WEBVTT - Part Two: In Honor Of Our New Monarchy, Let's Talk About Versailles

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<v Speaker 1>Also media.

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<v Speaker 2>Ah, we're back, and you know we're talking about Versailles,

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<v Speaker 2>me and my friend ed Edward Zitron. I've never called Edward.

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<v Speaker 2>It feels wrong. It's mostly what my mother calls me.

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<v Speaker 3>When I've done something like Edward Edward Benjamin Zitron. That's

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<v Speaker 3>when I know I'm in real trouble.

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<v Speaker 2>Edward Benjamin Zitron.

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<v Speaker 3>That's when the that's that's yeah, that's that's when I'm about.

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<v Speaker 2>To really do that. Yeah, I feel like I need

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<v Speaker 2>to punish you for something. Just hearing that.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's exactly it.

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<v Speaker 2>It's the punishment phrase. So ed a better offline. We're

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<v Speaker 2>talking about Versailles and the weird culture of oligarchy. Well

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<v Speaker 2>it wasn't. I mean, it's an aristocracy, but whatever. Like,

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<v Speaker 2>we're talking about this weird subculture that Louis the fourteenth creator.

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<v Speaker 4>During that during that break between recording episodes, neither of

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<v Speaker 4>you peede right because I'm not okay with that.

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<v Speaker 2>I I pissed, behead you, behead you. It's done. Fortress.

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<v Speaker 2>Honestly though, it'd be pretty cool if I just got

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<v Speaker 2>to live in a fortress forever. I would not mind

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<v Speaker 2>a nice fortress stead. But don't pee as long as

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<v Speaker 2>it's all the time.

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<v Speaker 3>I drink so many diet cokes I would be beheaded.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you would not have lasted a minute in verse

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<v Speaker 2>I me, I'm great at holding my pe. I'd have

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<v Speaker 2>been the fucking king's best friend. We'd have gotten wasted together.

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<v Speaker 2>We'd have been gambling. It is funny to me that

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<v Speaker 2>like all of these royal well every night gambling, constantly

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<v Speaker 2>losing and making fortunes, like while the country. A big

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<v Speaker 2>part of like why people get increasingly angry in the

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<v Speaker 2>period from here up to seventeen eighty nine when the

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<v Speaker 2>revolution happens, is like every day in these like newspapers

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<v Speaker 2>that are getting smuggled into France and you know these

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<v Speaker 2>other different like kind of news delivering methods. We'll talk

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<v Speaker 2>about that whole news ecosystem in Paris in a little bit.

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<v Speaker 2>But every day people are reading stories about like who

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<v Speaker 2>lost how much money? And Versailles. So they're like, oh,

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<v Speaker 2>the price of bread just tripled, my family's going to

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<v Speaker 2>starve and die. And the Duke de Orleone gambled away

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<v Speaker 2>seven hundred thousand livres like just burnt it for nothing.

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<v Speaker 2>Kind of pissed about that.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, well, no, it's the case, may.

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<v Speaker 2>Be, yeah right, I would dare not be pissed about

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<v Speaker 2>it in front of the King. You know, the fact

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<v Speaker 2>that gambling is absolutely central to the culture of this

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<v Speaker 2>leadership caste, who all live at Versailles with the King.

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<v Speaker 2>I can't not think about crypto and how central that

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<v Speaker 2>is to the people who are trying to make themselves

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<v Speaker 2>the new the American nobility, right, who want to be

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<v Speaker 2>our hereditary aristocracy that rules things, and how they spend

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<v Speaker 2>most of their time and money gambling on crypto. Yeah, anyway,

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know, interesting interesting history, yes, yes, and they

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<v Speaker 2>even have their own you know, they've got mar A Lago,

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<v Speaker 2>which Trump clearly wants to be a sort of Versailles.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, he lacks the atrocity gene, true, like I'm sure

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<v Speaker 3>he would love to do one, but like he lacks

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<v Speaker 3>the killer instinct of these perverts.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, yeah, he did not have to literally fight a

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<v Speaker 2>series of wars in over to get where order to

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<v Speaker 2>get where he is, which again, that's consistently the best

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<v Speaker 2>thing we have going for us.

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<v Speaker 1>You know.

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<v Speaker 2>It's the same as like, well, at least this generation

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<v Speaker 2>of fascists didn't all spend four years fighting in close

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<v Speaker 2>quarters in trenches. You know that said neither did we.

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<v Speaker 2>So the social constitution of Versailles took a lot from

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<v Speaker 2>its founder, which meant that the whole place was a

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<v Speaker 2>huge adultery club all the time. There's a great story

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<v Speaker 2>in Nancy Mitford's book that might be apocryphal, but it

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<v Speaker 2>tells of a high ranking noble returning home early from

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<v Speaker 2>a trip abroad to find his wife in bed with

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<v Speaker 2>her lover, and he apologized to both of them. He

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<v Speaker 2>was like, oh my god, I didn't warn you I'd

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<v Speaker 2>come home early. Of course you're fucking some dude. Oh

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<v Speaker 2>my god, I am so embarrassed. This is on me.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, it's not Poland, yeah, it's like Portland completely

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<v Speaker 2>my bad.

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<v Speaker 3>You should apologize.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh rude. The normalization of this behavior among the ruling

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<v Speaker 2>class contributed to a growing break with the bourgeoisie in

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<v Speaker 2>the working class of France, because while these nobles who

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<v Speaker 2>are living together, they don't really most of them. There

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<v Speaker 2>are conflicts that emerge, but most of them aren't super

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<v Speaker 2>judgmental about adultery, right, It is just kind of considered

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<v Speaker 2>something you do. The working class and most of the

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<v Speaker 2>bourgeoisie are extremely Catholic and they are not okay with this.

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<v Speaker 2>And again, as more of this stuff leaks and gets

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<v Speaker 2>leaked out, right, if you want to, if you are

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<v Speaker 2>politically opposed to Madame de montespan right or whichever of

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<v Speaker 2>the King's lovers, you leak out stories of her doing

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<v Speaker 2>fucked up shit, you know, gambling irresponsibly, being drunk, sleeping

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<v Speaker 2>around on the king right, or whatever, and that both

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<v Speaker 2>makes the king look bad and it makes the King

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<v Speaker 2>more likely to send her away right right.

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<v Speaker 3>And because the peasantry would get morally offended, well, I mean,

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<v Speaker 3>that's kind of a by product, right.

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<v Speaker 2>The reason why you, as a noble at Versailles, are

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<v Speaker 2>leaking out stories about her is you want to hurt

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<v Speaker 2>her position, right, And the stories will get out into

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<v Speaker 2>the press, and then the police will find out that

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<v Speaker 2>peasants are talking about this and bourgeoisiser talking about this.

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<v Speaker 2>They'll bring that story back to the King and then

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<v Speaker 2>he'll know that he's been embarrassed. And so your goal

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<v Speaker 2>is a noble leaking that is to influence that situation.

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<v Speaker 2>But the byproduct of this is that the peasantry and

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<v Speaker 2>the like the regular people of France are constantly hearing

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<v Speaker 2>about how the king is sleeping around and not being

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<v Speaker 2>a good Catholic, and that makes them increasingly angry and

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<v Speaker 2>disaffected from the monarchy. This is a process that occurs

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<v Speaker 2>over like a century, but this, the sheer weight of

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<v Speaker 2>all these stories, changes completely how regular people think about

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<v Speaker 2>their rulers, right, in a way that is very negative

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<v Speaker 2>and that contributes to the growth of revolutionary sentiment. Right,

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<v Speaker 2>it's a part of it, you know. So this whole

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<v Speaker 2>process gets really escalated when Madame DeMont Span succeeds in

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<v Speaker 2>using magic to win the king over as her lover. Now,

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<v Speaker 2>Madame de Montespand had a husband, and in most cases,

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<v Speaker 2>when the king fucks your wife, you're cool with it.

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<v Speaker 2>For one thing. As a noble you are rarely married

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<v Speaker 2>for love. Right. You got married with this lady because

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<v Speaker 2>of a money thing, because of a political alliance. So like,

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<v Speaker 2>you don't really care who she fucks as long as

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<v Speaker 2>you're able to fuck who you like. Right. This is

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<v Speaker 2>not the case with Madame de Montespan's wife and the king.

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<v Speaker 2>Normally his thing is like to the husband, Hey, here

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<v Speaker 2>have a couple of privileges. You you get all the

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<v Speaker 2>tax money from this specific and it's something king, yes,

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<v Speaker 2>oh yes, you get very well rewarded. Right. And it's

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<v Speaker 2>also there's no shame in being cucked by the king, right,

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<v Speaker 2>he's the king, you know, like it's kind of a

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<v Speaker 2>bragging point of like, yeah, my wife is shtup in

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<v Speaker 2>the king. Now I get all of the taxes paid

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<v Speaker 2>on you know, fine leather work in Normandy or whatever,

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<v Speaker 2>you know. But this guy felt differently. And his uncle

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<v Speaker 2>was the Archbishop of Sins, right, so his uncle is

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<v Speaker 2>a high ranking member of the Catholic clergy. This guy's

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<v Speaker 2>pissed that the king is fucking his wife, and so

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<v Speaker 2>the archbishop his uncle, in order to punish the king,

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<v Speaker 2>finds a different married woman in his bishopric who's cheating

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<v Speaker 2>on her husband, and he makes her do public penance. Right,

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<v Speaker 2>He like puts her in public and punishes her, and

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<v Speaker 2>he posts public warnings about the sin of adultery. Now, again,

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<v Speaker 2>there's no free press in France, but numerous French papers

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<v Speaker 2>and pamphlets are printed in Amsterdam or the Hague and

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<v Speaker 2>sent across and the population is generally aware of what's

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<v Speaker 2>going on. As a result, the scandal peters out. Eventually

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<v Speaker 2>largely because the son king refuses to give a shit

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<v Speaker 2>about it or stop traveling around with his wife, his

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<v Speaker 2>pregnant former mistress, and his new mistress all in this

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<v Speaker 2>shit same carriage. There's a very funny moment where they're

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<v Speaker 2>all like traveling to the front together one day after

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<v Speaker 2>they work out their differences and get along, and some

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<v Speaker 2>of the soldiers they pass are like, I just saw

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<v Speaker 2>the king and the three queens of France.

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<v Speaker 3>Damn Jesus Christ.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, the fact they're alive. Will we're allowed to live? Yeah?

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know the rest of that thirty one year

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<v Speaker 2>old life. Yeah, right now. Speaking of which, travel in

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<v Speaker 2>the king's carriage was one of the great honors the

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<v Speaker 2>Versailles set competed over whenever he went on a trip.

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<v Speaker 2>If he picked you to travel with him, that's a

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<v Speaker 2>big deal, right, You've like won a major win. But

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<v Speaker 2>it's also miserable. As Mitford writes, these journeys, except for

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<v Speaker 2>the prestige they gave, were a real torment to his

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<v Speaker 2>companions and the coldest weather, all the windows had to

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<v Speaker 2>be kept open, as he could not bear stuffiness. The

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<v Speaker 2>ladies were expected to be merry eat a great deal.

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<v Speaker 2>He hated people to refuse food and to have no

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<v Speaker 2>physical needs that would force them to leave the coach,

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<v Speaker 2>and they hit, no, they can't do it any just

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<v Speaker 2>if by any chance they were taken ill, fainted, or

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<v Speaker 2>felt sick, they could expect no sympathy. On the contrary,

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<v Speaker 2>Disfavor said it, he's such a freak. Louis the fourteenth

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<v Speaker 2>had no sympathy for his pregnant mistresses either. He's going

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<v Speaker 2>to get you pregnant, and he's going to take care

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<v Speaker 2>of his bastard kids. He pays for them, He pays

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<v Speaker 2>for them well, they live very well, and he's like

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<v Speaker 2>the treats the kids reasonably nice. He hates pregnancy, so

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<v Speaker 2>his mistresses, when he gets them pregnant, are ordered to

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<v Speaker 2>hide their condition from him and the like. It's understood,

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<v Speaker 2>if you get pregnant, you need to not tell me.

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<v Speaker 2>You need to do everything you can to hide it,

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<v Speaker 2>and you need to have the kid quietly and then

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<v Speaker 2>smuggle it out of the palace into the hands of

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<v Speaker 2>some common maid or a poor noble or someone who

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<v Speaker 2>I will pay them to raise this kid. Right, So

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<v Speaker 2>does this guy like every nine months or so, just

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<v Speaker 2>find out he has a you child yes, Oh, okay,

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<v Speaker 2>you basically Louis the fourteenth Life. Yeah, I'm kids crazy,

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<v Speaker 2>another kid, Okay, some money, pay some random lady to

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<v Speaker 2>take care of it. I don't want to hear about

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<v Speaker 2>it though. Yeah, there's just one weird story. There's this

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<v Speaker 2>lady who he like. He like, pays her to take

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<v Speaker 2>care of one of his bastards because he hates her

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<v Speaker 2>and he wants her away from Versailles. And then the

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<v Speaker 2>kid dies immediately, and she's so sad about it that

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<v Speaker 2>he starts to like her, and he's like, oh, you

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<v Speaker 2>know what, then she got sad when my kid died.

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<v Speaker 2>Now I think she's cool. He is, He's a weird

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<v Speaker 2>he's nothing like then nothing would. Yeah. In general, one

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<v Speaker 2>thing you are struck by reading about Versailles under the

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<v Speaker 2>Sun King is that everyone lives in constant terror of

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<v Speaker 2>pissing this one dude off. One of his courtiers who

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<v Speaker 2>never quite made it to the inner circle later said falseness, servility,

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<v Speaker 2>admiring glances, combined with a dependent and cringing attitude above

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<v Speaker 2>all in appearance of being nothing without him, were the

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<v Speaker 2>only means of pleasing him. Cool dad to hang out with.

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<v Speaker 3>Hey, I'm joining my my economy ruining house.

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<v Speaker 2>It would be miserable. It's built up bones and costs

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<v Speaker 2>half of France to run.

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<v Speaker 3>The Twilight Zone episode about this with like a child.

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<v Speaker 2>Sounds horrifying. This sounds great for him. Yeah, yeah, now

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<v Speaker 2>the end. Oh, I don't know that we have a

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<v Speaker 2>full idea, but a bunch a bunch of bastards and

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<v Speaker 2>some legit kids, okay, Now, a displeased king could be

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<v Speaker 2>a terrifying thing. A representative story came when a group

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<v Speaker 2>of the King's friends got lost hunting one day. They

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<v Speaker 2>stumbled upon a cabin twenty miles or so from Versailles,

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<v Speaker 2>and the old man who lived there took them in

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<v Speaker 2>and fed them right. During a conversation while they're having

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<v Speaker 2>dinner that night, they found out that he had been

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<v Speaker 2>a frondeur, that is, a member of the rebellion in

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<v Speaker 2>Louis the fourteenth childhood, right that we started the episode

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<v Speaker 2>talking about. So the King's friends returned to Versailles and

0:12:36.120 --> 0:12:38.199
<v Speaker 2>they're like, hey, man, you'll never believe this. You know,

0:12:38.320 --> 0:12:40.240
<v Speaker 2>we met this old dude. He was part of the

0:12:40.280 --> 0:12:42.760
<v Speaker 2>rebellion years ago. He just lives right next to Versailles.

0:12:42.920 --> 0:12:44.920
<v Speaker 2>Very nice guy. You know, and they thought the King

0:12:44.960 --> 0:12:48.559
<v Speaker 2>would find it amusing. The King was livid and he

0:12:48.679 --> 0:12:53.880
<v Speaker 2>had the man trapped down and executed immediately. So real,

0:12:54.320 --> 0:12:58.400
<v Speaker 2>not a forgiving fellow. What of For another example of

0:12:58.559 --> 0:13:01.319
<v Speaker 2>like how Mercury old this guy could be one of

0:13:01.360 --> 0:13:04.439
<v Speaker 2>his closest friends in confidants was a guy named la Zune,

0:13:05.280 --> 0:13:07.360
<v Speaker 2>and la Zune got the idea in his mind one

0:13:07.440 --> 0:13:10.760
<v Speaker 2>day that he wanted to marry the King's cousin. Now

0:13:11.480 --> 0:13:13.559
<v Speaker 2>the same like at the same time as he's like

0:13:13.679 --> 0:13:15.120
<v Speaker 2>being like, hey, man, you should let me do this,

0:13:15.440 --> 0:13:18.240
<v Speaker 2>he starts making jokes which annoy the king, and the

0:13:18.320 --> 0:13:21.520
<v Speaker 2>King gets increasingly pissed off over the course of the night.

0:13:21.640 --> 0:13:23.760
<v Speaker 2>At like the fact that this guy is joking around

0:13:23.800 --> 0:13:26.439
<v Speaker 2>and talking about marrying his cousin, the King has his

0:13:26.800 --> 0:13:29.200
<v Speaker 2>very good friend arrested and locked away in a fortress

0:13:29.240 --> 0:13:29.800
<v Speaker 2>for ten years.

0:13:31.040 --> 0:13:33.839
<v Speaker 3>So the guy, well, the guys, the guy, the guy,

0:13:34.120 --> 0:13:37.280
<v Speaker 3>the guy, Okay, cool. Why does anyone joke with Louis?

0:13:37.960 --> 0:13:41.160
<v Speaker 2>Yeah it is. Is there a reward for being funny?

0:13:41.240 --> 0:13:44.360
<v Speaker 2>I suppose yes, because a big, big part of why

0:13:44.440 --> 0:13:46.679
<v Speaker 2>he likes the mistresses he likes is they can make

0:13:46.760 --> 0:13:49.560
<v Speaker 2>him laugh. If you can make him laugh, you can

0:13:49.640 --> 0:13:51.160
<v Speaker 2>get close to him, and there's you can get a

0:13:51.200 --> 0:13:55.400
<v Speaker 2>lot of benefits from that. But obviously comedy is a

0:13:55.520 --> 0:13:59.920
<v Speaker 2>very two edged sort, you know, kolemedy is both legal

0:14:00.200 --> 0:14:03.400
<v Speaker 2>illegal again, yes, yeah, it really depends on how the

0:14:03.920 --> 0:14:07.160
<v Speaker 2>sun King feels in any given moment. So very a

0:14:07.360 --> 0:14:10.120
<v Speaker 2>dangerous place to take make jokes. This is this is

0:14:10.280 --> 0:14:11.120
<v Speaker 2>truly insane.

0:14:12.000 --> 0:14:14.960
<v Speaker 3>This is just like but it's like, there's a completely

0:14:15.320 --> 0:14:18.199
<v Speaker 3>there's a set of laws social and financial, and you

0:14:18.280 --> 0:14:20.360
<v Speaker 3>could just die because you were slightly.

0:14:20.160 --> 0:14:22.640
<v Speaker 2>Rude, yes, yes, in a way that you would never

0:14:22.760 --> 0:14:24.920
<v Speaker 2>have been able to guess, like you'll never find out

0:14:24.920 --> 0:14:27.000
<v Speaker 2>because your dad Yeah yeah, yeah, your dad are or

0:14:27.240 --> 0:14:31.160
<v Speaker 2>and usually just locked away. But if you're noble, usually

0:14:31.200 --> 0:14:35.120
<v Speaker 2>you just get locked away. So by the sixteen seventies,

0:14:35.160 --> 0:14:38.640
<v Speaker 2>the late sixteen seventies, Louis has created a captive society

0:14:38.680 --> 0:14:42.560
<v Speaker 2>of increasingly deranged, terrified, out of touch nobles whose entire

0:14:42.640 --> 0:14:44.760
<v Speaker 2>life revolves around trying to get him to like them.

0:14:45.160 --> 0:14:47.640
<v Speaker 2>The stakes are life and death. A bad joke can

0:14:47.680 --> 0:14:50.960
<v Speaker 2>get you locked in a fortress, and so again, people

0:14:51.080 --> 0:14:55.280
<v Speaker 2>increasingly turn to black magic. And one of the things

0:14:55.320 --> 0:14:57.640
<v Speaker 2>that's happening, as I said, A lot of this is nonsense,

0:14:57.760 --> 0:15:00.200
<v Speaker 2>like these black masses and stuff I don't think are

0:15:00.280 --> 0:15:02.880
<v Speaker 2>doing anything real, but there is a lot of real

0:15:03.040 --> 0:15:04.840
<v Speaker 2>stuff being sold by these witches.

0:15:05.080 --> 0:15:05.200
<v Speaker 3>Right.

0:15:05.880 --> 0:15:09.440
<v Speaker 2>Witchcraft has always been heavily tied to early medicine, and

0:15:09.560 --> 0:15:14.280
<v Speaker 2>particularly the use of botanical drugs. This often meant a

0:15:14.360 --> 0:15:17.360
<v Speaker 2>border of fasciants, right, like if you got pregnant and

0:15:17.440 --> 0:15:19.040
<v Speaker 2>didn't want to be, if it was bad for you

0:15:19.120 --> 0:15:21.720
<v Speaker 2>to be pregnant, especially all of the fucking that goes

0:15:21.800 --> 0:15:25.520
<v Speaker 2>on in you know, between these nobles, it's not always

0:15:25.560 --> 0:15:28.200
<v Speaker 2>a good idea to get pregnant with the person you're fucking.

0:15:28.840 --> 0:15:31.360
<v Speaker 2>You can get an abortion from these from these witches,

0:15:31.480 --> 0:15:34.360
<v Speaker 2>right the witch but they also offer they offer what

0:15:34.440 --> 0:15:38.320
<v Speaker 2>are called inheritance powders, which is literally poisoned to kill

0:15:38.400 --> 0:15:41.080
<v Speaker 2>the guy you will inherit his like the money of right,

0:15:41.800 --> 0:15:44.480
<v Speaker 2>like offer your husband. And over the middle of the

0:15:44.520 --> 0:15:47.560
<v Speaker 2>sun King's reign, it becomes very common to poison rivals

0:15:47.640 --> 0:15:50.840
<v Speaker 2>for his affections. In other words, you are trying to

0:15:51.040 --> 0:15:53.280
<v Speaker 2>kill people if they are closer to the king, and

0:15:53.400 --> 0:15:55.640
<v Speaker 2>you want to be close to the king. For the

0:15:55.720 --> 0:15:59.760
<v Speaker 2>most popular poisons are arsenic and antimony. In Versailles, these

0:15:59.800 --> 0:16:03.000
<v Speaker 2>were often snuck. How would you guess? What would you

0:16:03.040 --> 0:16:04.920
<v Speaker 2>guess is the most common way to poison people to

0:16:04.960 --> 0:16:10.200
<v Speaker 2>death in versai Well, poison them death. We're talking about

0:16:10.200 --> 0:16:10.840
<v Speaker 2>tron spoiling.

0:16:12.120 --> 0:16:15.520
<v Speaker 4>I'm gonna guess. No, no, no, I'm gonna guess that.

0:16:15.760 --> 0:16:18.480
<v Speaker 4>It is like they sneak it into the food.

0:16:19.080 --> 0:16:22.360
<v Speaker 2>M Okay, you're gonna guess food and you get a

0:16:22.400 --> 0:16:24.400
<v Speaker 2>guess for the most common way to poison someone at

0:16:24.480 --> 0:16:25.440
<v Speaker 2>versa something.

0:16:25.200 --> 0:16:28.440
<v Speaker 3>To do with clothing, some sort of like some sort

0:16:28.480 --> 0:16:30.680
<v Speaker 3>of accessory perhaps that can have a poison on it.

0:16:31.200 --> 0:16:33.280
<v Speaker 2>That is actually one of them. But that's not the

0:16:33.360 --> 0:16:37.280
<v Speaker 2>most common method. So I'm gonna give you a partial Sophie,

0:16:37.400 --> 0:16:39.920
<v Speaker 2>you're wrong. The most common way to poison people at

0:16:40.000 --> 0:16:52.360
<v Speaker 2>Versailles is to put poison in their enemas. So social

0:16:52.480 --> 0:16:56.480
<v Speaker 2>life at the palace, there's huge feasts all the time, right,

0:16:56.800 --> 0:16:59.400
<v Speaker 2>Like you're still be having these big feasts, and the

0:16:59.600 --> 0:17:02.840
<v Speaker 2>king is obsessed. He hates it when people don't eat.

0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.240
<v Speaker 2>If he is offering you food, you have to eat.

0:17:05.680 --> 0:17:07.240
<v Speaker 2>You have to eat a lot.

0:17:08.240 --> 0:17:09.560
<v Speaker 5>Don't ship in any.

0:17:09.480 --> 0:17:13.159
<v Speaker 3>Presenting less you use the shitting the anima thing.

0:17:13.320 --> 0:17:16.800
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and that's fine then, is now didn't want to

0:17:16.840 --> 0:17:20.680
<v Speaker 2>get fat? Right, Like there's a degree of stigma around that,

0:17:21.600 --> 0:17:25.359
<v Speaker 2>especially for like women at the court. And more to

0:17:25.440 --> 0:17:26.320
<v Speaker 2>the point, well.

0:17:26.280 --> 0:17:28.120
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, body shaving.

0:17:30.080 --> 0:17:34.440
<v Speaker 2>Do better sunking. The kind of food, the kind of

0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:37.840
<v Speaker 2>foods people are eating, these very rich foods, a lot

0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:42.800
<v Speaker 2>of cheese. People don't poop very well after eating feasts.

0:17:43.200 --> 0:17:48.119
<v Speaker 2>So inimas, everyone is taking enemas regularly because it's the

0:17:48.200 --> 0:17:50.760
<v Speaker 2>only way to relieve yourself after the king forces you

0:17:50.880 --> 0:17:54.360
<v Speaker 2>to eat six thousand calories of final and meat. Here

0:17:54.560 --> 0:17:57.760
<v Speaker 2>was this as well, This is like the sixteen seventy sixteen.

0:17:57.880 --> 0:18:00.520
<v Speaker 3>How many people died from these fucking things? Like, we

0:18:00.680 --> 0:18:02.720
<v Speaker 3>must have been a lot of infections.

0:18:03.320 --> 0:18:06.520
<v Speaker 2>We'll never know because like number one, arsenic looks like

0:18:06.600 --> 0:18:09.359
<v Speaker 2>a couple of other things, and somebody has a feast

0:18:09.560 --> 0:18:11.840
<v Speaker 2>and then has a heart attack or gets it. People

0:18:11.880 --> 0:18:13.840
<v Speaker 2>get sick and die for all sorts of reasons, and

0:18:13.920 --> 0:18:18.520
<v Speaker 2>we're bad at diagnosing, right. We do know there are

0:18:18.640 --> 0:18:20.760
<v Speaker 2>a number of proven poisonings, but we don't know how

0:18:20.800 --> 0:18:23.760
<v Speaker 2>many of the deaths at Versailles because Versaia is also

0:18:24.160 --> 0:18:27.200
<v Speaker 2>it's very easy to get sick there because you live

0:18:27.280 --> 0:18:29.760
<v Speaker 2>in a big house with three thousand people.

0:18:31.080 --> 0:18:34.200
<v Speaker 3>Well, like pissing and pooping disease in weird places.

0:18:34.640 --> 0:18:37.399
<v Speaker 2>That's probably that's not much of the problem. It's more

0:18:37.520 --> 0:18:40.280
<v Speaker 2>just that you know, flu season comes around and everyone

0:18:40.400 --> 0:18:43.800
<v Speaker 2>is in the same big room together, right, you know,

0:18:44.080 --> 0:18:47.000
<v Speaker 2>it's just easy to get sick. Again.

0:18:47.800 --> 0:18:50.359
<v Speaker 4>The thought that you had in part one, the smell

0:18:50.480 --> 0:18:51.359
<v Speaker 4>of this place.

0:18:51.160 --> 0:18:54.880
<v Speaker 2>The smell of this place because people are also yeah,

0:18:54.880 --> 0:18:57.240
<v Speaker 2>I mean they're using they're doing their enemas in their

0:18:57.320 --> 0:19:00.800
<v Speaker 2>private apartments, in the chamber pots. But enemas are a

0:19:00.920 --> 0:19:03.479
<v Speaker 2>daily thing for a number of people. And yeah, that's

0:19:03.520 --> 0:19:05.120
<v Speaker 2>an easy way to kill them. As you just put

0:19:05.240 --> 0:19:07.320
<v Speaker 2>arsenic in their enema, they'll shoot it out their ass

0:19:07.640 --> 0:19:11.119
<v Speaker 2>and get sick. Now ed, you got this right, a

0:19:11.240 --> 0:19:14.600
<v Speaker 2>very common method of poisoning. You would also impregnate someone's

0:19:14.680 --> 0:19:18.400
<v Speaker 2>clothes with arsenic, right, So you would put it unlike

0:19:18.480 --> 0:19:22.159
<v Speaker 2>the arms of their clothing or whatever, and that wouldn't

0:19:22.200 --> 0:19:24.879
<v Speaker 2>do anything unless they like touch their mouth or their eyes.

0:19:25.000 --> 0:19:26.920
<v Speaker 2>But people do that all the time, right, So the

0:19:27.040 --> 0:19:28.760
<v Speaker 2>idea is that you put it in the garment, they'll

0:19:28.760 --> 0:19:31.760
<v Speaker 2>get it on their hands. Eventually they'll touch themselves somewhere

0:19:31.800 --> 0:19:35.880
<v Speaker 2>that the poison can get in, right, and the symptoms

0:19:35.920 --> 0:19:38.639
<v Speaker 2>of arsenic are being are kind of similar to syphilis,

0:19:39.080 --> 0:19:41.480
<v Speaker 2>So it has this benefit of if they don't know

0:19:41.560 --> 0:19:44.640
<v Speaker 2>they've been poisoned, everyone thinks they've caught syphilis, and there's

0:19:44.680 --> 0:19:47.159
<v Speaker 2>a huge social stigma to getting syphilis. So again, if

0:19:47.160 --> 0:19:49.760
<v Speaker 2>you're trying to damage your rival, you don't necessarily have

0:19:49.880 --> 0:19:52.040
<v Speaker 2>to kill them. If you can make people think they

0:19:52.119 --> 0:19:55.080
<v Speaker 2>have syphilis, you can do some damage to their reputation.

0:19:55.560 --> 0:19:58.520
<v Speaker 2>They won't be able to fuck people anymore, you know. Yeah,

0:19:58.560 --> 0:20:03.119
<v Speaker 2>it's an issue now. Doctors had developed methods for testing

0:20:03.200 --> 0:20:06.200
<v Speaker 2>poison by this point, and they are awful. The main

0:20:06.320 --> 0:20:09.280
<v Speaker 2>one was if you think someone was poisoned, right, if

0:20:09.320 --> 0:20:11.560
<v Speaker 2>some guy gets sick suddenly and he's like, I think

0:20:11.640 --> 0:20:16.199
<v Speaker 2>I was poisoned, you feed whatever liquid or powder they

0:20:16.280 --> 0:20:19.000
<v Speaker 2>think that they were poisoned with to a dog, and

0:20:19.080 --> 0:20:23.080
<v Speaker 2>if the dog survives, it's not poison. If the dog dies,

0:20:23.760 --> 0:20:28.399
<v Speaker 2>it's poison. Right. Pretty brutal, but like it makes sense now.

0:20:28.520 --> 0:20:31.280
<v Speaker 2>Because the stakes were high and royalty is at risk,

0:20:31.800 --> 0:20:35.240
<v Speaker 2>doctors are constantly pushed to innovate and create antidotes, and

0:20:35.320 --> 0:20:37.760
<v Speaker 2>they don't really know what they're doing very rarely do

0:20:37.920 --> 0:20:41.560
<v Speaker 2>these work, and in order to try and figure out

0:20:41.600 --> 0:20:44.640
<v Speaker 2>if they do work. There's enough of science is becoming

0:20:44.720 --> 0:20:47.159
<v Speaker 2>a thing in this period. Right, we're not quite at

0:20:47.200 --> 0:20:50.960
<v Speaker 2>the Enlightenment, but people are starting to do science. And

0:20:51.160 --> 0:20:53.359
<v Speaker 2>one of the ways in which they try to scientifically

0:20:53.480 --> 0:20:57.239
<v Speaker 2>create antidotes is when a doctor thinks he's figured out

0:20:57.280 --> 0:21:00.439
<v Speaker 2>an antidote to a poison, they'll find a death row

0:21:00.560 --> 0:21:04.440
<v Speaker 2>prisoner who volunteers, and they'll poison them and then given

0:21:04.480 --> 0:21:08.800
<v Speaker 2>the antidote, and if they survive, their sentence is commuted,

0:21:08.840 --> 0:21:09.959
<v Speaker 2>they get off of the row.

0:21:10.119 --> 0:21:12.160
<v Speaker 3>Right, I honestly would believe that they were just send

0:21:12.280 --> 0:21:13.280
<v Speaker 3>back to prison.

0:21:13.600 --> 0:21:17.879
<v Speaker 2>Like now they're they're not there's a reward. People usually

0:21:17.960 --> 0:21:19.080
<v Speaker 2>don't survive. Right.

0:21:21.119 --> 0:21:24.879
<v Speaker 3>Was all of this testing created specifically because of the sign?

0:21:25.880 --> 0:21:29.199
<v Speaker 2>Yeah? I mean not, that's not the I guess there

0:21:29.240 --> 0:21:32.520
<v Speaker 2>are people others accelerates are getting poisoned. This is not

0:21:32.720 --> 0:21:36.280
<v Speaker 2>only a thing in France, right, Elements of this exists elsewhere,

0:21:36.600 --> 0:21:41.320
<v Speaker 2>but this poisoning economy is created and largely develops because

0:21:41.320 --> 0:21:45.240
<v Speaker 2>it's the shit like this existed under the Roman Empire

0:21:45.280 --> 0:21:48.359
<v Speaker 2>and further back. People always provided poisons and stuff, but

0:21:48.600 --> 0:21:52.280
<v Speaker 2>this specific industry, like version of the industry crops up

0:21:52.320 --> 0:21:53.600
<v Speaker 2>as a result of Versailles.

0:21:54.000 --> 0:21:57.760
<v Speaker 3>Right, you've got the which economy, You've got the poison economy,

0:21:57.880 --> 0:21:59.200
<v Speaker 3>and of course the devil economy.

0:21:59.400 --> 0:22:03.639
<v Speaker 2>Yeah. Yeah, Basically the extant poisoning and devil economy that

0:22:03.720 --> 0:22:06.440
<v Speaker 2>had existed in France that was probably similar to the

0:22:06.480 --> 0:22:09.760
<v Speaker 2>way it works in its neighbors, becomes this specific thing

0:22:10.119 --> 0:22:14.120
<v Speaker 2>because of Versailles. Right, that's fair to say. I think

0:22:14.800 --> 0:22:17.040
<v Speaker 2>I don't want to be like no one else poisons people, right,

0:22:17.080 --> 0:22:21.400
<v Speaker 2>everyone's poisoning people. You know, we poison people today. We've

0:22:21.400 --> 0:22:23.760
<v Speaker 2>gotten very good at it thanks to the Russians, you know,

0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:26.800
<v Speaker 2>That's what it was going to be an ad speaking

0:22:26.840 --> 0:22:28.520
<v Speaker 2>of which, Yeah, it is time for our ads, and

0:22:28.600 --> 0:22:33.920
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0:22:34.040 --> 0:22:38.280
<v Speaker 2>a lot of people dead very quickly in a way

0:22:38.400 --> 0:22:44.159
<v Speaker 2>that will alert the entire security establishment of whatever country,

0:22:44.200 --> 0:22:53.200
<v Speaker 2>you poison them in, Novachuck, we're back. And I can't

0:22:53.240 --> 0:22:56.840
<v Speaker 2>believe you didn't accept the Novachuk ads for better offline,

0:22:57.000 --> 0:22:59.720
<v Speaker 2>it really seems like a natural move for you.

0:22:59.720 --> 0:23:03.440
<v Speaker 3>You know, I'm just saving my first like ad read

0:23:03.600 --> 0:23:07.359
<v Speaker 3>for like Hanwa I think like or Loki, you know,

0:23:07.720 --> 0:23:10.880
<v Speaker 3>the greats, the really I want to associate, Yeah, brand.

0:23:10.640 --> 0:23:13.639
<v Speaker 2>I mean we're working on a Raitheon sponsorship for you,

0:23:13.760 --> 0:23:18.119
<v Speaker 2>and this is cools on media. Yeah yeah, yeah, largely

0:23:18.200 --> 0:23:24.920
<v Speaker 2>sponsored by Wraitheon. Get or a fucking who is it?

0:23:25.000 --> 0:23:27.520
<v Speaker 2>The Sikorski like it doing black Hawk.

0:23:27.359 --> 0:23:34.479
<v Speaker 3>Ads Cold Academy Now And that was in the past.

0:23:34.960 --> 0:23:41.600
<v Speaker 2>That's in the past. So back to the poisoning economy periodicity,

0:23:41.720 --> 0:23:44.720
<v Speaker 2>poisoners would be caught and brought to justice. This happened

0:23:44.760 --> 0:23:48.719
<v Speaker 2>in sixteen seventy six with the Marquis de Brinvillier, who

0:23:48.840 --> 0:23:52.159
<v Speaker 2>poisoned her father and two brothers but failed to poison

0:23:52.240 --> 0:23:55.000
<v Speaker 2>her husband. And it's like a weird story. Her lover

0:23:55.160 --> 0:23:57.879
<v Speaker 2>who was her accomplice in poisoning the rest of her family.

0:23:58.600 --> 0:24:01.600
<v Speaker 2>I don't fully do stand, but he like decides to

0:24:01.720 --> 0:24:04.200
<v Speaker 2>feed her husband the antidote because I think maybe of

0:24:04.280 --> 0:24:07.520
<v Speaker 2>some strange sense of guilt. So she gets caught and

0:24:07.720 --> 0:24:11.600
<v Speaker 2>sentenced and executed, and her trial is a media sensation.

0:24:12.240 --> 0:24:15.720
<v Speaker 2>All of these newsletters and whatnot in Paris, Like every

0:24:15.760 --> 0:24:18.440
<v Speaker 2>cafe in Paris, people are talking about the trial over

0:24:18.560 --> 0:24:21.720
<v Speaker 2>this poisoner, this rich noble woman who is like poisoning

0:24:21.800 --> 0:24:25.920
<v Speaker 2>her family, and before one thing they're majorly talking about

0:24:26.080 --> 0:24:29.840
<v Speaker 2>is before she is beheaded, she says, it's unfair. I'm

0:24:29.880 --> 0:24:32.320
<v Speaker 2>the only one being punished for this, because everyone at

0:24:32.400 --> 0:24:38.400
<v Speaker 2>Versailles does this rightful.

0:24:36.160 --> 0:24:37.879
<v Speaker 3>Sticky stuff conversation.

0:24:37.520 --> 0:24:43.160
<v Speaker 2>All exactly, and she's not lying right like, it's extremely

0:24:43.320 --> 0:24:47.439
<v Speaker 2>common to do all of this. Now, this is an

0:24:47.480 --> 0:24:49.800
<v Speaker 2>accurate complaint and it sets off kind of a public

0:24:49.960 --> 0:24:53.680
<v Speaker 2>moral panic over witchcraft and poison. Just about the only

0:24:53.720 --> 0:24:56.479
<v Speaker 2>person who had been unaware of the trade and spells

0:24:56.520 --> 0:24:59.399
<v Speaker 2>and poisons was the son King. Again, because all of

0:24:59.440 --> 0:25:01.760
<v Speaker 2>this is being done in order to get closer to

0:25:01.840 --> 0:25:05.639
<v Speaker 2>him and curry favor with him, he orders the parish

0:25:05.720 --> 0:25:10.080
<v Speaker 2>chief of police, Gabrielle de Larini, to investigate. What follows

0:25:10.200 --> 0:25:13.600
<v Speaker 2>is a three year plunge into the magical underground, where

0:25:13.640 --> 0:25:17.320
<v Speaker 2>inheritance powders made of arsenic were sold alongside black masses

0:25:17.400 --> 0:25:20.720
<v Speaker 2>performed by priests. From an article in the BBC History

0:25:20.800 --> 0:25:23.840
<v Speaker 2>Magazine by Johnny Wilkes, one of the most popular potion

0:25:23.960 --> 0:25:27.320
<v Speaker 2>peddlers was La Voisin, who named among her clients those

0:25:27.400 --> 0:25:30.480
<v Speaker 2>looking for advantage at Versai the Duke de Luxembourg bought

0:25:30.600 --> 0:25:32.920
<v Speaker 2>charms to keep him safe from swords, while a number

0:25:32.920 --> 0:25:35.120
<v Speaker 2>of women look for any additive to seduce the key.

0:25:37.359 --> 0:25:38.679
<v Speaker 2>I want some sword pills.

0:25:39.440 --> 0:25:41.679
<v Speaker 3>And there's no wealth of way to protect from a sword.

0:25:41.920 --> 0:25:46.720
<v Speaker 2>No, no, no, only only drugs. And it's funny because

0:25:49.040 --> 0:25:52.040
<v Speaker 2>at like formal, especially at formal events, but basically all

0:25:52.080 --> 0:25:55.280
<v Speaker 2>the time, swords are mandatory dress at Versailles, to the

0:25:55.359 --> 0:25:57.960
<v Speaker 2>extent that if you forget one, they'll give you the

0:25:58.119 --> 0:26:00.600
<v Speaker 2>loan you a sword at the door. You don't want

0:26:00.640 --> 0:26:02.439
<v Speaker 2>to use the loana sword. You don't want to use

0:26:02.480 --> 0:26:07.040
<v Speaker 2>the loaner sword. No, no, no, everyone's going to be

0:26:07.080 --> 0:26:09.320
<v Speaker 2>at check out. Dickhead over there with the loan of

0:26:09.400 --> 0:26:13.040
<v Speaker 2>sword and didn't bring that's that fucker's a rental.

0:26:13.320 --> 0:26:16.359
<v Speaker 3>That's a real sword. It hasn't even got a sword

0:26:16.400 --> 0:26:17.120
<v Speaker 3>amula either.

0:26:17.320 --> 0:26:21.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and no sword ambula. What a dick. So, with

0:26:21.880 --> 0:26:25.520
<v Speaker 2>Dila Rainy convinced of an epidemic, Louis appointed a special

0:26:25.600 --> 0:26:29.440
<v Speaker 2>tribunal in April of sixteen seventy nine. Its sessions took

0:26:29.480 --> 0:26:32.680
<v Speaker 2>place in halls lit only by flaming short torches, the

0:26:32.800 --> 0:26:37.080
<v Speaker 2>Chamber Ardente Burning Chamber. More than four hundred people were accused,

0:26:37.240 --> 0:26:40.720
<v Speaker 2>dozens exiled, and thirty six put to death, including love

0:26:40.800 --> 0:26:43.480
<v Speaker 2>with sin. And this is partly because part of why

0:26:43.720 --> 0:26:46.080
<v Speaker 2>this gets so bad is they they or at least

0:26:46.359 --> 0:26:49.000
<v Speaker 2>Dela Rainey says, there was a plot to poison the

0:26:49.080 --> 0:26:51.800
<v Speaker 2>king to death, right right, but like and maybe there

0:26:52.000 --> 0:26:55.840
<v Speaker 2>was because people don't enjoy living this way. I was

0:26:55.920 --> 0:26:57.800
<v Speaker 2>gonna say, like, it feels like there would have been

0:26:57.880 --> 0:27:01.440
<v Speaker 2>more tempios on the case. There's probably was a plot

0:27:01.480 --> 0:27:06.200
<v Speaker 2>to poison the king. Yeah, seems like a natural thing

0:27:06.280 --> 0:27:09.000
<v Speaker 2>to want to do in the situation to leave like

0:27:09.200 --> 0:27:15.440
<v Speaker 2>the frat house were. It's an understandable evolution of I'm

0:27:15.480 --> 0:27:17.760
<v Speaker 2>poisoning all of my friends to get close to the king.

0:27:18.119 --> 0:27:21.080
<v Speaker 2>What did we just poison the king? Yeah? We could

0:27:21.119 --> 0:27:24.679
<v Speaker 2>go home. Yeah we could go home. I could sleep,

0:27:25.200 --> 0:27:29.080
<v Speaker 2>I can piss. Quote. Fear spread among a court already

0:27:29.160 --> 0:27:32.080
<v Speaker 2>riddled with suspicion, and the deaths continued, but Louis put

0:27:32.080 --> 0:27:33.760
<v Speaker 2>an end to things after he heard a name of

0:27:33.840 --> 0:27:38.000
<v Speaker 2>someone implicated that alarmed him. The Madame de Montespan, his mistress.

0:27:38.400 --> 0:27:40.280
<v Speaker 2>Fearing the king made tire of her, she is said

0:27:40.320 --> 0:27:43.160
<v Speaker 2>to have sprinkled love potions into his food potions made

0:27:43.200 --> 0:27:47.040
<v Speaker 2>from Spanish fly iron filling sperm and minstrel blood. It

0:27:47.200 --> 0:27:49.840
<v Speaker 2>was even claimed she had a priest perform a sacrilegious

0:27:49.920 --> 0:27:52.800
<v Speaker 2>mass over her naked body, which involved the sacrifice of

0:27:52.840 --> 0:27:55.959
<v Speaker 2>an infant. Monta Span was never tried, but the Trifai

0:27:56.080 --> 0:27:58.679
<v Speaker 2>reveiled something dark and rotting at the heart of Louis

0:27:58.800 --> 0:28:11.640
<v Speaker 2>Versailles utopia and Jesus that that escalated. That was not subtle. Wow, okay, yeah,

0:28:11.680 --> 0:28:13.479
<v Speaker 2>I have a priest to a spell. So the king

0:28:13.680 --> 0:28:16.200
<v Speaker 2>likes to me too, Like I'm putting sperm and minstrel

0:28:16.280 --> 0:28:17.200
<v Speaker 2>blood in his food.

0:28:18.080 --> 0:28:20.760
<v Speaker 5>I got the minstrel, I forgot the com Where do

0:28:20.880 --> 0:28:25.479
<v Speaker 5>we get to come? You over there in the corner?

0:28:26.480 --> 0:28:28.920
<v Speaker 5>It now you want to make a dollar?

0:28:34.480 --> 0:28:36.959
<v Speaker 2>Oh man, it's so funny. I don't know that an

0:28:37.080 --> 0:28:44.040
<v Speaker 2>infant was sacrificed. Every Satanic panic they talk about sacrificing babies.

0:28:44.040 --> 0:28:46.680
<v Speaker 2>I feel like it's pretty uncommon to sacrifice babies. But

0:28:46.880 --> 0:28:52.840
<v Speaker 2>maybe like these people are, I wouldn't and they could

0:28:52.880 --> 0:28:55.560
<v Speaker 2>get a baby, right. It's not hard to get a

0:28:55.640 --> 0:29:00.160
<v Speaker 2>baby counts right wright, of course you do need that

0:29:00.320 --> 0:29:03.280
<v Speaker 2>baby might make you immune to taxes, unless it's like

0:29:03.520 --> 0:29:07.080
<v Speaker 2>the eleventh baby in which cash, but most of the

0:29:07.120 --> 0:29:09.720
<v Speaker 2>babies are dying, so like I can see if like

0:29:09.960 --> 0:29:11.960
<v Speaker 2>some richly he's like, hey man, you know that kidd

0:29:11.960 --> 0:29:18.120
<v Speaker 2>of yours isn't looking great. I need a baby as well. Also,

0:29:18.320 --> 0:29:23.160
<v Speaker 2>do you any com trying to do one? Stop shopping here?

0:29:26.200 --> 0:29:31.720
<v Speaker 2>Oh man? What a what a great culture. I love

0:29:33.000 --> 0:29:39.200
<v Speaker 2>magic of the Court and Versailles, the common dead baby trade.

0:29:39.840 --> 0:29:43.560
<v Speaker 2>This house is like off of the economy, is half

0:29:43.640 --> 0:29:47.640
<v Speaker 2>of the rich economy. I mean that's how it costs.

0:29:48.280 --> 0:29:49.920
<v Speaker 2>I don't know if they're spending that much each year

0:29:49.960 --> 0:29:51.840
<v Speaker 2>because it doesn't make money by this point. But yes,

0:29:52.320 --> 0:29:55.280
<v Speaker 2>this this house that costs half of the GDP to build.

0:29:55.520 --> 0:29:58.560
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it's ruining the lives of every noble.

0:29:58.720 --> 0:30:01.800
<v Speaker 2>It's destroying because now driving them insane.

0:30:02.000 --> 0:30:04.040
<v Speaker 3>Again, it's like a gossip industry.

0:30:04.400 --> 0:30:07.400
<v Speaker 2>He has created like the cultural equivalent of a death star,

0:30:07.560 --> 0:30:10.840
<v Speaker 2>but it's aimed at his own country, like and.

0:30:10.960 --> 0:30:13.120
<v Speaker 3>It's very people as well.

0:30:14.200 --> 0:30:18.520
<v Speaker 2>Now, all of this, this, like this story, people can't

0:30:18.560 --> 0:30:21.320
<v Speaker 2>stop talking about this, and I mean I can't stop

0:30:21.400 --> 0:30:26.800
<v Speaker 2>thinking about it. Of course, this wild this and this

0:30:27.160 --> 0:30:31.000
<v Speaker 2>massively accelerates the news the growth of a news ecosystem

0:30:31.080 --> 0:30:34.200
<v Speaker 2>in Paris, right, and in the news, this kind of

0:30:34.760 --> 0:30:36.720
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to lay out how this works. This whole

0:30:36.920 --> 0:30:41.640
<v Speaker 2>news ecosystem in Paris sprouts. It existed before Louis, some

0:30:41.840 --> 0:30:45.280
<v Speaker 2>aspects of it. There had been these things called libel's

0:30:45.360 --> 0:30:48.840
<v Speaker 2>for years, which were like books about different people in

0:30:48.960 --> 0:30:51.840
<v Speaker 2>government and politics, and you know, including some of the

0:30:51.920 --> 0:30:56.000
<v Speaker 2>King's mistresses, that were like books attacking them, right, which

0:30:56.000 --> 0:30:59.080
<v Speaker 2>are usually illegal, but they're sold quite often. Those that

0:30:59.200 --> 0:31:03.120
<v Speaker 2>existed before Louis fourteenth. Obviously there had been some kinds

0:31:03.160 --> 0:31:05.280
<v Speaker 2>of papers in other countries that would get into France.

0:31:06.000 --> 0:31:10.000
<v Speaker 2>But what really accelerates the birth of a massive and

0:31:10.160 --> 0:31:14.160
<v Speaker 2>honestly very modern, feeling news ecosystem in Paris is Versailles.

0:31:14.680 --> 0:31:18.520
<v Speaker 2>Because now that all of power is centralized at Versailles,

0:31:18.760 --> 0:31:20.720
<v Speaker 2>and all of the people in power, including the king,

0:31:21.080 --> 0:31:25.239
<v Speaker 2>are no longer having much contact at all with regular people, right,

0:31:25.520 --> 0:31:28.240
<v Speaker 2>they're not governing out of the same city that French

0:31:28.320 --> 0:31:31.720
<v Speaker 2>people live in. They're increasingly locked in their own world.

0:31:31.880 --> 0:31:35.760
<v Speaker 2>So if you're a normal French person, the media becomes

0:31:35.840 --> 0:31:38.360
<v Speaker 2>your way to keep in touch with the government, right,

0:31:38.880 --> 0:31:42.280
<v Speaker 2>this alien world of Versailles, you know, And so that

0:31:43.560 --> 0:31:46.400
<v Speaker 2>is a lot of the fuel by which creates something

0:31:46.560 --> 0:31:50.080
<v Speaker 2>very similar to our current social media ecosystem in Paris.

0:31:50.600 --> 0:31:52.040
<v Speaker 2>Part of why this is able to work is that

0:31:52.160 --> 0:31:55.280
<v Speaker 2>literacy is actually very common in Paris, even among the poor,

0:31:56.120 --> 0:31:59.480
<v Speaker 2>Like a significant amount of people do know how to read,

0:31:59.560 --> 0:32:02.880
<v Speaker 2>even p who do not come from money. But even

0:32:02.920 --> 0:32:05.239
<v Speaker 2>if you don't know how to read, there's like an

0:32:05.280 --> 0:32:08.920
<v Speaker 2>equivalent to TV news, which are called I'm not going

0:32:08.960 --> 0:32:10.880
<v Speaker 2>to use the French term for it, but they're called

0:32:11.160 --> 0:32:15.480
<v Speaker 2>oral newsmongers, right, as in someone who like just tells

0:32:15.520 --> 0:32:18.080
<v Speaker 2>you the news, right. These are like the newscasters of

0:32:18.120 --> 0:32:21.280
<v Speaker 2>their day. So it's not TV there's, but there is.

0:32:21.360 --> 0:32:23.800
<v Speaker 2>There's a large chestnut tree in the center of Paris

0:32:23.960 --> 0:32:27.880
<v Speaker 2>called the Tree of Krackowl. And so in the early mornings,

0:32:27.920 --> 0:32:31.840
<v Speaker 2>these oral newsmongers will gather up all the newspapers they can,

0:32:31.960 --> 0:32:34.479
<v Speaker 2>all the gossip, you know, they collected the night before,

0:32:35.080 --> 0:32:37.360
<v Speaker 2>and they'll go out and they'll like read the best

0:32:37.440 --> 0:32:40.320
<v Speaker 2>bits out to the crowd, right, and you know, people

0:32:40.320 --> 0:32:41.920
<v Speaker 2>will throw them some money for that, and the people

0:32:41.960 --> 0:32:44.840
<v Speaker 2>who stand around another chunk of people will stand around

0:32:44.960 --> 0:32:47.720
<v Speaker 2>listening to these oral newsmongers. Some of them are just

0:32:47.800 --> 0:32:49.840
<v Speaker 2>doing that to get the news in the morning. Some

0:32:50.000 --> 0:32:52.520
<v Speaker 2>of them are taking notes on what these people say,

0:32:53.240 --> 0:32:55.920
<v Speaker 2>and then these notes sometimes get turned into pamphlets, but

0:32:56.080 --> 0:32:59.840
<v Speaker 2>usually they'll just bring them to the cafes and the

0:33:00.040 --> 0:33:02.520
<v Speaker 2>bars later in the day and read them out to

0:33:02.600 --> 0:33:06.800
<v Speaker 2>everyone there, and as a result, news disseminates in a

0:33:06.960 --> 0:33:09.080
<v Speaker 2>very modern way. This is almost like having twenty four

0:33:09.120 --> 0:33:11.960
<v Speaker 2>hour TV news, right, a podcast really yeah, or a

0:33:12.040 --> 0:33:15.920
<v Speaker 2>podcast right, and that then turns in in some cases

0:33:15.960 --> 0:33:18.360
<v Speaker 2>it turns into like print news, but it also turns

0:33:18.440 --> 0:33:22.160
<v Speaker 2>into direct gossip that it's closer to, like if you

0:33:22.200 --> 0:33:24.360
<v Speaker 2>think of the Tree of Crackout as like TV news,

0:33:24.680 --> 0:33:28.040
<v Speaker 2>and then these cafes and bars are like Twitter and Facebook, right.

0:33:29.320 --> 0:33:30.760
<v Speaker 2>So it is in a lot of ways. It's an

0:33:30.800 --> 0:33:34.360
<v Speaker 2>extremely modern seeming system that develops here.

0:33:34.440 --> 0:33:38.160
<v Speaker 3>It's so crazy how many different systems grew out of

0:33:38.280 --> 0:33:42.360
<v Speaker 3>this necessity, yes, to create this insane alien world where

0:33:42.680 --> 0:33:44.960
<v Speaker 3>the people that run the government. I was just thinking, like,

0:33:45.280 --> 0:33:47.200
<v Speaker 3>these are the people running the government. They're not just

0:33:47.320 --> 0:33:49.440
<v Speaker 3>like fucking around. They're also running.

0:33:49.240 --> 0:33:52.640
<v Speaker 2>Fronts they are running for and that's why again, pieces

0:33:52.720 --> 0:33:55.480
<v Speaker 2>of this aspects of what becomes this news economy existed

0:33:55.520 --> 0:33:59.120
<v Speaker 2>before versaill versa. I supercharges it, and it also fuels

0:33:59.200 --> 0:34:02.720
<v Speaker 2>it because most much, not maybe if not most well actually, honestly,

0:34:02.840 --> 0:34:05.360
<v Speaker 2>usually most of what is being talked about at the

0:34:05.480 --> 0:34:09.360
<v Speaker 2>Tree of Crackou and in these cafes starts as gossip.

0:34:09.560 --> 0:34:13.759
<v Speaker 2>People at the courts smuggle out, you know, send out

0:34:13.840 --> 0:34:15.759
<v Speaker 2>with an eight or whatnot. They'll write it down, they'll

0:34:15.800 --> 0:34:18.080
<v Speaker 2>send it to somebody that they know, you know, passes

0:34:18.120 --> 0:34:20.640
<v Speaker 2>stuff on to the people making these papers that are

0:34:20.680 --> 0:34:22.719
<v Speaker 2>being smuggled in the France, or they'll pass it on

0:34:23.120 --> 0:34:26.200
<v Speaker 2>to oral newsmongers. Because I want to get this piece

0:34:26.239 --> 0:34:28.480
<v Speaker 2>of gossip out because it's bad for arrival. I want

0:34:28.520 --> 0:34:30.200
<v Speaker 2>to get this piece of gossip out because it will

0:34:30.239 --> 0:34:32.760
<v Speaker 2>hurt this person close to the king, or it'll embarrass

0:34:32.840 --> 0:34:35.239
<v Speaker 2>the king and stop him from doing something that's bad

0:34:35.320 --> 0:34:36.400
<v Speaker 2>for me for whatever reason.

0:34:36.560 --> 0:34:38.800
<v Speaker 3>Right, and honestly, no one to this group, because it

0:34:38.840 --> 0:34:41.239
<v Speaker 3>was fucking insane. If this was going on right now,

0:34:41.320 --> 0:34:42.600
<v Speaker 3>this would be all I cad about.

0:34:42.840 --> 0:34:44.560
<v Speaker 2>Yes, yes, this is the only thing you'd want to

0:34:44.560 --> 0:34:47.239
<v Speaker 2>talk about. It's the crazy house. Why would just be like,

0:34:47.280 --> 0:34:50.959
<v Speaker 2>what's going on to someone poison the crazy house? Yeah,

0:34:52.440 --> 0:34:55.840
<v Speaker 2>he pissed, Yeah, so it was said that if you

0:34:56.320 --> 0:34:58.440
<v Speaker 2>during the you know, when these oral newsmongers would get

0:34:58.480 --> 0:35:00.120
<v Speaker 2>up and give the news under that chestnut tree, that

0:35:00.160 --> 0:35:02.680
<v Speaker 2>if you heard a branch crack, that meant that the

0:35:02.760 --> 0:35:07.440
<v Speaker 2>newsmonger had gotten something wrong. And so cr que crack

0:35:07.560 --> 0:35:10.719
<v Speaker 2>became slang for fake news. That's the first like fake

0:35:10.840 --> 0:35:16.000
<v Speaker 2>news term and the last. From here, people in attendance

0:35:16.000 --> 0:35:17.920
<v Speaker 2>would again take notes on the best bits in the

0:35:18.000 --> 0:35:21.800
<v Speaker 2>DeCamp for cafes, wine shops and salons. Police would sometimes

0:35:21.880 --> 0:35:24.560
<v Speaker 2>confiscate these notes when they could, but this was all

0:35:24.640 --> 0:35:28.800
<v Speaker 2>simply too common to stop. The system is still in

0:35:28.920 --> 0:35:31.800
<v Speaker 2>its infancy during the reign of the Sun King, but

0:35:31.880 --> 0:35:34.040
<v Speaker 2>it starts to really grow during the reign of the

0:35:34.080 --> 0:35:36.880
<v Speaker 2>Sun King, and it will evolve over the next two reigns,

0:35:37.200 --> 0:35:39.879
<v Speaker 2>and ultimately this is a huge part of why there's

0:35:39.880 --> 0:35:42.719
<v Speaker 2>a revolution, right the fact that there's these papers, there's

0:35:42.760 --> 0:35:46.399
<v Speaker 2>these revolutionary presses and tracks, and the fact that all

0:35:46.480 --> 0:35:50.680
<v Speaker 2>of this gossip about royalty is really bad pr for

0:35:50.800 --> 0:35:53.480
<v Speaker 2>the nobility and for the king and the queen.

0:35:53.719 --> 0:35:54.720
<v Speaker 3>They just sound insane.

0:35:55.000 --> 0:35:58.560
<v Speaker 2>They sounded insane and awful, and it's kind of fucked up.

0:35:58.600 --> 0:36:01.680
<v Speaker 2>As we'll talk about Eventually, the King and Queen WI

0:36:01.719 --> 0:36:05.000
<v Speaker 2>ultimately pay the price, you know, which includes the queen

0:36:05.120 --> 0:36:09.680
<v Speaker 2>being Marie Antoinette and her husband Louis the sixteenth are

0:36:09.800 --> 0:36:12.480
<v Speaker 2>not nearly as bad as the son king, and in fact,

0:36:12.920 --> 0:36:14.919
<v Speaker 2>my opinion of them is they were kind of trying

0:36:14.960 --> 0:36:17.359
<v Speaker 2>to do the best they knew how to. But they

0:36:17.400 --> 0:36:21.120
<v Speaker 2>were raised number one in this insane place and it

0:36:21.320 --> 0:36:26.040
<v Speaker 2>deranged culture that has gotten even crazier by the time

0:36:26.120 --> 0:36:29.879
<v Speaker 2>they come in. There's just no chance of them ever fixing, right.

0:36:29.880 --> 0:36:32.080
<v Speaker 3>Question how long has this been going on? So, like,

0:36:32.120 --> 0:36:34.160
<v Speaker 3>how long has the SI been around at this point?

0:36:34.600 --> 0:36:37.560
<v Speaker 2>I mean by the time we're into the sixteen eighties,

0:36:39.080 --> 0:36:41.720
<v Speaker 2>like twenty years something like that. Oh my god, fifteen

0:36:41.760 --> 0:36:45.239
<v Speaker 2>twenty I think. So I don't think it's yeah, we're

0:36:45.280 --> 0:36:49.319
<v Speaker 2>in this scene growing up going on. Yeah, well yes, yes,

0:36:49.400 --> 0:36:53.600
<v Speaker 2>because again the Sun King reigns seventy two years, right,

0:36:54.640 --> 0:36:58.200
<v Speaker 2>so and you know Versailles he starts building when he's

0:36:58.280 --> 0:37:01.960
<v Speaker 2>like twenty four, right, so he is around with it

0:37:02.120 --> 0:37:06.000
<v Speaker 2>for a long time. People are born and die with

0:37:06.200 --> 0:37:09.279
<v Speaker 2>Versailles being the center of the French world during his lifetime,

0:37:09.560 --> 0:37:12.960
<v Speaker 2>you know, and his time as the king. Now again

0:37:14.160 --> 0:37:17.120
<v Speaker 2>It's important to note that the main reason why this

0:37:17.680 --> 0:37:20.319
<v Speaker 2>very modern information ecosystem gets off the ground is there's

0:37:20.360 --> 0:37:22.680
<v Speaker 2>this desire of what are called the little people to

0:37:22.880 --> 0:37:26.520
<v Speaker 2>understand what the big people are doing at Versailles. As

0:37:26.600 --> 0:37:29.480
<v Speaker 2>Robert Darton writes in The Revolutionary Temper, which is a

0:37:29.680 --> 0:37:32.880
<v Speaker 2>great book about the way the media worked in Paris

0:37:32.960 --> 0:37:35.920
<v Speaker 2>leading up to the Revolution. For most Parisians, especially the

0:37:35.960 --> 0:37:38.680
<v Speaker 2>little people, Versaill was an alien world, and politics was

0:37:38.719 --> 0:37:41.960
<v Speaker 2>the king's business, transacted in his name by ministers, courtiers,

0:37:41.960 --> 0:37:45.399
<v Speaker 2>and power brokers among legrands. That's the big people. Yet

0:37:45.440 --> 0:37:47.640
<v Speaker 2>worried about the power plays leaked from Versailles, and it

0:37:47.719 --> 0:37:50.160
<v Speaker 2>converged with all sorts of other news in the information

0:37:50.280 --> 0:37:54.440
<v Speaker 2>system of Paris. Legrands at the top of society had access.

0:37:54.600 --> 0:37:57.680
<v Speaker 2>And these are not just nobles, right, Wealthy merchants are

0:37:57.719 --> 0:38:00.560
<v Speaker 2>also at Versailles. And in fact, there's a whole cottage

0:38:00.560 --> 0:38:03.920
<v Speaker 2>industry in books for rich people who are not nobles,

0:38:03.960 --> 0:38:07.480
<v Speaker 2>who need to understand the stuff that nobles are raised

0:38:07.600 --> 0:38:10.759
<v Speaker 2>understanding in order to not embarrass themselves at Versailles. That

0:38:10.920 --> 0:38:14.239
<v Speaker 2>becomes like a cottage industry. And yeah, like a big

0:38:14.320 --> 0:38:16.759
<v Speaker 2>part of what fuels. This is, you know, these people

0:38:16.960 --> 0:38:21.960
<v Speaker 2>doling out rumors and lies, often for social cachet. If

0:38:21.960 --> 0:38:24.200
<v Speaker 2>someone makes a crude joke at the king's expense or

0:38:24.280 --> 0:38:27.880
<v Speaker 2>flirt with one of his mistresses, they can upset dynamics

0:38:28.040 --> 0:38:30.719
<v Speaker 2>at the palace in ways that are beneficial to them. Now,

0:38:30.800 --> 0:38:34.840
<v Speaker 2>the downside of this constant churn is that people outside

0:38:34.880 --> 0:38:37.839
<v Speaker 2>of Versailles get this feeling that everything going on there

0:38:37.960 --> 0:38:43.680
<v Speaker 2>is like illegal, immoral sex, gambling and wasting all of

0:38:43.760 --> 0:38:47.600
<v Speaker 2>the country's money. Right, because which is partially largely accurate.

0:38:47.800 --> 0:38:50.800
<v Speaker 3>Right, Yeah, it doesn't sound like they were unreasonable in

0:38:50.880 --> 0:38:51.320
<v Speaker 3>believing that.

0:38:51.719 --> 0:38:53.759
<v Speaker 2>What's kind of fucked up is that Marie Antoinette and

0:38:53.840 --> 0:38:57.680
<v Speaker 2>Louis the sixteenth are like, compared to Louis the fourteenth,

0:38:58.200 --> 0:39:01.440
<v Speaker 2>fairly moral people. They do not engage in at least

0:39:01.520 --> 0:39:04.960
<v Speaker 2>nearly the same level of adultery. They are less wasteful

0:39:05.160 --> 0:39:10.000
<v Speaker 2>than the kings before them. But because the royalty have

0:39:10.120 --> 0:39:14.040
<v Speaker 2>this reputation by their time, they get that reputation too,

0:39:14.520 --> 0:39:18.040
<v Speaker 2>right because everyone for a hundred years, all that everyone's

0:39:18.040 --> 0:39:19.880
<v Speaker 2>been writing about how fucked up Versailla is. They're not

0:39:19.920 --> 0:39:22.360
<v Speaker 2>going to stop now just because these people are like

0:39:22.560 --> 0:39:25.319
<v Speaker 2>forty percent less shitty, right, Which is not to say

0:39:25.360 --> 0:39:29.240
<v Speaker 2>that Antoinette and Louis the sixteenth weren't shitty or wasteful,

0:39:29.280 --> 0:39:32.239
<v Speaker 2>They just weren't as bad as their predecessors. Yeah right.

0:39:33.080 --> 0:39:36.040
<v Speaker 2>So as he aged, the Sun King did grow less

0:39:36.080 --> 0:39:41.520
<v Speaker 2>promiscuous and more focused on maintaining control. As Johnny Wilkes writes,

0:39:41.920 --> 0:39:45.000
<v Speaker 2>Louis turned his life movements and even abolutions, which is like,

0:39:45.200 --> 0:39:48.280
<v Speaker 2>you know his toilet has cleaning himself into a daily

0:39:48.400 --> 0:39:52.240
<v Speaker 2>performance governed by a seemingly endless list of detailed rituals

0:39:52.280 --> 0:39:54.640
<v Speaker 2>and strict rules of etiquette, all in order to keep

0:39:54.680 --> 0:39:57.760
<v Speaker 2>the nobles busy. All revolved around the Sun King. Starting

0:39:57.800 --> 0:40:00.759
<v Speaker 2>when he first awoke, A select group be granted and

0:40:01.040 --> 0:40:03.640
<v Speaker 2>access to the King's bedchamber, although they were not to

0:40:03.760 --> 0:40:06.480
<v Speaker 2>cross the railing to get near the bed during during

0:40:06.520 --> 0:40:09.320
<v Speaker 2>the ceremonial rising, and only the most senior in the

0:40:09.400 --> 0:40:11.720
<v Speaker 2>room had the honor of helping Louis into his shirt.

0:40:13.560 --> 0:40:15.920
<v Speaker 2>Did the same thing at cees, Yeah, same thing. Yeah,

0:40:15.960 --> 0:40:19.640
<v Speaker 2>that's exactly how we handle ce Now. The fact that

0:40:19.800 --> 0:40:22.760
<v Speaker 2>life there was a constant series of balls and parties

0:40:23.000 --> 0:40:27.560
<v Speaker 2>necessitated constant grant state expenses for fireworks which sometimes kill people,

0:40:27.920 --> 0:40:30.160
<v Speaker 2>and food in the law. But it also kept the

0:40:30.200 --> 0:40:33.000
<v Speaker 2>courtiers there in constant debt. Many had to borrow from

0:40:33.040 --> 0:40:38.000
<v Speaker 2>the crown to afford the accouterment of life at Versailles. Yeah,

0:40:38.040 --> 0:40:38.719
<v Speaker 2>the king.

0:40:38.800 --> 0:40:40.239
<v Speaker 3>They had to get from the king to go to

0:40:40.280 --> 0:40:41.040
<v Speaker 3>the king's party.

0:40:41.320 --> 0:40:43.800
<v Speaker 2>Yes, yes, and this is again part of how he

0:40:43.880 --> 0:40:46.879
<v Speaker 2>maintains control when the sun came, and part of why

0:40:46.920 --> 0:40:50.040
<v Speaker 2>it's so expensive is like what's acceptable fashion changes on

0:40:50.080 --> 0:40:52.520
<v Speaker 2>a whim. So when the king starts to go, bald

0:40:53.040 --> 0:40:56.040
<v Speaker 2>wigs become fashionable, right, and suddenly everyone should have a

0:40:56.120 --> 0:40:58.440
<v Speaker 2>wig because the king does. And when the king has

0:40:58.600 --> 0:41:01.520
<v Speaker 2>asked surgery for an anal fistula, people start wearing like

0:41:01.680 --> 0:41:07.960
<v Speaker 2>bandages around their crotches like HiT's yeah, mates, yeah, it's

0:41:07.960 --> 0:41:09.920
<v Speaker 2>also crazy fucked up man.

0:41:11.080 --> 0:41:13.359
<v Speaker 4>It's like when we saw those guys wearing the ear

0:41:13.480 --> 0:41:15.399
<v Speaker 4>bandage at the r this year.

0:41:15.840 --> 0:41:17.320
<v Speaker 2>It is exactly like that.

0:41:17.600 --> 0:41:18.280
<v Speaker 4>So rised.

0:41:19.200 --> 0:41:23.680
<v Speaker 2>This is like coo, just like that. Yes, this is

0:41:24.200 --> 0:41:25.320
<v Speaker 2>this is so insane.

0:41:26.280 --> 0:41:29.320
<v Speaker 3>Probably even if even if this was just people partying,

0:41:29.680 --> 0:41:31.480
<v Speaker 3>it would be strange. But the fact that this is

0:41:31.600 --> 0:41:33.480
<v Speaker 3>the like the economy.

0:41:33.600 --> 0:41:37.160
<v Speaker 2>By the by this point the sixteen eighties a decent

0:41:37.320 --> 0:41:40.920
<v Speaker 2>number of the people here have been like raised in this.

0:41:41.560 --> 0:41:45.200
<v Speaker 2>You know, they don't know another world exists.

0:41:47.800 --> 0:41:48.680
<v Speaker 3>Jesus Christ.

0:41:49.239 --> 0:41:52.280
<v Speaker 2>In sixteen eighty three, the Queen died and Louis married

0:41:52.320 --> 0:41:56.040
<v Speaker 2>his current mistress, Madame de Mentinon. He was less of

0:41:56.080 --> 0:41:58.120
<v Speaker 2>a rake by this point, in part for the sake

0:41:58.160 --> 0:42:00.759
<v Speaker 2>of his immortal soul. A king who was known as

0:42:00.800 --> 0:42:03.560
<v Speaker 2>an adulterer couldn't take communion while he lived in sin.

0:42:03.640 --> 0:42:05.919
<v Speaker 2>This was a power that the Church had, and even

0:42:05.960 --> 0:42:09.200
<v Speaker 2>the king really couldn't force them to do this once

0:42:09.280 --> 0:42:11.160
<v Speaker 2>he was no longer in the prime of health. Louis

0:42:11.200 --> 0:42:14.080
<v Speaker 2>worried about this more and more, because if you die

0:42:14.800 --> 0:42:19.120
<v Speaker 2>not taking communion, you go to hell, even a king. Right,

0:42:19.239 --> 0:42:21.920
<v Speaker 2>So that's the understanding that, like if the king is

0:42:21.960 --> 0:42:26.080
<v Speaker 2>committing adultery and doesn't stop in time to get forgiven

0:42:26.239 --> 0:42:28.800
<v Speaker 2>and you know, given his communion and last rites and whatnot,

0:42:29.120 --> 0:42:30.880
<v Speaker 2>then he goes to hell. Even the king will go

0:42:30.960 --> 0:42:34.160
<v Speaker 2>to hell. And as he'd gets sicker and older, Louis

0:42:34.160 --> 0:42:36.759
<v Speaker 2>worries about this more. Now, As I said, the King

0:42:36.920 --> 0:42:40.520
<v Speaker 2>Sun King's reign is impossibly long by the standard, like

0:42:40.920 --> 0:42:44.360
<v Speaker 2>thirty years is a long reign for a modern dictator

0:42:44.480 --> 0:42:47.080
<v Speaker 2>with access to modern medicine. If you make it to

0:42:47.200 --> 0:42:50.359
<v Speaker 2>thirty years as a dictator, you were doing very well, right.

0:42:51.040 --> 0:42:54.360
<v Speaker 2>The Son King reigns for seventy two years. He is

0:42:54.440 --> 0:42:58.759
<v Speaker 2>the longest recorded reigning monarch in history human history. Now

0:42:59.520 --> 0:43:02.200
<v Speaker 2>there's some argument about this with people for whom our

0:43:02.280 --> 0:43:05.000
<v Speaker 2>documentation is less good because date keeping was just in

0:43:05.040 --> 0:43:08.680
<v Speaker 2>a very different state. But they just I mean, I can't.

0:43:08.800 --> 0:43:11.279
<v Speaker 2>It's very hard for someone to be king for longer

0:43:11.360 --> 0:43:13.400
<v Speaker 2>than seventy two years, you know.

0:43:13.920 --> 0:43:16.719
<v Speaker 3>And it was likely sustained by the complete insane of

0:43:16.800 --> 0:43:17.680
<v Speaker 3>the world he made.

0:43:18.320 --> 0:43:20.640
<v Speaker 2>Well, yeah, it was also the government thing. Yeah. What

0:43:20.760 --> 0:43:23.480
<v Speaker 2>if Congress was just Vegas my house?

0:43:24.360 --> 0:43:24.600
<v Speaker 4>Yeah?

0:43:24.880 --> 0:43:27.400
<v Speaker 3>What if the House of Representatives was a place they lived?

0:43:27.880 --> 0:43:29.120
<v Speaker 3>Yeah and fucked.

0:43:29.680 --> 0:43:32.680
<v Speaker 2>Yeah that said, you know, by the time he's getting

0:43:32.719 --> 0:43:35.080
<v Speaker 2>laid in his reign, kings are like anyone else as

0:43:35.160 --> 0:43:37.279
<v Speaker 2>they age, the shit that used to work don't work.

0:43:38.120 --> 0:43:41.279
<v Speaker 2>And Louis had been for most of his life a

0:43:41.400 --> 0:43:44.040
<v Speaker 2>very successful war leader, but in the last decades of

0:43:44.080 --> 0:43:47.480
<v Speaker 2>his reign he makes increasingly poor decisions, and some of

0:43:47.560 --> 0:43:50.560
<v Speaker 2>these lead him to participate in the War of Spanish

0:43:50.680 --> 0:43:54.120
<v Speaker 2>Succession in the early seventeen hundreds. A lot of the

0:43:54.200 --> 0:43:57.279
<v Speaker 2>wars in this period are wars of succession. A king

0:43:57.320 --> 0:44:00.920
<v Speaker 2>will die without an air everyone will feel like, well, iveyl,

0:44:01.000 --> 0:44:03.600
<v Speaker 2>like one of my relatives should be in there, you know,

0:44:03.719 --> 0:44:08.400
<v Speaker 2>and then maybe France, you know, can effectively be helping

0:44:08.480 --> 0:44:11.719
<v Speaker 2>to govern Spain or whatever. This does not work, or

0:44:11.719 --> 0:44:13.759
<v Speaker 2>at least what Louis wants out of the War of

0:44:13.800 --> 0:44:16.920
<v Speaker 2>Spanish Succession. He doesn't get. The war is kind of

0:44:17.000 --> 0:44:20.880
<v Speaker 2>a mixed bag for France. Her ambitions in Spain are stymied,

0:44:21.280 --> 0:44:24.239
<v Speaker 2>but she does close the war out after years with

0:44:24.360 --> 0:44:28.040
<v Speaker 2>some strong winds against Austria. Right, so it's not a

0:44:28.200 --> 0:44:32.799
<v Speaker 2>total calamity, but it's hideously unpopular and by the end

0:44:32.960 --> 0:44:35.520
<v Speaker 2>the country is like bankrupt, and in fact the economy

0:44:35.520 --> 0:44:37.960
<v Speaker 2>shits the bed so bad that Louis has to melt

0:44:38.080 --> 0:44:41.720
<v Speaker 2>down ten million livres worth of silver furniture at Versailles

0:44:41.880 --> 0:44:44.799
<v Speaker 2>to pay the crown's debts. This is not a good

0:44:44.880 --> 0:44:47.520
<v Speaker 2>deal because it only results in three million livres worth

0:44:47.560 --> 0:44:51.440
<v Speaker 2>of metal. Newsmongers whispered that the king might have made

0:44:51.520 --> 0:44:53.760
<v Speaker 2>more headway on the crown's debts if he had sold

0:44:53.800 --> 0:44:57.360
<v Speaker 2>the crown diamonds, but Louis couldn't stand the idea. He

0:44:57.520 --> 0:45:01.880
<v Speaker 2>loved seeing his female relatives nieces and granddaughters and the like,

0:45:02.200 --> 0:45:05.359
<v Speaker 2>wearing diamonds, and he was absolutely unwilling to sell those time.

0:45:05.440 --> 0:45:09.000
<v Speaker 2>That's unreasonable to expect of him, of course, of course exactly.

0:45:09.280 --> 0:45:12.960
<v Speaker 2>And look, if you don't want to sell your royal diamonds, uh,

0:45:13.600 --> 0:45:13.799
<v Speaker 2>you know.

0:45:16.120 --> 0:45:17.080
<v Speaker 3>I wouldn't sell mine.

0:45:17.600 --> 0:45:19.480
<v Speaker 2>Buy some diamonds from our sponsors.

0:45:24.080 --> 0:45:28.360
<v Speaker 3>Okay, yep, yeah, I'm good, just emotional that he couldn't

0:45:28.400 --> 0:45:31.680
<v Speaker 3>have this, but he can't turn cool Zone Media into

0:45:31.680 --> 0:45:32.319
<v Speaker 3>the party house.

0:45:32.719 --> 0:45:34.719
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, this will see, yes, is going to become for

0:45:34.800 --> 0:45:37.120
<v Speaker 2>me though. This is inspired me. Yeah, I have always

0:45:37.200 --> 0:45:39.400
<v Speaker 2>wanted to create a giant house and make all of

0:45:39.480 --> 0:45:43.960
<v Speaker 2>the podcasters live there, podcasting Versailles and called.

0:45:43.800 --> 0:45:45.720
<v Speaker 1>The content It's called a content house.

0:45:46.040 --> 0:45:47.200
<v Speaker 2>It's called a content house.

0:45:47.239 --> 0:45:49.239
<v Speaker 4>And don't look up the suicide race.

0:45:49.600 --> 0:45:54.560
<v Speaker 2>Yeah no, that does sound like a nightmare. The pods

0:45:54.640 --> 0:45:56.719
<v Speaker 2>save guys are going to be poisoning each other to

0:45:56.800 --> 0:45:59.319
<v Speaker 2>get close. Like I said, Actually that part sounds rad

0:46:00.200 --> 0:46:06.719
<v Speaker 2>This sounds great. So we're yeah, I mean we've been back,

0:46:06.800 --> 0:46:10.640
<v Speaker 2>but Versailles had to downsize in its last year's right,

0:46:10.800 --> 0:46:14.480
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fourteenth is not doing as well at the

0:46:14.600 --> 0:46:16.760
<v Speaker 2>end of his reign as he had at beginning. Frances

0:46:16.840 --> 0:46:19.120
<v Speaker 2>broke and it will it will be in a kind

0:46:19.160 --> 0:46:22.759
<v Speaker 2>of semi constant state of being broke until you know,

0:46:22.920 --> 0:46:27.160
<v Speaker 2>Marie Antoinette and her husband get forced out. Right for

0:46:27.239 --> 0:46:29.960
<v Speaker 2>an idea of how of how fucked up things get.

0:46:30.160 --> 0:46:32.719
<v Speaker 2>At Versailles, at the height of the Sun King's power,

0:46:32.960 --> 0:46:38.000
<v Speaker 2>there had been fifteen hundred fountains at Versailles. Right by

0:46:38.040 --> 0:46:42.920
<v Speaker 2>the time of Marie Antoinette, there are only three hundred. Yeah, tragic,

0:46:43.040 --> 0:46:44.520
<v Speaker 2>It's tragic. You hate to see it.

0:46:46.200 --> 0:46:47.320
<v Speaker 3>I only have two hundred.

0:46:47.440 --> 0:46:51.200
<v Speaker 2>I mean that's yeah, it really is, you know, And

0:46:51.360 --> 0:46:53.960
<v Speaker 2>and I've been telling you you could, you'd need another

0:46:54.360 --> 0:46:59.960
<v Speaker 2>thirteen hundred fountains. I agree. Just fountain technology is advance

0:47:00.280 --> 0:47:05.680
<v Speaker 2>so much it is crazy versus this one palace for

0:47:05.760 --> 0:47:08.759
<v Speaker 2>the king had more fountains by a long shot than

0:47:08.840 --> 0:47:13.759
<v Speaker 2>Las Vegas, Nevada. Yeah, like, like way more fountains. How

0:47:13.840 --> 0:47:15.960
<v Speaker 2>big were they though? Some of them are pretty big.

0:47:16.760 --> 0:47:20.120
<v Speaker 2>They're pretty big, and they have to because the technology

0:47:20.200 --> 0:47:22.640
<v Speaker 2>is not as good and there's like getting enough water

0:47:22.800 --> 0:47:26.080
<v Speaker 2>is harder. They're having to constantly turn them on and

0:47:26.280 --> 0:47:29.640
<v Speaker 2>off as the King approaches different areas, so he doesn't

0:47:29.760 --> 0:47:32.320
<v Speaker 2>know that they're not on. And also just because like

0:47:32.400 --> 0:47:35.000
<v Speaker 2>you can't have them all functioning at once, there's too many.

0:47:35.239 --> 0:47:38.080
<v Speaker 2>So there's this whole network of like people running back

0:47:38.080 --> 0:47:39.719
<v Speaker 2>and forth. The King's going here, now, you gotta like

0:47:40.400 --> 0:47:42.200
<v Speaker 2>turn this one off, get the flow going to that one.

0:47:42.719 --> 0:47:45.000
<v Speaker 3>Right, there's a decent chance he had no idea that

0:47:45.120 --> 0:47:48.640
<v Speaker 3>any of this is happening, just like reality to him

0:47:48.880 --> 0:47:53.600
<v Speaker 3>must be complete, must have been completely insane. That's like

0:47:53.760 --> 0:47:56.480
<v Speaker 3>life fucking rocks. Yeah, I walk around, there's always fountains.

0:47:56.600 --> 0:47:59.359
<v Speaker 2>There's always fountains. Or he took a lot of joy

0:47:59.440 --> 0:48:02.320
<v Speaker 2>in the fact that everyone was like constantly working, and

0:48:02.400 --> 0:48:04.239
<v Speaker 2>he there was an extent to which he did want

0:48:04.360 --> 0:48:09.080
<v Speaker 2>everyone always obsessed with keeping him happy. Right, But it

0:48:09.200 --> 0:48:12.960
<v Speaker 2>is that also that's kind of that causes brain damage, right,

0:48:13.520 --> 0:48:17.719
<v Speaker 2>having being this separated from reality and this insulated from

0:48:17.840 --> 0:48:21.520
<v Speaker 2>everyone else and living in a situation like this, like

0:48:22.000 --> 0:48:25.520
<v Speaker 2>you would be hurting your head less by just standing

0:48:25.640 --> 0:48:28.480
<v Speaker 2>next to one hundred and fifty five millimeter howitzer while

0:48:28.520 --> 0:48:36.520
<v Speaker 2>it fires all day, right, like it's I cannot overemphasize

0:48:36.800 --> 0:48:39.719
<v Speaker 2>how bad this is for you, and how much this

0:48:39.920 --> 0:48:42.560
<v Speaker 2>affects his judgment making right.

0:48:42.800 --> 0:48:42.920
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:48:43.040 --> 0:48:46.800
<v Speaker 2>He's also older, right, which means that he's not thinking

0:48:46.880 --> 0:48:49.279
<v Speaker 2>as clearly as he used to be. Maybe there's some

0:48:49.360 --> 0:48:53.520
<v Speaker 2>aminsha here too. He's sicker, but he makes a lot

0:48:53.560 --> 0:48:56.600
<v Speaker 2>of bad decisions, right, and he's aware of this to

0:48:56.719 --> 0:49:00.879
<v Speaker 2>some extent. His last words are generally reported as being

0:49:01.080 --> 0:49:04.120
<v Speaker 2>I have loved war too much, right, Like, he really

0:49:04.160 --> 0:49:06.200
<v Speaker 2>seems to regret, and that's what he passes on to

0:49:06.280 --> 0:49:10.200
<v Speaker 2>his successor, don't do as many wars as I did.

0:49:10.360 --> 0:49:13.440
<v Speaker 2>It ended badly, right, I got way too into war

0:49:14.040 --> 0:49:17.920
<v Speaker 2>and it really was great. We are broke now. I

0:49:18.040 --> 0:49:19.719
<v Speaker 2>had to melt down my furniture.

0:49:22.920 --> 0:49:26.920
<v Speaker 3>But also the furniture was made of fucking silver, a

0:49:27.000 --> 0:49:27.320
<v Speaker 3>lot of it.

0:49:27.440 --> 0:49:29.960
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, But the fun it's just a bunch of fucking

0:49:30.040 --> 0:49:34.320
<v Speaker 2>full metal. Yeah. Yeah, I think a lot of it's plated. Okay,

0:49:34.440 --> 0:49:36.320
<v Speaker 2>I'm sure a decent amount of it's silver plated, but

0:49:36.400 --> 0:49:38.279
<v Speaker 2>also not all of it. Right, he does have the

0:49:38.360 --> 0:49:42.960
<v Speaker 2>money for pure silver chairs and stuff, you know, the king, Yeah,

0:49:46.120 --> 0:49:49.759
<v Speaker 2>so good. And again this is one of kind of

0:49:49.920 --> 0:49:51.520
<v Speaker 2>like the I don't know if tragedy is the right

0:49:51.600 --> 0:49:53.680
<v Speaker 2>word but one of the things that is like unjust

0:49:53.760 --> 0:49:57.440
<v Speaker 2>here is that the last king in his line, Louis

0:49:57.520 --> 0:50:00.840
<v Speaker 2>the sixteenth, you know, Marie Antoinette's husband, is going to

0:50:00.920 --> 0:50:03.880
<v Speaker 2>be murdered in part as a result of this horrible

0:50:03.920 --> 0:50:06.400
<v Speaker 2>system of debt that gets started in the end of

0:50:06.440 --> 0:50:09.399
<v Speaker 2>the Sun King's reign. Louis the sixteenth hates war. He's

0:50:09.480 --> 0:50:11.200
<v Speaker 2>like the only one of these guys who is not

0:50:11.440 --> 0:50:15.480
<v Speaker 2>at all interested in starting wars. He does get involved

0:50:15.560 --> 0:50:19.040
<v Speaker 2>in the war that the US has right like our

0:50:19.120 --> 0:50:23.000
<v Speaker 2>War of Independence, but he's not like a warmonger in

0:50:23.080 --> 0:50:25.640
<v Speaker 2>the same way that his relatives had been, in part

0:50:25.719 --> 0:50:28.759
<v Speaker 2>because he sees where it takes the kingdom. But he's

0:50:28.840 --> 0:50:31.320
<v Speaker 2>ultimately going to pay with his head the price for

0:50:31.440 --> 0:50:34.560
<v Speaker 2>all of the warmongering that is his grandpa and great

0:50:34.600 --> 0:50:37.239
<v Speaker 2>grandpa and what not do nor his great grandpa and

0:50:37.280 --> 0:50:39.800
<v Speaker 2>I guess great great grandpa. It gets a little confusing

0:50:39.880 --> 0:50:43.680
<v Speaker 2>because since Louis this fourteenth had reigned for seventy two years,

0:50:44.160 --> 0:50:46.800
<v Speaker 2>he didn't have any kids that are alive, right, Like,

0:50:47.080 --> 0:50:50.399
<v Speaker 2>those fuckers all died a while ago, you know, Yeah,

0:50:51.320 --> 0:50:56.120
<v Speaker 2>they got poisoned or they got the fucking symholists or whatever. Yeah,

0:50:56.680 --> 0:51:00.600
<v Speaker 2>well he's he's got all. He's probably trickled. This really

0:51:00.600 --> 0:51:03.719
<v Speaker 2>stopped working right, right, and so it's going to be

0:51:03.880 --> 0:51:07.719
<v Speaker 2>his successor who becomes Louis the fifteenth, which, if you've

0:51:07.760 --> 0:51:10.320
<v Speaker 2>seen the Sophia Coppola Marie Antoinette movie, this is the

0:51:10.400 --> 0:51:14.960
<v Speaker 2>guy rip torn place. Okay, yeah, the second Louis. In

0:51:15.080 --> 0:51:18.279
<v Speaker 2>the Versailles line, there are only three kings during the

0:51:18.360 --> 0:51:22.320
<v Speaker 2>period of Versailles being the center of France, right the

0:51:22.440 --> 0:51:26.080
<v Speaker 2>Sun King, Louis the fifteenth and Louis the sixteenth, and

0:51:27.239 --> 0:51:29.800
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fourteenth had reigned so long that Louis the

0:51:29.920 --> 0:51:34.879
<v Speaker 2>fifteenth is his great grandson. He was five years old

0:51:35.000 --> 0:51:37.400
<v Speaker 2>when he was crowned the king, and this came as

0:51:37.440 --> 0:51:39.680
<v Speaker 2>a surprise. He was not expected up until kind of

0:51:39.719 --> 0:51:42.040
<v Speaker 2>the last moment that he would be the Delphine, and

0:51:42.320 --> 0:51:45.120
<v Speaker 2>Delphine is the French word for the prince that's going

0:51:45.200 --> 0:51:49.440
<v Speaker 2>to inherit being the king, right, that's the Delphine, So

0:51:50.400 --> 0:51:54.600
<v Speaker 2>this comes as a surprise. Other people are in line

0:51:54.680 --> 0:51:57.920
<v Speaker 2>to be the king before him up until the last minute,

0:51:58.040 --> 0:52:00.480
<v Speaker 2>right in the last five years of the Sun King's rain.

0:52:01.000 --> 0:52:04.040
<v Speaker 2>The Grand and Petite Dauphines which are the first and

0:52:04.160 --> 0:52:07.400
<v Speaker 2>second in line for the throne, both die of smallpox

0:52:07.480 --> 0:52:11.959
<v Speaker 2>and measles, respectively. Louis the Fifteenth's brother, who was also

0:52:12.000 --> 0:52:15.360
<v Speaker 2>ahead of him, becomes Dauphine, but then he gets measles,

0:52:16.160 --> 0:52:19.239
<v Speaker 2>and also the Louis the fifteenth gets measles too, right,

0:52:19.280 --> 0:52:21.800
<v Speaker 2>they both get mesles at the same time. His older

0:52:21.920 --> 0:52:26.520
<v Speaker 2>brother dies, he survives, and again, stories like this are

0:52:26.760 --> 0:52:30.320
<v Speaker 2>very common at Versailles in particular. That's not the only obviously,

0:52:30.960 --> 0:52:33.000
<v Speaker 2>it's a lot more common to die of sicknesses like

0:52:33.080 --> 0:52:35.720
<v Speaker 2>this and for them to sweep through families, even noble families,

0:52:35.800 --> 0:52:39.040
<v Speaker 2>all throughout Europe. But everyone, you've got three thousand people

0:52:39.120 --> 0:52:43.279
<v Speaker 2>living in one big house, disease spreads more readily, right, and.

0:52:43.320 --> 0:52:45.759
<v Speaker 3>A place where people probably hide their symptoms as well,

0:52:45.880 --> 0:52:47.399
<v Speaker 3>because they don't want the king to think.

0:52:47.480 --> 0:52:51.280
<v Speaker 2>Because the king gets angry if you're sick, yeah, because

0:52:51.320 --> 0:52:56.600
<v Speaker 2>it's yes, yes. So Louis the fifteenth ultimately becomes king

0:52:56.719 --> 0:53:00.359
<v Speaker 2>because every three other guys die in quick success over

0:53:00.360 --> 0:53:03.440
<v Speaker 2>the course of a couple of years, and the treatment

0:53:03.520 --> 0:53:05.759
<v Speaker 2>for measles that he and his brother both undergo is

0:53:05.840 --> 0:53:09.560
<v Speaker 2>blood letting, and that kills his brother. But he survives. Now,

0:53:09.880 --> 0:53:13.000
<v Speaker 2>in the Sun King's last days, he rewrote his will

0:53:13.120 --> 0:53:16.200
<v Speaker 2>to limit the next king's power and establish a regency

0:53:16.239 --> 0:53:18.400
<v Speaker 2>council because he knows that the next king is going

0:53:18.440 --> 0:53:22.000
<v Speaker 2>to be five, right, and he also knows it that's

0:53:22.080 --> 0:53:25.120
<v Speaker 2>the reason. Well, the bigger reason is that a five

0:53:25.200 --> 0:53:26.839
<v Speaker 2>year old can't be king. Yeah, he has to wait

0:53:26.840 --> 0:53:30.320
<v Speaker 2>till he's thirteen. But of course the kid's great uncle,

0:53:30.440 --> 0:53:33.359
<v Speaker 2>Philip the Second, the Duke of Orleon. He's the guy

0:53:33.400 --> 0:53:36.160
<v Speaker 2>who's supposed to be regent so ruling in the king's stead.

0:53:36.719 --> 0:53:39.560
<v Speaker 2>The Son King doesn't like the Duke of Orleon because

0:53:39.560 --> 0:53:41.360
<v Speaker 2>he's an atheist and a warmonger.

0:53:41.640 --> 0:53:41.759
<v Speaker 4>Right.

0:53:41.920 --> 0:53:45.319
<v Speaker 2>Oh okay, that's that's how the Sun King sees him, right,

0:53:45.760 --> 0:53:48.200
<v Speaker 2>And instead, the Son King wants his bastard son, the

0:53:48.280 --> 0:53:50.600
<v Speaker 2>Duke of Maine, to be the regent until Louis the

0:53:50.680 --> 0:53:52.800
<v Speaker 2>fifteenth is old enough to take up the job, so

0:53:52.920 --> 0:53:55.759
<v Speaker 2>he rewrites his will. But as soon as the Sun

0:53:55.840 --> 0:53:58.520
<v Speaker 2>King dies, Philip leads a coup in the wake of

0:53:58.600 --> 0:54:00.360
<v Speaker 2>the Sun King's death, and he goes go to the

0:54:00.440 --> 0:54:03.479
<v Speaker 2>Parliament of Paris, this which is again a legal body,

0:54:03.560 --> 0:54:05.680
<v Speaker 2>and he convinces them to a null parts of the

0:54:05.800 --> 0:54:09.360
<v Speaker 2>King's will. In exchange, he reaffirms what it's going to

0:54:09.400 --> 0:54:12.160
<v Speaker 2>be called the right of remonstrance, which is parliament's power

0:54:12.239 --> 0:54:14.279
<v Speaker 2>to challenge the king to say no if the King

0:54:14.360 --> 0:54:17.600
<v Speaker 2>says I want a new tax or something. Right, and

0:54:17.719 --> 0:54:20.279
<v Speaker 2>the fact that the Parliament gets this power back is

0:54:20.360 --> 0:54:22.719
<v Speaker 2>going to lead to a number of conflicts that become

0:54:22.800 --> 0:54:25.840
<v Speaker 2>contributing factors to the revolution. Right, and it's as a

0:54:25.880 --> 0:54:28.480
<v Speaker 2>result of these kind of court politics. Right, Philippe wants

0:54:28.560 --> 0:54:30.480
<v Speaker 2>to be the regent. He doesn't want this other guy

0:54:30.560 --> 0:54:34.560
<v Speaker 2>to be the regent. You know, after this, you know,

0:54:35.120 --> 0:54:37.440
<v Speaker 2>this whole mess with the will is sorted out. The

0:54:37.600 --> 0:54:40.640
<v Speaker 2>child King Louis the fifteenth has a normal childhood, you know,

0:54:40.760 --> 0:54:42.719
<v Speaker 2>by which I mean at age seven, he's given to

0:54:42.800 --> 0:54:45.840
<v Speaker 2>a seventy three year old general and taught military etiquette

0:54:45.840 --> 0:54:48.439
<v Speaker 2>and court etiquette. He learns how to ride and hunt,

0:54:48.680 --> 0:54:51.359
<v Speaker 2>while Philippe proved that the son king had been right

0:54:51.520 --> 0:54:54.400
<v Speaker 2>not to trust him. One of Philip's first big moves

0:54:54.560 --> 0:54:57.239
<v Speaker 2>is to make a Scottish economist named John Law the

0:54:57.320 --> 0:55:01.880
<v Speaker 2>Controller General of Finances, opens a private bank that becomes

0:55:01.960 --> 0:55:04.120
<v Speaker 2>one of the first banks in the world to issue

0:55:04.200 --> 0:55:09.239
<v Speaker 2>paper money, right, massive innovation. Unfortunately, the primary purpose of

0:55:09.320 --> 0:55:12.320
<v Speaker 2>this bank is to take investments for the Mississippi Company,

0:55:12.640 --> 0:55:16.760
<v Speaker 2>which meant to colonize Louisiana. And if you've been there recently,

0:55:17.880 --> 0:55:20.480
<v Speaker 2>you know this didn't work out for the French, right,

0:55:21.000 --> 0:55:24.280
<v Speaker 2>you know, New Orleans is pretty nice, but like, overall,

0:55:24.560 --> 0:55:29.400
<v Speaker 2>they don't Louisiana doesn't become a great functional colony. And

0:55:30.080 --> 0:55:32.520
<v Speaker 2>this is kind of like a Ponzi scheme of its

0:55:32.640 --> 0:55:36.680
<v Speaker 2>day because it collapses. The plan collapses, which kills the

0:55:36.840 --> 0:55:40.760
<v Speaker 2>national bank and bankrupts a huge chunk of the nobility

0:55:40.800 --> 0:55:43.800
<v Speaker 2>who had invest it into it. Right, Oh God, Like,

0:55:43.920 --> 0:55:46.920
<v Speaker 2>this is like a massive financial disaster of its day.

0:55:47.360 --> 0:55:49.920
<v Speaker 2>So more of these guys go in debt to the crown,

0:55:50.120 --> 0:55:52.680
<v Speaker 2>and the crown knows primarily how to help these guys.

0:55:52.680 --> 0:55:55.000
<v Speaker 2>If you want to help these nobles who are close

0:55:55.080 --> 0:55:58.480
<v Speaker 2>to the king rebuild their fortunes, your main way of

0:55:58.600 --> 0:56:01.040
<v Speaker 2>doing that is to give them the right to tax

0:56:01.400 --> 0:56:05.240
<v Speaker 2>certain areas. And there's only a limited number of these taxes.

0:56:05.360 --> 0:56:08.560
<v Speaker 2>You have to create new ones, which means the recovery

0:56:08.640 --> 0:56:10.520
<v Speaker 2>of these fortunes by the nobles is going to be

0:56:10.600 --> 0:56:13.120
<v Speaker 2>born largely by the poor and the bourgeois. He right.

0:56:13.680 --> 0:56:14.040
<v Speaker 4>Uh huh.

0:56:14.680 --> 0:56:17.960
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fifteenth gets married to one of his cousins,

0:56:18.440 --> 0:56:20.040
<v Speaker 2>Marianna Victoria of Spain.

0:56:20.719 --> 0:56:20.839
<v Speaker 1>Uh.

0:56:21.360 --> 0:56:25.399
<v Speaker 2>This is there's a there's a six year age gap.

0:56:25.920 --> 0:56:31.640
<v Speaker 2>She's three and he's nine. Problematic, but not for either

0:56:31.760 --> 0:56:35.719
<v Speaker 2>of them. They're not really in charge of this. There again,

0:56:35.800 --> 0:56:37.440
<v Speaker 2>a six year old and a three year old or

0:56:37.440 --> 0:56:41.680
<v Speaker 2>a nine year old a three year old. The bride

0:56:41.880 --> 0:56:43.800
<v Speaker 2>is sent to the Louverra to live with her husband.

0:56:44.480 --> 0:56:46.440
<v Speaker 2>But after about four years of this, the.

0:56:46.760 --> 0:56:49.600
<v Speaker 3>Child pride to the child king.

0:56:50.239 --> 0:56:53.040
<v Speaker 2>Then Philippe dies and she gets sent back home because

0:56:53.040 --> 0:56:56.080
<v Speaker 2>she's not old enough to have kids. Thank god, there's

0:56:56.160 --> 0:57:00.480
<v Speaker 2>that understanding. Seven year old's a little young to have children.

0:57:01.160 --> 0:57:02.480
<v Speaker 3>But you know, it's fucking France.

0:57:02.520 --> 0:57:05.279
<v Speaker 2>They were like thinking about it. They thought about it.

0:57:05.440 --> 0:57:09.640
<v Speaker 2>Rack Benjie. Louis the fifteenth takes over ruling duties at

0:57:09.719 --> 0:57:13.720
<v Speaker 2>age thirteen in June of seventeen twenty two. And again

0:57:14.320 --> 0:57:17.120
<v Speaker 2>when we talk about the degree of complicity, by this point,

0:57:17.600 --> 0:57:22.560
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fourteenth totally responsible for his actions. Louis the

0:57:22.640 --> 0:57:25.240
<v Speaker 2>Fifteenth partially, but you have to do it. You do

0:57:25.360 --> 0:57:27.800
<v Speaker 2>have to take into account this man becomes king at

0:57:27.840 --> 0:57:32.400
<v Speaker 2>age thirteen, and again Marie Antoinette married at thirteen. Right,

0:57:32.640 --> 0:57:36.040
<v Speaker 2>these are children being thrown into these roles, and to

0:57:36.560 --> 0:57:39.360
<v Speaker 2>the head of this insane you are taking a thirteen

0:57:39.440 --> 0:57:41.919
<v Speaker 2>year old and saying, hey, you are now the head

0:57:42.080 --> 0:57:47.240
<v Speaker 2>of the most like, insidiously fucked up and mentally dominating

0:57:47.360 --> 0:57:48.680
<v Speaker 2>cult that has ever existed.

0:57:48.960 --> 0:57:52.760
<v Speaker 6>Built for someone else, built for someone else, good life,

0:57:52.840 --> 0:57:56.080
<v Speaker 6>someone else when they were more sane than they are now,

0:57:56.160 --> 0:57:58.480
<v Speaker 6>which they were not very sane before, but now they're

0:57:58.560 --> 0:57:59.320
<v Speaker 6>really insane.

0:57:59.440 --> 0:58:04.440
<v Speaker 2>This cold designed by like a once in a several

0:58:04.560 --> 0:58:09.520
<v Speaker 2>generations political genius Twining who was a mature adult. Yes,

0:58:10.520 --> 0:58:14.280
<v Speaker 2>good luck, good luck. So this thing that had Versai

0:58:14.400 --> 0:58:17.680
<v Speaker 2>had initially been a way for him to exert control.

0:58:18.280 --> 0:58:21.800
<v Speaker 2>By the time his successor takes over, the system is

0:58:22.400 --> 0:58:26.720
<v Speaker 2>controlling the king as much as it's controlling the nobles. Right,

0:58:27.760 --> 0:58:32.120
<v Speaker 2>they are no longer running things, because this increasingly arcane

0:58:32.160 --> 0:58:35.720
<v Speaker 2>system of etiquette has taken on a life of its own,

0:58:36.400 --> 0:58:38.920
<v Speaker 2>And so from the beginning Louis the fifteenth is as

0:58:39.000 --> 0:58:41.320
<v Speaker 2>much a prisoner of the system as he is the

0:58:41.400 --> 0:58:44.040
<v Speaker 2>guy at its head. For an idea of how cloying

0:58:44.120 --> 0:58:45.960
<v Speaker 2>and total it could be. A treat is from seventeen

0:58:46.040 --> 0:58:50.120
<v Speaker 2>twenty nine on napkin etiquette stated it is ungentlemanly to

0:58:50.280 --> 0:58:53.200
<v Speaker 2>use a napkin for wiping the face or scraping the teeth,

0:58:53.480 --> 0:58:56.360
<v Speaker 2>and a vulgar error to wipe one's nose with it.

0:58:57.000 --> 0:58:59.880
<v Speaker 2>The same there do you do it? You just get

0:58:59.960 --> 0:59:02.960
<v Speaker 2>it's a looking napkin, You just keep it.

0:59:04.160 --> 0:59:04.360
<v Speaker 6>Yeah.

0:59:05.120 --> 0:59:07.920
<v Speaker 2>The same treatise went on to insist the person of

0:59:08.120 --> 0:59:11.240
<v Speaker 2>highest rank in the company should unfold his napkin first,

0:59:11.600 --> 0:59:14.040
<v Speaker 2>all others waiting until he has done so before they

0:59:14.200 --> 0:59:17.640
<v Speaker 2>unfold theirs. When all of those present are social equals,

0:59:18.000 --> 0:59:21.000
<v Speaker 2>all unfold together with no ceremony.

0:59:24.480 --> 0:59:25.720
<v Speaker 3>For this useless napkin.

0:59:26.480 --> 0:59:31.600
<v Speaker 2>For a napkin, there's books written on napkins sick. Every

0:59:31.760 --> 0:59:34.840
<v Speaker 2>night includes a grand dinner, which is a public event.

0:59:35.160 --> 0:59:37.840
<v Speaker 2>Anyone who is at Versailles can show up and watch

0:59:37.960 --> 0:59:40.480
<v Speaker 2>the dinner, but it's only public in the sense that

0:59:40.560 --> 0:59:43.640
<v Speaker 2>the public can watch. Only the royal family gets to

0:59:43.680 --> 0:59:46.800
<v Speaker 2>sit and eat. Right, and based on your rank, if

0:59:46.840 --> 0:59:51.120
<v Speaker 2>you're a duchess or a princess or someone similarly high ranking,

0:59:51.440 --> 0:59:54.160
<v Speaker 2>you might get to sit at a stool. Right, Okay,

0:59:54.360 --> 0:59:57.600
<v Speaker 2>everyone else has to stand. The king is the only

0:59:57.680 --> 1:00:00.800
<v Speaker 2>one who gets a chair with armrests, I think is why.

1:00:00.840 --> 1:00:02.880
<v Speaker 2>I think the king and queen both get armrests in

1:00:02.920 --> 1:00:06.040
<v Speaker 2>their chairs, and if another king is visiting, he gets

1:00:06.080 --> 1:00:09.840
<v Speaker 2>a chair with armrests. Right, Although this is complicated because

1:00:09.840 --> 1:00:13.200
<v Speaker 2>of all of this etiquette, Like you can if you're

1:00:13.240 --> 1:00:17.919
<v Speaker 2>in a room with a bunch of people, only people

1:00:18.000 --> 1:00:21.680
<v Speaker 2>can only start conversations with someone who is an equal

1:00:21.760 --> 1:00:25.040
<v Speaker 2>or lower rank to them, so talking about anything is

1:00:25.120 --> 1:00:29.880
<v Speaker 2>really fucked up. And generally when kings visit, When kings

1:00:29.920 --> 1:00:33.640
<v Speaker 2>and queens visit, they visit incognito, which is they pretend

1:00:33.840 --> 1:00:37.640
<v Speaker 2>to not be the King of Russia or Prussia or wherever.

1:00:38.120 --> 1:00:40.520
<v Speaker 2>They pretend to be just another random nobleman with a

1:00:40.560 --> 1:00:43.400
<v Speaker 2>fake name, because then they don't have to deal with

1:00:43.680 --> 1:00:46.520
<v Speaker 2>all of this etiquette. Because usually if you're a king

1:00:46.520 --> 1:00:48.560
<v Speaker 2>who's heading there, you're heading there to handle some very

1:00:48.680 --> 1:00:51.400
<v Speaker 2>serious state business and you don't have the time to

1:00:51.520 --> 1:00:54.120
<v Speaker 2>deal with all this bullshit, so you just lie and

1:00:54.240 --> 1:00:57.120
<v Speaker 2>say you're someone else and everyone knows. But then we

1:00:57.200 --> 1:00:59.280
<v Speaker 2>don't have to do as much of the bullshit.

1:00:59.520 --> 1:01:03.440
<v Speaker 3>Right, But who decides who the social hierarcky or is

1:01:03.520 --> 1:01:04.360
<v Speaker 3>this arbitrary.

1:01:04.960 --> 1:01:07.400
<v Speaker 2>It's been decided over the course of years. So I

1:01:07.480 --> 1:01:09.040
<v Speaker 2>mean again, a lot of this comes out of the

1:01:09.240 --> 1:01:13.280
<v Speaker 2>earlier feudal system, right, but you have princes and princesses

1:01:13.320 --> 1:01:15.840
<v Speaker 2>of the blood which you're above, you know, these kind

1:01:15.840 --> 1:01:17.960
<v Speaker 2>of lower ranking nobles, and you've got this.

1:01:18.040 --> 1:01:22.040
<v Speaker 3>Whole everyone insane. Hi, every single person there is just

1:01:22.200 --> 1:01:23.640
<v Speaker 3>experiencing psyches.

1:01:24.160 --> 1:01:27.800
<v Speaker 2>Yes, old times people are people are constantly like it's this,

1:01:28.320 --> 1:01:30.920
<v Speaker 2>It's this maddening thing. Like if you are if you

1:01:31.000 --> 1:01:33.480
<v Speaker 2>are handing the and this happens if you're handing the

1:01:33.560 --> 1:01:35.640
<v Speaker 2>king or the queen. If you're the highest ranking guy

1:01:35.680 --> 1:01:37.640
<v Speaker 2>in the room, when they wake up and you're handing

1:01:37.720 --> 1:01:40.640
<v Speaker 2>them their shirt and someone else walks in who is

1:01:40.680 --> 1:01:43.240
<v Speaker 2>of an equal or higher rank, you have to stop

1:01:43.680 --> 1:01:46.440
<v Speaker 2>and give the shirt to them. There's a at one

1:01:46.480 --> 1:01:49.000
<v Speaker 2>point when Marie Antoinette is like new to the palace.

1:01:49.320 --> 1:01:51.040
<v Speaker 2>This happens like four or five times in a row,

1:01:51.120 --> 1:01:54.400
<v Speaker 2>and she's just standing there naked in the freezing cold, like,

1:01:54.640 --> 1:01:56.880
<v Speaker 2>for the love of God, somebody please give me clothes,

1:01:57.560 --> 1:02:00.560
<v Speaker 2>you know, like that that's an actual thing that happens.

1:02:00.640 --> 1:02:03.760
<v Speaker 2>Oh no, another guy walked in. Another lady walked in. No, no, no,

1:02:03.920 --> 1:02:06.520
<v Speaker 2>she gets the shirt. Now, look, we literally you are

1:02:06.600 --> 1:02:09.240
<v Speaker 2>not allowed as the king, like by this point, if

1:02:09.240 --> 1:02:11.680
<v Speaker 2>you're the king and the queen, you are an absolute

1:02:11.760 --> 1:02:14.240
<v Speaker 2>monarch and you are literally not allowed to touch your

1:02:14.280 --> 1:02:18.600
<v Speaker 2>own shirt because that would be this hideous violation of

1:02:18.640 --> 1:02:22.680
<v Speaker 2>etiquette that would like upset this very intricate social system

1:02:22.760 --> 1:02:25.800
<v Speaker 2>that everyone is reliant too. And the fear was that

1:02:25.840 --> 1:02:28.040
<v Speaker 2>if you break any of these protocol everything kind of

1:02:28.680 --> 1:02:31.880
<v Speaker 2>everything collapses. Right, that's exactly it, right.

1:02:32.040 --> 1:02:33.919
<v Speaker 3>The most expensive cultival time.

1:02:34.120 --> 1:02:37.600
<v Speaker 2>It's such a stupid system. It's so fucking funny, it's

1:02:38.320 --> 1:02:42.760
<v Speaker 2>it's really funny and dumb. So doors could not be

1:02:42.920 --> 1:02:45.440
<v Speaker 2>knocked on, right, You can't knock on a door because

1:02:45.680 --> 1:02:48.800
<v Speaker 2>the sun King was annoyed by knocking. And so again

1:02:48.920 --> 1:02:52.800
<v Speaker 2>another of intricate etiquette revolves around how you let someone

1:02:52.920 --> 1:02:55.680
<v Speaker 2>know you're at the door, because you also can't open doors.

1:02:55.960 --> 1:02:59.840
<v Speaker 2>Only courtiers can open only like like staff can open doors, basically, right,

1:03:00.120 --> 1:03:02.160
<v Speaker 2>no one else can open So you're you're not opening

1:03:02.200 --> 1:03:04.520
<v Speaker 2>any doors. If you want to get in, you have

1:03:04.680 --> 1:03:08.280
<v Speaker 2>to scratch the door with your left little finger and

1:03:08.400 --> 1:03:12.200
<v Speaker 2>you're right now, you're right. Courtiers start growing this left

1:03:12.280 --> 1:03:15.600
<v Speaker 2>fingernail out like the left lower little fingernail out like

1:03:15.680 --> 1:03:19.080
<v Speaker 2>a coke nail, so that they can more effectively scratch

1:03:19.200 --> 1:03:22.960
<v Speaker 2>the door to get whatever Lewis is reigning's attention at

1:03:23.000 --> 1:03:27.000
<v Speaker 2>the time. Just like a little like a talon, like

1:03:27.120 --> 1:03:29.400
<v Speaker 2>a towel. You got a little towel, You got a cokenail,

1:03:29.920 --> 1:03:36.480
<v Speaker 2>the king's expression, yeah, lovely. Etiquette enthusiast and Etiquette Apedia

1:03:36.680 --> 1:03:40.640
<v Speaker 2>editor Marra Graber lays out how absolutely claustrophobic the system

1:03:40.840 --> 1:03:44.000
<v Speaker 2>was by Louis the fifteenth reign quote. At the palace,

1:03:44.080 --> 1:03:47.040
<v Speaker 2>the courtiers lived under the despotic surveillance of the king,

1:03:47.200 --> 1:03:50.000
<v Speaker 2>and upon their good behavior, their deference, and their observance

1:03:50.040 --> 1:03:53.760
<v Speaker 2>of etiquette, their whole careers depended. If you displeased a Louis,

1:03:54.000 --> 1:03:57.240
<v Speaker 2>he would simply not see you the following day, his

1:03:57.400 --> 1:03:59.640
<v Speaker 2>gaze would pass over you as he surveyed the people

1:03:59.640 --> 1:04:02.240
<v Speaker 2>before him, and not being seen by the King was

1:04:02.280 --> 1:04:06.480
<v Speaker 2>tantamount to ceasing to count. At Versailles, a whole timetable

1:04:06.560 --> 1:04:09.240
<v Speaker 2>of ceremonies followed, much of it revolving around the King's

1:04:09.240 --> 1:04:12.360
<v Speaker 2>own person. Intimacy with Louis meant power and power was

1:04:12.360 --> 1:04:15.560
<v Speaker 2>symbolically expressed and attending to certain of the king's most

1:04:15.600 --> 1:04:18.760
<v Speaker 2>private and physical needs, handing him his stockings to put

1:04:18.800 --> 1:04:20.880
<v Speaker 2>on in the morning, being present as he used like

1:04:20.960 --> 1:04:24.000
<v Speaker 2>the bathroom, right rushing when the signal sounded, to be

1:04:24.080 --> 1:04:26.840
<v Speaker 2>present as he got ready for bed. It mattered desperately.

1:04:26.920 --> 1:04:29.280
<v Speaker 2>What closeness did the king allowed you, whether he spoke

1:04:29.320 --> 1:04:31.320
<v Speaker 2>to you in front of whom, and for how long.

1:04:31.840 --> 1:04:34.160
<v Speaker 2>The point about Versailles was that there was no escape.

1:04:34.440 --> 1:04:36.600
<v Speaker 2>The courtiers had to make it where they were. The

1:04:36.680 --> 1:04:39.720
<v Speaker 2>stage was the Louis, and the rules and the roles

1:04:39.720 --> 1:04:42.040
<v Speaker 2>that could be played were designed by him. It was

1:04:42.120 --> 1:04:44.560
<v Speaker 2>up to each courtier to fit him or herself into

1:04:44.640 --> 1:04:46.960
<v Speaker 2>one of the slots provided. The leaders of all the

1:04:47.000 --> 1:04:49.440
<v Speaker 2>other towns and villages of France were made largely through

1:04:49.480 --> 1:04:52.320
<v Speaker 2>the use of etiquette, and more specifically through rudeness and

1:04:52.440 --> 1:04:56.600
<v Speaker 2>judicious sliding by the tax collecting intendants to feel their subordination,

1:04:56.880 --> 1:05:02.080
<v Speaker 2>their distance from the court. That's a good system of government.

1:05:02.400 --> 1:05:05.160
<v Speaker 3>Yeah sounds it feels like you just live in this

1:05:05.440 --> 1:05:08.120
<v Speaker 3>constant state of paranoia. It reminds me of like the

1:05:08.480 --> 1:05:13.240
<v Speaker 3>death of Stalin as well. Yes, just like apologizing to

1:05:13.360 --> 1:05:15.840
<v Speaker 3>people or like not apologizing because that emits guiled.

1:05:16.520 --> 1:05:20.080
<v Speaker 2>Whenever you have an absolute monarchy, right and again, you

1:05:20.120 --> 1:05:24.320
<v Speaker 2>know Stalin Stalin's Russia isn't technically a monarchy, but it's

1:05:24.400 --> 1:05:26.880
<v Speaker 2>you've got it's an absolute dictatorship that they're all more

1:05:26.960 --> 1:05:29.480
<v Speaker 2>similar than they all are different. And anytime you have

1:05:29.560 --> 1:05:33.080
<v Speaker 2>one that's this absolute, it it's it is a cult

1:05:33.280 --> 1:05:37.600
<v Speaker 2>at the top, right, Yeah, because everything surrounding the ruler

1:05:38.680 --> 1:05:42.240
<v Speaker 2>has to be both an altered reality, because there's certain

1:05:42.280 --> 1:05:44.880
<v Speaker 2>things he refuses to see and does not have to

1:05:44.920 --> 1:05:49.400
<v Speaker 2>be aware of. Right, Yeah, it's pretty good. I'm glad

1:05:49.440 --> 1:05:52.120
<v Speaker 2>that doesn't happen now to people like, for example, the

1:05:52.240 --> 1:05:56.800
<v Speaker 2>president or billionaires. I'm glad billionaires don't also live in

1:05:56.880 --> 1:06:00.320
<v Speaker 2>their own functionally isolated realities where they they have no

1:06:00.440 --> 1:06:03.080
<v Speaker 2>real contact with the world and no one ever argues

1:06:03.160 --> 1:06:05.080
<v Speaker 2>them with them or tells them their ideas are bad,

1:06:05.440 --> 1:06:08.240
<v Speaker 2>and every moment of their lives is them getting exactly

1:06:08.320 --> 1:06:11.120
<v Speaker 2>what they want at any given moment. That obviously does

1:06:11.200 --> 1:06:13.480
<v Speaker 2>not cause them the kind of brain damage that all

1:06:13.560 --> 1:06:15.920
<v Speaker 2>of the kings of France got before the Revolution of

1:06:15.960 --> 1:06:16.920
<v Speaker 2>seventeen eighty nine.

1:06:17.520 --> 1:06:20.240
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, of course, I mean what I'm like, totally differ

1:06:20.360 --> 1:06:22.760
<v Speaker 3>So don't have like CEOs of public companies like this.

1:06:23.280 --> 1:06:26.120
<v Speaker 2>No, just like bench capitalist. This doesn't happen to every

1:06:26.280 --> 1:06:29.280
<v Speaker 2>rich guy. Right, every rich guy doesn't have his own Versailles.

1:06:29.480 --> 1:06:32.920
<v Speaker 2>You know that would be crazy. They wish it, almost

1:06:33.040 --> 1:06:37.560
<v Speaker 2>wishes they'd all be insane. Anyway, let's read about the

1:06:37.640 --> 1:06:41.840
<v Speaker 2>town in Texas he owns now? Anyway? Yeah, school or

1:06:41.920 --> 1:06:45.480
<v Speaker 2>the school. Now. The one method that out of favor

1:06:45.680 --> 1:06:48.400
<v Speaker 2>or distant nobles and wealthy business owners had of getting

1:06:48.440 --> 1:06:51.000
<v Speaker 2>the King's attention outside of cutting through this Gordian out

1:06:51.040 --> 1:06:54.440
<v Speaker 2>of palace etiquette, was to get a story true or libelous,

1:06:54.560 --> 1:06:58.280
<v Speaker 2>to go viral among the popular media. I talk right,

1:06:59.080 --> 1:07:03.640
<v Speaker 2>I talked post Yeah, they're posters. Yeah. As time went on,

1:07:04.200 --> 1:07:06.920
<v Speaker 2>when more nobles, certain nobles start hosting, some of them

1:07:06.960 --> 1:07:11.200
<v Speaker 2>host printing presses, others host basically bookstores for these libels.

1:07:11.520 --> 1:07:15.640
<v Speaker 2>These books that are like unauthorized biographies of the king

1:07:15.920 --> 1:07:18.680
<v Speaker 2>or his minister or his mistress. Right, and these are

1:07:18.760 --> 1:07:21.800
<v Speaker 2>full sized books, but they're usually take it. They're cobbled

1:07:21.840 --> 1:07:24.440
<v Speaker 2>together from day's worth of notes like taken at the

1:07:24.480 --> 1:07:27.760
<v Speaker 2>Tree of Crackou and from reports sent on the sly

1:07:27.920 --> 1:07:30.760
<v Speaker 2>By Versailles regulars. Right, people will compile these all into

1:07:30.880 --> 1:07:34.120
<v Speaker 2>books that are like you know that guy, what's his name,

1:07:35.160 --> 1:07:37.680
<v Speaker 2>the dude who's written like a couple of books about

1:07:37.760 --> 1:07:42.840
<v Speaker 2>the inside of the Trump administration, Michael Wolf. Yes, that's

1:07:43.040 --> 1:07:46.840
<v Speaker 2>he's doing labels right where some of what sent them's true,

1:07:46.960 --> 1:07:49.400
<v Speaker 2>some of what's in them bullshit, nobody ever really knows.

1:07:49.840 --> 1:07:52.320
<v Speaker 2>But they're these books that are meant to be slanderous

1:07:52.400 --> 1:07:55.760
<v Speaker 2>and popular among the masses by giving you, like the

1:07:55.920 --> 1:07:59.760
<v Speaker 2>gory details from inside in the lives of these people

1:07:59.760 --> 1:08:02.840
<v Speaker 2>who are of all the power, right, and these are

1:08:02.880 --> 1:08:07.200
<v Speaker 2>illegal to be sold in France, but certain nobles who

1:08:07.200 --> 1:08:10.640
<v Speaker 2>have big properties in France will let people sell books

1:08:10.760 --> 1:08:14.120
<v Speaker 2>or newsletters there and then the police can't raid them, right,

1:08:14.280 --> 1:08:20.400
<v Speaker 2>because that's the Duke's house or whatever. Effectively, so the

1:08:20.520 --> 1:08:22.400
<v Speaker 2>other major thing that I haven't talked about yet that

1:08:22.560 --> 1:08:25.760
<v Speaker 2>is honestly maybe the number one way in which a

1:08:25.840 --> 1:08:28.640
<v Speaker 2>lot of gossip gets out. And this is again it's

1:08:28.720 --> 1:08:33.320
<v Speaker 2>effectively like we've talked about, how like the salons and stuff,

1:08:33.400 --> 1:08:35.960
<v Speaker 2>these cafes where we will take their notes from you know,

1:08:36.120 --> 1:08:40.920
<v Speaker 2>the morning newsmonger speeches. That's like Twitter and Facebook, the

1:08:41.080 --> 1:08:45.760
<v Speaker 2>TikTok of the day, the songs popular songs. There's a

1:08:45.840 --> 1:08:48.560
<v Speaker 2>couple of there's a dozen or more different melodies that

1:08:48.680 --> 1:08:51.960
<v Speaker 2>people regularly just rewrite new lyrics for, And so everybody

1:08:52.080 --> 1:08:55.599
<v Speaker 2>knows all these melodies, and on a daily basis new

1:08:55.960 --> 1:08:58.400
<v Speaker 2>versions of the song. You'll hear someone singing it at

1:08:58.439 --> 1:09:00.840
<v Speaker 2>the market, You'll start sing it. They'll go viral among

1:09:00.920 --> 1:09:03.559
<v Speaker 2>the whole city, and a lot of gossip and news

1:09:03.640 --> 1:09:05.600
<v Speaker 2>gets out this way. This is again effectively like the

1:09:05.720 --> 1:09:09.439
<v Speaker 2>TikTok of its day. One explanation at the time, this

1:09:09.560 --> 1:09:12.200
<v Speaker 2>is a contemporary writer talking about this kind of weird

1:09:12.280 --> 1:09:15.800
<v Speaker 2>musical culture in Paris described it this way. A dastardly

1:09:15.920 --> 1:09:19.599
<v Speaker 2>courtier puts them slanderous rumors into rhyming couplets, and by

1:09:19.680 --> 1:09:22.559
<v Speaker 2>means of lowly servants, has then planted in market stalls

1:09:22.600 --> 1:09:25.639
<v Speaker 2>and street stands. From the markets there passed on to artisans,

1:09:25.640 --> 1:09:27.640
<v Speaker 2>who in turn relay them back to the nobleman who

1:09:27.680 --> 1:09:30.439
<v Speaker 2>had composed them, and who, without losing a moment, take

1:09:30.520 --> 1:09:34.160
<v Speaker 2>off for a meeting place in the Palace of Versailles

1:09:34.400 --> 1:09:37.200
<v Speaker 2>and whisper to one another in a tone of consummate hypocrisy.

1:09:37.520 --> 1:09:38.160
<v Speaker 2>Have you read them?

1:09:38.360 --> 1:09:38.519
<v Speaker 3>Here?

1:09:38.600 --> 1:09:41.439
<v Speaker 2>They are They're circulating among the common people of Paris.

1:09:43.439 --> 1:09:44.760
<v Speaker 2>Know this is not just song, but a lot of

1:09:44.800 --> 1:09:47.519
<v Speaker 2>it does come in the form of like these rhyming

1:09:47.600 --> 1:09:51.360
<v Speaker 2>little couplets. Right now. In Louis the fifteenth reign, the

1:09:51.400 --> 1:09:56.120
<v Speaker 2>most popular of these songs, gossip songs, were about his mistresses,

1:09:56.600 --> 1:09:58.519
<v Speaker 2>because he was the kind of king who was seen

1:09:58.600 --> 1:10:00.960
<v Speaker 2>by his wife as little as possible, and by the

1:10:01.040 --> 1:10:06.160
<v Speaker 2>mid seventeen hundreds this had reached a fever pitch of unpopularity. Again,

1:10:06.320 --> 1:10:10.120
<v Speaker 2>anknown adulterer couldn't receive the sacrament, and when the king

1:10:10.200 --> 1:10:13.519
<v Speaker 2>got seriously ill, which happened with some regularity given how

1:10:13.800 --> 1:10:16.800
<v Speaker 2>disease spread at Versailles, he would have to dismiss his

1:10:17.000 --> 1:10:20.240
<v Speaker 2>mistress in order to take communion. Right this happened in

1:10:20.320 --> 1:10:24.200
<v Speaker 2>seventeen forty four, and when it's generally accepted, you dismiss

1:10:24.240 --> 1:10:26.320
<v Speaker 2>your mistress, then you're good with God again. You can

1:10:26.360 --> 1:10:28.439
<v Speaker 2>go to heaven if you die. But if you dismiss

1:10:28.479 --> 1:10:31.240
<v Speaker 2>her and you get better, you're not supposed to take

1:10:31.280 --> 1:10:34.640
<v Speaker 2>her back. Right at most, you're supposed to find a

1:10:34.760 --> 1:10:38.280
<v Speaker 2>new mistress. But Louis the fifteenth got really attached to

1:10:38.360 --> 1:10:40.920
<v Speaker 2>his mistresses, and so he takes this lady back, and

1:10:41.040 --> 1:10:44.559
<v Speaker 2>that scandalizes the people, and it pisses off the church.

1:10:45.080 --> 1:10:47.000
<v Speaker 2>And the big part of why people are pissed about

1:10:47.040 --> 1:10:49.200
<v Speaker 2>this is that they see this as having a major

1:10:49.280 --> 1:10:53.880
<v Speaker 2>impact on public health, because it's this very fun belief.

1:10:53.920 --> 1:10:58.600
<v Speaker 2>At the time, it was widely believed that when he

1:10:58.880 --> 1:11:03.679
<v Speaker 2>was made the king, the king gained the magical power

1:11:03.800 --> 1:11:06.720
<v Speaker 2>that was known as the royal touch, right, And so

1:11:06.880 --> 1:11:10.360
<v Speaker 2>a king, by touching you could cure what was called

1:11:10.400 --> 1:11:14.960
<v Speaker 2>the king's disease, which was scrofula. Now scrofula is a

1:11:15.040 --> 1:11:17.800
<v Speaker 2>kind of tuberculosis, right, and it's a kind of thing

1:11:17.840 --> 1:11:19.680
<v Speaker 2>that spreads a lot in society where people don't wash

1:11:19.680 --> 1:11:22.640
<v Speaker 2>their fucking hands. And the understanding is that when the

1:11:22.720 --> 1:11:25.760
<v Speaker 2>king ascends, he gets the power to cure scrofula by

1:11:25.840 --> 1:11:29.400
<v Speaker 2>touching people, but he loses it if God's not happy

1:11:29.479 --> 1:11:33.200
<v Speaker 2>with him, right. And the practical issue here is that

1:11:33.800 --> 1:11:37.160
<v Speaker 2>once a year at Eastern mass the king would go

1:11:37.400 --> 1:11:40.840
<v Speaker 2>to Paris and a huge all of everyone with scrofula

1:11:40.920 --> 1:11:43.960
<v Speaker 2>would line up and he would touch them all, right,

1:11:44.640 --> 1:11:48.040
<v Speaker 2>And obviously this presents there's some danger of the king

1:11:48.120 --> 1:11:51.960
<v Speaker 2>getting sick from this, right, But this also provides them

1:11:52.000 --> 1:11:54.559
<v Speaker 2>with a degree of safety because every year a huge

1:11:54.680 --> 1:11:58.639
<v Speaker 2>number of like the poor people in Paris make direct

1:11:58.840 --> 1:12:01.840
<v Speaker 2>contact with the king in a way where they see

1:12:01.960 --> 1:12:05.479
<v Speaker 2>him as saving them. Can you think of how that

1:12:05.760 --> 1:12:07.320
<v Speaker 2>protect the king from the mob?

1:12:07.880 --> 1:12:12.960
<v Speaker 3>Right, regardless whether they're actually here healed of their scropula

1:12:13.720 --> 1:12:14.400
<v Speaker 3>or whatever, like.

1:12:14.960 --> 1:12:17.439
<v Speaker 2>That matters less than everyone sees the king is a

1:12:17.479 --> 1:12:21.519
<v Speaker 2>part of our public health system. And also he is

1:12:21.560 --> 1:12:24.360
<v Speaker 2>coming on he helps me directly. I'm not going to

1:12:24.479 --> 1:12:28.519
<v Speaker 2>murder the king, you know, why would I do that? Right?

1:12:29.080 --> 1:12:33.040
<v Speaker 2>But Louis the fifteenth loses this power, and so he

1:12:33.160 --> 1:12:36.560
<v Speaker 2>stops going to these eastern masses and touching people, and

1:12:36.720 --> 1:12:40.799
<v Speaker 2>it cuts off a very important connection between the crowned

1:12:41.280 --> 1:12:44.840
<v Speaker 2>line and the masses in Paris. Right, this is going

1:12:44.880 --> 1:12:48.080
<v Speaker 2>to contribute to revolutionary conditions. Again, all these are just

1:12:48.160 --> 1:12:51.120
<v Speaker 2>like pieces of why this happens. But the fact that

1:12:51.200 --> 1:12:55.680
<v Speaker 2>the king is under Louis the fifteenth, what contact the king?

1:12:55.840 --> 1:12:59.160
<v Speaker 2>You know, Louis the fourteenth already had reduced significantly. By

1:12:59.240 --> 1:13:03.559
<v Speaker 2>moving out of pair Ris, the King's contact with regular people.

1:13:04.040 --> 1:13:07.479
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fifteenth cuts off one of the last vestiges

1:13:07.520 --> 1:13:10.040
<v Speaker 2>of that because he won't stop fucking his mistresses and

1:13:10.080 --> 1:13:12.880
<v Speaker 2>he gets canceled by the church. Another issue is that

1:13:13.439 --> 1:13:16.240
<v Speaker 2>the church threatens to take away because he won't stop

1:13:16.320 --> 1:13:19.280
<v Speaker 2>fucking his mistresses. The church threatens to take away the

1:13:19.400 --> 1:13:23.080
<v Speaker 2>Jubilee in seventeen fifty every twenty five years, the church

1:13:23.120 --> 1:13:26.519
<v Speaker 2>would forgive everyone in France's sins, right, so you don't

1:13:26.520 --> 1:13:28.040
<v Speaker 2>have to pay, You don't have to It's like a

1:13:28.160 --> 1:13:31.960
<v Speaker 2>big deal, right, and the king of it. They don't

1:13:32.040 --> 1:13:34.360
<v Speaker 2>ultimately go through with this. The church, the king is

1:13:34.400 --> 1:13:36.479
<v Speaker 2>able to lean on them, but for a long time,

1:13:36.520 --> 1:13:39.880
<v Speaker 2>everyone thinks that the King has cost them the Jubilee

1:13:40.040 --> 1:13:42.320
<v Speaker 2>because he can't keep his dick in his pants. And

1:13:42.439 --> 1:13:47.559
<v Speaker 2>that makes them very angry, right right, Like this isn't

1:13:47.680 --> 1:13:51.839
<v Speaker 2>just them being judgmental. They are seeing significant public health costs.

1:13:51.920 --> 1:13:55.120
<v Speaker 2>That's how we're going to hell. People are gonna go

1:13:55.160 --> 1:13:59.120
<v Speaker 2>to hell over here, man, what the fuck? And the

1:13:59.200 --> 1:14:03.519
<v Speaker 2>popular media goes nuts about this rumor. As Robert Darton writes,

1:14:04.080 --> 1:14:07.240
<v Speaker 2>one novelist published a letter from a correspondent who vilified

1:14:07.320 --> 1:14:09.880
<v Speaker 2>Louis for depriving his people of the jubilee. It is

1:14:10.080 --> 1:14:12.560
<v Speaker 2>monstrous that all of French should be deprived of it

1:14:12.640 --> 1:14:14.560
<v Speaker 2>because the king, by his own fault, is not in

1:14:14.640 --> 1:14:17.879
<v Speaker 2>a state of to receive this grace. The general resentment

1:14:17.960 --> 1:14:21.519
<v Speaker 2>was expressed by some of the crudest poems Lewis the

1:14:21.600 --> 1:14:25.320
<v Speaker 2>Badly Loved, make your Jubilee, give up your whoreor Madame

1:14:25.439 --> 1:14:31.160
<v Speaker 2>le pompadour and give us bread. Oh this is one

1:14:31.200 --> 1:14:34.200
<v Speaker 2>of those songs, right, it sounds better in the original French,

1:14:34.600 --> 1:14:36.800
<v Speaker 2>but not when I say it. Yeah, no, and you

1:14:37.040 --> 1:14:40.080
<v Speaker 2>don't have the French. I don't have the French gene. No,

1:14:40.720 --> 1:14:44.559
<v Speaker 2>but yeah, this is like popular songs. Honestly, they're like, yeah,

1:14:44.680 --> 1:14:46.760
<v Speaker 2>I describe it as TikTok. You might even describe it

1:14:46.800 --> 1:14:48.760
<v Speaker 2>as like punk rock in the eighties, right, these like

1:14:48.960 --> 1:14:51.759
<v Speaker 2>songs people are singing about this kind of criticizing power.

1:14:51.880 --> 1:14:54.080
<v Speaker 3>It is very culturally, very cool that there's like this

1:14:54.200 --> 1:14:56.799
<v Speaker 3>weird like cottage journalism industry and this weird.

1:14:56.640 --> 1:15:00.760
<v Speaker 2>Like this this trash shit. Yeah, this is It is

1:15:00.840 --> 1:15:03.240
<v Speaker 2>interesting that you can almost look at this as like

1:15:03.280 --> 1:15:06.760
<v Speaker 2>a common point of origin for like journalism, hip hop,

1:15:07.360 --> 1:15:14.080
<v Speaker 2>punk rock, and TikTok. Right, Yeah, fucking the king and

1:15:14.160 --> 1:15:17.439
<v Speaker 2>Versailles not being able to keep his dick in his pants. Yeah, yeah,

1:15:18.760 --> 1:15:21.439
<v Speaker 2>So what we see throughout Louis the fifteenth reign is

1:15:21.479 --> 1:15:24.120
<v Speaker 2>a king whose decisions, and some of his decisions are good,

1:15:24.840 --> 1:15:28.040
<v Speaker 2>constantly drive a wedge between him and everyone outside of

1:15:28.160 --> 1:15:32.160
<v Speaker 2>Versailles because of the media ecosystem, which at this point

1:15:32.280 --> 1:15:36.400
<v Speaker 2>has grown to be entirely like predicated on critiquing the

1:15:36.520 --> 1:15:41.280
<v Speaker 2>king and his nobles. Right, and to everyone's surprise, what's

1:15:41.320 --> 1:15:45.479
<v Speaker 2>happened here is without anyone meaning for this to evolve

1:15:45.600 --> 1:15:50.320
<v Speaker 2>this way, This emergent media ecosystem has created a check

1:15:50.479 --> 1:15:54.919
<v Speaker 2>on the king's absolute power. As a Parisian comedian Nicholas

1:15:55.000 --> 1:15:59.720
<v Speaker 2>Chamfort said, France is quote an absolute monarchy tempered by songs.

1:16:01.880 --> 1:16:06.439
<v Speaker 3>That is actually that is actually very love fucking awesome

1:16:06.640 --> 1:16:09.599
<v Speaker 3>here and the controlling animal house.

1:16:09.720 --> 1:16:13.439
<v Speaker 2>Yeah over here is people making up means songs about

1:16:13.479 --> 1:16:14.920
<v Speaker 2>him like.

1:16:15.040 --> 1:16:17.640
<v Speaker 3>That's what in fact, that he was too horny. I

1:16:17.640 --> 1:16:20.760
<v Speaker 3>guess he was right the level horny.

1:16:21.080 --> 1:16:25.960
<v Speaker 2>Kendrick's like obliquely ship talking Trump through his presentation at

1:16:26.000 --> 1:16:31.320
<v Speaker 2>the super Bowl, Right, It's in some ways it hasn't changed.

1:16:32.200 --> 1:16:34.280
<v Speaker 2>It's just always been understood that if you are good

1:16:34.360 --> 1:16:37.439
<v Speaker 2>enough at music, no dictator will be brave enough to

1:16:37.560 --> 1:16:42.639
<v Speaker 2>kill you. Yeah, this is why Billy Joel was allowed

1:16:42.640 --> 1:16:46.560
<v Speaker 2>to go to the USSR. You know the power of

1:16:46.640 --> 1:16:47.479
<v Speaker 2>the piano man.

1:16:47.400 --> 1:16:49.879
<v Speaker 3>And why Stephen Sgal is fine as well.

1:16:49.960 --> 1:16:53.880
<v Speaker 2>Is right, is right? Is very safe? Uh everywhere music

1:16:54.080 --> 1:16:58.880
<v Speaker 2>is great music. When he went to war uh Louis

1:16:58.920 --> 1:17:02.360
<v Speaker 2>the fifteenth and seventh teen forty alongside the Austrians against

1:17:02.400 --> 1:17:06.439
<v Speaker 2>an alliance of British people, Hessians, Hanovarians and the hated Dutch,

1:17:06.840 --> 1:17:09.479
<v Speaker 2>there was a vicious battle near the village of Lawfeld.

1:17:09.960 --> 1:17:13.080
<v Speaker 2>In real terms, it was a tactical victory for France.

1:17:13.200 --> 1:17:17.880
<v Speaker 2>They take the village, but either a strategic defeat or

1:17:17.920 --> 1:17:20.360
<v Speaker 2>at best to draw because they lose so many men

1:17:20.439 --> 1:17:23.760
<v Speaker 2>taking this town they can't continue the offensive that they

1:17:23.840 --> 1:17:27.760
<v Speaker 2>had intended in support of the Austrians. That said, they

1:17:27.840 --> 1:17:30.799
<v Speaker 2>do take the town, so the king declares it a victory.

1:17:31.479 --> 1:17:34.600
<v Speaker 2>But the newspapers, and again all of the newspapers that

1:17:34.680 --> 1:17:37.920
<v Speaker 2>get into France are printed in Amsterdam, who are fighting

1:17:38.000 --> 1:17:41.320
<v Speaker 2>against the king. The King sends back his messengers to

1:17:41.360 --> 1:17:44.360
<v Speaker 2>declare victory in Paris. The newspapers that arrive at the

1:17:44.400 --> 1:17:49.240
<v Speaker 2>same time all say France lost the battle. Right police

1:17:49.280 --> 1:17:53.000
<v Speaker 2>spies informed the government. Hey, most of the media says,

1:17:53.080 --> 1:17:56.639
<v Speaker 2>we actually lost this, and it's kind of generating unrest.

1:17:57.240 --> 1:18:00.479
<v Speaker 2>An effort gets made, this distribute counter propaganda. But it's

1:18:00.560 --> 1:18:04.400
<v Speaker 2>like when the government tries to make tiktoks, right, nobody

1:18:04.840 --> 1:18:08.559
<v Speaker 2>like that. Like the police aren't good at making songs.

1:18:08.680 --> 1:18:11.640
<v Speaker 7>People want to sing, you know, I wonder what the

1:18:11.640 --> 1:18:14.559
<v Speaker 7>police songs were like. No, they must have sucked as

1:18:15.240 --> 1:18:18.280
<v Speaker 7>they did not slap. It was literally the police. This

1:18:18.439 --> 1:18:22.639
<v Speaker 7>is this is, this is where Sting gets his start.

1:18:26.080 --> 1:18:28.559
<v Speaker 7>Very horny guy as well, so very horny man as well.

1:18:28.600 --> 1:18:33.280
<v Speaker 2>He would have fit in. So Now by this point, again,

1:18:33.400 --> 1:18:36.479
<v Speaker 2>this this modern ecosystem had largely a lot of it

1:18:36.600 --> 1:18:40.400
<v Speaker 2>had developed as a way to keep abreast with palace gossip.

1:18:40.840 --> 1:18:44.000
<v Speaker 2>But at this point it pivots, you know, and it

1:18:44.120 --> 1:18:47.920
<v Speaker 2>pivots to This is almost the first time where you

1:18:48.080 --> 1:18:52.639
<v Speaker 2>see something like a modern ecosystem obsessing over a major

1:18:52.840 --> 1:18:56.200
<v Speaker 2>world war in media res right in the same way

1:18:56.200 --> 1:18:58.519
<v Speaker 2>people did about like the Gulf War or or you know,

1:18:58.840 --> 1:19:02.240
<v Speaker 2>more recently the expanded judging the government well and judging

1:19:02.360 --> 1:19:04.960
<v Speaker 2>the government for it. The government has this is a

1:19:05.560 --> 1:19:09.200
<v Speaker 2>very rare thing and it's really kind of what. I

1:19:09.240 --> 1:19:11.040
<v Speaker 2>don't know if it's the first time this has happened,

1:19:11.120 --> 1:19:13.479
<v Speaker 2>but I don't know that it's ever happened before on

1:19:13.640 --> 1:19:18.080
<v Speaker 2>this scale, where the absolute monarchy completely loses control of

1:19:18.160 --> 1:19:23.080
<v Speaker 2>the information coming out of a conflict on foreign soil. Right,

1:19:23.720 --> 1:19:26.720
<v Speaker 2>that's a big deal. And this war, the War of

1:19:26.760 --> 1:19:29.640
<v Speaker 2>Austrian Succession, it's one of a number of wars that

1:19:30.120 --> 1:19:32.720
<v Speaker 2>that some historians will argue should be counted as the

1:19:32.760 --> 1:19:35.720
<v Speaker 2>first real World War. I don't care to get into

1:19:35.760 --> 1:19:38.880
<v Speaker 2>that argument, but this is a massive conflict, right right,

1:19:39.800 --> 1:19:42.400
<v Speaker 2>And the fact that the government of France has completely

1:19:42.520 --> 1:19:47.120
<v Speaker 2>lost control due to the independent media is incredibly noteworthy.

1:19:47.840 --> 1:19:51.120
<v Speaker 2>I want to quote again from that book. Reports of

1:19:51.160 --> 1:19:53.800
<v Speaker 2>the overseas warfare appeared, and the gazettes and the Cafe

1:19:53.920 --> 1:19:57.120
<v Speaker 2>Sophisticates discussed them, but most Parisians, if they followed foreign

1:19:57.160 --> 1:19:59.840
<v Speaker 2>affairs at all, concentrated on the fighting nearby and the

1:20:00.040 --> 1:20:03.439
<v Speaker 2>low countries where Martial de Sachs scored his victories. They

1:20:03.479 --> 1:20:05.960
<v Speaker 2>were appalled. Therefore, as soon as they learned about the

1:20:06.000 --> 1:20:09.839
<v Speaker 2>preliminaries to the peace, to discover that Louis the fifteenth

1:20:09.880 --> 1:20:12.840
<v Speaker 2>had agreed to return everything France had won at such

1:20:12.920 --> 1:20:17.240
<v Speaker 2>expense and suffering. In exchange, he received virtually nothing he'd

1:20:17.280 --> 1:20:20.519
<v Speaker 2>got back Louisbourg, a fortress on the Cape Breton Island,

1:20:20.600 --> 1:20:23.559
<v Speaker 2>while he surrendered Madras, a greater prize to the British.

1:20:23.880 --> 1:20:27.320
<v Speaker 2>To ordinary Parisians with an uncertain grasp of geography, the

1:20:27.400 --> 1:20:30.280
<v Speaker 2>global readjustment and the balance of power, insofar as they

1:20:30.320 --> 1:20:32.960
<v Speaker 2>were aware of it, mattered less than the sacrifice of

1:20:33.000 --> 1:20:37.040
<v Speaker 2>the fortresses in Flanders. Most Parisians, moreover, experienced the war

1:20:37.080 --> 1:20:39.679
<v Speaker 2>as hardship inflicted on their daily lives in the form

1:20:39.720 --> 1:20:43.679
<v Speaker 2>of increased taxes, scarcer goods, and higher prices. The Dixim,

1:20:44.080 --> 1:20:46.960
<v Speaker 2>a special tax levied since seventeen forty one to support

1:20:47.000 --> 1:20:49.920
<v Speaker 2>the war, fell on virtually all revenue, although the clergy

1:20:50.040 --> 1:20:54.200
<v Speaker 2>negotiated an exemption. Salaries were exempt, so laborers did not

1:20:54.320 --> 1:20:58.559
<v Speaker 2>suffer directly. But the Dixem was a bitter blow to rentiers, merchants,

1:20:58.720 --> 1:21:05.680
<v Speaker 2>artisans and shopkeepers. So there's both this this thing that

1:21:06.720 --> 1:21:09.439
<v Speaker 2>in an earlier era the king would have been able

1:21:09.439 --> 1:21:11.240
<v Speaker 2>to spend as we've got a piece. We forced a

1:21:11.320 --> 1:21:13.479
<v Speaker 2>piece on them after all these victories, and that's kind

1:21:13.479 --> 1:21:15.439
<v Speaker 2>of what I would have gotten out Instead, there's all

1:21:15.479 --> 1:21:17.880
<v Speaker 2>this reporting on everything that France is giving up in

1:21:18.000 --> 1:21:21.760
<v Speaker 2>the piece because the Dutch have a vested interest in

1:21:21.800 --> 1:21:23.800
<v Speaker 2>that information getting out to the people of France because

1:21:23.800 --> 1:21:26.680
<v Speaker 2>it and it's being printed over too, yes, and it's

1:21:26.720 --> 1:21:30.400
<v Speaker 2>being printed over there too, and so people gain a

1:21:30.439 --> 1:21:32.720
<v Speaker 2>real understanding of the fact that oh, no, no, we're

1:21:32.800 --> 1:21:35.600
<v Speaker 2>being lied to about this war that has fucked up

1:21:35.680 --> 1:21:38.000
<v Speaker 2>my life. You know, I'm paying a lot more in

1:21:38.120 --> 1:21:40.519
<v Speaker 2>taxes because of this, and we just gave everything up

1:21:40.640 --> 1:21:42.200
<v Speaker 2>what my son died. You know.

1:21:42.320 --> 1:21:45.880
<v Speaker 3>It's two very different ecosystems, media ecosystems as well, because

1:21:45.880 --> 1:21:49.000
<v Speaker 3>you've got the internal palace intrigue quite literally, yeah, which

1:21:49.080 --> 1:21:52.680
<v Speaker 3>is controlling the nobles with this weird system of rules sotalia.

1:21:53.000 --> 1:21:53.200
<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

1:21:53.920 --> 1:21:56.559
<v Speaker 3>And then but they've shown no interest for actually controlling

1:21:56.640 --> 1:21:59.880
<v Speaker 3>the real problem, like the real the independent media that's

1:22:00.000 --> 1:22:00.880
<v Speaker 3>bucking the rosses off.

1:22:01.120 --> 1:22:04.080
<v Speaker 2>No, because like the king is, he's monitoring everyone's male right.

1:22:04.160 --> 1:22:06.000
<v Speaker 2>When they send out gossip, they have to be very

1:22:06.080 --> 1:22:08.960
<v Speaker 2>secret about it. People get punished for this. So inside

1:22:09.040 --> 1:22:12.960
<v Speaker 2>the palace it's as close to a totalitarian state as

1:22:13.000 --> 1:22:17.120
<v Speaker 2>it can be. And then in Paris it's like a

1:22:17.479 --> 1:22:21.280
<v Speaker 2>very free media environment. Even though this is all technically illegal,

1:22:21.800 --> 1:22:23.120
<v Speaker 2>everything is getting out.

1:22:24.000 --> 1:22:25.880
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, it's probably because there's so much shit that they

1:22:26.000 --> 1:22:28.679
<v Speaker 3>do with inviside that they can't control it at this point.

1:22:28.760 --> 1:22:31.000
<v Speaker 2>Well yeah, and they don't. They're not really as aware

1:22:31.120 --> 1:22:34.400
<v Speaker 2>because they have no connection to Paris really, right, the

1:22:34.920 --> 1:22:38.040
<v Speaker 2>most of the nobility and certainly not the king. So

1:22:38.280 --> 1:22:41.080
<v Speaker 2>the dic same pisses off a lot of people in

1:22:41.120 --> 1:22:44.880
<v Speaker 2>the bourgeoisie. There's another tax that just everyone has to pay,

1:22:45.680 --> 1:22:47.760
<v Speaker 2>which is kind of Louis the fifteenth. He was because

1:22:47.960 --> 1:22:50.200
<v Speaker 2>the nobles were subject to it too, so you could

1:22:50.200 --> 1:22:52.639
<v Speaker 2>see it as him trying to modernize and make things fairer.

1:22:53.000 --> 1:22:55.559
<v Speaker 2>But it just creates more anger and unrest because it's

1:22:55.640 --> 1:22:59.320
<v Speaker 2>just another tax. He also puts through tariffs on consumer goods.

1:23:00.160 --> 1:23:02.519
<v Speaker 2>Prices for the necessities of life start to surge to

1:23:02.560 --> 1:23:05.840
<v Speaker 2>an unsustainable level. There are bread riots, you know, people

1:23:05.960 --> 1:23:09.880
<v Speaker 2>are starving. In order to try and mitigate this. When

1:23:09.920 --> 1:23:12.439
<v Speaker 2>the war finally ends, the king orders two days of

1:23:12.520 --> 1:23:16.360
<v Speaker 2>celebration and the crown provides a feast like food and

1:23:16.479 --> 1:23:18.760
<v Speaker 2>wine all you can eat for two days for the

1:23:18.840 --> 1:23:22.320
<v Speaker 2>little people of Paris. Right, So there's a massive party

1:23:22.400 --> 1:23:23.960
<v Speaker 2>and this is the kind of thing in the past

1:23:24.400 --> 1:23:26.720
<v Speaker 2>that would have got everybody back to being fans of

1:23:26.760 --> 1:23:30.080
<v Speaker 2>the king, right, but people know everything that went on

1:23:30.240 --> 1:23:34.439
<v Speaker 2>behind the scenes, and so for the first time, when

1:23:34.479 --> 1:23:37.960
<v Speaker 2>the king goes through Paris on like his victory march,

1:23:38.640 --> 1:23:41.400
<v Speaker 2>people don't during this massive party where they're all getting

1:23:41.400 --> 1:23:44.200
<v Speaker 2>free food and booze, no one shouts vive le roi.

1:23:44.760 --> 1:23:48.240
<v Speaker 2>Nobody shouts like long live the King right right, It's

1:23:48.560 --> 1:23:52.720
<v Speaker 2>like commoners refuse to do this, and popular gossip notes

1:23:52.760 --> 1:23:55.559
<v Speaker 2>that women in the market start arguing, like making fun

1:23:55.600 --> 1:23:57.640
<v Speaker 2>of each other by saying, you are as stupid as

1:23:57.680 --> 1:24:03.760
<v Speaker 2>the peace right. It's become this rule. It's a calamity

1:24:04.240 --> 1:24:08.200
<v Speaker 2>for them for the crown. A dozen people are also

1:24:08.320 --> 1:24:10.760
<v Speaker 2>crushed to death during a fireworks display due to a

1:24:10.800 --> 1:24:14.040
<v Speaker 2>bottleneck in the streets, and this is reported on massively right.

1:24:14.479 --> 1:24:17.600
<v Speaker 2>People talk about this all that like constantly. It is

1:24:17.760 --> 1:24:20.120
<v Speaker 2>like a massive topic of discussion in the media, and

1:24:20.439 --> 1:24:23.639
<v Speaker 2>every mistake, every attendant death, and all of the suffering

1:24:23.680 --> 1:24:26.360
<v Speaker 2>of the masses, every bad thing that happens adds to

1:24:26.479 --> 1:24:29.839
<v Speaker 2>the crush of a hostile papers, books and songs attacking

1:24:29.920 --> 1:24:32.840
<v Speaker 2>the regime, and rather than trying to deal with any

1:24:32.920 --> 1:24:35.559
<v Speaker 2>of this or trying to directly engage with the people.

1:24:36.200 --> 1:24:39.800
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fifteenth largely responds to a hostile public by

1:24:39.920 --> 1:24:44.360
<v Speaker 2>drawing inwards and retreating to Versailles. After the failed celebrations

1:24:44.400 --> 1:24:47.120
<v Speaker 2>of seventeen forty eight, the king avoids the capital. In

1:24:47.200 --> 1:24:49.479
<v Speaker 2>seventeen forty nine and seventeen fifty he doesn't go there

1:24:49.520 --> 1:24:52.960
<v Speaker 2>at all. Rumors spread through songs, through small papers and

1:24:53.040 --> 1:24:57.400
<v Speaker 2>newsmongers that he fears sparking a riot, and so people

1:24:57.479 --> 1:24:59.960
<v Speaker 2>really start talking for the first time, is the case

1:25:00.200 --> 1:25:03.559
<v Speaker 2>scared of the mob? Do we maybe as a group

1:25:03.640 --> 1:25:08.759
<v Speaker 2>of angry people in Paris have power to threaten the monarchy?

1:25:09.760 --> 1:25:12.320
<v Speaker 2>This is when people really start talking about that. You know,

1:25:12.720 --> 1:25:15.160
<v Speaker 2>this is an important step on the road to seventeen

1:25:15.240 --> 1:25:20.320
<v Speaker 2>eighty nine, right, Yeah, in mid seventeen, Yeah.

1:25:20.680 --> 1:25:23.200
<v Speaker 3>They just lost control of everything they did. They they

1:25:23.200 --> 1:25:24.479
<v Speaker 3>didn't really, Yeah.

1:25:24.800 --> 1:25:28.040
<v Speaker 2>They're starting to again. They get another forty years before

1:25:28.080 --> 1:25:30.479
<v Speaker 2>this all falls, right, But these are important idea If

1:25:30.520 --> 1:25:33.680
<v Speaker 2>this marinating isn't brilliant, Yes, it takes a while for

1:25:33.840 --> 1:25:36.840
<v Speaker 2>this to marinate, and this is part of like what

1:25:37.240 --> 1:25:41.680
<v Speaker 2>leads things to collapse. In mid seventeen forty nine, a

1:25:41.840 --> 1:25:45.960
<v Speaker 2>major government minister is brought down by a song. The

1:25:46.160 --> 1:25:49.760
<v Speaker 2>victim is Compte de Moripas, who was the king's most

1:25:49.800 --> 1:25:52.080
<v Speaker 2>powerful minister. He's a close friend to the king and

1:25:52.200 --> 1:25:55.439
<v Speaker 2>he is like his basically his number one advisor, right,

1:25:55.920 --> 1:25:59.040
<v Speaker 2>And one day the king retires, you know, he doesn't

1:25:59.040 --> 1:26:01.080
<v Speaker 2>always like to be surrounded the crowd, so he goes

1:26:01.960 --> 1:26:05.480
<v Speaker 2>to his royal bedchambers with his mistress, Madame de Pompadour,

1:26:05.800 --> 1:26:09.400
<v Speaker 2>and her cousin Madame de'estrade and the Comte de morrepass

1:26:09.479 --> 1:26:12.080
<v Speaker 2>And I think they're all kind of fucking right, Like

1:26:12.720 --> 1:26:15.000
<v Speaker 2>I don't know, yeah, or at least they're both fucking

1:26:15.040 --> 1:26:18.080
<v Speaker 2>at the same time. Over the course of the night,

1:26:18.280 --> 1:26:22.640
<v Speaker 2>Madame Pompadour hands out wyatt white hyacinths as gifts, and

1:26:23.040 --> 1:26:25.840
<v Speaker 2>this private moment hits the streets of Paris days later,

1:26:25.960 --> 1:26:28.320
<v Speaker 2>set to the tune of a popular love song by

1:26:28.360 --> 1:26:31.320
<v Speaker 2>your Noble and free manner Iris. You enchant our hearts

1:26:31.640 --> 1:26:34.879
<v Speaker 2>on our path. You strew flowers, but they are white flowers,

1:26:35.360 --> 1:26:38.880
<v Speaker 2>And that doesn't seem super scandalous, right It is, though,

1:26:38.960 --> 1:26:42.000
<v Speaker 2>because the word for flower is very similar to a

1:26:42.120 --> 1:26:47.800
<v Speaker 2>colloquial term for vaginal discharge. And what this song is

1:26:47.960 --> 1:26:52.600
<v Speaker 2>saying is that the King's mistress spread VD and this

1:26:52.760 --> 1:26:56.640
<v Speaker 2>priort private moment in the royal chambers, she got that.

1:26:57.200 --> 1:27:00.680
<v Speaker 2>That's what the white flowers are like, white vaginal this charge. Right,

1:27:00.720 --> 1:27:03.920
<v Speaker 2>It's it's like she's she had an STD and she

1:27:04.120 --> 1:27:07.000
<v Speaker 2>spread it to the king in Moropaus. Right, that's kind

1:27:07.040 --> 1:27:08.600
<v Speaker 2>of what the song is a legend. I don't know,

1:27:08.640 --> 1:27:11.439
<v Speaker 2>I don't think that's actually what happened, because that's what

1:27:11.600 --> 1:27:15.679
<v Speaker 2>the song is like, yeah, go through well, and here's

1:27:15.720 --> 1:27:18.639
<v Speaker 2>the big thing. There are four people in the room

1:27:19.160 --> 1:27:21.280
<v Speaker 2>when this happens, right, And that was what I was thinking, like,

1:27:21.760 --> 1:27:26.879
<v Speaker 2>write this, well, it's Moropas, right, is the compt de Maropaus?

1:27:26.920 --> 1:27:29.920
<v Speaker 2>Because obviously the King's mistress isn't gonna lake this. Her

1:27:30.000 --> 1:27:34.160
<v Speaker 2>cousin's unlikely to sure shit, not the king, right. And

1:27:34.479 --> 1:27:37.360
<v Speaker 2>what makes this even more obvious is that Moropaus is

1:27:37.439 --> 1:27:41.200
<v Speaker 2>a famous and beloved popular songwriter, and he had four

1:27:41.400 --> 1:27:45.000
<v Speaker 2>years used music to launder gossip and attacks on his

1:27:45.200 --> 1:27:48.439
<v Speaker 2>enemies at Versailles into Paris, and in fact, a lot

1:27:48.520 --> 1:27:51.240
<v Speaker 2>of the a lot of what we have from this

1:27:51.439 --> 1:27:55.480
<v Speaker 2>period from this aspect of culture. These like popular political

1:27:55.720 --> 1:28:01.800
<v Speaker 2>like like slander songs are ones that Maropaus wrote. Forty

1:28:01.920 --> 1:28:04.320
<v Speaker 2>five volumes of his lyrics survived to this day.

1:28:04.439 --> 1:28:05.040
<v Speaker 3>Jesus Christ.

1:28:05.080 --> 1:28:09.680
<v Speaker 2>So this guy was prolific, right again, Yeah, and so

1:28:10.240 --> 1:28:14.240
<v Speaker 2>when this thing that four people are for leaks out

1:28:14.320 --> 1:28:16.880
<v Speaker 2>in song form, everyone immediately know like, this has to

1:28:16.960 --> 1:28:21.040
<v Speaker 2>be you, right, Marapas he had tried to spread this

1:28:21.240 --> 1:28:24.479
<v Speaker 2>verse to damage the king's mistress because he was closer

1:28:24.520 --> 1:28:26.680
<v Speaker 2>to the queen. Right, This whole thing had been I

1:28:26.760 --> 1:28:29.439
<v Speaker 2>want to like separate her from the king. But this

1:28:29.640 --> 1:28:32.240
<v Speaker 2>blows up because he's very sloppy about how he does it,

1:28:32.360 --> 1:28:35.400
<v Speaker 2>and he tries to blame the whole debacle on Marshall Richelieu,

1:28:35.600 --> 1:28:39.400
<v Speaker 2>who's one of his rivals. But Richelieu figures out what's

1:28:39.439 --> 1:28:42.479
<v Speaker 2>going on and tells the king. As Darton writes, this

1:28:42.680 --> 1:28:44.960
<v Speaker 2>version of Marpas's fall owed a great deal to the

1:28:45.040 --> 1:28:47.120
<v Speaker 2>rumor mill of the court and the baroque character of

1:28:47.160 --> 1:28:50.160
<v Speaker 2>politics in Versailles. Parisians, who had little contact with that

1:28:50.240 --> 1:28:52.800
<v Speaker 2>alien world, could not be certain about what lay behind

1:28:52.880 --> 1:28:56.280
<v Speaker 2>Maropas's fall, but they knew that songs precipitated it, and

1:28:56.400 --> 1:29:01.200
<v Speaker 2>that the result was a realignment of power, and so

1:29:02.080 --> 1:29:05.639
<v Speaker 2>kind of by this period, you know, seventeen forty nine,

1:29:06.400 --> 1:29:09.080
<v Speaker 2>you've got the king has gotten scared out of Paris

1:29:09.160 --> 1:29:12.640
<v Speaker 2>by the mob, and now people have realized that like

1:29:12.840 --> 1:29:15.880
<v Speaker 2>these songs, these like popular this popular media has the

1:29:15.920 --> 1:29:19.599
<v Speaker 2>ability to uproot and force government ministers out of their office.

1:29:20.040 --> 1:29:24.519
<v Speaker 2>Right in addition to this, you've created this permanent because

1:29:24.560 --> 1:29:26.200
<v Speaker 2>of how negative a lot of this media is, this

1:29:26.360 --> 1:29:30.880
<v Speaker 2>really permanent breach between the crown and the people. In

1:29:31.000 --> 1:29:34.200
<v Speaker 2>seventeen fifty one, the King's attempts a return to Paris.

1:29:34.439 --> 1:29:36.880
<v Speaker 2>He goes to a mass at Notre Dame and as

1:29:36.960 --> 1:29:40.879
<v Speaker 2>he rides in the crowd around him maintains near total silence,

1:29:41.240 --> 1:29:44.040
<v Speaker 2>an experience so upsetting that Louis the fifteenth has a

1:29:44.200 --> 1:29:46.960
<v Speaker 2>road built so he can avoid Paris in the future

1:29:47.200 --> 1:29:50.240
<v Speaker 2>when traveling to his various properties. And by this point

1:29:50.640 --> 1:29:54.680
<v Speaker 2>seventeen fifty one, the roth that's going to lead to

1:29:55.400 --> 1:29:59.320
<v Speaker 2>the revolution is probably terminal. Right, there's almost certainly no

1:30:00.040 --> 1:30:02.680
<v Speaker 2>because this system that the next king is going to

1:30:02.760 --> 1:30:05.160
<v Speaker 2>come up in, that is going to continue governing, is

1:30:05.240 --> 1:30:08.599
<v Speaker 2>like it can't do anything but make this system worse.

1:30:09.040 --> 1:30:12.280
<v Speaker 2>By its nature, it feeds this media ecosystem that is

1:30:12.320 --> 1:30:16.120
<v Speaker 2>so toxic to the crown. By its nature, it creates

1:30:16.200 --> 1:30:19.640
<v Speaker 2>a ruling class who has no contact or understanding with

1:30:19.800 --> 1:30:23.080
<v Speaker 2>regular people and who will constantly fuck them over and

1:30:23.200 --> 1:30:26.240
<v Speaker 2>over order to pay and afford keeping their fancy party

1:30:26.280 --> 1:30:29.439
<v Speaker 2>house going. Right, all of this, all of this has

1:30:29.560 --> 1:30:31.479
<v Speaker 2>happened by seventeen fifty one.

1:30:31.520 --> 1:30:34.720
<v Speaker 3>No, it's people everything about it, and they know people well,

1:30:34.760 --> 1:30:37.000
<v Speaker 3>they constantly yes, and what they know about it is

1:30:37.120 --> 1:30:40.200
<v Speaker 3>just told in the most scandalous, ridiculous way.

1:30:40.760 --> 1:30:43.560
<v Speaker 2>Very a lot of it's yeah, yeah, a lot of

1:30:43.600 --> 1:30:46.960
<v Speaker 2>it's also told in catchy songs. It's cold and catchy songs.

1:30:46.960 --> 1:30:49.599
<v Speaker 2>They're gonna be catchy songs about like Marie Antoinette being

1:30:49.640 --> 1:30:52.600
<v Speaker 2>a spy for her home in Austria and she's not.

1:30:53.200 --> 1:30:55.519
<v Speaker 2>There's a lot of valid critiques of Marie Antoinette, but

1:30:55.560 --> 1:30:58.200
<v Speaker 2>she like legitimately did not do any of the things

1:30:58.240 --> 1:31:00.400
<v Speaker 2>her family wanted her to do in turn of like

1:31:00.560 --> 1:31:04.040
<v Speaker 2>influencing France to be pro Austria. Like they were constantly

1:31:04.080 --> 1:31:06.280
<v Speaker 2>pissed at her, but it didn't matter in terms of

1:31:06.320 --> 1:31:10.519
<v Speaker 2>her unpopularity because the mob was convinced and the popular

1:31:10.640 --> 1:31:17.000
<v Speaker 2>media was convinced that she was effectively a spy. Right, yeah, well, probably.

1:31:16.800 --> 1:31:19.040
<v Speaker 3>Good for this one, but not good for now when

1:31:19.360 --> 1:31:20.040
<v Speaker 3>good things.

1:31:19.920 --> 1:31:25.040
<v Speaker 2>Happen, yeah, you know, it's it's we'll see again. This

1:31:25.200 --> 1:31:27.519
<v Speaker 2>all moved. The media moved pretty fast in Paris of

1:31:27.560 --> 1:31:29.839
<v Speaker 2>this day, but not as fast as it works today.

1:31:32.040 --> 1:31:34.200
<v Speaker 2>And I guess if I have a hopeful thing in

1:31:34.360 --> 1:31:36.840
<v Speaker 2>terms of you know, these v are are modern day

1:31:36.880 --> 1:31:40.679
<v Speaker 2>people attempting to make an aristocracy or you know, honestly

1:31:40.720 --> 1:31:43.120
<v Speaker 2>trying to make a monarchy with themselves as the Crat's

1:31:43.160 --> 1:31:46.040
<v Speaker 2>what Curtis Yarvin and the like one. They want to

1:31:46.080 --> 1:31:51.000
<v Speaker 2>be nobles in this new hereditary order under CEO kings,

1:31:51.600 --> 1:31:56.320
<v Speaker 2>and things move faster now, and the same dynamics that

1:31:58.320 --> 1:32:02.880
<v Speaker 2>caused every thing to fall apart for the people running

1:32:02.960 --> 1:32:07.599
<v Speaker 2>Versailles are human dynamics. And these people, I think are

1:32:07.680 --> 1:32:10.160
<v Speaker 2>convinced that they can force that out of us by

1:32:10.240 --> 1:32:13.280
<v Speaker 2>taking control of social media, you know, by breeding it

1:32:13.360 --> 1:32:17.840
<v Speaker 2>out of people or whatever. I don't think that they can.

1:32:18.760 --> 1:32:18.960
<v Speaker 7>Yeah.

1:32:19.560 --> 1:32:19.760
<v Speaker 2>Yeah.

1:32:19.960 --> 1:32:23.160
<v Speaker 3>In fact, the very dynamics discussed in this these episodes

1:32:23.200 --> 1:32:25.080
<v Speaker 3>is kind of suggesting why they can't, because people will

1:32:25.120 --> 1:32:26.360
<v Speaker 3>just eventually go what the fuck?

1:32:27.040 --> 1:32:30.439
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, Yeah, there's there's more to talk about. We may

1:32:30.520 --> 1:32:33.560
<v Speaker 2>do you know soon episodes on you know, kind of

1:32:33.640 --> 1:32:36.519
<v Speaker 2>the end of this process and what happens with Marie

1:32:36.520 --> 1:32:40.280
<v Speaker 2>Antoinette and her husband. Louis the sixteenth is also interesting.

1:32:40.680 --> 1:32:44.080
<v Speaker 2>They're just not really bastards in the same way that

1:32:44.160 --> 1:32:47.479
<v Speaker 2>Louis the fifteenth and fourteenth are right, right, Like, they

1:32:48.040 --> 1:32:49.800
<v Speaker 2>make a lot of mistakes, and they do do some

1:32:50.000 --> 1:32:52.760
<v Speaker 2>like they do do bad things right like every king

1:32:52.840 --> 1:32:57.439
<v Speaker 2>and queen does. But these guys are why the system

1:32:57.920 --> 1:33:01.439
<v Speaker 2>had pissed people off so much that those two needed

1:33:01.479 --> 1:33:05.439
<v Speaker 2>to lose their heads, right. The terror is largely fueled

1:33:05.720 --> 1:33:08.240
<v Speaker 2>by the ship that had by the ship that Louis

1:33:08.280 --> 1:33:12.320
<v Speaker 2>the fourteenth creates at Versailles, and that Louis the fifteenth perpetuates,

1:33:12.439 --> 1:33:16.200
<v Speaker 2>right Like, that's all of that anger gets built up

1:33:16.240 --> 1:33:19.800
<v Speaker 2>as a result of that period of time, and you

1:33:19.920 --> 1:33:21.400
<v Speaker 2>know that's cool.

1:33:22.520 --> 1:33:25.599
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, seems like it ended well for everyone involved.

1:33:26.000 --> 1:33:29.120
<v Speaker 2>It doesn't it ends great for everyone. Louis the fourteenth,

1:33:29.240 --> 1:33:34.680
<v Speaker 2>how do he collp it just disaus uh oh Louis, No,

1:33:34.800 --> 1:33:38.280
<v Speaker 2>he gets some he gets a small box. Oh okay, yeah,

1:33:38.320 --> 1:33:40.200
<v Speaker 2>he gets a small box. He has to send away

1:33:40.240 --> 1:33:43.280
<v Speaker 2>his mistress, but he's like in his seventies. No, yeah,

1:33:43.320 --> 1:33:48.880
<v Speaker 2>he also reigns a crazy lung. He reigns for decades. Again,

1:33:48.960 --> 1:33:51.479
<v Speaker 2>this whole period like is like there's more than a

1:33:51.600 --> 1:33:55.000
<v Speaker 2>century of Versailles, even though there's only like three kings, right,

1:33:56.200 --> 1:34:01.640
<v Speaker 2>so it lasts a while. It just isn't you know

1:34:02.680 --> 1:34:05.880
<v Speaker 2>by I think by probably like seventeen forty nine to

1:34:05.960 --> 1:34:10.200
<v Speaker 2>seventeen fifty one, somewhere around then. I think the revolution

1:34:10.479 --> 1:34:13.639
<v Speaker 2>was inevitable. There was all There was probably no way

1:34:14.880 --> 1:34:18.160
<v Speaker 2>just functionally because I don't think Versailles, I think Versite.

1:34:18.360 --> 1:34:22.160
<v Speaker 2>Among other things, the fact that it was so ossified

1:34:22.200 --> 1:34:25.800
<v Speaker 2>by this point it was incapable of changing. Right, how

1:34:25.840 --> 1:34:28.280
<v Speaker 2>do you feel any of reform things. You're spending all

1:34:28.280 --> 1:34:31.160
<v Speaker 2>your time worrying about who's holding your shirt as the kids,

1:34:31.240 --> 1:34:33.600
<v Speaker 2>You have very little time to fix the way the

1:34:33.720 --> 1:34:38.599
<v Speaker 2>government works, right Yeah, yeah, the Napkin situation is really

1:34:38.800 --> 1:34:41.840
<v Speaker 2>bogging you down by this point. And again, all of

1:34:41.920 --> 1:34:45.240
<v Speaker 2>this was around how the government was run too. Yeah,

1:34:45.880 --> 1:34:49.960
<v Speaker 2>very good, exactly, Jesus, yep, it's great.

1:34:50.320 --> 1:34:53.400
<v Speaker 3>Christ three times on this show now, and every time

1:34:53.479 --> 1:34:56.000
<v Speaker 3>you find a new freak, oh series of freaks.

1:34:56.080 --> 1:35:00.880
<v Speaker 2>The freak Collection because Duo of Freaks. That's that's the show.

1:35:01.680 --> 1:35:06.800
<v Speaker 1>That's the podcasta Ed, you have a podcast, I do it.

1:35:07.320 --> 1:35:10.759
<v Speaker 3>It's called Better Offline. Got a betrofline dot com? Emailing

1:35:10.840 --> 1:35:13.240
<v Speaker 3>me easy at better better off line dot com. If

1:35:13.240 --> 1:35:15.600
<v Speaker 3>you hate me or love me, ideally the latter. And

1:35:15.640 --> 1:35:17.920
<v Speaker 3>if you want to set up a bizarre series of

1:35:18.040 --> 1:35:19.800
<v Speaker 3>rules that I will make you live by, go to

1:35:19.840 --> 1:35:22.760
<v Speaker 3>our reddit, which is our slash bet off line. We're

1:35:22.760 --> 1:35:24.760
<v Speaker 3>already working on a Vasai like system there.

1:35:26.680 --> 1:35:30.439
<v Speaker 2>Yeah yeah, yeah, so I check that out. You know,

1:35:30.560 --> 1:35:35.280
<v Speaker 2>when finally when he when he lives, When when Ed

1:35:35.400 --> 1:35:39.920
<v Speaker 2>lives completely surrounded by the nobility of France, that's when

1:35:39.960 --> 1:35:43.000
<v Speaker 2>podcasts and we'll finally reach its apex oh wait.

1:35:46.560 --> 1:35:49.200
<v Speaker 1>Behind the Bastards is a production of cool Zone Media.

1:35:49.600 --> 1:35:52.240
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1:35:52.320 --> 1:35:56.240
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