1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:02,880 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,120 --> 00:00:07,480 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know 3 00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:16,279 Speaker 1: from house Stuff Works dot com? Hey, and welcome to 4 00:00:16,280 --> 00:00:22,440 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles Chuck Bryant Chuck. Yes, 5 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:25,680 Speaker 1: nice Chuck. We'll get to that in a second. Again, 6 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:30,280 Speaker 1: that's awesome. Chuck's barking because this is stuff you should know. 7 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:33,520 Speaker 1: And this particular stuff you should know is entitled how 8 00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:37,760 Speaker 1: do dogs perceive time? And I said in dog language 9 00:00:37,800 --> 00:00:42,120 Speaker 1: just then, I don't perceive time. That is up for debate, 10 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:46,600 Speaker 1: my friend, up for vigorous debate. All right, So chuck um, 11 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:48,360 Speaker 1: let me let me do a little intro here, a 12 00:00:48,360 --> 00:00:51,600 Speaker 1: little lead in segway whatever spoiled your parade? There? What 13 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:54,640 Speaker 1: do we call him these days? What are we what segways? 14 00:00:54,720 --> 00:01:00,720 Speaker 1: Lead ins intros intro schmickls um Chuck. About a year ago, 15 00:01:01,400 --> 00:01:05,960 Speaker 1: well a year ago this month, Paris, well, France, Paris, 16 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:11,840 Speaker 1: France made history, legal history. Uh, they actually used a 17 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:15,440 Speaker 1: dog as a witness in a criminal case. Did they 18 00:01:15,440 --> 00:01:18,920 Speaker 1: get the dog to bark at someone? Wow? I kid you, 19 00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:21,280 Speaker 1: not like an intruder at the very least, and I 20 00:01:21,319 --> 00:01:24,560 Speaker 1: hope I'm not in Bangladeshi newspaper here, um, because I 21 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:28,160 Speaker 1: found it, uh in the Daily Mail, which is not 22 00:01:28,200 --> 00:01:30,520 Speaker 1: known for satire, but it's all. It can be known 23 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:32,480 Speaker 1: for poor reporting from time to time. So you may 24 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:35,039 Speaker 1: have egg on your face soon we'll find out. Um. 25 00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:37,600 Speaker 1: But there was a dog named Scooby that was brought 26 00:01:37,720 --> 00:01:44,400 Speaker 1: into a doesn't I should afford to this article? Um? 27 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:47,400 Speaker 1: There was a dog named Scooby that was brought into 28 00:01:47,720 --> 00:01:52,120 Speaker 1: a murder case or a hearing to see if there 29 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:55,760 Speaker 1: was enough evidence to try a man for murder for 30 00:01:55,880 --> 00:01:58,600 Speaker 1: something that was ruled a suicide. And the dog barked 31 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:02,520 Speaker 1: furiously at the alleged perpetrator and they gave him a 32 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,440 Speaker 1: Scooby snack. Yeah, so that was the last I heard. 33 00:02:05,440 --> 00:02:08,040 Speaker 1: It was from a year ago, but there was some 34 00:02:08,200 --> 00:02:12,280 Speaker 1: concern over whether the dog's memory would serve it or 35 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:15,640 Speaker 1: not because it had been two and a half years 36 00:02:15,680 --> 00:02:18,520 Speaker 1: since the incident. Okay, that makes sense, and that's kind 37 00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:21,720 Speaker 1: of key to how dogs may or may not perceive time. 38 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:24,880 Speaker 1: The best I could come up with that great? Thanks? 39 00:02:24,919 --> 00:02:29,519 Speaker 1: So um what that what that betrays is a sense 40 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:33,400 Speaker 1: by at least the reporter and the courts in Paris 41 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:38,639 Speaker 1: that dogs have a memory, that they they if they 42 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:43,440 Speaker 1: have a memory, then they should be able to perceive time. Right, Chuck, 43 00:02:43,520 --> 00:02:48,000 Speaker 1: let's talk about this. What is time? Well, you know 44 00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 1: my whole deal with time, I've said it before. What 45 00:02:50,720 --> 00:02:53,640 Speaker 1: a little time is just abstract numbers on a calendar 46 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:57,000 Speaker 1: and and hands on a watch, aren't time? Well, yeah, no, 47 00:02:57,320 --> 00:03:00,480 Speaker 1: what you're talking about is the human constructive time. Yes, 48 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:04,200 Speaker 1: based on twenty four hours, which all kind of arbitrary 49 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:10,360 Speaker 1: seven days in a week. There, well, not necessarily. Here's why. Uh, 50 00:03:10,639 --> 00:03:13,040 Speaker 1: it was actually kind of ingenious that we should come 51 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:15,800 Speaker 1: up with the twenty four hour day. Because we have 52 00:03:15,880 --> 00:03:20,919 Speaker 1: these things called circadian oscillators, which are the well they're 53 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:24,320 Speaker 1: the fluctuators in our circadian rhythm, which is what makes 54 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 1: us fall asleep at night, wake up in the morning, 55 00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:30,360 Speaker 1: get hungry at certain times. Neural activity, right, the neural 56 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:34,600 Speaker 1: activity and the hormones um our reactions to things like 57 00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:38,320 Speaker 1: changes in temperature that are on a daily basis. Um 58 00:03:38,400 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 1: things like um the changes in natural light. Right, So 59 00:03:44,080 --> 00:03:47,400 Speaker 1: our our reactions to these are circadian oscillators. And if 60 00:03:47,440 --> 00:03:50,160 Speaker 1: you put them all together, like sleeping at night and 61 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:53,520 Speaker 1: and um waking up in the morning, that's our circadian rhythm. 62 00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:58,360 Speaker 1: But the circadian clocks actually exist on about a twenty 63 00:03:58,360 --> 00:04:01,880 Speaker 1: four hour period since then. So but like you said, 64 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:04,280 Speaker 1: days on the calendar and all that, that's that is 65 00:04:04,320 --> 00:04:06,840 Speaker 1: a human construct. Yeah, So what we're trying to get 66 00:04:06,880 --> 00:04:09,600 Speaker 1: to the bottom of is whether or not dogs can 67 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:14,440 Speaker 1: perceive this not necessarily the human construct of time, but 68 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:17,920 Speaker 1: of time in and of itself, which is essentially a 69 00:04:18,200 --> 00:04:21,440 Speaker 1: past present in future exactly. And I know that one 70 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:23,720 Speaker 1: thing that we will talk about, and maybe we'll talk 71 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:26,839 Speaker 1: about right now is you have three dogs? Do you 72 00:04:26,880 --> 00:04:29,960 Speaker 1: have any dogs? I have two dogs? What shut up? 73 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:33,080 Speaker 1: I have two dogs, and I'm actually fostering two feral 74 00:04:33,120 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 1: puppy rescues. What you know, So right now, if you 75 00:04:35,040 --> 00:04:36,479 Speaker 1: want to get rid of those two dogs, because we 76 00:04:36,480 --> 00:04:38,239 Speaker 1: could get rid of them like that if we plug 77 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:40,600 Speaker 1: this on this UM, on this podcast, we're kind of 78 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:42,599 Speaker 1: picky about who we give them to. Okay, well, how 79 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:44,719 Speaker 1: about this if you're not a creep and you love 80 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:48,360 Speaker 1: dogs and you live in the East Lake area, yeah, Atlanta, 81 00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:50,080 Speaker 1: to send us an email if you want one of 82 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:53,200 Speaker 1: Chuck's puppies. Very cute. Yeah, So anyway, if your dogs 83 00:04:53,279 --> 00:04:56,839 Speaker 1: or anything like my dogs, they and actually my cats too, 84 00:04:57,160 --> 00:05:00,400 Speaker 1: they know when the food bell is going to ring. Sure, 85 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:02,880 Speaker 1: actually they start. Emily calls it food abuse. They start 86 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:05,839 Speaker 1: the food abuse typically about an hour and a half 87 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:10,040 Speaker 1: before they typically get fed every afternoon and in the morning. 88 00:05:10,080 --> 00:05:11,800 Speaker 1: We feed them pretty much straight away in the morning, 89 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:13,760 Speaker 1: so they know. They know then. But my dog Lucy 90 00:05:13,839 --> 00:05:17,360 Speaker 1: dude comes in the room and looks at you with 91 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,560 Speaker 1: her head cocked, stamps on the floor with her feet 92 00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:23,400 Speaker 1: and goes m And I'm waiting her for her literally 93 00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:27,680 Speaker 1: to one day say feed me one day. I told 94 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:29,520 Speaker 1: Emily if she did that one day, I would be 95 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:33,159 Speaker 1: surprised for about a second. So, chuck, here is where 96 00:05:33,160 --> 00:05:36,599 Speaker 1: we reached the bone of contention. Sorry for that pun. 97 00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:38,880 Speaker 1: I'm not Jonathan's strickling your dog to do the same 98 00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:41,600 Speaker 1: thing though soon right. Well, no, my my dogs are 99 00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:44,640 Speaker 1: fed constantly. They always have food. They for some reason 100 00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:46,719 Speaker 1: I'd lucked out, and they just eat it, eat whenever 101 00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:49,720 Speaker 1: they want, whenever. I can't imagine that. It's pretty cool 102 00:05:49,880 --> 00:05:51,960 Speaker 1: dogs eat their food like it's the first time they've 103 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,200 Speaker 1: ever been fed before. My dogs, they're pretty laid back 104 00:05:55,200 --> 00:05:59,159 Speaker 1: when it comes to stuff like that. Are they fat? No? Really, no, 105 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:03,880 Speaker 1: they're they're healthier than I am. Well, they're healthier than 106 00:06:03,920 --> 00:06:05,840 Speaker 1: a lot of people I know. No, they're very They 107 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:09,200 Speaker 1: regulate their food and take on their own It's weird, 108 00:06:09,839 --> 00:06:12,560 Speaker 1: but but I know what you're talking about. So the 109 00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:18,960 Speaker 1: question is this, do your dogs no, based on past 110 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:23,159 Speaker 1: experience that food is coming at a certain time of day, 111 00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:28,160 Speaker 1: not necessarily like five thirty pm, but say as far 112 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:31,960 Speaker 1: as the dog's concerned, when sun is low and sky 113 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:39,680 Speaker 1: over there, they're They're like Italians playing Native Americans. What 114 00:06:39,720 --> 00:06:43,599 Speaker 1: do you think, I'm so um or? Is it a 115 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:47,480 Speaker 1: circadian oscillator? Well, that's the circadian oscillator. It could be, yeah, 116 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:51,080 Speaker 1: it could be. What what that is is you're they're 117 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:54,719 Speaker 1: using their memories of past experiences to predict the future, 118 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:58,760 Speaker 1: which is episodic memory, which is our construction of time. 119 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:04,920 Speaker 1: Or is this semantic memory, which is totally different but related. 120 00:07:05,720 --> 00:07:06,920 Speaker 1: Do you want me to go into this because this 121 00:07:07,000 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: is outside research, I have no choice. Then semantic memory 122 00:07:11,600 --> 00:07:14,760 Speaker 1: is all right, Chuck. Let's say that you have brain 123 00:07:14,840 --> 00:07:18,280 Speaker 1: damage to your frontal lobe, which is where your episodic 124 00:07:18,360 --> 00:07:22,400 Speaker 1: memory is uh is located. That's the region that controls 125 00:07:22,440 --> 00:07:27,560 Speaker 1: episodic memory, which is learning from experience. Right. Um, you 126 00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:33,080 Speaker 1: could conceivably learn how to play chess right, right, but 127 00:07:34,160 --> 00:07:37,840 Speaker 1: you won't remember where you learn how to play chess. Right. 128 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,840 Speaker 1: Much like, uh, they say a baby learned how to 129 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: walk and talk, but they don't remember that day you 130 00:07:43,760 --> 00:07:45,680 Speaker 1: taught me how to walk, right. They don't have to 131 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:48,720 Speaker 1: relearn crawling or walking or talk on a day to 132 00:07:48,800 --> 00:07:52,320 Speaker 1: day basis, right, because they learned it. And that's semantic memory. 133 00:07:52,320 --> 00:07:55,720 Speaker 1: That's like facts and rules and and and possibly motor 134 00:07:55,920 --> 00:07:58,680 Speaker 1: movements or whatever. Or you know, if I run into 135 00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:01,360 Speaker 1: this wall, it's going to hurt my face because I'm crawling, 136 00:08:02,120 --> 00:08:05,440 Speaker 1: But they don't remember, you know, somebody teaching them like, 137 00:08:05,680 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 1: come crawl to me that kind of thing, right, So yeah, 138 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:14,400 Speaker 1: that's semantic memory. Episodic memory would be like, um, what 139 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:17,640 Speaker 1: did you have for breakfast this morning? Had a fruit smoothie? 140 00:08:18,120 --> 00:08:20,480 Speaker 1: You had a fruit smoothie? Remember what the light looked like? 141 00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:24,840 Speaker 1: I remember what what smelled like. That is precisely episodic memory. 142 00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:26,720 Speaker 1: And uh, I should probably give a shout out at 143 00:08:26,760 --> 00:08:29,040 Speaker 1: t RS and Tall, who I'm like just blatantly ripping 144 00:08:29,080 --> 00:08:33,400 Speaker 1: off right now. Um. The the chess example was one 145 00:08:33,400 --> 00:08:37,840 Speaker 1: of Zental's uh examples of semantic memory, and what you've 146 00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:42,280 Speaker 1: just said, um is almost word for word, uh, an 147 00:08:42,280 --> 00:08:46,199 Speaker 1: example of episodic memory. You said, you know you remember 148 00:08:46,240 --> 00:08:50,360 Speaker 1: these other details, whereas had you said, um, I had 149 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:53,280 Speaker 1: I had a smoothie this morning, I must have because 150 00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:57,120 Speaker 1: I had a smoothie, Right, that would be well, not 151 00:08:57,160 --> 00:08:59,600 Speaker 1: the burping part, but if you always had it, then 152 00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: that'd be were like semantic memories. So we reached the 153 00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:08,680 Speaker 1: question do dogs perceived time or are these reactions that 154 00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: appear like they're there keeping track of time some way, 155 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:17,000 Speaker 1: maybe through a circadian oscillator based on semantic memories. And 156 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,079 Speaker 1: there's been a lot of studies that, not necessarily on dogs, 157 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:23,160 Speaker 1: but on other animals. Right, Yeah, what's uh, what's this 158 00:09:23,200 --> 00:09:27,760 Speaker 1: crackpot's name? Roberts? No, what's this guy's name? Dr Roberts. Yeah, 159 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:30,200 Speaker 1: I have to say I'm gonna take issue with Dr Roberts. 160 00:09:30,520 --> 00:09:35,600 Speaker 1: William Roberts. He's an animal cognition researcher. Right off the bat, 161 00:09:35,640 --> 00:09:39,400 Speaker 1: you're taking issue with that, it's that. Yeah, he did 162 00:09:39,400 --> 00:09:42,959 Speaker 1: some studies on pigeons and primates, to name a couple 163 00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:46,120 Speaker 1: and long term in short term memory as far as 164 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:49,160 Speaker 1: remembering a sequence that they would I guess the pigeons 165 00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:51,520 Speaker 1: would peck it out and the primates would tap it 166 00:09:51,520 --> 00:09:54,920 Speaker 1: out and uh to get a reward. And they found 167 00:09:54,920 --> 00:09:57,360 Speaker 1: that they have pretty good short term memory for this 168 00:09:57,440 --> 00:10:01,000 Speaker 1: kind of thing, right, which is what that's working memory, right, yes, 169 00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:03,720 Speaker 1: but long term as reference memory, Yeah, but as far 170 00:10:03,720 --> 00:10:06,080 Speaker 1: as the reference goes, they couldn't remember it that well 171 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: if there was if there was a big break in between. Um. 172 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 1: Roberts actually wrote a very famous paper as far as 173 00:10:14,640 --> 00:10:19,320 Speaker 1: animal cognition goes, where he basically said that he concluded 174 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:21,880 Speaker 1: animals are stuck in time. And I just made air 175 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:25,360 Speaker 1: quotes for those of you out there listening in podcast land. Um, 176 00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:28,000 Speaker 1: and by stuck in timing means that they are they 177 00:10:28,040 --> 00:10:31,480 Speaker 1: live exclusively in the present that they don't have the 178 00:10:31,559 --> 00:10:37,240 Speaker 1: capacity for forming uh, long term episodic memory. Episodic is 179 00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:39,520 Speaker 1: the key word. It is very much. Because I know 180 00:10:39,559 --> 00:10:41,440 Speaker 1: at home you're saying, no, I taught my dog to 181 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:44,679 Speaker 1: sit when she was one. That's not the same thing. 182 00:10:44,720 --> 00:10:46,280 Speaker 1: That's what we're talking about with the baby and learning 183 00:10:46,280 --> 00:10:51,120 Speaker 1: how to walk. Um. But that's that's not. There's a 184 00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:54,520 Speaker 1: lot of examples out there in nature that would kind 185 00:10:54,600 --> 00:11:00,000 Speaker 1: of um the lie Dr roberts idea that the animals 186 00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:02,040 Speaker 1: their dogs are stuck in time. Well, a good one 187 00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:07,880 Speaker 1: is squirrels foraging food store for the winner and doing 188 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:11,480 Speaker 1: it year after year after year. Um. I believe Roberts 189 00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:16,079 Speaker 1: actually addressed that and says, but they continue hoarding even 190 00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:20,960 Speaker 1: when their stores inexplicably disappear, which I assume some researchers 191 00:11:20,960 --> 00:11:24,480 Speaker 1: went and stole squirrels nuts and then uh studied them 192 00:11:24,480 --> 00:11:26,480 Speaker 1: to see what they would do. I don't understand that 193 00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:28,280 Speaker 1: at all. I don't either. Seems like they would that 194 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:31,240 Speaker 1: would make them want to hoard. Yeah, so I kind 195 00:11:31,280 --> 00:11:33,600 Speaker 1: of have an issue with that one a little bit, 196 00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:36,560 Speaker 1: but it's possible. I'm not entirely seeing that point all 197 00:11:36,559 --> 00:11:38,440 Speaker 1: the way. I don't see the point. I'm not quite 198 00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:41,840 Speaker 1: sure what what he meant there. But um, there's also 199 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:44,800 Speaker 1: one about the bananas, right, Chuck. There's there were some 200 00:11:44,840 --> 00:11:48,199 Speaker 1: primates that were given choices between more or less bananas, 201 00:11:48,679 --> 00:11:52,360 Speaker 1: and predictably, at first, if you offered an ape one 202 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:54,760 Speaker 1: banana or two bananas, they're gonna take the two bananas. 203 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:57,760 Speaker 1: But they found that when they started increasing the number 204 00:11:57,760 --> 00:12:01,640 Speaker 1: of bananas, like ten compare to twenty, they would just 205 00:12:01,679 --> 00:12:04,000 Speaker 1: go for the tin bananas, they wouldn't he and he 206 00:12:04,080 --> 00:12:08,400 Speaker 1: thought this meant they can't, Uh, they have no concept 207 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:10,679 Speaker 1: of the future, Like maybe I should take these bananas 208 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:13,800 Speaker 1: because I might be hungry tomorrow right now. That's um 209 00:12:13,920 --> 00:12:18,560 Speaker 1: that I think Roberts fails to take into account social structure. Right. Uh. 210 00:12:18,679 --> 00:12:21,760 Speaker 1: We we know that we could use tim bananas for tomorrow, 211 00:12:22,080 --> 00:12:26,000 Speaker 1: but we also have things like um preservation techniques or 212 00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:28,640 Speaker 1: refrigeration available. That's what I thought. And if you go 213 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:32,280 Speaker 1: back in time just a few thousand years ago, UM 214 00:12:32,320 --> 00:12:35,840 Speaker 1: to hunter gatherer societies or even hunter gatherer societies that 215 00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:38,559 Speaker 1: are around now, they don't store food at all. They 216 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:41,600 Speaker 1: forage for what they need right then, and that's what 217 00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:44,760 Speaker 1: they eat. I would imagine that that would actually explain 218 00:12:44,800 --> 00:12:48,720 Speaker 1: a lot of the primate decisions. There's no real reason 219 00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:53,160 Speaker 1: to their society isn't set up on this idea that 220 00:12:53,360 --> 00:12:55,679 Speaker 1: I need more and more to protect myself in the 221 00:12:55,679 --> 00:12:59,040 Speaker 1: future exactly. I don't know that that necessarily means that 222 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:01,800 Speaker 1: they don't have any concept of the future. I think 223 00:13:01,840 --> 00:13:04,600 Speaker 1: that there's all these other explanations out there, right, and 224 00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 1: they made like one I was. When I read that, 225 00:13:06,679 --> 00:13:09,360 Speaker 1: the first thing I thought was, maybe they're not they've 226 00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:11,560 Speaker 1: never taken more than tin bananas in their life because 227 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:14,120 Speaker 1: they've never needed to, so it doesn't even dawn on 228 00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:16,400 Speaker 1: them that that should be something they would do exactly. 229 00:13:16,559 --> 00:13:18,400 Speaker 1: I guess what we're saying, both of us around the 230 00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:21,560 Speaker 1: same page here. There are other explanations, and I think 231 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:24,120 Speaker 1: one of the things I took from this article was that, uh, 232 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:27,680 Speaker 1: Roberts found it conclusive that animals are stuck in time 233 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:31,360 Speaker 1: by cherry picking some uh some studies here, and we 234 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:33,320 Speaker 1: we kind of disagree with them. There's a lot of 235 00:13:33,360 --> 00:13:35,480 Speaker 1: other factors. I know that my dog Lucy is stuck 236 00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:39,160 Speaker 1: in time at five thirty pm every day because she's 237 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:43,480 Speaker 1: always asking for the food. So I guess another problem. 238 00:13:43,480 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: It's entirely possible check that we're Our brains just aren't 239 00:13:46,160 --> 00:13:51,000 Speaker 1: big enough to uh they're not as big as Robert's brain. Maybe, Um, 240 00:13:51,679 --> 00:13:54,160 Speaker 1: did you ever hear that like goldfish have an eight 241 00:13:54,200 --> 00:13:57,800 Speaker 1: second memory span. I've never heard that, so I have 242 00:13:58,200 --> 00:13:59,920 Speaker 1: a right you have a goldfish and you have a 243 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:04,040 Speaker 1: old fish here. Yeah, Molly, she's very cute his name, Molly. 244 00:14:04,040 --> 00:14:08,560 Speaker 1: I didn't know that interesting. UM, But having an episodic 245 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:13,240 Speaker 1: memory makes it almost impossible to think about UM not 246 00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:16,040 Speaker 1: having one. So like, if a goldfish does have a 247 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:18,480 Speaker 1: memory of eight seconds, does that mean that every eight 248 00:14:18,480 --> 00:14:21,120 Speaker 1: seconds all of its memories are purged, like getting rid 249 00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:25,400 Speaker 1: of the browser history in your computer? Um? Or as 250 00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:29,080 Speaker 1: new experiences come into the present, are older ones pushed 251 00:14:29,120 --> 00:14:32,520 Speaker 1: out after they hit this eight second maturity level? And 252 00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:34,600 Speaker 1: how how do they test that on a goldfish? Anyway? 253 00:14:34,920 --> 00:14:40,880 Speaker 1: Perfect chuck, perfect segue. Here's the biggest problem. Robert's position 254 00:14:41,200 --> 00:14:45,680 Speaker 1: is almost inherently species ist. You're familiar with this term, Ye, 255 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,400 Speaker 1: this is a legitimate term. I'm not making this up. Animals. 256 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:53,160 Speaker 1: Animals don't have souls. It's impossible for an like a 257 00:14:53,200 --> 00:14:57,040 Speaker 1: dog to be happy because that's the secondary emotions aren't 258 00:14:57,040 --> 00:15:00,680 Speaker 1: self aware enough. There's a competing explo nation for all 259 00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:06,000 Speaker 1: this UM. Species is tend to rely very strictly or 260 00:15:06,080 --> 00:15:09,840 Speaker 1: remain very strictly within the structure UM provided by the 261 00:15:09,880 --> 00:15:12,800 Speaker 1: scientific method and all his studies here, he probably came 262 00:15:12,800 --> 00:15:15,560 Speaker 1: out from that frame of mind. Sure right, UM, But 263 00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:17,680 Speaker 1: there's another way of looking at it, and that is 264 00:15:17,720 --> 00:15:20,520 Speaker 1: that humans simply haven't come up with tests that are 265 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:25,840 Speaker 1: clever enough to get definitive proof that an animal can 266 00:15:25,960 --> 00:15:29,800 Speaker 1: experience happiness, or can or is aware of time, the future, 267 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:32,120 Speaker 1: of the past, that kind of thing. You can take 268 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:35,400 Speaker 1: that way too far, like after you know, test after 269 00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:38,720 Speaker 1: test after test that proves the opposite, you could still 270 00:15:38,760 --> 00:15:41,200 Speaker 1: conceivably say, well, there's a test out there that that 271 00:15:41,240 --> 00:15:44,800 Speaker 1: we haven't come up with yet that proves that they can. Um. 272 00:15:44,880 --> 00:15:47,080 Speaker 1: But I think that the testing that has been done 273 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:51,200 Speaker 1: is very much below that threshold so far. I don't 274 00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:55,640 Speaker 1: think we have a clue, um what what animals are 275 00:15:55,680 --> 00:15:57,960 Speaker 1: capable of as far as consciousness, because because we have 276 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,480 Speaker 1: such a loose grasp on our own consciousness, sure, and 277 00:16:00,520 --> 00:16:03,520 Speaker 1: we can't uh certainly can't delve into an animal's brain 278 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:05,720 Speaker 1: and see what they think and they can't tell us anything. 279 00:16:05,920 --> 00:16:08,400 Speaker 1: I guarantee you one thing. I bet you. Dr Roberts 280 00:16:08,520 --> 00:16:13,400 Speaker 1: is not a dog owner, agreed, Agreed, because you have dogs, dude, 281 00:16:13,480 --> 00:16:15,840 Speaker 1: And I guarantee you we're going to get tons of 282 00:16:15,880 --> 00:16:19,120 Speaker 1: mail from people saying, are you kidding? My dog displays 283 00:16:19,160 --> 00:16:22,120 Speaker 1: emotion every day? And you know, I guess Caesar that 284 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:24,800 Speaker 1: the dog whisperer might say, you know, that's you're putting 285 00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:27,680 Speaker 1: your human construct on the dogs. From my mind, yeah, 286 00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,720 Speaker 1: anthrow anthropomorphizing. Yeah, I don't know, man, my dog is 287 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:36,560 Speaker 1: that they're both pretty emotional. Well yeah, anthropomorphizing is the 288 00:16:36,640 --> 00:16:40,560 Speaker 1: go to ammunition for species ists, and I don't want, 289 00:16:40,560 --> 00:16:43,080 Speaker 1: I don't mean to say that anybody who's saying like, no, 290 00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:46,480 Speaker 1: animals can't be happy because it's secondary emotion and they 291 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:48,880 Speaker 1: lack that sense of self awareness that is required to 292 00:16:48,920 --> 00:16:53,040 Speaker 1: experience this, uh, secondary emotion is a species ist, But 293 00:16:53,520 --> 00:16:55,640 Speaker 1: the too often go hand in hand. And it's really 294 00:16:55,680 --> 00:16:59,200 Speaker 1: interesting that there's a line drawn right now between people 295 00:16:59,320 --> 00:17:03,200 Speaker 1: who think animals don't have a soul and people who 296 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:07,160 Speaker 1: think animals can be happy and all the implications that 297 00:17:07,359 --> 00:17:09,880 Speaker 1: come with that. Jerry, I bet you think your dog 298 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,919 Speaker 1: is a soul? Right, Jerry saying yeah, just gave the 299 00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:16,440 Speaker 1: sweetest face and nodded yes, yes, So, um, I feel 300 00:17:16,480 --> 00:17:19,000 Speaker 1: like chuck and I just opened a big old canned worms. 301 00:17:19,080 --> 00:17:21,960 Speaker 1: So we'll see how this plays out in the emails. Right, 302 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:25,000 Speaker 1: If you want to read more about dogs perceiving, time 303 00:17:25,520 --> 00:17:29,240 Speaker 1: to answer the question. According to Roberts, no, dogs don't 304 00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,480 Speaker 1: perceive time times a human construct consisting of a past 305 00:17:32,520 --> 00:17:35,240 Speaker 1: president in future and dogs pretty much living the present. 306 00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:38,440 Speaker 1: Chuck and I don't necessarily agree with that one. Uh. 307 00:17:38,480 --> 00:17:41,560 Speaker 1: You can go on in type in dogs perceived time 308 00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:45,080 Speaker 1: in the handy search bar at how stuff works dot com. 309 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:47,320 Speaker 1: Since I just said that, it means it's time for 310 00:17:47,359 --> 00:17:54,679 Speaker 1: a whole mess of listener mail. You're right, Josh, this 311 00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:57,920 Speaker 1: is uh We're just gonna call this muppet mail, and 312 00:17:57,960 --> 00:18:00,320 Speaker 1: we are gonna go on a little longer than usual 313 00:18:00,359 --> 00:18:03,600 Speaker 1: with our mail because the Muppet podcast, I think we 314 00:18:03,640 --> 00:18:07,760 Speaker 1: will all agree, um was sort of a ce change episode. 315 00:18:08,119 --> 00:18:10,359 Speaker 1: And plus we just want to see how how long 316 00:18:10,480 --> 00:18:12,960 Speaker 1: this background music actually goes for it, I know, I 317 00:18:12,960 --> 00:18:15,959 Speaker 1: mean we we literally got better response from the Muppet 318 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:19,280 Speaker 1: Show episode than uh, anything we've ever done, I would say, 319 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:22,960 Speaker 1: wouldn't you. Yeah, the Henson company twittered about it. Yeah, 320 00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:26,919 Speaker 1: Heather Henson, we should say. Our colleague and friend, Jonathan 321 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:32,080 Speaker 1: Strickland of tech Stuff came his uh sister sister friends 322 00:18:32,080 --> 00:18:35,639 Speaker 1: who with Heather Henson, and it went viral thanks to him. Yeah, 323 00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:39,159 Speaker 1: that's awesome. So we got great response. It's clear that 324 00:18:39,200 --> 00:18:41,960 Speaker 1: everyone loves the Muppets and uh so I wanted to 325 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:43,480 Speaker 1: go just through a few of these because I didn't 326 00:18:43,480 --> 00:18:46,879 Speaker 1: want to just do one um quickly before we start, 327 00:18:47,080 --> 00:18:49,840 Speaker 1: and we never do this, but a guy sent me 328 00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:52,080 Speaker 1: an email and I kind of touched a chord with me. 329 00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:56,119 Speaker 1: So I want to quickly give a shout out for 330 00:18:56,119 --> 00:19:00,520 Speaker 1: for Joe to Beth in Ellwood, Indiana and just wants 331 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:02,640 Speaker 1: to say that he thinks that you are a pretty 332 00:19:02,680 --> 00:19:06,840 Speaker 1: cool chick. Beth, Chuck, are you playing matchmaker? Is that 333 00:19:06,880 --> 00:19:08,720 Speaker 1: why you're wearing nothing but a diaper and you have 334 00:19:08,840 --> 00:19:12,160 Speaker 1: those wings? And not saying but Beth and Elwood, Joe, 335 00:19:12,320 --> 00:19:14,520 Speaker 1: Joe thinks your cool chicken. So the week because she 336 00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:17,920 Speaker 1: actually sent us a alien han syndrome video which rocked cool. 337 00:19:18,080 --> 00:19:21,119 Speaker 1: That's good, I'll show it to you quick. A couple 338 00:19:21,119 --> 00:19:24,040 Speaker 1: of things that we didn't mention in corrections. First of all, Um, 339 00:19:24,080 --> 00:19:28,360 Speaker 1: I mistakenly refer to the Children's Television Workshop as the 340 00:19:28,480 --> 00:19:31,520 Speaker 1: Children's Television Network, so I goove that one you're thinking 341 00:19:31,520 --> 00:19:36,000 Speaker 1: of home shopping that kids. We did not mention every 342 00:19:36,080 --> 00:19:39,479 Speaker 1: Muppet movie. We did not mention every Muppet venture because 343 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:42,320 Speaker 1: no want I want to halicitate on this. We did 344 00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:45,240 Speaker 1: that on purpose. First of all, we mentioned the three 345 00:19:45,320 --> 00:19:49,200 Speaker 1: that were in theatrical Elite release directed by Jim Henson. Yes, 346 00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:53,160 Speaker 1: and by first of all, I mean that's it right right. 347 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:55,280 Speaker 1: So a lot of people said, how could you not 348 00:19:55,320 --> 00:19:58,360 Speaker 1: mention Muppets Christmas Carol? And we wanted to mention everything, 349 00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:01,880 Speaker 1: but we were just been sitting here reading things all 350 00:20:01,960 --> 00:20:05,520 Speaker 1: day long about the Dark Crystal and other Muppet ventures. 351 00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:08,000 Speaker 1: So we chose to only do the Hinson ones. Would 352 00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:11,800 Speaker 1: Crystal creeps out and that was Hinton too, because I 353 00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:13,200 Speaker 1: know people are gonna write and say that was Hinson, 354 00:20:13,240 --> 00:20:16,040 Speaker 1: but get over. Uh. We had a gun in. Peter 355 00:20:16,119 --> 00:20:20,200 Speaker 1: wrote in and he told us about the Muppet Whatnot Workshop. Yeah, 356 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:25,959 Speaker 1: and um and uh, and you can go to New 357 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:27,680 Speaker 1: York City and you could do it online. But I 358 00:20:27,800 --> 00:20:30,200 Speaker 1: looked and it's down right now. But it's just around 359 00:20:30,240 --> 00:20:32,560 Speaker 1: Christmas time or the holidays. No, they got bought out 360 00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:34,679 Speaker 1: by Toys r Us. I think, so that's down right now. 361 00:20:34,720 --> 00:20:36,239 Speaker 1: But you can still go to New York. You can 362 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:38,080 Speaker 1: go to the Muppet Workshop and you can build your 363 00:20:38,080 --> 00:20:42,400 Speaker 1: own whatnot at Goldman says it costs about a hundred bucks. 364 00:20:42,520 --> 00:20:44,240 Speaker 1: And he sent me a picture of he and his 365 00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: little cute daughter with her Muppet whatnot. So you want 366 00:20:47,040 --> 00:20:50,159 Speaker 1: to thank Peter for that? And actually I'm going on 367 00:20:50,240 --> 00:20:53,240 Speaker 1: and on, but Peter had one of the big food 368 00:20:53,280 --> 00:20:55,639 Speaker 1: and chow mustaches like me, Yeah, I'll tell you about this, 369 00:20:56,320 --> 00:20:59,119 Speaker 1: And I said, uh, very cool, Peter, thanks for sending this. 370 00:20:59,160 --> 00:21:00,719 Speaker 1: I said, it looks like you picked up a mustache 371 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:03,159 Speaker 1: while you were there. And he wrote back and said, no, 372 00:21:03,320 --> 00:21:06,840 Speaker 1: I got that at the Sam Elliott. Uh Sam Elliott 373 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:12,879 Speaker 1: Supply Center down the street or something like that, Peter. Um, 374 00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:15,280 Speaker 1: So that is all for the corrections. Now we have 375 00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:18,560 Speaker 1: a few emails. Um, Josh and Chuck had just listen 376 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:20,679 Speaker 1: to how Muppets worked. I was excited to hear you 377 00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:22,879 Speaker 1: talk about it because you mentioned the costume designer from 378 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:25,680 Speaker 1: Miss Piggie, who happens to be my aunt Callista. Oh 379 00:21:26,920 --> 00:21:29,080 Speaker 1: she uh. If you look up the Muppet movie you 380 00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:31,320 Speaker 1: can see her in the costume and war Dube department 381 00:21:31,359 --> 00:21:34,600 Speaker 1: on IMDb. She worked closely with Henson and I've actually 382 00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:37,080 Speaker 1: seen a picture of her with Jim Henson setting up 383 00:21:37,080 --> 00:21:41,400 Speaker 1: some Muppets and Emmett Hotter's jug band Christmas. She left 384 00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:43,240 Speaker 1: the Muppets, I think when Jim Henson died, but we 385 00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:46,639 Speaker 1: still see her once a year. That's from Sam and 386 00:21:46,720 --> 00:21:50,320 Speaker 1: Josh is in fact eating a Reese's cup. Uh onto 387 00:21:50,359 --> 00:21:53,080 Speaker 1: the next one. Hi, guys, I love your recent podcast. 388 00:21:53,640 --> 00:21:55,520 Speaker 1: I was listening and thought I would mention that Jim 389 00:21:55,560 --> 00:21:59,199 Speaker 1: Henson studied mumpetology at University of Maryland. I know this 390 00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:02,080 Speaker 1: because I went there, and there is a Jim Hinton 391 00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:06,919 Speaker 1: studies program, and it is our claim to fame. Um, 392 00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:08,520 Speaker 1: I didn't know he went to my school until I 393 00:22:08,560 --> 00:22:13,240 Speaker 1: went there. And there's actually a little a bitch statue. 394 00:22:13,240 --> 00:22:15,600 Speaker 1: It's a bench with Hinton sitting on it and Kermit 395 00:22:15,680 --> 00:22:17,159 Speaker 1: sitting on the back of the bench and they're kind 396 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:20,560 Speaker 1: of holding hands. That is beyond It is very cute. 397 00:22:20,600 --> 00:22:22,760 Speaker 1: So and and she also says that, um, this is 398 00:22:22,800 --> 00:22:26,120 Speaker 1: from Lesia that they have the rights to. It ain't 399 00:22:26,160 --> 00:22:29,560 Speaker 1: easy being Green and Rainbow Connection. So their marching band 400 00:22:29,600 --> 00:22:33,640 Speaker 1: actually plays that the University of Maryland. Yeah, go turps, 401 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:40,679 Speaker 1: moving on, man, listen to this background music, Chuck, I know, 402 00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:42,760 Speaker 1: I know, I know. We compared him up and showed 403 00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:46,119 Speaker 1: a thirty rock and Phil of Lyndon Washington has this 404 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:49,160 Speaker 1: to say, Um, I was trying to imagine Sesame Street 405 00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:51,080 Speaker 1: would look like in real life. Two little boys getting 406 00:22:51,080 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: their own apartment, A giant bird that sleeps behind garbage cans, 407 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:58,159 Speaker 1: a few scattered, seemingly sensible adults who really have no 408 00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:00,760 Speaker 1: jobs and nothing else to do. No Mr Hooper at 409 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:04,240 Speaker 1: a story. Finally, it hit me while working my job 410 00:23:04,400 --> 00:23:07,360 Speaker 1: as a special led classroom assistant. It is one big, 411 00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:11,040 Speaker 1: government operated group home facility for special needs children. Adults 412 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:15,360 Speaker 1: think about it. Bert displays classic Asperger syndrome. They share 413 00:23:15,359 --> 00:23:17,919 Speaker 1: a bedroom, uh, and obviously have some adults taking care 414 00:23:17,920 --> 00:23:21,159 Speaker 1: of the rest of their house. Oscar is schizophrenic with 415 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:23,240 Speaker 1: his mood swings, and a worm is a best friend 416 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:26,680 Speaker 1: as his big bird with his imaginary friend. Uh is 417 00:23:26,720 --> 00:23:30,480 Speaker 1: it snepe lupocus? And uh tell me Grover's not dealing 418 00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:33,040 Speaker 1: with severe a d h D and cookie monster from 419 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:37,159 Speaker 1: manic bipolar tendencies. And the jobless adults Gordon, Susan and 420 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:42,000 Speaker 1: Bob so that's from Phil are the jobless adults the caregivers? 421 00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:48,320 Speaker 1: He says her jobless adults. I've got two more. Uh. 422 00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:50,240 Speaker 1: Jerry's laughing at how long this is going, but I 423 00:23:50,280 --> 00:23:52,960 Speaker 1: warned her I was listening to your fantastic podcast and 424 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:55,720 Speaker 1: I had to write in I am getting married at 425 00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:59,600 Speaker 1: the Hinton sound stage next year. That's so cool. Uh. 426 00:23:59,640 --> 00:24:01,680 Speaker 1: He and his wife to be toward the sound stage. 427 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:03,560 Speaker 1: It was like being behind the scenes of the Muppet Show. 428 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:06,600 Speaker 1: We're honored as the first wedding ever to be hosted there. 429 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:08,560 Speaker 1: And I asked him a running backs, like, dude, what's 430 00:24:08,560 --> 00:24:11,560 Speaker 1: the hook up? You know? He had none. He just asked, Huh. 431 00:24:11,680 --> 00:24:13,679 Speaker 1: They rented out to people apparently for things, and no 432 00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:15,919 Speaker 1: one's ever thought to have a wedding the round. And 433 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:18,000 Speaker 1: that is from he gave us some facts, but we 434 00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:22,000 Speaker 1: have time for that. That is from Dan and of 435 00:24:22,280 --> 00:24:26,680 Speaker 1: t d f Illustration dot Com because he's a cool artist. 436 00:24:26,760 --> 00:24:31,040 Speaker 1: I wanted to plug that from Dan and finally Josh 437 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:34,520 Speaker 1: from Jake in Newport Richie, Florida says, I was an 438 00:24:34,560 --> 00:24:37,080 Speaker 1: accident of the eighties and I missed them up at 439 00:24:37,119 --> 00:24:38,760 Speaker 1: hey Day, but I was lucky enough to have three 440 00:24:38,760 --> 00:24:42,000 Speaker 1: older sisters and parents who had the foresight to ensure 441 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:44,960 Speaker 1: that they taped several seasons of the Muppet Show. So 442 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:47,399 Speaker 1: Jake is a big fan of the Muppets now and 443 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:49,280 Speaker 1: he told us this fact, which I did not know 444 00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:53,280 Speaker 1: since Jim Henson's death, Ralph the Dog has not spoken 445 00:24:53,320 --> 00:24:56,080 Speaker 1: and is seldom used. And it's my understanding that they 446 00:24:56,119 --> 00:24:58,840 Speaker 1: do this out of reverence to Mr Henson because Ralph 447 00:24:58,880 --> 00:25:02,680 Speaker 1: was his favorite Muppet. Oh yeah, yeah, check this wiped 448 00:25:02,720 --> 00:25:06,160 Speaker 1: away here, you sweet old softie. So that's muppet mail. 449 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,440 Speaker 1: We got hundreds of pieces of mail and good blog 450 00:25:09,520 --> 00:25:11,720 Speaker 1: response and you thanks for sending them. And it was 451 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,360 Speaker 1: a good show. Yeah, and we'll try to keep you 452 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:17,720 Speaker 1: supplied with more good shows in the future. If you 453 00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:20,040 Speaker 1: want to send an email and try to make Chuck cry, 454 00:25:20,240 --> 00:25:24,040 Speaker 1: it's not that hard. You can send it to Stuff 455 00:25:24,320 --> 00:25:31,959 Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com for more on 456 00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:34,440 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff 457 00:25:34,440 --> 00:25:38,040 Speaker 1: works dot com. Want more how stuff works, check out 458 00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:40,600 Speaker 1: our blogs on the house stuff works dot com home page. 459 00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:46,119 Speaker 1: M brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 460 00:25:46,440 --> 00:25:47,640 Speaker 1: It's ready, are you