WEBVTT - Selects: What Makes Lead So Poisonous?

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, friends, it's Joshuam For this week's SYSK Selects. I've

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<v Speaker 1>chosen what makes Lead So Poisonous for twenty sixteen episode

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<v Speaker 1>that was recorded around the time of the Flint Water crisis,

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<v Speaker 1>which apparently is still going on. Sadly, this episode is

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<v Speaker 1>one of those ones that's filled with science culture, history,

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<v Speaker 1>all that stuff. So I hope you really like it.

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<v Speaker 1>It's a good one.

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<v Speaker 2>Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with

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<v Speaker 1>Charles W Chuck Bryant, and Jerry's to my right. So

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<v Speaker 1>this is the stuff you should know.

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<v Speaker 2>It's right recording in a new pop up restaurant called

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<v Speaker 2>Jerry's Burrito Check.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, Jerry's eating a burrito right now, A frozen one.

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<v Speaker 1>I guess right. You didn't make that from scratch fresh

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<v Speaker 1>Jerry frozen burrito's fine with me, though, Yeah, some of them.

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<v Speaker 1>Nothing wrong with any frozen burrito ever created.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I mean there's this. They're very specific, you know.

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, it's not like a fresh burrito, but it's

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<v Speaker 2>its own thing that's still good.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, this should call it like a retete or something

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<v Speaker 1>weird like that something that differentiate it. You know, I

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<v Speaker 1>agree with you, man.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but man, sometimes when that reefred bean pops out

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<v Speaker 2>and burns your mouth, yeah, that's just the best.

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<v Speaker 1>You have a hole in your in your on your

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<v Speaker 1>gums for a couple of days. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>I'll throw a little cheese on top too, to cool

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<v Speaker 2>it in the oven. No, to melt on top.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh that's an enchilada then, Oh.

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<v Speaker 2>Not really.

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<v Speaker 1>I think the enchilada makes the it's the sauce, right, Yeah, okay, that's.

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<v Speaker 2>What I'll say, swimming in sauce.

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<v Speaker 1>All right, enchilada sauce.

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<v Speaker 2>This may be your best intro yet Oa Chuck.

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<v Speaker 1>We're talking about lead today, that's right. Do you know

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<v Speaker 1>much about the Flint, Michigan lead poisoning scandal that happened

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<v Speaker 1>I should say blemish.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I posted about it on our Facebook call a

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<v Speaker 2>couple of months ago and sort of was a part

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<v Speaker 2>of a lively discussion there. But only from that and

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<v Speaker 2>then this research.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, same here. I mean I was aware of it,

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<v Speaker 1>kind of, I didn't understand the details.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, But for those of.

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<v Speaker 1>You who don't who don't know about the Flint, Michigan

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<v Speaker 1>water poisoning, but Flint Michigan has faced a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>problems since the auto industry went away, but one of

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<v Speaker 1>them wasn't poor water quality. They actually, the people of

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<v Speaker 1>Flint actually paid i think the highest rate or among

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<v Speaker 1>the highest rates in the country to get their water.

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<v Speaker 1>Their water was pumped from Lake hereon through Detroit, and

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<v Speaker 1>Flint bought their water from Detroit.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, get that good, clean Detroit water.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, You know you're in a pickle when you're buying

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<v Speaker 1>water from Detroit and that's the healthy water.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>So they're building a new pipeline from Lake Huron that

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<v Speaker 1>goes around Detroit, and Flint said we're going to get

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<v Speaker 1>in on that action. And Detroit said, oh yeah, well

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<v Speaker 1>we're can't linger contract. Rather than pay for a short

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<v Speaker 1>term contract with Detroit, the emergency manager, the basically the

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<v Speaker 1>emergency mayor appointed by the governor himself, said we're just

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<v Speaker 1>going to tap into the Flint River.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Not a good idea, as it turned out.

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<v Speaker 1>No, it's not because in Flint, Michigan, they were, among

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<v Speaker 1>other places, something called Buick City. Buick City was a

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<v Speaker 1>four hundred plus acre car manufacturing plant that made buicks,

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<v Speaker 1>and it really heavily polluted the river. So much so

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<v Speaker 1>that people in Flint, after just a few months of

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<v Speaker 1>drinking this water from the tap, started losing their hair.

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<v Speaker 2>Well right away. They said, this looks and taste awful.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, It's tastes of chlorine. And the reason it tasted

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<v Speaker 1>of chlorin is because there were e Coli break outbreaks

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<v Speaker 1>that they had to like treat the water with chlorine.

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<v Speaker 1>And then it also to some people it smelled like

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<v Speaker 1>sulfury as well. It looked, but people started losing hair,

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<v Speaker 1>started getting rashes. There there was one kid who had

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<v Speaker 1>an autoimmune disease already. He just stopped growing, and it

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<v Speaker 1>was it was bad news. But the people of Flint,

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<v Speaker 1>the Flint government, and the Michigan Environmental Protection Division basically

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<v Speaker 1>said no, we're following all the laws. Everything's fine with

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<v Speaker 1>the water. Just go back to sleep. Flint and Flint

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<v Speaker 1>did something different. A bunch of them taught themselves the

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<v Speaker 1>science of like water and sanitation and the drinking water laws.

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<v Speaker 1>They became basically citizen scientists, and they took it back

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<v Speaker 1>to the Flint government and the state government and said,

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<v Speaker 1>you guys are wrong. This is toxic water and we're

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<v Speaker 1>being poisoned, and you have to do something about it,

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<v Speaker 1>and they finally did well.

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<v Speaker 2>And I think the issue was don't play dumb. We know,

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<v Speaker 2>you know, like why are you making us tell you exactly?

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<v Speaker 1>And they kept that. Apparently the company line was no

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<v Speaker 1>that here's the science here, here the results of the tests.

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<v Speaker 1>But the tests were terrible. And if you want to

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<v Speaker 1>know all about it, there's a really really great article

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<v Speaker 1>on five point thirty eight dot com called what went

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<v Speaker 1>Wrong in Flint, and it just really chronicles everything very well.

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<v Speaker 1>But the big problem with Flint isn't that there was

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<v Speaker 1>chlorine in the water. It was that there was a

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<v Speaker 1>bunch of lead in the water.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>And the reason why there's a bunch of lead in

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<v Speaker 1>the water is because there's lead pipes going to a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of houses in Flint, and the water that was

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<v Speaker 1>being pumped through those pipes was so corrosive that it

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<v Speaker 1>was bringing a bunch of lead with it and poisoning

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<v Speaker 1>the city of Flint for months.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. And the reason people use lead in pipes is

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<v Speaker 2>because it's not corrosive. Corrosive, that's how coros the water was. Yeah, exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>That really says something, it really does, And I guess

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<v Speaker 2>we'll loop back later and talk about the lawsuits and

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<v Speaker 2>all that stuff. Sure that sound good.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I think that's a great idea, kind of bookend it.

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<v Speaker 1>But let's talk about lead itself, like, what's the problem

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<v Speaker 1>with lead? Where did it come from? And that whole

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<v Speaker 1>idea of using lead pipes is nothing new either, It's

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<v Speaker 1>actually pretty old, to tell you the truth.

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<v Speaker 2>Uh yeah, lad Well, the Romans, of course, were the

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<v Speaker 2>first to do almost everything, either Asians or Romans.

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<v Speaker 1>Sure, well, I don't know Africa, that's true. Yeah, so

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<v Speaker 1>basically everybody except except Europe as the migration expanded exactly,

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<v Speaker 1>And don't forget all the innovations going on in meso

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<v Speaker 1>America as well.

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<v Speaker 2>Shout out to anyone who came before us. But it's

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<v Speaker 2>been going on since ancient times. Romans using lead as

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<v Speaker 2>lead piping for sewage draining and carrying water, even stored

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<v Speaker 2>water and containers lined with lead. And in fact, this

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<v Speaker 2>is pretty interesting. I think the English word for plumbing

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<v Speaker 2>and the chemical symbol pb that is led, comes from

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<v Speaker 2>the Latin word plumb bumb. Now plumb bumb is is

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<v Speaker 2>that plumber's crack?

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<v Speaker 1>Oh nice? If it wasn't it is officially now.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, my friend Eddie. His young daughter asked him

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<v Speaker 2>what plumbers crack? What was the other day and he said,

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<v Speaker 2>I said, what did you tell her? And he said, well,

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<v Speaker 2>you know told her what it was. He said, sometimes

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<v Speaker 2>plumbers they bend over a lot because pipes are below you,

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<v Speaker 2>and sometimes their pants sag a little. Then you see

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<v Speaker 2>their butt crack. Yeah, and she went, oh, okay.

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<v Speaker 1>The only thing I take issue with is the use

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<v Speaker 1>of the words.

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<v Speaker 2>Sometimes yeah, right all the times.

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<v Speaker 1>Other than that is a great explanation.

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<v Speaker 2>So the Latin plumb bomb, which means lead.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, which that has been mysterious to me for many decades.

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<v Speaker 1>PEB doesn't make any sense, Like why would they call

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<v Speaker 1>it PB?

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's peani.

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<v Speaker 1>Lead right, and PB is you'll find it on the

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<v Speaker 1>periodic table. And the reason you'll find it on the

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<v Speaker 1>periodic table is because lead is an element, a heavy metal,

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<v Speaker 1>and it has all sorts of properties that make it

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<v Speaker 1>very desirable.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, really unique too, although.

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<v Speaker 1>Super super toxic as well.

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<v Speaker 2>Find Yeah, it's not often you can find something that

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<v Speaker 2>is super malleable and soft but also strong and dense.

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<v Speaker 1>Exactly, which makes lead perfect for water pipes. Yeah, because

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<v Speaker 1>it's also it also resists corrosion, Like you said, so

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<v Speaker 1>you can run water through it, and as long as

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<v Speaker 1>the water is not super bad, the the lead won't rust.

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<v Speaker 1>It will leach lead into the water, but it still

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<v Speaker 1>won't rust, right, right. So it's also not very good

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<v Speaker 1>at conducting electricity, which makes lead very useful for other

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<v Speaker 1>things like soldering electrical connections. The electrical connection will remain

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<v Speaker 1>the thing that transmits the current, the lead won't. It's

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<v Speaker 1>pretty awesome.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, did you say soldier solder? Solder? Yeah, never heard

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<v Speaker 2>it pronounce that way.

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<v Speaker 1>How do you say it, solder solder? You gotta say

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<v Speaker 1>that l.

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<v Speaker 2>I think the el silent unless it's regional.

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<v Speaker 1>Maybe regional regional to my brain, I think solder.

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<v Speaker 2>You said that because you're from Toedo.

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<v Speaker 1>Right. So the use of the use of leg goes

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<v Speaker 1>back even before the Romans. Actually, but it first appeared

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<v Speaker 1>mostly in art like lead paint.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it wasn't like it They described in the articles

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<v Speaker 2>a novelty, and it was apparently it makes colors more

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<v Speaker 2>vibrant and it's less corrosive, which is why you still,

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<v Speaker 2>even in the United States, see lead paint on street

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<v Speaker 2>signs because it's less corrosive. Oh really, Yeah, that's what

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<v Speaker 2>they say. It's still used on signs.

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<v Speaker 1>Supposedly up until as recently as the nineties, and it

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<v Speaker 1>may still be going on depending on the country that

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<v Speaker 1>it's produced.

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<v Speaker 2>In.

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<v Speaker 1>The ink on the outside of a plastic bread bag

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<v Speaker 1>frequently has lead in it, or it used to, really,

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<v Speaker 1>and it wasn't a problem unless the somebody kept the

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<v Speaker 1>bread bag and turned it inside out to store food in.

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<v Speaker 1>Then that food leached the lead out of the ink.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh wow, it was actually like a big problem for

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<v Speaker 1>a while.

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<v Speaker 2>Huh.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, I'm not sure that it is anymore. I couldn't

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<v Speaker 1>find anything recent. The most recent thing I saw was

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen ninety one saying that, yeah, it still happens, right.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, it's less expensive as a paint, which is another reason,

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<v Speaker 2>and the colors are more vivid apparently. But this hasn't

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<v Speaker 2>been a problem in the US for a while. But

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<v Speaker 2>in China they still use a lot of lead in paint,

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<v Speaker 2>and in two thousand and seven there were massive recalls

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<v Speaker 2>for everything from Dora the Explorer toys to Sesame Street

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<v Speaker 2>toys due to the fact that they had lead paint

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<v Speaker 2>on them and little kids put everything in their mouths,

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<v Speaker 2>including their toys because they're big dummies and they end

0:10:33.280 --> 0:10:35.960
<v Speaker 2>up eating lead, which is a big problem. So there

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<v Speaker 2>was a massive recall of Chinese products in nineteen ninety

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<v Speaker 2>seven because of this.

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<v Speaker 1>No, it was two thousand and seven.

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<v Speaker 2>What I say, ninety seven?

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, you're hearkening back even further to the Urban Dance

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<v Speaker 1>Squad days.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, did you look them up?

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<v Speaker 1>No?

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<v Speaker 2>Oh, man, you're missing out.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think that's true.

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<v Speaker 2>Really, Yeah, why just because I like them now?

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<v Speaker 1>I remember them vaguely. Oh yeah, it wasn't like i'd

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<v Speaker 1>never heard of the Urban Dance Squad. No, you have

0:11:03.520 --> 0:11:04.679
<v Speaker 1>good taste of music.

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<v Speaker 2>Mental flows for the globe. Great, like a legitimately great album.

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<v Speaker 1>Of all right, I'll look it up. I'll look it up.

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<v Speaker 2>It's just weird that you say. You think you're not

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<v Speaker 2>missing out?

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<v Speaker 1>No, No, because I mean again, I remember Urban Dance

0:11:16.440 --> 0:11:18.560
<v Speaker 1>Squad for some reason. I put them in line with

0:11:18.640 --> 0:11:20.400
<v Speaker 1>like Spin Doctors in three eleven.

0:11:20.559 --> 0:11:23.560
<v Speaker 2>No, No, well, you know what I mean. Three eleven

0:11:23.640 --> 0:11:25.679
<v Speaker 2>could be slightly compared because they were kind of a

0:11:25.800 --> 0:11:29.640
<v Speaker 2>rock rap group, but they were Dutch. Urban Dance Squad

0:11:29.760 --> 0:11:32.640
<v Speaker 2>was yeah, oh okay, so that makes them cool in here.

0:11:32.600 --> 0:11:38.280
<v Speaker 1>Right, automatically. Yeah, somebody who just picked this up is like,

0:11:38.360 --> 0:11:39.840
<v Speaker 1>what are they talking about?

0:11:40.000 --> 0:11:44.719
<v Speaker 2>I know Enchilada's Urban Dance Squad. So lead paint in

0:11:44.760 --> 0:11:48.360
<v Speaker 2>the United States is well, it's still an issue in

0:11:48.360 --> 0:11:50.880
<v Speaker 2>some ways because older houses still have it. But yeah,

0:11:51.000 --> 0:11:55.240
<v Speaker 2>as of nineteen seventy eight, they said no more, get

0:11:55.240 --> 0:11:58.360
<v Speaker 2>the light out. That's right, and they define it as

0:11:58.640 --> 0:12:03.000
<v Speaker 2>any paint or surface coating that contains lead equal or

0:12:03.000 --> 0:12:05.480
<v Speaker 2>exceeding one milligram per square centimeter.

0:12:05.679 --> 0:12:08.840
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. So basically in nineteen seventy eight, it said, if

0:12:08.880 --> 0:12:12.160
<v Speaker 1>you're going to manufacture something for somebody's home that people

0:12:12.280 --> 0:12:14.880
<v Speaker 1>are generally going to come in contact with, most people

0:12:14.880 --> 0:12:16.559
<v Speaker 1>don't come in contact with street signs.

0:12:16.720 --> 0:12:18.640
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's the deal, right.

0:12:18.679 --> 0:12:21.400
<v Speaker 1>Then you can't have lead in it. But again, any

0:12:21.400 --> 0:12:23.719
<v Speaker 1>house built pre nineteen seventy eight, and there's plenty of

0:12:23.800 --> 0:12:28.200
<v Speaker 1>them out there, very likely has lead paint in it.

0:12:28.200 --> 0:12:31.240
<v Speaker 1>It also probably has lead pipes. Yeah, and there's a

0:12:31.240 --> 0:12:34.440
<v Speaker 1>lot of lead around us all over the place in

0:12:34.559 --> 0:12:37.959
<v Speaker 1>places you wouldn't even think, like there's lead and leaded

0:12:38.000 --> 0:12:41.120
<v Speaker 1>glass like a glass, no, really like a glass you

0:12:41.440 --> 0:12:44.880
<v Speaker 1>like you might be using, you conceivably could be drinking

0:12:44.960 --> 0:12:45.680
<v Speaker 1>lead out of it.

0:12:46.600 --> 0:12:49.080
<v Speaker 2>Oh, but you don't drink out of leaded glass.

0:12:49.120 --> 0:12:53.320
<v Speaker 1>Sure. Yeah. They use it to make regular plain old

0:12:53.480 --> 0:12:56.680
<v Speaker 1>dumb glass in a more like crystal. It gives it

0:12:56.720 --> 0:12:59.280
<v Speaker 1>like a ping when when you tap it. It makes

0:12:59.280 --> 0:13:04.440
<v Speaker 1>it the reflection a lot sharper. It also lowers the

0:13:04.480 --> 0:13:07.559
<v Speaker 1>melting point, so you know, if you put it in the oven,

0:13:07.600 --> 0:13:12.320
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't like right, but it's conceivably bad for you.

0:13:12.880 --> 0:13:15.480
<v Speaker 2>You know, who was on it long before the United

0:13:15.480 --> 0:13:19.240
<v Speaker 2>States government. Federal government was the city of Baltimore. In

0:13:19.320 --> 0:13:23.559
<v Speaker 2>nineteen fifty one, they banned lead pigment for interior paint,

0:13:23.880 --> 0:13:27.440
<v Speaker 2>very smart for their housing. And since the fifties it

0:13:27.480 --> 0:13:29.400
<v Speaker 2>had kind of been phased out in different parts of

0:13:29.400 --> 0:13:32.120
<v Speaker 2>the country. And then in nineteen seventy one we finally

0:13:32.120 --> 0:13:35.679
<v Speaker 2>got the Federal Lead Poisoning Prevention Act, and then it

0:13:35.720 --> 0:13:39.520
<v Speaker 2>took seven years after that to fully ban the paint

0:13:40.120 --> 0:13:42.160
<v Speaker 2>the paint lead paint.

0:13:42.440 --> 0:13:46.320
<v Speaker 1>Right. There's another big source of lead that was all

0:13:46.360 --> 0:13:49.320
<v Speaker 1>over the place in the twentieth century, and that was

0:13:49.320 --> 0:13:54.240
<v Speaker 1>in gasoline in cars. There was an additive in gasoline

0:13:54.360 --> 0:13:57.720
<v Speaker 1>that was added to gasoline called tetra ethyl lead, right.

0:13:57.679 --> 0:14:00.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you remember that, like you know, up with unleaded

0:14:02.160 --> 0:14:03.320
<v Speaker 2>or fully leaded right.

0:14:03.920 --> 0:14:07.080
<v Speaker 1>And the reason that they added lead to gas was

0:14:07.080 --> 0:14:11.920
<v Speaker 1>because there was a problem called knocking right where in

0:14:11.960 --> 0:14:17.640
<v Speaker 1>a high performance engine, when the gas entered the ignition chamber,

0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:21.760
<v Speaker 1>the combustion chamber, it may just get so amped up

0:14:21.800 --> 0:14:24.920
<v Speaker 1>that it would combust, it would ignite before it was

0:14:24.920 --> 0:14:29.320
<v Speaker 1>supposed to, and this would basically disrupt the movement of

0:14:29.360 --> 0:14:32.840
<v Speaker 1>the pistons. Right when they did that, they knocked, they pinged,

0:14:32.840 --> 0:14:35.320
<v Speaker 1>it did all sorts of bad stuff. The lead kept

0:14:35.360 --> 0:14:39.360
<v Speaker 1>the gas from combusting or igniting before it was meant to,

0:14:39.920 --> 0:14:42.760
<v Speaker 1>so it was a pretty great additive. The thing is,

0:14:42.800 --> 0:14:46.000
<v Speaker 1>we already knew that lead was not good for you

0:14:46.760 --> 0:14:49.120
<v Speaker 1>at the time, but we added it to gas anyway.

0:14:49.520 --> 0:14:51.720
<v Speaker 1>And then it was finally phased out in the seventies.

0:14:52.240 --> 0:14:56.040
<v Speaker 1>Starting in the seventies, i should say, because we started

0:14:56.080 --> 0:14:58.840
<v Speaker 1>adding catalytic converters to our cars.

0:14:59.080 --> 0:15:03.240
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that helped that, and just our the process of

0:15:03.440 --> 0:15:07.600
<v Speaker 2>the chemical process of refining petroleum just advanced, so we

0:15:07.760 --> 0:15:08.720
<v Speaker 2>no longer needed it.

0:15:08.840 --> 0:15:11.040
<v Speaker 1>Right, So it wasn't just crummy gas. It was pretty

0:15:11.040 --> 0:15:13.360
<v Speaker 1>good gas. It didn't need lead. Yeah, if you run

0:15:13.480 --> 0:15:16.760
<v Speaker 1>leaded gas through a catalytic converter. It totally messes it up.

0:15:17.040 --> 0:15:20.280
<v Speaker 1>And the catalytic converters there to prevent emission, so you

0:15:20.360 --> 0:15:23.000
<v Speaker 1>take lead out of gas. The problem we found is

0:15:23.000 --> 0:15:26.880
<v Speaker 1>that during these few decades from like the twenties till

0:15:27.040 --> 0:15:30.440
<v Speaker 1>actually nineteen ninety six was the last year you could

0:15:30.520 --> 0:15:33.240
<v Speaker 1>have lead in your gas in the United States. Yeah,

0:15:33.360 --> 0:15:37.760
<v Speaker 1>nineteen ninety six. During this period, basically all the cars

0:15:37.800 --> 0:15:41.600
<v Speaker 1>on the road were spewing lead lead vapors into the

0:15:41.640 --> 0:15:44.280
<v Speaker 1>atmosphere that would just go into the air and then

0:15:44.320 --> 0:15:46.320
<v Speaker 1>come back into the ground and settle in the soil

0:15:46.400 --> 0:15:48.040
<v Speaker 1>and water and your face.

0:15:48.400 --> 0:15:51.560
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I had. I used leaded gas in my I

0:15:51.560 --> 0:15:54.240
<v Speaker 2>had to put it in my early VW Beetles that

0:15:54.280 --> 0:15:54.680
<v Speaker 2>I drove.

0:15:54.720 --> 0:15:55.720
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, I had a couple of.

0:15:55.680 --> 0:15:58.800
<v Speaker 2>Old you know, vintage, well vintage. They bought them new.

0:15:59.120 --> 0:16:02.000
<v Speaker 2>Oh yeah, yeah. My mom she bought a sixty eight

0:16:02.000 --> 0:16:04.280
<v Speaker 2>beetle brand new. Wow. That's when I drove when I

0:16:04.320 --> 0:16:05.000
<v Speaker 2>turned sixteen.

0:16:05.280 --> 0:16:08.160
<v Speaker 1>Wow, I think it was still around huh yeah, yeah. Nice.

0:16:08.440 --> 0:16:10.400
<v Speaker 2>You know, those things they never die if you take

0:16:10.400 --> 0:16:10.880
<v Speaker 2>care of them.

0:16:10.960 --> 0:16:13.720
<v Speaker 1>Did you like ever use duct tape or anything like

0:16:13.760 --> 0:16:14.200
<v Speaker 1>that on it?

0:16:14.360 --> 0:16:17.520
<v Speaker 2>No, but I did. Funny, you mentioned I had a

0:16:17.560 --> 0:16:23.800
<v Speaker 2>whole sizable hole in the rear floorboard. Yeah. That My

0:16:23.840 --> 0:16:25.880
<v Speaker 2>friends call it the Flintstones car because you could, like

0:16:25.880 --> 0:16:27.240
<v Speaker 2>you put your feet down and run.

0:16:28.040 --> 0:16:31.680
<v Speaker 1>So I did have a board, a running board, No,

0:16:32.080 --> 0:16:34.280
<v Speaker 1>just a board over the hole, but I mean you

0:16:34.320 --> 0:16:36.520
<v Speaker 1>could remove the board and run, Yeah, while you were

0:16:36.560 --> 0:16:37.560
<v Speaker 1>sitting in the back seat.

0:16:37.600 --> 0:16:40.080
<v Speaker 2>That's right, great car.

0:16:40.680 --> 0:16:41.320
<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

0:16:41.400 --> 0:16:47.320
<v Speaker 2>Lead has been added to cosmetics over the years, jewelry, pottery,

0:16:47.480 --> 0:16:52.400
<v Speaker 2>and then today because everyone knows let is so such

0:16:52.440 --> 0:16:54.680
<v Speaker 2>a jerk. One of the only places you're going to

0:16:54.760 --> 0:16:56.400
<v Speaker 2>find it in the US at least is in your

0:16:56.400 --> 0:16:57.040
<v Speaker 2>car battery.

0:16:57.640 --> 0:17:00.400
<v Speaker 1>Your car, yeah, your car battery, or your laptop.

0:17:00.080 --> 0:17:02.960
<v Speaker 2>Actually, yeah, which is why it's really important to recycle

0:17:02.960 --> 0:17:05.520
<v Speaker 2>that car battery, don't or that laptop. Don't throw it

0:17:05.560 --> 0:17:09.240
<v Speaker 2>in the woods. Yeah, responsibly recycle your electronics and batteries.

0:17:09.280 --> 0:17:11.280
<v Speaker 1>Yeah. If there's one thing that we've learned since the

0:17:11.320 --> 0:17:14.639
<v Speaker 1>twentieth century is that lead has some serious staying power,

0:17:14.720 --> 0:17:18.040
<v Speaker 1>and it has a very pesky tendency to get out

0:17:18.040 --> 0:17:20.960
<v Speaker 1>of wherever we put it, right. Yeah, and yeah, if

0:17:20.960 --> 0:17:23.080
<v Speaker 1>you put it in just a regular landfill that's not

0:17:23.200 --> 0:17:26.840
<v Speaker 1>designed to accept things like lead, it'll just leach into

0:17:26.880 --> 0:17:30.119
<v Speaker 1>the ground water, and same thing with your e waste

0:17:30.160 --> 0:17:34.240
<v Speaker 1>your laptops, And the reason that they're used in laptops

0:17:35.320 --> 0:17:40.240
<v Speaker 1>is because the lead actually protects you from the radiation

0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:43.679
<v Speaker 1>that would shoot out of your laptop screen into your face. Yeah,

0:17:43.760 --> 0:17:45.640
<v Speaker 1>if it weren't for the toxic lead in there.

0:17:45.720 --> 0:17:48.919
<v Speaker 2>That's right, glass cathode ray tubes like you find in

0:17:48.960 --> 0:17:50.800
<v Speaker 2>your computer laptop screen.

0:17:50.920 --> 0:17:51.120
<v Speaker 1>Yeah.

0:17:51.200 --> 0:17:53.040
<v Speaker 2>Well, I don't know about your laptop or your computer.

0:17:53.119 --> 0:17:56.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, your monitor, Yeah, I'll bet there's but you should

0:17:56.560 --> 0:17:57.040
<v Speaker 1>lead in there.

0:17:57.119 --> 0:18:00.679
<v Speaker 2>You should responsibly recycle your laptop too, for sure reasons.

0:18:00.760 --> 0:18:01.720
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I know you did a.

0:18:02.000 --> 0:18:03.920
<v Speaker 2>What was it called electronics recycling?

0:18:04.000 --> 0:18:08.159
<v Speaker 1>Yeah? What was it? Like? Just a thought or I

0:18:08.160 --> 0:18:09.440
<v Speaker 1>have no idea what you're talking about. You did a

0:18:09.520 --> 0:18:14.320
<v Speaker 1>video series where you like, now sure deep thoughts.

0:18:14.640 --> 0:18:17.479
<v Speaker 2>No, I can't even remember I created the series.

0:18:17.720 --> 0:18:19.880
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, but you did one on e recycling.

0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:21.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, but nobody cared or watch.

0:18:21.520 --> 0:18:23.480
<v Speaker 1>So the world was not saved.

0:18:23.600 --> 0:18:27.320
<v Speaker 2>Everyone said, Chuck quit doing it all right, Well, let's

0:18:27.359 --> 0:18:29.800
<v Speaker 2>take a break. I'm gonna go cry a teer for

0:18:30.000 --> 0:18:32.600
<v Speaker 2>a man. What was the name of that series?

0:18:32.640 --> 0:18:34.880
<v Speaker 1>I don't know. We'll go get forties and pour them

0:18:34.920 --> 0:18:35.840
<v Speaker 1>out on the Curb Forum.

0:18:35.880 --> 0:18:54.840
<v Speaker 2>All right, we'll be back in a second. All right, Josh,

0:18:54.840 --> 0:18:58.360
<v Speaker 2>we've talked a lot about lead so far and Enchiladas

0:19:01.960 --> 0:19:04.960
<v Speaker 2>rock bands. Yeah, lead comes from the earth, though, let's

0:19:05.040 --> 0:19:06.280
<v Speaker 2>let's take it underground.

0:19:06.600 --> 0:19:09.440
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's not actually, I mean, it is naturally occurring,

0:19:09.480 --> 0:19:11.680
<v Speaker 1>but it doesn't naturally occur in its pure form.

0:19:11.800 --> 0:19:13.639
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you don't just like dig down and you're like, hey,

0:19:13.640 --> 0:19:15.600
<v Speaker 2>there's a big hunk of lead, right, let me pull

0:19:15.600 --> 0:19:15.960
<v Speaker 2>it out.

0:19:16.160 --> 0:19:23.959
<v Speaker 1>Instead, lead atoms have I think four unpaired electrons maybe

0:19:24.200 --> 0:19:27.840
<v Speaker 1>in its outer shell. So it likes to form connections

0:19:27.840 --> 0:19:30.440
<v Speaker 1>with other things. So when you find lead in the earth,

0:19:30.480 --> 0:19:34.200
<v Speaker 1>you're gonna find it in the form of an oxide

0:19:34.280 --> 0:19:37.280
<v Speaker 1>or a sulfide or something like that. Frequently it's combined

0:19:37.320 --> 0:19:40.679
<v Speaker 1>with silver, and so that means it has to be separated.

0:19:41.000 --> 0:19:43.360
<v Speaker 1>And even the Romans back in the day, which by

0:19:43.400 --> 0:19:47.080
<v Speaker 1>the way, these Roman lead pipes that they used for

0:19:47.240 --> 0:19:50.680
<v Speaker 1>baths and for sanitation and stuff still intact today.

0:19:50.840 --> 0:19:53.080
<v Speaker 2>You can still dig those up and beat people with them.

0:19:53.280 --> 0:19:55.800
<v Speaker 1>You could, they're so strong. That's the other place you'll

0:19:55.840 --> 0:19:57.840
<v Speaker 1>find a lead pipe is in the hand of some

0:19:57.960 --> 0:19:58.720
<v Speaker 1>dude coming at you.

0:19:58.800 --> 0:19:59.920
<v Speaker 2>Yea or a game of clue.

0:20:01.000 --> 0:20:03.400
<v Speaker 1>Oh, yeah, that's right. It was bent. Even the guy

0:20:03.680 --> 0:20:06.399
<v Speaker 1>was hit so hard with it. Yeah, kernel mustard. He

0:20:06.480 --> 0:20:07.400
<v Speaker 1>was not to be trusted.

0:20:08.080 --> 0:20:10.840
<v Speaker 2>He was not. But yes, the Romans they had a

0:20:10.840 --> 0:20:12.800
<v Speaker 2>pretty ingenus man, they were so smart. They had a

0:20:12.800 --> 0:20:18.440
<v Speaker 2>pretty ingenious process called coupilation. The extent of that is

0:20:18.480 --> 0:20:22.320
<v Speaker 2>basically the idea is that some precious metals, I'm sorry,

0:20:22.359 --> 0:20:27.960
<v Speaker 2>precious metals, All precious metals won't oxidize, but dumb metals will.

0:20:28.320 --> 0:20:30.800
<v Speaker 2>So if you heat that junk up, it's going to separate.

0:20:30.800 --> 0:20:33.160
<v Speaker 1>Right, And they used it mostly to separate from silver.

0:20:33.280 --> 0:20:35.840
<v Speaker 1>But these days we get most of our lead from

0:20:36.000 --> 0:20:40.200
<v Speaker 1>something called galena, where a lead sulfide is found, right.

0:20:40.640 --> 0:20:42.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and our process is sort of similar. It is

0:20:42.840 --> 0:20:44.720
<v Speaker 2>very like using heat to separate things.

0:20:44.880 --> 0:20:47.760
<v Speaker 1>And this actually very much resembles Do you remember our

0:20:49.119 --> 0:20:50.760
<v Speaker 1>waste gasification episode?

0:20:50.840 --> 0:20:53.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, I could remember which one this evoked.

0:20:53.359 --> 0:20:55.879
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it was that one, because the process is very similar.

0:20:55.920 --> 0:20:59.240
<v Speaker 1>So you take some lead sulfide and you heat it

0:20:59.359 --> 0:21:03.240
<v Speaker 1>up in the air, so there's the presence of oxygen

0:21:03.600 --> 0:21:08.520
<v Speaker 1>and it converts into lead oxide and sulfur dioxide, right,

0:21:08.760 --> 0:21:11.399
<v Speaker 1>So you separate them out a little bit. Then you

0:21:11.440 --> 0:21:15.680
<v Speaker 1>take that lead oxide and you add carbon coke and

0:21:15.760 --> 0:21:18.480
<v Speaker 1>you again mix it with some air and as that happens,

0:21:18.800 --> 0:21:23.119
<v Speaker 1>the air combines with the oxide into car. No, the

0:21:23.160 --> 0:21:27.080
<v Speaker 1>carbon combines with the air and becomes carbon dioxide takes

0:21:27.080 --> 0:21:31.280
<v Speaker 1>all of the oxygen molecules from the lead atoms. So

0:21:31.400 --> 0:21:34.840
<v Speaker 1>the lead, basically what amounts of pure lead, becomes molten

0:21:34.960 --> 0:21:36.840
<v Speaker 1>and goes down to the bottom of the furnace and

0:21:37.080 --> 0:21:40.840
<v Speaker 1>carbon dioxide goes out into the atmosphere. It sounds like

0:21:40.840 --> 0:21:46.160
<v Speaker 1>a very safe process basically creating molten lead and carbon dioxide.

0:21:46.320 --> 0:21:50.000
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's called roasting and smelting. And once that lead

0:21:50.080 --> 0:21:53.600
<v Speaker 2>sinks cools down, it's gonna it's called a pig. It's

0:21:53.640 --> 0:21:56.400
<v Speaker 2>just a big mesa lead basically.

0:21:56.119 --> 0:21:57.119
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, like pig iron.

0:21:57.400 --> 0:22:02.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it's it's delicious. And then you have slag, which

0:22:02.840 --> 0:22:07.040
<v Speaker 2>is the non metallic byproduct of the smelting process. Yeah,

0:22:07.040 --> 0:22:10.720
<v Speaker 2>and you siphon and cool that down and it's waste product.

0:22:11.080 --> 0:22:11.320
<v Speaker 1>Yes.

0:22:11.960 --> 0:22:14.199
<v Speaker 2>And like I said, recycling your car battery is important

0:22:14.240 --> 0:22:17.919
<v Speaker 2>because there's also a process called secondary extraction where they

0:22:17.960 --> 0:22:20.199
<v Speaker 2>get that lead out of your battery. You can keep

0:22:20.280 --> 0:22:21.280
<v Speaker 2>using it exactly.

0:22:21.280 --> 0:22:24.000
<v Speaker 1>That's the other good thing about lead It is extremely

0:22:24.119 --> 0:22:28.359
<v Speaker 1>reusable because again, it has a lot of staying power.

0:22:28.440 --> 0:22:30.840
<v Speaker 1>So you're not going to use lead up right, you know,

0:22:31.240 --> 0:22:33.760
<v Speaker 1>which means you want to reuse it. Yes, we should

0:22:33.800 --> 0:22:35.640
<v Speaker 1>get to the point where we don't need to mine

0:22:35.680 --> 0:22:38.800
<v Speaker 1>any more lead or process any more lead. Just reuse

0:22:38.840 --> 0:22:42.040
<v Speaker 1>the lead we've got, yeah, or maybe find some great

0:22:42.080 --> 0:22:43.880
<v Speaker 1>substitute that isn't so toxic.

0:22:43.920 --> 0:22:46.960
<v Speaker 2>You know, you melt down those tiny Civil war figurines.

0:22:47.600 --> 0:22:48.440
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, those guys?

0:22:48.480 --> 0:22:49.080
<v Speaker 2>Are those lead?

0:22:49.400 --> 0:22:49.720
<v Speaker 1>Sure?

0:22:49.960 --> 0:22:52.840
<v Speaker 2>Okay I thought they were. Yeah, So handling and painting

0:22:52.840 --> 0:22:54.680
<v Speaker 2>those with lead paint it's dangerous.

0:22:54.280 --> 0:22:58.720
<v Speaker 1>Right, yes, yes, yes it is.

0:22:58.720 --> 0:23:01.160
<v Speaker 2>Is that why we're losing so many war figurine buffs?

0:23:01.200 --> 0:23:02.880
<v Speaker 2>I think so at an alarming rate.

0:23:02.960 --> 0:23:06.399
<v Speaker 1>That's why they all have like spittle and drool around

0:23:06.440 --> 0:23:08.480
<v Speaker 1>the corners of their mouths and like zone out while

0:23:08.520 --> 0:23:09.160
<v Speaker 1>they're painting.

0:23:09.280 --> 0:23:13.000
<v Speaker 2>Well, there's other reasons for that, but sure it contributes.

0:23:13.440 --> 0:23:19.840
<v Speaker 1>So okay, Chuck, you mentioned or we mentioned lead refining

0:23:19.840 --> 0:23:24.240
<v Speaker 1>and processing, smelting, roasting, that kind of stuff, right, that

0:23:24.320 --> 0:23:28.520
<v Speaker 1>does create emissions of not just carbon dioxide but also

0:23:29.320 --> 0:23:32.480
<v Speaker 1>lead vapor, which is not good stuff, and you want

0:23:32.480 --> 0:23:34.880
<v Speaker 1>to control that kind of stuff, but it is emitted,

0:23:35.359 --> 0:23:38.840
<v Speaker 1>and it used to be. Well, these days, lead emissions

0:23:39.840 --> 0:23:44.000
<v Speaker 1>from refining and processing are actually the number one source

0:23:44.040 --> 0:23:49.960
<v Speaker 1>of lead vapor emissions in the environment. Right but forty yeah,

0:23:49.960 --> 0:23:52.639
<v Speaker 1>about forty years ago, forty five years ago, that was

0:23:52.680 --> 0:23:55.520
<v Speaker 1>not the case. The case was all those cars driving

0:23:55.560 --> 0:23:58.199
<v Speaker 1>around on the streets emitting lead vapor.

0:23:58.359 --> 0:24:00.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you used to account for about seventy eight percent

0:24:00.560 --> 0:24:04.200
<v Speaker 2>if it came from your automobile, and since the phasing

0:24:04.200 --> 0:24:06.879
<v Speaker 2>out and reversal, we know have fifty two percent coming

0:24:06.920 --> 0:24:15.000
<v Speaker 2>from the processing. And what is it down to road sources?

0:24:15.040 --> 0:24:18.640
<v Speaker 2>It's thirteen thirteen percent fuel combustion.

0:24:18.920 --> 0:24:23.120
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, not bad, No, not bad. Still again, you basically

0:24:23.160 --> 0:24:26.480
<v Speaker 1>wanted it like zero. As we're finding, like the as

0:24:26.520 --> 0:24:29.600
<v Speaker 1>we'll see that that lead exposure in any amount is

0:24:29.640 --> 0:24:32.200
<v Speaker 1>not good and it gets it goes from not good

0:24:32.280 --> 0:24:34.320
<v Speaker 1>to really bad very quickly. Apparently.

0:24:34.760 --> 0:24:37.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and you know, let us know good. We mentioned

0:24:37.840 --> 0:24:40.399
<v Speaker 2>kids chewing on something with lead pain is not good.

0:24:40.480 --> 0:24:44.400
<v Speaker 2>If you're redoing your house and it's pre nineteen seventy eight,

0:24:44.440 --> 0:24:47.399
<v Speaker 2>you want to get a piece tested. You can't just

0:24:47.400 --> 0:24:50.520
<v Speaker 2>be like let me sand off, No, the paint on

0:24:50.560 --> 0:24:51.359
<v Speaker 2>this molding.

0:24:51.520 --> 0:24:54.120
<v Speaker 1>No, because again, even if you think you've cleaned it up,

0:24:54.200 --> 0:24:57.359
<v Speaker 1>there's still in there's lead right there, buddy. Yeah, that

0:24:57.480 --> 0:24:59.520
<v Speaker 1>you're not going to get rid of it. Apparently, Also,

0:24:59.640 --> 0:25:03.080
<v Speaker 1>open and closing your windows in a pre nineteen seventy

0:25:03.119 --> 0:25:05.760
<v Speaker 1>eight house can create lead dust.

0:25:05.880 --> 0:25:07.440
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, if you're lucky enough to be able to open

0:25:07.480 --> 0:25:11.119
<v Speaker 2>your windows. Sure that's a point minor sealed shut.

0:25:10.960 --> 0:25:12.639
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, or a nail chot or what have you.

0:25:12.800 --> 0:25:15.920
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, just from years of painting basically with probably.

0:25:15.680 --> 0:25:17.200
<v Speaker 1>Lead paint guaranteed.

0:25:17.440 --> 0:25:20.480
<v Speaker 2>No, it's not. Actually we had it tested, Oh did you? Yeah?

0:25:20.600 --> 0:25:23.800
<v Speaker 2>I mean it wasn't one hundred percent lead paint, but.

0:25:23.800 --> 0:25:25.520
<v Speaker 1>You had to test it like all the way through, like.

0:25:26.520 --> 0:25:28.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, yeah, yeah, But what I'm saying is pre nineteen

0:25:28.840 --> 0:25:31.240
<v Speaker 2>seventy eight, it's not like the only paint that was used.

0:25:31.240 --> 0:25:33.800
<v Speaker 2>I know you're saying that's why you get it tested, right,

0:25:33.880 --> 0:25:34.280
<v Speaker 2>But did.

0:25:34.240 --> 0:25:37.639
<v Speaker 1>You get like all the layers underneath tested well for

0:25:37.680 --> 0:25:42.280
<v Speaker 1>any Yeah? Okay, that was my all the layers sound effect.

0:25:42.040 --> 0:25:43.439
<v Speaker 2>Like we hired a lead person.

0:25:43.520 --> 0:25:46.320
<v Speaker 1>I gotcha. Good good good. That makes me feel better. Yeah.

0:25:46.320 --> 0:25:48.680
<v Speaker 2>And if you want to if there is lead and

0:25:48.720 --> 0:25:49.960
<v Speaker 2>you want to get the lead out. You're going to

0:25:50.040 --> 0:25:52.119
<v Speaker 2>have to hire someone that knows what they're doing, and

0:25:52.200 --> 0:25:54.679
<v Speaker 2>oh yeah, they'll come in with their hazmat suits on

0:25:55.240 --> 0:25:55.679
<v Speaker 2>to do so.

0:25:55.960 --> 0:25:59.919
<v Speaker 1>Right. So you can also get it from plumbing, although

0:26:00.080 --> 0:26:04.639
<v Speaker 1>apparently with lead plumbing it's not quite as much of

0:26:04.680 --> 0:26:06.600
<v Speaker 1>a thread as you would think. You know, doesn't that

0:26:06.680 --> 0:26:08.720
<v Speaker 1>make you just want to like never drink water again?

0:26:08.800 --> 0:26:10.879
<v Speaker 1>Knowing that you have lead pipes in your house. You

0:26:10.880 --> 0:26:16.600
<v Speaker 1>shouldn't necessarily be worried because over the years, water sanitation

0:26:16.760 --> 0:26:20.960
<v Speaker 1>experts have figured out that if you have good water

0:26:21.400 --> 0:26:25.560
<v Speaker 1>that's non corrosive, it actually is not only non corrosive,

0:26:26.040 --> 0:26:30.159
<v Speaker 1>the water will leave behind a protective coating that coats

0:26:30.200 --> 0:26:34.520
<v Speaker 1>the inside of the pipes that it runs through. Over

0:26:34.560 --> 0:26:37.640
<v Speaker 1>the lead, Yes, nice, over whatever it is, but yeah,

0:26:37.640 --> 0:26:40.639
<v Speaker 1>it's going to leave a protective coat of other substances

0:26:40.680 --> 0:26:43.439
<v Speaker 1>that aren't toxic. It's going to form a barrier for

0:26:43.720 --> 0:26:48.560
<v Speaker 1>later water and the pipes. Right, And so you shouldn't

0:26:48.560 --> 0:26:52.320
<v Speaker 1>necessarily be freaked out if you have lead pipes coming

0:26:52.359 --> 0:26:55.480
<v Speaker 1>to your house, although I mean, you got the money,

0:26:55.680 --> 0:26:58.280
<v Speaker 1>there's definitely worse things you could spend your money on

0:26:58.359 --> 0:26:59.959
<v Speaker 1>than replacing those pipes.

0:27:00.160 --> 0:27:02.840
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you know move to what copper PBC.

0:27:03.080 --> 0:27:05.440
<v Speaker 1>Well, copper can be a problem as well. There's actually

0:27:05.480 --> 0:27:12.040
<v Speaker 1>a copper lead rule that dictates how non corrosive city's

0:27:12.080 --> 0:27:14.679
<v Speaker 1>water has to be right to follow this rule, and

0:27:14.720 --> 0:27:17.000
<v Speaker 1>it's protecting not just against lead but copper. You don't

0:27:17.000 --> 0:27:19.240
<v Speaker 1>really want copper either, although it's not nearly as bad

0:27:19.280 --> 0:27:19.920
<v Speaker 1>for you as lead.

0:27:20.080 --> 0:27:23.520
<v Speaker 2>Interesting, So, if you have lead in your system, I mean,

0:27:23.560 --> 0:27:27.240
<v Speaker 2>it goes, it goes into your blood stream, doesn't matter

0:27:27.240 --> 0:27:29.359
<v Speaker 2>how it gets in there. If you inhale it, it'll

0:27:29.600 --> 0:27:32.280
<v Speaker 2>be absorbed through the capillaries and the lungs into the blood.

0:27:32.840 --> 0:27:37.159
<v Speaker 2>Or if you if you lick it, touch it, if

0:27:37.200 --> 0:27:39.400
<v Speaker 2>you lick it, yeah, it's gonna find its way into

0:27:39.400 --> 0:27:41.879
<v Speaker 2>your blood and you can. I mean it's really easy

0:27:41.920 --> 0:27:43.720
<v Speaker 2>to find out if you have lead in your blood.

0:27:43.760 --> 0:27:46.200
<v Speaker 2>You just get a blood test. I don't know why

0:27:46.200 --> 0:27:48.320
<v Speaker 2>they would do this other test. I don't either, And

0:27:48.400 --> 0:27:52.040
<v Speaker 2>not just a blood test unless it's like prohibitively expensive

0:27:52.119 --> 0:27:52.560
<v Speaker 2>or something.

0:27:52.680 --> 0:27:57.840
<v Speaker 1>So yeah, the other test is called the zinc protoporphyn test,

0:27:58.359 --> 0:28:02.560
<v Speaker 1>and that's a byprop of red blood cells as they

0:28:02.600 --> 0:28:05.520
<v Speaker 1>break down in the presence of lead. So rather than

0:28:05.560 --> 0:28:08.800
<v Speaker 1>directly testing and it's not finding lead either. You're like

0:28:08.880 --> 0:28:12.280
<v Speaker 1>going around to see excuse me, lead, I want to

0:28:12.320 --> 0:28:14.359
<v Speaker 1>see if your shadowy is detectable.

0:28:14.359 --> 0:28:14.920
<v Speaker 2>And don't get it.

0:28:14.920 --> 0:28:16.000
<v Speaker 1>It makes zero sense because you.

0:28:16.000 --> 0:28:17.760
<v Speaker 2>Got to take your blood for that too. Write sure,

0:28:18.040 --> 0:28:19.080
<v Speaker 2>and it's not as accurate.

0:28:19.720 --> 0:28:23.840
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it doesn't make any sense. But the lead blood

0:28:23.880 --> 0:28:27.119
<v Speaker 1>test is so easy that companies like three AM and

0:28:27.200 --> 0:28:30.840
<v Speaker 1>plenty of others sell home lead blood tests.

0:28:31.080 --> 0:28:31.760
<v Speaker 2>Oh that's nice.

0:28:31.880 --> 0:28:34.040
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it is nice unless you're the parent who is

0:28:34.119 --> 0:28:35.840
<v Speaker 1>freaked out giving one to your kid.

0:28:36.520 --> 0:28:40.240
<v Speaker 2>Well, that's true. You know, anything over equal to or

0:28:40.280 --> 0:28:45.480
<v Speaker 2>greater than five micrograms per desolet is bad if you're

0:28:45.560 --> 0:28:47.760
<v Speaker 2>a kid. If you're an adult, you can tolerate a

0:28:47.800 --> 0:28:50.400
<v Speaker 2>little bit more, but it's still distressing.

0:28:50.080 --> 0:28:53.400
<v Speaker 1>Right, And that's how it's expressed. So a microgram to

0:28:53.720 --> 0:28:56.040
<v Speaker 1>a desolader, which is what a tenth of a leader, right,

0:28:57.440 --> 0:29:01.080
<v Speaker 1>and so five is not good. Ten programs in a

0:29:01.120 --> 0:29:07.920
<v Speaker 1>destin leader is where demonstrable like behavioral and cognitive problems

0:29:07.920 --> 0:29:09.400
<v Speaker 1>start to develop.

0:29:09.520 --> 0:29:10.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, that's serious trouble.

0:29:10.960 --> 0:29:15.400
<v Speaker 1>But the EPA has said that there's quote no demonstrated

0:29:15.440 --> 0:29:19.400
<v Speaker 1>safe concentration of lead and blood, like you shouldn't have

0:29:19.440 --> 0:29:20.280
<v Speaker 1>any in it. Right.

0:29:20.360 --> 0:29:22.880
<v Speaker 2>The problem is it's nothing but toxic to humans. There

0:29:22.920 --> 0:29:23.640
<v Speaker 2>is no benefit.

0:29:23.800 --> 0:29:26.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and we'll talk about it in just a second.

0:29:26.360 --> 0:29:29.760
<v Speaker 1>But the problem with lead is that we're figuring out

0:29:30.080 --> 0:29:32.920
<v Speaker 1>that we shouldn't be exposed to it at all, while

0:29:32.920 --> 0:29:36.880
<v Speaker 1>we're also simultaneously figuring out that we have washed our

0:29:37.080 --> 0:29:40.840
<v Speaker 1>planet in it. Yeah, from the last like couple hundred years.

0:29:40.840 --> 0:29:44.520
<v Speaker 2>Basically, Yeah, you want to take a break, Yeah, all right,

0:29:44.560 --> 0:29:47.000
<v Speaker 2>we'll come back and we'll talk about all kinds of

0:29:47.000 --> 0:30:06.520
<v Speaker 2>fun stuff. All right, So before I left it, Tea

0:30:06.600 --> 0:30:09.880
<v Speaker 2>is that there is no function for lead in the body.

0:30:10.320 --> 0:30:14.800
<v Speaker 2>It is nothing but toxic, and it the way it

0:30:14.840 --> 0:30:17.400
<v Speaker 2>behaves in your body in a negative way is really

0:30:17.440 --> 0:30:21.120
<v Speaker 2>interesting your body. And this happens a lot if youel

0:30:21.160 --> 0:30:24.440
<v Speaker 2>like we covered the body mistaking something for something else

0:30:24.560 --> 0:30:27.080
<v Speaker 2>quite a bit. Yeah, there should be a word for.

0:30:27.040 --> 0:30:30.240
<v Speaker 1>That case of mistaken identity.

0:30:30.640 --> 0:30:35.000
<v Speaker 2>I guess that's it. But the body treats lead like calcium,

0:30:35.120 --> 0:30:37.040
<v Speaker 2>So it's going to go where calcium goes in the body,

0:30:37.080 --> 0:30:39.520
<v Speaker 2>including your bones, which is super scary.

0:30:39.600 --> 0:30:43.520
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, lead settles in very comfortably into calcium receptors and

0:30:43.560 --> 0:30:45.560
<v Speaker 1>it's not just bones, like that's what I always think

0:30:45.600 --> 0:30:47.760
<v Speaker 1>of when I think of calcium, like, well, you need

0:30:47.800 --> 0:30:49.959
<v Speaker 1>calcium because your bones will break, or you get rickets

0:30:49.960 --> 0:30:53.320
<v Speaker 1>if you don't have it or whatever. But calcium comes

0:30:53.360 --> 0:30:55.760
<v Speaker 1>in handy throughout your whole body. And one of the

0:30:55.760 --> 0:30:59.760
<v Speaker 1>big places that shows up is in calcium ions in

0:31:00.440 --> 0:31:03.480
<v Speaker 1>your neuronal activity. Right, Yeah, So when your neurons fire,

0:31:03.720 --> 0:31:06.360
<v Speaker 1>one of the ways that they fire is because the

0:31:06.440 --> 0:31:09.320
<v Speaker 1>neurons or the calcium ions get them all excited and

0:31:09.320 --> 0:31:13.680
<v Speaker 1>then boom, your neurons is fired. If lead is in

0:31:13.720 --> 0:31:18.160
<v Speaker 1>that calcium ion channel instead of calcium, that boo doesn't happen,

0:31:18.440 --> 0:31:20.479
<v Speaker 1>and all of a sudden, your neurons aren't firing as

0:31:20.520 --> 0:31:22.800
<v Speaker 1>much as they would if the lead wasn't present. And

0:31:22.840 --> 0:31:24.160
<v Speaker 1>now we have a big problem here.

0:31:24.200 --> 0:31:28.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and it's especially big problem with children because children's

0:31:28.240 --> 0:31:31.920
<v Speaker 2>little brains are you know, we talked about plasticity before.

0:31:32.280 --> 0:31:36.400
<v Speaker 2>They're constantly forming these new neural connections, and any kind

0:31:36.440 --> 0:31:39.080
<v Speaker 2>of lead and the mistaken for calcium is going to

0:31:39.080 --> 0:31:45.200
<v Speaker 2>disrupt those connections. And so your child is literally their

0:31:45.200 --> 0:31:47.800
<v Speaker 2>brain isn't going to advance like it should.

0:31:47.520 --> 0:31:53.600
<v Speaker 1>Right exactly. Intellectually, the apparently emotional centers like the amygdala

0:31:53.720 --> 0:31:59.960
<v Speaker 1>can suffer. Yeah, it's been found to produce hyperactivity, antisocial behavior,

0:32:00.880 --> 0:32:05.080
<v Speaker 1>attention deficit disorder, all sorts of problems from the presence

0:32:05.080 --> 0:32:09.760
<v Speaker 1>of lead, right, And like you said, it's worse for

0:32:09.840 --> 0:32:12.760
<v Speaker 1>kids because their brains are still developing and forming. It's

0:32:12.800 --> 0:32:16.040
<v Speaker 1>bad for anybody, but it's definitely worse for kids. And

0:32:16.080 --> 0:32:18.120
<v Speaker 1>the other way that it affects kids is that so

0:32:18.440 --> 0:32:22.360
<v Speaker 1>the regions of their brains aren't developing correctly. But then simultaneously,

0:32:22.480 --> 0:32:25.840
<v Speaker 1>calcium is also important in the formation of myelin, which

0:32:25.920 --> 0:32:30.080
<v Speaker 1>is that protective sheath around the synapses between neurons. So

0:32:30.160 --> 0:32:32.960
<v Speaker 1>that's kind of like flimsy, which means that the neurons

0:32:32.960 --> 0:32:36.040
<v Speaker 1>aren't firing efficiently. So not only do you have brain

0:32:36.080 --> 0:32:39.720
<v Speaker 1>regions affected, but the communication between brain regions are affected

0:32:39.760 --> 0:32:42.880
<v Speaker 1>too in little kids. And the upshot is is that

0:32:43.000 --> 0:32:47.320
<v Speaker 1>it promotes all sorts of problems with cognitive and emotional

0:32:47.360 --> 0:32:49.240
<v Speaker 1>and behavioral development in children.

0:32:49.360 --> 0:32:52.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and like literally lower IQ scores.

0:32:52.520 --> 0:32:55.200
<v Speaker 1>And we should say that's just like the most prominent,

0:32:55.280 --> 0:32:58.520
<v Speaker 1>horrifying effective lead. There's a whole laundry list of other

0:32:58.560 --> 0:33:01.800
<v Speaker 1>things that can happen to you, like kidney failure, pain

0:33:01.920 --> 0:33:04.720
<v Speaker 1>in your bones and joints from all that lead settling

0:33:04.800 --> 0:33:06.600
<v Speaker 1>into where the calcium is supposed to go.

0:33:06.760 --> 0:33:09.959
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, how about a decreased sex drive and sterility and

0:33:09.960 --> 0:33:14.200
<v Speaker 2>infertility for both men and women? What else? Diarrhea, lack

0:33:14.200 --> 0:33:15.360
<v Speaker 2>of appetite, constipation.

0:33:15.520 --> 0:33:17.800
<v Speaker 1>I think diarrhea is the least of your worries. If

0:33:17.840 --> 0:33:19.160
<v Speaker 1>you have a life blood.

0:33:19.400 --> 0:33:25.040
<v Speaker 2>High blood pressure, enlarged heart. It affects virtually every system

0:33:25.080 --> 0:33:25.880
<v Speaker 2>in your body basically.

0:33:25.920 --> 0:33:29.960
<v Speaker 1>And the reason why again is because it mimics or

0:33:29.960 --> 0:33:33.280
<v Speaker 1>it takes the place of calcium. And calcium is incredibly vital.

0:33:33.440 --> 0:33:37.360
<v Speaker 1>It's an extremely important mineral that you need found throughout

0:33:37.360 --> 0:33:39.440
<v Speaker 1>your body. And if a leg goes in is like ooh,

0:33:39.960 --> 0:33:42.200
<v Speaker 1>I'm here instead. Yeah, it's not going to do the

0:33:42.240 --> 0:33:44.080
<v Speaker 1>stuff that the calcium is supposed to do, leading to

0:33:44.120 --> 0:33:46.920
<v Speaker 1>all this cascade of horrific problems.

0:33:47.040 --> 0:33:49.040
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. And one of the other scary things is that

0:33:49.080 --> 0:33:52.320
<v Speaker 2>they unless you have acute lead poisoning, you may not know,

0:33:52.520 --> 0:33:54.600
<v Speaker 2>In fact, you probably won't know, yeah, that you're being

0:33:54.640 --> 0:33:57.560
<v Speaker 2>slowly poisoned, and you might just think, oh, I have

0:33:57.880 --> 0:34:01.320
<v Speaker 2>diarrhea and I don't feel like having sex much anymore, right,

0:34:01.360 --> 0:34:03.320
<v Speaker 2>And you might be slowly getting lead poisoning.

0:34:03.440 --> 0:34:06.120
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, and you you just blame that on too many

0:34:06.160 --> 0:34:09.760
<v Speaker 1>buffalo wings. But boom, it's lead poison.

0:34:09.440 --> 0:34:12.239
<v Speaker 2>Take scare of both. Sure you remember being a kid

0:34:12.239 --> 0:34:14.640
<v Speaker 2>and like lead pencils, Like it was a big scare,

0:34:14.760 --> 0:34:16.759
<v Speaker 2>Like you know you got lead poisoning if you got

0:34:16.800 --> 0:34:17.560
<v Speaker 2>poked with a pencil.

0:34:17.640 --> 0:34:19.920
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I remember that, But then I also remember learning

0:34:19.960 --> 0:34:21.960
<v Speaker 1>that it's actually graphite used in pencils.

0:34:22.000 --> 0:34:24.360
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we should have by our age, you should have

0:34:24.440 --> 0:34:27.680
<v Speaker 2>David Reese on Oh yeah, how to sharpen a pencil? Man,

0:34:27.719 --> 0:34:29.320
<v Speaker 2>he can school you on some pencils.

0:34:29.440 --> 0:34:31.319
<v Speaker 1>He wrote a whole book on it, literally wrote the

0:34:31.320 --> 0:34:32.680
<v Speaker 1>book on pencil sharpening.

0:34:32.800 --> 0:34:35.360
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I still have let or I guess, graphite somewhere

0:34:35.400 --> 0:34:39.759
<v Speaker 2>in my hand from when I was jabbed very deep

0:34:39.840 --> 0:34:42.359
<v Speaker 2>with a pencil that broke off. Wow, and it never

0:34:42.440 --> 0:34:44.680
<v Speaker 2>left and there's still just looks like a little black freckle.

0:34:44.920 --> 0:34:46.760
<v Speaker 1>It's like you're in prison and got shanked.

0:34:46.800 --> 0:34:48.640
<v Speaker 2>I know, I can't find where it is shived.

0:34:48.960 --> 0:34:49.919
<v Speaker 1>I see it's right there.

0:34:50.640 --> 0:34:53.759
<v Speaker 2>No, this is scratch good. Try.

0:34:54.040 --> 0:34:57.359
<v Speaker 1>So we've talked about all the cognitive problems that can

0:34:57.400 --> 0:35:01.120
<v Speaker 1>come about in behavioral and emotional This orders that can

0:35:01.160 --> 0:35:04.360
<v Speaker 1>develop from lead. And this is like study after study

0:35:04.360 --> 0:35:06.399
<v Speaker 1>after study has found this. It's one of the big

0:35:06.440 --> 0:35:08.640
<v Speaker 1>reasons why there have been so many restrictions placed on

0:35:08.719 --> 0:35:17.080
<v Speaker 1>lead exposure. And recently some people have some researchers, including

0:35:17.120 --> 0:35:21.680
<v Speaker 1>a couple well, an economist I believe, and an epidemiologist

0:35:21.880 --> 0:35:25.880
<v Speaker 1>have kind of taken that idea that lead can create

0:35:26.280 --> 0:35:29.920
<v Speaker 1>all of these behavioral problems and any social behavioral problems

0:35:31.040 --> 0:35:34.240
<v Speaker 1>and extrapolated to this idea that there is a big

0:35:34.440 --> 0:35:37.680
<v Speaker 1>rise in the crime rate in the United States and

0:35:37.719 --> 0:35:43.719
<v Speaker 1>actually around the world that followed about twenty years the

0:35:43.840 --> 0:35:46.640
<v Speaker 1>same trajectory of the use of lead and gasoline.

0:35:46.800 --> 0:35:52.439
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it was super interesting article, very controversial, like when

0:35:52.440 --> 0:35:56.799
<v Speaker 2>it came well it still is, sure, but yeah, it's

0:35:57.000 --> 0:35:57.600
<v Speaker 2>very interesting.

0:35:57.680 --> 0:36:00.560
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's called lead America's Real Criminal Element. It was

0:36:00.560 --> 0:36:02.600
<v Speaker 1>in Mother Jones. It was written by Kevin Drum. He's

0:36:02.600 --> 0:36:06.680
<v Speaker 1>one of the all time greats working today. And I

0:36:06.719 --> 0:36:10.200
<v Speaker 1>think I've mentioned it before, but I strongly encourage anybody

0:36:10.560 --> 0:36:12.520
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't even matter if lead's the most boring thing

0:36:12.520 --> 0:36:15.239
<v Speaker 1>in the world to you go read this article. You

0:36:15.320 --> 0:36:18.560
<v Speaker 1>will just be riveted by it. And Kevin Drum does

0:36:18.880 --> 0:36:21.839
<v Speaker 1>a lot of he does a very good job of

0:36:22.400 --> 0:36:27.880
<v Speaker 1>keeping his extrapolations down as low as possible, although anybody

0:36:27.920 --> 0:36:30.279
<v Speaker 1>can see by the evidence that he lays out that

0:36:30.840 --> 0:36:33.439
<v Speaker 1>this is it's pretty clear that lead is some sort

0:36:33.440 --> 0:36:37.799
<v Speaker 1>of culprit in this, and it's been shot down in

0:36:37.840 --> 0:36:41.880
<v Speaker 1>that there's this idea that the science isn't settled. I

0:36:41.920 --> 0:36:47.520
<v Speaker 1>suspect that it's the same mechanisms that force with climate denial, Like, oh,

0:36:47.920 --> 0:36:51.600
<v Speaker 1>unsettled science doesn't prove anything. If you look at all

0:36:51.640 --> 0:36:56.040
<v Speaker 1>the studies associated with this, the correlation between lead use

0:36:56.080 --> 0:37:01.240
<v Speaker 1>and gasoline and therefore led emissions in cars and criminal

0:37:01.280 --> 0:37:04.840
<v Speaker 1>activity and its decline again, it just follows it like

0:37:05.160 --> 0:37:09.080
<v Speaker 1>twenty years after. And the whole idea is that when

0:37:09.160 --> 0:37:14.160
<v Speaker 1>we started emitting led into the atmosphere, kids started suffering

0:37:14.200 --> 0:37:17.520
<v Speaker 1>these cognitive and antisocial behaviors. And then about twenty years

0:37:17.560 --> 0:37:20.319
<v Speaker 1>after these kids were born, they started actually carrying out

0:37:20.360 --> 0:37:23.760
<v Speaker 1>criminal activity, and we saw a tremendous rise and everything

0:37:23.840 --> 0:37:28.080
<v Speaker 1>from like murder to rape, to muggings to everything. And

0:37:28.600 --> 0:37:31.479
<v Speaker 1>the article is too long to really go into detail. Again,

0:37:31.600 --> 0:37:33.920
<v Speaker 1>just i'd strongly urge anybody to go read it.

0:37:34.360 --> 0:37:38.600
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the the backlash that I've seen on the article

0:37:38.719 --> 0:37:42.719
<v Speaker 2>wasn't to me like it was all from scientists mainly. Yeah,

0:37:42.719 --> 0:37:44.680
<v Speaker 2>I read a few of them. They weren't poopooing the notion.

0:37:44.840 --> 0:37:47.839
<v Speaker 2>They said, what this means is it bears a lot

0:37:47.880 --> 0:37:51.759
<v Speaker 2>more investigation, but as much as you want. If you

0:37:51.800 --> 0:37:56.000
<v Speaker 2>can't replicate it, it's still possible confirmation bias or just

0:37:56.160 --> 0:37:59.239
<v Speaker 2>sure correlation and not causation, could be a host of

0:37:59.239 --> 0:38:00.560
<v Speaker 2>other issues into that.

0:38:00.560 --> 0:38:02.439
<v Speaker 1>It could be. And Kevin Jrum makes the same point.

0:38:02.480 --> 0:38:05.239
<v Speaker 1>He's like, there's also a rise in the use of

0:38:05.360 --> 0:38:09.160
<v Speaker 1>vinyl albums that followed roughly the same trajectory as well.

0:38:09.200 --> 0:38:12.880
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, you know, of course it needs more study

0:38:12.960 --> 0:38:13.400
<v Speaker 1>for sure.

0:38:13.680 --> 0:38:15.600
<v Speaker 2>Well this is this one scientist said, what you really

0:38:15.600 --> 0:38:18.800
<v Speaker 2>need to do is follow what he calls a cohort study,

0:38:18.800 --> 0:38:25.520
<v Speaker 2>when you actually follow individuals right along a long timeline. Yeah,

0:38:25.560 --> 0:38:28.759
<v Speaker 2>it's just a tough study. It's it bears a lot

0:38:28.800 --> 0:38:34.120
<v Speaker 2>of to prove something like this just takes a lot

0:38:34.200 --> 0:38:37.200
<v Speaker 2>more data than they have.

0:38:37.520 --> 0:38:41.360
<v Speaker 1>Right, And I think the guy you're referencing is Scott Firestone, who.

0:38:41.360 --> 0:38:43.479
<v Speaker 2>Is Yeah, that was a good artist who.

0:38:43.400 --> 0:38:47.120
<v Speaker 1>Wrote on the Discover magazine blog and you know he

0:38:47.200 --> 0:38:51.480
<v Speaker 1>gives kudos to Drum, who definitely deserves it for basically

0:38:51.520 --> 0:38:54.919
<v Speaker 1>saying every time he says, you know it's it's it's

0:38:55.000 --> 0:38:58.799
<v Speaker 1>so obvious, you'd have to be just you know, have

0:38:58.880 --> 0:39:01.319
<v Speaker 1>your head in the sand to deny this. He does

0:39:01.360 --> 0:39:05.560
<v Speaker 1>say that yes, speaking scientifically, it does require more study.

0:39:05.880 --> 0:39:09.120
<v Speaker 2>Super interesting though, because the crime and Drum followed it

0:39:09.160 --> 0:39:10.680
<v Speaker 2>all over the world. He didn't just go to the

0:39:10.719 --> 0:39:13.480
<v Speaker 2>United States, and he saw the same thing in Canada

0:39:13.520 --> 0:39:16.480
<v Speaker 2>and Australia and Great Britain. And the good news is

0:39:16.600 --> 0:39:20.600
<v Speaker 2>if that is the case, then we should see crime dropping.

0:39:20.960 --> 0:39:24.279
<v Speaker 1>Well we have forever. Yeah, But the problem is is

0:39:24.320 --> 0:39:29.680
<v Speaker 1>that it also should get us to basically mitigate the

0:39:29.760 --> 0:39:32.239
<v Speaker 1>lead that is around, like in the soil and in

0:39:32.280 --> 0:39:37.480
<v Speaker 1>the water and everywhere in people's houses. And the dollar

0:39:37.520 --> 0:39:40.880
<v Speaker 1>amounts that he estimates it would cost are pretty prohibitive

0:39:41.320 --> 0:39:43.759
<v Speaker 1>at least as far as like the public will goes

0:39:43.760 --> 0:39:46.319
<v Speaker 1>from right now. But who knows. I mean, if enough

0:39:46.840 --> 0:39:49.400
<v Speaker 1>science is done on it, and you get the scientific

0:39:49.400 --> 0:39:52.640
<v Speaker 1>community vocally speaking about this, then maybe the public will

0:39:52.680 --> 0:39:53.280
<v Speaker 1>will change.

0:39:53.440 --> 0:39:56.879
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. If you do have lead poisoning, you can get

0:39:56.920 --> 0:40:01.840
<v Speaker 2>on meds. There's a prescription called Susimer s U C

0:40:01.960 --> 0:40:02.799
<v Speaker 2>C I M E R.

0:40:03.040 --> 0:40:03.800
<v Speaker 1>That was beautiful.

0:40:03.920 --> 0:40:07.319
<v Speaker 2>Uh, it's that or Suckerer. I like how you said

0:40:08.080 --> 0:40:10.960
<v Speaker 2>they can reduce blood lead. There of course always side

0:40:10.960 --> 0:40:15.160
<v Speaker 2>effects with every medication. And if you work, if you've

0:40:15.280 --> 0:40:18.520
<v Speaker 2>like if there's been a disaster and you get toxic

0:40:18.840 --> 0:40:22.600
<v Speaker 2>lead in your body very quickly, right, they can use

0:40:22.600 --> 0:40:28.200
<v Speaker 2>something called uh Kelson collation collation therapy. Uh. And that's

0:40:28.239 --> 0:40:31.880
<v Speaker 2>when they use a collating agent. I'm not even going

0:40:31.920 --> 0:40:33.440
<v Speaker 2>to try. That's called E T A.

0:40:34.080 --> 0:40:40.960
<v Speaker 1>I'm going to try it. Okay, ethyl lenidiamina tetricetic acid.

0:40:41.239 --> 0:40:45.040
<v Speaker 2>Hey, not bad if you like super quick.

0:40:44.840 --> 0:40:49.160
<v Speaker 1>I missed the last A. That's just a few letters

0:40:49.200 --> 0:40:51.200
<v Speaker 1>off from super califragilistic XP.

0:40:51.840 --> 0:40:54.680
<v Speaker 2>It looks like the alphabet when it's on paper. But uh,

0:40:54.840 --> 0:40:56.319
<v Speaker 2>we'll call it E D T A. And that's when

0:40:56.320 --> 0:41:00.719
<v Speaker 2>it's infused into the bloodstream and actually binds basically says

0:41:00.880 --> 0:41:02.880
<v Speaker 2>lead you're coming with me through the kidney out of

0:41:02.880 --> 0:41:03.320
<v Speaker 2>your body.

0:41:03.440 --> 0:41:07.080
<v Speaker 1>Right. But they use that when it's just an acute

0:41:07.680 --> 0:41:12.440
<v Speaker 1>toxic dose that that a person's been exposed to, if

0:41:12.480 --> 0:41:15.880
<v Speaker 1>a kid's been found to be poisoned with lead. Actually,

0:41:15.960 --> 0:41:19.080
<v Speaker 1>from what I read, one of the best treatments that

0:41:19.880 --> 0:41:22.240
<v Speaker 1>they'll carry out there. There'll be other stuff too, depending

0:41:22.280 --> 0:41:25.680
<v Speaker 1>on how bad it is, but a really good nutritious diet,

0:41:26.520 --> 0:41:28.880
<v Speaker 1>getting the kid foods that are high in things like

0:41:28.960 --> 0:41:31.680
<v Speaker 1>calcium and high in things like vitamin C that help

0:41:31.719 --> 0:41:35.080
<v Speaker 1>the body absorb calcium so that they can go displace

0:41:35.760 --> 0:41:38.719
<v Speaker 1>lead in the body. Because if you got lead and

0:41:38.760 --> 0:41:41.600
<v Speaker 1>you got calcium fighting for the for the same place,

0:41:41.920 --> 0:41:43.360
<v Speaker 1>if you can get the calcium in there, it's going

0:41:43.440 --> 0:41:45.960
<v Speaker 1>to displace the lead and then hopefully leave the body

0:41:46.640 --> 0:41:47.399
<v Speaker 1>like I'm going home.

0:41:47.480 --> 0:41:48.600
<v Speaker 2>That's gotta be hard on the kidney.

0:41:48.680 --> 0:41:52.840
<v Speaker 1>So I don't know, you, Yeah, I think if you

0:41:52.960 --> 0:41:55.760
<v Speaker 1>have an acute lead poisoning or a serious lead poisoning,

0:41:55.760 --> 0:41:57.799
<v Speaker 1>it's it's not good. But yeah, of course it'd be

0:41:58.000 --> 0:41:59.480
<v Speaker 1>hard on the kidneys because one of the things is

0:41:59.520 --> 0:42:00.000
<v Speaker 1>kidney fit.

0:42:01.040 --> 0:42:06.120
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and anemia exactly. If lead is Lead is definitely

0:42:06.120 --> 0:42:08.960
<v Speaker 2>invariably in the ground and the groundwater and in the

0:42:08.960 --> 0:42:13.600
<v Speaker 2>soil around us. And that's a problem because it sort

0:42:13.640 --> 0:42:15.799
<v Speaker 2>of works this way up the food chain in a

0:42:15.840 --> 0:42:20.719
<v Speaker 2>weird way because what you have are these tiny organisms

0:42:20.360 --> 0:42:24.040
<v Speaker 2>it gets in their body, like plankton and microscopic plants

0:42:24.520 --> 0:42:29.640
<v Speaker 2>and they die, and then other things eat that their waste, right,

0:42:29.960 --> 0:42:32.400
<v Speaker 2>and then it just sort of like bigger animals come

0:42:32.440 --> 0:42:33.680
<v Speaker 2>along and keep eating these things.

0:42:33.760 --> 0:42:37.960
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, it's not just humans that suffer from lead toxicity,

0:42:38.000 --> 0:42:40.680
<v Speaker 1>other animals too, even the small ones.

0:42:41.440 --> 0:42:43.880
<v Speaker 2>So should we talk about these Flint lawsuits a little? Yeah,

0:42:43.920 --> 0:42:48.239
<v Speaker 2>and then enchilattis and that will fully yep, well non toxicatus.

0:42:49.000 --> 0:42:51.479
<v Speaker 1>I guess it depends on who manufactured it.

0:42:51.520 --> 0:42:53.399
<v Speaker 2>So I did some reading on the lawsuits. Right now,

0:42:53.400 --> 0:42:56.640
<v Speaker 2>there's more than a dozen and probably growing. I'm sure

0:42:57.040 --> 0:42:59.080
<v Speaker 2>a few of them are class action suits on behalf

0:42:59.120 --> 0:43:02.480
<v Speaker 2>of tens of thousands of Flint residents. And you know,

0:43:02.520 --> 0:43:05.080
<v Speaker 2>attorneys always look their chops when they hear stuff like this.

0:43:06.640 --> 0:43:09.640
<v Speaker 2>But there's some concerns. One is that the state of

0:43:09.680 --> 0:43:12.719
<v Speaker 2>Michigan is, like the city is broke, so don't even bother.

0:43:13.440 --> 0:43:16.120
<v Speaker 2>The state of Michigan may be an route to go

0:43:16.160 --> 0:43:17.920
<v Speaker 2>if you want to get a lot of money, but

0:43:17.960 --> 0:43:20.200
<v Speaker 2>then they say that'll just get pack passed along to

0:43:20.239 --> 0:43:24.760
<v Speaker 2>the taxpayer. And a lot of experts in the legal

0:43:24.800 --> 0:43:28.960
<v Speaker 2>world say that compensation is unlikely to begin with as

0:43:28.960 --> 0:43:32.239
<v Speaker 2>far as money goes, because of something couple of things.

0:43:32.320 --> 0:43:35.880
<v Speaker 2>One thing called sovereign immunity, which basically means the government

0:43:35.880 --> 0:43:38.000
<v Speaker 2>can say, you know, giving water to the citizens is

0:43:38.000 --> 0:43:41.920
<v Speaker 2>a core government function, so we're shielded legally from liability

0:43:41.960 --> 0:43:46.759
<v Speaker 2>for doing that improperly, so like you can't sue us,

0:43:46.800 --> 0:43:49.120
<v Speaker 2>we're trying to give you water. And the other thing

0:43:49.160 --> 0:43:52.319
<v Speaker 2>is specific causation has to be proved. So not only

0:43:52.320 --> 0:43:55.279
<v Speaker 2>do you have to prove that the lead came from

0:43:55.320 --> 0:43:57.440
<v Speaker 2>that water and not like the lead pipes in your

0:43:57.440 --> 0:44:00.160
<v Speaker 2>house or other like the lead paint in your wall,

0:44:00.320 --> 0:44:04.120
<v Speaker 2>maybe it has to come specifically from that Flint River water.

0:44:05.000 --> 0:44:07.640
<v Speaker 2>And you also have to prove that that directly led

0:44:07.680 --> 0:44:10.400
<v Speaker 2>to the problem that your kid is having, and not

0:44:10.880 --> 0:44:11.840
<v Speaker 2>you know, other things.

0:44:11.920 --> 0:44:15.239
<v Speaker 1>Well, one of the things I read was that it's

0:44:15.360 --> 0:44:18.640
<v Speaker 1>very possible that the lead came from the pipes in

0:44:18.680 --> 0:44:22.480
<v Speaker 1>those people's houses, but that it's still on the provider

0:44:22.600 --> 0:44:25.560
<v Speaker 1>of the water. Because they were supposed to be following

0:44:26.200 --> 0:44:30.800
<v Speaker 1>corrosion protection techniques that they lied about following, they weren't

0:44:30.840 --> 0:44:33.680
<v Speaker 1>following them, so it got rid of that protective coating

0:44:33.719 --> 0:44:36.200
<v Speaker 1>that had been on the lead pipes before and was

0:44:36.239 --> 0:44:39.120
<v Speaker 1>bringing all that lead into people's homes directly. So it

0:44:39.160 --> 0:44:41.359
<v Speaker 1>may have been led from the people's homes, but it

0:44:41.400 --> 0:44:44.440
<v Speaker 1>was the corrosive nature of the terrible drinking water that

0:44:44.520 --> 0:44:47.200
<v Speaker 1>was being pumped through those that caused that lead to

0:44:47.239 --> 0:44:49.640
<v Speaker 1>be brought into the people's homes. And then again, on

0:44:49.719 --> 0:44:53.400
<v Speaker 1>top of it, the government was lying about using the

0:44:53.440 --> 0:44:55.480
<v Speaker 1>techniques that they were supposed to be using to prevent

0:44:55.560 --> 0:44:59.040
<v Speaker 1>that from happening. So now that they've switched back over

0:44:59.080 --> 0:45:02.160
<v Speaker 1>to Detroit water, it's going to take a while for

0:45:02.200 --> 0:45:05.160
<v Speaker 1>that protective film to develop on the pipes again. Right, So,

0:45:05.239 --> 0:45:07.879
<v Speaker 1>even now that the different water is coming through, it's

0:45:07.880 --> 0:45:10.640
<v Speaker 1>still lousy with lead. And the sad thing is that

0:45:10.640 --> 0:45:14.680
<v Speaker 1>some people in Flint are too poor to do anything

0:45:14.719 --> 0:45:17.400
<v Speaker 1>about it. They still need water, so they're still drinking

0:45:17.520 --> 0:45:20.160
<v Speaker 1>leaded water even though they know that it's going to

0:45:20.239 --> 0:45:21.320
<v Speaker 1>hurt them down the line.

0:45:21.400 --> 0:45:24.200
<v Speaker 2>Well, and it's sad that it sounds like getting real

0:45:24.239 --> 0:45:27.800
<v Speaker 2>compensation is maybe unlikely.

0:45:28.040 --> 0:45:30.920
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, because a lot of these people who have kids,

0:45:30.960 --> 0:45:36.160
<v Speaker 1>like if their kids suffer severe cognitive development problems, they're

0:45:36.200 --> 0:45:38.120
<v Speaker 1>gonna need help like the rest of their lives.

0:45:38.800 --> 0:45:43.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. This one guy, he's a law professor specializing an

0:45:43.719 --> 0:45:46.680
<v Speaker 2>environmental law named Noah Hall. He says what the probably

0:45:46.760 --> 0:45:48.200
<v Speaker 2>the smart thing to do, if you really want to

0:45:48.200 --> 0:45:50.359
<v Speaker 2>help these people is set up do what they did

0:45:50.440 --> 0:45:53.279
<v Speaker 2>with the Deep Water Horizon spill and set up a

0:45:53.320 --> 0:46:00.640
<v Speaker 2>victim's compensation fund instead of doing it via lawsuit like legislature.

0:46:02.640 --> 0:46:03.520
<v Speaker 2>Maybe that would help.

0:46:03.520 --> 0:46:04.480
<v Speaker 1>I don't know, Yeah, I don't know.

0:46:05.520 --> 0:46:07.560
<v Speaker 2>He basically said what the state shouldn't do is fight this.

0:46:08.000 --> 0:46:10.920
<v Speaker 2>He's like, that would be big trouble. He said they

0:46:10.920 --> 0:46:13.279
<v Speaker 2>should set up some sort of fund so then they

0:46:13.280 --> 0:46:15.279
<v Speaker 2>look like the good guy still. But then I think

0:46:15.320 --> 0:46:17.239
<v Speaker 2>you don't get all the dirty details dragged out in

0:46:17.239 --> 0:46:18.799
<v Speaker 2>public like you would with a lass.

0:46:18.960 --> 0:46:21.960
<v Speaker 1>Well, apparently they're already coming out anyway, like troves of

0:46:22.040 --> 0:46:26.680
<v Speaker 1>emails have been released. The governor set up a task

0:46:26.760 --> 0:46:28.600
<v Speaker 1>force to find out who is to blame, and they

0:46:28.600 --> 0:46:31.879
<v Speaker 1>turned around and they were like you, and.

0:46:31.840 --> 0:46:33.520
<v Speaker 2>He said, fire the task for right.

0:46:33.400 --> 0:46:37.080
<v Speaker 1>Exactly, You're all fired. Yeah. I don't know what's gonna happen,

0:46:37.160 --> 0:46:39.560
<v Speaker 1>but it's very scary public health scare.

0:46:39.680 --> 0:46:42.480
<v Speaker 2>Flint, I know, talk about a city that's been roughed

0:46:42.520 --> 0:46:43.239
<v Speaker 2>up over the years.

0:46:43.480 --> 0:46:47.439
<v Speaker 1>I know. Well, we're there with you, Flint, hanging there.

0:46:48.120 --> 0:46:50.720
<v Speaker 1>If you want to learn more about lead or Flint

0:46:51.040 --> 0:46:55.400
<v Speaker 1>or criminal activity. You can check out all these different

0:46:55.520 --> 0:46:58.399
<v Speaker 1>articles on the Internet and you can type lead into

0:46:58.440 --> 0:47:00.359
<v Speaker 1>the search bar House of Works dot com. I'll bring

0:47:00.400 --> 0:47:03.360
<v Speaker 1>up a pretty great article. Since I said pretty great article,

0:47:03.360 --> 0:47:04.520
<v Speaker 1>it's time for a listener. Man.

0:47:07.520 --> 0:47:10.120
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to call this Finland Rules. Remember we did

0:47:10.120 --> 0:47:12.920
<v Speaker 2>the Dark Money podcast and I was like, what's a

0:47:12.960 --> 0:47:15.799
<v Speaker 2>good place that's not corrupt? I remember we heard from

0:47:15.800 --> 0:47:19.400
<v Speaker 2>a lot of people in Scandinavia. Hi, I'm an American

0:47:19.440 --> 0:47:21.120
<v Speaker 2>living in Helsinki for the last few years with my

0:47:21.120 --> 0:47:24.160
<v Speaker 2>Finnish husband. Chuck, you were right on the money when

0:47:24.160 --> 0:47:26.879
<v Speaker 2>you said there's very little political corruption here. Of course

0:47:26.920 --> 0:47:29.840
<v Speaker 2>there are some, because there are humans, after all, but

0:47:29.840 --> 0:47:32.279
<v Speaker 2>the level compared to the States is laughable. When I

0:47:32.320 --> 0:47:34.200
<v Speaker 2>asked my husband about it, he thought for a second.

0:47:34.280 --> 0:47:37.000
<v Speaker 2>Asked about corruption scandals, he said, a few years back,

0:47:38.000 --> 0:47:40.320
<v Speaker 2>there was something about a prime minister who accepted lumber

0:47:40.640 --> 0:47:43.960
<v Speaker 2>from a company to build his house. Huh, that was it.

0:47:43.960 --> 0:47:46.160
<v Speaker 2>It seems comical to me considering the States in an

0:47:46.239 --> 0:47:49.040
<v Speaker 2>election year. Also, the campaign season is a much shorter year,

0:47:49.080 --> 0:47:51.359
<v Speaker 2>and it's done a little different. A party runs there

0:47:51.360 --> 0:47:54.120
<v Speaker 2>at least five major parties. That's crazy in and of

0:47:54.160 --> 0:47:57.760
<v Speaker 2>itself sure like crazy good Yeah. Party runs in whichever

0:47:57.840 --> 0:48:00.760
<v Speaker 2>gets a majority, elects from its ranks the prime minister

0:48:00.840 --> 0:48:03.160
<v Speaker 2>and makes a cabinet out of a coalition of the

0:48:03.200 --> 0:48:07.279
<v Speaker 2>other parties which receive high numbers of votes. How about that,

0:48:08.200 --> 0:48:09.480
<v Speaker 2>Like you came in second.

0:48:09.360 --> 0:48:13.120
<v Speaker 1>You're on board too, I mean, come on, and here's

0:48:13.160 --> 0:48:13.920
<v Speaker 1>your participant.

0:48:14.040 --> 0:48:18.200
<v Speaker 2>Ribbon campaigns are paid for by disclosed donations and public funds.

0:48:18.840 --> 0:48:20.799
<v Speaker 2>He also made a comment about the high taxes here.

0:48:21.440 --> 0:48:25.520
<v Speaker 2>Many people, usually Americans, say that with distaste that the

0:48:25.560 --> 0:48:27.239
<v Speaker 2>taxes are so high here. But I've come to think

0:48:27.320 --> 0:48:29.959
<v Speaker 2>very highly of it. I've discovered that I don't really

0:48:30.000 --> 0:48:32.239
<v Speaker 2>need another pair of jeans or a new jacket. What

0:48:32.280 --> 0:48:35.320
<v Speaker 2>I need is an educated society around me, and access

0:48:35.360 --> 0:48:38.280
<v Speaker 2>to quality healthcare and a truly equal society where everyone

0:48:38.320 --> 0:48:42.560
<v Speaker 2>is safe and has her basic needs met. That is

0:48:42.560 --> 0:48:46.480
<v Speaker 2>from Gabrielle. Wow, a lot of people hate your guts

0:48:46.480 --> 0:48:48.080
<v Speaker 2>for saying that, Gabrielle.

0:48:48.239 --> 0:48:51.960
<v Speaker 1>That is so brave of you. Thanks Gabrielle for writing in.

0:48:53.960 --> 0:48:57.280
<v Speaker 1>I don't know how they say audios in Finland.

0:48:57.360 --> 0:48:58.200
<v Speaker 2>No, she's American.

0:48:58.600 --> 0:49:02.359
<v Speaker 1>Well, goodbye. Thank you for writing in. If you want

0:49:02.360 --> 0:49:04.200
<v Speaker 1>to get in touch with us, You can tweak to

0:49:04.280 --> 0:49:06.560
<v Speaker 1>us at s ysk podcast. You can join us on

0:49:06.600 --> 0:49:08.719
<v Speaker 1>Facebook dot com slash stuff you Should Know if you

0:49:08.760 --> 0:49:11.720
<v Speaker 1>can send us an email to Stuff podcast at HowStuffWorks

0:49:11.719 --> 0:49:15.040
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0:49:15.120 --> 0:49:18.280
<v Speaker 1>at stuff youshould Know dot com.

0:49:18.680 --> 0:49:18.880
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0:49:19.400 --> 0:49:21.680
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0:49:22.200 --> 0:49:25.400
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