 4: think how Pedro and Yesenya were both essentially displaced by

483
00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:23,320
Speaker 4: the civil war in Salvador, and how now climate change

484
00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:25,960
Speaker 4: might also force them and their sons to leave their

485
00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:29,800
Speaker 4: home in Kodiak too. The family has made a life

486
00:31:29,880 --> 00:31:41,360
Speaker 4: here and created memories. Pedro especially recalls when someone asked

487
00:31:41,400 --> 00:31:43,480
Speaker 4: him if he wanted a job fishing on a boat,

488
00:31:44,160 --> 00:31:47,000
Speaker 4: that boat would be the Arctic Lady, the one Chad

489
00:31:47,120 --> 00:31:50,160
Speaker 4: now owns. He's worked on the Arctic Lady most of

490
00:31:50,240 --> 00:31:52,720
Speaker 4: his life since his early twenties.

491
00:31:55,040 --> 00:31:55,840
Speaker 3: And Albarco g.

492
00:31:57,360 --> 00:32:06,920
Speaker 5: Medic Are you not challenge, Sayhira Scarmegoo sing and glass

493
00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:18,480
Speaker 5: Ellen Glazara and glass Bueno is the Miavente.

494
00:32:19,720 --> 00:32:22,760
Speaker 4: Pedro was nervous about saying yes to the job because

495
00:32:22,800 --> 00:32:26,600
Speaker 4: his English wasn't that good, but he took the risk than.

496
00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:37,120
Speaker 5: Yallos prendido bajo prendido mahing glasante.

497
00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:40,840
Speaker 4: Now he's been fishing on the Arctic Lady for about

498
00:32:40,920 --> 00:32:44,560
Speaker 4: twenty three years. He says he loves it, but being

499
00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:48,080
Speaker 4: out at sea isn't always easy because the weather can

500
00:32:48,160 --> 00:32:52,280
Speaker 4: be unpredictable. The sunsets can be beautiful.

501
00:32:51,920 --> 00:32:58,560
Speaker 5: Though, ideas Togara to telefono its almost photos in not

502
00:32:58,680 --> 00:33:04,640
Speaker 5: start as danger mos okay gundel se wo, Yeah, there's

503
00:33:04,680 --> 00:33:06,040
Speaker 5: a parado.

504
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:07,320
Speaker 3: Rojo.

505
00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:18,280
Speaker 5: I was just la Maresta being Tranquila, being Tranquila motoessa.

506
00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:23,200
Speaker 4: Pedro says there are days when he's on the boat

507
00:33:23,440 --> 00:33:27,880
Speaker 4: hundreds of miles from shore and the sea is unbelievably still,

508
00:33:28,360 --> 00:33:31,760
Speaker 4: and it feels like he's at home on land. But

509
00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:35,400
Speaker 4: that stillness can change in an instant, though, and the

510
00:33:35,560 --> 00:33:38,200
Speaker 4: cold is unlike anything he's ever felt before.

511
00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:45,479
Speaker 5: Guando id s k frisa los yellow in pierrel barco

512
00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:52,680
Speaker 5: semi you know, okay jel song.

513
00:33:52,800 --> 00:33:56,320
Speaker 4: When the temperatures drop, ice forms over the entire boat.

514
00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:59,560
Speaker 4: Bether on the crew spend up to three hours breaking

515
00:33:59,640 --> 00:34:03,480
Speaker 4: that I he says, the cold hurts so much he

516
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:07,520
Speaker 4: feels it in his heart. As we're talking, detro sons

517
00:34:07,720 --> 00:34:11,160
Speaker 4: listen closely. They've probably heard a lot of these stories

518
00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:13,960
Speaker 4: growing up. They know how tough it is out at sea.

519
00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:17,439
Speaker 4: So I was surprised when the middle son, Mois Says,

520
00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:21,759
Speaker 4: who's twenty one, chimes in about wanting to fish too, says,

521
00:34:21,840 --> 00:34:24,440
Speaker 4: actually just came back from a fishing trip on a boat,

522
00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:26,759
Speaker 4: but he and the crew didn't catch much.

523
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:32,279
Speaker 11: As an upcoming new generation fisherman, it's pretty hard, you know,

524
00:34:32,520 --> 00:34:35,760
Speaker 11: trying to get into this industry. You know, it's pretty

525
00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:38,759
Speaker 11: rough out here, especially when you have no experience.

526
00:34:39,360 --> 00:34:42,240
Speaker 4: I mean, your dad has sent me like videos before,

527
00:34:42,360 --> 00:34:44,560
Speaker 4: you know, of him, like being out at sea, and

528
00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:47,600
Speaker 4: I've seen like the huge waves like crashing onto the

529
00:34:47,680 --> 00:34:50,879
Speaker 4: boat and even just spending the last few days with him,

530
00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:54,399
Speaker 4: it looks like long hours, you know. So what made

531
00:34:54,440 --> 00:34:57,680
Speaker 4: you want to go into you know, into fishing. My

532
00:34:57,800 --> 00:35:00,360
Speaker 4: dad's big role model, I mean, the man he is,

533
00:35:01,239 --> 00:35:02,640
Speaker 4: that's how I want to be one.

534
00:35:02,760 --> 00:35:03,760
Speaker 11: I'm his age.

535
00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:06,520
Speaker 4: I asked Pethero what he thinks about what his son

536
00:35:06,680 --> 00:35:19,239
Speaker 4: has just said, you know this, Pedro says he is

537
00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:23,360
Speaker 4: grateful and proud, but he's insistent that he wishes his

538
00:35:23,480 --> 00:35:26,600
Speaker 4: son would not go down the same path. But Moises

539
00:35:27,200 --> 00:35:27,880
Speaker 4: is adamanant.

540
00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:31,279
Speaker 11: My dad has talked to me about, you know, really

541
00:35:31,360 --> 00:35:35,000
Speaker 11: thinking about this, and uh, you know, I simply was

542
00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:38,360
Speaker 11: just like born and raised, you know, being with my

543
00:35:38,480 --> 00:35:40,880
Speaker 11: dad every time my dad was here. You know, I

544
00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:43,839
Speaker 11: always wanted to go with my dad to the boat

545
00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:48,200
Speaker 11: all the time, just him and his boys at the crew.

546
00:35:49,239 --> 00:35:52,480
Speaker 4: I feel like this has been an ongoing contentious issue

547
00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:55,279
Speaker 4: for Bethero and his son. Yet I also get a

548
00:35:55,360 --> 00:35:59,719
Speaker 4: sense that Moises realizes how the industry will probably never

549
00:35:59,800 --> 00:36:02,959
Speaker 4: be the same due to climate change. He even says

550
00:36:03,080 --> 00:36:06,160
Speaker 4: he remembers being a little kid and seeing several feet

551
00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:09,120
Speaker 4: of snow when he opened the door, but now there

552
00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:13,440
Speaker 4: isn't as much. Jobs are also uncertain, and that might

553
00:36:13,560 --> 00:36:15,880
Speaker 4: keep young people like him away from fishing.

554
00:36:16,040 --> 00:36:19,560
Speaker 11: He says, Yeah, I'm pretty worried about it. You know,

555
00:36:19,600 --> 00:36:24,040
Speaker 11: I did read an article a while ago saying, like

556
00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:27,960
Speaker 11: the average fisherman is over fifty years old and at

557
00:36:28,080 --> 00:36:31,520
Speaker 11: disdirection it's going to be harder for younger guys. Gen

558
00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:36,959
Speaker 11: z fishermen get in disindustry and then really just see

559
00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:40,480
Speaker 11: a future. And I mean, if it continues like this,

560
00:36:40,680 --> 00:36:44,080
Speaker 11: I highly doubt there's going to be new generation fishermen.

561
00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:49,000
Speaker 4: How does that make you feel you have aspirations to

562
00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,320
Speaker 4: want to possibly follow in your dad's footsteps.

563
00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:55,120
Speaker 11: Yeah, I mean it kind of. Yeah, it does bump

564
00:36:55,160 --> 00:36:59,120
Speaker 11: me out. I mean, man, I do see people my

565
00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:02,640
Speaker 11: age still going out, still going strong. Hopefully this is

566
00:37:02,800 --> 00:37:07,160
Speaker 11: just the down moment. In a year or two, it

567
00:37:07,640 --> 00:37:10,600
Speaker 11: can get back to normal and it's gonna be worth it.

568
00:37:13,960 --> 00:37:18,080
Speaker 4: Moistas's optimism is something I heard from many others in Kodiak.

569
00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:20,680
Speaker 4: It's a hope that things will swing back in their

570
00:37:20,760 --> 00:37:24,880
Speaker 4: direction because being out at sea is in their DNA

571
00:37:25,400 --> 00:37:30,360
Speaker 4: and it often spans generations. But many scientists predict that

572
00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:34,080
Speaker 4: the reality is that climate change is only expected to

573
00:37:34,200 --> 00:37:39,200
Speaker 4: get worse. Still, Chad Lowenberg, Bethro's boss and the Arctic

574
00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:43,640
Speaker 4: Lady's captain, holds onto this optimism. The future of this

575
00:37:43,880 --> 00:37:46,480
Speaker 4: industry is part of his family's legacy.

576
00:37:49,600 --> 00:37:51,440
Speaker 12: So this is our lounge, This is where we hang out,

577
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:54,120
Speaker 12: We watch TV, relax its kind of like the guys

578
00:37:54,200 --> 00:37:54,520
Speaker 12: hang out.

579
00:37:54,640 --> 00:37:57,359
Speaker 7: They lay down on the couch and whatever watch TV.

580
00:37:57,800 --> 00:38:00,640
Speaker 4: Chad shows me around the Arctic Lady, and I can

581
00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:03,080
Speaker 4: tell the sense of pride that he has for the boat.

582
00:38:03,640 --> 00:38:06,680
Speaker 4: Every inch of it has a story. It's been out

583
00:38:06,719 --> 00:38:11,080
Speaker 4: to sea for forty years, starting with his dad. Being

584
00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:13,239
Speaker 4: on the boat brings up a lot of feelings and

585
00:38:13,360 --> 00:38:16,879
Speaker 4: memories for Chad. Catching snow crab on the Arctic Lady.

586
00:38:17,160 --> 00:38:18,280
Speaker 4: It's a family business.

587
00:38:18,719 --> 00:38:22,200
Speaker 7: So when my dad was twenty one in nineteen seventy nine, he.

588
00:38:23,960 --> 00:38:26,200
Speaker 12: Went out on a limb, got alone, and he had

589
00:38:26,280 --> 00:38:29,719
Speaker 12: this boat built at twenty one years old and brought

590
00:38:29,760 --> 00:38:32,160
Speaker 12: it up to Kodiak here to fish crab and that

591
00:38:32,360 --> 00:38:33,200
Speaker 12: was its main purpose.

592
00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:34,879
Speaker 7: It was to come up here and be a crab

593
00:38:34,920 --> 00:38:37,440
Speaker 7: fishing boat. He was successful with it. He did a

594
00:38:37,520 --> 00:38:38,000
Speaker 7: great job.

595
00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:42,840
Speaker 4: Chad, who is now forty five, was born in Kodiak. Today,

596
00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:45,680
Speaker 4: Chad is wearing a black baseball cap and a black

597
00:38:45,760 --> 00:38:49,120
Speaker 4: longsleeved shirt. When he talks. I sense the nostalgia that

598
00:38:49,200 --> 00:38:52,360
Speaker 4: he has for his childhood growing up. Most of his

599
00:38:52,520 --> 00:38:54,640
Speaker 4: memories are of his dad and fishing.

600
00:38:55,239 --> 00:38:57,920
Speaker 7: I can remember when I was a young kid five

601
00:38:58,080 --> 00:38:59,080
Speaker 7: six seven years old.

602
00:38:59,239 --> 00:39:02,160
Speaker 12: My dad would come in with this boat and delivering kodiak,

603
00:39:02,239 --> 00:39:04,479
Speaker 12: and my mom would bring us down to the boat,

604
00:39:04,600 --> 00:39:07,160
Speaker 12: and my brother and I we would run around the boat,

605
00:39:07,920 --> 00:39:11,520
Speaker 12: raid the candy cupboard and well dad was delivering.

606
00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:15,080
Speaker 4: Even though they were apart a lot. The moments Chat

607
00:39:15,120 --> 00:39:18,319
Speaker 4: and his dad spent together on the boat inspired Chad

608
00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:21,560
Speaker 4: to get into the fishing industry, just as Moissetts wants

609
00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:23,360
Speaker 4: to do because of his dad, Bedrol.

610
00:39:23,920 --> 00:39:25,360
Speaker 12: When I grew up a little bit and I was

611
00:39:25,760 --> 00:39:28,480
Speaker 12: ten eleven twelve, then we were allowed to go out

612
00:39:28,600 --> 00:39:31,160
Speaker 12: and go on the boat, and Dad would pull me

613
00:39:31,200 --> 00:39:32,640
Speaker 12: out of school and we.

614
00:39:32,800 --> 00:39:34,839
Speaker 7: Enjoyed being around his crew.

615
00:39:34,960 --> 00:39:36,920
Speaker 12: The guys, you know, they'd play tricks on us and

616
00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:40,879
Speaker 12: now they'd tape us to the rail, or they'd tie

617
00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:42,640
Speaker 12: us to the crane and dip us in the water.

618
00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:47,160
Speaker 4: Chat's father retired from fishing early at thirty four. He

619
00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:49,840
Speaker 4: had other people manage the Arctic Lady until Chad and

620
00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:53,879
Speaker 4: his brother could take over. Chad takes me up two

621
00:39:53,960 --> 00:39:55,480
Speaker 4: flights of stairs on the boat.

622
00:39:55,840 --> 00:39:58,239
Speaker 7: So we're in the wheelhouse. This is where I drive

623
00:39:58,320 --> 00:39:58,640
Speaker 7: the boat.

624
00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:01,239
Speaker 4: From the wheelhouse, you can see the deck of the

625
00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:04,560
Speaker 4: ship right below. The crew is hard at work trying

626
00:40:04,640 --> 00:40:07,759
Speaker 4: to finish offloading the tanner crab. It's now day three.

627
00:40:08,400 --> 00:40:11,440
Speaker 4: It's an exhausting job, and Chad can't help but to

628
00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:13,879
Speaker 4: think that it's still a huge pay cut for them

629
00:40:13,920 --> 00:40:17,279
Speaker 4: all from what they're normally used to making. He says

630
00:40:17,280 --> 00:40:20,880
Speaker 4: about half of his annual income comes from catching snow crab.

631
00:40:21,360 --> 00:40:24,160
Speaker 7: It's like making pennies versus making one hundred dollars bill.

632
00:40:24,719 --> 00:40:28,719
Speaker 4: Besides this recent temporary tendering gig, Chad and his crew

633
00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:32,759
Speaker 4: also finished another job. They tried fishing for cod, but

634
00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:35,040
Speaker 4: they quickly ran into a problem at sea.

635
00:40:35,440 --> 00:40:38,440
Speaker 12: This cod season was very very short, and the reason

636
00:40:38,680 --> 00:40:41,800
Speaker 12: was is because there's no crab, So what does everybody do.

637
00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:46,480
Speaker 12: Everybody's doing cod now, whereas before not everybody would do

638
00:40:46,520 --> 00:40:48,719
Speaker 12: it because they would concentrate on catching their crab.

639
00:40:49,520 --> 00:40:52,480
Speaker 4: Chad says, even if they had caught some cod, there's

640
00:40:52,520 --> 00:40:55,359
Speaker 4: a huge price difference between that and the snow crab

641
00:40:55,400 --> 00:40:56,200
Speaker 4: they usually fish.

642
00:40:56,280 --> 00:40:57,359
Speaker 7: For cod.

643
00:40:57,600 --> 00:41:00,480
Speaker 12: We get forty six cents a pound is what we

644
00:41:00,560 --> 00:41:04,120
Speaker 12: were paid, so quite a bit less. We're talking three

645
00:41:04,400 --> 00:41:07,839
Speaker 12: fifty pounds for crab, and we're talking forty six cents

646
00:41:07,920 --> 00:41:10,640
Speaker 12: for cod. So if you can put that into perspective.

647
00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:13,640
Speaker 4: Chad also makes it a point to say it's not

648
00:41:13,840 --> 00:41:17,200
Speaker 4: always easy to fish for something different. He was able

649
00:41:17,280 --> 00:41:21,000
Speaker 4: to and it was still quite expensive, but most might

650
00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:24,080
Speaker 4: not have that luxury. If you're used to fishing for

651
00:41:24,280 --> 00:41:26,840
Speaker 4: crab and then try to fish for cod or salmon,

652
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:30,840
Speaker 4: Chad says it usually requires buying special gear for that

653
00:41:31,040 --> 00:41:36,799
Speaker 4: specific species, things like specialized traps, and it also costs money. Also,

654
00:41:37,000 --> 00:41:40,160
Speaker 4: eats fishery has different regulations and seasons.

655
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:43,120
Speaker 12: You got to take money out of your pocket and

656
00:41:43,360 --> 00:41:46,680
Speaker 12: try to get your gear ready for another fishery when

657
00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:49,160
Speaker 12: you didn't have the income from the other to do it.

658
00:41:49,280 --> 00:41:53,319
Speaker 7: So, if you know what I mean, it's tough.

659
00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:57,880
Speaker 4: And he stresses that there are ripple effects, I mean

660
00:41:57,920 --> 00:41:58,399
Speaker 4: it's huge.

661
00:41:58,600 --> 00:42:00,759
Speaker 7: It goes all the way down to Oh, it's just

662
00:42:00,920 --> 00:42:01,640
Speaker 7: like the food chain.

663
00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:05,080
Speaker 12: It's uh, you know, crab boats aren't bringing crab in,

664
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:07,920
Speaker 12: uh delivering the city's not making the.

665
00:42:08,000 --> 00:42:08,799
Speaker 7: Tax off of them.

666
00:42:09,320 --> 00:42:12,640
Speaker 4: Several small towns in Alaska rely on this extra cash,

667
00:42:13,160 --> 00:42:16,200
Speaker 4: and when that money isn't flowing into the city, budgets

668
00:42:16,239 --> 00:42:19,120
Speaker 4: have to be slashed in order to accommodate the deficit.

669
00:42:19,600 --> 00:42:22,560
Speaker 4: Take for example, the small community of Saint Paul, a

670
00:42:22,680 --> 00:42:26,560
Speaker 4: town with a majority of Indigenous residents. It's west of Kodiak,

671
00:42:26,640 --> 00:42:30,000
Speaker 4: about seven hundred miles away, and it's not the first

672
00:42:30,080 --> 00:42:33,640
Speaker 4: time Saint Paul has experienced loss. In twenty twenty one,

673
00:42:33,880 --> 00:42:37,560
Speaker 4: the red King crab season was canceled. That with the

674
00:42:37,640 --> 00:42:41,200
Speaker 4: most recent snow crab closure resulted in a loss of

675
00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:45,040
Speaker 4: three point twenty five million dollars in tax revenue. But

676
00:42:45,239 --> 00:42:48,200
Speaker 4: Chad says it goes beyond three budgets.

677
00:42:48,840 --> 00:42:50,759
Speaker 12: The crew don't have money in their pockets to go

678
00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:55,160
Speaker 12: to the restaurants there were not spending money on maintenance.

679
00:42:54,800 --> 00:42:58,640
Speaker 7: At the hardware store is huge. It takes a dramatic

680
00:42:58,920 --> 00:43:00,360
Speaker 7: toll on the commune unity.

681
00:43:01,360 --> 00:43:03,560
Speaker 12: People aren't, you know, pulling their boats out of the

682
00:43:03,600 --> 00:43:06,239
Speaker 12: water and doing work unless they absolutely have to. So

683
00:43:06,320 --> 00:43:10,560
Speaker 12: the shipyards are feeling it. It's huge. It's all across

684
00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:12,160
Speaker 12: the board, it's everywhere.

685
00:43:18,520 --> 00:43:21,080
Speaker 2: Coming up on Latino USA, we learn about the impact

686
00:43:21,280 --> 00:43:25,120
Speaker 2: climate change is having beyond the snow crab and later

687
00:43:25,360 --> 00:43:28,160
Speaker 2: chat and't bether away in on their futures in Kodiak.

688
00:43:29,200 --> 00:44:23,239
Speaker 2: Stay with us, not stay by. Yes, hey, we're back.

689
00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:27,759
Speaker 2: When we left off, we learned about the financial struggles

690
00:44:28,040 --> 00:44:31,759
Speaker 2: some fishermen in Kodiak, Alaska are facing. That's due to

691
00:44:31,840 --> 00:44:36,080
Speaker 2: the snow crab season being canceled. Earlier, we also met

692
00:44:36,200 --> 00:44:40,279
Speaker 2: Mike Litso, a scientist looking at how snow crab, the

693
00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:44,680
Speaker 2: fishing industry, and those working in it can survive in

694
00:44:44,760 --> 00:44:48,040
Speaker 2: a warming planet. Right, let's get back to our story.

695
00:44:48,080 --> 00:44:51,440
Speaker 2: Here's producer Renaldo Junior once again with the rest.

696
00:44:51,320 --> 00:44:56,920
Speaker 4: Of the story. So this is where I mean, like

697
00:44:56,960 --> 00:44:58,920
Speaker 4: you said, a lot of the experiments are going to

698
00:44:58,960 --> 00:44:59,840
Speaker 4: be taking place and stuff.

699
00:45:00,440 --> 00:45:02,600
Speaker 10: Yeah, we've got an experiment running back.

700
00:45:02,480 --> 00:45:05,200
Speaker 4: At Mike Litzo's office. He says that the snow crab

701
00:45:05,360 --> 00:45:08,280
Speaker 4: aren't the only species to recently have had their fishing

702
00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:11,920
Speaker 4: seasons canceled. Mike also points out that the number of

703
00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:15,960
Speaker 4: red king crab have declined in recent years, so.

704
00:45:16,040 --> 00:45:19,480
Speaker 10: Snow crab is a sudden collapse. King crab, the population

705
00:45:19,960 --> 00:45:22,919
Speaker 10: has been stable, but the problem there is that they're

706
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:26,960
Speaker 10: not producing young For some reason. Young crab are not

707
00:45:27,080 --> 00:45:30,720
Speaker 10: appearing in the population to replace older crab. So without

708
00:45:30,760 --> 00:45:33,839
Speaker 10: those young coming in, the population's gradually been declining over

709
00:45:33,880 --> 00:45:34,840
Speaker 10: the last decade or so.

710
00:45:35,200 --> 00:45:37,600
Speaker 4: But what are some of the hypothesis behind that, is

711
00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:40,320
Speaker 4: it related to climate as well or is it more complex.

712
00:45:40,920 --> 00:45:42,200
Speaker 4: So in terms of the causes of.

713
00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:46,560
Speaker 10: The red king crab decline and why they're not producing

714
00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:51,680
Speaker 10: young crab, we have a lot less data, So without data,

715
00:45:51,760 --> 00:45:55,040
Speaker 10: it's hard to make any sort of firm, hard conclusion

716
00:45:55,040 --> 00:45:58,440
Speaker 10: about what's going on. One hypothesis that's definitely on our

717
00:45:58,560 --> 00:45:59,960
Speaker 10: radar is acidification.

718
00:46:01,160 --> 00:46:05,480
Speaker 4: That acidification is primarily coming from the carbon dioxide released

719
00:46:05,520 --> 00:46:09,120
Speaker 4: in the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas,

720
00:46:09,280 --> 00:46:13,440
Speaker 4: and oil. The oceans absorb that carbon dioxide, lowering the

721
00:46:13,520 --> 00:46:16,879
Speaker 4: pH levels of the water, and as a result, it's

722
00:46:16,960 --> 00:46:21,200
Speaker 4: harder for marine animals to adapt. Mike says juvenile red

723
00:46:21,280 --> 00:46:26,600
Speaker 4: king crabs are especially sensitive to acidification. All of these observations,

724
00:46:26,760 --> 00:46:29,560
Speaker 4: when put together, paint a troubling picture.

725
00:46:30,280 --> 00:46:32,440
Speaker 10: You know, we've known that the Barren Sea's going to

726
00:46:32,520 --> 00:46:35,520
Speaker 10: warm for decades, and I've been involved in the Alaska

727
00:46:35,560 --> 00:46:38,279
Speaker 10: marine science community for that time, and we've gotten a

728
00:46:38,280 --> 00:46:41,800
Speaker 10: really clear story from the oceanographers over that time that

729
00:46:41,960 --> 00:46:45,000
Speaker 10: the Northern Barren Sea would always keep its winter sea

730
00:46:45,040 --> 00:46:47,799
Speaker 10: ice cover just because there's no sunlight in the winter

731
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:49,719
Speaker 10: up there and it gets so cold.

732
00:46:51,520 --> 00:46:56,040
Speaker 4: But things suddenly shifted twenty eighteen, twenty.

733
00:46:55,920 --> 00:46:58,160
Speaker 10: Nineteen, we lost it. You know, we saw the Barren

734
00:46:58,200 --> 00:47:00,560
Speaker 10: Sea largely ice free and mark you know, all the

735
00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:03,040
Speaker 10: way up to Bearing Straight and so that was something

736
00:47:03,120 --> 00:47:05,680
Speaker 10: that not only had we never seen before, but we

737
00:47:06,040 --> 00:47:09,320
Speaker 10: the best science suggested that we would never expect to

738
00:47:09,400 --> 00:47:10,600
Speaker 10: see so soon.

739
00:47:13,160 --> 00:47:15,920
Speaker 4: This really struck a chord with me, and it made

740
00:47:15,960 --> 00:47:19,360
Speaker 4: me wonder and ask, Mike, is what's happening to the

741
00:47:19,440 --> 00:47:22,680
Speaker 4: snow crab and red king crab in the Bearing Sea?

742
00:47:23,120 --> 00:47:25,600
Speaker 4: A sign of what's to come in other regions?

743
00:47:26,719 --> 00:47:29,360
Speaker 10: I mean, we are starting to see a lot of

744
00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:33,919
Speaker 10: volatility in some fisheries in Alaska PACIFICA in the Gulf

745
00:47:33,960 --> 00:47:37,759
Speaker 10: of Alaska collapsed in twenty sixteen, twenty seventeen, we saw

746
00:47:37,920 --> 00:47:40,200
Speaker 10: a failure in the pink salmon run in the Gulf

747
00:47:40,200 --> 00:47:43,560
Speaker 10: of Alaska in twenty sixteen. Salmon in the Yukon cosca

748
00:47:43,640 --> 00:47:46,960
Speaker 10: Quin rivers that supported a lot of Native communities in

749
00:47:47,040 --> 00:47:51,400
Speaker 10: western Alaska have experienced this persistent failure that's been super,

750
00:47:51,520 --> 00:47:55,080
Speaker 10: super disruptive and produced a lot of hardship for those communities.

751
00:48:00,200 --> 00:48:03,400
Speaker 4: All of this, Mike says, the overall fishery system in

752
00:48:03,520 --> 00:48:07,520
Speaker 4: Alaska remains healthy and robust. That means some of these

753
00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:12,280
Speaker 4: fisheries have started recovering and others remain at normal population numbers,

754
00:48:12,880 --> 00:48:17,240
Speaker 4: but this stability may not be permanent. The alarming trend

755
00:48:17,400 --> 00:48:20,040
Speaker 4: is that these drops in numbers are happening more broadly

756
00:48:20,640 --> 00:48:22,200
Speaker 4: and also more often.

757
00:48:22,800 --> 00:48:27,160
Speaker 10: Looking forward, we know that even if we halted all

758
00:48:27,280 --> 00:48:30,760
Speaker 10: carbon emissions today, we've still got a lot of warming

759
00:48:30,800 --> 00:48:34,200
Speaker 10: baked into the system. Carbon dioxide's a long lived, well

760
00:48:34,320 --> 00:48:37,720
Speaker 10: mixed gas, and we should expect to see the barriancy

761
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:40,080
Speaker 10: warming up beyond what we've seen so far.

762
00:48:40,719 --> 00:48:43,719
Speaker 4: Mike's as the recent snow crap collapse should make us

763
00:48:43,760 --> 00:48:45,560
Speaker 4: all think about climate change differently.

764
00:48:46,080 --> 00:48:50,120
Speaker 10: These changes are coming in exactly when is impossible to predict.

765
00:48:50,160 --> 00:48:53,120
Speaker 10: They're going to continue to be surprising in a sense,

766
00:48:53,400 --> 00:48:55,239
Speaker 10: and so it's really is time for us to start

767
00:48:55,280 --> 00:49:01,520
Speaker 10: thinking about how communities, communities involved with actual resources in particular,

768
00:49:01,920 --> 00:49:04,160
Speaker 10: are going to adapt to the changes as they come.

769
00:49:05,239 --> 00:49:08,719
Speaker 4: And are you hopeful? How do you feel? You know?

770
00:49:08,880 --> 00:49:12,240
Speaker 10: I think the magnitude of the challenges that we face

771
00:49:12,880 --> 00:49:16,960
Speaker 10: are something we have to really look at clearly, and

772
00:49:17,440 --> 00:49:21,000
Speaker 10: there are some big challenges coming. I like to remain

773
00:49:21,120 --> 00:49:23,480
Speaker 10: optimistic for my kids, you know, And I tell them

774
00:49:23,600 --> 00:49:26,600
Speaker 10: that the world's going to need some solutions and it's

775
00:49:26,640 --> 00:49:29,000
Speaker 10: going to be up to them in their generation, and

776
00:49:29,160 --> 00:49:32,200
Speaker 10: that there will be solutions and so so I guess

777
00:49:32,480 --> 00:49:34,640
Speaker 10: that's how I land on that I like to be

778
00:49:34,680 --> 00:49:35,880
Speaker 10: optimistic on their behalf.

779
00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:43,040
Speaker 4: I walked out of the Noah facility feeling overwhelmed because

780
00:49:43,080 --> 00:49:49,040
Speaker 4: the issue of climate change is so complex. I wanted

781
00:49:49,120 --> 00:49:52,680
Speaker 4: to feel like optimism, but I just couldn't in that moment.

782
00:49:56,520 --> 00:49:59,960
Speaker 4: Chad and many other fishermen in Kodiak get guidance from

783
00:50:00,080 --> 00:50:04,400
Speaker 4: the Alaska Bearing Sea Crabbers, a nonprofit group. They have

784
00:50:04,520 --> 00:50:08,320
Speaker 4: told their members the importance of diversifying their source of income.

785
00:50:08,960 --> 00:50:12,640
Speaker 4: The group acknowledges that the climate crisis is here and

786
00:50:12,760 --> 00:50:17,000
Speaker 4: that things are constantly in flux. Scientists are predicting climate

787
00:50:17,120 --> 00:50:20,279
Speaker 4: change is only going to get worse, so that means

788
00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:23,759
Speaker 4: there will be more disruptions in the near future and

789
00:50:24,360 --> 00:50:33,440
Speaker 4: they need to be ready. In March, the United Nations

790
00:50:33,560 --> 00:50:38,720
Speaker 4: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, released a report.

791
00:50:39,360 --> 00:50:42,800
Speaker 4: The IPCC is one of the leading scientific authorities on

792
00:50:42,960 --> 00:50:45,160
Speaker 4: all things related to climate change.

793
00:50:46,280 --> 00:50:51,439
Speaker 13: This report tells us that our collective failure to cut

794
00:50:51,520 --> 00:50:55,279
Speaker 13: greenhouse gas emissions leaves us on track to exceed one

795
00:50:55,360 --> 00:50:58,400
Speaker 13: point five degree cells use of global warming, and that

796
00:50:58,600 --> 00:51:03,800
Speaker 13: continuing to march down this track will bring further intensification

797
00:51:04,040 --> 00:51:08,520
Speaker 13: of extreme weather, of ecosystem degradation, and of damage to

798
00:51:08,680 --> 00:51:12,839
Speaker 13: lives and livelihoods, so we must turn down the heat.

799
00:51:13,440 --> 00:51:17,360
Speaker 4: Experts met to discuss these findings. They said that humanity

800
00:51:17,960 --> 00:51:22,680
Speaker 4: is on thin ice. One environmentalist Inger Anderson that she

801
00:51:22,840 --> 00:51:25,960
Speaker 4: believes the world has the technology and then know how

802
00:51:26,239 --> 00:51:31,040
Speaker 4: to get the job done. The key is restoration and sustainability.

803
00:51:32,640 --> 00:51:37,640
Speaker 13: Renewable energy instead of fossil fuels, energy efficiency, green transport,

804
00:51:38,120 --> 00:51:45,080
Speaker 13: green urban infrastructure, halting deforestation, ecosystem restoration, sustainable food systems

805
00:51:45,160 --> 00:51:49,080
Speaker 13: including reduced food loss and waste. Investing in these areas

806
00:51:49,160 --> 00:51:55,360
Speaker 13: and more besides will help to stabilize our climate, but.

807
00:51:55,440 --> 00:51:58,080
Speaker 4: It might not be easy to get governments or industry

808
00:51:58,200 --> 00:52:01,239
Speaker 4: leaders on board to make these chain or to look

809
00:52:01,280 --> 00:52:05,720
Speaker 4: at sustainability right away. The report also says that climate

810
00:52:05,800 --> 00:52:09,640
Speaker 4: change has impacted humans, animals, and all of our environments

811
00:52:09,680 --> 00:52:13,400
Speaker 4: across the world, with those who have generally least contributed

812
00:52:13,440 --> 00:52:18,000
Speaker 4: to climate change being the most vulnerable and disproportionately affected.

813
00:52:28,080 --> 00:52:30,920
Speaker 4: The men on the Arctic Lady are finishing up transferring

814
00:52:31,120 --> 00:52:35,000
Speaker 4: the last of Tanner crab. That means this temporary gig

815
00:52:35,120 --> 00:52:38,200
Speaker 4: for Chad bed and the rest of his crew is

816
00:52:38,239 --> 00:52:41,520
Speaker 4: about to end, and it's time to look for the next.

817
00:52:41,680 --> 00:52:43,920
Speaker 12: I'm going to keep doing everything I can to keep

818
00:52:43,960 --> 00:52:46,120
Speaker 12: the boat busy, the guy's busy, and move forward.

819
00:52:46,160 --> 00:52:48,880
Speaker 7: I'm going to keep looking for jobs to do, and

820
00:52:49,560 --> 00:52:51,320
Speaker 7: that's all I can do until it rebounds.

821
00:52:52,200 --> 00:52:55,640
Speaker 4: Chad knows that he isn't the only one in this situation,

822
00:52:56,320 --> 00:52:59,680
Speaker 4: and he knows that the snow crab fishing season probably

823
00:52:59,719 --> 00:53:02,040
Speaker 4: won't be back up and running as it used to.

824
00:53:02,719 --> 00:53:05,560
Speaker 7: Well, I thank god that I saved for a rainy day, and.

825
00:53:07,239 --> 00:53:09,840
Speaker 12: I was fortunate enough to be taught by my dad to,

826
00:53:10,480 --> 00:53:12,440
Speaker 12: you know, save your money because you never know when

827
00:53:12,480 --> 00:53:14,600
Speaker 12: the rainy day is gonna come. And it's here, and

828
00:53:15,040 --> 00:53:18,560
Speaker 12: we did save and we're fortunate to be one of

829
00:53:18,600 --> 00:53:21,600
Speaker 12: the boats that may be able to weather the storm.

830
00:53:22,320 --> 00:53:24,560
Speaker 7: It's not going to be easy. We're not going to

831
00:53:24,600 --> 00:53:28,240
Speaker 7: be living the high life. Definitely gonna have some cuts

832
00:53:28,280 --> 00:53:32,880
Speaker 7: coming here and a new way of life. But I

833
00:53:33,040 --> 00:53:35,320
Speaker 7: hope in three to five years, we're back at it.

834
00:53:36,320 --> 00:53:38,840
Speaker 4: And the reality though, is right that some boats that

835
00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:42,160
Speaker 4: probably will not make it right through these next couple

836
00:53:42,239 --> 00:53:42,720
Speaker 4: of years.

837
00:53:43,160 --> 00:53:44,880
Speaker 7: I'm gonna say two thirds of the fleet will not

838
00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:47,920
Speaker 7: make it. You just can't do it. You can't have

839
00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:50,319
Speaker 7: an operation like this and not do anything and park

840
00:53:50,360 --> 00:53:51,160
Speaker 7: it at the docks.

841
00:53:51,600 --> 00:53:54,880
Speaker 12: It's not gonna work. So there's gonna be a lot

842
00:53:54,920 --> 00:53:58,000
Speaker 12: of guys that don't make it. You know, the community

843
00:53:58,080 --> 00:54:03,279
Speaker 12: is going to be hurt. People are going to have

844
00:54:03,360 --> 00:54:09,719
Speaker 12: to find other things to do. I don't know, you

845
00:54:09,760 --> 00:54:11,840
Speaker 12: know what else to say, other than it's going to

846
00:54:11,920 --> 00:54:15,200
Speaker 12: affect it. It's gonna be tough times.

847
00:54:16,320 --> 00:54:19,600
Speaker 4: Fethero's and Chad's lives are at a crossroads as they

848
00:54:19,680 --> 00:54:22,880
Speaker 4: continue to live with the effects of climate change. They

849
00:54:22,960 --> 00:54:27,600
Speaker 4: also each represent two perspectives of this crisis. Chad, as

850
00:54:27,719 --> 00:54:30,440
Speaker 4: captain of the Arctic Lady, has found ways to keep

851
00:54:30,520 --> 00:54:33,800
Speaker 4: his business running, while Fed is someone who works on

852
00:54:33,920 --> 00:54:37,279
Speaker 4: that boat, a fisherman. And it seems like right now

853
00:54:37,880 --> 00:54:41,480
Speaker 4: there are two visible paths. The first, stay in an

854
00:54:41,520 --> 00:54:45,000
Speaker 4: industry that you've been in for generations and remain hopeful,

855
00:54:45,520 --> 00:54:48,160
Speaker 4: or the second make a shift and try to get

856
00:54:48,200 --> 00:54:52,319
Speaker 4: out of the industry before it's too late. Both are

857
00:54:52,400 --> 00:54:53,400
Speaker 4: difficult options.

858
00:54:57,160 --> 00:54:58,840
Speaker 3: This is temp.

859
00:55:00,239 --> 00:55:03,160
Speaker 4: Back on Bethero's favorite beach, an hour away from the city.

860
00:55:03,680 --> 00:55:06,439
Speaker 4: Bethero says he and his family have talked about making

861
00:55:06,520 --> 00:55:11,400
Speaker 4: the move away from Alaska, maybe to California. He's considering

862
00:55:11,480 --> 00:55:15,040
Speaker 4: looking for a job in construction or as a truck driver.

863
00:55:17,440 --> 00:55:20,719
Speaker 4: Six months after my visit to Kodiak, Bethero tells me

864
00:55:20,880 --> 00:55:25,120
Speaker 4: he's still out fishing and doing temporary jobs. It's August

865
00:55:25,239 --> 00:55:28,880
Speaker 4: and it's salmon fishing season, but as expected, he and

866
00:55:28,960 --> 00:55:33,440
Speaker 4: the other fishermen are not making as much money, and

867
00:55:33,600 --> 00:55:36,440
Speaker 4: not many things have changed. He's still worried about his

868
00:55:36,560 --> 00:55:40,960
Speaker 4: family's future. Moving away from Kodiak is still in his plans,

869
00:55:41,400 --> 00:55:43,879
Speaker 4: but for now he's waiting to hear of the snow

870
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Speaker 4: crab season. We'll come back this year. There are inklings

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Speaker 4: of hope that it might, but he and so many

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Speaker 4: others are on edge. The announcement will come sometime in

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Speaker 4: the fall. As for Moisas Betherro's son, he's actually also

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Speaker 4: fishing for salmon, right next to his father on the

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Speaker 4: same fishing boat.

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Speaker 2: This episode was produced by Renaldo Lanos Junior and edited

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00:56:30,680 --> 00:56:34,400
Speaker 2: by Daisy Gontredras. It was mixed by Julio Caruso and

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Speaker 2: jj Carubin.

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Speaker 7: Fact checking for.

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Speaker 2: This episode by Elizabeth Lenthal Torres. Special thanks to Kirsten

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Speaker 2: doe Brath, former news director of kmx T, the local

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00:56:45,280 --> 00:56:49,480
Speaker 2: public radio station in Kodiak, Alaska. The Latino USA team

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00:56:49,640 --> 00:56:54,800
Speaker 2: include Andre Loo Pees Crusdo, Marta Martinez, Mike Sargent, Victoria Strada,

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00:56:55,120 --> 00:56:58,240
Speaker 2: and we had help from Dorim Marquez and Raoul Perez

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00:56:58,280 --> 00:57:01,840
Speaker 2: in Josa. Our Director of Anger Pioneering is Stephanie Lepaux.

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00:57:02,320 --> 00:57:06,240
Speaker 2: Additional engineering support by Gabriel Le Bias. Our marketing manager

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00:57:06,400 --> 00:57:09,759
Speaker 2: is Luis Luna. Our theme music was composed by Senor R.

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Speaker 4: Reinos.

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Speaker 2: I'm your host and executive producer Marienno Josa. Join us

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Speaker 2: again next time and in the meantime, look for us

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00:57:16,200 --> 00:57:19,360
Speaker 2: on social media. I'll see you there and remember.

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Speaker 4: Not by es Chao.

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Speaker 1: Latino USA is made possible in part by the Ford Foundation,

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00:57:27,760 --> 00:57:31,720
Speaker 1: working with visionaries on the front lines of social change worldwide,

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00:57:32,400 --> 00:57:38,600
Speaker 1: The Heising Simons Foundation Unlocking knowledge, opportunity and possibilities more

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00:57:38,800 --> 00:57:44,400
Speaker 1: at hsfoundation dot org, and funding for Latino USA is

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00:57:44,480 --> 00:57:47,400
Speaker 1: coverage of a culture of health is made possible, in

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Speaker 1: part by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.